Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	VernonMore information: British Columbia [Census agglomeration]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	67,086	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	61,324^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.4	...	...	9.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	31,677	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	28,723	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	64.4	...	...	64.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,041.09	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	67,085	32,455	34,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	9,240	4,720	4,525	13.8	14.5	13.1
0 to 4 years	2,555	1,315	1,240	3.8	4.1	3.6
5 to 9 years	3,265	1,665	1,600	4.9	5.1	4.6
10 to 14 years	3,425	1,740	1,685	5.1	5.4	4.9
15 to 64 years	39,140	19,190	19,960	58.3	59.1	57.6
15 to 19 years	3,195	1,605	1,595	4.8	4.9	4.6
20 to 24 years	2,865	1,515	1,350	4.3	4.7	3.9
25 to 29 years	3,105	1,605	1,505	4.6	4.9	4.3
30 to 34 years	3,555	1,790	1,760	5.3	5.5	5.1
35 to 39 years	3,845	1,865	1,980	5.7	5.7	5.7
40 to 44 years	3,790	1,825	1,970	5.6	5.6	5.7
45 to 49 years	3,785	1,855	1,930	5.6	5.7	5.6
50 to 54 years	4,005	1,965	2,040	6.0	6.1	5.9
55 to 59 years	5,210	2,420	2,790	7.8	7.5	8.1
60 to 64 years	5,790	2,745	3,040	8.6	8.5	8.8
65 years and over	18,695	8,545	10,150	27.9	26.3	29.3
65 to 69 years	5,425	2,480	2,950	8.1	7.6	8.5
70 to 74 years	4,825	2,295	2,530	7.2	7.1	7.3
75 to 79 years	3,390	1,595	1,795	5.1	4.9	5.2
80 to 84 years	2,430	1,145	1,290	3.6	3.5	3.7
85 years and over	2,620	1,035	1,585	3.9	3.2	4.6
85 to 89 years	1,465	650	815	2.2	2.0	2.4
90 to 94 years	925	310	625	1.4	1.0	1.8
95 to 99 years	200	80	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
100 years and over	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.8	14.5	13.1	13.8	14.5	13.1
15 to 64 years	58.3	59.1	57.6	58.3	59.1	57.6
65 years and over	27.9	26.3	29.3	27.9	26.3	29.3
85 years and over	3.9	3.2	4.6	3.9	3.2	4.6
Average age of the population	47.2	46.1	48.3	47.2	46.1	48.3
Median age of the population	50.0	48.8	52.0	50.0	48.8	52.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	28,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	16,285	...	...	56.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,680	...	...	5.8	...	...
Row house	2,200	...	...	7.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,205	...	...	7.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,905	...	...	17.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	350	...	...	1.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	100	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,005	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	28,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,470	...	...	29.5	...	...
2 persons	11,685	...	...	40.7	...	...
3 persons	3,665	...	...	12.8	...	...
4 persons	3,060	...	...	10.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,845	...	...	6.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	65,315	31,655	33,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	57,840	27,735	30,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	34,230	17,115	17,115	59.2	61.7	56.9
Married	28,030	14,015	14,020	48.5	50.5	46.6
Living common-law	6,200	3,105	3,100	10.7	11.2	10.3
Living common law - Never married	3,950	1,990	1,955	6.8	7.2	6.5
Living common law - Separated	280	135	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	1,740	885	850	3.0	3.2	2.8
Living common law - Widowed	230	95	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	23,610	10,620	12,990	40.8	38.3	43.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	12,945	7,130	5,815	22.4	25.7	19.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,750	760	990	3.0	2.7	3.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,685	1,810	2,880	8.1	6.5	9.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,225	915	3,310	7.3	3.3	11.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	19,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,230	...	...	62.6	...	...
3 persons	3,280	...	...	16.8	...	...
4 persons	2,820	...	...	14.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,205	...	...	6.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	19,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	16,720	...	...	85.6	...	...
Married couples	13,615	...	...	69.7	...	...
With children⁶	5,305	...	...	27.1	...	...
Without children	8,315	...	...	42.6	...	...
Common-law couples	3,100	...	...	15.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,010	...	...	5.2	...	...
Without children	2,095	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,820	...	...	14.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,145	...	...	11.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	670	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	65,320	31,655	33,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	52,140	25,820	26,320	79.8	81.6	78.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	33,440	16,710	16,725	51.2	52.8	49.7
Parents in one-parent families	2,820	675	2,150	4.3	2.1	6.4
Children⁶	15,880	8,430	7,445	24.3	26.6	22.1
In a two-parent family	11,715	6,180	5,535	17.9	19.5	16.4
In a one-parent family	4,165	2,250	1,915	6.4	7.1	5.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,180	5,835	7,345	20.2	18.4	21.8
Living alone	8,470	3,435	5,035	13.0	10.9	15.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,365	590	775	2.1	1.9	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	3,345	1,815	1,530	5.1	5.7	4.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	28,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	17,010	...	...	59.2	...	...
Couple-family households	14,905	...	...	51.9	...	...
With children⁶	5,580	...	...	19.4	...	...
Without children	9,330	...	...	32.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,105	...	...	7.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	645	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	250	...	...	0.9	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,075	...	...	3.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,275	...	...	4.4	...	...
One-person households	8,470	...	...	29.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	56,085	26,940	29,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,825	26,325	28,510	97.8	97.7	97.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,800	35,200	40,000	46,800	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,860	26,335	28,520	97.8	97.8	97.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,000	32,800	36,800	42,000	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,420	24,065	25,355	88.1	89.3	87.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	40,400	25,000	31,800	40,400	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,595	18,000	17,595	63.5	66.8	60.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	42,000	27,200	34,000	42,000	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,510	21,250	25,255	82.9	78.9	86.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,900	12,600	13,000	12,900	12,600	13,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,540	2,810	2,735	9.9	10.4	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,280	5,480	5,440	5,280	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,815	5,985	6,825	22.8	22.2	23.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	56,105	26,960	29,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	54,935	26,435	28,505	97.9	98.1	97.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,760	59,550	42,600	50,760	59,550	42,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	54,990	26,470	28,520	98.0	98.2	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,560	50,240	37,360	43,560	50,240	37,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,610	24,350	25,265	88.4	90.3	86.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,520	54,100	35,320	44,520	54,100	35,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,615	18,075	17,545	63.5	67.0	60.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,520	53,350	35,400	44,520	53,350	35,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,580	21,335	25,245	83.0	79.1	86.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,430	12,020	12,770	12,430	12,020	12,770
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,550	2,805	2,745	9.9	10.4	9.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,275	5,910	6,640	6,275	5,910	6,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,715	5,975	6,740	22.7	22.2	23.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,700	8,500	8,870	8,700	8,500	8,870
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	56,110	26,960	29,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	15,125	8,735	6,390	27.0	32.4	21.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	66,500	52,800	60,400	66,500	52,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,700	75,900	58,900	68,700	75,900	58,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,475	7,065	8,415	27.6	26.2	28.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	23,000	16,600	19,000	23,000	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,360	35,560	24,140	29,360	35,560	24,140
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.2	83.6	73.4	79.2	83.6	73.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.9	61.3	51.2	56.9	61.3	51.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.8	16.3	26.6	20.8	16.3	26.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	4.1	6.5	5.1	4.1	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.2	4.9	4.0	3.2	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	56,080	26,940	29,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,255	615	635	2.2	2.3	2.2
With total income	54,830	26,320	28,505	97.8	97.7	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,050	1,685	2,370	7.4	6.4	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	6,755	2,555	4,195	12.3	9.7	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	9,000	3,595	5,405	16.4	13.7	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	7,700	3,290	4,410	14.0	12.5	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	6,510	2,930	3,580	11.9	11.1	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	5,150	2,550	2,605	9.4	9.7	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	3,860	2,070	1,790	7.0	7.9	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	2,880	1,700	1,185	5.3	6.5	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,145	1,315	830	3.9	5.0	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,720	1,070	650	3.1	4.1	2.3
$100,000 and over	5,055	3,560	1,495	9.2	13.5	5.2
$100,000 to $149,999	3,305	2,225	1,085	6.0	8.5	3.8
$150,000 and over	1,750	1,335	410	3.2	5.1	1.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	56,080	26,940	29,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,225	600	625	2.2	2.2	2.1
With after-tax income	54,860	26,340	28,520	97.8	97.8	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,305	1,760	2,545	7.8	6.7	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	7,020	2,660	4,360	12.8	10.1	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	10,000	4,050	5,945	18.2	15.4	20.8
$30,000 to $39,999	8,990	3,925	5,065	16.4	14.9	17.8
$40,000 to $49,999	7,255	3,415	3,835	13.2	13.0	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	5,225	2,780	2,445	9.5	10.6	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,720	2,165	1,555	6.8	8.2	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,540	1,570	970	4.6	6.0	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,845	1,170	670	3.4	4.4	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,105	735	370	2.0	2.8	1.3
$100,000 and over	2,865	2,105	760	5.2	8.0	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,410	1,000	415	2.6	3.8	1.5
$125,000 and over	1,450	1,105	345	2.6	4.2	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	56,080	26,940	29,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,485	8,940	11,550	36.5	33.2	39.6
With employment income	35,600	18,005	17,590	63.5	66.8	60.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,550	2,515	3,035	15.6	14.0	17.3
$5,000 to $9,999	2,905	1,225	1,680	8.2	6.8	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	4,485	1,880	2,605	12.6	10.4	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	3,490	1,500	1,995	9.8	8.3	11.3
$30,000 to $39,999	3,495	1,550	1,950	9.8	8.6	11.1
$40,000 to $49,999	3,120	1,485	1,635	8.8	8.2	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	2,745	1,435	1,305	7.7	8.0	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	2,085	1,190	890	5.9	6.6	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	1,795	1,075	720	5.0	6.0	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,425	905	520	4.0	5.0	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,185	750	430	3.3	4.2	2.4
$100,000 and over	3,315	2,490	825	9.3	13.8	4.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,580	1,105	470	4.4	6.1	2.7
$125,000 and over	1,735	1,390	350	4.9	7.7	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	56,085	26,940	29,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	53,755	25,725	28,030	95.8	95.5	96.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,000	32,400	38,000	46,000	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	53,855	25,755	28,105	96.0	95.6	96.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,800	29,600	34,400	40,800	29,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,150	23,855	25,290	87.6	88.5	86.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	42,000	27,000	33,600	42,000	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,680	18,890	18,795	67.2	70.1	64.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	41,200	27,000	33,200	41,200	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	38,910	16,920	21,990	69.4	62.8	75.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,500	11,400	10,100	10,500	11,400	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,360	2,250	2,115	7.8	8.4	7.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	5,400	5,200	5,280	5,400	5,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	56,105	26,960	29,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	53,820	25,830	27,990	95.9	95.8	96.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,440	59,300	40,360	49,440	59,300	40,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	53,950	25,840	28,120	96.2	95.8	96.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,800	49,280	34,920	41,800	49,280	34,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,320	24,105	25,220	87.9	89.4	86.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,680	56,000	35,840	45,680	56,000	35,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,780	19,025	18,755	67.3	70.6	64.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,680	53,200	34,000	43,680	53,200	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,050	17,040	22,015	69.6	63.2	75.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,430	10,610	10,280	10,430	10,610	10,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,400	2,265	2,135	7.8	8.4	7.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,860	6,370	7,380	6,860	6,370	7,380
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	56,110	26,960	29,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	15,030	8,705	6,330	26.8	32.3	21.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	65,000	48,000	57,200	65,000	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,500	73,100	55,000	65,500	73,100	55,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,735	6,715	8,015	26.3	24.9	27.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	28,600	21,000	24,000	28,600	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,640	44,480	28,200	35,640	44,480	28,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.6	88.2	80.0	84.6	88.2	80.0
Employment income (%)	62.0	66.2	56.4	62.0	66.2	56.4
Government transfers (%)	15.3	11.8	20.0	15.3	11.8	20.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	28,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,470	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	20,255	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	28,725	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,100	...	...	97,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,400	...	...	83,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,480	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,760	...	...	47,760	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,880	...	...	41,880	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	20,245	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,700	...	...	117,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,800	...	...	100,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	28,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	215	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	125	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	210	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	655	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,345	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,005	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,020	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,320	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,190	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,190	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,175	...	...	7.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,135	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,935	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,855	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,720	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,635	...	...	37.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,340	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,300	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,685	...	...	9.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,310	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	28,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	250	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	130	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	230	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	680	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,410	...	...	4.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,110	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,240	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,410	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,395	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,305	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,495	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,400	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,245	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,115	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,800	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,510	...	...	29.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,235	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,065	...	...	7.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,210	...	...	11.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	19,325	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,385	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,620	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,815	5,245	6,565	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	38,800	35,600	36,800	38,800	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	35,600	33,200	34,400	35,600	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	19,245	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,600	...	...	117,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,400	...	...	100,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,695	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,600	...	...	104,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,300	...	...	89,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,450	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,200	...	...	128,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,530	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,200	...	...	79,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,300	...	...	71,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,755	5,185	6,565	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,680	48,000	42,040	44,680	48,000	42,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,400	41,800	37,480	39,400	41,800	37,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	65,315	31,655	33,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	11,180	5,705	5,475	17.1	18.0	16.3
0 to 5 years	3,205	1,630	1,575	4.9	5.1	4.7
18 to 64 years	36,800	17,920	18,880	56.3	56.6	56.1
65 years and over	17,335	8,030	9,305	26.5	25.4	27.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,500	2,865	3,630	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,095	555	540	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	350	170	175	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,095	1,475	1,620	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,310	835	1,475	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.0	9.1	10.8	10.0	9.1	10.8
0 to 17 years (%)	9.8	9.7	9.8	9.8	9.7	9.8
0 to 5 years (%)	10.9	10.7	11.1	10.9	10.7	11.1
18 to 64 years (%)	8.4	8.2	8.6	8.4	8.2	8.6
65 years and over (%)	13.3	10.4	15.8	13.3	10.4	15.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	61,705	29,920	31,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	10,925	5,570	5,355	17.7	18.6	16.8
0 to 5 years	3,125	1,585	1,540	5.1	5.3	4.8
18 to 64 years	35,305	17,210	18,090	57.2	57.5	56.9
65 years and over	15,475	7,135	8,340	25.1	23.8	26.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,010	1,040	970	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	375	180	190	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	95	45	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,390	765	630	...	...	...
65 years and over	250	100	145	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.5	3.1	3.3	3.5	3.1
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.2	3.6	3.4	3.2	3.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	4.4	3.5	3.9	4.4	3.5
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.4	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	65,315	31,655	33,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	32,930	15,385	17,545	50.4	48.6	52.1
In bottom decile	5,990	2,760	3,230	9.2	8.7	9.6
In second decile	6,755	3,000	3,750	10.3	9.5	11.1
In third decile	6,820	3,155	3,665	10.4	10.0	10.9
In fourth decile	6,595	3,145	3,450	10.1	9.9	10.2
In fifth decile	6,770	3,320	3,450	10.4	10.5	10.2
In top half of the distribution	32,390	16,270	16,120	49.6	51.4	47.9
In sixth decile	6,715	3,340	3,380	10.3	10.6	10.0
In seventh decile	6,660	3,280	3,380	10.2	10.4	10.0
In eighth decile	6,665	3,395	3,270	10.2	10.7	9.7
In ninth decile	6,255	3,135	3,120	9.6	9.9	9.3
In top decile	6,090	3,120	2,970	9.3	9.9	8.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	65,320	...	...	65,320	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.323	...	...	0.323	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.447	...	...	0.447	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.284	...	...	0.284	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	66,110	32,080	34,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	61,690	30,180	31,510	93.3	94.1	92.6
French only	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,155	1,770	2,385	6.3	5.5	7.0
Neither English nor French	255	120	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	66,110	32,080	34,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	65,085	31,610	33,475	98.4	98.5	98.4
French	695	325	375	1.1	1.0	1.1
English and French	80	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	250	115	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	66,110	32,080	34,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	65,065	31,605	33,465	98.4	98.5	98.3
Official languages	58,930	28,760	30,165	89.1	89.7	88.6
English	58,105	28,370	29,730	87.9	88.4	87.4
French	830	395	435	1.3	1.2	1.3
Non-official languages	6,135	2,845	3,295	9.3	8.9	9.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,070	2,815	3,250	9.2	8.8	9.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	405	135	265	0.6	0.4	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	330	110	220	0.5	0.3	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,730	2,290	2,440	7.2	7.1	7.2
Albanian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,085	475	605	1.6	1.5	1.8
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,065	465	600	1.6	1.4	1.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	140	45	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
Russian	485	210	270	0.7	0.7	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	240	110	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,275	1,105	1,165	3.4	3.4	3.4
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,630	795	830	2.5	2.5	2.4
German	1,550	760	790	2.3	2.4	2.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	525	245	285	0.8	0.8	0.8
Afrikaans	95	50	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dutch	390	175	215	0.6	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	790	415	375	1.2	1.3	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	745	390	355	1.1	1.2	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	600	300	300	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	510	255	250	0.8	0.8	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	275	140	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	100	30	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	140	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	275	100	170	0.4	0.3	0.5
Chinese languages	260	95	165	0.4	0.3	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	120	35	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	130	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	115	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,040	470	565	1.6	1.5	1.7
English and French	205	90	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	705	320	385	1.1	1.0	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	66,110	32,080	34,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	60,560	29,520	31,040	91.6	92.0	91.2
French	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	985	490	495	1.5	1.5	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	980	490	490	1.5	1.5	1.4
English and French	520	225	295	0.8	0.7	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	3,760	1,710	2,050	5.7	5.3	6.0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	66,110	32,080	34,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	65,395	31,765	33,635	98.9	99.0	98.8
Official languages	63,320	30,755	32,560	95.8	95.9	95.7
English	63,175	30,690	32,490	95.6	95.7	95.5
French	140	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	2,080	1,005	1,075	3.1	3.1	3.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,075	1,005	1,070	3.1	3.1	3.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	180	80	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,460	725	730	2.2	2.3	2.1
Albanian	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	285	130	160	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	280	125	155	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	190	80	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	455	230	225	0.7	0.7	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	375	190	185	0.6	0.6	0.5
German	350	180	170	0.5	0.6	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	535	270	265	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	515	255	255	0.8	0.8	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	435	215	220	0.7	0.7	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	145	85	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	120	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	115	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	715	315	400	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and French	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	640	280	360	1.0	0.9	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	66,110	32,080	34,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	62,230	30,305	31,925	94.1	94.5	93.8
English	940	445	490	1.4	1.4	1.4
French	430	180	245	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	2,060	930	1,125	3.1	2.9	3.3
Indigenous³⁹	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,970	895	1,070	3.0	2.8	3.1
English and French	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	235	115	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	65,325	31,660	33,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	65,115	31,585	33,530	99.7	99.8	99.6
English	65,105	31,580	33,530	99.7	99.7	99.6
French	4,145	1,750	2,395	6.3	5.5	7.1
Non-official languages	8,330	3,655	4,670	12.8	11.5	13.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	225	100	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,115	3,560	4,555	12.4	11.2	13.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	230	105	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	230	105	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	170	70	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	190	80	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	185	80	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	450	140	310	0.7	0.4	0.9
Bikol	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	425	120	300	0.7	0.4	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,345	2,905	3,445	9.7	9.2	10.2
Albanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,340	605	735	2.1	1.9	2.2
Baltic languages	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,300	575	730	2.0	1.8	2.2
Belarusian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	200	90	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	670	310	360	1.0	1.0	1.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	265	90	170	0.4	0.3	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,930	1,405	1,525	4.5	4.4	4.5
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,245	1,085	1,160	3.4	3.4	3.4
German	2,215	1,070	1,145	3.4	3.4	3.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	70	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	630	300	335	1.0	0.9	1.0
Afrikaans	155	80	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dutch	435	195	240	0.7	0.6	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	125	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	930	425	500	1.4	1.3	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	885	405	480	1.4	1.3	1.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	280	120	155	0.4	0.4	0.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	710	300	410	1.1	0.9	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,520	650	870	2.3	2.1	2.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	255	100	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
Portuguese	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,165	495	670	1.8	1.6	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	235	65	170	0.4	0.2	0.5
Korean	115	40	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	135	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	125	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	350	115	235	0.5	0.4	0.7
Chinese languages	345	115	235	0.5	0.4	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	220	70	155	0.3	0.2	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	155	50	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	110	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	80	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	65,325	31,660	33,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,885	2,230	2,655	7.5	7.0	7.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,750	2,175	2,575	7.3	6.9	7.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,610	1,170	1,440	4.0	3.7	4.3
Métis	2,115	995	1,120	3.2	3.1	3.3
Inuk (Inuit)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	60,440	29,425	31,010	92.5	92.9	92.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	65,325	31,660	33,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,895	875	1,020	2.9	2.8	3.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	63,430	30,785	32,650	97.1	97.2	97.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	28,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	20,925	...	...	72.8	...	...
Renter	7,740	...	...	26.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	28,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,755	...	...	16.6	...	...
Not condominium	23,970	...	...	83.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	28,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	245	...	...	0.9	...	...
1 bedroom	3,190	...	...	11.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,790	...	...	27.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,445	...	...	29.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,055	...	...	31.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	28,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,280	...	...	25.3	...	...
5 rooms	4,055	...	...	14.1	...	...
6 rooms	3,880	...	...	13.5	...	...
7 rooms	3,295	...	...	11.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,215	...	...	35.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	28,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	28,470	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	255	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	28,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	27,940	...	...	97.3	...	...
Not suitable	780	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	28,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,060	...	...	10.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,185	...	...	32.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,560	...	...	12.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,075	...	...	17.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,885	...	...	6.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,150	...	...	7.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,370	...	...	4.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,445	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	28,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	27,075	...	...	94.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,650	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	28,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	13,755	...	...	47.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	13,535	...	...	47.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,435	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	28,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	570	...	...	2.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,775	...	...	9.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,945	...	...	13.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,255	...	...	14.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,210	...	...	21.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,995	...	...	20.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,615	...	...	12.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,350	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	26,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	20,745	...	...	77.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,895	...	...	22.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,310	...	...	19.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	28,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,705	...	...	26.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,375	...	...	18.7	...	...
Not suitable only	570	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,150	...	...	4.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	100	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	395	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	21,020	...	...	73.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	26,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,540	...	...	5.9	...	...
Not in core need	24,520	...	...	94.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,045	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.2	...	...	55.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.5	...	...	14.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,368	...	...	1,368	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	659,000	...	...	659,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,640	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.9	...	...	10.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	41.0	...	...	41.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.1	...	...	14.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180	...	...	1,180	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,302	...	...	1,302	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	65	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	15.4	...	...	15.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	500	...	...	500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	480	...	...	480	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	65,320	31,660	33,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,600	755	840	2.4	2.4	2.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,535	720	815	2.3	2.3	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,170	525	640	1.8	1.7	1.9
Métis single ancestry	350	190	160	0.5	0.6	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,670	1,695	1,975	5.6	5.4	5.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,595	1,665	1,930	5.5	5.3	5.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,190	965	1,225	3.4	3.0	3.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,395	695	700	2.1	2.2	2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	60,055	29,210	30,840	91.9	92.3	91.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	65,325	31,655	33,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	62,660	30,455	32,205	95.9	96.2	95.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	10,920	5,475	5,445	16.7	17.3	16.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	51,745	24,980	26,760	79.2	78.9	79.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,660	1,205	1,455	4.1	3.8	4.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	65,325	31,655	33,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	56,995	27,785	29,205	87.2	87.8	86.8
Immigrants⁸¹	7,825	3,615	4,205	12.0	11.4	12.5
Before 1980	3,345	1,575	1,770	5.1	5.0	5.3
1980 to 1990	845	370	475	1.3	1.2	1.4
1991 to 2000	830	400	430	1.3	1.3	1.3
2001 to 2010	1,430	640	790	2.2	2.0	2.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,370	625	750	2.1	2.0	2.2
2011 to 2015	615	290	320	0.9	0.9	1.0
2016 to 2021	760	330	420	1.2	1.0	1.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	510	255	255	0.8	0.8	0.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,820	3,615	4,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,000	525	475	12.8	14.5	11.3
5 to 14 years	1,580	775	805	20.2	21.4	19.1
15 to 24 years	1,740	780	960	22.3	21.6	22.8
25 to 44 years	2,910	1,300	1,610	37.2	36.0	38.2
45 years and over	595	235	355	7.6	6.5	8.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,820	3,615	4,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,050	410	640	13.4	11.3	15.2
Brazil	30	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.2
Colombia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
El Salvador	35	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.5
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	15	30	0.6	0.4	0.7
Mexico	60	20	40	0.8	0.6	1.0
Peru	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
United States of America	700	290	410	9.0	8.0	9.7
Other places of birth in Americas	150	50	95	1.9	1.4	2.3
Europe	4,320	2,180	2,140	55.2	60.3	50.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	20	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
France	40	25	20	0.5	0.7	0.5
Germany	880	460	415	11.3	12.7	9.9
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	35	15	25	0.4	0.4	0.6
Italy	75	45	35	1.0	1.2	0.8
Netherlands	380	205	180	4.9	5.7	4.3
Poland	250	110	140	3.2	3.0	3.3
Portugal	45	15	25	0.6	0.4	0.6
Romania	25	20	10	0.3	0.6	0.2
Russian Federation	100	45	50	1.3	1.2	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
Ukraine	105	45	60	1.3	1.2	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,570	770	805	20.1	21.3	19.1
Other places of birth in Europe	770	405	365	9.8	11.2	8.7
Africa	340	155	190	4.3	4.3	4.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	200	90	115	2.6	2.5	2.7
Other places of birth in Africa	110	60	45	1.4	1.7	1.1
Asia	1,800	720	1,080	23.0	19.9	25.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	30	25	10	0.4	0.7	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	20	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	65	35	30	0.8	1.0	0.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	185	60	130	2.4	1.7	3.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	10	25	0.5	0.3	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	50	15	30	0.6	0.4	0.7
Taiwan	30	0	25	0.4	0.0	0.6
Philippines	390	115	270	5.0	3.2	6.4
Viet Nam	125	50	75	1.6	1.4	1.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	475	205	265	6.1	5.7	6.3
Pakistan	110	65	50	1.4	1.8	1.2
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	250	100	150	3.2	2.8	3.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	305	145	160	3.9	4.0	3.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	760	335	425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	110	40	70	14.5	11.9	16.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	15	3.3	3.0	3.5
Mexico	10	0	10	1.3	0.0	2.4
United States of America	60	25	30	7.9	7.5	7.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	130	55	80	17.1	16.4	18.8
France	10	0	10	1.3	0.0	2.4
Germany	20	0	15	2.6	0.0	3.5
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	1.3	0.0	2.4
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	40	10	5.9	11.9	2.4
Other places of birth in Europe	25	0	20	3.3	0.0	4.7
Africa	55	20	35	7.2	6.0	8.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	10	25	5.3	3.0	5.9
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	10	2.0	0.0	2.4
Asia	410	190	225	53.9	56.7	52.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	20	2.6	0.0	4.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	85	45	40	11.2	13.4	9.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	10	0	1.3	3.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	2.0	0.0	2.4
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15	3.3	3.0	3.5
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	20	0	10	2.6	0.0	2.4
Philippines	130	45	90	17.1	13.4	21.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	65	35	25	8.6	10.4	5.9
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	1.3	3.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	10	2.6	3.0	2.4
Oceania and other⁹³	50	30	20	6.6	9.0	4.7
Australia	40	25	15	5.3	7.5	3.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	65,325	31,660	33,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,030	4,250	4,785	13.8	13.4	14.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,665	6,190	6,470	19.4	19.6	19.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	43,630	21,220	22,410	66.8	67.0	66.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,480	2,040	2,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,325	1,205	1,120	51.9	59.1	46.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	965	595	365	21.5	29.2	15.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,360	605	755	30.4	29.7	31.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,780	655	1,125	39.7	32.1	46.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	350	175	170	7.8	8.6	7.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	0	20	0.6	0.0	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,480	2,040	2,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50	20	20	1.1	1.0	0.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	895	430	465	20.0	21.1	19.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	120	45	70	2.7	2.2	2.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	160	60	100	3.6	2.9	4.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	55	30	25	1.2	1.5	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,205	1,450	1,755	71.5	71.1	72.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	65,325	31,660	33,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,435	1,945	2,490	6.8	6.1	7.4
South Asian	1,305	625	680	2.0	2.0	2.0
Chinese	595	240	355	0.9	0.8	1.1
Black	375	185	195	0.6	0.6	0.6
Filipino	565	195	370	0.9	0.6	1.1
Arab	185	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin American	255	80	175	0.4	0.3	0.5
Southeast Asian	325	150	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
West Asian	40	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	110	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	485	200	285	0.7	0.6	0.8
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	60,890	29,715	31,175	93.2	93.9	92.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	65,325	31,655	33,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,440	4,180	4,260	12.9	13.2	12.7
English	19,960	9,475	10,485	30.6	29.9	31.1
Irish	11,525	5,405	6,115	17.6	17.1	18.2
Scottish	14,535	6,985	7,550	22.3	22.1	22.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,455	3,045	3,410	9.9	9.6	10.1
German	12,875	6,260	6,615	19.7	19.8	19.6
Chinese	705	290	410	1.1	0.9	1.2
Italian	1,955	950	1,005	3.0	3.0	3.0
Indian (India)	705	355	350	1.1	1.1	1.0
Ukrainian	5,295	2,425	2,865	8.1	7.7	8.5
Dutch	3,970	1,925	2,045	6.1	6.1	6.1
Polish	2,475	1,185	1,285	3.8	3.7	3.8
Québécois	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,940	1,460	1,485	4.5	4.6	4.4
Filipino	585	200	385	0.9	0.6	1.1
French Canadian	755	350	405	1.2	1.1	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,335	675	660	2.0	2.1	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,520	670	855	2.3	2.1	2.5
Métis	1,875	940	935	2.9	3.0	2.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,655	810	845	2.5	2.6	2.5
Russian	2,625	1,260	1,365	4.0	4.0	4.1
Norwegian	3,045	1,435	1,615	4.7	4.5	4.8
Welsh	2,055	1,010	1,050	3.1	3.2	3.1
Portuguese	230	120	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
American	1,425	670	750	2.2	2.1	2.2
Spanish	345	150	195	0.5	0.5	0.6
Swedish	1,985	880	1,110	3.0	2.8	3.3
Hungarian	850	390	455	1.3	1.2	1.4
Acadian	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	210	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	100	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jewish	260	150	110	0.4	0.5	0.3
Punjabi	200	80	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Vietnamese	180	70	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	200	110	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	115	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	540	205	335	0.8	0.6	1.0
Korean	125	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	570	260	310	0.9	0.8	0.9
Lebanese	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	150	80	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Danish	915	450	470	1.4	1.4	1.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	430	170	260	0.7	0.5	0.8
Sikh	100	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austrian	1,085	510	570	1.7	1.6	1.7
Belgian	435	200	235	0.7	0.6	0.7
Haitian	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindu	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	165	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	225	115	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Swiss	565	265	300	0.9	0.8	0.9
Finnish	485	195	290	0.7	0.6	0.9
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	235	130	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Japanese	575	235	340	0.9	0.7	1.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	95	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	525	220	305	0.8	0.7	0.9
Muslim	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	585	295	295	0.9	0.9	0.9
Colombian	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	375	190	185	0.6	0.6	0.5
Syrian	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	80	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Konger	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Slovak	115	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	170	90	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
South African	250	140	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
Australian	330	180	150	0.5	0.6	0.4
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	90	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Peruvian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	110	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	225	85	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bulgarian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuban	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	230	115	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ecuadorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	105	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	145	80	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Burmese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	65,325	31,660	33,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	265	105	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
Christian	26,945	12,090	14,855	41.2	38.2	44.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,275	2,895	3,380	9.6	9.1	10.0
Anabaptist	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	2,355	970	1,380	3.6	3.1	4.1
Baptist	1,215	555	650	1.9	1.8	1.9
Catholic	6,925	3,135	3,790	10.6	9.9	11.3
Christian Orthodox	250	110	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	620	265	355	0.9	0.8	1.1
Latter Day Saints	520	255	270	0.8	0.8	0.8
Lutheran	1,495	720	770	2.3	2.3	2.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	820	370	445	1.3	1.2	1.3
Presbyterian	410	160	245	0.6	0.5	0.7
Reformed	420	195	225	0.6	0.6	0.7
United Church	3,185	1,300	1,890	4.9	4.1	5.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,330	1,105	1,230	3.6	3.5	3.7
Hindu	240	125	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	120	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	450	240	210	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sikh	490	205	285	0.8	0.6	0.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	130	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	620	210	410	0.9	0.7	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	36,065	18,575	17,495	55.2	58.7	52.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	64,830	31,405	33,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	55,910	27,070	28,840	86.2	86.2	86.3
Movers	8,925	4,340	4,590	13.8	13.8	13.7
Non-migrants	4,500	2,155	2,350	6.9	6.9	7.0
Migrants	4,425	2,180	2,240	6.8	6.9	6.7
Internal migrants	4,065	2,050	2,015	6.3	6.5	6.0
Intraprovincial migrants	2,970	1,460	1,515	4.6	4.6	4.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,095	595	500	1.7	1.9	1.5
External migrants	360	130	225	0.6	0.4	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	62,715	30,330	32,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	33,440	16,060	17,380	53.3	53.0	53.7
Movers	29,275	14,270	15,005	46.7	47.0	46.3
Non-migrants	9,005	4,340	4,660	14.4	14.3	14.4
Migrants	20,275	9,925	10,345	32.3	32.7	31.9
Internal migrants	18,905	9,315	9,590	30.1	30.7	29.6
Intraprovincial migrants	14,245	6,890	7,355	22.7	22.7	22.7
Interprovincial migrants	4,660	2,425	2,240	7.4	8.0	6.9
External migrants	1,365	610	750	2.2	2.0	2.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,110	26,960	29,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,070	5,235	4,835	17.9	19.4	16.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,035	21,725	24,315	82.0	80.6	83.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,705	15,920	16,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,775	2,160	1,610	11.5	13.6	9.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	28,930	13,760	15,170	88.5	86.4	90.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,105	26,960	29,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,325	4,190	4,135	14.8	15.5	14.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,750	8,575	9,175	31.6	31.8	31.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,030	14,190	15,840	53.5	52.6	54.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,900	9,750	10,150	35.5	36.2	34.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,080	4,650	1,430	10.8	17.2	4.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,240	1,265	975	4.0	4.7	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,840	3,385	455	6.8	12.6	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,000	4,445	7,555	21.4	16.5	25.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,815	655	1,155	3.2	2.4	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,130	4,440	5,690	18.1	16.5	19.5
Bachelor's degree	6,520	2,680	3,835	11.6	9.9	13.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	705	305	400	1.3	1.1	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	455	265	190	0.8	1.0	0.7
Master's degree	2,200	1,035	1,160	3.9	3.8	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	255	155	100	0.5	0.6	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,705	15,915	16,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,990	1,750	1,240	9.1	11.0	7.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,900	5,100	4,805	30.3	32.0	28.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,815	9,075	10,740	60.6	57.0	64.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,770	6,170	6,605	39.0	38.8	39.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,540	2,755	785	10.8	17.3	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,295	725	570	4.0	4.6	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,250	2,030	220	6.9	12.8	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,065	2,980	5,085	24.7	18.7	30.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,165	435	730	3.6	2.7	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,040	2,900	4,140	21.5	18.2	24.7
Bachelor's degree	4,685	1,875	2,810	14.3	11.8	16.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	450	170	285	1.4	1.1	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	315	160	160	1.0	1.0	1.0
Master's degree	1,450	625	825	4.4	3.9	4.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	135	70	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	56,105	26,960	29,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,075	12,765	13,310	46.5	47.3	45.7
Education	2,825	830	1,995	5.0	3.1	6.8
13. Education	2,825	830	1,995	5.0	3.1	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	820	305	515	1.5	1.1	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	105	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	695	205	490	1.2	0.8	1.7
Humanities	1,015	410	605	1.8	1.5	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	250	70	180	0.4	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	320	125	195	0.6	0.5	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	65	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	155	80	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,520	765	1,755	4.5	2.8	6.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	245	110	135	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	590	55	535	1.1	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	410	100	310	0.7	0.4	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	425	145	280	0.8	0.5	1.0
45. Social sciences	760	330	430	1.4	1.2	1.5
Business, management and public administration	5,680	2,010	3,670	10.1	7.5	12.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	525	140	385	0.9	0.5	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,150	1,870	3,280	9.2	6.9	11.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,030	490	535	1.8	1.8	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	395	130	260	0.7	0.5	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	280	130	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	270	215	55	0.5	0.8	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	15	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	715	470	240	1.3	1.7	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	565	405	155	1.0	1.5	0.5
25. Library science	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	55	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,795	6,350	440	12.1	23.6	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	140	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
14. Engineering	655	575	80	1.2	2.1	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,355	1,210	140	2.4	4.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,085	2,030	55	3.7	7.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,640	1,615	25	2.9	6.0	0.1
48. Precision production	920	855	65	1.6	3.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,020	680	340	1.8	2.5	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	465	260	210	0.8	1.0	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	555	425	135	1.0	1.6	0.5
Health and related fields	5,735	975	4,755	10.2	3.6	16.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	340	120	220	0.6	0.4	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,245	770	4,475	9.3	2.9	15.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	135	80	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,855	895	960	3.3	3.3	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,235	350	885	2.2	1.3	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	195	140	50	0.3	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	395	375	25	0.7	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	32,705	15,920	16,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,890	6,840	6,045	39.4	43.0	36.0
Education	1,560	430	1,130	4.8	2.7	6.7
13. Education	1,560	430	1,130	4.8	2.7	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	545	170	380	1.7	1.1	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	40	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	485	125	360	1.5	0.8	2.1
Humanities	690	300	390	2.1	1.9	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	160	45	115	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	215	90	120	0.7	0.6	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	40	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	60	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,875	535	1,340	5.7	3.4	8.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	230	105	120	0.7	0.7	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	440	40	400	1.3	0.3	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	325	65	260	1.0	0.4	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	305	100	205	0.9	0.6	1.2
45. Social sciences	495	200	305	1.5	1.3	1.8
Business, management and public administration	3,900	1,365	2,535	11.9	8.6	15.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	375	75	300	1.1	0.5	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,525	1,290	2,240	10.8	8.1	13.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	705	310	395	2.2	1.9	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	305	80	225	0.9	0.5	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	185	75	110	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	185	145	45	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	530	380	145	1.6	2.4	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	460	360	110	1.4	2.3	0.7
25. Library science	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,205	3,855	350	12.9	24.2	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	80	20	65	0.2	0.1	0.4
14. Engineering	400	325	75	1.2	2.0	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	885	765	120	2.7	4.8	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,290	1,250	40	3.9	7.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,010	995	15	3.1	6.3	0.1
48. Precision production	540	495	45	1.7	3.1	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	705	445	260	2.2	2.8	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	305	165	140	0.9	1.0	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	400	280	125	1.2	1.8	0.7
Health and related fields	3,845	695	3,140	11.8	4.4	18.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	275	100	175	0.8	0.6	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,480	550	2,930	10.6	3.5	17.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	45	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,235	590	650	3.8	3.7	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	825	245	585	2.5	1.5	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	135	85	50	0.4	0.5	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	255	240	15	0.8	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	32,705	15,920	16,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,890	6,840	6,045	39.4	43.0	36.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	19,810	9,070	10,740	60.6	57.0	64.0
Location of study inside Canada	17,585	8,040	9,545	53.8	50.5	56.8
Same as province or territory of residence	12,415	5,505	6,905	38.0	34.6	41.1
Different than province or territory of residence	5,170	2,530	2,645	15.8	15.9	15.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,225	1,030	1,195	6.8	6.5	7.1
Americas	650	305	345	2.0	1.9	2.1
United States of America	570	285	285	1.7	1.8	1.7
Mexico	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	700	350	340	2.1	2.2	2.0
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	100	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Netherlands	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	325	170	150	1.0	1.1	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	85	50	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Africa	85	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	70	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	605	210	395	1.8	1.3	2.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	20	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	240	60	180	0.7	0.4	1.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	170	70	95	0.5	0.4	0.6
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	190	125	60	0.6	0.8	0.4
Australia	130	80	50	0.4	0.5	0.3
New Zealand	60	50	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	56,105	26,960	29,150	...	...	...
In the labour force	31,790	16,565	15,220	...	...	...
Employed	29,180	15,175	14,005	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,605	1,390	1,210	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	24,320	10,390	13,925	...	...	...
Participation rate	56.7	61.4	52.2	56.7	61.4	52.2
Employment rate	52.0	56.3	48.0	52.0	56.3	48.0
Unemployment rate	8.2	8.4	8.0	8.2	8.4	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	56,105	26,960	29,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	23,935	10,230	13,705	42.7	37.9	47.0
Worked	32,175	16,730	15,440	57.3	62.1	53.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	15,610	9,040	6,570	27.8	33.5	22.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	16,560	7,685	8,870	29.5	28.5	30.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	41.2	39.7	40.5	41.2	39.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	31,785	16,565	15,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	570	350	220	1.8	2.1	1.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	31,220	16,215	15,000	98.2	97.9	98.6
Employee	25,445	12,845	12,595	80.1	77.5	82.8
Permanent position	21,005	10,765	10,245	66.1	65.0	67.3
Temporary position	4,435	2,080	2,355	14.0	12.6	15.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,040	505	535	3.3	3.0	3.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,395	1,575	1,820	10.7	9.5	12.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,775	3,370	2,400	18.2	20.3	15.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	31,785	16,565	15,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	570	350	220	1.8	2.1	1.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	31,220	16,215	15,000	98.2	97.9	98.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	385	255	125	1.2	1.5	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,465	1,100	3,370	14.0	6.6	22.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,805	1,435	365	5.7	8.7	2.4
3 Health occupations	2,990	595	2,400	9.4	3.6	15.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,195	985	2,215	10.1	5.9	14.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	900	380	515	2.8	2.3	3.4
6 Sales and service occupations	8,970	3,935	5,035	28.2	23.8	33.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,120	5,640	480	19.3	34.0	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,085	825	260	3.4	5.0	1.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,290	1,065	225	4.1	6.4	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	31,785	16,565	15,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	570	350	220	1.8	2.1	1.4
All industries¹⁹¹	31,220	16,215	15,000	98.2	97.9	98.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	945	615	330	3.0	3.7	2.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	345	315	30	1.1	1.9	0.2
22 Utilities	380	265	115	1.2	1.6	0.8
23 Construction	3,240	2,815	430	10.2	17.0	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	2,290	1,760	530	7.2	10.6	3.5
41 Wholesale trade	895	640	260	2.8	3.9	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	4,680	2,220	2,465	14.7	13.4	16.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,080	860	230	3.4	5.2	1.5
51 Information and cultural industries	310	200	105	1.0	1.2	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	790	280	515	2.5	1.7	3.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	585	275	310	1.8	1.7	2.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,065	1,085	980	6.5	6.5	6.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,230	675	555	3.9	4.1	3.6
61 Educational services	1,985	615	1,365	6.2	3.7	9.0
62 Health care and social assistance	4,685	875	3,810	14.7	5.3	25.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	870	485	385	2.7	2.9	2.5
72 Accommodation and food services	2,245	1,010	1,235	7.1	6.1	8.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,435	695	745	4.5	4.2	4.9
91 Public administration	1,070	515	560	3.4	3.1	3.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	34,745	17,915	16,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	34,100	17,645	16,455	98.1	98.5	97.7
French	55	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	200	70	130	0.6	0.4	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	320	145	170	0.9	0.8	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	34,745	17,915	16,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	34,705	17,895	16,810	99.9	99.9	99.9
Official languages	34,605	17,845	16,755	99.6	99.6	99.5
English	34,505	17,820	16,685	99.3	99.5	99.1
French	95	30	70	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official languages	100	45	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	95	45	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
German	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	34,745	17,915	16,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	34,255	17,715	16,540	98.6	98.9	98.2
English	85	20	60	0.2	0.1	0.4
French	145	55	90	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-official language	215	100	115	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	200	95	105	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	29,180	15,170	14,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,515	2,165	2,345	15.5	14.3	16.7
Worked outside Canada	75	60	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,695	3,495	1,200	16.1	23.0	8.6
Usual place of work	19,900	9,455	10,450	68.2	62.3	74.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	19,900	9,455	10,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,505	4,465	6,040	52.8	47.2	57.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,525	3,175	3,350	32.8	33.6	32.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,665	1,660	1,010	13.4	17.6	9.7
Commute to a different province or territory	205	155	55	1.0	1.6	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	24,595	12,945	11,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	21,875	11,485	10,385	88.9	88.7	89.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	20,165	10,635	9,525	82.0	82.2	81.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,710	850	860	7.0	6.6	7.4
Public transit	300	115	185	1.2	0.9	1.6
Walked	1,425	665	760	5.8	5.1	6.5
Bicycle	340	225	110	1.4	1.7	0.9
Other method	660	450	210	2.7	3.5	1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	24,595	12,945	11,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,840	5,415	6,425	48.1	41.8	55.2
15 to 29 minutes	7,795	4,150	3,640	31.7	32.1	31.2
30 to 44 minutes	2,725	1,775	950	11.1	13.7	8.2
45 to 59 minutes	1,135	780	355	4.6	6.0	3.0
60 minutes and over	1,105	825	275	4.5	6.4	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	24,595	12,945	11,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,550	1,205	345	6.3	9.3	3.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,325	2,915	1,410	17.6	22.5	12.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,545	3,400	3,150	26.6	26.3	27.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,890	2,390	3,500	23.9	18.5	30.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,015	1,165	1,855	12.3	9.0	15.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,265	1,870	1,395	13.3	14.4	12.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	11,430	5,820	5,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,000	495	505	8.7	8.5	9.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,430	5,325	5,105	91.3	91.5	91.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	8,625	4,385	4,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	780	380	400	9.0	8.7	9.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	455	210	240	5.3	4.8	5.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	320	170	160	3.7	3.9	3.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,850	4,005	3,840	91.0	91.3	90.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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