Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	QuesnelMore information: British Columbia [Census agglomeration]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	23,113	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	23,146	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.1	...	...	- 0.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	10,943	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	10,156	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.1	...	...	1.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	21,708.62	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	23,120	11,645	11,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	3,660	1,900	1,760	15.8	16.3	15.3
0 to 4 years	1,010	515	495	4.4	4.4	4.3
5 to 9 years	1,195	620	575	5.2	5.3	5.0
10 to 14 years	1,450	760	690	6.3	6.5	6.0
15 to 64 years	14,255	7,170	7,080	61.7	61.6	61.7
15 to 19 years	1,215	625	590	5.3	5.4	5.1
20 to 24 years	1,050	550	505	4.5	4.7	4.4
25 to 29 years	1,205	615	590	5.2	5.3	5.1
30 to 34 years	1,265	625	640	5.5	5.4	5.6
35 to 39 years	1,350	655	690	5.8	5.6	6.0
40 to 44 years	1,285	660	630	5.6	5.7	5.5
45 to 49 years	1,410	700	715	6.1	6.0	6.2
50 to 54 years	1,590	770	820	6.9	6.6	7.1
55 to 59 years	1,890	975	905	8.2	8.4	7.9
60 to 64 years	1,995	985	1,005	8.6	8.5	8.8
65 years and over	5,215	2,580	2,630	22.6	22.2	22.9
65 to 69 years	1,795	895	900	7.8	7.7	7.8
70 to 74 years	1,500	775	730	6.5	6.7	6.4
75 to 79 years	890	455	435	3.8	3.9	3.8
80 to 84 years	565	265	300	2.4	2.3	2.6
85 years and over	460	200	260	2.0	1.7	2.3
85 to 89 years	305	140	165	1.3	1.2	1.4
90 to 94 years	115	45	75	0.5	0.4	0.7
95 to 99 years	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.8	16.3	15.3	15.8	16.3	15.3
15 to 64 years	61.7	61.6	61.7	61.7	61.6	61.7
65 years and over	22.6	22.2	22.9	22.6	22.2	22.9
85 years and over	2.0	1.7	2.3	2.0	1.7	2.3
Average age of the population	44.3	43.9	44.7	44.3	43.9	44.7
Median age of the population	46.8	46.4	47.2	46.8	46.4	47.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	10,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	7,170	...	...	70.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	210	...	...	2.1	...	...
Row house	300	...	...	3.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	205	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,065	...	...	10.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	40	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,165	...	...	11.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	10,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,130	...	...	30.8	...	...
2 persons	4,010	...	...	39.5	...	...
3 persons	1,345	...	...	13.2	...	...
4 persons	1,000	...	...	9.8	...	...
5 or more persons	665	...	...	6.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	22,900	11,545	11,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	19,460	9,750	9,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	11,485	5,735	5,750	59.0	58.8	59.2
Married	8,720	4,365	4,360	44.8	44.8	44.9
Living common-law	2,760	1,375	1,390	14.2	14.1	14.3
Living common law - Never married	1,875	925	950	9.6	9.5	9.8
Living common law - Separated	175	95	80	0.9	1.0	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	615	320	295	3.2	3.3	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	95	35	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	7,980	4,010	3,965	41.0	41.1	40.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,590	2,625	1,970	23.6	26.9	20.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	660	305	350	3.4	3.1	3.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,480	730	750	7.6	7.5	7.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,250	355	890	6.4	3.6	9.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	4,080	...	...	60.2	...	...
3 persons	1,300	...	...	19.2	...	...
4 persons	930	...	...	13.7	...	...
5 or more persons	475	...	...	7.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	5,665	...	...	83.5	...	...
Married couples	4,280	...	...	63.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,695	...	...	25.0	...	...
Without children	2,585	...	...	38.1	...	...
Common-law couples	1,380	...	...	20.3	...	...
With children⁶	550	...	...	8.1	...	...
Without children	830	...	...	12.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,125	...	...	16.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	790	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	330	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	22,900	11,545	11,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	18,335	9,180	9,160	80.1	79.5	80.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	11,320	5,645	5,680	49.4	48.9	50.0
Parents in one-parent families	1,120	330	795	4.9	2.9	7.0
Children⁶	5,890	3,200	2,690	25.7	27.7	23.7
In a two-parent family	4,155	2,215	1,940	18.1	19.2	17.1
In a one-parent family	1,740	985	750	7.6	8.5	6.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,565	2,365	2,200	19.9	20.5	19.4
Living alone	3,125	1,610	1,520	13.6	13.9	13.4
Living with other relatives⁷	520	245	275	2.3	2.1	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	920	510	405	4.0	4.4	3.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	10,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	6,055	...	...	59.6	...	...
Couple-family households	5,175	...	...	51.0	...	...
With children⁶	2,020	...	...	19.9	...	...
Without children	3,155	...	...	31.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	880	...	...	8.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	200	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	55	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	315	...	...	3.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	405	...	...	4.0	...	...
One-person households	3,130	...	...	30.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	19,240	9,650	9,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,610	9,335	9,270	96.7	96.7	96.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	46,000	31,000	37,200	46,000	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,620	9,345	9,275	96.8	96.8	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	41,600	29,400	34,800	41,600	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,750	8,220	7,535	81.9	85.2	78.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	40,800	23,000	30,800	40,800	23,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,205	6,475	5,725	63.4	67.1	59.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	50,000	26,400	35,200	50,000	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,990	7,715	8,270	83.1	79.9	86.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	13,000	12,600	12,800	13,000	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,315	1,240	1,070	12.0	12.8	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,930	2,570	2,360	25.6	26.6	24.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	19,255	9,655	9,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,635	9,355	9,280	96.8	96.9	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,960	58,250	37,560	47,960	58,250	37,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,640	9,360	9,280	96.8	96.9	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,480	49,040	33,840	41,480	49,040	33,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,735	8,240	7,495	81.7	85.3	78.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,360	53,800	31,880	43,360	53,800	31,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,210	6,450	5,760	63.4	66.8	60.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,960	56,600	34,000	45,960	56,600	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,925	7,660	8,260	82.7	79.3	86.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,280	13,260	13,300	13,280	13,260	13,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,440	1,270	1,175	12.7	13.2	12.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,400	6,130	6,680	6,400	6,130	6,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,970	2,560	2,415	25.8	26.5	25.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,590	8,280	8,910	8,590	8,280	8,910
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	19,255	9,655	9,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,800	2,785	2,015	24.9	28.8	21.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,500	79,500	52,400	67,500	79,500	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,600	84,700	55,800	72,600	84,700	55,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,275	2,580	2,695	27.4	26.7	28.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	27,200	18,400	21,600	27,200	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,840	40,240	23,800	31,840	40,240	23,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.4	81.4	68.4	76.4	81.4	68.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.8	67.0	56.2	62.8	67.0	56.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.7	18.6	31.5	23.7	18.6	31.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.4	2.3	1.8	1.4	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.1	4.8	8.2	6.1	4.8	8.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	3.9	6.2	4.8	3.9	6.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	19,245	9,645	9,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	635	310	325	3.3	3.2	3.4
With total income	18,610	9,340	9,270	96.7	96.8	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,685	605	1,075	9.1	6.5	11.6
$10,000 to $19,999	2,490	955	1,540	13.4	10.2	16.6
$20,000 to $29,999	3,180	1,340	1,840	17.1	14.3	19.8
$30,000 to $39,999	2,585	1,210	1,380	13.9	13.0	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	2,005	885	1,120	10.8	9.5	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	1,425	710	715	7.7	7.6	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	1,115	620	495	6.0	6.6	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	990	645	345	5.3	6.9	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	750	520	230	4.0	5.6	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	600	415	180	3.2	4.4	1.9
$100,000 and over	1,780	1,440	345	9.6	15.4	3.7
$100,000 to $149,999	1,460	1,155	310	7.8	12.4	3.3
$150,000 and over	320	285	40	1.7	3.1	0.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	19,245	9,645	9,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	620	300	320	3.2	3.1	3.3
With after-tax income	18,620	9,340	9,275	96.8	96.8	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,735	625	1,110	9.3	6.7	12.0
$10,000 to $19,999	2,565	980	1,585	13.8	10.5	17.1
$20,000 to $29,999	3,585	1,505	2,075	19.3	16.1	22.4
$30,000 to $39,999	2,930	1,375	1,550	15.7	14.7	16.7
$40,000 to $49,999	2,085	990	1,100	11.2	10.6	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	1,535	850	690	8.2	9.1	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	1,280	830	455	6.9	8.9	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	920	660	260	4.9	7.1	2.8
$80,000 to $89,999	735	545	195	3.9	5.8	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	530	405	130	2.8	4.3	1.4
$100,000 and over	715	590	125	3.8	6.3	1.3
$100,000 to $124,999	490	400	95	2.6	4.3	1.0
$125,000 and over	230	195	30	1.2	2.1	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	19,245	9,645	9,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	7,040	3,175	3,870	36.6	32.9	40.3
With employment income	12,200	6,475	5,725	63.4	67.1	59.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,870	865	1,005	15.3	13.4	17.6
$5,000 to $9,999	895	370	525	7.3	5.7	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	1,470	610	855	12.0	9.4	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	1,225	490	730	10.0	7.6	12.8
$30,000 to $39,999	1,095	470	630	9.0	7.3	11.0
$40,000 to $49,999	920	425	495	7.5	6.6	8.6
$50,000 to $59,999	820	425	400	6.7	6.6	7.0
$60,000 to $69,999	760	465	295	6.2	7.2	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	740	485	255	6.1	7.5	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	575	395	180	4.7	6.1	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	475	350	125	3.9	5.4	2.2
$100,000 and over	1,355	1,135	220	11.1	17.5	3.8
$100,000 to $124,999	835	665	165	6.8	10.3	2.9
$125,000 and over	525	465	60	4.3	7.2	1.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	19,240	9,650	9,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,195	9,145	9,050	94.6	94.8	94.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	47,200	27,400	35,200	47,200	27,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,250	9,150	9,100	94.9	94.8	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	42,000	25,800	32,400	42,000	25,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,755	8,225	7,535	81.9	85.2	78.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	45,200	24,400	32,400	45,200	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,985	6,890	6,095	67.5	71.4	63.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	50,800	25,800	34,800	50,800	25,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,275	6,040	7,235	69.0	62.6	75.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,000	11,800	9,300	10,000	11,800	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,995	1,045	950	10.4	10.8	9.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,680	6,550	5,000	5,680	6,550	5,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	19,255	9,655	9,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,195	9,145	9,050	94.5	94.7	94.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,040	58,750	35,200	47,040	58,750	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,275	9,145	9,135	94.9	94.7	95.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,720	48,480	30,920	39,720	48,480	30,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,775	8,250	7,525	81.9	85.4	78.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,080	56,550	32,480	45,080	56,550	32,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,030	6,880	6,150	67.7	71.3	64.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	57,550	33,080	46,000	57,550	33,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,275	6,040	7,235	68.9	62.6	75.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,920	11,730	10,240	10,920	11,730	10,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,185	1,130	1,055	11.3	11.7	11.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,580	7,760	7,380	7,580	7,760	7,380
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	19,255	9,655	9,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,790	2,770	2,020	24.9	28.7	21.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	79,000	47,600	66,500	79,000	47,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,800	86,000	52,400	71,800	86,000	52,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,065	2,465	2,600	26.3	25.5	27.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	39,200	21,200	25,600	39,200	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,240	47,200	27,800	37,240	47,200	27,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.0	86.8	76.8	83.0	86.8	76.8
Employment income (%)	70.0	73.6	63.9	70.0	73.6	63.9
Government transfers (%)	17.0	13.2	23.3	17.0	13.2	23.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.6	2.4	1.9	1.6	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	10,160	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,125	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	7,030	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	10,160	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,100	...	...	76,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,760	...	...	45,760	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,200	...	...	40,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	7,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,600	...	...	106,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,900	...	...	91,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	10,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	75	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	105	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	265	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	570	...	...	5.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	390	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	470	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	490	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	450	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	460	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	810	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	745	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	690	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	625	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	510	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,440	...	...	33.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,155	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	855	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	915	...	...	9.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	515	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	10,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	80	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	100	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	285	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	590	...	...	5.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	460	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	520	...	...	5.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	530	...	...	5.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	490	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	515	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	920	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	885	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	765	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	690	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	610	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,645	...	...	26.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,155	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	720	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	770	...	...	7.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	6,725	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,200	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,050	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,045	2,115	1,925	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	38,400	31,800	34,800	38,400	31,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	35,200	30,000	32,400	35,200	30,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	6,705	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,400	...	...	106,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,600	...	...	91,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,300	...	...	94,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,500	...	...	81,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,600	...	...	139,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,700	...	...	117,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,060	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,200	...	...	70,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,200	...	...	64,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,080	2,140	1,940	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,080	48,200	39,480	44,080	48,200	39,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,880	41,560	35,880	38,880	41,560	35,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	22,900	11,545	11,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,450	2,300	2,150	19.4	19.9	18.9
0 to 5 years	1,245	640	605	5.4	5.5	5.3
18 to 64 years	13,395	6,720	6,670	58.5	58.2	58.7
65 years and over	5,055	2,520	2,535	22.1	21.8	22.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,070	1,450	1,625	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	625	320	305	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	205	100	100	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,520	740	785	...	...	...
65 years and over	925	395	535	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.4	12.6	14.3	13.4	12.6	14.3
0 to 17 years (%)	14.1	13.9	14.3	14.1	13.9	14.3
0 to 5 years (%)	16.2	16.0	16.4	16.2	16.0	16.4
18 to 64 years (%)	11.4	11.0	11.7	11.4	11.0	11.7
65 years and over (%)	18.3	15.5	21.1	18.3	15.5	21.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	22,650	11,415	11,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,365	2,260	2,105	19.3	19.8	18.7
0 to 5 years	1,215	630	580	5.4	5.5	5.2
18 to 64 years	13,255	6,645	6,615	58.5	58.2	58.9
65 years and over	5,030	2,510	2,515	22.2	22.0	22.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	600	300	300	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	115	65	55	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	20	5	10	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	410	210	205	...	...	...
65 years and over	70	25	40	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.7
0 to 17 years (%)	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6	1.2	2.0	1.6	1.2	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.0
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	22,900	11,545	11,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	12,735	6,225	6,510	55.6	53.9	57.3
In bottom decile	2,795	1,340	1,460	12.2	11.6	12.9
In second decile	2,720	1,285	1,435	11.9	11.1	12.6
In third decile	2,660	1,310	1,355	11.6	11.3	11.9
In fourth decile	2,310	1,155	1,150	10.1	10.0	10.1
In fifth decile	2,250	1,130	1,115	9.8	9.8	9.8
In top half of the distribution	10,165	5,320	4,845	44.4	46.1	42.7
In sixth decile	2,315	1,185	1,130	10.1	10.3	10.0
In seventh decile	2,235	1,180	1,055	9.8	10.2	9.3
In eighth decile	2,125	1,125	1,005	9.3	9.7	8.9
In ninth decile	2,015	1,055	960	8.8	9.1	8.5
In top decile	1,475	775	695	6.4	6.7	6.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	22,900	...	...	22,900	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.309	...	...	0.309	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.454	...	...	0.454	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276	...	...	0.276	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	23,000	11,595	11,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	22,220	11,245	10,975	96.6	97.0	96.2
French only	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	725	325	405	3.2	2.8	3.6
Neither English nor French	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	23,000	11,595	11,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	22,770	11,485	11,290	99.0	99.1	99.0
French	170	85	85	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Neither English nor French	35	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	23,000	11,595	11,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	22,745	11,465	11,285	98.9	98.9	98.9
Official languages	21,540	10,945	10,600	93.7	94.4	92.9
English	21,340	10,840	10,500	92.8	93.5	92.1
French	205	105	100	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-official languages	1,200	520	685	5.2	4.5	6.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	75	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern Athabaskan languages	60	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Dakelh (Carrier)	50	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,125	490	635	4.9	4.2	5.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	135	40	100	0.6	0.3	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	120	35	90	0.5	0.3	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	850	390	460	3.7	3.4	4.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	95	45	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	95	40	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	385	165	220	1.7	1.4	1.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	255	100	155	1.1	0.9	1.4
German	220	85	140	1.0	0.7	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	50	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	235	125	110	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	230	125	110	1.0	1.1	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	205	110	100	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	130	55	80	0.6	0.5	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	255	130	125	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	60	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	180	90	85	0.8	0.8	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	23,000	11,595	11,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	21,840	11,045	10,800	95.0	95.3	94.7
French	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	210	105	105	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	210	105	105	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	95	50	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	800	375	425	3.5	3.2	3.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	23,000	11,595	11,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	22,835	11,510	11,325	99.3	99.3	99.3
Official languages	22,400	11,290	11,105	97.4	97.4	97.4
English	22,385	11,290	11,095	97.3	97.4	97.3
French	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-official languages	440	220	225	1.9	1.9	2.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	440	215	220	1.9	1.9	1.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	300	155	145	1.3	1.3	1.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	75	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	170	90	80	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	170	90	75	0.7	0.8	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	160	85	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	160	85	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	145	75	75	0.6	0.6	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	23,000	11,595	11,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	22,200	11,220	10,980	96.5	96.8	96.3
English	195	95	100	0.8	0.8	0.9
French	85	45	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	440	200	240	1.9	1.7	2.1
Indigenous³⁹	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	390	175	220	1.7	1.5	1.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	22,900	11,540	11,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	22,855	11,530	11,325	99.8	99.9	99.7
English	22,845	11,530	11,325	99.8	99.9	99.7
French	715	285	430	3.1	2.5	3.8
Non-official languages	1,845	815	1,030	8.1	7.1	9.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	210	95	115	0.9	0.8	1.0
Algonquian languages	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	170	75	90	0.7	0.6	0.8
Northern Athabaskan languages	170	75	90	0.7	0.6	0.8
Dakelh (Carrier)	145	70	75	0.6	0.6	0.7
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,665	720	940	7.3	6.2	8.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	155	45	110	0.7	0.4	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	145	40	105	0.6	0.3	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,245	560	680	5.4	4.9	6.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	50	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	100	50	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	555	235	325	2.4	2.0	2.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	335	135	200	1.5	1.2	1.8
German	320	130	190	1.4	1.1	1.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	170	80	100	0.7	0.7	0.9
Afrikaans	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dutch	110	50	55	0.5	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swedish	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	270	135	135	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	270	135	135	1.2	1.2	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	140	70	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	240	115	125	1.0	1.0	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	350	155	195	1.5	1.3	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	80	20	55	0.3	0.2	0.5
Portuguese	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	230	110	115	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	60	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,900	11,540	11,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,235	1,610	1,625	14.1	14.0	14.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,025	1,515	1,505	13.2	13.1	13.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,755	880	875	7.7	7.6	7.7
Métis	1,260	630	625	5.5	5.5	5.5
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	150	70	80	0.7	0.6	0.7
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	60	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	19,670	9,930	9,740	85.9	86.0	85.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,900	11,540	11,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,160	555	610	5.1	4.8	5.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	21,740	10,990	10,750	94.9	95.2	94.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	10,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	7,625	...	...	75.0	...	...
Renter	2,460	...	...	24.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	75	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	10,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	200	...	...	2.0	...	...
Not condominium	9,955	...	...	98.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	10,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	50	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	905	...	...	8.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,720	...	...	26.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,490	...	...	34.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,995	...	...	29.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	10,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,265	...	...	22.3	...	...
5 rooms	1,830	...	...	18.0	...	...
6 rooms	1,630	...	...	16.0	...	...
7 rooms	1,280	...	...	12.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,150	...	...	31.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	10,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	10,055	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	100	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	10,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	9,865	...	...	97.1	...	...
Not suitable	300	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	10,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,285	...	...	12.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,705	...	...	46.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,555	...	...	15.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,535	...	...	15.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	260	...	...	2.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	335	...	...	3.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	245	...	...	2.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	235	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	10,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	9,165	...	...	90.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	990	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	10,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	5,690	...	...	56.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,170	...	...	41.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	295	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	10,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	265	...	...	2.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,085	...	...	10.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,470	...	...	14.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,665	...	...	16.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,310	...	...	22.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,075	...	...	20.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,005	...	...	9.9	...	...
85 years and over	275	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	9,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	8,635	...	...	87.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,245	...	...	12.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,160	...	...	11.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	10,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,315	...	...	22.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,070	...	...	10.5	...	...
Not suitable only	230	...	...	2.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	805	...	...	7.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	150	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	7,845	...	...	77.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	9,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	605	...	...	6.2	...	...
Not in core need	9,190	...	...	93.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,450	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.5	...	...	52.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.9	...	...	7.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	685	...	...	685	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	886	...	...	886	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	311,600	...	...	311,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,445	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.3	...	...	12.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.8	...	...	26.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.9	...	...	15.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	850	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	885	...	...	885	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	75	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	168	...	...	168	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	250	...	...	250	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	22,900	11,545	11,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,320	615	710	5.8	5.3	6.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,300	605	700	5.7	5.2	6.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,005	480	520	4.4	4.2	4.6
Métis single ancestry	290	115	175	1.3	1.0	1.5
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,275	1,155	1,125	9.9	10.0	9.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,205	1,130	1,080	9.6	9.8	9.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,590	795	800	6.9	6.9	7.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	610	330	275	2.7	2.9	2.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	30	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	19,305	9,775	9,525	84.3	84.7	83.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	22,900	11,545	11,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	22,340	11,340	10,995	97.6	98.2	96.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,435	2,315	2,115	19.4	20.1	18.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	17,905	9,030	8,880	78.2	78.2	78.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	565	200	360	2.5	1.7	3.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	22,900	11,545	11,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	21,150	10,750	10,400	92.4	93.1	91.5
Immigrants⁸¹	1,650	755	900	7.2	6.5	7.9
Before 1980	875	440	435	3.8	3.8	3.8
1980 to 1990	170	75	100	0.7	0.6	0.9
1991 to 2000	120	50	70	0.5	0.4	0.6
2001 to 2010	205	80	130	0.9	0.7	1.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	275	110	170	1.2	1.0	1.5
2011 to 2015	125	40	90	0.5	0.3	0.8
2016 to 2021	150	70	85	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	100	40	65	0.4	0.3	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,650	755	900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	240	130	110	14.5	17.2	12.2
5 to 14 years	340	150	195	20.6	19.9	21.7
15 to 24 years	395	205	185	23.9	27.2	20.6
25 to 44 years	570	225	340	34.5	29.8	37.8
45 years and over	105	35	70	6.4	4.6	7.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,650	755	900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	355	145	210	21.5	19.2	23.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	280	120	155	17.0	15.9	17.2
Other places of birth in Americas	45	20	30	2.7	2.6	3.3
Europe	775	365	410	47.0	48.3	45.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Germany	165	70	90	10.0	9.3	10.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
Italy	30	10	15	1.8	1.3	1.7
Netherlands	65	35	25	3.9	4.6	2.8
Poland	20	10	10	1.2	1.3	1.1
Portugal	25	10	15	1.5	1.3	1.7
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	250	115	140	15.2	15.2	15.6
Other places of birth in Europe	190	90	100	11.5	11.9	11.1
Africa	70	30	45	4.2	4.0	5.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	20	25	3.0	2.6	2.8
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	15	1.5	1.3	1.7
Asia	405	180	230	24.5	23.8	25.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	15	2.1	2.0	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	170	50	120	10.3	6.6	13.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	135	80	55	8.2	10.6	6.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	10	25	2.1	1.3	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40	25	10	2.4	3.3	1.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	145	70	80	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	10	0	10	6.9	0.0	12.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	10	0	0	6.9	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	25	15	10	17.2	21.4	12.5
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	15	0	10.3	21.4	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	40	15	25	27.6	21.4	31.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	20	24.1	21.4	25.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	70	30	35	48.3	42.9	43.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	20	10	24.1	28.6	12.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	10	15	17.2	14.3	18.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	22,900	11,540	11,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,910	875	1,035	8.3	7.6	9.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,220	1,615	1,605	14.1	14.0	14.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	17,775	9,055	8,715	77.6	78.5	76.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	775	310	465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	460	225	235	59.4	72.6	50.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	240	140	100	31.0	45.2	21.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	220	85	135	28.4	27.4	29.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	285	70	210	36.8	22.6	45.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	20	10	10	2.6	3.2	2.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	0	10	1.9	0.0	2.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	775	310	465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	10	0	1.3	3.2	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	125	35	90	16.1	11.3	19.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	10	1.3	0.0	2.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	55	35	20	7.1	11.3	4.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	10	10	2.6	3.2	2.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	555	215	340	71.6	69.4	73.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	22,900	11,540	11,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	970	440	530	4.2	3.8	4.7
South Asian	315	160	155	1.4	1.4	1.4
Chinese	95	45	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Black	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Filipino	245	115	135	1.1	1.0	1.2
Arab	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin American	65	15	50	0.3	0.1	0.4
Southeast Asian	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	40	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	21,930	11,100	10,830	95.8	96.2	95.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	22,900	11,545	11,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	3,865	2,045	1,820	16.9	17.7	16.0
English	6,490	3,115	3,380	28.3	27.0	29.8
Irish	4,285	2,010	2,280	18.7	17.4	20.1
Scottish	5,125	2,460	2,675	22.4	21.3	23.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,445	1,185	1,265	10.7	10.3	11.1
German	4,005	1,980	2,025	17.5	17.2	17.8
Chinese	125	60	65	0.5	0.5	0.6
Italian	495	235	260	2.2	2.0	2.3
Indian (India)	145	75	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ukrainian	1,150	635	515	5.0	5.5	4.5
Dutch	1,315	580	735	5.7	5.0	6.5
Polish	685	270	420	3.0	2.3	3.7
Québécois	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,010	550	460	4.4	4.8	4.0
Filipino	270	115	155	1.2	1.0	1.4
French Canadian	220	120	105	1.0	1.0	0.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	515	250	265	2.2	2.2	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,210	600	610	5.3	5.2	5.4
Métis	990	480	505	4.3	4.2	4.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	540	260	275	2.4	2.3	2.4
Russian	650	315	335	2.8	2.7	2.9
Norwegian	1,285	635	645	5.6	5.5	5.7
Welsh	675	375	295	2.9	3.2	2.6
Portuguese	160	85	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
American	555	280	270	2.4	2.4	2.4
Spanish	140	75	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Swedish	1,080	485	600	4.7	4.2	5.3
Hungarian	210	125	90	0.9	1.1	0.8
Acadian	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Punjabi	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	45	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	415	215	200	1.8	1.9	1.8
Korean	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	120	60	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lebanese	55	40	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Danish	390	195	195	1.7	1.7	1.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	235	85	155	1.0	0.7	1.4
Sikh	100	45	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
Austrian	280	150	125	1.2	1.3	1.1
Belgian	115	60	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	115	65	55	0.5	0.6	0.5
Swiss	240	105	135	1.0	0.9	1.2
Finnish	180	80	100	0.8	0.7	0.9
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	80	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Japanese	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	255	80	180	1.1	0.7	1.6
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	110	60	50	0.5	0.5	0.4
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Newfoundlander	50	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	55	40	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
South African	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Australian	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	55	40	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	55	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albertan	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Columbian	115	60	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Saskatchewanian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	22,905	11,540	11,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Christian	7,300	3,340	3,955	31.9	28.9	34.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,115	1,015	1,100	9.2	8.8	9.7
Anabaptist	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	520	240	285	2.3	2.1	2.5
Baptist	395	150	240	1.7	1.3	2.1
Catholic	1,910	915	1,000	8.3	7.9	8.8
Christian Orthodox	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	270	110	160	1.2	1.0	1.4
Latter Day Saints	175	90	85	0.8	0.8	0.7
Lutheran	250	105	145	1.1	0.9	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	50	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	200	90	105	0.9	0.8	0.9
Presbyterian	75	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Reformed	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	660	295	365	2.9	2.6	3.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	615	270	350	2.7	2.3	3.1
Hindu	70	40	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jewish	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sikh	185	90	100	0.8	0.8	0.9
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	150	70	85	0.7	0.6	0.7
Other religions and spiritual traditions	160	75	90	0.7	0.6	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	14,955	7,910	7,045	65.3	68.5	62.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	22,725	11,450	11,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	20,535	10,420	10,115	90.4	91.0	89.8
Movers	2,190	1,035	1,160	9.6	9.0	10.3
Non-migrants	1,420	685	735	6.2	6.0	6.5
Migrants	765	345	420	3.4	3.0	3.7
Internal migrants	735	335	405	3.2	2.9	3.6
Intraprovincial migrants	555	230	325	2.4	2.0	2.9
Interprovincial migrants	185	105	80	0.8	0.9	0.7
External migrants	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	21,980	11,135	10,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	13,130	6,815	6,320	59.7	61.2	58.3
Movers	8,845	4,320	4,520	40.2	38.8	41.7
Non-migrants	3,060	1,530	1,530	13.9	13.7	14.1
Migrants	5,785	2,790	2,990	26.3	25.1	27.6
Internal migrants	5,575	2,705	2,870	25.4	24.3	26.5
Intraprovincial migrants	4,930	2,365	2,570	22.4	21.2	23.7
Interprovincial migrants	645	345	300	2.9	3.1	2.8
External migrants	205	90	120	0.9	0.8	1.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,255	9,655	9,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,200	2,995	2,210	27.0	31.0	23.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,055	6,665	7,390	73.0	69.0	77.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,890	5,840	6,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,310	1,385	925	19.4	23.7	15.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,580	4,460	5,120	80.6	76.4	84.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,250	9,655	9,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,615	2,610	2,005	24.0	27.0	20.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,680	3,145	3,530	34.7	32.6	36.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,960	3,905	4,055	41.4	40.4	42.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,965	3,175	2,795	31.0	32.9	29.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,235	1,845	400	11.6	19.1	4.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	845	580	260	4.4	6.0	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,395	1,265	130	7.2	13.1	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,255	1,140	2,115	16.9	11.8	22.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	475	190	285	2.5	2.0	3.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,990	730	1,265	10.3	7.6	13.2
Bachelor's degree	1,375	475	900	7.1	4.9	9.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	165	40	125	0.9	0.4	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	55	40	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Master's degree	365	155	205	1.9	1.6	2.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,895	5,845	6,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,035	1,215	815	17.1	20.8	13.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,215	1,955	2,260	35.4	33.4	37.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,640	2,665	2,970	47.4	45.6	49.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,155	2,145	2,005	34.9	36.7	33.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,485	1,225	260	12.5	21.0	4.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	545	360	180	4.6	6.2	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	940	860	80	7.9	14.7	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,340	795	1,545	19.7	13.6	25.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	325	125	205	2.7	2.1	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,485	525	965	12.5	9.0	16.0
Bachelor's degree	1,055	360	695	8.9	6.2	11.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	110	25	80	0.9	0.4	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Master's degree	260	100	160	2.2	1.7	2.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	19,250	9,655	9,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,290	5,755	5,540	58.6	59.6	57.7
Education	720	150	570	3.7	1.6	5.9
13. Education	720	150	570	3.7	1.6	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	140	40	100	0.7	0.4	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	115	25	95	0.6	0.3	1.0
Humanities	255	80	175	1.3	0.8	1.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	75	20	50	0.4	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	80	15	65	0.4	0.2	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	40	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	440	135	300	2.3	1.4	3.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	110	15	105	0.6	0.2	1.1
22. Legal professions and studies	60	15	45	0.3	0.2	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	90	40	55	0.5	0.4	0.6
45. Social sciences	120	40	80	0.6	0.4	0.8
Business, management and public administration	1,280	300	975	6.6	3.1	10.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	240	20	220	1.2	0.2	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,030	275	755	5.4	2.8	7.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	140	80	65	0.7	0.8	0.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	45	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	50	40	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	135	90	45	0.7	0.9	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	115	85	30	0.6	0.9	0.3
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,410	2,250	160	12.5	23.3	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
14. Engineering	130	110	15	0.7	1.1	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	445	390	55	2.3	4.0	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	730	700	30	3.8	7.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	670	645	20	3.5	6.7	0.2
48. Precision production	430	400	30	2.2	4.1	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	495	320	175	2.6	3.3	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	155	55	105	0.8	0.6	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	340	265	75	1.8	2.7	0.8
Health and related fields	1,400	175	1,220	7.3	1.8	12.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	55	15	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,320	145	1,175	6.9	1.5	12.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	545	275	275	2.8	2.8	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	330	80	250	1.7	0.8	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	75	70	10	0.4	0.7	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	125	120	10	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	11,895	5,840	6,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,255	3,175	3,080	52.6	54.4	50.9
Education	475	90	385	4.0	1.5	6.4
13. Education	475	90	385	4.0	1.5	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	90	25	65	0.8	0.4	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	80	25	55	0.7	0.4	0.9
Humanities	175	55	125	1.5	0.9	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	60	15	45	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	45	10	40	0.4	0.2	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	305	90	220	2.6	1.5	3.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	90	10	80	0.8	0.2	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	40	15	25	0.3	0.3	0.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	50	15	35	0.4	0.3	0.6
45. Social sciences	80	20	55	0.7	0.3	0.9
Business, management and public administration	920	190	730	7.7	3.3	12.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	175	10	165	1.5	0.2	2.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	740	175	565	6.2	3.0	9.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	90	45	50	0.8	0.8	0.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	30	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	25	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	95	70	25	0.8	1.2	0.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	85	70	15	0.7	1.2	0.2
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,660	1,550	115	14.0	26.5	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
14. Engineering	100	90	10	0.8	1.5	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	355	300	55	3.0	5.1	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	460	455	15	3.9	7.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	435	425	10	3.7	7.3	0.2
48. Precision production	305	275	30	2.6	4.7	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	375	230	140	3.2	3.9	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	110	40	70	0.9	0.7	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	265	190	70	2.2	3.3	1.2
Health and related fields	1,035	120	915	8.7	2.1	15.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	40	10	30	0.3	0.2	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	970	90	880	8.2	1.5	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	420	200	220	3.5	3.4	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	255	50	200	2.1	0.9	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	65	55	10	0.5	0.9	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	105	95	10	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	11,895	5,840	6,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,255	3,175	3,080	52.6	54.4	50.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	5,640	2,670	2,970	47.4	45.7	49.1
Location of study inside Canada	5,250	2,540	2,710	44.1	43.5	44.8
Same as province or territory of residence	4,460	2,160	2,305	37.5	37.0	38.1
Different than province or territory of residence	790	380	410	6.6	6.5	6.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	390	130	260	3.3	2.2	4.3
Americas	85	45	45	0.7	0.8	0.7
United States of America	80	35	45	0.7	0.6	0.7
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	120	25	85	1.0	0.4	1.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	25	35	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Africa	35	25	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Asia	135	35	100	1.1	0.6	1.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	55	15	40	0.5	0.3	0.7
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	55	15	40	0.5	0.3	0.7
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	19,250	9,655	9,595	...	...	...
In the labour force	10,460	5,550	4,915	...	...	...
Employed	9,320	4,885	4,435	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,135	655	480	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	8,790	4,110	4,685	...	...	...
Participation rate	54.3	57.5	51.2	54.3	57.5	51.2
Employment rate	48.4	50.6	46.2	48.4	50.6	46.2
Unemployment rate	10.9	11.8	9.8	10.9	11.8	9.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	19,250	9,655	9,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	8,620	3,995	4,625	44.8	41.4	48.2
Worked	10,630	5,655	4,970	55.2	58.6	51.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,975	2,900	2,080	25.8	30.0	21.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,655	2,760	2,895	29.4	28.6	30.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.8	40.5	39.1	39.8	40.5	39.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	10,460	5,545	4,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	270	140	130	2.6	2.5	2.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	10,195	5,405	4,780	97.5	97.5	97.4
Employee	8,780	4,605	4,170	83.9	83.0	84.9
Permanent position	7,320	3,985	3,335	70.0	71.9	67.9
Temporary position	1,460	625	835	14.0	11.3	17.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	330	135	195	3.2	2.4	4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,135	490	640	10.9	8.8	13.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,410	805	610	13.5	14.5	12.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	10,460	5,545	4,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	270	140	130	2.6	2.5	2.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	10,195	5,405	4,780	97.5	97.5	97.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	55	35	20	0.5	0.6	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,065	180	885	10.2	3.2	18.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	415	305	110	4.0	5.5	2.2
3 Health occupations	715	115	605	6.8	2.1	12.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,170	250	915	11.2	4.5	18.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	155	60	100	1.5	1.1	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	2,445	960	1,485	23.4	17.3	30.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,530	2,265	265	24.2	40.8	5.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	780	535	245	7.5	9.6	5.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	860	705	155	8.2	12.7	3.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	10,460	5,545	4,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	270	140	130	2.6	2.5	2.6
All industries¹⁹¹	10,195	5,405	4,780	97.5	97.5	97.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	805	525	280	7.7	9.5	5.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	290	240	45	2.8	4.3	0.9
22 Utilities	35	35	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
23 Construction	810	685	125	7.7	12.4	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	1,705	1,360	350	16.3	24.5	7.1
41 Wholesale trade	120	90	30	1.1	1.6	0.6
44-45 Retail trade	1,235	530	700	11.8	9.6	14.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	470	355	115	4.5	6.4	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	105	50	60	1.0	0.9	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	160	45	120	1.5	0.8	2.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	100	40	60	1.0	0.7	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	280	115	160	2.7	2.1	3.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	300	165	135	2.9	3.0	2.7
61 Educational services	730	135	595	7.0	2.4	12.1
62 Health care and social assistance	1,250	145	1,100	12.0	2.6	22.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	205	110	95	2.0	2.0	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	645	270	375	6.2	4.9	7.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	515	310	200	4.9	5.6	4.1
91 Public administration	420	180	235	4.0	3.2	4.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	11,650	6,170	5,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	11,495	6,100	5,395	98.7	98.9	98.5
French	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	70	30	35	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	70	20	45	0.6	0.3	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	11,650	6,170	5,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	11,635	6,165	5,475	99.9	99.9	100.0
Official languages	11,620	6,150	5,470	99.7	99.7	99.9
English	11,605	6,140	5,465	99.6	99.5	99.8
French	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	11,650	6,170	5,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	11,520	6,120	5,395	98.9	99.2	98.5
English	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
French	50	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.6
Non-official language	50	15	40	0.4	0.2	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	15	30	0.4	0.2	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,320	4,885	4,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	785	335	450	8.4	6.9	10.1
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,375	990	385	14.8	20.3	8.7
Usual place of work	7,165	3,560	3,600	76.9	72.9	81.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,165	3,560	3,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,220	1,525	1,695	44.9	42.8	47.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,435	1,720	1,715	47.9	48.3	47.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	490	300	190	6.8	8.4	5.3
Commute to a different province or territory	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	8,540	4,555	3,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	7,935	4,285	3,645	92.9	94.1	91.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,390	4,020	3,370	86.5	88.3	84.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	550	270	280	6.4	5.9	7.0
Public transit	100	50	40	1.2	1.1	1.0
Walked	305	95	215	3.6	2.1	5.4
Bicycle	45	35	10	0.5	0.8	0.3
Other method	155	85	75	1.8	1.9	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	8,540	4,555	3,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,660	2,230	2,435	54.6	49.0	61.1
15 to 29 minutes	2,695	1,485	1,215	31.6	32.6	30.5
30 to 44 minutes	475	305	170	5.6	6.7	4.3
45 to 59 minutes	185	145	40	2.2	3.2	1.0
60 minutes and over	525	385	135	6.1	8.5	3.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	8,540	4,555	3,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	800	660	135	9.4	14.5	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,430	835	595	16.7	18.3	14.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,375	1,160	1,215	27.8	25.5	30.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,780	720	1,050	20.8	15.8	26.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	670	245	425	7.8	5.4	10.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,485	930	555	17.4	20.4	13.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,535	2,335	2,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	185	105	80	4.1	4.5	3.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,350	2,225	2,125	95.9	95.3	96.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,435	1,775	1,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	150	85	65	4.4	4.8	3.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	65	35	30	1.9	2.0	1.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	85	50	30	2.5	2.8	1.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,290	1,690	1,595	95.8	95.2	96.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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