Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	PentictonMore information: British Columbia [Census agglomeration]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	47,380	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	43,534^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.8	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	24,027	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	21,920	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	27.3	...	...	27.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,734.72	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	47,380	22,525	24,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	5,495	2,825	2,670	11.6	12.5	10.7
0 to 4 years	1,600	795	800	3.4	3.5	3.2
5 to 9 years	1,850	960	895	3.9	4.3	3.6
10 to 14 years	2,045	1,075	975	4.3	4.8	3.9
15 to 64 years	27,310	13,135	14,175	57.6	58.3	57.0
15 to 19 years	2,000	1,045	955	4.2	4.6	3.8
20 to 24 years	1,890	975	920	4.0	4.3	3.7
25 to 29 years	2,090	1,015	1,075	4.4	4.5	4.3
30 to 34 years	2,475	1,205	1,270	5.2	5.3	5.1
35 to 39 years	2,675	1,265	1,410	5.6	5.6	5.7
40 to 44 years	2,530	1,275	1,250	5.3	5.7	5.0
45 to 49 years	2,535	1,215	1,320	5.4	5.4	5.3
50 to 54 years	2,815	1,325	1,490	5.9	5.9	6.0
55 to 59 years	3,760	1,730	2,030	7.9	7.7	8.2
60 to 64 years	4,540	2,090	2,450	9.6	9.3	9.9
65 years and over	14,570	6,560	8,010	30.8	29.1	32.2
65 to 69 years	4,105	1,910	2,190	8.7	8.5	8.8
70 to 74 years	3,590	1,725	1,860	7.6	7.7	7.5
75 to 79 years	2,700	1,245	1,450	5.7	5.5	5.8
80 to 84 years	1,950	825	1,120	4.1	3.7	4.5
85 years and over	2,230	855	1,375	4.7	3.8	5.5
85 to 89 years	1,330	595	735	2.8	2.6	3.0
90 to 94 years	720	205	515	1.5	0.9	2.1
95 to 99 years	155	45	115	0.3	0.2	0.5
100 years and over	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.6	12.5	10.7	11.6	12.5	10.7
15 to 64 years	57.6	58.3	57.0	57.6	58.3	57.0
65 years and over	30.8	29.1	32.2	30.8	29.1	32.2
85 years and over	4.7	3.8	5.5	4.7	3.8	5.5
Average age of the population	49.4	48.1	50.6	49.4	48.1	50.6
Median age of the population	53.6	51.6	55.2	53.6	51.6	55.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	21,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	10,525	...	...	48.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	720	...	...	3.3	...	...
Row house	1,970	...	...	9.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	945	...	...	4.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,210	...	...	23.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,210	...	...	5.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	135	...	...	0.6	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,220	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	21,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	7,550	...	...	34.4	...	...
2 persons	8,925	...	...	40.7	...	...
3 persons	2,535	...	...	11.6	...	...
4 persons	1,915	...	...	8.7	...	...
5 or more persons	995	...	...	4.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	46,165	22,065	24,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	41,885	19,700	22,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	23,905	11,905	12,005	57.1	60.4	54.1
Married	19,115	9,520	9,595	45.6	48.3	43.2
Living common-law	4,795	2,390	2,410	11.4	12.1	10.9
Living common law - Never married	3,065	1,525	1,535	7.3	7.7	6.9
Living common law - Separated	220	120	95	0.5	0.6	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	1,310	655	655	3.1	3.3	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	210	85	125	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	17,975	7,795	10,180	42.9	39.6	45.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	9,260	4,975	4,285	22.1	25.3	19.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,375	590	785	3.3	3.0	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,860	1,480	2,385	9.2	7.5	10.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,480	750	2,730	8.3	3.8	12.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	13,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	9,230	...	...	67.1	...	...
3 persons	2,280	...	...	16.6	...	...
4 persons	1,685	...	...	12.2	...	...
5 or more persons	570	...	...	4.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	13,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	11,670	...	...	84.8	...	...
Married couples	9,265	...	...	67.3	...	...
With children⁶	3,110	...	...	22.6	...	...
Without children	6,160	...	...	44.8	...	...
Common-law couples	2,400	...	...	17.4	...	...
With children⁶	690	...	...	5.0	...	...
Without children	1,705	...	...	12.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,100	...	...	15.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,615	...	...	11.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	485	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	46,160	22,065	24,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	35,040	17,240	17,795	75.9	78.1	73.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	23,335	11,640	11,695	50.6	52.8	48.5
Parents in one-parent families	2,095	480	1,610	4.5	2.2	6.7
Children⁶	9,610	5,120	4,490	20.8	23.2	18.6
In a two-parent family	6,525	3,435	3,095	14.1	15.6	12.8
In a one-parent family	3,085	1,685	1,395	6.7	7.6	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,120	4,820	6,300	24.1	21.8	26.1
Living alone	7,550	3,025	4,520	16.4	13.7	18.8
Living with other relatives⁷	1,045	430	615	2.3	1.9	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	2,525	1,365	1,160	5.5	6.2	4.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	21,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,970	...	...	54.6	...	...
Couple-family households	10,420	...	...	47.5	...	...
With children⁶	3,315	...	...	15.1	...	...
Without children	7,110	...	...	32.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,545	...	...	7.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	455	...	...	2.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	165	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	765	...	...	3.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,010	...	...	4.6	...	...
One-person households	7,550	...	...	34.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	40,680	19,245	21,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,990	18,895	21,095	98.3	98.2	98.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,200	35,200	38,400	43,200	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,000	18,905	21,100	98.3	98.2	98.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	39,600	32,400	35,200	39,600	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,545	16,960	18,585	87.4	88.1	86.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	36,800	25,000	30,000	36,800	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,405	12,625	12,775	62.5	65.6	59.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	37,200	28,200	31,800	37,200	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,565	15,730	18,840	85.0	81.7	87.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,700	13,900	13,500	13,700	13,900	13,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,070	2,015	2,055	10.0	10.5	9.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,680	5,480	5,520	5,680	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,505	4,450	5,060	23.4	23.1	23.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	40,655	19,200	21,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,030	18,885	21,145	98.5	98.4	98.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,440	57,450	42,280	49,440	57,450	42,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,045	18,900	21,145	98.5	98.4	98.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,240	47,640	37,400	42,240	47,640	37,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,545	16,935	18,605	87.4	88.2	86.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	52,400	34,800	43,200	52,400	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,365	12,565	12,800	62.4	65.4	59.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,120	50,520	35,840	43,120	50,520	35,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,595	15,660	18,935	85.1	81.6	88.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,820	12,630	12,980	12,820	12,630	12,980
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,095	2,030	2,065	10.1	10.6	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,530	6,530	6,530	6,530	6,530	6,530
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,505	4,435	5,075	23.4	23.1	23.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,750	8,490	8,980	8,750	8,490	8,980
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	40,650	19,205	21,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,285	5,475	4,815	25.3	28.5	22.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	62,800	52,800	57,200	62,800	52,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,200	77,400	57,750	68,200	77,400	57,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	11,155	5,155	6,000	27.4	26.8	28.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	20,600	18,000	19,400	20,600	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,240	33,760	25,360	29,240	33,760	25,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.6	81.8	72.4	77.6	81.8	72.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	55.3	58.5	51.3	55.3	58.5	51.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.4	18.2	27.5	22.4	18.2	27.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.4	6.7	5.4	4.4	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.5	5.1	4.2	3.5	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	40,680	19,245	21,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	690	345	340	1.7	1.8	1.6
With total income	39,990	18,895	21,095	98.3	98.2	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,800	1,140	1,660	7.0	6.0	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	4,930	1,955	2,975	12.3	10.3	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	7,310	3,080	4,230	18.3	16.3	20.1
$30,000 to $39,999	5,825	2,480	3,345	14.6	13.1	15.9
$40,000 to $49,999	4,990	2,250	2,740	12.5	11.9	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	3,840	1,860	1,980	9.6	9.8	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	2,870	1,570	1,300	7.2	8.3	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,935	1,125	805	4.8	6.0	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,450	850	600	3.6	4.5	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,000	575	430	2.5	3.0	2.0
$100,000 and over	3,040	2,015	1,030	7.6	10.7	4.9
$100,000 to $149,999	1,965	1,225	745	4.9	6.5	3.5
$150,000 and over	1,070	795	280	2.7	4.2	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	40,680	19,245	21,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	675	340	340	1.7	1.8	1.6
With after-tax income	40,005	18,905	21,100	98.3	98.2	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,975	1,210	1,765	7.4	6.4	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	5,125	2,015	3,110	12.8	10.7	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	8,100	3,420	4,680	20.2	18.1	22.2
$30,000 to $39,999	6,830	3,000	3,835	17.1	15.9	18.2
$40,000 to $49,999	5,420	2,525	2,900	13.5	13.4	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	3,945	2,105	1,845	9.9	11.1	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,515	1,470	1,050	6.3	7.8	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,635	920	715	4.1	4.9	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,115	645	470	2.8	3.4	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	665	400	265	1.7	2.1	1.3
$100,000 and over	1,670	1,195	475	4.2	6.3	2.3
$100,000 to $124,999	770	530	235	1.9	2.8	1.1
$125,000 and over	905	665	240	2.3	3.5	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	40,680	19,245	21,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	15,280	6,615	8,660	37.6	34.4	40.4
With employment income	25,400	12,625	12,775	62.4	65.6	59.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,170	2,000	2,170	16.4	15.8	17.0
$5,000 to $9,999	2,215	960	1,255	8.7	7.6	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	3,055	1,330	1,725	12.0	10.5	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	2,705	1,210	1,495	10.6	9.6	11.7
$30,000 to $39,999	2,590	1,110	1,485	10.2	8.8	11.6
$40,000 to $49,999	2,285	1,050	1,235	9.0	8.3	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	2,025	1,010	1,015	8.0	8.0	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,570	925	640	6.2	7.3	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,140	700	440	4.5	5.5	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	970	555	415	3.8	4.4	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	695	390	305	2.7	3.1	2.4
$100,000 and over	1,970	1,380	590	7.8	10.9	4.6
$100,000 to $124,999	955	585	375	3.8	4.6	2.9
$125,000 and over	1,020	795	220	4.0	6.3	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	40,680	19,245	21,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,415	18,585	20,830	96.9	96.6	97.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,400	31,800	36,000	42,400	31,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,465	18,590	20,875	97.0	96.6	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	38,000	29,200	32,800	38,000	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	35,715	16,995	18,720	87.8	88.3	87.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	38,400	26,200	31,400	38,400	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,320	13,420	13,895	67.2	69.7	64.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	37,200	27,000	31,000	37,200	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,335	12,765	16,570	72.1	66.3	77.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,200	12,200	10,700	11,200	12,200	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,215	1,600	1,615	7.9	8.3	7.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	5,360	5,160	5,280	5,360	5,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	40,655	19,200	21,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,360	18,525	20,835	96.8	96.5	97.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,400	56,100	39,640	47,400	56,100	39,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,430	18,530	20,895	97.0	96.5	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,040	46,360	34,440	40,040	46,360	34,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,685	16,980	18,710	87.8	88.4	87.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,480	53,050	34,800	43,480	53,050	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,310	13,400	13,915	67.2	69.8	64.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,720	50,000	33,720	41,720	50,000	33,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,315	12,805	16,505	72.1	66.7	77.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,700	10,840	10,590	10,700	10,840	10,590
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,330	1,730	1,605	8.2	9.0	7.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,720	6,110	7,370	6,720	6,110	7,370
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	40,650	19,205	21,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,170	5,380	4,790	25.0	28.0	22.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	61,600	49,200	54,800	61,600	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,600	76,500	53,450	65,600	76,500	53,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,645	4,875	5,775	26.2	25.4	26.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	27,800	22,000	24,200	27,800	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,160	40,440	28,880	34,160	40,440	28,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.2	86.6	78.8	83.2	86.6	78.8
Employment income (%)	61.1	64.4	56.8	61.1	64.4	56.8
Government transfers (%)	16.8	13.4	21.2	16.8	13.4	21.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	21,920	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,550	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	14,370	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	21,910	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,300	...	...	90,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,200	...	...	77,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,550	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,080	...	...	47,080	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,280	...	...	41,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	14,365	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	21,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	145	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	120	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	180	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	560	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,240	...	...	5.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	955	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	910	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,070	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,090	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	995	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,920	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,645	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,550	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,440	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,225	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,880	...	...	31.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,395	...	...	10.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,560	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,570	...	...	7.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,355	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	21,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	185	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	120	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	190	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	570	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,310	...	...	6.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,085	...	...	4.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,030	...	...	4.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,280	...	...	5.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,160	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,195	...	...	5.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,025	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,905	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,720	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,510	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,285	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,345	...	...	24.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,250	...	...	10.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,240	...	...	5.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,860	...	...	8.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	13,605	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,075	4,390	5,685	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	36,800	35,200	36,000	36,800	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	34,000	32,800	33,200	34,000	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	13,640	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,400	...	...	112,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,300	...	...	95,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,600	...	...	101,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,400	...	...	86,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,855	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,200	...	...	151,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,900	...	...	124,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,955	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,900	...	...	66,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,030	4,365	5,670	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,360	47,120	42,240	44,360	47,120	42,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,080	40,920	37,680	39,080	40,920	37,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	46,165	22,065	24,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	6,650	3,415	3,235	14.4	15.5	13.4
0 to 5 years	1,965	975	990	4.3	4.4	4.1
18 to 64 years	25,855	12,375	13,480	56.0	56.1	55.9
65 years and over	13,655	6,275	7,385	29.6	28.4	30.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,300	2,335	2,965	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	725	375	355	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	195	105	90	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,480	1,160	1,320	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,090	800	1,290	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.5	10.6	12.3	11.5	10.6	12.3
0 to 17 years (%)	10.9	11.0	10.9	10.9	11.0	10.9
0 to 5 years (%)	10.1	10.8	9.4	10.1	10.8	9.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.4	9.8	9.6	9.4	9.8
65 years and over (%)	15.3	12.7	17.5	15.3	12.7	17.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	44,085	21,055	23,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	6,385	3,275	3,100	14.5	15.6	13.5
0 to 5 years	1,895	955	945	4.3	4.5	4.1
18 to 64 years	24,905	11,925	12,985	56.5	56.6	56.4
65 years and over	12,795	5,860	6,940	29.0	27.8	30.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,475	730	750	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	210	110	100	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	40	25	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,040	515	530	...	...	...
65 years and over	220	100	125	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.3
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.8	1.6	2.2	2.8	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	4.3	4.1	4.2	4.3	4.1
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	46,165	22,065	24,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	25,055	11,495	13,550	54.3	52.1	56.2
In bottom decile	4,915	2,255	2,660	10.6	10.2	11.0
In second decile	5,360	2,370	2,985	11.6	10.7	12.4
In third decile	5,000	2,255	2,745	10.8	10.2	11.4
In fourth decile	4,860	2,270	2,595	10.5	10.3	10.8
In fifth decile	4,920	2,350	2,565	10.7	10.7	10.6
In top half of the distribution	21,115	10,570	10,545	45.7	47.9	43.8
In sixth decile	4,750	2,340	2,410	10.3	10.6	10.0
In seventh decile	4,495	2,215	2,280	9.7	10.0	9.5
In eighth decile	4,320	2,185	2,130	9.4	9.9	8.8
In ninth decile	3,895	1,960	1,935	8.4	8.9	8.0
In top decile	3,655	1,865	1,790	7.9	8.5	7.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	46,160	...	...	46,160	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.324	...	...	0.324	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.464	...	...	0.464	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.286	...	...	0.286	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	46,570	22,265	24,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	43,280	20,805	22,475	92.9	93.4	92.5
French only	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	3,040	1,345	1,690	6.5	6.0	7.0
Neither English nor French	220	100	120	0.5	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	46,570	22,265	24,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	45,570	21,795	23,770	97.9	97.9	97.8
French	715	340	375	1.5	1.5	1.5
English and French	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	210	95	115	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	46,570	22,265	24,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	45,800	21,915	23,890	98.3	98.4	98.3
Official languages	41,150	19,835	21,315	88.4	89.1	87.7
English	40,375	19,470	20,905	86.7	87.4	86.0
French	775	365	415	1.7	1.6	1.7
Non-official languages	4,650	2,080	2,570	10.0	9.3	10.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,565	2,045	2,525	9.8	9.2	10.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	325	105	220	0.7	0.5	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	280	95	185	0.6	0.4	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,495	1,620	1,875	7.5	7.3	7.7
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	505	200	305	1.1	0.9	1.3
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	495	200	295	1.1	0.9	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	105	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	105	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	70	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	85	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,310	595	715	2.8	2.7	2.9
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	860	385	470	1.8	1.7	1.9
German	815	360	455	1.8	1.6	1.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	370	175	190	0.8	0.8	0.8
Afrikaans	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	245	115	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	910	455	455	2.0	2.0	1.9
Indo-Aryan languages	875	435	440	1.9	2.0	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	765	380	385	1.6	1.7	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	675	315	355	1.4	1.4	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	155	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	240	125	120	0.5	0.6	0.5
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	250	105	145	0.5	0.5	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	225	95	130	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	220	95	125	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	115	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	5	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	5	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	155	65	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	125	55	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	770	355	415	1.7	1.6	1.7
English and French	200	90	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	500	235	265	1.1	1.1	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	46,570	22,265	24,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	42,290	20,330	21,960	90.8	91.3	90.4
French	145	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	875	425	450	1.9	1.9	1.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	880	430	450	1.9	1.9	1.9
English and French	435	190	245	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	2,670	1,170	1,500	5.7	5.3	6.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	46,570	22,265	24,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	46,095	22,045	24,045	99.0	99.0	98.9
Official languages	44,360	21,220	23,145	95.3	95.3	95.2
English	44,160	21,115	23,050	94.8	94.8	94.8
French	200	100	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	1,735	830	900	3.7	3.7	3.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,730	830	900	3.7	3.7	3.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	145	65	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	135	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,235	605	630	2.7	2.7	2.6
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	180	85	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	100	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	705	355	350	1.5	1.6	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	680	345	340	1.5	1.5	1.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	630	315	310	1.4	1.4	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	195	90	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	55	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	125	55	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	475	215	255	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	390	175	215	0.8	0.8	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	46,570	22,265	24,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	43,730	21,025	22,705	93.9	94.4	93.4
English	810	380	425	1.7	1.7	1.7
French	330	135	195	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official language	1,455	620	830	3.1	2.8	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,410	600	805	3.0	2.7	3.3
English and French	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	135	45	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	46,160	22,065	24,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	45,905	21,950	23,950	99.4	99.5	99.4
English	45,890	21,945	23,950	99.4	99.5	99.4
French	3,050	1,385	1,670	6.6	6.3	6.9
Non-official languages	6,485	2,930	3,560	14.0	13.3	14.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	245	105	140	0.5	0.5	0.6
Algonquian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	220	90	130	0.5	0.4	0.5
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	215	90	125	0.5	0.4	0.5
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,250	2,830	3,425	13.5	12.8	14.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	430	150	285	0.9	0.7	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	380	120	265	0.8	0.5	1.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,830	2,250	2,580	10.5	10.2	10.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	570	225	345	1.2	1.0	1.4
Baltic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	560	220	335	1.2	1.0	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	105	40	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	115	35	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	145	50	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
Rusyn	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	75	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,755	840	915	3.8	3.8	3.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,220	590	625	2.6	2.7	2.6
German	1,210	585	625	2.6	2.7	2.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	55	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	495	240	255	1.1	1.1	1.1
Afrikaans	185	110	80	0.4	0.5	0.3
Dutch	270	115	155	0.6	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	100	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
Danish	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	1,075	505	570	2.3	2.3	2.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,015	470	540	2.2	2.1	2.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	260	135	125	0.6	0.6	0.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	895	410	485	1.9	1.9	2.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dari	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,515	710	810	3.3	3.2	3.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	290	115	175	0.6	0.5	0.7
Portuguese	350	185	160	0.8	0.8	0.7
Romanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	940	445	490	2.0	2.0	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	50	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	140	65	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	115	40	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	100	40	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	295	130	165	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	290	130	155	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	170	80	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	150	70	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	190	85	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	150	60	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	46,160	22,070	24,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,585	1,635	1,950	7.8	7.4	8.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,485	1,595	1,890	7.5	7.2	7.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,890	870	1,025	4.1	3.9	4.3
Métis	1,570	715	850	3.4	3.2	3.5
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	40	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	42,570	20,425	22,145	92.2	92.5	91.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	46,160	22,070	24,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,380	625	760	3.0	2.8	3.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	44,775	21,440	23,335	97.0	97.1	96.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	21,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	15,050	...	...	68.7	...	...
Renter	6,825	...	...	31.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	35	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	21,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,295	...	...	19.6	...	...
Not condominium	17,615	...	...	80.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	21,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	210	...	...	1.0	...	...
1 bedroom	2,855	...	...	13.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,770	...	...	35.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,080	...	...	27.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,005	...	...	22.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	21,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,710	...	...	30.6	...	...
5 rooms	3,755	...	...	17.1	...	...
6 rooms	3,190	...	...	14.6	...	...
7 rooms	2,530	...	...	11.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,730	...	...	26.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	21,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	21,735	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	180	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	21,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	21,355	...	...	97.5	...	...
Not suitable	560	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	21,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,065	...	...	14.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,480	...	...	29.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,365	...	...	15.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,815	...	...	17.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,110	...	...	5.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,230	...	...	5.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	935	...	...	4.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,910	...	...	8.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	21,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	20,635	...	...	94.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,280	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	21,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	11,345	...	...	51.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	9,615	...	...	43.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	955	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	21,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	385	...	...	1.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,095	...	...	9.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,740	...	...	12.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,020	...	...	13.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,810	...	...	22.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,540	...	...	20.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,085	...	...	14.1	...	...
85 years and over	1,240	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	20,840	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	15,780	...	...	75.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,060	...	...	24.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,610	...	...	22.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	21,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,405	...	...	29.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,600	...	...	21.0	...	...
Not suitable only	415	...	...	1.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	900	...	...	4.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	105	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	340	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	15,510	...	...	70.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	20,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,380	...	...	11.7	...	...
Not in core need	18,005	...	...	88.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,105	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.2	...	...	52.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.8	...	...	14.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,255	...	...	1,255	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	552,000	...	...	552,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	619,500	...	...	619,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,760	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.8	...	...	12.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	44.0	...	...	44.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.5	...	...	24.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,190	...	...	1,190	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	...	...	1,320	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	35	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	28.6	...	...	28.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	576	...	...	576	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	680	...	...	680	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	46,155	22,065	24,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,240	605	640	2.7	2.7	2.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,215	590	625	2.6	2.7	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	925	410	510	2.0	1.9	2.1
Métis single ancestry	280	165	115	0.6	0.7	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,875	1,310	1,560	6.2	5.9	6.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,825	1,275	1,545	6.1	5.8	6.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,795	835	960	3.9	3.8	4.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,025	440	585	2.2	2.0	2.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	42,040	20,150	21,895	91.1	91.3	90.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	46,155	22,065	24,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	44,485	21,290	23,190	96.4	96.5	96.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,520	3,410	3,110	14.1	15.5	12.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	37,955	17,880	20,080	82.2	81.0	83.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,675	775	900	3.6	3.5	3.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	46,155	22,065	24,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	39,620	19,120	20,505	85.8	86.7	85.1
Immigrants⁸¹	6,135	2,770	3,355	13.3	12.6	13.9
Before 1980	2,950	1,275	1,675	6.4	5.8	7.0
1980 to 1990	750	345	400	1.6	1.6	1.7
1991 to 2000	710	300	410	1.5	1.4	1.7
2001 to 2010	695	330	370	1.5	1.5	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,030	525	505	2.2	2.4	2.1
2011 to 2015	475	270	205	1.0	1.2	0.9
2016 to 2021	555	250	300	1.2	1.1	1.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	405	175	230	0.9	0.8	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,135	2,775	3,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	690	350	345	11.2	12.6	10.3
5 to 14 years	1,030	470	560	16.8	16.9	16.7
15 to 24 years	1,435	660	775	23.4	23.8	23.1
25 to 44 years	2,450	1,055	1,395	39.9	38.0	41.5
45 years and over	525	240	285	8.6	8.6	8.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,135	2,775	3,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	805	375	430	13.1	13.5	12.8
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	10	10	0.2	0.4	0.3
El Salvador	15	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	20	10	0.5	0.7	0.3
Mexico	60	30	30	1.0	1.1	0.9
Peru	15	15	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
United States of America	560	255	305	9.1	9.2	9.1
Other places of birth in Americas	90	40	55	1.5	1.4	1.6
Europe	3,320	1,510	1,810	54.1	54.4	53.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Croatia	35	15	15	0.6	0.5	0.4
France	60	25	30	1.0	0.9	0.9
Germany	545	285	265	8.9	10.3	7.9
Greece	35	25	15	0.6	0.9	0.4
Hungary	100	45	60	1.6	1.6	1.8
Italy	85	30	55	1.4	1.1	1.6
Netherlands	225	95	135	3.7	3.4	4.0
Poland	90	30	60	1.5	1.1	1.8
Portugal	230	110	115	3.7	4.0	3.4
Romania	20	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Russian Federation	45	20	20	0.7	0.7	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	40	20	20	0.7	0.7	0.6
Ukraine	30	0	20	0.5	0.0	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,305	615	695	21.3	22.2	20.7
Other places of birth in Europe	475	175	300	7.7	6.3	8.9
Africa	320	160	165	5.2	5.8	4.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	40	15	20	0.7	0.5	0.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	200	110	90	3.3	4.0	2.7
Other places of birth in Africa	70	25	45	1.1	0.9	1.3
Asia	1,520	630	885	24.8	22.7	26.3
Afghanistan	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	40	15	20	0.7	0.5	0.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	95	25	70	1.5	0.9	2.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	25	20	0.7	0.9	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	110	55	60	1.8	2.0	1.8
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	390	130	260	6.4	4.7	7.7
Viet Nam	50	30	25	0.8	1.1	0.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	555	240	320	9.0	8.6	9.5
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	165	90	75	2.7	3.2	2.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	165	95	75	2.7	3.4	2.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	555	255	300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	65	35	30	11.7	13.7	10.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	55	30	20	9.9	11.8	6.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10	1.8	0.0	3.3
Europe	70	30	40	12.6	11.8	13.3
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	25	0	20	4.5	0.0	6.7
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	15	0	3.6	5.9	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	10	2.7	0.0	3.3
Africa	65	35	35	11.7	13.7	11.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	20	25	9.0	7.8	8.3
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	340	145	200	61.3	56.9	66.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	1.8	0.0	3.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	100	35	65	18.0	13.7	21.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	25	30	9.9	9.8	10.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	105	50	60	18.9	19.6	20.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	1.8	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	1.8	0.0	3.3
Oceania and other⁹³	20	15	10	3.6	5.9	3.3
Australia	20	15	10	3.6	5.9	3.3
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	46,160	22,065	24,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,030	3,180	3,845	15.2	14.4	16.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,635	4,090	4,550	18.7	18.5	18.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	30,495	14,800	15,695	66.1	67.1	65.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,180	1,495	1,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,550	765	790	48.7	51.2	46.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	740	475	265	23.3	31.8	15.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	805	290	520	25.3	19.4	30.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,380	620	765	43.4	41.5	45.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	230	110	125	7.2	7.4	7.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	0	15	0.6	0.0	0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,180	1,495	1,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50	30	20	1.6	2.0	1.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	670	325	345	21.1	21.7	20.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	110	55	50	3.5	3.7	3.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	205	115	90	6.4	7.7	5.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	55	10	50	1.7	0.7	3.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,095	965	1,130	65.9	64.5	66.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	46,160	22,070	24,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,605	1,555	2,050	7.8	7.0	8.5
South Asian	1,215	590	630	2.6	2.7	2.6
Chinese	440	180	265	1.0	0.8	1.1
Black	355	120	230	0.8	0.5	1.0
Filipino	540	175	365	1.2	0.8	1.5
Arab	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	210	105	105	0.5	0.5	0.4
Southeast Asian	170	90	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
West Asian	75	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	155	65	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Japanese	245	105	140	0.5	0.5	0.6
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	130	50	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	42,550	20,505	22,045	92.2	92.9	91.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	46,160	22,065	24,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	5,465	2,820	2,650	11.8	12.8	11.0
English	13,840	6,530	7,315	30.0	29.6	30.4
Irish	8,410	3,840	4,560	18.2	17.4	18.9
Scottish	10,240	4,900	5,340	22.2	22.2	22.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,375	2,095	2,280	9.5	9.5	9.5
German	7,870	3,625	4,250	17.0	16.4	17.6
Chinese	515	235	280	1.1	1.1	1.2
Italian	1,660	890	770	3.6	4.0	3.2
Indian (India)	760	350	410	1.6	1.6	1.7
Ukrainian	3,110	1,420	1,685	6.7	6.4	7.0
Dutch	2,240	1,060	1,185	4.9	4.8	4.9
Polish	1,775	795	980	3.8	3.6	4.1
Québécois	90	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,270	1,040	1,230	4.9	4.7	5.1
Filipino	545	195	345	1.2	0.9	1.4
French Canadian	615	285	330	1.3	1.3	1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	785	395	385	1.7	1.8	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,200	610	590	2.6	2.8	2.4
Métis	1,380	655	730	3.0	3.0	3.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	940	460	485	2.0	2.1	2.0
Russian	1,625	770	855	3.5	3.5	3.5
Norwegian	1,990	890	1,100	4.3	4.0	4.6
Welsh	1,265	605	665	2.7	2.7	2.8
Portuguese	680	365	315	1.5	1.7	1.3
American	845	390	455	1.8	1.8	1.9
Spanish	355	180	180	0.8	0.8	0.7
Swedish	1,490	635	855	3.2	2.9	3.5
Hungarian	760	305	455	1.6	1.4	1.9
Acadian	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	135	75	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	250	120	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
Vietnamese	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	200	120	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jamaican	135	45	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	115	40	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	335	120	220	0.7	0.5	0.9
Korean	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	325	155	170	0.7	0.7	0.7
Lebanese	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	105	60	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Danish	735	335	400	1.6	1.5	1.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	360	190	170	0.8	0.9	0.7
Sikh	180	80	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austrian	645	280	370	1.4	1.3	1.5
Belgian	275	160	115	0.6	0.7	0.5
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	150	85	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mennonite	310	160	150	0.7	0.7	0.6
Swiss	295	140	155	0.6	0.6	0.6
Finnish	330	160	170	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	170	70	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Japanese	275	115	160	0.6	0.5	0.7
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	400	185	210	0.9	0.8	0.9
Muslim	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	420	195	225	0.9	0.9	0.9
Colombian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	315	135	175	0.7	0.6	0.7
Syrian	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	115	35	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ojibway	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovak	160	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	75	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	230	115	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
Australian	170	95	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	45	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	105	40	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	90	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
African American	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	70	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	245	110	135	0.5	0.5	0.6
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malaysian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	105	70	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Buddhist	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	46,160	22,065	24,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	160	65	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
Christian	18,695	8,115	10,580	40.5	36.8	43.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,565	1,640	1,930	7.7	7.4	8.0
Anabaptist	115	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	2,010	835	1,180	4.4	3.8	4.9
Baptist	640	245	395	1.4	1.1	1.6
Catholic	5,825	2,530	3,295	12.6	11.5	13.7
Christian Orthodox	210	105	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	485	205	275	1.1	0.9	1.1
Latter Day Saints	200	75	125	0.4	0.3	0.5
Lutheran	910	400	505	2.0	1.8	2.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	135	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	640	290	350	1.4	1.3	1.5
Presbyterian	415	155	260	0.9	0.7	1.1
Reformed	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	2,390	970	1,425	5.2	4.4	5.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,115	530	590	2.4	2.4	2.4
Hindu	175	85	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	125	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sikh	780	360	415	1.7	1.6	1.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	225	100	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	320	120	200	0.7	0.5	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	25,600	13,105	12,495	55.5	59.4	51.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	45,895	21,950	23,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	38,875	18,640	20,235	84.7	84.9	84.5
Movers	7,020	3,315	3,705	15.3	15.1	15.5
Non-migrants	3,395	1,595	1,805	7.4	7.3	7.5
Migrants	3,620	1,720	1,905	7.9	7.8	8.0
Internal migrants	3,530	1,690	1,835	7.7	7.7	7.7
Intraprovincial migrants	2,725	1,300	1,425	5.9	5.9	6.0
Interprovincial migrants	805	390	410	1.8	1.8	1.7
External migrants	95	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	44,555	21,300	23,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	23,325	11,100	12,225	52.4	52.1	52.6
Movers	21,230	10,200	11,035	47.6	47.9	47.5
Non-migrants	7,485	3,625	3,860	16.8	17.0	16.6
Migrants	13,750	6,575	7,175	30.9	30.9	30.9
Internal migrants	12,895	6,230	6,670	28.9	29.2	28.7
Intraprovincial migrants	9,875	4,745	5,130	22.2	22.3	22.1
Interprovincial migrants	3,020	1,480	1,535	6.8	6.9	6.6
External migrants	850	345	510	1.9	1.6	2.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,650	19,205	21,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,460	4,015	3,440	18.4	20.9	16.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	33,195	15,185	18,005	81.7	79.1	84.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,135	10,935	12,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,940	1,760	1,180	12.7	16.1	9.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	20,200	9,175	11,020	87.3	83.9	90.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,655	19,200	21,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,160	3,210	2,950	15.2	16.7	13.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,335	6,075	7,260	32.8	31.6	33.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,155	9,920	11,235	52.0	51.7	52.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,105	6,700	7,405	34.7	34.9	34.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,050	3,080	970	10.0	16.0	4.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,575	955	620	3.9	5.0	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,470	2,130	350	6.1	11.1	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,750	3,125	5,625	21.5	16.3	26.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,305	495	810	3.2	2.6	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,050	3,220	3,830	17.3	16.8	17.9
Bachelor's degree	4,570	2,020	2,550	11.2	10.5	11.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	525	205	315	1.3	1.1	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	280	180	105	0.7	0.9	0.5
Master's degree	1,365	610	750	3.4	3.2	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	310	200	110	0.8	1.0	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,140	10,935	12,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,330	1,390	940	10.1	12.7	7.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,000	3,425	3,570	30.3	31.3	29.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,810	6,115	7,690	59.7	55.9	63.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,960	4,085	4,870	38.7	37.4	39.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,325	1,775	555	10.0	16.2	4.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	865	510	360	3.7	4.7	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,460	1,260	195	6.3	11.5	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,795	2,000	3,795	25.0	18.3	31.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	845	320	525	3.7	2.9	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,845	2,025	2,815	20.9	18.5	23.1
Bachelor's degree	3,230	1,330	1,900	14.0	12.2	15.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	355	130	225	1.5	1.2	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	200	115	90	0.9	1.1	0.7
Master's degree	895	360	535	3.9	3.3	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	170	100	70	0.7	0.9	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	40,650	19,205	21,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,500	9,280	10,210	48.0	48.3	47.6
Education	1,650	520	1,130	4.1	2.7	5.3
13. Education	1,650	520	1,130	4.1	2.7	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	690	310	380	1.7	1.6	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	95	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	580	215	365	1.4	1.1	1.7
Humanities	930	395	530	2.3	2.1	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	255	90	170	0.6	0.5	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	300	95	200	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	85	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	110	75	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,850	590	1,265	4.6	3.1	5.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	215	70	140	0.5	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	360	0	355	0.9	0.0	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	260	75	185	0.6	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	355	85	270	0.9	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	625	335	285	1.5	1.7	1.3
Business, management and public administration	3,975	1,430	2,545	9.8	7.4	11.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	370	60	315	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,585	1,360	2,225	8.8	7.1	10.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	735	430	305	1.8	2.2	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	285	160	125	0.7	0.8	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	185	85	95	0.5	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	220	170	45	0.5	0.9	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	435	260	175	1.1	1.4	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	335	220	115	0.8	1.1	0.5
25. Library science	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,255	3,960	290	10.5	20.6	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	90	60	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	450	380	65	1.1	2.0	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	810	705	110	2.0	3.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,270	1,240	25	3.1	6.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,050	1,015	35	2.6	5.3	0.2
48. Precision production	570	560	15	1.4	2.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	740	460	275	1.8	2.4	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	460	260	200	1.1	1.4	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	280	205	80	0.7	1.1	0.4
Health and related fields	4,305	755	3,555	10.6	3.9	16.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	195	100	90	0.5	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,005	580	3,425	9.9	3.0	16.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	110	75	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,585	815	765	3.9	4.2	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	995	310	685	2.4	1.6	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	225	175	50	0.6	0.9	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	345	315	30	0.8	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	23,135	10,940	12,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,330	4,820	4,510	40.3	44.1	37.0
Education	820	215	605	3.5	2.0	5.0
13. Education	820	215	605	3.5	2.0	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	500	195	305	2.2	1.8	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	45	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	445	145	295	1.9	1.3	2.4
Humanities	595	235	360	2.6	2.1	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	165	50	115	0.7	0.5	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	180	60	120	0.8	0.5	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	90	60	35	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,355	395	960	5.9	3.6	7.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	55	105	0.7	0.5	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	260	0	260	1.1	0.0	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	215	55	165	0.9	0.5	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	235	55	180	1.0	0.5	1.5
45. Social sciences	455	210	240	2.0	1.9	2.0
Business, management and public administration	2,660	910	1,750	11.5	8.3	14.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	245	20	230	1.1	0.2	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,405	875	1,525	10.4	8.0	12.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	480	245	240	2.1	2.2	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	220	115	110	1.0	1.1	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140	55	80	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	105	70	30	0.5	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	330	215	115	1.4	2.0	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	275	195	80	1.2	1.8	0.7
25. Library science	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,605	2,385	220	11.3	21.8	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	60	35	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	275	220	60	1.2	2.0	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	530	445	85	2.3	4.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
46. Construction trades	795	765	25	3.4	7.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	620	610	10	2.7	5.6	0.1
48. Precision production	315	305	10	1.4	2.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	535	295	230	2.3	2.7	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	340	170	170	1.5	1.6	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	190	125	65	0.8	1.1	0.5
Health and related fields	2,955	550	2,410	12.8	5.0	19.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	135	75	60	0.6	0.7	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,740	415	2,320	11.8	3.8	19.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	55	30	0.3	0.5	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	980	495	490	4.2	4.5	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	635	205	430	2.7	1.9	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	140	110	30	0.6	1.0	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	205	175	30	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	23,135	10,940	12,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,330	4,820	4,510	40.3	44.1	37.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	13,810	6,120	7,690	59.7	55.9	63.0
Location of study inside Canada	12,140	5,355	6,785	52.5	48.9	55.6
Same as province or territory of residence	8,850	3,805	5,045	38.3	34.8	41.4
Different than province or territory of residence	3,285	1,550	1,740	14.2	14.2	14.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,670	765	905	7.2	7.0	7.4
Americas	505	220	290	2.2	2.0	2.4
United States of America	425	190	235	1.8	1.7	1.9
Mexico	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	420	205	215	1.8	1.9	1.8
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germany	90	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	185	90	95	0.8	0.8	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	55	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Africa	125	70	50	0.5	0.6	0.4
Nigeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	95	55	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	475	190	280	2.1	1.7	2.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japan	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	55	35	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Philippines	165	60	110	0.7	0.5	0.9
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	160	80	80	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	145	75	70	0.6	0.7	0.6
Australia	95	55	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
New Zealand	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	40,655	19,200	21,445	...	...	...
In the labour force	22,225	11,170	11,055	...	...	...
Employed	20,410	10,215	10,200	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,815	955	860	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	18,425	8,035	10,390	...	...	...
Participation rate	54.7	58.2	51.6	54.7	58.2	51.6
Employment rate	50.2	53.2	47.6	50.2	53.2	47.6
Unemployment rate	8.2	8.5	7.8	8.2	8.5	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	40,650	19,205	21,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	18,175	8,025	10,145	44.7	41.8	47.3
Worked	22,480	11,180	11,300	55.3	58.2	52.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	10,680	5,710	4,970	26.3	29.7	23.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	11,800	5,475	6,325	29.0	28.5	29.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.3	40.5	40.0	40.3	40.5	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	22,225	11,170	11,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	380	200	180	1.7	1.8	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	21,850	10,965	10,880	98.3	98.2	98.4
Employee	17,735	8,610	9,125	79.8	77.1	82.5
Permanent position	14,790	7,245	7,545	66.5	64.9	68.2
Temporary position	2,940	1,365	1,575	13.2	12.2	14.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	710	350	360	3.2	3.1	3.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,230	1,015	1,215	10.0	9.1	11.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,115	2,360	1,755	18.5	21.1	15.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	22,225	11,170	11,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	380	200	180	1.7	1.8	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	21,850	10,965	10,880	98.3	98.2	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	210	160	50	0.9	1.4	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,465	810	2,650	15.6	7.3	24.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	980	745	235	4.4	6.7	2.1
3 Health occupations	2,305	460	1,850	10.4	4.1	16.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,020	675	1,350	9.1	6.0	12.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	620	255	365	2.8	2.3	3.3
6 Sales and service occupations	6,535	2,780	3,750	29.4	24.9	33.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,240	3,925	310	19.1	35.1	2.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	715	540	170	3.2	4.8	1.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	755	620	140	3.4	5.6	1.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	22,225	11,170	11,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	380	200	180	1.7	1.8	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	21,850	10,965	10,880	98.3	98.2	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	515	330	185	2.3	3.0	1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	290	250	45	1.3	2.2	0.4
22 Utilities	120	100	20	0.5	0.9	0.2
23 Construction	2,355	2,070	285	10.6	18.5	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	1,475	1,080	390	6.6	9.7	3.5
41 Wholesale trade	420	300	120	1.9	2.7	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	3,130	1,480	1,650	14.1	13.2	14.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	645	480	170	2.9	4.3	1.5
51 Information and cultural industries	300	185	115	1.3	1.7	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	600	215	390	2.7	1.9	3.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	420	200	230	1.9	1.8	2.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,280	610	675	5.8	5.5	6.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	935	560	380	4.2	5.0	3.4
61 Educational services	1,065	315	750	4.8	2.8	6.8
62 Health care and social assistance	3,655	665	2,995	16.4	6.0	27.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	535	225	310	2.4	2.0	2.8
72 Accommodation and food services	1,900	840	1,065	8.5	7.5	9.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	850	390	460	3.8	3.5	4.2
91 Public administration	1,315	665	655	5.9	6.0	5.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	24,410	12,110	12,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	23,780	11,810	11,965	97.4	97.5	97.3
French	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	225	100	130	0.9	0.8	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	325	155	170	1.3	1.3	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	24,410	12,110	12,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	24,300	12,060	12,240	99.5	99.6	99.5
Official languages	24,235	12,025	12,210	99.3	99.3	99.3
English	24,195	12,000	12,195	99.1	99.1	99.1
French	40	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Non-official languages	65	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	110	50	65	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and French	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	60	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	24,410	12,110	12,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	23,925	11,885	12,045	98.0	98.1	97.9
English	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
French	165	65	100	0.7	0.5	0.8
Non-official language	225	115	105	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	210	115	95	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	20,410	10,215	10,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,055	1,315	1,740	15.0	12.9	17.1
Worked outside Canada	40	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	3,160	2,395	765	15.5	23.4	7.5
Usual place of work	14,150	6,470	7,680	69.3	63.3	75.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	14,150	6,470	7,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,600	4,150	5,450	67.8	64.1	71.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,300	1,620	1,685	23.3	25.0	21.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,005	545	460	7.1	8.4	6.0
Commute to a different province or territory	250	165	90	1.8	2.6	1.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	17,315	8,865	8,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	14,365	7,485	6,875	83.0	84.4	81.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	13,150	6,935	6,210	75.9	78.2	73.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,210	545	670	7.0	6.1	7.9
Public transit	275	120	155	1.6	1.4	1.8
Walked	1,770	725	1,045	10.2	8.2	12.4
Bicycle	330	215	115	1.9	2.4	1.4
Other method	575	325	255	3.3	3.7	3.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	17,315	8,865	8,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,910	4,720	5,195	57.2	53.2	61.5
15 to 29 minutes	4,620	2,335	2,280	26.7	26.3	27.0
30 to 44 minutes	1,500	920	585	8.7	10.4	6.9
45 to 59 minutes	585	385	200	3.4	4.3	2.4
60 minutes and over	695	500	190	4.0	5.6	2.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	17,315	8,865	8,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,005	745	260	5.8	8.4	3.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,925	1,840	1,090	16.9	20.8	12.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,340	2,390	1,945	25.1	27.0	23.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,120	1,585	2,535	23.8	17.9	30.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,525	1,015	1,510	14.6	11.4	17.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,390	1,290	1,100	13.8	14.6	13.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	6,805	3,495	3,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	565	285	280	8.3	8.2	8.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,240	3,210	3,030	91.7	91.8	91.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,090	2,635	2,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	450	230	220	8.8	8.7	9.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	295	140	155	5.8	5.3	6.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	150	85	65	2.9	3.2	2.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,640	2,410	2,230	91.2	91.5	91.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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