Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Salmon ArmMore information: British Columbia [Census agglomeration]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	19,705	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	17,904	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.1	...	...	10.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	8,637	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	8,215	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	119.1	...	...	119.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	165.42	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	19,705	9,360	10,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	2,850	1,515	1,340	14.5	16.2	12.9
0 to 4 years	755	395	355	3.8	4.2	3.4
5 to 9 years	975	525	455	4.9	5.6	4.4
10 to 14 years	1,120	590	530	5.7	6.3	5.1
15 to 64 years	10,850	5,175	5,675	55.1	55.3	54.8
15 to 19 years	1,065	550	510	5.4	5.9	4.9
20 to 24 years	730	370	360	3.7	4.0	3.5
25 to 29 years	825	415	415	4.2	4.4	4.0
30 to 34 years	965	460	500	4.9	4.9	4.8
35 to 39 years	1,005	485	525	5.1	5.2	5.1
40 to 44 years	1,075	510	565	5.5	5.4	5.5
45 to 49 years	990	485	505	5.0	5.2	4.9
50 to 54 years	1,150	550	600	5.8	5.9	5.8
55 to 59 years	1,370	610	755	7.0	6.5	7.3
60 to 64 years	1,690	750	940	8.6	8.0	9.1
65 years and over	6,000	2,670	3,330	30.4	28.5	32.2
65 to 69 years	1,610	735	870	8.2	7.9	8.4
70 to 74 years	1,435	680	755	7.3	7.3	7.3
75 to 79 years	1,170	515	650	5.9	5.5	6.3
80 to 84 years	825	385	440	4.2	4.1	4.3
85 years and over	970	355	615	4.9	3.8	5.9
85 to 89 years	600	230	375	3.0	2.5	3.6
90 to 94 years	305	115	190	1.5	1.2	1.8
95 to 99 years	55	10	40	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	16.2	12.9	14.5	16.2	12.9
15 to 64 years	55.1	55.3	54.8	55.1	55.3	54.8
65 years and over	30.4	28.5	32.2	30.4	28.5	32.2
85 years and over	4.9	3.8	5.9	4.9	3.8	5.9
Average age of the population	48.0	46.2	49.5	48.0	46.2	49.5
Median age of the population	51.6	48.8	53.6	51.6	48.8	53.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	8,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	5,155	...	...	62.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	225	...	...	2.7	...	...
Row house	605	...	...	7.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	680	...	...	8.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,105	...	...	13.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	420	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	8,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	2,405	...	...	29.3	...	...
2 persons	3,275	...	...	39.9	...	...
3 persons	1,070	...	...	13.0	...	...
4 persons	900	...	...	11.0	...	...
5 or more persons	565	...	...	6.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	18,895	9,030	9,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	16,855	7,850	9,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	10,005	4,955	5,050	59.4	63.1	56.0
Married	8,480	4,200	4,285	50.3	53.5	47.6
Living common-law	1,525	760	760	9.0	9.7	8.4
Living common law - Never married	950	485	465	5.6	6.2	5.2
Living common law - Separated	75	40	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	420	210	210	2.5	2.7	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	75	25	50	0.4	0.3	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	6,855	2,890	3,960	40.7	36.8	44.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,530	1,865	1,665	20.9	23.8	18.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	495	195	295	2.9	2.5	3.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,325	525	800	7.9	6.7	8.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,505	305	1,200	8.9	3.9	13.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	3,450	...	...	60.9	...	...
3 persons	1,000	...	...	17.7	...	...
4 persons	825	...	...	14.6	...	...
5 or more persons	385	...	...	6.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	4,840	...	...	85.4	...	...
Married couples	4,080	...	...	72.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,630	...	...	28.8	...	...
Without children	2,450	...	...	43.2	...	...
Common-law couples	760	...	...	13.4	...	...
With children⁶	265	...	...	4.7	...	...
Without children	500	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	825	...	...	14.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	635	...	...	11.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	185	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	18,890	9,030	9,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	15,305	7,610	7,700	81.0	84.3	78.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,680	4,835	4,850	51.2	53.5	49.2
Parents in one-parent families	820	185	640	4.3	2.0	6.5
Children⁶	4,805	2,590	2,210	25.4	28.7	22.4
In a two-parent family	3,570	1,890	1,680	18.9	20.9	17.0
In a one-parent family	1,230	705	525	6.5	7.8	5.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,585	1,415	2,165	19.0	15.7	21.9
Living alone	2,405	855	1,545	12.7	9.5	15.7
Living with other relatives⁷	430	175	260	2.3	1.9	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	750	395	355	4.0	4.4	3.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	8,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,965	...	...	60.4	...	...
Couple-family households	4,355	...	...	53.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,680	...	...	20.5	...	...
Without children	2,675	...	...	32.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	610	...	...	7.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	190	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	50	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	315	...	...	3.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	290	...	...	3.5	...	...
One-person households	2,405	...	...	29.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	16,045	7,520	8,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,640	7,320	8,320	97.5	97.3	97.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	45,600	33,600	38,400	45,600	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,640	7,320	8,320	97.5	97.3	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,200	31,400	35,600	41,200	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,115	6,705	7,410	88.0	89.2	86.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	38,400	23,800	29,800	38,400	23,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,880	4,875	5,005	61.6	64.8	58.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	40,000	26,400	31,600	40,000	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,395	5,960	7,435	83.5	79.3	87.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000	13,000	13,000	13,000	13,000	13,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,475	745	730	9.2	9.9	8.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,840	5,160	5,480	5,840	5,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,355	1,520	1,835	20.9	20.2	21.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,000	8,000	7,500	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	16,045	7,520	8,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,645	7,320	8,320	97.5	97.3	97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,120	56,200	41,000	48,120	56,200	41,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,645	7,320	8,320	97.5	97.3	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,760	47,800	36,480	41,760	47,800	36,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,135	6,740	7,395	88.1	89.6	86.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,320	50,360	33,080	41,320	50,360	33,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,880	4,915	4,965	61.6	65.4	58.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,560	48,720	34,480	41,560	48,720	34,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,315	5,955	7,360	83.0	79.2	86.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,680	12,110	13,140	12,680	12,110	13,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,500	755	750	9.3	10.0	8.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,600	6,700	6,500	6,600	6,700	6,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,380	1,530	1,850	21.1	20.3	21.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,350	8,240	8,440	8,350	8,240	8,440
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	16,045	7,515	8,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,015	2,250	1,765	25.0	29.9	20.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	65,000	50,000	58,800	65,000	50,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,800	72,900	56,750	65,800	72,900	56,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,445	1,930	2,515	27.7	25.7	29.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	18,800	18,600	18,600	18,800	18,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,720	32,520	23,980	27,720	32,520	23,980
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.6	82.4	71.6	77.6	82.4	71.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	54.6	58.2	50.1	54.6	58.2	50.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.4	17.5	28.4	22.4	17.5	28.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	4.0	6.3	5.0	4.0	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.1	4.6	3.8	3.1	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	16,045	7,520	8,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	410	205	205	2.6	2.7	2.4
With total income	15,635	7,315	8,320	97.4	97.3	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,155	455	700	7.4	6.2	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	2,080	770	1,305	13.3	10.5	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	2,700	1,025	1,680	17.3	14.0	20.2
$30,000 to $39,999	2,200	910	1,290	14.1	12.4	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	1,890	835	1,055	12.1	11.4	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	1,440	690	745	9.2	9.4	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	1,075	595	475	6.9	8.1	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	840	520	320	5.4	7.1	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	590	370	220	3.8	5.1	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	445	245	200	2.8	3.3	2.4
$100,000 and over	1,225	885	340	7.8	12.1	4.1
$100,000 to $149,999	830	585	240	5.3	8.0	2.9
$150,000 and over	400	300	100	2.6	4.1	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	16,045	7,520	8,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	410	205	205	2.6	2.7	2.4
With after-tax income	15,635	7,315	8,320	97.4	97.3	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,220	470	750	7.8	6.4	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	2,145	795	1,355	13.7	10.9	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	3,000	1,170	1,830	19.2	16.0	22.0
$30,000 to $39,999	2,550	1,070	1,475	16.3	14.6	17.7
$40,000 to $49,999	2,015	950	1,070	12.9	13.0	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	1,535	810	725	9.8	11.1	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	1,015	625	390	6.5	8.5	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	750	455	290	4.8	6.2	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	430	280	155	2.8	3.8	1.9
$90,000 to $99,999	285	190	95	1.8	2.6	1.1
$100,000 and over	690	505	190	4.4	6.9	2.3
$100,000 to $124,999	370	260	110	2.4	3.6	1.3
$125,000 and over	320	245	80	2.0	3.3	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	16,045	7,520	8,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	6,165	2,640	3,520	38.4	35.1	41.3
With employment income	9,885	4,875	5,005	61.6	64.8	58.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,620	710	910	16.4	14.6	18.2
$5,000 to $9,999	840	370	465	8.5	7.6	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	1,215	505	705	12.3	10.4	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	1,090	415	670	11.0	8.5	13.4
$30,000 to $39,999	1,035	440	590	10.5	9.0	11.8
$40,000 to $49,999	790	370	420	8.0	7.6	8.4
$50,000 to $59,999	715	355	365	7.2	7.3	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	625	370	255	6.3	7.6	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	455	285	170	4.6	5.8	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	395	250	145	4.0	5.1	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	295	175	125	3.0	3.6	2.5
$100,000 and over	810	630	185	8.2	12.9	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	400	295	100	4.0	6.1	2.0
$125,000 and over	415	330	80	4.2	6.8	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	16,045	7,520	8,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,360	7,160	8,200	95.7	95.2	96.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	45,600	31,200	36,800	45,600	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,380	7,165	8,215	95.9	95.3	96.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,800	28,800	33,600	40,800	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,085	6,690	7,390	87.8	89.0	86.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	40,400	24,800	31,400	40,400	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,580	5,170	5,410	65.9	68.8	63.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	40,000	25,000	30,600	40,000	25,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,225	4,670	6,560	70.0	62.1	77.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,500	12,600	10,900	11,500	12,600	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,255	600	655	7.8	8.0	7.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,000	5,560	4,520	5,000	5,560	4,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	16,045	7,520	8,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,390	7,145	8,245	95.9	95.0	96.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,920	57,150	39,960	47,920	57,150	39,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,405	7,145	8,265	96.0	95.0	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,880	48,080	34,640	40,880	48,080	34,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,180	6,710	7,470	88.4	89.2	87.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,480	53,250	34,680	43,480	53,250	34,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,595	5,160	5,435	66.0	68.6	63.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,520	49,400	32,080	40,520	49,400	32,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,335	4,725	6,605	70.6	62.8	77.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,710	10,790	10,650	10,710	10,790	10,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,315	625	695	8.2	8.3	8.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,395	6,260	6,520	6,395	6,260	6,520
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	16,045	7,515	8,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,005	2,250	1,750	25.0	29.9	20.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	63,600	45,600	54,400	63,600	45,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,950	70,100	51,500	61,950	70,100	51,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,315	1,855	2,460	26.9	24.7	28.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	28,400	22,200	24,400	28,400	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,520	41,280	27,680	33,520	41,280	27,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.6	87.6	78.6	83.6	87.6	78.6
Employment income (%)	58.2	62.4	52.9	58.2	62.4	52.9
Government transfers (%)	16.4	12.5	21.4	16.4	12.5	21.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	1.0	1.4	1.1	1.0	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	8,215	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	8,215	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,600	...	...	91,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,600	...	...	79,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,400	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,440	...	...	45,440	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,920	...	...	39,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,815	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,700	...	...	110,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,900	...	...	95,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	8,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	40	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	70	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	180	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	435	...	...	5.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	320	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	295	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	375	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	395	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	370	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	680	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	605	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	600	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	535	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	460	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,805	...	...	34.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	895	...	...	10.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	645	...	...	7.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	745	...	...	9.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	525	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	8,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	75	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	190	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	460	...	...	5.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	365	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	360	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	415	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	435	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	370	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	795	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	710	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	690	...	...	8.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	515	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	495	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,265	...	...	27.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	910	...	...	11.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	580	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	775	...	...	9.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,610	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,750	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,925	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,150	1,250	1,905	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	39,200	34,000	35,600	39,200	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	35,600	32,000	33,200	35,600	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,630	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,300	...	...	109,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,600	...	...	94,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,740	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,800	...	...	95,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,200	...	...	83,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,905	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,400	...	...	142,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,300	...	...	121,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	780	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,800	...	...	70,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,800	...	...	64,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,120	1,300	1,815	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,880	48,520	40,600	43,880	48,520	40,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,760	42,080	36,400	38,760	42,080	36,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	18,895	9,030	9,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,525	1,860	1,665	18.7	20.6	16.9
0 to 5 years	935	500	435	4.9	5.5	4.4
18 to 64 years	10,060	4,770	5,290	53.2	52.8	53.6
65 years and over	5,305	2,400	2,905	28.1	26.6	29.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,045	870	1,180	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	375	195	180	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	115	65	60	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	905	405	500	...	...	...
65 years and over	765	265	495	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	9.6	12.0	10.8	9.6	12.0
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.5	10.9	10.7	10.5	10.9
0 to 5 years (%)	12.6	12.0	13.2	12.6	12.0	13.2
18 to 64 years (%)	9.0	8.4	9.5	9.0	8.4	9.5
65 years and over (%)	14.4	11.2	17.0	14.4	11.2	17.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	18,620	8,890	9,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,475	1,830	1,645	18.7	20.6	16.9
0 to 5 years	925	495	430	5.0	5.6	4.4
18 to 64 years	9,930	4,705	5,225	53.3	52.9	53.7
65 years and over	5,210	2,355	2,855	28.0	26.5	29.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	410	200	210	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	90	45	45	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	25	15	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	275	135	140	...	...	...
65 years and over	50	20	30	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	2.8	3.6	3.0	2.8	3.6
18 to 64 years (%)	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.7
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	18,895	9,030	9,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	10,105	4,650	5,450	53.5	51.5	55.2
In bottom decile	1,755	755	1,005	9.3	8.4	10.2
In second decile	2,150	955	1,195	11.4	10.6	12.1
In third decile	2,150	990	1,155	11.4	11.0	11.7
In fourth decile	2,070	1,005	1,065	11.0	11.1	10.8
In fifth decile	1,980	950	1,030	10.5	10.5	10.4
In top half of the distribution	8,790	4,380	4,410	46.5	48.5	44.7
In sixth decile	2,035	985	1,055	10.8	10.9	10.7
In seventh decile	1,860	915	950	9.8	10.1	9.6
In eighth decile	1,830	915	910	9.7	10.1	9.2
In ninth decile	1,630	840	795	8.6	9.3	8.1
In top decile	1,435	725	710	7.6	8.0	7.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	18,890	...	...	18,890	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318	...	...	0.318	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.446	...	...	0.446	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.281	...	...	0.281	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	19,355	9,230	10,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	17,895	8,620	9,275	92.5	93.4	91.6
French only	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	1,410	585	820	7.3	6.3	8.1
Neither English nor French	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	19,355	9,230	10,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	19,120	9,120	10,000	98.8	98.8	98.7
French	165	80	85	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and French	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	55	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	19,355	9,230	10,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	19,140	9,125	10,010	98.9	98.9	98.8
Official languages	17,760	8,510	9,245	91.8	92.2	91.3
English	17,570	8,420	9,145	90.8	91.2	90.3
French	185	90	100	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official languages	1,385	615	770	7.2	6.7	7.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,375	610	760	7.1	6.6	7.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	115	40	80	0.6	0.4	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100	35	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	990	450	545	5.1	4.9	5.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	165	75	90	0.9	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	165	75	90	0.9	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	40	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	595	265	330	3.1	2.9	3.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	375	175	205	1.9	1.9	2.0
German	355	165	195	1.8	1.8	1.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	175	75	100	0.9	0.8	1.0
Afrikaans	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	145	55	95	0.7	0.6	0.9
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	135	70	65	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	120	60	55	0.6	0.7	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	50	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	40	55	0.5	0.4	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	45	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	220	100	125	1.1	1.1	1.2
English and French	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	140	65	80	0.7	0.7	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	19,355	9,230	10,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	18,165	8,680	9,480	93.9	94.0	93.6
French	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	175	85	95	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	175	85	95	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	130	55	75	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	800	365	435	4.1	4.0	4.3
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	19,355	9,230	10,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	19,220	9,155	10,060	99.3	99.2	99.3
Official languages	18,790	8,955	9,835	97.1	97.0	97.1
English	18,760	8,945	9,815	96.9	96.9	96.9
French	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Non-official languages	425	200	225	2.2	2.2	2.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	425	200	225	2.2	2.2	2.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	230	110	120	1.2	1.2	1.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	100	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	65	35	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
German	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	80	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	75	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	140	70	75	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and French	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	120	60	60	0.6	0.7	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	19,360	9,230	10,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	18,485	8,835	9,650	95.5	95.7	95.3
English	205	95	110	1.1	1.0	1.1
French	120	50	70	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	480	210	270	2.5	2.3	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous	465	205	260	2.4	2.2	2.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	18,895	9,030	9,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	18,835	9,010	9,830	99.7	99.8	99.6
English	18,835	9,010	9,830	99.7	99.8	99.6
French	1,405	570	835	7.4	6.3	8.5
Non-official languages	2,035	935	1,105	10.8	10.4	11.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,000	915	1,085	10.6	10.1	11.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	105	70	30	0.6	0.8	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	105	70	30	0.6	0.8	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	95	70	30	0.5	0.8	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	10	0.2	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	180	80	100	1.0	0.9	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	70	45	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	65	100	0.8	0.7	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,405	615	790	7.4	6.8	8.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	200	95	105	1.1	1.1	1.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	200	95	105	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Russian	100	55	45	0.5	0.6	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	700	310	395	3.7	3.4	4.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	470	200	270	2.5	2.2	2.7
German	455	190	265	2.4	2.1	2.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	210	100	115	1.1	1.1	1.2
Afrikaans	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dutch	180	75	105	1.0	0.8	1.1
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	115	75	45	0.6	0.8	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	110	70	45	0.6	0.8	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	45	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	105	65	40	0.6	0.7	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	460	160	300	2.4	1.8	3.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Spanish	395	120	275	2.1	1.3	2.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	100	55	50	0.5	0.6	0.5
Korean	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	50	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
Chinese languages	90	50	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Hungarian	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	18,895	9,030	9,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,575	720	855	8.3	8.0	8.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,535	705	830	8.1	7.8	8.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	730	340	390	3.9	3.8	4.0
Métis	790	360	440	4.2	4.0	4.5
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	17,320	8,310	9,010	91.7	92.0	91.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	18,895	9,030	9,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	430	185	245	2.3	2.0	2.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	18,460	8,840	9,615	97.7	97.9	97.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	8,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	6,380	...	...	77.7	...	...
Renter	1,810	...	...	22.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	8,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,085	...	...	13.2	...	...
Not condominium	7,130	...	...	86.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	8,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	770	...	...	9.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,205	...	...	26.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,465	...	...	30.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,760	...	...	33.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	8,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,860	...	...	22.6	...	...
5 rooms	1,290	...	...	15.7	...	...
6 rooms	1,125	...	...	13.7	...	...
7 rooms	995	...	...	12.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,940	...	...	35.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	8,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	8,135	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	75	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	8,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	8,020	...	...	97.6	...	...
Not suitable	195	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	8,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	865	...	...	10.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,290	...	...	27.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,035	...	...	12.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,700	...	...	20.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	450	...	...	5.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	685	...	...	8.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	450	...	...	5.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	740	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	8,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,785	...	...	94.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	430	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	8,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,070	...	...	49.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,810	...	...	46.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	335	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	8,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	120	...	...	1.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	785	...	...	9.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,095	...	...	13.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,130	...	...	13.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,650	...	...	20.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,830	...	...	22.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,170	...	...	14.2	...	...
85 years and over	435	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,530	...	...	81.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,440	...	...	18.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,375	...	...	17.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	8,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,935	...	...	23.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,320	...	...	16.1	...	...
Not suitable only	155	...	...	1.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	315	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	95	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	6,285	...	...	76.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	580	...	...	7.3	...	...
Not in core need	7,325	...	...	92.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,180	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.3	...	...	52.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.3	...	...	12.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	...	...	830	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,181	...	...	1,181	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	542,000	...	...	542,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,800	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.1	...	...	18.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.1	...	...	38.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.9	...	...	19.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010	...	...	1,010	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,099	...	...	1,099	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	25	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	416	...	...	416	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	520	...	...	520	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	18,890	9,025	9,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	510	250	260	2.7	2.8	2.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	500	250	245	2.6	2.8	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	330	165	165	1.7	1.8	1.7
Métis single ancestry	170	90	85	0.9	1.0	0.9
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,265	540	730	6.7	6.0	7.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,250	525	725	6.6	5.8	7.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	815	355	460	4.3	3.9	4.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	430	165	260	2.3	1.8	2.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	17,115	8,240	8,875	90.6	91.3	90.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	18,895	9,030	9,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	18,290	8,735	9,560	96.8	96.7	96.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,465	1,810	1,655	18.3	20.0	16.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	14,830	6,925	7,905	78.5	76.7	80.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	600	300	305	3.2	3.3	3.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	18,895	9,030	9,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	16,855	8,105	8,750	89.2	89.8	88.7
Immigrants⁸¹	1,915	850	1,060	10.1	9.4	10.7
Before 1980	860	385	480	4.6	4.3	4.9
1980 to 1990	160	70	95	0.8	0.8	1.0
1991 to 2000	240	95	145	1.3	1.1	1.5
2001 to 2010	260	130	135	1.4	1.4	1.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	390	175	220	2.1	1.9	2.2
2011 to 2015	135	50	90	0.7	0.6	0.9
2016 to 2021	255	125	130	1.3	1.4	1.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	125	75	45	0.7	0.8	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,915	850	1,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	250	115	135	13.1	13.5	12.7
5 to 14 years	340	160	180	17.8	18.8	17.0
15 to 24 years	410	190	220	21.4	22.4	20.8
25 to 44 years	745	315	430	38.9	37.1	40.6
45 years and over	160	70	95	8.4	8.2	9.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,915	850	1,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	290	105	190	15.1	12.4	17.9
Brazil	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
Mexico	15	10	10	0.8	1.2	0.9
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	210	75	140	11.0	8.8	13.2
Other places of birth in Americas	35	10	25	1.8	1.2	2.4
Europe	1,095	505	585	57.2	59.4	55.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	15	0	0.8	1.8	0.0
Germany	175	70	105	9.1	8.2	9.9
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
Italy	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	145	65	80	7.6	7.6	7.5
Poland	55	25	25	2.9	2.9	2.4
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	25	15	10	1.3	1.8	0.9
Russian Federation	25	10	10	1.3	1.2	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	0	0.8	1.2	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	465	215	250	24.3	25.3	23.6
Other places of birth in Europe	145	65	85	7.6	7.6	8.0
Africa	65	40	20	3.4	4.7	1.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.5	1.2	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	20	10	1.3	2.4	0.9
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
Asia	410	175	235	21.4	20.6	22.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	25	15	1.8	2.9	1.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	55	25	30	2.9	2.9	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	15	10	0.8	1.8	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	10	1.0	1.2	0.9
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	140	40	100	7.3	4.7	9.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	50	20	25	2.6	2.4	2.4
Pakistan	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	25	30	2.9	2.9	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60	30	30	3.1	3.5	2.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	255	125	130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	50	25	30	19.6	20.0	23.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	25	10	15	9.8	8.0	11.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	3.9	0.0	0.0
Europe	20	10	10	7.8	8.0	7.7
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	10	10	5.9	8.0	7.7
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	175	85	90	68.6	68.0	69.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	3.9	0.0	7.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	10	0	3.9	8.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	70	30	45	27.5	24.0	34.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	25	15	13.7	20.0	11.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	18,895	9,030	9,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,215	1,010	1,210	11.7	11.2	12.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,530	1,595	1,935	18.7	17.7	19.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	13,145	6,420	6,725	69.6	71.1	68.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,050	470	585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	590	280	310	56.2	59.6	53.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	260	170	95	24.8	36.2	16.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	325	115	210	31.0	24.5	35.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	370	145	230	35.2	30.9	39.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	80	45	40	7.6	9.6	6.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,050	470	585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	170	80	95	16.2	17.0	16.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	35	25	15	3.3	5.3	2.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	25	15	15	2.4	3.2	2.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	800	345	455	76.2	73.4	77.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	18,895	9,030	9,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,025	470	550	5.4	5.2	5.6
South Asian	205	110	95	1.1	1.2	1.0
Chinese	125	55	75	0.7	0.6	0.8
Black	105	40	60	0.6	0.4	0.6
Filipino	210	85	130	1.1	0.9	1.3
Arab	75	45	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Latin American	80	15	60	0.4	0.2	0.6
Southeast Asian	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	145	65	80	0.8	0.7	0.8
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	17,870	8,555	9,310	94.6	94.7	94.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	18,895	9,030	9,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	2,645	1,285	1,360	14.0	14.2	13.8
English	5,895	2,805	3,085	31.2	31.1	31.3
Irish	3,470	1,685	1,785	18.4	18.7	18.1
Scottish	4,520	2,145	2,380	23.9	23.8	24.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,880	850	1,035	9.9	9.4	10.5
German	3,695	1,645	2,045	19.6	18.2	20.7
Chinese	130	60	70	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italian	595	305	285	3.1	3.4	2.9
Indian (India)	125	60	65	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ukrainian	1,395	660	730	7.4	7.3	7.4
Dutch	1,340	625	715	7.1	6.9	7.2
Polish	610	255	355	3.2	2.8	3.6
Québécois	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	805	395	410	4.3	4.4	4.2
Filipino	220	85	135	1.2	0.9	1.4
French Canadian	175	70	105	0.9	0.8	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	420	215	205	2.2	2.4	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	550	240	305	2.9	2.7	3.1
Métis	625	270	355	3.3	3.0	3.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	435	230	205	2.3	2.5	2.1
Russian	675	280	395	3.6	3.1	4.0
Norwegian	1,125	535	590	6.0	5.9	6.0
Welsh	560	275	285	3.0	3.0	2.9
Portuguese	25	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
American	390	200	185	2.1	2.2	1.9
Spanish	150	75	75	0.8	0.8	0.8
Swedish	735	385	350	3.9	4.3	3.5
Hungarian	245	100	145	1.3	1.1	1.5
Acadian	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	40	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Jewish	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Greek	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	210	105	105	1.1	1.2	1.1
Korean	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romanian	100	40	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
Lebanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	280	140	145	1.5	1.6	1.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	140	60	85	0.7	0.7	0.9
Sikh	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Austrian	315	170	145	1.7	1.9	1.5
Belgian	115	65	55	0.6	0.7	0.6
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	80	20	55	0.4	0.2	0.6
Mennonite	175	90	90	0.9	1.0	0.9
Swiss	185	65	120	1.0	0.7	1.2
Finnish	275	130	140	1.5	1.4	1.4
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Japanese	165	80	90	0.9	0.9	0.9
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	90	35	55	0.5	0.4	0.6
Muslim	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	190	90	100	1.0	1.0	1.0
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	125	70	55	0.7	0.8	0.6
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	85	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
South African	75	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Australian	55	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	105	50	55	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ecuadorian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	18,890	9,030	9,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	70	40	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Christian	7,860	3,390	4,475	41.6	37.5	45.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,095	965	1,135	11.1	10.7	11.5
Anabaptist	60	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Anglican	650	290	360	3.4	3.2	3.6
Baptist	475	210	260	2.5	2.3	2.6
Catholic	1,745	745	1,005	9.2	8.3	10.2
Christian Orthodox	30	30	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	135	55	80	0.7	0.6	0.8
Latter Day Saints	90	40	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
Lutheran	305	130	170	1.6	1.4	1.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	205	85	115	1.1	0.9	1.2
Presbyterian	210	85	125	1.1	0.9	1.3
Reformed	55	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Church	1,030	390	640	5.5	4.3	6.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	735	305	425	3.9	3.4	4.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Muslim	115	70	40	0.6	0.8	0.4
Sikh	100	55	45	0.5	0.6	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	260	70	190	1.4	0.8	1.9
No religion and secular perspectives	10,435	5,380	5,055	55.2	59.6	51.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	18,790	8,960	9,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	16,265	7,695	8,565	86.6	85.9	87.1
Movers	2,525	1,265	1,260	13.4	14.1	12.8
Non-migrants	1,315	680	630	7.0	7.6	6.4
Migrants	1,210	585	630	6.4	6.5	6.4
Internal migrants	1,120	525	595	6.0	5.9	6.1
Intraprovincial migrants	880	420	460	4.7	4.7	4.7
Interprovincial migrants	240	105	140	1.3	1.2	1.4
External migrants	95	60	35	0.5	0.7	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	18,085	8,595	9,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	9,780	4,625	5,155	54.1	53.8	54.3
Movers	8,305	3,970	4,335	45.9	46.2	45.7
Non-migrants	2,950	1,405	1,545	16.3	16.3	16.3
Migrants	5,350	2,565	2,785	29.6	29.8	29.3
Internal migrants	5,060	2,400	2,655	28.0	27.9	28.0
Intraprovincial migrants	3,845	1,765	2,090	21.3	20.5	22.0
Interprovincial migrants	1,210	640	575	6.7	7.4	6.1
External migrants	290	170	130	1.6	2.0	1.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,045	7,520	8,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,995	1,580	1,410	18.7	21.0	16.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,055	5,935	7,115	81.4	78.9	83.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,950	4,175	4,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,000	555	450	11.2	13.3	9.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	7,950	3,625	4,325	88.8	86.8	90.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,045	7,520	8,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,515	1,305	1,210	15.7	17.4	14.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,760	2,150	2,610	29.7	28.6	30.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,770	4,065	4,705	54.7	54.1	55.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,805	2,665	3,140	36.2	35.4	36.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,655	1,300	355	10.3	17.3	4.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	635	395	240	4.0	5.3	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,030	910	115	6.4	12.1	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,655	1,180	2,475	22.8	15.7	29.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	495	185	310	3.1	2.5	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,965	1,400	1,560	18.5	18.6	18.3
Bachelor's degree	2,010	935	1,075	12.5	12.4	12.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	210	75	135	1.3	1.0	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	115	70	40	0.7	0.9	0.5
Master's degree	580	295	290	3.6	3.9	3.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,955	4,180	4,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	805	465	340	9.0	11.1	7.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,485	1,185	1,300	27.7	28.3	27.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,660	2,525	3,130	63.2	60.4	65.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,665	1,655	2,015	40.9	39.6	42.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	980	800	180	10.9	19.1	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	345	225	115	3.9	5.4	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	635	575	60	7.1	13.8	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,385	740	1,645	26.6	17.7	34.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	300	115	190	3.4	2.8	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,995	875	1,120	22.3	20.9	23.5
Bachelor's degree	1,385	605	785	15.5	14.5	16.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	120	40	75	1.3	1.0	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	40	45	0.9	1.0	0.9
Master's degree	370	165	205	4.1	3.9	4.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,045	7,520	8,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,275	3,455	3,820	45.3	45.9	44.8
Education	1,020	250	770	6.4	3.3	9.0
13. Education	1,020	250	770	6.4	3.3	9.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	215	80	130	1.3	1.1	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	180	60	125	1.1	0.8	1.5
Humanities	325	145	175	2.0	1.9	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	60	25	30	0.4	0.3	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	60	20	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	55	65	0.7	0.7	0.8
54. History	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	755	255	500	4.7	3.4	5.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	160	10	150	1.0	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	130	30	100	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.4
42. Psychology	150	55	95	0.9	0.7	1.1
45. Social sciences	250	140	105	1.6	1.9	1.2
Business, management and public administration	1,585	495	1,095	9.9	6.6	12.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	140	35	100	0.9	0.5	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,450	455	990	9.0	6.1	11.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	210	105	100	1.3	1.4	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	50	55	0.6	0.7	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	35	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	180	115	60	1.1	1.5	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	115	65	50	0.7	0.9	0.6
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	35	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,845	1,740	110	11.5	23.1	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	200	185	10	1.2	2.5	0.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	430	365	60	2.7	4.9	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	490	480	10	3.1	6.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	480	465	15	3.0	6.2	0.2
48. Precision production	215	210	0	1.3	2.8	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	485	345	135	3.0	4.6	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	270	165	105	1.7	2.2	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	215	185	30	1.3	2.5	0.4
Health and related fields	1,615	245	1,370	10.1	3.3	16.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	110	45	65	0.7	0.6	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,485	190	1,295	9.3	2.5	15.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	530	290	250	3.3	3.9	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	330	95	230	2.1	1.3	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	50	40	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	150	145	10	0.9	1.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	8,955	4,175	4,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,290	1,645	1,645	36.7	39.4	34.5
Education	585	115	470	6.5	2.8	9.8
13. Education	585	115	470	6.5	2.8	9.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	145	60	85	1.6	1.4	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	130	45	85	1.5	1.1	1.8
Humanities	190	80	110	2.1	1.9	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	40	25	15	0.4	0.6	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50	10	35	0.6	0.2	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	20	30	0.6	0.5	0.6
54. History	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	480	165	315	5.4	4.0	6.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	85	10	80	0.9	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	70	15	55	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	80	30	50	0.9	0.7	1.0
45. Social sciences	185	100	85	2.1	2.4	1.8
Business, management and public administration	1,040	310	735	11.6	7.4	15.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	100	15	85	1.1	0.4	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	940	295	650	10.5	7.1	13.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	145	65	80	1.6	1.6	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	70	20	45	0.8	0.5	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	25	20	0.5	0.6	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	120	80	40	1.3	1.9	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	85	55	30	0.9	1.3	0.6
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	25	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,185	1,105	80	13.2	26.5	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	140	135	10	1.6	3.2	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	290	245	45	3.2	5.9	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	315	305	10	3.5	7.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	305	300	0	3.4	7.2	0.0
48. Precision production	110	105	0	1.2	2.5	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	360	245	110	4.0	5.9	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	190	105	90	2.1	2.5	1.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	165	140	25	1.8	3.4	0.5
Health and related fields	1,075	165	915	12.0	4.0	19.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	65	30	35	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	990	125	865	11.1	3.0	18.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	330	145	185	3.7	3.5	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	230	55	175	2.6	1.3	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	30	25	10	0.3	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	75	65	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	8,955	4,175	4,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,290	1,645	1,645	36.7	39.4	34.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	5,665	2,530	3,135	63.3	60.6	65.7
Location of study inside Canada	5,105	2,230	2,875	57.0	53.4	60.2
Same as province or territory of residence	3,550	1,485	2,065	39.6	35.6	43.2
Different than province or territory of residence	1,555	745	810	17.4	17.8	17.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	555	305	255	6.2	7.3	5.3
Americas	165	85	75	1.8	2.0	1.6
United States of America	140	80	60	1.6	1.9	1.3
Mexico	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Europe	180	100	75	2.0	2.4	1.6
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	35	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Romania	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	75	45	30	0.8	1.1	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Africa	20	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	175	80	100	2.0	1.9	2.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Philippines	90	45	50	1.0	1.1	1.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
New Zealand	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	16,045	7,520	8,525	...	...	...
In the labour force	9,085	4,550	4,530	...	...	...
Employed	8,360	4,180	4,180	...	...	...
Unemployed	720	370	350	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	6,965	2,970	3,995	...	...	...
Participation rate	56.6	60.5	53.1	56.6	60.5	53.1
Employment rate	52.1	55.6	49.0	52.1	55.6	49.0
Unemployment rate	7.9	8.1	7.7	7.9	8.1	7.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	16,045	7,520	8,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	6,985	2,980	4,005	43.5	39.6	47.0
Worked	9,060	4,540	4,520	56.5	60.4	53.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,270	2,435	1,835	26.6	32.4	21.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,790	2,105	2,685	29.9	28.0	31.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.2	40.6	39.8	40.2	40.6	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	9,085	4,555	4,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	125	45	75	1.4	1.0	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	8,960	4,505	4,455	98.6	98.9	98.2
Employee	7,115	3,420	3,690	78.3	75.1	81.4
Permanent position	5,780	2,785	3,000	63.6	61.1	66.2
Temporary position	1,330	640	695	14.6	14.1	15.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	250	135	115	2.8	3.0	2.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,080	500	580	11.9	11.0	12.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,845	1,085	760	20.3	23.8	16.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	9,085	4,555	4,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	125	45	75	1.4	1.0	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	8,960	4,505	4,455	98.6	98.9	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	90	60	25	1.0	1.3	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,270	285	985	14.0	6.3	21.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	520	430	90	5.7	9.4	2.0
3 Health occupations	855	165	695	9.4	3.6	15.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,040	280	760	11.4	6.1	16.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	280	115	165	3.1	2.5	3.6
6 Sales and service occupations	2,365	945	1,420	26.0	20.7	31.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,690	1,575	120	18.6	34.6	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	475	335	145	5.2	7.4	3.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	365	320	50	4.0	7.0	1.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	9,085	4,555	4,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	125	45	75	1.4	1.0	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	8,960	4,505	4,455	98.6	98.9	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	465	265	200	5.1	5.8	4.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	160	145	15	1.8	3.2	0.3
22 Utilities	85	85	0	0.9	1.9	0.0
23 Construction	810	700	110	8.9	15.4	2.4
31-33 Manufacturing	670	525	145	7.4	11.5	3.2
41 Wholesale trade	115	85	25	1.3	1.9	0.6
44-45 Retail trade	1,300	630	670	14.3	13.8	14.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	220	165	55	2.4	3.6	1.2
51 Information and cultural industries	90	45	45	1.0	1.0	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	295	95	205	3.2	2.1	4.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	145	65	80	1.6	1.4	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	530	280	250	5.8	6.1	5.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	325	205	120	3.6	4.5	2.6
61 Educational services	795	220	570	8.8	4.8	12.6
62 Health care and social assistance	1,225	205	1,020	13.5	4.5	22.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	245	145	100	2.7	3.2	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	630	255	380	6.9	5.6	8.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	505	235	270	5.6	5.2	6.0
91 Public administration	340	150	190	3.7	3.3	4.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	9,950	5,010	4,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	9,805	4,970	4,840	98.5	99.2	98.0
French	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Non-official language	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-Indigenous	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	40	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	70	30	40	0.7	0.6	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	9,950	5,010	4,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	9,940	5,010	4,930	99.9	100.0	99.8
Official languages	9,890	4,990	4,905	99.4	99.6	99.3
English	9,870	4,990	4,880	99.2	99.6	98.8
French	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
Non-official languages	45	25	25	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	45	25	20	0.5	0.5	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	9,950	5,010	4,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	9,850	4,980	4,875	99.0	99.4	98.7
English	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5
French	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	40	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	40	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	8,360	4,180	4,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,170	530	640	14.0	12.7	15.3
Worked outside Canada	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,225	900	325	14.7	21.5	7.8
Usual place of work	5,950	2,740	3,210	71.2	65.6	76.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,945	2,735	3,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,675	1,995	2,680	78.6	72.9	83.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	560	295	265	9.4	10.8	8.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	615	375	240	10.3	13.7	7.5
Commute to a different province or territory	100	65	25	1.7	2.4	0.8
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,170	3,635	3,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	6,355	3,235	3,125	88.6	89.0	88.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	5,825	3,010	2,820	81.2	82.8	79.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	530	220	310	7.4	6.1	8.8
Public transit	65	25	40	0.9	0.7	1.1
Walked	520	230	290	7.3	6.3	8.2
Bicycle	105	75	30	1.5	2.1	0.8
Other method	130	75	55	1.8	2.1	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,170	3,635	3,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,585	2,075	2,515	63.9	57.1	71.1
15 to 29 minutes	1,510	795	715	21.1	21.9	20.2
30 to 44 minutes	475	315	160	6.6	8.7	4.5
45 to 59 minutes	245	170	75	3.4	4.7	2.1
60 minutes and over	350	280	70	4.9	7.7	2.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,170	3,635	3,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	405	330	75	5.6	9.1	2.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,240	775	465	17.3	21.3	13.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,955	1,010	950	27.3	27.8	26.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,715	660	1,055	23.9	18.2	29.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	980	390	590	13.7	10.7	16.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	870	480	395	12.1	13.2	11.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,595	1,895	1,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	205	115	90	5.7	6.1	5.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,390	1,780	1,605	94.3	93.9	94.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,800	1,470	1,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	165	90	75	5.9	6.1	5.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	50	20	30	1.8	1.4	2.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	115	70	45	4.1	4.8	3.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,630	1,385	1,250	93.9	94.2	94.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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