Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Prince GeorgeMore information: British Columbia [Census agglomeration]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	89,490	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	86,622	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	39,207	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	36,799	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	17,650.99	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	89,490	44,815	44,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,105	7,755	7,350	16.9	17.3	16.5
0 to 4 years	4,435	2,235	2,200	5.0	5.0	4.9
5 to 9 years	5,130	2,645	2,485	5.7	5.9	5.6
10 to 14 years	5,535	2,870	2,665	6.2	6.4	6.0
15 to 64 years	59,770	30,075	29,695	66.8	67.1	66.5
15 to 19 years	5,220	2,725	2,495	5.8	6.1	5.6
20 to 24 years	5,835	2,995	2,840	6.5	6.7	6.4
25 to 29 years	6,495	3,315	3,180	7.3	7.4	7.1
30 to 34 years	6,365	3,230	3,135	7.1	7.2	7.0
35 to 39 years	6,280	3,125	3,155	7.0	7.0	7.1
40 to 44 years	5,560	2,760	2,795	6.2	6.2	6.3
45 to 49 years	5,625	2,800	2,825	6.3	6.2	6.3
50 to 54 years	5,835	2,880	2,955	6.5	6.4	6.6
55 to 59 years	6,375	3,150	3,230	7.1	7.0	7.2
60 to 64 years	6,180	3,085	3,095	6.9	6.9	6.9
65 years and over	14,620	6,990	7,630	16.3	15.6	17.1
65 to 69 years	5,070	2,485	2,585	5.7	5.5	5.8
70 to 74 years	4,040	1,980	2,065	4.5	4.4	4.6
75 to 79 years	2,690	1,300	1,385	3.0	2.9	3.1
80 to 84 years	1,585	735	850	1.8	1.6	1.9
85 years and over	1,225	480	745	1.4	1.1	1.7
85 to 89 years	815	335	480	0.9	0.7	1.1
90 to 94 years	320	125	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
95 to 99 years	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.9	17.3	16.5	16.9	17.3	16.5
15 to 64 years	66.8	67.1	66.5	66.8	67.1	66.5
65 years and over	16.3	15.6	17.1	16.3	15.6	17.1
85 years and over	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.4	1.1	1.7
Average age of the population	40.3	39.7	40.9	40.3	39.7	40.9
Median age of the population	39.6	38.8	40.4	39.6	38.8	40.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	36,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	22,935	...	...	62.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,300	...	...	3.5	...	...
Row house	1,850	...	...	5.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,505	...	...	6.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,740	...	...	12.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	575	...	...	1.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,855	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	36,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,365	...	...	28.2	...	...
2 persons	13,370	...	...	36.3	...	...
3 persons	5,560	...	...	15.1	...	...
4 persons	4,790	...	...	13.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,720	...	...	7.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	87,910	43,890	44,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	74,390	37,065	37,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	41,775	20,855	20,920	56.2	56.3	56.0
Married	32,085	16,020	16,065	43.1	43.2	43.0
Living common-law	9,685	4,835	4,855	13.0	13.0	13.0
Living common law - Never married	7,270	3,635	3,635	9.8	9.8	9.7
Living common law - Separated	545	285	260	0.7	0.8	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	1,670	840	830	2.2	2.3	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	200	75	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	32,615	16,210	16,410	43.8	43.7	44.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,775	12,220	9,550	29.3	33.0	25.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,425	1,075	1,345	3.3	2.9	3.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,625	2,015	2,610	6.2	5.4	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,800	895	2,905	5.1	2.4	7.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	24,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,760	...	...	55.1	...	...
3 persons	5,015	...	...	20.1	...	...
4 persons	4,410	...	...	17.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,775	...	...	7.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	24,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	20,495	...	...	82.1	...	...
Married couples	15,655	...	...	62.7	...	...
With children⁶	7,560	...	...	30.3	...	...
Without children	8,095	...	...	32.4	...	...
Common-law couples	4,840	...	...	19.4	...	...
With children⁶	1,890	...	...	7.6	...	...
Without children	2,955	...	...	11.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,455	...	...	17.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,360	...	...	13.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,100	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	87,910	43,890	44,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	69,675	34,485	35,195	79.3	78.6	79.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	40,990	20,460	20,535	46.6	46.6	46.6
Parents in one-parent families	4,455	1,100	3,355	5.1	2.5	7.6
Children⁶	24,225	12,930	11,300	27.6	29.5	25.7
In a two-parent family	17,365	9,195	8,170	19.8	21.0	18.6
In a one-parent family	6,855	3,730	3,130	7.8	8.5	7.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,240	9,405	8,835	20.7	21.4	20.1
Living alone	10,360	5,220	5,145	11.8	11.9	11.7
Living with other relatives⁷	2,420	1,130	1,285	2.8	2.6	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	5,455	3,055	2,405	6.2	7.0	5.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	36,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,530	...	...	58.5	...	...
Couple-family households	18,185	...	...	49.4	...	...
With children⁶	8,395	...	...	22.8	...	...
Without children	9,785	...	...	26.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,345	...	...	9.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	845	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	270	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,630	...	...	4.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,160	...	...	5.9	...	...
One-person households	10,365	...	...	28.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	72,900	36,200	36,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,600	35,090	35,510	96.8	96.9	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	55,600	38,400	45,600	55,600	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,635	35,110	35,525	96.9	97.0	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	48,800	35,600	40,800	48,800	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,905	32,045	30,860	86.3	88.5	84.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	52,800	32,000	41,200	52,800	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,595	27,295	25,305	72.1	75.4	69.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	58,000	35,200	45,200	58,000	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,550	26,640	30,905	78.9	73.6	84.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	9,000	10,000	9,500	9,000	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,940	3,950	3,990	10.9	10.9	10.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,640	5,520	5,480	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,520	8,480	9,040	24.0	23.4	24.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,000	8,000	7,500	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	72,855	36,185	36,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,520	35,095	35,430	96.8	97.0	96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,900	66,600	45,320	55,900	66,600	45,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,550	35,105	35,445	96.8	97.0	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,440	55,200	39,720	47,440	55,200	39,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,910	32,290	30,620	86.3	89.2	83.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,400	63,600	40,600	52,400	63,600	40,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,595	27,620	24,980	72.2	76.3	68.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,150	63,550	41,600	53,150	63,550	41,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,640	26,815	30,825	79.1	74.1	84.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,220	10,630	11,720	11,220	10,630	11,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,995	4,025	3,970	11.0	11.1	10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,880	6,430	7,350	6,880	6,430	7,350
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,625	8,600	9,020	24.2	23.8	24.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,180	7,780	8,550	8,180	7,780	8,550
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	72,855	36,185	36,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,355	14,620	10,730	34.8	40.4	29.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	79,000	58,400	69,000	79,000	58,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,700	84,800	63,250	75,700	84,800	63,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,290	9,465	10,825	27.8	26.2	29.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	29,400	19,800	23,400	29,400	19,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,920	44,240	26,760	34,920	44,240	26,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.6	87.8	77.4	83.6	87.8	77.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.8	75.0	64.8	70.8	75.0	64.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.4	12.2	22.5	16.4	12.2	22.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6	3.5	6.3	4.6	3.5	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	2.9	4.8	3.7	2.9	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	72,895	36,195	36,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,300	1,105	1,195	3.2	3.1	3.3
With total income	70,600	35,090	35,505	96.9	96.9	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,595	2,235	3,360	7.9	6.4	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	7,255	2,825	4,430	10.3	8.1	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	9,515	3,860	5,650	13.5	11.0	15.9
$30,000 to $39,999	8,630	3,600	5,025	12.2	10.3	14.2
$40,000 to $49,999	7,785	3,300	4,485	11.0	9.4	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	6,715	3,035	3,680	9.5	8.6	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,350	2,745	2,605	7.6	7.8	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,470	2,595	1,875	6.3	7.4	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,535	2,295	1,245	5.0	6.5	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,985	2,035	950	4.2	5.8	2.7
$100,000 and over	8,765	6,560	2,210	12.4	18.7	6.2
$100,000 to $149,999	6,525	4,790	1,740	9.2	13.7	4.9
$150,000 and over	2,240	1,770	470	3.2	5.0	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	72,895	36,195	36,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,265	1,090	1,175	3.1	3.0	3.2
With after-tax income	70,635	35,105	35,530	96.9	97.0	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,770	2,300	3,470	8.2	6.6	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,510	2,910	4,595	10.6	8.3	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	10,915	4,465	6,450	15.5	12.7	18.2
$30,000 to $39,999	10,160	4,310	5,845	14.4	12.3	16.5
$40,000 to $49,999	8,980	3,970	5,015	12.7	11.3	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	7,340	3,695	3,645	10.4	10.5	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,825	3,380	2,450	8.2	9.6	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,460	3,020	1,445	6.3	8.6	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,330	2,275	1,055	4.7	6.5	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,230	1,615	615	3.2	4.6	1.7
$100,000 and over	4,115	3,170	950	5.8	9.0	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	2,495	1,915	580	3.5	5.5	1.6
$125,000 and over	1,620	1,250	370	2.3	3.6	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	72,895	36,195	36,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,300	8,905	11,395	27.8	24.6	31.0
With employment income	52,600	27,290	25,305	72.2	75.4	69.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,750	2,575	3,175	10.9	9.4	12.5
$5,000 to $9,999	3,515	1,395	2,125	6.7	5.1	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	5,505	2,255	3,250	10.5	8.3	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	4,725	2,035	2,695	9.0	7.5	10.7
$30,000 to $39,999	4,580	1,915	2,665	8.7	7.0	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	4,500	1,895	2,605	8.6	6.9	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	4,330	1,980	2,350	8.2	7.3	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	3,875	2,065	1,810	7.4	7.6	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,370	2,055	1,315	6.4	7.5	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,925	1,980	945	5.6	7.3	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,485	1,695	785	4.7	6.2	3.1
$100,000 and over	7,030	5,445	1,590	13.4	20.0	6.3
$100,000 to $124,999	3,745	2,760	990	7.1	10.1	3.9
$125,000 and over	3,285	2,685	600	6.2	9.8	2.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	72,900	36,200	36,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,890	34,215	34,675	94.5	94.5	94.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	55,200	35,200	43,200	55,200	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,060	34,240	34,820	94.7	94.6	94.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	48,000	31,800	38,400	48,000	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,455	31,785	30,675	85.7	87.8	83.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	54,000	32,400	41,200	54,000	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	54,580	28,350	26,230	74.9	78.3	71.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	56,000	33,600	42,400	56,000	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,115	19,875	26,240	63.3	54.9	71.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,350	7,450	7,300	7,350	7,450	7,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,700	3,425	3,275	9.2	9.5	8.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	5,120	5,400	5,280	5,120	5,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	72,855	36,185	36,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,865	34,235	34,625	94.5	94.6	94.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,850	66,000	41,760	53,850	66,000	41,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,060	34,280	34,780	94.8	94.7	94.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,880	53,800	36,080	44,880	53,800	36,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,610	32,100	30,510	85.9	88.7	83.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400	64,700	39,480	52,400	64,700	39,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	54,585	28,605	25,980	74.9	79.1	70.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,350	62,300	39,360	51,350	62,300	39,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,085	19,605	26,480	63.3	54.2	72.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,240	9,440	9,100	9,240	9,440	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,890	3,485	3,405	9.5	9.6	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,420	7,000	7,860	7,420	7,000	7,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	72,855	36,185	36,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,230	14,545	10,675	34.6	40.2	29.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	76,500	53,600	65,500	76,500	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,100	82,300	58,350	72,100	82,300	58,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,350	9,035	10,320	26.6	25.0	28.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,200	35,600	23,600	28,200	35,600	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,240	50,160	29,720	39,240	50,160	29,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.6	91.8	83.4	88.6	91.8	83.4
Employment income (%)	75.6	78.8	70.8	75.6	78.8	70.8
Government transfers (%)	11.5	8.2	16.7	11.5	8.2	16.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.9	1.4	1.1	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	36,795	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,365	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	44,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	26,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	36,795	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,200	...	...	107,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,900	...	...	90,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,100	...	...	53,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,680	...	...	45,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	26,480	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,200	...	...	128,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,600	...	...	108,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	36,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	275	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	150	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	290	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	760	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,210	...	...	3.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,100	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,045	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,210	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,255	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,270	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,530	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,535	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,395	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,245	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,155	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,390	...	...	44.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,590	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,625	...	...	9.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,630	...	...	12.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,550	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	36,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	295	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	300	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	780	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,285	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,225	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,255	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,415	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,465	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,430	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,090	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,940	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,755	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,635	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,445	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,325	...	...	36.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,905	...	...	13.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,455	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,960	...	...	13.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	24,845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,520	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...	147,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,190	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,815	8,275	7,550	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	45,200	37,200	40,800	45,200	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	40,400	34,400	37,200	40,400	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	24,820	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,900	...	...	126,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,200	...	...	107,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,175	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,200	...	...	115,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,560	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	159,200	...	...	159,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,200	...	...	133,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,200	...	...	71,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,815	8,135	7,675	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,120	55,400	44,560	50,120	55,400	44,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,280	47,080	39,280	43,280	47,080	39,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	87,915	43,890	44,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,015	9,245	8,770	20.5	21.1	19.9
0 to 5 years	5,460	2,770	2,690	6.2	6.3	6.1
18 to 64 years	55,800	27,870	27,930	63.5	63.5	63.4
65 years and over	14,100	6,780	7,320	16.0	15.4	16.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,585	3,435	4,145	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,855	925	930	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	625	305	315	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,010	1,845	2,160	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,725	670	1,060	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.6	7.8	9.4	8.6	7.8	9.4
0 to 17 years (%)	10.3	10.0	10.6	10.3	10.0	10.6
0 to 5 years (%)	11.4	11.0	11.8	11.4	11.0	11.8
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2	6.6	7.7	7.2	6.6	7.7
65 years and over (%)	12.2	9.8	14.5	12.2	9.8	14.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	87,830	43,840	43,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,000	9,235	8,765	20.5	21.1	19.9
0 to 5 years	5,450	2,765	2,685	6.2	6.3	6.1
18 to 64 years	55,745	27,835	27,905	63.5	63.5	63.4
65 years and over	14,085	6,770	7,310	16.0	15.4	16.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,890	1,415	1,475	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	575	275	295	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	180	80	100	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,120	1,055	1,065	...	...	...
65 years and over	200	85	110	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2	3.0	3.4	3.2	3.0	3.4
0 to 5 years (%)	3.3	3.0	3.7	3.3	3.0	3.7
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	87,915	43,890	44,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	38,930	18,640	20,290	44.3	42.5	46.1
In bottom decile	7,760	3,595	4,165	8.8	8.2	9.5
In second decile	7,505	3,460	4,050	8.5	7.9	9.2
In third decile	7,760	3,700	4,055	8.8	8.4	9.2
In fourth decile	7,900	3,895	4,005	9.0	8.9	9.1
In fifth decile	8,015	3,995	4,020	9.1	9.1	9.1
In top half of the distribution	48,980	25,250	23,735	55.7	57.5	53.9
In sixth decile	9,175	4,615	4,560	10.4	10.5	10.4
In seventh decile	9,620	4,900	4,730	10.9	11.2	10.7
In eighth decile	10,265	5,295	4,970	11.7	12.1	11.3
In ninth decile	10,635	5,565	5,070	12.1	12.7	11.5
In top decile	9,280	4,875	4,405	10.6	11.1	10.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	87,910	...	...	87,910	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298	...	...	0.298	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.399	...	...	0.399	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.266	...	...	0.266	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	88,320	44,115	44,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	83,590	41,985	41,610	94.6	95.2	94.1
French only	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,320	1,970	2,350	4.9	4.5	5.3
Neither English nor French	390	155	230	0.4	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	88,320	44,115	44,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	87,030	43,490	43,540	98.5	98.6	98.5
French	835	435	405	0.9	1.0	0.9
English and French	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	370	145	230	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	88,320	44,115	44,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	86,640	43,335	43,310	98.1	98.2	98.0
Official languages	78,585	39,490	39,100	89.0	89.5	88.4
English	77,595	38,980	38,615	87.9	88.4	87.3
French	995	510	485	1.1	1.2	1.1
Non-official languages	8,055	3,845	4,215	9.1	8.7	9.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	185	70	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,875	3,775	4,100	8.9	8.6	9.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	765	295	470	0.9	0.7	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	75	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	585	230	360	0.7	0.5	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,580	2,735	2,850	6.3	6.2	6.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	735	340	395	0.8	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	725	340	385	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	175	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	145	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,320	615	705	1.5	1.4	1.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	850	395	455	1.0	0.9	1.0
German	805	365	435	0.9	0.8	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	335	160	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,660	1,355	1,310	3.0	3.1	3.0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,575	1,305	1,265	2.9	3.0	2.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	145	85	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,170	1,085	1,080	2.5	2.5	2.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	790	385	405	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	230	120	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	225	110	110	0.3	0.2	0.2
Romanian	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	295	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	225	105	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	560	255	305	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	560	255	300	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hakka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	265	120	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	250	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,680	780	900	1.9	1.8	2.0
English and French	240	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,250	575	680	1.4	1.3	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	145	65	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	88,320	44,115	44,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	79,805	40,095	39,710	90.4	90.9	89.8
French	140	65	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	1,770	860	910	2.0	1.9	2.1
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,760	855	905	2.0	1.9	2.0
English and French	635	280	355	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	5,665	2,660	3,005	6.4	6.0	6.8
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	150	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	88,320	44,115	44,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	87,025	43,510	43,515	98.5	98.6	98.4
Official languages	83,350	41,705	41,645	94.4	94.5	94.2
English	83,165	41,615	41,545	94.2	94.3	94.0
French	190	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	3,675	1,805	1,870	4.2	4.1	4.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,655	1,795	1,860	4.1	4.1	4.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	350	155	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	250	115	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,525	1,250	1,280	2.9	2.8	2.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	135	65	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
German	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,890	955	930	2.1	2.2	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,860	945	915	2.1	2.1	2.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,615	810	805	1.8	1.8	1.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	145	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	315	150	165	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	315	150	165	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,295	600	695	1.5	1.4	1.6
English and French	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,165	545	625	1.3	1.2	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	88,325	44,115	44,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	82,795	41,520	41,275	93.7	94.1	93.4
English	1,505	765	740	1.7	1.7	1.7
French	525	230	300	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	2,785	1,280	1,505	3.2	2.9	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	140	50	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	2,640	1,230	1,410	3.0	2.8	3.2
English and French	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	300	130	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	285	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	87,910	43,905	44,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	87,535	43,760	43,770	99.6	99.7	99.5
English	87,520	43,760	43,760	99.6	99.7	99.4
French	4,315	1,895	2,415	4.9	4.3	5.5
Non-official languages	11,495	5,345	6,145	13.1	12.2	14.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	480	195	285	0.5	0.4	0.6
Algonquian languages	135	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	285	105	180	0.3	0.2	0.4
Northern Athabaskan languages	285	105	180	0.3	0.2	0.4
Dakelh (Carrier)	230	75	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,030	5,155	5,875	12.5	11.7	13.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	140	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	165	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,105	385	720	1.3	0.9	1.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	120	30	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,045	350	700	1.2	0.8	1.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	165	115	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	70	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	40	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,790	3,750	4,040	8.9	8.5	9.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,060	520	540	1.2	1.2	1.2
Baltic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,050	510	540	1.2	1.2	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	205	110	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Russian	360	180	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	280	130	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	225	100	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Serbian	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	155	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,875	815	1,060	2.1	1.9	2.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,320	585	730	1.5	1.3	1.7
German	1,290	565	725	1.5	1.3	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	410	170	240	0.5	0.4	0.5
Afrikaans	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	230	95	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,345	1,700	1,640	3.8	3.9	3.7
Indo-Aryan languages	3,215	1,635	1,580	3.7	3.7	3.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	110	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	1,295	645	645	1.5	1.5	1.5
Kacchi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,670	1,355	1,315	3.0	3.1	3.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	125	70	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	125	70	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,570	745	825	1.8	1.7	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	320	160	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	370	180	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	900	410	485	1.0	0.9	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	210	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	360	180	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	105	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	200	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	180	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	730	355	380	0.8	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	730	355	380	0.8	0.8	0.9
Hakka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	470	220	250	0.5	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	280	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,910	43,905	44,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	13,095	6,295	6,805	14.9	14.3	15.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	12,665	6,070	6,595	14.4	13.8	15.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,335	3,410	3,920	8.3	7.8	8.9
Métis	5,265	2,625	2,645	6.0	6.0	6.0
Inuk (Inuit)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	250	145	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	180	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	74,815	37,610	37,205	85.1	85.7	84.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,910	43,905	44,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,445	2,550	2,900	6.2	5.8	6.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	82,465	41,355	41,110	93.8	94.2	93.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	36,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	26,190	...	...	71.2	...	...
Renter	10,575	...	...	28.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	36,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,410	...	...	6.5	...	...
Not condominium	34,390	...	...	93.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	36,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	235	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	2,965	...	...	8.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,000	...	...	21.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,450	...	...	31.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,150	...	...	38.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	36,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,150	...	...	22.1	...	...
5 rooms	5,295	...	...	14.4	...	...
6 rooms	5,040	...	...	13.7	...	...
7 rooms	4,445	...	...	12.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,875	...	...	37.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	36,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	36,425	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	375	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	36,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	35,525	...	...	96.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,270	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	36,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,670	...	...	10.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	18,080	...	...	49.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,250	...	...	11.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,585	...	...	15.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,090	...	...	3.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,425	...	...	3.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,030	...	...	2.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,665	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	36,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	34,335	...	...	93.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,465	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	36,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,385	...	...	50.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,510	...	...	44.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,905	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	36,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,485	...	...	4.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,970	...	...	16.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,360	...	...	17.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,590	...	...	17.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,330	...	...	19.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,590	...	...	15.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,715	...	...	7.4	...	...
85 years and over	755	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	31,065	...	...	85.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,435	...	...	14.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,940	...	...	13.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	36,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,425	...	...	22.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,835	...	...	13.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,030	...	...	2.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,845	...	...	5.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	100	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	480	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	28,370	...	...	77.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,350	...	...	6.5	...	...
Not in core need	33,650	...	...	93.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,010	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.4	...	...	63.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.3	...	...	9.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,322	...	...	1,322	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	416,400	...	...	416,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,570	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.2	...	...	11.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.6	...	...	28.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.6	...	...	16.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010	...	...	1,010	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,082	...	...	1,082	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	35	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	460	...	...	460	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	440	...	...	440	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	87,915	43,905	44,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,540	2,695	2,840	6.3	6.1	6.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	5,460	2,665	2,795	6.2	6.1	6.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,325	2,045	2,280	4.9	4.7	5.2
Métis single ancestry	1,125	610	510	1.3	1.4	1.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	8,035	3,750	4,285	9.1	8.5	9.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	7,635	3,540	4,090	8.7	8.1	9.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,865	2,205	2,655	5.5	5.0	6.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,720	1,310	1,415	3.1	3.0	3.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	395	210	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	390	210	180	0.4	0.5	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	74,350	37,460	36,885	84.6	85.3	83.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	87,915	43,905	44,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	83,620	41,800	41,820	95.1	95.2	95.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,715	9,075	8,645	20.2	20.7	19.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	65,910	32,730	33,180	75.0	74.5	75.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,295	2,105	2,185	4.9	4.8	5.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	87,915	43,905	44,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	77,685	39,035	38,645	88.4	88.9	87.8
Immigrants⁸¹	8,495	3,970	4,530	9.7	9.0	10.3
Before 1980	3,025	1,480	1,545	3.4	3.4	3.5
1980 to 1990	910	395	510	1.0	0.9	1.2
1991 to 2000	1,025	445	580	1.2	1.0	1.3
2001 to 2010	1,155	510	645	1.3	1.2	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,385	1,140	1,245	2.7	2.6	2.8
2011 to 2015	920	390	530	1.0	0.9	1.2
2016 to 2021	1,465	750	715	1.7	1.7	1.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,730	895	835	2.0	2.0	1.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,495	3,970	4,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,005	505	500	11.8	12.7	11.0
5 to 14 years	1,530	750	780	18.0	18.9	17.2
15 to 24 years	1,960	905	1,055	23.1	22.8	23.3
25 to 44 years	3,395	1,545	1,850	40.0	38.9	40.8
45 years and over	605	260	345	7.1	6.5	7.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,495	3,970	4,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,180	570	605	13.9	14.4	13.4
Brazil	40	25	15	0.5	0.6	0.3
Colombia	20	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
El Salvador	30	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.2
Guyana	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	90	55	40	1.1	1.4	0.9
Mexico	50	20	25	0.6	0.5	0.6
Peru	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	30	20	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
United States of America	750	350	400	8.8	8.8	8.8
Other places of birth in Americas	125	45	75	1.5	1.1	1.7
Europe	3,270	1,595	1,670	38.5	40.2	36.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Croatia	145	80	65	1.7	2.0	1.4
France	35	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Germany	505	220	285	5.9	5.5	6.3
Greece	20	15	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
Hungary	40	15	25	0.5	0.4	0.6
Italy	95	55	35	1.1	1.4	0.8
Netherlands	235	110	125	2.8	2.8	2.8
Poland	210	115	95	2.5	2.9	2.1
Portugal	170	80	85	2.0	2.0	1.9
Romania	40	25	20	0.5	0.6	0.4
Russian Federation	50	30	20	0.6	0.8	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Ukraine	85	20	60	1.0	0.5	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	970	505	465	11.4	12.7	10.3
Other places of birth in Europe	620	295	320	7.3	7.4	7.1
Africa	560	265	290	6.6	6.7	6.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Egypt	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	160	80	80	1.9	2.0	1.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	125	55	70	1.5	1.4	1.5
Other places of birth in Africa	235	115	120	2.8	2.9	2.6
Asia	3,310	1,435	1,880	39.0	36.1	41.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	80	40	40	0.9	1.0	0.9
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	275	120	150	3.2	3.0	3.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	70	35	35	0.8	0.9	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	115	50	65	1.4	1.3	1.4
Taiwan	60	20	35	0.7	0.5	0.8
Philippines	970	310	660	11.4	7.8	14.6
Viet Nam	90	30	60	1.1	0.8	1.3
Bangladesh	35	0	25	0.4	0.0	0.6
India	1,305	660	650	15.4	16.6	14.3
Pakistan	100	60	40	1.2	1.5	0.9
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	180	80	95	2.1	2.0	2.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	180	100	85	2.1	2.5	1.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,460	750	710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	185	105	80	12.7	14.0	11.3
Brazil	15	10	0	1.0	1.3	0.0
Colombia	20	10	0	1.4	1.3	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	25	20	2.7	3.3	2.8
Mexico	20	15	10	1.4	2.0	1.4
United States of America	70	35	35	4.8	4.7	4.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10	1.4	1.3	1.4
Europe	150	75	75	10.3	10.0	10.6
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	1.0	2.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	25	20	2.7	3.3	2.8
Other places of birth in Europe	60	20	45	4.1	2.7	6.3
Africa	195	85	110	13.4	11.3	15.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	105	45	55	7.2	6.0	7.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	15	1.7	1.3	2.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	25	25	3.1	3.3	3.5
Asia	920	475	445	63.0	63.3	62.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	10	20	2.4	1.3	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	505	280	225	34.6	37.3	31.7
Iran⁸⁸	30	15	15	2.1	2.0	2.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	15	2.7	2.7	2.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	50	25	25	3.4	3.3	3.5
Philippines	195	80	110	13.4	10.7	15.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	10	2.1	2.0	1.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.4
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	15	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	87,910	43,905	44,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,815	5,155	5,655	12.3	11.7	12.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	13,850	6,825	7,025	15.8	15.5	16.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	63,250	31,925	31,325	71.9	72.7	71.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,475	2,490	2,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,205	1,545	1,660	58.5	62.0	55.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,435	805	630	26.2	32.3	21.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,770	745	1,030	32.3	29.9	34.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,940	765	1,175	35.4	30.7	39.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	315	170	145	5.8	6.8	4.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,475	2,490	2,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	90	45	45	1.6	1.8	1.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	955	415	545	17.4	16.7	18.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	245	110	135	4.5	4.4	4.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	640	345	290	11.7	13.9	9.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	15	35	0.9	0.6	1.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,490	1,555	1,940	63.7	62.4	65.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	87,910	43,905	44,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,105	4,360	4,745	10.4	9.9	10.8
South Asian	3,900	2,010	1,895	4.4	4.6	4.3
Chinese	980	455	530	1.1	1.0	1.2
Black	1,155	575	580	1.3	1.3	1.3
Filipino	1,495	575	920	1.7	1.3	2.1
Arab	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	260	105	155	0.3	0.2	0.4
Southeast Asian	250	135	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	220	100	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japanese	255	145	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	245	95	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	78,805	39,545	39,260	89.6	90.1	89.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	87,915	43,905	44,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	12,615	6,575	6,040	14.3	15.0	13.7
English	21,975	10,620	11,365	25.0	24.2	25.8
Irish	14,435	6,835	7,600	16.4	15.6	17.3
Scottish	17,045	8,290	8,760	19.4	18.9	19.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,740	4,755	4,985	11.1	10.8	11.3
German	15,465	7,495	7,965	17.6	17.1	18.1
Chinese	1,110	470	645	1.3	1.1	1.5
Italian	2,775	1,420	1,355	3.2	3.2	3.1
Indian (India)	2,270	1,155	1,120	2.6	2.6	2.5
Ukrainian	5,325	2,630	2,700	6.1	6.0	6.1
Dutch	3,725	1,780	1,945	4.2	4.1	4.4
Polish	2,960	1,360	1,605	3.4	3.1	3.6
Québécois	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,995	1,465	1,530	3.4	3.3	3.5
Filipino	1,585	605	980	1.8	1.4	2.2
French Canadian	1,085	570	510	1.2	1.3	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,240	1,165	1,080	2.5	2.7	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,925	1,855	2,070	4.5	4.2	4.7
Métis	4,315	2,165	2,145	4.9	4.9	4.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,185	1,105	1,080	2.5	2.5	2.5
Russian	2,465	1,110	1,360	2.8	2.5	3.1
Norwegian	4,480	2,240	2,235	5.1	5.1	5.1
Welsh	2,235	980	1,255	2.5	2.2	2.9
Portuguese	910	430	485	1.0	1.0	1.1
American	1,800	885	920	2.0	2.0	2.1
Spanish	590	225	365	0.7	0.5	0.8
Swedish	3,290	1,500	1,795	3.7	3.4	4.1
Hungarian	1,090	530	560	1.2	1.2	1.3
Acadian	150	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	180	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	400	210	190	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jewish	210	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	885	485	400	1.0	1.1	0.9
Vietnamese	215	115	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	330	150	175	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jamaican	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	205	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,675	750	920	1.9	1.7	2.1
Korean	225	100	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	535	215	320	0.6	0.5	0.7
Lebanese	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	160	95	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	1,600	740	855	1.8	1.7	1.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,190	575	615	1.4	1.3	1.4
Sikh	585	340	245	0.7	0.8	0.6
Austrian	985	480	505	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belgian	350	185	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	140	65	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mexican	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	465	230	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swiss	830	465	365	0.9	1.1	0.8
Finnish	835	425	410	0.9	1.0	0.9
Sri Lankan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	590	275	320	0.7	0.6	0.7
Japanese	350	170	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	140	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	945	495	450	1.1	1.1	1.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	485	260	225	0.6	0.6	0.5
Colombian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	450	220	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	70	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	140	65	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	195	120	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	190	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	140	50	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australian	240	130	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	140	65	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	175	110	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Bulgarian	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albertan	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	110	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	175	70	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	135	45	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	150	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	560	300	260	0.6	0.7	0.6
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	95	70	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Byelorussian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	40	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	87,910	43,905	44,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	195	75	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian	29,955	13,665	16,290	34.1	31.1	37.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,220	3,860	4,355	9.4	8.8	9.9
Anabaptist	330	160	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anglican	2,030	875	1,160	2.3	2.0	2.6
Baptist	1,510	630	875	1.7	1.4	2.0
Catholic	10,120	4,735	5,385	11.5	10.8	12.2
Christian Orthodox	345	155	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	705	270	440	0.8	0.6	1.0
Latter Day Saints	425	215	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lutheran	1,055	455	590	1.2	1.0	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	90	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,050	465	585	1.2	1.1	1.3
Presbyterian	410	190	220	0.5	0.4	0.5
Reformed	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	2,120	915	1,205	2.4	2.1	2.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,450	665	785	1.6	1.5	1.8
Hindu	585	330	260	0.7	0.8	0.6
Jewish	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	540	265	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	2,415	1,250	1,165	2.7	2.8	2.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	720	265	455	0.8	0.6	1.0
No religion and secular perspectives	53,230	27,915	25,315	60.6	63.6	57.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	87,085	43,540	43,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	75,025	37,515	37,505	86.2	86.2	86.1
Movers	12,060	6,025	6,040	13.8	13.8	13.9
Non-migrants	9,140	4,590	4,545	10.5	10.5	10.4
Migrants	2,930	1,435	1,490	3.4	3.3	3.4
Internal migrants	2,640	1,305	1,335	3.0	3.0	3.1
Intraprovincial migrants	1,905	945	965	2.2	2.2	2.2
Interprovincial migrants	730	365	365	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	285	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	83,465	41,640	41,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	47,660	23,990	23,675	57.1	57.6	56.6
Movers	35,805	17,650	18,155	42.9	42.4	43.4
Non-migrants	19,390	9,620	9,770	23.2	23.1	23.4
Migrants	16,410	8,030	8,385	19.7	19.3	20.0
Internal migrants	14,075	6,805	7,265	16.9	16.3	17.4
Intraprovincial migrants	10,910	5,230	5,680	13.1	12.6	13.6
Interprovincial migrants	3,165	1,575	1,585	3.8	3.8	3.8
External migrants	2,340	1,220	1,120	2.8	2.9	2.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,855	36,185	36,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,720	8,280	6,435	20.2	22.9	17.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	58,140	27,905	30,235	79.8	77.1	82.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	48,090	23,865	24,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,685	4,005	2,675	13.9	16.8	11.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	41,405	19,855	21,550	86.1	83.2	89.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,855	36,190	36,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,575	6,715	5,855	17.3	18.6	16.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,495	11,750	12,740	33.6	32.5	34.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,790	17,725	18,070	49.1	49.0	49.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,070	12,530	10,540	31.7	34.6	28.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,130	6,760	1,370	11.2	18.7	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,680	1,760	915	3.7	4.9	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,450	4,995	455	7.5	13.8	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,355	5,160	8,195	18.3	14.3	22.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,590	615	975	2.2	1.7	2.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,715	5,190	7,530	17.5	14.3	20.5
Bachelor's degree	8,505	3,390	5,110	11.7	9.4	13.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	820	335	490	1.1	0.9	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	390	175	210	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	2,540	1,050	1,495	3.5	2.9	4.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	460	240	225	0.6	0.7	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	48,090	23,865	24,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,445	3,105	2,335	11.3	13.0	9.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,265	7,530	7,730	31.7	31.6	31.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,385	13,230	14,160	56.9	55.4	58.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,870	9,065	7,800	35.1	38.0	32.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,790	4,840	950	12.0	20.3	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,860	1,205	660	3.9	5.0	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,930	3,640	295	8.2	15.3	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,990	3,760	6,235	20.8	15.8	25.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,085	465	620	2.3	1.9	2.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,520	4,160	6,355	21.9	17.4	26.2
Bachelor's degree	7,005	2,725	4,280	14.6	11.4	17.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	625	245	375	1.3	1.0	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	335	135	200	0.7	0.6	0.8
Master's degree	2,190	870	1,320	4.6	3.6	5.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	365	180	185	0.8	0.8	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	72,855	36,190	36,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,065	18,465	18,600	50.9	51.0	50.7
Education	2,320	490	1,830	3.2	1.4	5.0
13. Education	2,320	490	1,830	3.2	1.4	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	560	205	355	0.8	0.6	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	505	160	345	0.7	0.4	0.9
Humanities	1,485	540	945	2.0	1.5	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	375	100	275	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	390	75	315	0.5	0.2	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	225	130	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	250	150	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,840	930	1,905	3.9	2.6	5.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	165	95	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	580	30	545	0.8	0.1	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	385	120	265	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	550	135	415	0.8	0.4	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,020	520	505	1.4	1.4	1.4
Business, management and public administration	6,975	2,180	4,795	9.6	6.0	13.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	855	165	690	1.2	0.5	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,115	2,020	4,100	8.4	5.6	11.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,310	645	670	1.8	1.8	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	690	310	375	0.9	0.9	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	275	125	150	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	280	185	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	845	515	325	1.2	1.4	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	705	440	265	1.0	1.2	0.7
25. Library science	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,605	9,075	530	13.2	25.1	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	790	680	105	1.1	1.9	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,795	1,630	170	2.5	4.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,680	2,590	95	3.7	7.2	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,925	2,865	60	4.0	7.9	0.2
48. Precision production	1,345	1,290	50	1.8	3.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,580	970	610	2.2	2.7	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	265	120	145	0.4	0.3	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,315	845	470	1.8	2.3	1.3
Health and related fields	6,190	1,090	5,095	8.5	3.0	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	295	145	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,750	895	4,855	7.9	2.5	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,070	1,065	1,005	2.8	2.9	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,235	325	920	1.7	0.9	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	240	180	60	0.3	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	590	560	30	0.8	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	48,090	23,865	24,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,705	10,635	10,065	43.1	44.6	41.5
Education	1,570	290	1,280	3.3	1.2	5.3
13. Education	1,570	290	1,280	3.3	1.2	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	425	145	275	0.9	0.6	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	390	130	265	0.8	0.5	1.1
Humanities	1,105	395	710	2.3	1.7	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	290	75	215	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	295	70	225	0.6	0.3	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	190	115	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,330	745	1,590	4.8	3.1	6.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	130	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	480	35	450	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	305	80	230	0.6	0.3	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	450	110	340	0.9	0.5	1.4
45. Social sciences	845	425	415	1.8	1.8	1.7
Business, management and public administration	5,325	1,590	3,735	11.1	6.7	15.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	735	140	595	1.5	0.6	2.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,585	1,450	3,135	9.5	6.1	12.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,075	490	585	2.2	2.1	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	595	250	335	1.2	1.0	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	205	70	135	0.4	0.3	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	235	150	85	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	720	460	260	1.5	1.9	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	605	390	215	1.3	1.6	0.9
25. Library science	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,060	6,615	445	14.7	27.7	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	645	550	95	1.3	2.3	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,390	1,245	145	2.9	5.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,935	1,860	75	4.0	7.8	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,075	2,025	55	4.3	8.5	0.2
48. Precision production	950	915	30	2.0	3.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,265	760	505	2.6	3.2	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	200	80	120	0.4	0.3	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,065	680	390	2.2	2.8	1.6
Health and related fields	4,885	880	4,005	10.2	3.7	16.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	225	115	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,545	730	3,815	9.5	3.1	15.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	45	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,610	845	770	3.3	3.5	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	930	245	685	1.9	1.0	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	225	165	65	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	455	430	20	0.9	1.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	48,090	23,865	24,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,705	10,635	10,065	43.1	44.6	41.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	27,390	13,230	14,155	57.0	55.4	58.4
Location of study inside Canada	24,590	11,980	12,610	51.1	50.2	52.1
Same as province or territory of residence	20,635	9,980	10,655	42.9	41.8	44.0
Different than province or territory of residence	3,955	1,995	1,960	8.2	8.4	8.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,795	1,250	1,545	5.8	5.2	6.4
Americas	475	220	255	1.0	0.9	1.1
United States of America	400	185	210	0.8	0.8	0.9
Mexico	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Brazil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	645	290	350	1.3	1.2	1.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	80	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	270	125	145	0.6	0.5	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	120	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Africa	195	95	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,400	600	805	2.9	2.5	3.3
Iran⁸⁸	45	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	60	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	490	155	335	1.0	0.6	1.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	660	325	330	1.4	1.4	1.4
Pakistan	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Australia	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	72,855	36,190	36,665	...	...	...
In the labour force	48,145	25,405	22,740	...	...	...
Employed	43,810	23,000	20,810	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,335	2,400	1,935	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	24,710	10,785	13,925	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.1	70.2	62.0	66.1	70.2	62.0
Employment rate	60.1	63.6	56.8	60.1	63.6	56.8
Unemployment rate	9.0	9.4	8.5	9.0	9.4	8.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	72,855	36,190	36,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	25,300	11,140	14,160	34.7	30.8	38.6
Worked	47,555	25,050	22,505	65.3	69.2	61.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	25,935	14,955	10,980	35.6	41.3	29.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	21,620	10,100	11,525	29.7	27.9	31.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	42.9	40.7	41.9	42.9	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	48,145	25,400	22,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,090	535	550	2.3	2.1	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	47,055	24,865	22,195	97.7	97.9	97.6
Employee	41,700	21,765	19,935	86.6	85.7	87.6
Permanent position	35,485	18,990	16,500	73.7	74.8	72.5
Temporary position	6,210	2,780	3,435	12.9	10.9	15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,580	620	960	3.3	2.4	4.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,635	2,155	2,475	9.6	8.5	10.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,355	3,095	2,255	11.1	12.2	9.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	48,145	25,400	22,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,090	535	550	2.3	2.1	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	47,055	24,865	22,195	97.7	97.9	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	360	255	105	0.7	1.0	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,940	1,610	5,325	14.4	6.3	23.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,900	2,200	700	6.0	8.7	3.1
3 Health occupations	3,835	725	3,105	8.0	2.9	13.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,065	1,825	4,235	12.6	7.2	18.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	830	285	540	1.7	1.1	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	11,580	4,805	6,775	24.1	18.9	29.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,020	10,185	835	22.9	40.1	3.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,395	1,050	340	2.9	4.1	1.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,140	1,915	225	4.4	7.5	1.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	48,145	25,400	22,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,090	535	550	2.3	2.1	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	47,055	24,865	22,195	97.7	97.9	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,865	1,405	460	3.9	5.5	2.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	585	490	100	1.2	1.9	0.4
22 Utilities	430	280	150	0.9	1.1	0.7
23 Construction	4,370	3,670	695	9.1	14.4	3.1
31-33 Manufacturing	3,655	3,080	570	7.6	12.1	2.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,790	1,430	365	3.7	5.6	1.6
44-45 Retail trade	5,435	2,560	2,870	11.3	10.1	12.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,095	2,525	575	6.4	9.9	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	595	255	340	1.2	1.0	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	1,060	325	735	2.2	1.3	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	635	290	345	1.3	1.1	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,240	1,165	1,080	4.7	4.6	4.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,445	850	590	3.0	3.3	2.6
61 Educational services	3,610	995	2,615	7.5	3.9	11.5
62 Health care and social assistance	6,890	1,275	5,615	14.3	5.0	24.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	725	300	420	1.5	1.2	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	3,185	1,335	1,850	6.6	5.3	8.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,335	1,205	1,135	4.8	4.7	5.0
91 Public administration	3,070	1,425	1,645	6.4	5.6	7.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	51,330	27,045	24,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	50,605	26,755	23,850	98.6	98.9	98.2
French	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	75	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	235	85	150	0.5	0.3	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	370	150	215	0.7	0.6	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	51,330	27,045	24,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	51,275	27,030	24,240	99.9	99.9	99.8
Official languages	51,145	26,960	24,190	99.6	99.7	99.6
English	51,080	26,955	24,120	99.5	99.7	99.3
French	65	0	65	0.1	0.0	0.3
Non-official languages	125	70	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	51,330	27,045	24,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	50,765	26,825	23,935	98.9	99.2	98.6
English	85	25	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
French	190	75	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-official language	245	115	130	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	225	100	125	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	43,810	23,000	20,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,515	2,165	3,345	12.6	9.4	16.1
Worked outside Canada	45	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	6,700	5,160	1,540	15.3	22.4	7.4
Usual place of work	31,555	15,645	15,905	72.0	68.0	76.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,550	15,645	15,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,435	12,740	13,695	83.8	81.4	86.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,190	2,190	1,995	13.3	14.0	12.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	800	610	185	2.5	3.9	1.2
Commute to a different province or territory	130	105	30	0.4	0.7	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	38,250	20,800	17,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	34,785	19,100	15,690	90.9	91.8	89.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,445	18,140	14,300	84.8	87.2	82.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,345	960	1,385	6.1	4.6	7.9
Public transit	1,100	460	640	2.9	2.2	3.7
Walked	1,350	600	750	3.5	2.9	4.3
Bicycle	270	195	75	0.7	0.9	0.4
Other method	740	450	290	1.9	2.2	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	38,250	20,800	17,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	17,000	8,325	8,675	44.4	40.0	49.7
15 to 29 minutes	15,910	8,855	7,055	41.6	42.6	40.4
30 to 44 minutes	3,015	1,855	1,165	7.9	8.9	6.7
45 to 59 minutes	745	490	260	1.9	2.4	1.5
60 minutes and over	1,580	1,280	295	4.1	6.2	1.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	38,250	20,800	17,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,430	1,935	495	6.4	9.3	2.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,395	4,175	2,225	16.7	20.1	12.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,640	5,735	4,905	27.8	27.6	28.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,845	3,670	5,175	23.1	17.6	29.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,900	1,605	2,300	10.2	7.7	13.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,030	3,675	2,355	15.8	17.7	13.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,375	9,435	8,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,000	505	495	5.4	5.4	5.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,375	8,930	8,445	94.6	94.6	94.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,610	7,025	6,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	775	385	390	5.7	5.5	5.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	435	210	235	3.2	3.0	3.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	340	180	160	2.5	2.6	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,830	6,640	6,190	94.3	94.5	94.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table