Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	ChilliwackMore information: British Columbia [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	81,622	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	73,171^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	11.5	...	...	11.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	34,302	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	33,030	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,456.9	...	...	1,456.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	56.02	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	81,630	39,560	42,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,280	7,380	6,900	17.5	18.7	16.4
0 to 4 years	4,475	2,300	2,170	5.5	5.8	5.2
5 to 9 years	4,710	2,455	2,250	5.8	6.2	5.3
10 to 14 years	5,095	2,625	2,475	6.2	6.6	5.9
15 to 64 years	49,335	24,100	25,235	60.4	60.9	60.0
15 to 19 years	4,610	2,375	2,230	5.6	6.0	5.3
20 to 24 years	4,105	2,090	2,020	5.0	5.3	4.8
25 to 29 years	4,750	2,365	2,385	5.8	6.0	5.7
30 to 34 years	5,180	2,540	2,635	6.3	6.4	6.3
35 to 39 years	5,495	2,740	2,755	6.7	6.9	6.5
40 to 44 years	4,770	2,265	2,505	5.8	5.7	6.0
45 to 49 years	4,800	2,345	2,455	5.9	5.9	5.8
50 to 54 years	4,905	2,350	2,555	6.0	5.9	6.1
55 to 59 years	5,270	2,530	2,735	6.5	6.4	6.5
60 to 64 years	5,460	2,505	2,960	6.7	6.3	7.0
65 years and over	18,015	8,080	9,935	22.1	20.4	23.6
65 to 69 years	4,940	2,285	2,660	6.1	5.8	6.3
70 to 74 years	4,835	2,235	2,600	5.9	5.6	6.2
75 to 79 years	3,510	1,600	1,910	4.3	4.0	4.5
80 to 84 years	2,375	1,055	1,320	2.9	2.7	3.1
85 years and over	2,350	900	1,445	2.9	2.3	3.4
85 to 89 years	1,440	600	845	1.8	1.5	2.0
90 to 94 years	700	255	445	0.9	0.6	1.1
95 to 99 years	185	50	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.5	18.7	16.4	17.5	18.7	16.4
15 to 64 years	60.4	60.9	60.0	60.4	60.9	60.0
65 years and over	22.1	20.4	23.6	22.1	20.4	23.6
85 years and over	2.9	2.3	3.4	2.9	2.3	3.4
Average age of the population	42.7	41.4	43.9	42.7	41.4	43.9
Median age of the population	42.4	40.8	44.0	42.4	40.8	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	33,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	16,060	...	...	48.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,465	...	...	4.4	...	...
Row house	5,490	...	...	16.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,540	...	...	4.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,150	...	...	21.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	285	...	...	0.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,015	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	33,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,435	...	...	28.6	...	...
2 persons	11,870	...	...	35.9	...	...
3 persons	4,540	...	...	13.7	...	...
4 persons	4,150	...	...	12.6	...	...
5 or more persons	3,035	...	...	9.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	80,425	39,100	41,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	67,355	32,185	35,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	38,855	19,370	19,485	57.7	60.2	55.4
Married	32,165	16,045	16,120	47.8	49.9	45.8
Living common-law	6,690	3,330	3,365	9.9	10.3	9.6
Living common law - Never married	4,495	2,265	2,230	6.7	7.0	6.3
Living common law - Separated	470	230	230	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	1,530	760	770	2.3	2.4	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	200	70	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	28,500	12,815	15,680	42.3	39.8	44.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	16,820	9,120	7,705	25.0	28.3	21.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,210	905	1,305	3.3	2.8	3.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,000	1,810	3,195	7.4	5.6	9.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,470	985	3,485	6.6	3.1	9.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	23,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,705	...	...	55.0	...	...
3 persons	4,465	...	...	19.3	...	...
4 persons	3,945	...	...	17.1	...	...
5 or more persons	1,990	...	...	8.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	23,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	19,105	...	...	82.7	...	...
Married couples	15,760	...	...	68.2	...	...
With children⁶	7,435	...	...	32.2	...	...
Without children	8,325	...	...	36.0	...	...
Common-law couples	3,350	...	...	14.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,345	...	...	5.8	...	...
Without children	2,000	...	...	8.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,005	...	...	17.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,085	...	...	13.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	915	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	80,425	39,100	41,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	65,405	32,330	33,075	81.3	82.7	80.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	38,210	19,050	19,160	47.5	48.7	46.4
Parents in one-parent families	4,005	915	3,090	5.0	2.3	7.5
Children⁶	23,195	12,365	10,830	28.8	31.6	26.2
In a two-parent family	16,875	8,990	7,885	21.0	23.0	19.1
In a one-parent family	6,320	3,375	2,945	7.9	8.6	7.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,020	6,765	8,255	18.7	17.3	20.0
Living alone	9,435	3,950	5,485	11.7	10.1	13.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,000	880	1,125	2.5	2.3	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	3,580	1,935	1,645	4.5	4.9	4.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	33,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	19,415	...	...	58.8	...	...
Couple-family households	16,525	...	...	50.0	...	...
With children⁶	7,465	...	...	22.6	...	...
Without children	9,065	...	...	27.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,890	...	...	8.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,030	...	...	3.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	310	...	...	0.9	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,510	...	...	4.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,330	...	...	4.0	...	...
One-person households	9,435	...	...	28.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	66,165	31,720	34,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,180	30,725	33,455	97.0	96.9	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	48,000	33,600	39,200	48,000	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,215	30,750	33,470	97.1	96.9	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	43,200	31,400	36,000	43,200	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,260	27,730	28,530	85.0	87.4	82.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	44,000	24,000	32,800	44,000	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	43,410	22,260	21,150	65.6	70.2	61.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	48,800	28,400	37,200	48,800	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,760	24,695	30,060	82.8	77.9	87.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	9,800	12,900	12,000	9,800	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,870	2,460	3,415	8.9	7.8	9.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,080	5,480	5,400	5,080	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,960	6,635	8,325	22.6	20.9	24.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	66,115	31,715	34,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,015	30,635	33,375	96.8	96.6	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,760	55,750	40,360	47,760	55,750	40,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,055	30,670	33,380	96.9	96.7	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,760	47,840	36,160	41,760	47,840	36,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,250	27,680	28,575	85.1	87.3	83.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,440	51,900	33,280	42,440	51,900	33,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	43,400	22,295	21,105	65.6	70.3	61.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,040	53,750	35,880	45,040	53,750	35,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	54,750	24,745	30,005	82.8	78.0	87.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,210	11,020	13,200	12,210	11,020	13,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,655	2,330	3,325	8.6	7.3	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,610	5,820	7,170	6,610	5,820	7,170
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,795	6,670	8,130	22.4	21.0	23.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,840	8,390	9,200	8,840	8,390	9,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	66,120	31,710	34,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	21,150	12,475	8,680	32.0	39.3	25.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	68,000	50,800	59,600	68,000	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,800	72,400	56,200	65,800	72,400	56,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,570	7,100	9,470	25.1	22.4	27.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	20,800	16,200	18,000	20,800	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,240	33,040	22,860	27,240	33,040	22,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.2	84.0	70.6	78.2	84.0	70.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.0	70.2	56.2	64.0	70.2	56.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.9	16.0	29.4	21.9	16.0	29.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.8	1.2	0.8	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	4.2	7.4	5.6	4.2	7.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.3	5.6	4.3	3.3	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	66,165	31,725	34,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,985	1,000	985	3.0	3.2	2.9
With total income	64,175	30,725	33,450	97.0	96.8	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,260	2,110	3,155	8.2	6.9	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	8,140	2,890	5,245	12.7	9.4	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	10,560	4,160	6,395	16.5	13.5	19.1
$30,000 to $39,999	8,785	3,500	5,285	13.7	11.4	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	7,565	3,395	4,170	11.8	11.0	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	6,100	3,060	3,035	9.5	10.0	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	4,665	2,700	1,965	7.3	8.8	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,530	2,240	1,295	5.5	7.3	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,565	1,700	865	4.0	5.5	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,105	1,390	720	3.3	4.5	2.2
$100,000 and over	4,890	3,570	1,320	7.6	11.6	3.9
$100,000 to $149,999	3,795	2,710	1,085	5.9	8.8	3.2
$150,000 and over	1,095	860	235	1.7	2.8	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	66,165	31,725	34,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,950	975	975	2.9	3.1	2.8
With after-tax income	64,215	30,745	33,465	97.1	96.9	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,470	2,170	3,295	8.5	7.1	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,375	2,980	5,390	13.0	9.7	16.1
$20,000 to $29,999	11,830	4,665	7,170	18.4	15.2	21.4
$30,000 to $39,999	10,160	4,260	5,910	15.8	13.9	17.7
$40,000 to $49,999	8,480	4,080	4,400	13.2	13.3	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	6,445	3,555	2,890	10.0	11.6	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	4,505	2,890	1,620	7.0	9.4	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,160	2,080	1,080	4.9	6.8	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,190	1,450	740	3.4	4.7	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,310	900	410	2.0	2.9	1.2
$100,000 and over	2,290	1,725	560	3.6	5.6	1.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,405	1,060	350	2.2	3.4	1.0
$125,000 and over	880	665	210	1.4	2.2	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	66,165	31,725	34,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,755	9,465	13,290	34.4	29.8	38.6
With employment income	43,410	22,260	21,150	65.6	70.2	61.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,885	2,525	3,365	13.6	11.3	15.9
$5,000 to $9,999	3,365	1,305	2,065	7.8	5.9	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	5,050	2,000	3,045	11.6	9.0	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	4,155	1,685	2,470	9.6	7.6	11.7
$30,000 to $39,999	4,420	1,900	2,520	10.2	8.5	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	3,985	1,930	2,055	9.2	8.7	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	3,630	1,955	1,675	8.4	8.8	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	3,055	1,925	1,130	7.0	8.6	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	2,500	1,715	785	5.8	7.7	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,015	1,385	630	4.6	6.2	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,700	1,155	550	3.9	5.2	2.6
$100,000 and over	3,655	2,790	870	8.4	12.5	4.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,075	1,530	545	4.8	6.9	2.6
$125,000 and over	1,580	1,255	325	3.6	5.6	1.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	66,165	31,720	34,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,740	29,995	32,745	94.8	94.6	95.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	46,400	29,800	36,400	46,400	29,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,890	30,015	32,875	95.1	94.6	95.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	41,600	27,600	33,200	41,600	27,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,900	27,410	28,495	84.5	86.4	82.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	44,800	25,000	33,200	44,800	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	45,730	23,225	22,505	69.1	73.2	65.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	46,800	27,000	35,200	46,800	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,985	18,625	26,365	68.0	58.7	76.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,500	9,200	9,600	9,500	9,200	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,490	1,840	2,655	6.8	5.8	7.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	4,880	5,480	5,240	4,880	5,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	66,115	31,715	34,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,720	29,990	32,730	94.9	94.6	95.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,040	53,800	37,000	45,040	53,800	37,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,895	30,015	32,880	95.1	94.6	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,520	32,680	38,800	45,520	32,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,945	27,345	28,595	84.6	86.2	83.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,320	52,250	32,800	42,320	52,250	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45,685	23,175	22,510	69.1	73.1	65.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,880	51,900	33,640	42,880	51,900	33,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45,155	18,675	26,485	68.3	58.9	77.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,140	9,870	10,320	10,140	9,870	10,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,335	1,785	2,555	6.6	5.6	7.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,050	6,085	7,730	7,050	6,085	7,730
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	66,120	31,710	34,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	21,020	12,380	8,635	31.8	39.0	25.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	64,000	46,400	56,000	64,000	46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,800	69,000	51,450	61,800	69,000	51,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,685	6,750	8,935	23.7	21.3	26.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	28,600	21,400	24,000	28,600	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,400	39,320	27,200	32,400	39,320	27,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.8	88.6	77.4	83.8	88.6	77.4
Employment income (%)	69.4	74.6	62.5	69.4	74.6	62.5
Government transfers (%)	16.2	11.4	22.6	16.2	11.4	22.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.6	1.1	0.7	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	33,030	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	23,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	33,090	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,400	...	...	92,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,800	...	...	80,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,515	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,640	...	...	46,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,160	...	...	41,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	23,575	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,800	...	...	110,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,800	...	...	96,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	33,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	245	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	260	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	795	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,545	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,145	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,165	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,420	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,395	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,355	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,725	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,430	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,235	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,075	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,995	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,100	...	...	36.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,015	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,910	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,170	...	...	9.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,005	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	33,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	280	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	265	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	810	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,595	...	...	4.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,335	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,315	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,625	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,570	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,555	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,100	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,695	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,605	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,385	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,150	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,605	...	...	29.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,990	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,480	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,140	...	...	9.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	22,665	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,400	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,840	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,690	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,015	5,885	7,130	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	40,400	34,000	36,800	40,400	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	36,800	32,000	34,000	36,800	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	22,625	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,800	...	...	109,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,800	...	...	95,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,290	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,700	...	...	95,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,400	...	...	83,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,885	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,400	...	...	119,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,660	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,965	5,820	7,145	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,120	46,960	41,800	44,120	46,960	41,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,080	41,080	37,440	39,080	41,080	37,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	80,430	39,095	41,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,100	8,835	8,265	21.3	22.6	20.0
0 to 5 years	5,390	2,810	2,575	6.7	7.2	6.2
18 to 64 years	46,255	22,470	23,775	57.5	57.5	57.5
65 years and over	17,070	7,785	9,285	21.2	19.9	22.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,575	3,770	4,800	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,940	995	945	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	580	310	270	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,030	1,810	2,220	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,605	970	1,640	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.7	9.7	11.6	10.7	9.7	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	11.3	11.2	11.5	11.3	11.2	11.5
0 to 5 years (%)	10.8	11.0	10.6	10.8	11.0	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	8.7	8.1	9.3	8.7	8.1	9.3
65 years and over (%)	15.3	12.4	17.7	15.3	12.4	17.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	75,650	36,925	38,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,655	8,620	8,035	22.0	23.3	20.7
0 to 5 years	5,240	2,740	2,495	6.9	7.4	6.4
18 to 64 years	44,500	21,685	22,815	58.8	58.7	58.9
65 years and over	14,490	6,620	7,870	19.2	17.9	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,665	1,305	1,360	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	600	290	310	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	165	95	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,790	905	885	...	...	...
65 years and over	275	110	165	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5
0 to 17 years (%)	3.6	3.4	3.8	3.6	3.4	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	3.1	3.5	2.8	3.1	3.5	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.2	3.9	4.0	4.2	3.9
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.6	2.1	1.9	1.6	2.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	80,430	39,095	41,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	42,930	20,115	22,815	53.4	51.5	55.2
In bottom decile	7,820	3,520	4,295	9.7	9.0	10.4
In second decile	8,550	3,785	4,765	10.6	9.7	11.5
In third decile	8,650	4,065	4,590	10.8	10.4	11.1
In fourth decile	9,125	4,470	4,655	11.3	11.4	11.3
In fifth decile	8,785	4,270	4,515	10.9	10.9	10.9
In top half of the distribution	37,495	18,985	18,510	46.6	48.6	44.8
In sixth decile	8,685	4,310	4,380	10.8	11.0	10.6
In seventh decile	8,395	4,250	4,140	10.4	10.9	10.0
In eighth decile	8,085	4,140	3,940	10.1	10.6	9.5
In ninth decile	7,290	3,690	3,595	9.1	9.4	8.7
In top decile	5,045	2,590	2,455	6.3	6.6	5.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	80,425	...	...	80,425	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.288	...	...	0.288	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.413	...	...	0.413	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.258	...	...	0.258	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	80,930	39,265	41,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	76,655	37,415	39,235	94.7	95.3	94.2
French only	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	3,660	1,580	2,080	4.5	4.0	5.0
Neither English nor French	585	250	335	0.7	0.6	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	80,930	39,265	41,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	79,470	38,590	40,875	98.2	98.3	98.1
French	785	380	400	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	115	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	560	235	320	0.7	0.6	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	80,930	39,265	41,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	79,225	38,475	40,750	97.9	98.0	97.8
Official languages	70,045	34,250	35,800	86.6	87.2	85.9
English	69,190	33,835	35,350	85.5	86.2	84.8
French	860	415	445	1.1	1.1	1.1
Non-official languages	9,180	4,225	4,955	11.3	10.8	11.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,115	4,200	4,915	11.3	10.7	11.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	235	130	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	230	125	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	170	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	345	165	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	340	160	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	715	285	430	0.9	0.7	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	550	220	335	0.7	0.6	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,100	2,855	3,240	7.5	7.3	7.8
Albanian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	720	305	415	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	705	295	410	0.9	0.8	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	195	75	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	190	75	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	115	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,555	1,155	1,400	3.2	2.9	3.4
Frisian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,530	690	840	1.9	1.8	2.0
German	1,500	670	825	1.9	1.7	2.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	865	400	470	1.1	1.0	1.1
Afrikaans	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	710	320	390	0.9	0.8	0.9
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	150	60	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swedish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,565	795	770	1.9	2.0	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,355	680	670	1.7	1.7	1.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	920	470	455	1.1	1.2	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	140	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	210	115	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	180	100	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	130	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,155	545	605	1.4	1.4	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	175	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	225	110	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	660	300	355	0.8	0.8	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	415	195	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	760	345	420	0.9	0.9	1.0
Chinese languages	720	325	395	0.9	0.8	0.9
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	465	205	260	0.6	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	205	100	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
S'gaw Karen	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	135	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,700	785	920	2.1	2.0	2.2
English and French	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,265	580	680	1.6	1.5	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	125	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	80,930	39,265	41,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	72,040	35,160	36,885	89.0	89.5	88.5
French	145	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	2,010	955	1,055	2.5	2.4	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,005	955	1,055	2.5	2.4	2.5
English and French	530	235	295	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	5,870	2,695	3,175	7.3	6.9	7.6
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	130	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	80,930	39,265	41,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	79,690	38,710	40,985	98.5	98.6	98.4
Official languages	75,695	36,785	38,910	93.5	93.7	93.4
English	75,495	36,695	38,800	93.3	93.5	93.1
French	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	4,000	1,920	2,075	4.9	4.9	5.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,995	1,915	2,075	4.9	4.9	5.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	65	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	120	65	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	255	120	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	250	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	330	160	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	260	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,190	1,050	1,145	2.7	2.7	2.7
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	260	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	260	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	330	155	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	215	105	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	215	105	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	115	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,100	535	560	1.4	1.4	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	975	475	495	1.2	1.2	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	700	340	360	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	125	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	470	225	250	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	280	125	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	320	155	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	525	250	275	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	485	230	255	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	340	160	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,240	560	685	1.5	1.4	1.6
English and French	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,130	505	620	1.4	1.3	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	80,930	39,260	41,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	75,250	36,650	38,600	93.0	93.4	92.6
English	1,605	770	840	2.0	2.0	2.0
French	430	195	240	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	3,005	1,335	1,670	3.7	3.4	4.0
Indigenous³⁹	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,935	1,310	1,625	3.6	3.3	3.9
English and French	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	230	125	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	300	155	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	80,515	39,105	41,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	79,980	38,895	41,090	99.3	99.5	99.2
English	79,950	38,885	41,070	99.3	99.4	99.2
French	3,560	1,585	1,970	4.4	4.1	4.8
Non-official languages	12,850	5,985	6,865	16.0	15.3	16.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	205	65	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,645	5,915	6,730	15.7	15.1	16.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	350	200	150	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	350	200	150	0.4	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	295	160	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	410	180	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	410	180	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,060	430	630	1.3	1.1	1.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	75	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	155	55	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	950	370	590	1.2	0.9	1.4
Waray-Waray	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,680	4,105	4,575	10.8	10.5	11.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,005	460	545	1.2	1.2	1.3
Baltic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	995	455	535	1.2	1.2	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	225	95	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	440	220	220	0.5	0.6	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	125	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	200	80	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,315	1,460	1,855	4.1	3.7	4.5
Frisian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,115	950	1,160	2.6	2.4	2.8
German	2,105	940	1,160	2.6	2.4	2.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,075	470	605	1.3	1.2	1.5
Afrikaans	140	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	850	360	500	1.1	0.9	1.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	240	95	145	0.3	0.2	0.4
Danish	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,295	1,180	1,115	2.9	3.0	2.7
Indo-Aryan languages	2,035	1,020	1,015	2.5	2.6	2.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	845	420	430	1.0	1.1	1.0
Kacchi	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,370	700	670	1.7	1.8	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	225	95	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	290	175	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	280	170	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dari	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	245	145	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,270	1,090	1,180	2.8	2.8	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	250	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	300	165	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
Romanian	265	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	1,570	735	830	1.9	1.9	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	175	70	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	465	205	265	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	185	110	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,035	520	510	1.3	1.3	1.2
Chinese languages	1,005	515	490	1.2	1.3	1.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	765	375	390	1.0	1.0	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	335	190	145	0.4	0.5	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	65	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	265	115	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	205	85	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	80,515	39,105	41,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,705	3,670	4,035	9.6	9.4	9.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,365	3,530	3,840	9.1	9.0	9.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,035	2,415	2,615	6.3	6.2	6.3
Métis	2,295	1,090	1,200	2.9	2.8	2.9
Inuk (Inuit)	40	20	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	170	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	72,810	35,435	37,375	90.4	90.6	90.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	80,515	39,105	41,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,490	1,610	1,875	4.3	4.1	4.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	77,025	37,490	39,530	95.7	95.9	95.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	33,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	23,750	...	...	71.8	...	...
Renter	9,220	...	...	27.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	120	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	33,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	8,135	...	...	24.6	...	...
Not condominium	24,960	...	...	75.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	33,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	245	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	3,960	...	...	12.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,705	...	...	29.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,000	...	...	30.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,180	...	...	27.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	33,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,755	...	...	26.5	...	...
5 rooms	5,655	...	...	17.1	...	...
6 rooms	5,110	...	...	15.4	...	...
7 rooms	4,005	...	...	12.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	9,565	...	...	28.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	33,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	32,655	...	...	98.7	...	...
More than one person per room	440	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	33,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	31,680	...	...	95.7	...	...
Not suitable	1,415	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	33,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,960	...	...	8.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	7,220	...	...	21.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,875	...	...	11.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,540	...	...	19.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,510	...	...	7.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,015	...	...	12.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,325	...	...	7.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,650	...	...	11.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	33,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	31,650	...	...	95.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,445	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	33,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	16,060	...	...	48.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,235	...	...	46.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,795	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	33,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	775	...	...	2.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,355	...	...	13.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,545	...	...	16.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,390	...	...	16.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,115	...	...	18.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,820	...	...	17.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,770	...	...	11.4	...	...
85 years and over	1,320	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	30,620	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	23,945	...	...	78.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,675	...	...	21.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,150	...	...	20.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	33,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,695	...	...	26.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,000	...	...	18.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,020	...	...	3.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	905	...	...	2.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	230	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	410	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	24,400	...	...	73.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	30,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,275	...	...	10.9	...	...
Not in core need	26,820	...	...	89.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,710	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.6	...	...	64.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.6	...	...	14.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	...	...	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,434	...	...	1,434	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	695,000	...	...	695,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	687,000	...	...	687,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,975	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.5	...	...	10.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.3	...	...	39.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	26.4	...	...	26.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,160	...	...	1,160	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,318	...	...	1,318	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	120	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	8.3	...	...	8.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	452	...	...	452	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	510	...	...	510	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	80,515	39,110	41,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,830	1,370	1,455	3.5	3.5	3.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,780	1,355	1,425	3.5	3.5	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,470	1,195	1,275	3.1	3.1	3.1
Métis single ancestry	300	155	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,980	2,475	2,505	6.2	6.3	6.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,805	2,375	2,430	6.0	6.1	5.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,355	1,635	1,715	4.2	4.2	4.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,420	730	690	1.8	1.9	1.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	165	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	72,705	35,260	37,450	90.3	90.2	90.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	80,510	39,105	41,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	76,720	37,310	39,410	95.3	95.4	95.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,655	8,555	8,100	20.7	21.9	19.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	60,065	28,755	31,305	74.6	73.5	75.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,795	1,795	2,000	4.7	4.6	4.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	80,510	39,105	41,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	68,150	33,255	34,895	84.6	85.0	84.3
Immigrants⁸¹	11,755	5,565	6,190	14.6	14.2	14.9
Before 1980	3,785	1,790	1,995	4.7	4.6	4.8
1980 to 1990	1,275	615	665	1.6	1.6	1.6
1991 to 2000	1,670	725	945	2.1	1.9	2.3
2001 to 2010	2,145	1,030	1,115	2.7	2.6	2.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,875	1,405	1,465	3.6	3.6	3.5
2011 to 2015	1,430	740	690	1.8	1.9	1.7
2016 to 2021	1,435	660	775	1.8	1.7	1.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	605	285	325	0.8	0.7	0.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	11,755	5,565	6,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,270	635	640	10.8	11.4	10.3
5 to 14 years	2,310	1,160	1,145	19.7	20.8	18.5
15 to 24 years	2,565	1,230	1,335	21.8	22.1	21.6
25 to 44 years	4,675	2,160	2,515	39.8	38.8	40.6
45 years and over	935	380	555	8.0	6.8	9.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	11,755	5,565	6,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,810	875	940	15.4	15.7	15.2
Brazil	155	85	70	1.3	1.5	1.1
Colombia	95	35	55	0.8	0.6	0.9
El Salvador	145	80	65	1.2	1.4	1.1
Guyana	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	35	20	0.5	0.6	0.3
Mexico	165	60	105	1.4	1.1	1.7
Peru	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
United States of America	850	395	455	7.2	7.1	7.4
Other places of birth in Americas	285	155	130	2.4	2.8	2.1
Europe	5,115	2,430	2,680	43.5	43.7	43.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	20	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatia	45	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
France	45	20	30	0.4	0.4	0.5
Germany	695	335	365	5.9	6.0	5.9
Greece	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	125	45	75	1.1	0.8	1.2
Italy	60	30	30	0.5	0.5	0.5
Netherlands	705	320	385	6.0	5.8	6.2
Poland	215	85	135	1.8	1.5	2.2
Portugal	50	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romania	205	110	95	1.7	2.0	1.5
Russian Federation	130	50	75	1.1	0.9	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	120	75	50	1.0	1.3	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,025	1,030	995	17.2	18.5	16.1
Other places of birth in Europe	615	250	365	5.2	4.5	5.9
Africa	560	290	275	4.8	5.2	4.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Egypt	40	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	60	40	25	0.5	0.7	0.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	210	90	115	1.8	1.6	1.9
Other places of birth in Africa	220	110	105	1.9	2.0	1.7
Asia	3,985	1,825	2,160	33.9	32.8	34.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	205	120	90	1.7	2.2	1.5
Iraq	50	20	30	0.4	0.4	0.5
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	80	40	40	0.7	0.7	0.6
Turkey	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	445	210	240	3.8	3.8	3.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	30	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	265	130	130	2.3	2.3	2.1
Taiwan	130	60	70	1.1	1.1	1.1
Philippines	890	350	545	7.6	6.3	8.8
Viet Nam	325	155	170	2.8	2.8	2.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	905	425	480	7.7	7.6	7.8
Pakistan	135	65	65	1.1	1.2	1.1
Sri Lanka	50	30	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	430	175	250	3.7	3.1	4.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	280	140	140	2.4	2.5	2.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,440	660	775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	235	115	120	16.3	17.4	15.5
Brazil	70	35	30	4.9	5.3	3.9
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	15	15	2.1	2.3	1.9
United States of America	80	35	45	5.6	5.3	5.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	20	20	2.4	3.0	2.6
Europe	230	110	115	16.0	16.7	14.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.3
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	35	20	15	2.4	3.0	1.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	35	30	4.2	5.3	3.9
Other places of birth in Europe	95	45	50	6.6	6.8	6.5
Africa	80	35	45	5.6	5.3	5.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	25	10	15	1.7	1.5	1.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	10	15	2.1	1.5	1.9
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	15	10	1.4	2.3	1.3
Asia	860	385	480	59.7	58.3	61.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	130	60	70	9.0	9.1	9.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	255	120	130	17.7	18.2	16.8
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	10	1.7	2.3	1.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	30	3.5	3.8	3.9
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.3
Pakistan	35	20	15	2.4	3.0	1.9
Philippines	185	60	125	12.8	9.1	16.1
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	10	10	1.7	1.5	1.3
Syria⁸⁹	50	30	20	3.5	4.5	2.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	30	15	15	2.1	2.3	1.9
Other places of birth in Asia	35	20	20	2.4	3.0	2.6
Oceania and other⁹³	30	15	15	2.1	2.3	1.9
Australia	10	10	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	10	10	1.4	1.5	1.3
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	80,515	39,105	41,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	13,235	6,285	6,950	16.4	16.1	16.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	16,190	7,900	8,290	20.1	20.2	20.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	51,090	24,920	26,165	63.5	63.7	63.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,970	3,775	4,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,020	2,055	1,960	50.4	54.4	46.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,660	1,070	595	20.8	28.3	14.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,350	990	1,365	29.5	26.2	32.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,800	1,145	1,655	35.1	30.3	39.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,065	550	510	13.4	14.6	12.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	90	30	65	1.1	0.8	1.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,970	3,775	4,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	220	125	100	2.8	3.3	2.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,275	605	670	16.0	16.0	16.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	305	160	140	3.8	4.2	3.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	370	195	170	4.6	5.2	4.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	35	30	0.8	0.9	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,745	2,665	3,080	72.1	70.6	73.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	80,515	39,105	41,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,345	4,545	4,800	11.6	11.6	11.6
South Asian	2,455	1,240	1,215	3.0	3.2	2.9
Chinese	1,230	650	580	1.5	1.7	1.4
Black	915	445	470	1.1	1.1	1.1
Filipino	1,360	560	800	1.7	1.4	1.9
Arab	200	100	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latin American	925	460	470	1.1	1.2	1.1
Southeast Asian	720	330	390	0.9	0.8	0.9
West Asian	265	155	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Korean	450	200	245	0.6	0.5	0.6
Japanese	225	115	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	190	100	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	405	190	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	71,170	34,560	36,610	88.4	88.4	88.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	80,510	39,105	41,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	10,335	5,270	5,065	12.8	13.5	12.2
English	20,990	9,955	11,035	26.1	25.5	26.7
Irish	13,130	6,035	7,095	16.3	15.4	17.1
Scottish	16,470	7,945	8,525	20.5	20.3	20.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,790	3,185	3,605	8.4	8.1	8.7
German	14,510	6,930	7,585	18.0	17.7	18.3
Chinese	1,360	710	645	1.7	1.8	1.6
Italian	2,285	1,165	1,120	2.8	3.0	2.7
Indian (India)	1,440	745	695	1.8	1.9	1.7
Ukrainian	4,470	2,135	2,335	5.6	5.5	5.6
Dutch	6,990	3,460	3,530	8.7	8.8	8.5
Polish	2,460	1,190	1,270	3.1	3.0	3.1
Québécois	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,310	1,560	1,750	4.1	4.0	4.2
Filipino	1,375	565	810	1.7	1.4	2.0
French Canadian	860	385	475	1.1	1.0	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,600	780	820	2.0	2.0	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,545	1,745	1,800	4.4	4.5	4.3
Métis	1,930	995	935	2.4	2.5	2.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,100	1,035	1,065	2.6	2.6	2.6
Russian	3,290	1,685	1,600	4.1	4.3	3.9
Norwegian	2,995	1,395	1,600	3.7	3.6	3.9
Welsh	1,895	895	995	2.4	2.3	2.4
Portuguese	480	245	225	0.6	0.6	0.5
American	1,495	770	720	1.9	2.0	1.7
Spanish	690	330	360	0.9	0.8	0.9
Swedish	2,085	985	1,100	2.6	2.5	2.7
Hungarian	1,265	605	660	1.6	1.5	1.6
Acadian	135	85	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	170	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	370	205	165	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jewish	325	170	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	375	175	200	0.5	0.4	0.5
Vietnamese	530	275	265	0.7	0.7	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	260	145	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jamaican	190	115	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	220	95	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	565	285	280	0.7	0.7	0.7
Korean	450	220	230	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	740	380	360	0.9	1.0	0.9
Lebanese	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	205	120	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	330	155	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	1,335	570	760	1.7	1.5	1.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	685	315	365	0.9	0.8	0.9
Sikh	270	140	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Austrian	815	410	405	1.0	1.0	1.0
Belgian	390	205	190	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	115	60	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexican	405	210	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mennonite	1,105	505	605	1.4	1.3	1.5
Swiss	545	265	280	0.7	0.7	0.7
Finnish	650	345	305	0.8	0.9	0.7
Sri Lankan	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	230	105	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	425	205	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	545	290	260	0.7	0.7	0.6
Muslim	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	555	300	255	0.7	0.8	0.6
Colombian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	325	125	195	0.4	0.3	0.5
Syrian	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	80	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	190	70	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Newfoundlander	100	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	125	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkish	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	155	60	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	205	100	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	155	60	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	135	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iraqi	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Salvadorean	220	125	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	80	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
South African	250	110	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	215	115	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Palestinian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chilean	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	125	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	195	75	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bulgarian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ghanaian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	125	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	605	265	340	0.8	0.7	0.8
Ecuadorian	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fijian	205	125	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jatt	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dominican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sudanese	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Honduran	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cherokee	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sicilian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	80,515	39,105	41,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	465	225	240	0.6	0.6	0.6
Christian	35,080	15,785	19,300	43.6	40.4	46.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	12,660	5,860	6,800	15.7	15.0	16.4
Anabaptist	1,285	635	650	1.6	1.6	1.6
Anglican	2,515	1,095	1,415	3.1	2.8	3.4
Baptist	1,030	505	525	1.3	1.3	1.3
Catholic	7,285	3,245	4,040	9.0	8.3	9.8
Christian Orthodox	420	190	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	580	265	315	0.7	0.7	0.8
Latter Day Saints	435	220	215	0.5	0.6	0.5
Lutheran	1,090	455	630	1.4	1.2	1.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	180	70	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,090	455	635	1.4	1.2	1.5
Presbyterian	460	175	285	0.6	0.4	0.7
Reformed	895	370	520	1.1	0.9	1.3
United Church	2,390	940	1,450	3.0	2.4	3.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,760	1,295	1,465	3.4	3.3	3.5
Hindu	515	270	250	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jewish	120	60	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Muslim	705	355	345	0.9	0.9	0.8
Sikh	1,145	595	550	1.4	1.5	1.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	240	120	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	905	390	520	1.1	1.0	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	41,330	21,310	20,025	51.3	54.5	48.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	79,720	38,675	41,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	67,655	32,990	34,670	84.9	85.3	84.5
Movers	12,060	5,690	6,370	15.1	14.7	15.5
Non-migrants	6,735	3,020	3,715	8.4	7.8	9.1
Migrants	5,325	2,670	2,655	6.7	6.9	6.5
Internal migrants	5,040	2,540	2,500	6.3	6.6	6.1
Intraprovincial migrants	4,275	2,160	2,110	5.4	5.6	5.1
Interprovincial migrants	770	375	390	1.0	1.0	1.0
External migrants	285	130	155	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	75,900	36,720	39,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	37,640	18,305	19,340	49.6	49.9	49.4
Movers	38,255	18,420	19,835	50.4	50.2	50.6
Non-migrants	16,180	7,870	8,310	21.3	21.4	21.2
Migrants	22,075	10,545	11,525	29.1	28.7	29.4
Internal migrants	20,530	9,830	10,695	27.0	26.8	27.3
Intraprovincial migrants	17,655	8,370	9,285	23.3	22.8	23.7
Interprovincial migrants	2,870	1,460	1,410	3.8	4.0	3.6
External migrants	1,550	715	835	2.0	1.9	2.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	66,120	31,715	34,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,870	6,920	5,955	19.5	21.8	17.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,245	24,795	28,450	80.5	78.2	82.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,380	19,455	20,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,425	3,155	2,265	13.4	16.2	10.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	34,960	16,295	18,660	86.6	83.8	89.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	66,115	31,715	34,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,085	5,850	5,235	16.8	18.4	15.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,910	11,450	12,465	36.2	36.1	36.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,120	14,415	16,705	47.1	45.5	48.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,265	10,070	11,195	32.2	31.8	32.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,610	4,940	1,670	10.0	15.6	4.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,830	1,715	1,115	4.3	5.4	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,780	3,230	550	5.7	10.2	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,590	4,150	7,445	17.5	13.1	21.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,065	980	2,080	4.6	3.1	6.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,855	4,345	5,505	14.9	13.7	16.0
Bachelor's degree	6,465	2,760	3,705	9.8	8.7	10.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	950	340	610	1.4	1.1	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	260	155	110	0.4	0.5	0.3
Master's degree	1,910	915	995	2.9	2.9	2.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	270	170	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,385	19,455	20,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,430	2,605	1,825	11.0	13.4	8.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,885	7,000	6,885	34.4	36.0	32.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,065	9,850	12,220	54.6	50.6	58.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,530	6,745	7,790	36.0	34.7	37.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,315	3,260	1,050	10.7	16.8	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,840	1,140	700	4.6	5.9	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,470	2,120	355	6.1	10.9	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,975	2,790	5,185	19.7	14.3	24.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,245	690	1,555	5.6	3.5	7.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,535	3,105	4,430	18.7	16.0	21.2
Bachelor's degree	5,040	2,060	2,980	12.5	10.6	14.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	700	235	465	1.7	1.2	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	205	105	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	1,440	615	820	3.6	3.2	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	150	85	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	66,115	31,715	34,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,995	17,295	17,695	52.9	54.5	51.4
Education	2,555	650	1,900	3.9	2.0	5.5
13. Education	2,555	650	1,900	3.9	2.0	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	840	325	510	1.3	1.0	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	85	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	715	245	470	1.1	0.8	1.4
Humanities	1,680	700	975	2.5	2.2	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	10	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	335	70	265	0.5	0.2	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	475	180	295	0.7	0.6	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	90	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	360	240	125	0.5	0.8	0.4
54. History	205	95	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,225	1,120	2,100	4.9	3.5	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	175	50	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	760	80	680	1.1	0.3	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	540	130	410	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	550	190	365	0.8	0.6	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,105	630	475	1.7	2.0	1.4
Business, management and public administration	5,560	1,790	3,770	8.4	5.6	11.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	540	85	460	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,015	1,700	3,315	7.6	5.4	9.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	625	325	295	0.9	1.0	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	250	135	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	155	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	140	100	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	815	515	300	1.2	1.6	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	615	420	195	0.9	1.3	0.6
25. Library science	100	25	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	70	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,715	6,325	390	10.2	19.9	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	120	90	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	740	625	115	1.1	2.0	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,190	1,110	85	1.8	3.5	0.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,910	1,850	65	2.9	5.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,740	1,695	50	2.6	5.3	0.1
48. Precision production	1,005	965	40	1.5	3.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	850	480	365	1.3	1.5	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	615	300	310	0.9	0.9	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	240	185	50	0.4	0.6	0.1
Health and related fields	5,680	930	4,755	8.6	2.9	13.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	270	140	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,330	720	4,615	8.1	2.3	13.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	65	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,575	1,255	1,315	3.9	4.0	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,485	400	1,085	2.2	1.3	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	70	60	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	450	295	160	0.7	0.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	565	495	70	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	40,385	19,450	20,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,315	9,605	8,710	45.4	49.4	41.6
Education	1,635	375	1,260	4.0	1.9	6.0
13. Education	1,635	375	1,260	4.0	1.9	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	605	240	370	1.5	1.2	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	50	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	525	180	345	1.3	0.9	1.6
Humanities	1,210	480	730	3.0	2.5	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	85	10	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	225	55	170	0.6	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	370	115	245	0.9	0.6	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	75	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	210	145	70	0.5	0.7	0.3
54. History	170	65	105	0.4	0.3	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,555	855	1,700	6.3	4.4	8.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	155	45	115	0.4	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	590	80	515	1.5	0.4	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	410	90	325	1.0	0.5	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	30	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
42. Psychology	445	150	295	1.1	0.8	1.4
45. Social sciences	870	465	405	2.2	2.4	1.9
Business, management and public administration	3,985	1,210	2,775	9.9	6.2	13.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	420	50	375	1.0	0.3	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,560	1,160	2,400	8.8	6.0	11.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	415	200	220	1.0	1.0	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	205	115	95	0.5	0.6	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	45	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	675	425	245	1.7	2.2	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	560	390	175	1.4	2.0	0.8
25. Library science	60	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,525	4,200	320	11.2	21.6	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	90	55	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	525	435	90	1.3	2.2	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	775	695	75	1.9	3.6	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,260	1,210	50	3.1	6.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,160	1,115	45	2.9	5.7	0.2
48. Precision production	715	690	25	1.8	3.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	645	355	290	1.6	1.8	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	465	230	240	1.2	1.2	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	175	130	50	0.4	0.7	0.2
Health and related fields	4,005	665	3,340	9.9	3.4	16.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	210	115	90	0.5	0.6	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,740	505	3,235	9.3	2.6	15.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,810	845	965	4.5	4.3	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,055	275	775	2.6	1.4	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	355	220	135	0.9	1.1	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	375	330	50	0.9	1.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	40,385	19,450	20,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,315	9,605	8,710	45.4	49.4	41.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	22,070	9,850	12,220	54.6	50.6	58.4
Location of study inside Canada	18,815	8,365	10,460	46.6	43.0	50.0
Same as province or territory of residence	15,660	6,785	8,875	38.8	34.9	42.4
Different than province or territory of residence	3,160	1,580	1,585	7.8	8.1	7.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,245	1,485	1,760	8.0	7.6	8.4
Americas	790	410	375	2.0	2.1	1.8
United States of America	565	320	250	1.4	1.6	1.2
Mexico	75	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	75	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	815	415	400	2.0	2.1	1.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germany	80	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	335	190	145	0.8	1.0	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	110	45	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Africa	175	95	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	50	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Asia	1,365	520	845	3.4	2.7	4.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	200	65	135	0.5	0.3	0.6
Taiwan	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	135	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Philippines	440	150	285	1.1	0.8	1.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
India	340	150	180	0.8	0.8	0.9
Pakistan	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	70	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	105	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australia	70	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	66,115	31,715	34,400	...	...	...
In the labour force	39,590	20,665	18,925	...	...	...
Employed	36,780	19,335	17,445	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,805	1,335	1,475	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	26,530	11,045	15,480	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.9	65.2	55.0	59.9	65.2	55.0
Employment rate	55.6	61.0	50.7	55.6	61.0	50.7
Unemployment rate	7.1	6.5	7.8	7.1	6.5	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	66,115	31,715	34,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,610	11,205	15,405	40.2	35.3	44.8
Worked	39,510	20,510	19,000	59.8	64.7	55.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	21,725	12,865	8,865	32.9	40.6	25.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	17,785	7,645	10,140	26.9	24.1	29.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	43.4	40.7	42.1	43.4	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	39,590	20,670	18,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	640	290	345	1.6	1.4	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	38,955	20,375	18,575	98.4	98.6	98.2
Employee	33,005	16,895	16,110	83.4	81.7	85.1
Permanent position	28,905	15,165	13,740	73.0	73.4	72.6
Temporary position	4,095	1,730	2,360	10.3	8.4	12.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,200	485	715	3.0	2.3	3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,890	1,245	1,645	7.3	6.0	8.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,950	3,480	2,465	15.0	16.8	13.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	39,590	20,670	18,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	640	290	345	1.6	1.4	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	38,955	20,375	18,575	98.4	98.6	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	300	230	70	0.8	1.1	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,500	1,410	4,090	13.9	6.8	21.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,775	1,415	360	4.5	6.8	1.9
3 Health occupations	2,875	485	2,385	7.3	2.3	12.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,345	1,835	3,515	13.5	8.9	18.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	925	350	570	2.3	1.7	3.0
6 Sales and service occupations	10,550	4,370	6,180	26.6	21.1	32.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,700	7,975	720	22.0	38.6	3.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,080	790	295	2.7	3.8	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,905	1,510	390	4.8	7.3	2.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	39,590	20,670	18,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	640	290	345	1.6	1.4	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	38,955	20,375	18,575	98.4	98.6	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	975	585	390	2.5	2.8	2.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	230	185	45	0.6	0.9	0.2
22 Utilities	160	135	25	0.4	0.7	0.1
23 Construction	4,470	3,905	565	11.3	18.9	3.0
31-33 Manufacturing	3,480	2,635	840	8.8	12.7	4.4
41 Wholesale trade	1,030	805	225	2.6	3.9	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	5,020	2,235	2,780	12.7	10.8	14.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,925	1,540	385	4.9	7.5	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	380	220	165	1.0	1.1	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,050	340	715	2.7	1.6	3.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	615	280	330	1.6	1.4	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,885	950	935	4.8	4.6	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,865	1,085	775	4.7	5.2	4.1
61 Educational services	2,840	835	2,005	7.2	4.0	10.6
62 Health care and social assistance	4,915	810	4,105	12.4	3.9	21.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	580	280	295	1.5	1.4	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	2,760	1,070	1,690	7.0	5.2	8.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,940	930	1,010	4.9	4.5	5.3
91 Public administration	2,785	1,515	1,270	7.0	7.3	6.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	42,535	22,070	20,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	41,545	21,570	19,980	97.7	97.7	97.7
French	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	165	120	50	0.4	0.5	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	165	115	50	0.4	0.5	0.2
English and French	230	85	145	0.5	0.4	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	525	270	255	1.2	1.2	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	42,535	22,070	20,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	42,405	22,015	20,385	99.7	99.8	99.6
Official languages	42,145	21,835	20,315	99.1	98.9	99.3
English	42,060	21,815	20,250	98.9	98.8	99.0
French	85	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	260	180	80	0.6	0.8	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	255	180	75	0.6	0.8	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	90	60	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	55	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	75	55	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	130	55	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and French	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	42,535	22,070	20,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	41,890	21,765	20,125	98.5	98.6	98.4
English	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
French	165	80	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	315	140	170	0.7	0.6	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	310	140	170	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	36,785	19,335	17,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,740	2,110	2,630	12.9	10.9	15.1
Worked outside Canada	70	55	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,645	4,895	1,755	18.1	25.3	10.1
Usual place of work	25,325	12,275	13,050	68.8	63.5	74.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	25,325	12,275	13,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,015	6,905	9,110	63.2	56.3	69.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,365	3,260	3,105	25.1	26.6	23.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,875	2,050	825	11.4	16.7	6.3
Commute to a different province or territory	70	60	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	31,970	17,170	14,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	29,145	15,880	13,260	91.2	92.5	89.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	26,700	14,740	11,955	83.5	85.8	80.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,440	1,135	1,305	7.6	6.6	8.8
Public transit	570	225	345	1.8	1.3	2.3
Walked	1,310	530	785	4.1	3.1	5.3
Bicycle	315	235	85	1.0	1.4	0.6
Other method	625	305	320	2.0	1.8	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	31,970	17,170	14,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,285	5,350	6,940	38.4	31.2	46.9
15 to 29 minutes	9,540	4,915	4,620	29.8	28.6	31.2
30 to 44 minutes	5,090	3,075	2,020	15.9	17.9	13.6
45 to 59 minutes	1,940	1,340	595	6.1	7.8	4.0
60 minutes and over	3,110	2,490	625	9.7	14.5	4.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	31,970	17,170	14,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,350	2,550	800	10.5	14.9	5.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,960	3,810	2,150	18.6	22.2	14.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,750	3,855	3,900	24.2	22.5	26.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,010	2,480	3,530	18.8	14.4	23.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,625	1,490	2,140	11.3	8.7	14.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,275	2,990	2,280	16.5	17.4	15.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,460	9,010	8,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	825	435	390	4.7	4.8	4.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,630	8,575	8,060	95.2	95.2	95.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,650	6,500	6,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	620	330	290	4.9	5.1	4.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	250	130	120	2.0	2.0	2.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	365	200	165	2.9	3.1	2.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,030	6,165	5,860	95.1	94.8	95.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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