Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Powell RiverMore information: British Columbia [Census agglomeration]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	17,825	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	16,783	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	8,884	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	8,191	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	22.3	...	...	22.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	799.80	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	17,825	8,665	9,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	2,225	1,170	1,060	12.5	13.5	11.6
0 to 4 years	625	305	320	3.5	3.5	3.5
5 to 9 years	785	435	350	4.4	5.0	3.8
10 to 14 years	815	425	390	4.6	4.9	4.3
15 to 64 years	10,025	4,815	5,210	56.2	55.6	56.9
15 to 19 years	825	405	420	4.6	4.7	4.6
20 to 24 years	630	310	315	3.5	3.6	3.4
25 to 29 years	695	360	330	3.9	4.2	3.6
30 to 34 years	830	410	415	4.7	4.7	4.5
35 to 39 years	975	465	510	5.5	5.4	5.6
40 to 44 years	925	440	485	5.2	5.1	5.3
45 to 49 years	905	425	475	5.1	4.9	5.2
50 to 54 years	1,085	530	550	6.1	6.1	6.0
55 to 59 years	1,440	655	785	8.1	7.6	8.6
60 to 64 years	1,725	810	915	9.7	9.3	10.0
65 years and over	5,580	2,680	2,895	31.3	30.9	31.6
65 to 69 years	1,720	835	885	9.6	9.6	9.7
70 to 74 years	1,505	780	730	8.4	9.0	8.0
75 to 79 years	1,015	490	525	5.7	5.7	5.7
80 to 84 years	670	325	345	3.8	3.8	3.8
85 years and over	675	255	415	3.8	2.9	4.5
85 to 89 years	410	175	235	2.3	2.0	2.6
90 to 94 years	205	70	130	1.2	0.8	1.4
95 to 99 years	50	15	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.5	13.5	11.6	12.5	13.5	11.6
15 to 64 years	56.2	55.6	56.9	56.2	55.6	56.9
65 years and over	31.3	30.9	31.6	31.3	30.9	31.6
85 years and over	3.8	2.9	4.5	3.8	2.9	4.5
Average age of the population	49.2	48.4	50.0	49.2	48.4	50.0
Median age of the population	54.0	53.2	55.2	54.0	53.2	55.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	8,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	6,160	...	...	75.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	255	...	...	3.1	...	...
Row house	105	...	...	1.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	320	...	...	3.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	950	...	...	11.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	20	...	...	0.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	340	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	8,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	2,785	...	...	34.0	...	...
2 persons	3,310	...	...	40.4	...	...
3 persons	965	...	...	11.8	...	...
4 persons	725	...	...	8.9	...	...
5 or more persons	405	...	...	4.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	17,460	8,510	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	15,605	7,495	8,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	9,250	4,610	4,635	59.3	61.5	57.2
Married	7,265	3,625	3,640	46.6	48.4	44.9
Living common-law	1,980	985	995	12.7	13.1	12.3
Living common law - Never married	1,240	630	605	7.9	8.4	7.5
Living common law - Separated	105	50	55	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	560	270	285	3.6	3.6	3.5
Living common law - Widowed	75	30	45	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	6,355	2,885	3,465	40.7	38.5	42.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,425	1,885	1,540	21.9	25.2	19.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	455	205	250	2.9	2.7	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,280	510	765	8.2	6.8	9.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,195	285	915	7.7	3.8	11.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	3,415	...	...	65.5	...	...
3 persons	870	...	...	16.7	...	...
4 persons	655	...	...	12.6	...	...
5 or more persons	270	...	...	5.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	4,505	...	...	86.5	...	...
Married couples	3,520	...	...	67.6	...	...
With children⁶	1,200	...	...	23.0	...	...
Without children	2,320	...	...	44.5	...	...
Common-law couples	990	...	...	19.0	...	...
With children⁶	355	...	...	6.8	...	...
Without children	635	...	...	12.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	700	...	...	13.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	520	...	...	10.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	185	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	17,460	8,510	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	13,490	6,745	6,745	77.3	79.3	75.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,010	4,505	4,510	51.6	52.9	50.4
Parents in one-parent families	705	180	520	4.0	2.1	5.8
Children⁶	3,775	2,060	1,715	21.6	24.2	19.2
In a two-parent family	2,750	1,495	1,255	15.8	17.6	14.0
In a one-parent family	1,025	560	460	5.9	6.6	5.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,970	1,765	2,210	22.7	20.7	24.7
Living alone	2,790	1,210	1,580	16.0	14.2	17.6
Living with other relatives⁷	350	130	215	2.0	1.5	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	835	420	420	4.8	4.9	4.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	8,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,615	...	...	56.3	...	...
Couple-family households	4,075	...	...	49.7	...	...
With children⁶	1,375	...	...	16.8	...	...
Without children	2,700	...	...	32.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	535	...	...	6.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	160	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	40	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	280	...	...	3.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	310	...	...	3.8	...	...
One-person households	2,790	...	...	34.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	15,240	7,345	7,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,920	7,195	7,720	97.9	98.0	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,000	32,000	36,800	42,000	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,930	7,205	7,730	98.0	98.1	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,800	30,200	34,000	38,800	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,055	6,385	6,670	85.7	86.9	84.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,000	32,400	21,800	27,000	32,400	21,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,740	4,325	4,420	57.3	58.9	55.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	35,600	25,800	30,200	35,600	25,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,070	6,150	6,915	85.8	83.7	87.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,100	15,100	13,400	14,100	15,100	13,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,395	740	655	9.2	10.1	8.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	6,000	5,320	5,680	6,000	5,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,220	1,550	1,670	21.1	21.1	21.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	15,245	7,345	7,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,885	7,190	7,695	97.6	97.9	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,640	51,040	38,640	44,640	51,040	38,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,915	7,205	7,710	97.8	98.1	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,120	44,000	34,560	39,120	44,000	34,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,955	6,325	6,630	85.0	86.1	83.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,720	30,800	37,600	44,720	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,740	4,335	4,405	57.3	59.0	55.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,360	46,320	32,520	39,360	46,320	32,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,075	6,175	6,900	85.8	84.1	87.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,580	13,660	13,500	13,580	13,660	13,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,485	755	725	9.7	10.3	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,750	7,420	6,050	6,750	7,420	6,050
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,315	1,660	1,655	21.7	22.6	20.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,070	8,730	9,420	9,070	8,730	9,420
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	15,240	7,340	7,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,205	1,690	1,520	21.0	23.0	19.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	65,500	52,400	58,000	65,500	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,700	72,900	55,650	64,700	72,900	55,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,180	1,985	2,195	27.4	27.0	27.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	22,200	18,200	19,400	22,200	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,560	32,440	23,180	27,560	32,440	23,180
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.2	77.0	68.6	73.2	77.0	68.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	51.8	54.7	48.2	51.8	54.7	48.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.7	23.0	31.4	26.7	23.0	31.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.9	5.0	7.0	5.9	5.0	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	4.0	5.2	4.5	4.0	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	15,240	7,340	7,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	325	150	175	2.1	2.0	2.2
With total income	14,915	7,195	7,725	97.9	98.0	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,195	450	750	8.0	6.3	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	1,995	775	1,220	13.4	10.8	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	2,695	1,080	1,610	18.1	15.0	20.8
$30,000 to $39,999	2,375	1,110	1,265	15.9	15.4	16.4
$40,000 to $49,999	1,860	940	920	12.5	13.1	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	1,440	770	670	9.7	10.7	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	975	550	425	6.5	7.6	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	630	380	255	4.2	5.3	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	470	295	170	3.2	4.1	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	365	215	150	2.4	3.0	1.9
$100,000 and over	925	630	295	6.2	8.8	3.8
$100,000 to $149,999	655	435	215	4.4	6.0	2.8
$150,000 and over	275	195	75	1.8	2.7	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	15,240	7,340	7,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	310	140	170	2.0	1.9	2.2
With after-tax income	14,935	7,205	7,730	98.0	98.2	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,260	475	780	8.4	6.6	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	2,070	795	1,270	13.9	11.0	16.4
$20,000 to $29,999	3,025	1,235	1,795	20.3	17.1	23.2
$30,000 to $39,999	2,670	1,260	1,410	17.9	17.5	18.2
$40,000 to $49,999	2,100	1,140	965	14.1	15.8	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,335	735	600	8.9	10.2	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	830	495	340	5.6	6.9	4.4
$70,000 to $79,999	550	350	205	3.7	4.9	2.7
$80,000 to $89,999	390	240	155	2.6	3.3	2.0
$90,000 to $99,999	230	140	85	1.5	1.9	1.1
$100,000 and over	475	340	135	3.2	4.7	1.7
$100,000 to $124,999	265	190	75	1.8	2.6	1.0
$125,000 and over	210	150	60	1.4	2.1	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	15,240	7,340	7,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	6,505	3,025	3,480	42.7	41.2	44.1
With employment income	8,740	4,320	4,420	57.3	58.9	56.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,560	700	860	17.8	16.2	19.5
$5,000 to $9,999	700	300	395	8.0	6.9	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	1,155	495	665	13.2	11.5	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	940	430	510	10.8	10.0	11.5
$30,000 to $39,999	925	395	530	10.6	9.1	12.0
$40,000 to $49,999	755	370	385	8.6	8.6	8.7
$50,000 to $59,999	675	330	340	7.7	7.6	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	545	315	225	6.2	7.3	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	350	215	130	4.0	5.0	2.9
$80,000 to $89,999	280	175	105	3.2	4.1	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	235	140	90	2.7	3.2	2.0
$100,000 and over	630	445	185	7.2	10.3	4.2
$100,000 to $124,999	335	220	120	3.8	5.1	2.7
$125,000 and over	295	225	70	3.4	5.2	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	15,240	7,345	7,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,625	7,055	7,570	96.0	96.1	95.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	41,600	29,000	34,400	41,600	29,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,670	7,065	7,605	96.3	96.2	96.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	37,600	26,800	31,600	37,600	26,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,020	6,365	6,655	85.4	86.7	84.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,600	34,800	23,200	28,600	34,800	23,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,005	5,105	4,900	65.6	69.5	62.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,800	30,600	23,800	26,800	30,600	23,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,180	5,035	6,140	73.4	68.6	77.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,100	13,800	10,800	12,100	13,800	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,155	590	570	7.6	8.0	7.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	4,920	5,240	5,120	4,920	5,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	15,245	7,345	7,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,610	7,035	7,575	95.8	95.8	95.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,920	50,880	35,520	42,920	50,880	35,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,650	7,050	7,595	96.1	96.0	96.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,080	43,280	31,360	37,080	43,280	31,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,990	6,325	6,655	85.2	86.1	84.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,600	47,280	30,360	38,600	47,280	30,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,040	5,095	4,945	65.9	69.4	62.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	43,600	29,800	36,800	43,600	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,115	4,950	6,165	72.9	67.4	78.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,280	11,890	10,800	11,280	11,890	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,210	605	610	7.9	8.2	7.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,370	6,160	6,600	6,370	6,160	6,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	15,240	7,340	7,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,200	1,690	1,510	21.0	23.0	19.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	64,000	47,600	54,400	64,000	47,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,150	70,500	50,720	61,150	70,500	50,720
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,000	1,895	2,100	26.2	25.8	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	30,200	21,600	25,000	30,200	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,400	42,640	26,920	34,400	42,640	26,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.0	83.6	75.2	80.0	83.6	75.2
Employment income (%)	59.0	62.1	54.8	59.0	62.1	54.8
Government transfers (%)	20.0	16.4	24.8	20.0	16.4	24.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	8,190	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,790	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	8,195	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	81,100	...	...	81,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,300	...	...	71,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,790	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,840	...	...	43,840	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,840	...	...	38,840	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,405	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,300	...	...	100,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	8,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	70	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	80	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	230	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	510	...	...	6.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	350	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	380	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	415	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	420	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	385	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	775	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	685	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	615	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	545	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	470	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,220	...	...	27.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	795	...	...	9.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	525	...	...	6.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	525	...	...	6.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	375	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	8,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	80	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	80	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	235	...	...	2.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	525	...	...	6.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	435	...	...	5.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	415	...	...	5.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	490	...	...	6.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	445	...	...	5.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	455	...	...	5.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	840	...	...	10.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	790	...	...	9.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	635	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	555	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	445	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,730	...	...	21.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	760	...	...	9.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	435	...	...	5.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	535	...	...	6.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,780	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,575	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	660	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,625	1,630	2,000	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	35,600	31,800	33,200	35,600	31,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,600	33,600	30,200	31,600	33,600	30,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,400	...	...	99,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,900	...	...	86,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,770	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,800	...	...	86,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,600	...	...	76,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,610	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,300	...	...	113,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	620	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,200	...	...	62,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,715	1,665	2,045	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,920	47,000	35,960	40,920	47,000	35,960
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,560	40,920	33,000	36,560	40,920	33,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	17,460	8,510	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	2,715	1,405	1,315	15.5	16.5	14.7
0 to 5 years	770	390	380	4.4	4.6	4.2
18 to 64 years	9,430	4,520	4,905	54.0	53.1	54.8
65 years and over	5,315	2,585	2,730	30.4	30.4	30.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,270	990	1,280	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	385	185	195	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	120	50	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,090	505	585	...	...	...
65 years and over	795	295	500	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.0	11.7	14.3	13.0	11.7	14.3
0 to 17 years (%)	14.1	13.3	14.9	14.1	13.3	14.9
0 to 5 years (%)	15.8	12.8	19.0	15.8	12.8	19.0
18 to 64 years (%)	11.6	11.2	12.0	11.6	11.2	12.0
65 years and over (%)	15.0	11.6	18.2	15.0	11.6	18.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	17,440	8,505	8,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	2,720	1,400	1,310	15.6	16.5	14.7
0 to 5 years	765	390	380	4.4	4.6	4.3
18 to 64 years	9,415	4,520	4,900	54.0	53.1	54.8
65 years and over	5,305	2,580	2,730	30.4	30.3	30.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	485	235	245	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	90	50	40	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	330	155	170	...	...	...
65 years and over	65	30	35	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2	3.3	3.0	3.2	3.3	3.0
0 to 5 years (%)	1.0	1.0	x	1.0	1.0	x
18 to 64 years (%)	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	17,460	8,510	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	10,415	4,930	5,485	59.7	57.9	61.3
In bottom decile	2,035	905	1,130	11.7	10.6	12.6
In second decile	2,110	970	1,140	12.1	11.4	12.7
In third decile	2,260	1,070	1,190	12.9	12.6	13.3
In fourth decile	2,080	1,045	1,030	11.9	12.3	11.5
In fifth decile	1,935	940	995	11.1	11.0	11.1
In top half of the distribution	7,050	3,580	3,470	40.4	42.1	38.7
In sixth decile	1,725	860	865	9.9	10.1	9.7
In seventh decile	1,585	800	780	9.1	9.4	8.7
In eighth decile	1,425	725	700	8.2	8.5	7.8
In ninth decile	1,320	665	650	7.6	7.8	7.3
In top decile	1,000	525	480	5.7	6.2	5.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	17,460	...	...	17,460	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.303	...	...	0.303	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.453	...	...	0.453	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.271	...	...	0.271	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	17,620	8,585	9,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	16,355	8,025	8,325	92.8	93.5	92.1
French only	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	1,220	540	680	6.9	6.3	7.5
Neither English nor French	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	17,620	8,585	9,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	17,205	8,405	8,805	97.6	97.9	97.5
French	355	155	200	2.0	1.8	2.2
English and French	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Neither English nor French	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	17,620	8,585	9,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	17,365	8,470	8,895	98.6	98.7	98.5
Official languages	15,965	7,895	8,070	90.6	92.0	89.3
English	15,585	7,735	7,850	88.5	90.1	86.9
French	380	160	220	2.2	1.9	2.4
Non-official languages	1,400	575	825	7.9	6.7	9.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,395	570	825	7.9	6.6	9.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	20	45	0.4	0.2	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	990	420	565	5.6	4.9	6.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	130	50	80	0.7	0.6	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	125	50	75	0.7	0.6	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	445	190	255	2.5	2.2	2.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	200	85	115	1.1	1.0	1.3
German	190	80	105	1.1	0.9	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	195	85	110	1.1	1.0	1.2
Afrikaans	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	150	60	90	0.9	0.7	1.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	50	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	75	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	70	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	325	130	195	1.8	1.5	2.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	220	95	130	1.2	1.1	1.4
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	80	25	50	0.5	0.3	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	5	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	40	65	0.6	0.5	0.7
Chinese languages	110	40	65	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	255	115	140	1.4	1.3	1.5
English and French	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	175	80	95	1.0	0.9	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	17,620	8,585	9,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	16,310	7,995	8,315	92.6	93.1	92.0
French	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	180	85	100	1.0	1.0	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	180	85	100	1.0	1.0	1.1
English and French	180	90	95	1.0	1.0	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	840	365	475	4.8	4.3	5.3
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	17,620	8,585	9,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	17,455	8,520	8,935	99.1	99.2	98.9
Official languages	17,050	8,335	8,715	96.8	97.1	96.5
English	16,950	8,290	8,665	96.2	96.6	95.9
French	95	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official languages	405	185	225	2.3	2.2	2.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	405	185	225	2.3	2.2	2.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	225	100	125	1.3	1.2	1.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	65	30	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
German	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	55	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	55	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	170	70	100	1.0	0.8	1.1
English and French	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	130	55	85	0.7	0.6	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	17,620	8,585	9,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	16,690	8,155	8,535	94.7	95.0	94.5
English	235	110	125	1.3	1.3	1.4
French	115	65	55	0.7	0.8	0.6
Non-official language	490	215	280	2.8	2.5	3.1
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous	490	215	280	2.8	2.5	3.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	17,460	8,510	8,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	17,385	8,490	8,900	99.6	99.8	99.4
English	17,385	8,490	8,895	99.6	99.8	99.4
French	1,220	515	705	7.0	6.1	7.9
Non-official languages	1,945	770	1,180	11.1	9.0	13.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	45	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,905	755	1,150	10.9	8.9	12.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	110	55	50	0.6	0.6	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	45	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,370	550	820	7.8	6.5	9.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	140	55	85	0.8	0.6	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	140	55	85	0.8	0.6	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	60	15	45	0.3	0.2	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	465	190	280	2.7	2.2	3.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	265	100	160	1.5	1.2	1.8
German	265	100	160	1.5	1.2	1.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	165	65	100	0.9	0.8	1.1
Afrikaans	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dutch	120	35	80	0.7	0.4	0.9
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Danish	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swedish	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	110	40	65	0.6	0.5	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	90	35	55	0.5	0.4	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindi	65	20	45	0.4	0.2	0.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	680	270	405	3.9	3.2	4.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	245	95	145	1.4	1.1	1.6
Portuguese	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	440	195	255	2.5	2.3	2.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	15	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korean	80	15	65	0.5	0.2	0.7
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	20	20	0.3	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	95	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	95	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	35	40	0.5	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	0	30	0.3	0.0	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,460	8,510	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,065	495	565	6.1	5.8	6.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,040	485	550	6.0	5.7	6.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	560	270	290	3.2	3.2	3.2
Métis	465	210	255	2.7	2.5	2.8
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	16,395	8,010	8,390	93.9	94.1	93.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,460	8,510	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	415	185	225	2.4	2.2	2.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	17,045	8,320	8,730	97.6	97.8	97.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	8,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	6,265	...	...	76.5	...	...
Renter	1,930	...	...	23.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	8,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	505	...	...	6.2	...	...
Not condominium	7,685	...	...	93.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	8,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	40	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	940	...	...	11.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,395	...	...	29.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,695	...	...	32.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,120	...	...	25.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	8,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,140	...	...	26.1	...	...
5 rooms	1,300	...	...	15.9	...	...
6 rooms	1,225	...	...	15.0	...	...
7 rooms	1,075	...	...	13.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,445	...	...	29.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	8,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	8,120	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	75	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	8,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	7,945	...	...	97.0	...	...
Not suitable	245	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	8,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,615	...	...	31.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,535	...	...	31.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	800	...	...	9.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,065	...	...	13.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	225	...	...	2.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	365	...	...	4.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	200	...	...	2.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	390	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	8,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,480	...	...	91.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	710	...	...	8.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	8,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,205	...	...	51.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,700	...	...	45.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	285	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	8,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	150	...	...	1.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	695	...	...	8.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	985	...	...	12.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,045	...	...	12.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,865	...	...	22.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,910	...	...	23.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,200	...	...	14.7	...	...
85 years and over	340	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	8,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,565	...	...	80.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,580	...	...	19.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,450	...	...	17.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	8,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,315	...	...	28.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,395	...	...	17.0	...	...
Not suitable only	200	...	...	2.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	510	...	...	6.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	175	...	...	2.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,875	...	...	71.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	8,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	820	...	...	10.2	...	...
Not in core need	7,195	...	...	89.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,215	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	49.1	...	...	49.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.0	...	...	14.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	750	...	...	750	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,050	...	...	1,050	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	520,500	...	...	520,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,925	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.2	...	...	13.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.9	...	...	36.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.1	...	...	25.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...	920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,028	...	...	1,028	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	17,465	8,505	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	300	145	155	1.7	1.7	1.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	295	145	155	1.7	1.7	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	230	120	105	1.3	1.4	1.2
Métis single ancestry	60	15	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	985	480	505	5.6	5.6	5.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	975	475	505	5.6	5.6	5.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	690	330	365	4.0	3.9	4.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	275	140	130	1.6	1.6	1.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	16,170	7,880	8,295	92.6	92.7	92.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	17,465	8,510	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	16,870	8,255	8,620	96.6	97.0	96.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,645	1,385	1,260	15.1	16.3	14.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	14,230	6,870	7,360	81.5	80.7	82.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	590	255	335	3.4	3.0	3.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	17,465	8,510	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	15,090	7,495	7,590	86.4	88.1	84.8
Immigrants⁸¹	2,275	970	1,305	13.0	11.4	14.6
Before 1980	1,270	575	695	7.3	6.8	7.8
1980 to 1990	275	120	160	1.6	1.4	1.8
1991 to 2000	145	40	100	0.8	0.5	1.1
2001 to 2010	190	40	145	1.1	0.5	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	400	195	205	2.3	2.3	2.3
2011 to 2015	160	85	80	0.9	1.0	0.9
2016 to 2021	240	105	130	1.4	1.2	1.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	100	40	60	0.6	0.5	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,275	970	1,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	270	135	135	11.9	13.9	10.3
5 to 14 years	430	195	235	18.9	20.1	18.0
15 to 24 years	590	200	395	25.9	20.6	30.3
25 to 44 years	805	370	435	35.4	38.1	33.3
45 years and over	175	70	105	7.7	7.2	8.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,275	970	1,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	375	150	220	16.5	15.5	16.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	10	10	0.7	1.0	0.8
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	10	25	1.3	1.0	1.9
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	270	105	165	11.9	10.8	12.6
Other places of birth in Americas	40	25	15	1.8	2.6	1.1
Europe	1,380	610	765	60.7	62.9	58.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	45	15	30	2.0	1.5	2.3
Germany	135	50	85	5.9	5.2	6.5
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	35	10	25	1.5	1.0	1.9
Italy	145	65	80	6.4	6.7	6.1
Netherlands	115	45	65	5.1	4.6	5.0
Poland	35	20	20	1.5	2.1	1.5
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	690	330	360	30.3	34.0	27.6
Other places of birth in Europe	135	65	65	5.9	6.7	5.0
Africa	100	50	50	4.4	5.2	3.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.4	1.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	20	20	1.8	2.1	1.5
Other places of birth in Africa	40	20	20	1.8	2.1	1.5
Asia	370	145	225	16.3	14.9	17.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	60	35	25	2.6	3.6	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	45	0	35	2.0	0.0	2.7
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Philippines	95	35	55	4.2	3.6	4.2
Viet Nam	20	0	10	0.9	0.0	0.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	50	20	25	2.2	2.1	1.9
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	25	35	2.9	2.6	2.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	55	15	45	2.4	1.5	3.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	235	105	130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	55	25	30	23.4	23.8	23.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	10	10	6.4	9.5	7.7
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	35	15	20	14.9	14.3	15.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	40	15	30	17.0	14.3	23.1
France	15	0	0	6.4	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	15	6.4	0.0	11.5
Africa	25	10	15	10.6	9.5	11.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	10	6.4	0.0	7.7
Asia	110	65	50	46.8	61.9	38.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	30	15	17.0	28.6	11.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	45	25	20	19.1	23.8	15.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	17,460	8,510	8,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,555	1,110	1,445	14.6	13.0	16.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,715	1,820	1,900	21.3	21.4	21.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	11,190	5,580	5,610	64.1	65.6	62.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,005	395	610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	565	240	325	56.2	60.8	53.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	220	120	100	21.9	30.4	16.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	340	115	225	33.8	29.1	36.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	380	125	255	37.8	31.6	41.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	65	35	25	6.5	8.9	4.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,005	395	610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	220	95	125	21.9	24.1	20.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	65	30	35	6.5	7.6	5.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	45	10	35	4.5	2.5	5.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	10	1.5	0.0	1.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	655	260	395	65.2	65.8	64.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	17,460	8,510	8,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	960	420	540	5.5	4.9	6.0
South Asian	155	75	80	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese	195	90	105	1.1	1.1	1.2
Black	85	40	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Filipino	140	65	80	0.8	0.8	0.9
Arab	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin American	105	40	65	0.6	0.5	0.7
Southeast Asian	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	70	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Japanese	95	35	60	0.5	0.4	0.7
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	16,500	8,090	8,410	94.5	95.1	94.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	17,460	8,510	8,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	2,110	1,145	960	12.1	13.5	10.7
English	5,845	2,880	2,970	33.5	33.8	33.2
Irish	3,455	1,615	1,835	19.8	19.0	20.5
Scottish	4,600	2,195	2,400	26.3	25.8	26.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,995	935	1,060	11.4	11.0	11.8
German	2,355	1,080	1,275	13.5	12.7	14.2
Chinese	230	120	110	1.3	1.4	1.2
Italian	1,135	635	500	6.5	7.5	5.6
Indian (India)	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukrainian	900	410	485	5.2	4.8	5.4
Dutch	885	425	460	5.1	5.0	5.1
Polish	545	250	300	3.1	2.9	3.4
Québécois	30	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,025	530	495	5.9	6.2	5.5
Filipino	125	55	65	0.7	0.6	0.7
French Canadian	215	95	125	1.2	1.1	1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	435	200	235	2.5	2.4	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	440	210	235	2.5	2.5	2.6
Métis	350	175	180	2.0	2.1	2.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	385	185	200	2.2	2.2	2.2
Russian	350	180	170	2.0	2.1	1.9
Norwegian	660	320	340	3.8	3.8	3.8
Welsh	705	330	380	4.0	3.9	4.2
Portuguese	45	25	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
American	240	130	110	1.4	1.5	1.2
Spanish	90	55	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
Swedish	685	300	395	3.9	3.5	4.4
Hungarian	205	75	125	1.2	0.9	1.4
Acadian	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jewish	80	35	40	0.5	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	75	55	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
Korean	80	20	60	0.5	0.2	0.7
Romanian	115	30	80	0.7	0.4	0.9
Lebanese	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Iranian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	305	165	140	1.7	1.9	1.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	90	45	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Austrian	135	75	55	0.8	0.9	0.6
Belgian	60	30	35	0.3	0.4	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mennonite	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swiss	100	50	50	0.6	0.6	0.6
Finnish	185	80	105	1.1	0.9	1.2
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Japanese	95	35	60	0.5	0.4	0.7
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	230	95	135	1.3	1.1	1.5
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	130	75	55	0.7	0.9	0.6
Colombian	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Newfoundlander	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	75	30	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	25	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	55	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
South African	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Australian	60	15	45	0.3	0.2	0.5
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	125	55	65	0.7	0.6	0.7
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	45	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Columbian	100	50	45	0.6	0.6	0.5
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	17,460	8,510	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	75	30	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Christian	6,210	2,760	3,450	35.6	32.4	38.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,325	625	695	7.6	7.3	7.8
Anabaptist	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Anglican	695	340	360	4.0	4.0	4.0
Baptist	305	130	180	1.7	1.5	2.0
Catholic	2,115	980	1,130	12.1	11.5	12.6
Christian Orthodox	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	240	95	140	1.4	1.1	1.6
Latter Day Saints	50	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Lutheran	160	60	105	0.9	0.7	1.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	195	95	100	1.1	1.1	1.1
Presbyterian	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Reformed	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
United Church	645	245	395	3.7	2.9	4.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	320	120	200	1.8	1.4	2.2
Hindu	65	30	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sikh	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	190	70	120	1.1	0.8	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	10,800	5,560	5,240	61.9	65.3	58.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	17,360	8,450	8,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	15,320	7,550	7,765	88.2	89.3	87.1
Movers	2,040	900	1,145	11.8	10.7	12.9
Non-migrants	1,075	475	605	6.2	5.6	6.8
Migrants	960	425	535	5.5	5.0	6.0
Internal migrants	910	400	510	5.2	4.7	5.7
Intraprovincial migrants	735	295	440	4.2	3.5	4.9
Interprovincial migrants	175	100	75	1.0	1.2	0.8
External migrants	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	16,835	8,195	8,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	10,200	5,015	5,185	60.6	61.2	60.0
Movers	6,635	3,170	3,465	39.4	38.7	40.1
Non-migrants	2,335	1,040	1,295	13.9	12.7	15.0
Migrants	4,300	2,140	2,165	25.5	26.1	25.0
Internal migrants	4,075	2,050	2,025	24.2	25.0	23.4
Intraprovincial migrants	3,530	1,755	1,775	21.0	21.4	20.5
Interprovincial migrants	545	295	250	3.2	3.6	2.9
External migrants	230	90	140	1.4	1.1	1.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,245	7,345	7,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,945	1,655	1,295	19.3	22.5	16.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	12,295	5,695	6,605	80.6	77.5	83.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,480	4,060	4,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,145	665	485	13.5	16.4	11.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	7,335	3,405	3,935	86.5	83.9	89.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,245	7,345	7,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,465	1,330	1,140	16.2	18.1	14.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,685	2,125	2,560	30.7	28.9	32.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,085	3,890	4,195	53.0	53.0	53.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,690	2,880	2,815	37.3	39.2	35.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,010	1,495	515	13.2	20.4	6.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	790	445	345	5.2	6.1	4.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,225	1,050	170	8.0	14.3	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,110	1,210	1,900	20.4	16.5	24.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	565	170	395	3.7	2.3	5.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,400	1,010	1,390	15.7	13.8	17.6
Bachelor's degree	1,495	590	905	9.8	8.0	11.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	190	85	105	1.2	1.2	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	80	50	30	0.5	0.7	0.4
Master's degree	515	230	285	3.4	3.1	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	115	50	60	0.8	0.7	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,480	4,065	4,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	900	510	385	10.6	12.5	8.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,465	1,185	1,275	29.1	29.2	28.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,120	2,360	2,755	60.4	58.1	62.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,620	1,770	1,855	42.7	43.5	42.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,255	915	340	14.8	22.5	7.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	505	265	235	6.0	6.5	5.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	750	650	105	8.8	16.0	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,995	745	1,245	23.5	18.3	28.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	370	105	270	4.4	2.6	6.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,500	595	905	17.7	14.6	20.5
Bachelor's degree	975	380	590	11.5	9.3	13.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	100	45	55	1.2	1.1	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	65	35	25	0.8	0.9	0.6
Master's degree	305	110	195	3.6	2.7	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	60	25	35	0.7	0.6	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,240	7,345	7,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,155	3,455	3,700	46.9	47.0	46.9
Education	675	190	485	4.4	2.6	6.1
13. Education	675	190	485	4.4	2.6	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	320	160	155	2.1	2.2	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	15	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	295	145	150	1.9	2.0	1.9
Humanities	380	120	255	2.5	1.6	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	10	40	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	125	25	100	0.8	0.3	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	100	40	60	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	715	245	465	4.7	3.3	5.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	135	0	130	0.9	0.0	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	140	45	95	0.9	0.6	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	155	45	110	1.0	0.6	1.4
45. Social sciences	200	105	95	1.3	1.4	1.2
Business, management and public administration	1,065	275	790	7.0	3.7	10.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	110	15	95	0.7	0.2	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	955	260	700	6.3	3.5	8.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	210	115	100	1.4	1.6	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	120	70	50	0.8	1.0	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	45	25	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	175	95	80	1.1	1.3	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	115	70	45	0.8	1.0	0.6
25. Library science	25	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,990	1,865	120	13.1	25.4	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	35	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	140	130	15	0.9	1.8	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	330	305	30	2.2	4.2	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	615	605	15	4.0	8.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	560	535	30	3.7	7.3	0.4
48. Precision production	305	275	25	2.0	3.7	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	290	205	85	1.9	2.8	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	155	85	70	1.0	1.2	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	135	120	20	0.9	1.6	0.3
Health and related fields	1,520	245	1,280	10.0	3.3	16.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	75	35	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,435	195	1,235	9.4	2.7	15.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	760	375	380	5.0	5.1	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	480	140	340	3.1	1.9	4.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	80	75	10	0.5	1.0	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	185	155	30	1.2	2.1	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	8,485	4,065	4,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,365	1,705	1,660	39.7	41.9	37.6
Education	305	75	230	3.6	1.8	5.2
13. Education	305	75	230	3.6	1.8	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	180	95	80	2.1	2.3	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	165	80	80	1.9	2.0	1.8
Humanities	245	80	165	2.9	2.0	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	90	15	75	1.1	0.4	1.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	70	30	45	0.8	0.7	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	25	10	0.4	0.6	0.2
54. History	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	450	145	310	5.3	3.6	7.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	25	20	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	100	0	95	1.2	0.0	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	105	25	80	1.2	0.6	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	85	20	60	1.0	0.5	1.4
45. Social sciences	125	70	55	1.5	1.7	1.2
Business, management and public administration	670	175	490	7.9	4.3	11.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	75	10	70	0.9	0.2	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	590	165	420	7.0	4.1	9.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	125	65	60	1.5	1.6	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	75	45	30	0.9	1.1	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	105	55	50	1.2	1.4	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	90	50	35	1.1	1.2	0.8
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,200	1,110	90	14.1	27.3	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	85	70	10	1.0	1.7	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	190	165	20	2.2	4.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	380	370	10	4.5	9.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	350	335	15	4.1	8.2	0.3
48. Precision production	180	155	20	2.1	3.8	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	195	135	60	2.3	3.3	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	110	60	50	1.3	1.5	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	85	75	10	1.0	1.8	0.2
Health and related fields	1,080	175	905	12.7	4.3	20.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	50	20	30	0.6	0.5	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,025	145	875	12.1	3.6	19.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	570	260	305	6.7	6.4	6.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	360	95	275	4.2	2.3	6.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	70	60	10	0.8	1.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	140	110	25	1.6	2.7	0.6
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	8,485	4,065	4,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,365	1,705	1,660	39.7	41.9	37.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	5,120	2,360	2,760	60.3	58.1	62.4
Location of study inside Canada	4,595	2,145	2,450	54.2	52.8	55.4
Same as province or territory of residence	3,815	1,785	2,035	45.0	43.9	46.0
Different than province or territory of residence	770	360	415	9.1	8.9	9.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	525	220	310	6.2	5.4	7.0
Americas	200	105	100	2.4	2.6	2.3
United States of America	165	95	70	1.9	2.3	1.6
Mexico	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Europe	155	55	100	1.8	1.4	2.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	85	35	50	1.0	0.9	1.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	40	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	120	35	85	1.4	0.9	1.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Philippines	40	10	25	0.5	0.2	0.6
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Oceania	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	15,245	7,345	7,900	...	...	...
In the labour force	7,690	3,820	3,870	...	...	...
Employed	7,065	3,525	3,545	...	...	...
Unemployed	620	295	325	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	7,555	3,525	4,025	...	...	...
Participation rate	50.4	52.0	49.0	50.4	52.0	49.0
Employment rate	46.3	48.0	44.9	46.3	48.0	44.9
Unemployment rate	8.1	7.7	8.4	8.1	7.7	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	15,240	7,345	7,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	7,485	3,465	4,020	49.1	47.2	50.9
Worked	7,755	3,880	3,875	50.9	52.8	49.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	3,320	1,745	1,570	21.8	23.8	19.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,445	2,140	2,305	29.2	29.1	29.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.2	38.3	40.0	39.2	38.3	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	7,690	3,815	3,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	120	65	50	1.6	1.7	1.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	7,575	3,755	3,815	98.5	98.4	98.6
Employee	6,025	2,820	3,205	78.3	73.9	82.8
Permanent position	5,005	2,425	2,575	65.1	63.6	66.5
Temporary position	1,025	395	630	13.3	10.4	16.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	235	95	135	3.1	2.5	3.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	790	300	495	10.3	7.9	12.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,545	935	615	20.1	24.5	15.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	7,690	3,815	3,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	120	65	50	1.6	1.7	1.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	7,575	3,755	3,815	98.5	98.4	98.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	50	35	15	0.7	0.9	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	975	160	820	12.7	4.2	21.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	280	235	45	3.6	6.2	1.2
3 Health occupations	825	175	655	10.7	4.6	16.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	995	275	720	12.9	7.2	18.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	315	140	180	4.1	3.7	4.7
6 Sales and service occupations	1,910	760	1,145	24.8	19.9	29.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,570	1,450	125	20.4	38.0	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	325	255	75	4.2	6.7	1.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	325	285	45	4.2	7.5	1.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	7,690	3,815	3,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	120	65	50	1.6	1.7	1.3
All industries¹⁹¹	7,575	3,755	3,815	98.5	98.4	98.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	335	260	80	4.4	6.8	2.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	55	45	10	0.7	1.2	0.3
22 Utilities	60	45	15	0.8	1.2	0.4
23 Construction	770	700	70	10.0	18.3	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	445	365	80	5.8	9.6	2.1
41 Wholesale trade	110	85	20	1.4	2.2	0.5
44-45 Retail trade	1,040	470	570	13.5	12.3	14.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	395	280	115	5.1	7.3	3.0
51 Information and cultural industries	90	50	45	1.2	1.3	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	175	30	150	2.3	0.8	3.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	115	50	70	1.5	1.3	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	395	200	195	5.1	5.2	5.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	280	190	90	3.6	5.0	2.3
61 Educational services	480	135	340	6.2	3.5	8.8
62 Health care and social assistance	1,410	250	1,160	18.3	6.6	30.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	220	85	135	2.9	2.2	3.5
72 Accommodation and food services	520	190	330	6.8	5.0	8.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	355	180	180	4.6	4.7	4.7
91 Public administration	310	140	165	4.0	3.7	4.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	8,580	4,270	4,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	8,375	4,185	4,195	97.6	98.0	97.3
French	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
English and French	80	40	35	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	85	30	60	1.0	0.7	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	8,580	4,270	4,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	8,560	4,255	4,300	99.8	99.6	99.8
Official languages	8,530	4,250	4,285	99.4	99.5	99.4
English	8,495	4,235	4,265	99.0	99.2	99.0
French	35	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official languages	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	25	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and French	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	8,580	4,270	4,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	8,440	4,210	4,230	98.4	98.6	98.1
English	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
French	55	35	20	0.6	0.8	0.5
Non-official language	60	10	50	0.7	0.2	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Non-Indigenous	45	10	40	0.5	0.2	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	7,065	3,520	3,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	930	385	540	13.2	10.9	15.2
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,350	1,030	320	19.1	29.3	9.0
Usual place of work	4,780	2,110	2,675	67.7	59.9	75.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	4,785	2,110	2,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,530	1,495	2,035	73.8	70.9	76.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	965	420	545	20.2	19.9	20.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	265	175	95	5.5	8.3	3.6
Commute to a different province or territory	15	15	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,135	3,135	3,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	5,385	2,775	2,610	87.8	88.5	87.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	4,965	2,580	2,390	80.9	82.3	79.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	425	200	220	6.9	6.4	7.3
Public transit	105	55	55	1.7	1.8	1.8
Walked	370	150	220	6.0	4.8	7.3
Bicycle	115	55	60	1.9	1.8	2.0
Other method	155	100	55	2.5	3.2	1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,135	3,135	3,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,015	1,845	2,175	65.4	58.9	72.5
15 to 29 minutes	1,420	765	655	23.1	24.4	21.8
30 to 44 minutes	385	260	125	6.3	8.3	4.2
45 to 59 minutes	100	85	15	1.6	2.7	0.5
60 minutes and over	205	180	30	3.3	5.7	1.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,135	3,135	3,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	420	305	115	6.8	9.7	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	965	570	395	15.7	18.2	13.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,285	710	575	20.9	22.6	19.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,715	720	995	28.0	23.0	33.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	945	435	505	15.4	13.9	16.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	810	400	410	13.2	12.8	13.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,770	1,430	1,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	305	155	150	11.0	10.8	11.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,465	1,275	1,190	89.0	89.2	88.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,095	1,100	995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	245	130	120	11.7	11.8	12.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	170	85	85	8.1	7.7	8.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	75	40	35	3.6	3.6	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,845	970	875	88.1	88.2	87.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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