Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	CourtenayMore information: British Columbia [Census agglomeration]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	63,282	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	57,950^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.2	...	...	9.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	29,985	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	28,204	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	101.4	...	...	101.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	624.33	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	63,280	30,310	32,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	8,650	4,450	4,195	13.7	14.7	12.7
0 to 4 years	2,435	1,230	1,200	3.8	4.1	3.6
5 to 9 years	3,115	1,555	1,560	4.9	5.1	4.7
10 to 14 years	3,100	1,665	1,430	4.9	5.5	4.3
15 to 64 years	36,300	17,445	18,855	57.4	57.6	57.2
15 to 19 years	2,855	1,510	1,345	4.5	5.0	4.1
20 to 24 years	2,485	1,310	1,175	3.9	4.3	3.6
25 to 29 years	2,815	1,390	1,425	4.4	4.6	4.3
30 to 34 years	3,340	1,630	1,710	5.3	5.4	5.2
35 to 39 years	3,840	1,810	2,030	6.1	6.0	6.2
40 to 44 years	3,670	1,765	1,905	5.8	5.8	5.8
45 to 49 years	3,550	1,730	1,825	5.6	5.7	5.5
50 to 54 years	3,590	1,645	1,945	5.7	5.4	5.9
55 to 59 years	4,760	2,200	2,560	7.5	7.3	7.8
60 to 64 years	5,405	2,465	2,945	8.5	8.1	8.9
65 years and over	18,335	8,415	9,920	29.0	27.8	30.1
65 to 69 years	5,315	2,360	2,955	8.4	7.8	9.0
70 to 74 years	5,035	2,385	2,655	8.0	7.9	8.1
75 to 79 years	3,545	1,700	1,845	5.6	5.6	5.6
80 to 84 years	2,245	1,060	1,185	3.5	3.5	3.6
85 years and over	2,185	905	1,275	3.5	3.0	3.9
85 to 89 years	1,380	605	770	2.2	2.0	2.3
90 to 94 years	590	235	350	0.9	0.8	1.1
95 to 99 years	185	60	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
100 years and over	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.7	14.7	12.7	13.7	14.7	12.7
15 to 64 years	57.4	57.6	57.2	57.4	57.6	57.2
65 years and over	29.0	27.8	30.1	29.0	27.8	30.1
85 years and over	3.5	3.0	3.9	3.5	3.0	3.9
Average age of the population	47.5	46.4	48.6	47.5	46.4	48.6
Median age of the population	50.8	48.8	52.4	50.8	48.8	52.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	28,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	18,145	...	...	64.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,810	...	...	10.0	...	...
Row house	1,710	...	...	6.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	875	...	...	3.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,585	...	...	12.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	45	...	...	0.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	975	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	28,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,565	...	...	30.4	...	...
2 persons	11,735	...	...	41.6	...	...
3 persons	3,645	...	...	12.9	...	...
4 persons	2,860	...	...	10.1	...	...
5 or more persons	1,400	...	...	5.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	62,020	29,770	32,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	54,635	25,865	28,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	32,860	16,315	16,540	60.1	63.1	57.5
Married	26,020	12,945	13,070	47.6	50.0	45.4
Living common-law	6,840	3,370	3,470	12.5	13.0	12.1
Living common law - Never married	4,405	2,180	2,220	8.1	8.4	7.7
Living common law - Separated	290	145	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	1,895	935	960	3.5	3.6	3.3
Living common law - Widowed	245	105	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	21,780	9,545	12,230	39.9	36.9	42.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	11,975	6,410	5,565	21.9	24.8	19.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,535	645	890	2.8	2.5	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,630	1,670	2,960	8.5	6.5	10.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,640	825	2,815	6.7	3.2	9.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	18,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,945	...	...	63.7	...	...
3 persons	3,315	...	...	17.7	...	...
4 persons	2,605	...	...	13.9	...	...
5 or more persons	900	...	...	4.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	18,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	16,065	...	...	85.6	...	...
Married couples	12,660	...	...	67.5	...	...
With children⁶	4,655	...	...	24.8	...	...
Without children	8,000	...	...	42.6	...	...
Common-law couples	3,405	...	...	18.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,170	...	...	6.2	...	...
Without children	2,240	...	...	11.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,700	...	...	14.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,075	...	...	11.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	620	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	62,020	29,770	32,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	48,980	24,125	24,855	79.0	81.0	77.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	32,130	15,970	16,160	51.8	53.6	50.1
Parents in one-parent families	2,695	620	2,075	4.3	2.1	6.4
Children⁶	14,155	7,540	6,620	22.8	25.3	20.5
In a two-parent family	10,190	5,385	4,805	16.4	18.1	14.9
In a one-parent family	3,965	2,150	1,810	6.4	7.2	5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,040	5,645	7,395	21.0	19.0	22.9
Living alone	8,565	3,390	5,170	13.8	11.4	16.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,115	455	655	1.8	1.5	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	3,365	1,795	1,565	5.4	6.0	4.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	28,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	16,720	...	...	59.3	...	...
Couple-family households	14,655	...	...	52.0	...	...
With children⁶	5,245	...	...	18.6	...	...
Without children	9,410	...	...	33.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,065	...	...	7.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	480	...	...	1.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	170	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	980	...	...	3.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,290	...	...	4.6	...	...
One-person households	8,565	...	...	30.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	53,390	25,330	28,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,160	24,715	27,445	97.7	97.6	97.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	47,600	34,800	40,000	47,600	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,195	24,735	27,465	97.8	97.7	97.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	43,200	32,400	36,800	43,200	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,385	22,860	24,525	88.8	90.2	87.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	39,600	25,000	31,600	39,600	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,170	16,405	16,765	62.1	64.8	59.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	40,000	26,200	32,000	40,000	26,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,865	20,310	24,555	84.0	80.2	87.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,900	12,900	12,900	12,900	12,900	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,660	2,245	2,415	8.7	8.9	8.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,520	5,400	5,480	5,520	5,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,030	5,405	6,625	22.5	21.3	23.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	53,405	25,335	28,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,120	24,770	27,345	97.6	97.8	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,720	58,250	41,960	49,720	58,250	41,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,170	24,785	27,390	97.7	97.8	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,880	49,400	37,000	42,880	49,400	37,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,265	22,910	24,355	88.5	90.4	86.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,120	52,500	34,360	43,120	52,500	34,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,165	16,525	16,645	62.1	65.2	59.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,160	51,300	35,040	43,160	51,300	35,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,615	20,140	24,475	83.5	79.5	87.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,370	11,960	12,720	12,370	11,960	12,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,585	2,215	2,370	8.6	8.7	8.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,480	6,420	6,540	6,480	6,420	6,540
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,790	5,355	6,435	22.1	21.1	22.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,700	8,280	9,040	8,700	8,280	9,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	53,400	25,330	28,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	13,030	7,260	5,770	24.4	28.7	20.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	66,500	53,200	59,600	66,500	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,500	75,000	58,000	67,500	75,000	58,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,355	6,910	8,440	28.8	27.3	30.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	23,200	17,400	19,400	23,200	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,640	37,000	25,420	30,640	37,000	25,420
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.6	83.4	72.8	78.6	83.4	72.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	55.2	58.7	50.8	55.2	58.7	50.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.3	16.7	27.1	21.3	16.7	27.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	3.9	6.7	5.1	3.9	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.1	5.1	4.0	3.1	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	53,390	25,330	28,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,235	615	620	2.3	2.4	2.2
With total income	52,155	24,715	27,445	97.7	97.6	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,780	1,495	2,290	7.2	6.0	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	6,170	2,225	3,945	11.8	9.0	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	8,525	3,290	5,240	16.3	13.3	19.1
$30,000 to $39,999	7,510	3,135	4,380	14.4	12.7	16.0
$40,000 to $49,999	6,310	2,895	3,420	12.1	11.7	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,055	2,485	2,570	9.7	10.1	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,880	2,180	1,705	7.4	8.8	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,015	1,805	1,210	5.8	7.3	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,085	1,260	825	4.0	5.1	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,540	950	590	3.0	3.8	2.1
$100,000 and over	4,280	3,005	1,280	8.2	12.2	4.7
$100,000 to $149,999	2,980	2,005	980	5.7	8.1	3.6
$150,000 and over	1,295	995	305	2.5	4.0	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	53,390	25,330	28,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,195	600	595	2.2	2.4	2.1
With after-tax income	52,195	24,730	27,465	97.8	97.6	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,120	1,580	2,540	7.9	6.4	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	6,410	2,325	4,085	12.3	9.4	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	9,550	3,715	5,830	18.3	15.0	21.2
$30,000 to $39,999	8,555	3,685	4,870	16.4	14.9	17.7
$40,000 to $49,999	7,085	3,405	3,675	13.6	13.8	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	5,210	2,810	2,405	10.0	11.4	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	3,850	2,300	1,550	7.4	9.3	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,440	1,490	945	4.7	6.0	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,650	1,010	635	3.2	4.1	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	970	645	325	1.9	2.6	1.2
$100,000 and over	2,360	1,765	600	4.5	7.1	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,255	910	345	2.4	3.7	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,105	855	250	2.1	3.5	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	53,390	25,330	28,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,220	8,925	11,300	37.9	35.2	40.3
With employment income	33,170	16,405	16,765	62.1	64.8	59.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,515	2,495	3,020	16.6	15.2	18.0
$5,000 to $9,999	2,720	1,090	1,630	8.2	6.6	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	4,080	1,670	2,410	12.3	10.2	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	3,530	1,470	2,060	10.6	9.0	12.3
$30,000 to $39,999	3,200	1,460	1,745	9.6	8.9	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	2,875	1,330	1,545	8.7	8.1	9.2
$50,000 to $59,999	2,420	1,175	1,245	7.3	7.2	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	2,100	1,255	845	6.3	7.7	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,720	1,065	655	5.2	6.5	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,285	785	500	3.9	4.8	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,035	625	415	3.1	3.8	2.5
$100,000 and over	2,690	1,985	705	8.1	12.1	4.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,305	880	420	3.9	5.4	2.5
$125,000 and over	1,380	1,105	280	4.2	6.7	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	53,390	25,330	28,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,155	24,210	26,940	95.8	95.6	96.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,800	31,800	38,000	46,800	31,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,270	24,220	27,055	96.0	95.6	96.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	41,600	29,000	34,400	41,600	29,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,145	22,660	24,490	88.3	89.5	87.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	41,200	26,000	32,400	41,200	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,070	17,935	18,135	67.6	70.8	64.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	37,200	25,200	30,000	37,200	25,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,755	16,255	21,505	70.7	64.2	76.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,600	11,900	10,000	10,600	11,900	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,855	1,915	1,935	7.2	7.6	6.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,160	5,080	5,320	5,160	5,080	5,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	53,405	25,335	28,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,135	24,290	26,845	95.7	95.9	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,840	57,000	39,520	47,840	57,000	39,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,300	24,305	26,995	96.1	95.9	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,640	47,840	34,200	40,640	47,840	34,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,165	22,740	24,430	88.3	89.8	87.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,640	53,450	34,560	43,640	53,450	34,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,260	18,100	18,155	67.9	71.4	64.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,720	48,240	33,240	40,720	48,240	33,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,555	16,180	21,375	70.3	63.9	76.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,280	10,450	10,160	10,280	10,450	10,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,770	1,910	1,860	7.1	7.5	6.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,690	6,355	7,040	6,690	6,355	7,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	53,400	25,330	28,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,940	7,235	5,705	24.2	28.6	20.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	62,800	49,600	56,000	62,800	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,400	71,000	53,800	63,400	71,000	53,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,810	6,640	8,165	27.7	26.2	29.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	29,600	22,000	25,000	29,600	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,680	43,400	29,360	35,680	43,400	29,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.2	87.8	79.6	84.2	87.8	79.6
Employment income (%)	60.4	63.1	56.8	60.4	63.1	56.8
Government transfers (%)	15.8	12.2	20.5	15.8	12.2	20.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.9	1.2	1.0	0.9	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	28,205	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	19,645	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	28,210	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,800	...	...	91,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,300	...	...	79,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,640	...	...	47,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,560	...	...	41,560	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	19,665	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,100	...	...	111,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,700	...	...	95,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	28,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	215	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	115	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	215	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	605	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,265	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	940	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,015	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,220	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,200	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,195	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,390	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,250	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,175	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,900	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,785	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,720	...	...	34.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,415	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,180	...	...	7.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,420	...	...	8.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,700	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	28,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	265	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	120	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	230	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	610	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,345	...	...	4.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,055	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,230	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,355	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,370	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,365	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,745	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,650	...	...	9.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,290	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,175	...	...	7.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,830	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,565	...	...	26.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,190	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,885	...	...	6.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,485	...	...	8.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	18,600	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,670	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,925	5,185	6,735	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	40,400	36,400	38,000	40,400	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	36,800	33,600	35,200	36,800	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	18,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,600	...	...	110,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,100	...	...	95,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,650	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,700	...	...	87,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,100	...	...	118,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,200	...	...	75,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,400	...	...	67,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,725	5,020	6,705	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,880	48,240	42,360	44,880	48,240	42,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,440	41,920	37,560	39,440	41,920	37,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	62,020	29,770	32,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	10,355	5,345	5,015	16.7	18.0	15.6
0 to 5 years	3,065	1,570	1,495	4.9	5.3	4.6
18 to 64 years	34,235	16,320	17,915	55.2	54.8	55.6
65 years and over	17,425	8,110	9,320	28.1	27.2	28.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,395	2,775	3,620	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,150	585	570	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	350	185	165	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,175	1,425	1,750	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,065	770	1,295	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.3	9.3	11.2	10.3	9.3	11.2
0 to 17 years (%)	11.1	10.9	11.4	11.1	10.9	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	11.4	11.8	11.0	11.4	11.8	11.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.3	8.7	9.8	9.3	8.7	9.8
65 years and over (%)	11.9	9.5	13.9	11.9	9.5	13.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	61,730	29,625	32,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	10,305	5,320	4,985	16.7	18.0	15.5
0 to 5 years	3,040	1,555	1,485	4.9	5.2	4.6
18 to 64 years	34,055	16,225	17,830	55.2	54.8	55.5
65 years and over	17,370	8,080	9,290	28.1	27.3	28.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,045	960	1,090	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	365	185	180	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	90	60	35	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,405	675	735	...	...	...
65 years and over	270	95	175	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.6
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	3.6	2.4	3.0	3.6	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.1	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.2	4.1
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.2	1.9	1.6	1.2	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	62,020	29,770	32,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	32,565	15,090	17,475	52.5	50.7	54.2
In bottom decile	6,155	2,755	3,405	9.9	9.3	10.6
In second decile	6,110	2,715	3,395	9.9	9.1	10.5
In third decile	6,480	2,975	3,505	10.4	10.0	10.9
In fourth decile	6,865	3,300	3,565	11.1	11.1	11.1
In fifth decile	6,950	3,350	3,600	11.2	11.3	11.2
In top half of the distribution	29,460	14,680	14,775	47.5	49.3	45.8
In sixth decile	6,530	3,175	3,355	10.5	10.7	10.4
In seventh decile	6,645	3,310	3,330	10.7	11.1	10.3
In eighth decile	6,035	3,045	2,990	9.7	10.2	9.3
In ninth decile	5,600	2,805	2,790	9.0	9.4	8.7
In top decile	4,650	2,345	2,305	7.5	7.9	7.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	62,020	...	...	62,020	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.302	...	...	0.302	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.423	...	...	0.423	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.268	...	...	0.268	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	62,665	30,085	32,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	56,095	27,150	28,945	89.5	90.2	88.9
French only	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	6,365	2,855	3,515	10.2	9.5	10.8
Neither English nor French	175	75	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	62,665	30,085	32,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	60,945	29,265	31,680	97.3	97.3	97.3
French	1,470	715	755	2.3	2.4	2.3
English and French	95	45	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	155	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	62,665	30,085	32,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	61,655	29,630	32,020	98.4	98.5	98.3
Official languages	57,580	27,850	29,730	91.9	92.6	91.3
English	56,065	27,120	28,945	89.5	90.1	88.9
French	1,515	730	785	2.4	2.4	2.4
Non-official languages	4,075	1,785	2,295	6.5	5.9	7.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,055	1,770	2,280	6.5	5.9	7.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	80	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	190	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	185	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	295	95	200	0.5	0.3	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	220	75	145	0.4	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,575	1,140	1,435	4.1	3.8	4.4
Albanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	390	170	220	0.6	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	385	165	215	0.6	0.5	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	125	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,340	560	780	2.1	1.9	2.4
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	790	325	470	1.3	1.1	1.4
German	740	300	445	1.2	1.0	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	400	175	225	0.6	0.6	0.7
Afrikaans	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	330	140	190	0.5	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	145	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Danish	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	355	180	175	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	315	160	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	160	70	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	445	200	250	0.7	0.7	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	245	95	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	115	35	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	390	155	235	0.6	0.5	0.7
Chinese languages	385	155	230	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	190	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	170	65	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,010	455	550	1.6	1.5	1.7
English and French	370	185	185	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	530	230	305	0.8	0.8	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	62,665	30,085	32,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	57,785	27,905	29,880	92.2	92.8	91.7
French	380	175	205	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official language	655	335	325	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	655	335	320	1.0	1.1	1.0
English and French	1,005	455	550	1.6	1.5	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	2,615	1,130	1,485	4.2	3.8	4.6
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	130	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	62,665	30,085	32,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	62,100	29,845	32,260	99.1	99.2	99.0
Official languages	60,815	29,220	31,595	97.0	97.1	97.0
English	60,280	28,975	31,305	96.2	96.3	96.1
French	535	245	290	0.9	0.8	0.9
Non-official languages	1,285	620	665	2.1	2.1	2.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,280	620	660	2.0	2.1	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	135	50	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	30	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	550	270	280	0.9	0.9	0.9
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	145	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	215	110	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	195	100	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	210	100	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	210	100	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	45	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	565	245	315	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and French	165	70	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	385	170	220	0.6	0.6	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	62,665	30,085	32,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	59,305	28,630	30,675	94.6	95.2	94.2
English	615	290	325	1.0	1.0	1.0
French	710	320	395	1.1	1.1	1.2
Non-official language	1,670	700	970	2.7	2.3	3.0
Indigenous³⁹	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,635	690	950	2.6	2.3	2.9
English and French	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	100	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	165	75	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	62,025	29,780	32,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	61,855	29,705	32,155	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	61,835	29,690	32,145	99.7	99.7	99.7
French	6,325	2,890	3,435	10.2	9.7	10.7
Non-official languages	6,625	2,895	3,735	10.7	9.7	11.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	85	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,545	2,870	3,670	10.6	9.6	11.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	160	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	100	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	230	125	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	230	125	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	520	165	350	0.8	0.6	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	75	15	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	435	155	285	0.7	0.5	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,535	2,045	2,490	7.3	6.9	7.7
Albanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	455	215	240	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	455	215	230	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	110	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	140	55	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	90	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,820	765	1,060	2.9	2.6	3.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,310	565	745	2.1	1.9	2.3
German	1,275	550	725	2.1	1.8	2.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	405	170	235	0.7	0.6	0.7
Afrikaans	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	320	135	185	0.5	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	165	60	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swedish	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	465	240	220	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	415	215	200	0.7	0.7	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	245	125	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	280	130	150	0.5	0.4	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,890	845	1,045	3.0	2.8	3.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	275	125	150	0.4	0.4	0.5
Portuguese	145	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	1,530	665	875	2.5	2.2	2.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	280	100	180	0.5	0.3	0.6
Korean	195	90	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	125	40	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	110	40	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	445	185	260	0.7	0.6	0.8
Chinese languages	445	185	260	0.7	0.6	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	220	85	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	290	115	170	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	120	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	62,025	29,780	32,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,585	2,045	2,540	7.4	6.9	7.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,430	1,960	2,465	7.1	6.6	7.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,585	1,145	1,435	4.2	3.8	4.4
Métis	1,790	805	990	2.9	2.7	3.1
Inuk (Inuit)	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	105	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	57,445	27,730	29,715	92.6	93.1	92.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	62,025	29,780	32,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,235	570	670	2.0	1.9	2.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	60,790	29,210	31,580	98.0	98.1	97.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	28,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	21,460	...	...	76.1	...	...
Renter	6,720	...	...	23.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	28,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,215	...	...	14.9	...	...
Not condominium	24,000	...	...	85.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	28,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	180	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	2,430	...	...	8.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,555	...	...	30.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,380	...	...	40.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,665	...	...	20.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	28,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,900	...	...	24.5	...	...
5 rooms	5,360	...	...	19.0	...	...
6 rooms	4,970	...	...	17.6	...	...
7 rooms	3,840	...	...	13.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,135	...	...	25.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	28,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	27,990	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	220	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	28,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	27,475	...	...	97.4	...	...
Not suitable	740	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	28,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,225	...	...	11.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	7,025	...	...	24.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,010	...	...	14.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,800	...	...	20.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,745	...	...	6.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,500	...	...	8.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,530	...	...	5.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,380	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	28,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	26,640	...	...	94.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,570	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	28,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	13,740	...	...	48.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	13,360	...	...	47.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,105	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	28,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	465	...	...	1.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,685	...	...	9.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,955	...	...	14.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,045	...	...	14.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,900	...	...	20.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,160	...	...	21.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,710	...	...	13.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,290	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	27,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,235	...	...	79.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,710	...	...	20.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,245	...	...	18.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	28,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,425	...	...	26.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,200	...	...	18.4	...	...
Not suitable only	565	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,075	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	90	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	410	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	20,785	...	...	73.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	27,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,485	...	...	9.0	...	...
Not in core need	24,995	...	...	91.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,275	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.7	...	...	52.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.6	...	...	14.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,243	...	...	1,243	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	645,000	...	...	645,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	677,000	...	...	677,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,715	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.3	...	...	11.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.9	...	...	38.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.2	...	...	22.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200	...	...	1,200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,251	...	...	1,251	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	30	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	440	...	...	440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	440	...	...	440	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	62,030	29,775	32,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,265	650	620	2.0	2.2	1.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,250	635	615	2.0	2.1	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	865	450	415	1.4	1.5	1.3
Métis single ancestry	355	185	175	0.6	0.6	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,760	1,665	2,100	6.1	5.6	6.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,660	1,610	2,055	5.9	5.4	6.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,560	1,115	1,450	4.1	3.7	4.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,070	490	580	1.7	1.6	1.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	57,000	27,470	29,530	91.9	92.3	91.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	62,030	29,775	32,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	59,740	28,815	30,930	96.3	96.8	95.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	10,185	5,265	4,920	16.4	17.7	15.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	49,560	23,550	26,015	79.9	79.1	80.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,285	965	1,315	3.7	3.2	4.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	62,030	29,775	32,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	53,470	25,855	27,620	86.2	86.8	85.6
Immigrants⁸¹	8,005	3,695	4,305	12.9	12.4	13.3
Before 1980	4,015	1,825	2,185	6.5	6.1	6.8
1980 to 1990	965	440	525	1.6	1.5	1.6
1991 to 2000	755	370	385	1.2	1.2	1.2
2001 to 2010	990	450	540	1.6	1.5	1.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,275	615	660	2.1	2.1	2.0
2011 to 2015	580	270	310	0.9	0.9	1.0
2016 to 2021	695	345	355	1.1	1.2	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	550	225	330	0.9	0.8	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,005	3,695	4,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,080	535	545	13.5	14.5	12.7
5 to 14 years	1,475	750	730	18.4	20.3	17.0
15 to 24 years	1,685	720	970	21.0	19.5	22.5
25 to 44 years	3,260	1,460	1,795	40.7	39.5	41.7
45 years and over	500	235	270	6.2	6.4	6.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,005	3,695	4,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,375	555	820	17.2	15.0	19.0
Brazil	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	45	25	20	0.6	0.7	0.5
Guyana	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Haiti	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	20	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Mexico	55	10	50	0.7	0.3	1.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
United States of America	1,005	400	605	12.6	10.8	14.1
Other places of birth in Americas	165	65	100	2.1	1.8	2.3
Europe	4,685	2,310	2,375	58.5	62.5	55.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Croatia	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
France	160	85	75	2.0	2.3	1.7
Germany	610	270	340	7.6	7.3	7.9
Greece	25	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hungary	20	15	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
Italy	95	55	45	1.2	1.5	1.0
Netherlands	220	90	135	2.7	2.4	3.1
Poland	90	40	55	1.1	1.1	1.3
Portugal	45	25	15	0.6	0.7	0.3
Romania	40	30	10	0.5	0.8	0.2
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Serbia⁸⁶	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	30	10	25	0.4	0.3	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,705	1,355	1,345	33.8	36.7	31.2
Other places of birth in Europe	565	285	275	7.1	7.7	6.4
Africa	275	130	145	3.4	3.5	3.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Eritrea	20	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	30	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	120	45	70	1.5	1.2	1.6
Other places of birth in Africa	85	45	45	1.1	1.2	1.0
Asia	1,445	605	835	18.1	16.4	19.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	30	20	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	15	25	0.5	0.4	0.6
Turkey	20	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
China⁹⁰	95	55	45	1.2	1.5	1.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	145	70	80	1.8	1.9	1.9
Taiwan	30	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.2
Philippines	415	135	285	5.2	3.7	6.6
Viet Nam	230	115	115	2.9	3.1	2.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	170	90	80	2.1	2.4	1.9
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	190	50	135	2.4	1.4	3.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	225	100	125	2.8	2.7	2.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	700	340	355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	135	75	55	19.3	22.1	15.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	80	45	35	11.4	13.2	9.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	25	25	6.4	7.4	7.0
Europe	200	115	85	28.6	33.8	23.9
France	40	20	15	5.7	5.9	4.2
Germany	15	0	15	2.1	0.0	4.2
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	2.1	4.4	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	1.4	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	1.4	0.0	2.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	45	25	9.3	13.2	7.0
Other places of birth in Europe	50	30	20	7.1	8.8	5.6
Africa	65	35	30	9.3	10.3	8.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	20	10	10	2.9	2.9	2.8
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	15	2.1	2.9	4.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	2.1	2.9	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	10	2.1	2.9	2.8
Asia	255	105	145	36.4	30.9	40.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10	2.1	2.9	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	75	40	30	10.7	11.8	8.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	1.4	0.0	2.8
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	85	25	60	12.1	7.4	16.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	25	10	15	3.6	2.9	4.2
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	45	10	35	6.4	2.9	9.9
Australia	45	10	35	6.4	2.9	9.9
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	62,025	29,780	32,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,520	4,395	5,120	15.3	14.8	15.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	11,770	5,640	6,130	19.0	18.9	19.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	40,740	19,740	21,000	65.7	66.3	65.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,990	1,875	2,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,055	1,010	1,045	51.5	53.9	49.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	955	465	490	23.9	24.8	23.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,100	550	560	27.6	29.3	26.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,520	625	890	38.1	33.3	42.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	380	215	160	9.5	11.5	7.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	20	25	0.9	1.1	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,990	1,875	2,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	65	35	35	1.6	1.9	1.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	910	410	500	22.8	21.9	23.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	145	60	80	3.6	3.2	3.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	225	95	135	5.6	5.1	6.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	10	40	1.3	0.5	1.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,595	1,265	1,330	65.0	67.5	62.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	62,025	29,780	32,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,790	1,795	1,995	6.1	6.0	6.2
South Asian	630	315	315	1.0	1.1	1.0
Chinese	625	310	315	1.0	1.0	1.0
Black	370	210	155	0.6	0.7	0.5
Filipino	625	250	370	1.0	0.8	1.1
Arab	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	245	105	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Southeast Asian	365	175	195	0.6	0.6	0.6
West Asian	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	225	110	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	305	120	190	0.5	0.4	0.6
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	115	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	160	70	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	58,240	27,985	30,250	93.9	94.0	93.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	62,030	29,780	32,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	7,690	3,880	3,815	12.4	13.0	11.8
English	21,125	10,070	11,050	34.1	33.8	34.3
Irish	12,470	5,640	6,830	20.1	18.9	21.2
Scottish	16,610	7,670	8,940	26.8	25.8	27.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,295	2,900	3,390	10.1	9.7	10.5
German	8,640	4,095	4,550	13.9	13.8	14.1
Chinese	770	355	415	1.2	1.2	1.3
Italian	2,105	995	1,115	3.4	3.3	3.5
Indian (India)	470	225	250	0.8	0.8	0.8
Ukrainian	3,330	1,475	1,855	5.4	5.0	5.8
Dutch	3,095	1,475	1,625	5.0	5.0	5.0
Polish	2,030	895	1,125	3.3	3.0	3.5
Québécois	195	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,935	1,890	2,045	6.3	6.3	6.3
Filipino	610	255	360	1.0	0.9	1.1
French Canadian	820	390	430	1.3	1.3	1.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,360	680	675	2.2	2.3	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,650	750	900	2.7	2.5	2.8
Métis	1,540	735	805	2.5	2.5	2.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,815	915	895	2.9	3.1	2.8
Russian	1,160	515	640	1.9	1.7	2.0
Norwegian	2,425	1,135	1,295	3.9	3.8	4.0
Welsh	2,330	1,130	1,200	3.8	3.8	3.7
Portuguese	375	175	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
American	1,285	620	670	2.1	2.1	2.1
Spanish	410	185	225	0.7	0.6	0.7
Swedish	1,865	905	965	3.0	3.0	3.0
Hungarian	680	335	340	1.1	1.1	1.1
Acadian	210	100	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	155	75	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jewish	385	165	220	0.6	0.6	0.7
Punjabi	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	245	130	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	275	100	180	0.4	0.3	0.6
Jamaican	45	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	90	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	375	175	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korean	210	100	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	315	175	135	0.5	0.6	0.4
Lebanese	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	90	45	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Danish	990	445	545	1.6	1.5	1.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	420	180	240	0.7	0.6	0.7
Sikh	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austrian	730	345	385	1.2	1.2	1.2
Belgian	375	180	190	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	180	70	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	215	110	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Swiss	465	215	245	0.7	0.7	0.8
Finnish	710	310	405	1.1	1.0	1.3
Sri Lankan	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	165	90	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Japanese	345	140	215	0.6	0.5	0.7
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	150	100	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	525	220	305	0.8	0.7	0.9
Muslim	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	665	315	345	1.1	1.1	1.1
Colombian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	260	140	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
Syrian	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	80	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Newfoundlander	120	45	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	75	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	120	45	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	125	40	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	165	60	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
South African	155	80	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australian	325	150	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
Palestinian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chilean	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	85	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	125	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	135	80	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
British Columbian	450	235	210	0.7	0.8	0.7
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Byelorussian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	195	85	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	50	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	15	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Honduran	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Costa Rican	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	62,025	29,780	32,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	255	95	165	0.4	0.3	0.5
Christian	20,395	8,805	11,590	32.9	29.6	35.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,895	1,775	2,120	6.3	6.0	6.6
Anabaptist	90	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Anglican	3,065	1,265	1,805	4.9	4.2	5.6
Baptist	750	305	445	1.2	1.0	1.4
Catholic	6,165	2,740	3,420	9.9	9.2	10.6
Christian Orthodox	260	125	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	260	135	130	0.4	0.5	0.4
Latter Day Saints	115	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	670	275	390	1.1	0.9	1.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	500	230	275	0.8	0.8	0.9
Presbyterian	395	165	225	0.6	0.6	0.7
Reformed	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Church	2,915	1,130	1,780	4.7	3.8	5.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,165	490	680	1.9	1.6	2.1
Hindu	150	80	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jewish	190	65	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
Muslim	160	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	215	95	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	95	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,000	325	670	1.6	1.1	2.1
No religion and secular perspectives	39,575	20,190	19,385	63.8	67.8	60.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	61,555	29,540	32,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	53,560	25,675	27,885	87.0	86.9	87.1
Movers	8,000	3,870	4,130	13.0	13.1	12.9
Non-migrants	3,305	1,600	1,710	5.4	5.4	5.3
Migrants	4,690	2,275	2,420	7.6	7.7	7.6
Internal migrants	4,360	2,145	2,220	7.1	7.3	6.9
Intraprovincial migrants	3,155	1,540	1,620	5.1	5.2	5.1
Interprovincial migrants	1,210	605	600	2.0	2.0	1.9
External migrants	325	125	200	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	59,585	28,485	31,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	32,325	15,480	16,845	54.3	54.3	54.2
Movers	27,260	13,005	14,255	45.7	45.7	45.8
Non-migrants	6,170	2,930	3,240	10.4	10.3	10.4
Migrants	21,085	10,075	11,015	35.4	35.4	35.4
Internal migrants	19,730	9,435	10,295	33.1	33.1	33.1
Intraprovincial migrants	15,065	7,175	7,885	25.3	25.2	25.3
Interprovincial migrants	4,665	2,260	2,410	7.8	7.9	7.7
External migrants	1,360	640	720	2.3	2.2	2.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,400	25,330	28,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,290	4,470	3,815	15.5	17.6	13.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	45,110	20,860	24,255	84.5	82.4	86.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,780	14,535	16,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,320	1,950	1,370	10.8	13.4	8.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	27,460	12,590	14,870	89.2	86.6	91.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,405	25,335	28,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,880	3,605	3,275	12.9	14.2	11.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,315	7,880	8,435	30.5	31.1	30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,205	13,845	16,360	56.6	54.6	58.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,965	8,580	9,385	33.6	33.9	33.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,245	3,810	1,440	9.8	15.0	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,280	1,295	985	4.3	5.1	3.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,965	2,510	455	5.6	9.9	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,115	4,225	6,890	20.8	16.7	24.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,600	550	1,055	3.0	2.2	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,240	5,265	6,975	22.9	20.8	24.8
Bachelor's degree	7,530	3,220	4,310	14.1	12.7	15.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	935	350	585	1.8	1.4	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	440	240	205	0.8	0.9	0.7
Master's degree	2,930	1,200	1,730	5.5	4.7	6.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	405	250	150	0.8	1.0	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,775	14,540	16,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,595	1,505	1,090	8.4	10.4	6.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,810	4,405	4,405	28.6	30.3	27.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,375	8,625	10,745	63.0	59.3	66.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,365	5,410	5,950	36.9	37.2	36.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,245	2,360	885	10.5	16.2	5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,415	820	595	4.6	5.6	3.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,835	1,545	290	6.0	10.6	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,085	2,695	4,395	23.0	18.5	27.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,030	355	670	3.3	2.4	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,015	3,215	4,800	26.0	22.1	29.6
Bachelor's degree	5,090	2,095	2,995	16.5	14.4	18.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	575	200	375	1.9	1.4	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	305	135	170	1.0	0.9	1.0
Master's degree	1,900	710	1,185	6.2	4.9	7.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	145	75	75	0.5	0.5	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	53,405	25,330	28,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,200	11,485	11,715	43.4	45.3	41.7
Education	2,805	715	2,090	5.3	2.8	7.4
13. Education	2,805	715	2,090	5.3	2.8	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,280	500	775	2.4	2.0	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	85	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,180	415	760	2.2	1.6	2.7
Humanities	1,375	555	820	2.6	2.2	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110	20	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	415	135	280	0.8	0.5	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	360	140	215	0.7	0.6	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	65	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	205	115	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,935	1,030	1,895	5.5	4.1	6.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	270	110	155	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	515	25	485	1.0	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	365	120	245	0.7	0.5	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	575	175	395	1.1	0.7	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,100	580	520	2.1	2.3	1.9
Business, management and public administration	5,095	1,695	3,400	9.5	6.7	12.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	620	125	505	1.2	0.5	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,465	1,565	2,895	8.4	6.2	10.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,275	725	555	2.4	2.9	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	570	260	305	1.1	1.0	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	210	135	70	0.4	0.5	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	400	290	110	0.7	1.1	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	640	350	290	1.2	1.4	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	425	275	150	0.8	1.1	0.5
25. Library science	105	0	100	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,725	5,300	435	10.7	20.9	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	150	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	815	720	95	1.5	2.8	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,165	1,025	135	2.2	4.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,600	1,560	45	3.0	6.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,440	1,385	55	2.7	5.5	0.2
48. Precision production	560	525	30	1.0	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,170	655	515	2.2	2.6	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	615	275	340	1.2	1.1	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	550	380	170	1.0	1.5	0.6
Health and related fields	5,625	995	4,630	10.5	3.9	16.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	360	155	205	0.7	0.6	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,135	760	4,375	9.6	3.0	15.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	80	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,275	1,315	960	4.3	5.2	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,250	455	795	2.3	1.8	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95	70	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
43. Security and protective services	315	220	100	0.6	0.9	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	610	560	50	1.1	2.2	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	30,780	14,535	16,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,405	5,905	5,490	37.1	40.6	33.8
Education	1,380	330	1,055	4.5	2.3	6.5
13. Education	1,380	330	1,055	4.5	2.3	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	905	355	545	2.9	2.4	3.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	50	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	845	305	545	2.7	2.1	3.4
Humanities	775	290	480	2.5	2.0	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	210	60	150	0.7	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	205	75	130	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	40	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	120	60	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,950	615	1,335	6.3	4.2	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	205	80	130	0.7	0.6	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	335	20	320	1.1	0.1	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	220	55	170	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	375	95	280	1.2	0.7	1.7
45. Social sciences	720	350	370	2.3	2.4	2.3
Business, management and public administration	3,390	1,060	2,325	11.0	7.3	14.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	420	65	355	1.4	0.4	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,965	995	1,965	9.6	6.8	12.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	830	445	385	2.7	3.1	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	360	160	200	1.2	1.1	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	95	50	0.5	0.7	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	250	160	90	0.8	1.1	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	410	260	150	1.3	1.8	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	310	215	95	1.0	1.5	0.6
25. Library science	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,560	3,230	325	11.6	22.2	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	85	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	550	465	90	1.8	3.2	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	700	605	95	2.3	4.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,055	1,015	40	3.4	7.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	840	800	40	2.7	5.5	0.2
48. Precision production	330	310	25	1.1	2.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	880	470	410	2.9	3.2	2.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	445	180	265	1.4	1.2	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	430	290	145	1.4	2.0	0.9
Health and related fields	3,775	720	3,055	12.3	5.0	18.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	275	115	160	0.9	0.8	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,405	545	2,860	11.1	3.7	17.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	60	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,515	840	680	4.9	5.8	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	890	325	565	2.9	2.2	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	225	160	65	0.7	1.1	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	370	330	40	1.2	2.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	30,780	14,535	16,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,405	5,905	5,490	37.1	40.6	33.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	19,375	8,630	10,750	62.9	59.4	66.2
Location of study inside Canada	17,260	7,670	9,590	56.1	52.8	59.1
Same as province or territory of residence	11,650	5,075	6,575	37.8	34.9	40.5
Different than province or territory of residence	5,615	2,595	3,015	18.2	17.9	18.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,110	955	1,155	6.9	6.6	7.1
Americas	575	265	315	1.9	1.8	1.9
United States of America	520	240	280	1.7	1.7	1.7
Mexico	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Europe	785	395	390	2.6	2.7	2.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	45	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Germany	85	30	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Netherlands	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Switzerland	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	400	215	185	1.3	1.5	1.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	75	50	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Africa	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asia	530	200	330	1.7	1.4	2.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	70	25	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Philippines	190	60	130	0.6	0.4	0.8
Viet Nam	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	115	60	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	155	60	95	0.5	0.4	0.6
Australia	115	35	80	0.4	0.2	0.5
New Zealand	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	53,405	25,335	28,070	...	...	...
In the labour force	29,510	14,770	14,740	...	...	...
Employed	27,140	13,525	13,620	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,370	1,245	1,125	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	23,890	10,565	13,330	...	...	...
Participation rate	55.3	58.3	52.5	55.3	58.3	52.5
Employment rate	50.8	53.4	48.5	50.8	53.4	48.5
Unemployment rate	8.0	8.4	7.6	8.0	8.4	7.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	53,405	25,330	28,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	23,320	10,245	13,070	43.7	40.4	46.6
Worked	30,085	15,085	14,995	56.3	59.6	53.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	13,545	7,565	5,980	25.4	29.9	21.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	16,535	7,520	9,020	31.0	29.7	32.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0	40.4	39.6	40.0	40.4	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	29,515	14,765	14,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	520	250	270	1.8	1.7	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	28,995	14,520	14,470	98.2	98.3	98.1
Employee	22,915	11,195	11,725	77.6	75.8	79.5
Permanent position	18,770	9,190	9,580	63.6	62.2	65.0
Temporary position	4,145	2,000	2,145	14.0	13.5	14.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,200	640	560	4.1	4.3	3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,945	1,360	1,585	10.0	9.2	10.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,075	3,330	2,750	20.6	22.6	18.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	29,515	14,765	14,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	520	250	270	1.8	1.7	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	28,995	14,520	14,470	98.2	98.3	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	255	160	100	0.9	1.1	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,620	945	2,675	12.3	6.4	18.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,815	1,345	475	6.1	9.1	3.2
3 Health occupations	2,875	585	2,295	9.7	4.0	15.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,990	1,640	2,345	13.5	11.1	15.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,225	480	740	4.2	3.3	5.0
6 Sales and service occupations	8,015	3,270	4,745	27.2	22.1	32.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,225	4,665	560	17.7	31.6	3.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,325	950	375	4.5	6.4	2.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	640	485	160	2.2	3.3	1.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	29,515	14,765	14,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	520	250	270	1.8	1.7	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	28,995	14,520	14,470	98.2	98.3	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,285	855	425	4.4	5.8	2.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	295	270	25	1.0	1.8	0.2
22 Utilities	130	115	15	0.4	0.8	0.1
23 Construction	2,805	2,400	405	9.5	16.3	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	880	610	265	3.0	4.1	1.8
41 Wholesale trade	455	325	130	1.5	2.2	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	4,035	1,930	2,105	13.7	13.1	14.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,120	810	315	3.8	5.5	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	380	230	155	1.3	1.6	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	660	245	410	2.2	1.7	2.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	455	195	260	1.5	1.3	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,065	1,030	1,040	7.0	7.0	7.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,260	740	525	4.3	5.0	3.6
61 Educational services	2,015	620	1,400	6.8	4.2	9.5
62 Health care and social assistance	4,360	805	3,560	14.8	5.5	24.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	810	395	415	2.7	2.7	2.8
72 Accommodation and food services	2,165	835	1,330	7.3	5.7	9.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,235	510	725	4.2	3.5	4.9
91 Public administration	2,550	1,595	960	8.6	10.8	6.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	32,330	16,135	16,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	31,430	15,690	15,740	97.2	97.2	97.2
French	110	25	85	0.3	0.2	0.5
Non-official language	50	35	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	35	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	505	280	225	1.6	1.7	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	235	100	135	0.7	0.6	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	32,330	16,135	16,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	32,270	16,095	16,175	99.8	99.8	99.8
Official languages	32,165	16,030	16,140	99.5	99.3	99.6
English	32,010	15,995	16,015	99.0	99.1	98.9
French	160	40	125	0.5	0.2	0.8
Non-official languages	100	65	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	100	65	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Chinese languages	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	60	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	40	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	32,330	16,135	16,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	31,650	15,785	15,865	97.9	97.8	97.9
English	105	45	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
French	410	235	175	1.3	1.5	1.1
Non-official language	160	70	90	0.5	0.4	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	140	60	80	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	27,145	13,525	13,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,610	2,135	2,470	17.0	15.8	18.1
Worked outside Canada	60	55	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,555	3,415	1,145	16.8	25.2	8.4
Usual place of work	17,910	7,915	10,000	66.0	58.5	73.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	17,915	7,915	10,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,005	3,430	4,575	44.7	43.3	45.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,595	3,195	4,405	42.4	40.4	44.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,070	1,105	965	11.6	14.0	9.7
Commute to a different province or territory	235	180	55	1.3	2.3	0.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	22,470	11,325	11,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	19,055	9,570	9,485	84.8	84.5	85.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	17,665	8,915	8,750	78.6	78.7	78.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,390	655	735	6.2	5.8	6.6
Public transit	485	230	250	2.2	2.0	2.2
Walked	1,355	560	790	6.0	4.9	7.1
Bicycle	735	425	305	3.3	3.8	2.7
Other method	845	540	310	3.8	4.8	2.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	22,470	11,325	11,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,605	5,395	6,210	51.6	47.6	55.7
15 to 29 minutes	7,245	3,515	3,730	32.2	31.0	33.5
30 to 44 minutes	1,630	1,040	590	7.3	9.2	5.3
45 to 59 minutes	765	450	315	3.4	4.0	2.8
60 minutes and over	1,230	930	295	5.5	8.2	2.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	22,470	11,325	11,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,095	755	350	4.9	6.7	3.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,385	2,010	1,375	15.1	17.7	12.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,735	3,210	2,530	25.5	28.3	22.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,755	2,505	3,250	25.6	22.1	29.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,610	1,395	2,220	16.1	12.3	19.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,880	1,460	1,425	12.8	12.9	12.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	10,575	5,465	5,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,155	575	575	10.9	10.5	11.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,420	4,890	4,535	89.1	89.5	88.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,915	4,120	3,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	870	450	420	11.0	10.9	11.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	535	265	275	6.8	6.4	7.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	330	180	150	4.2	4.4	4.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,050	3,675	3,375	89.1	89.2	89.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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