Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	CornwallMore information: Ontario [Census agglomeration]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	61,415	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	59,699	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	27,797	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	26,798	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	120.6	...	...	120.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	509.21	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	61,415	29,940	31,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	9,635	4,940	4,690	15.7	16.5	14.9
0 to 4 years	2,970	1,520	1,440	4.8	5.1	4.6
5 to 9 years	3,310	1,715	1,595	5.4	5.7	5.1
10 to 14 years	3,360	1,705	1,655	5.5	5.7	5.3
15 to 64 years	36,530	18,120	18,410	59.5	60.5	58.5
15 to 19 years	3,035	1,555	1,480	4.9	5.2	4.7
20 to 24 years	3,015	1,600	1,415	4.9	5.3	4.5
25 to 29 years	3,670	1,910	1,760	6.0	6.4	5.6
30 to 34 years	3,580	1,780	1,795	5.8	5.9	5.7
35 to 39 years	3,365	1,635	1,730	5.5	5.5	5.5
40 to 44 years	3,255	1,620	1,640	5.3	5.4	5.2
45 to 49 years	3,275	1,555	1,720	5.3	5.2	5.5
50 to 54 years	3,540	1,730	1,810	5.8	5.8	5.8
55 to 59 years	4,745	2,295	2,450	7.7	7.7	7.8
60 to 64 years	5,050	2,445	2,605	8.2	8.2	8.3
65 years and over	15,245	6,880	8,365	24.8	23.0	26.6
65 to 69 years	4,435	2,130	2,300	7.2	7.1	7.3
70 to 74 years	4,000	1,890	2,110	6.5	6.3	6.7
75 to 79 years	2,735	1,260	1,475	4.5	4.2	4.7
80 to 84 years	1,990	865	1,130	3.2	2.9	3.6
85 years and over	2,085	735	1,355	3.4	2.5	4.3
85 to 89 years	1,265	500	770	2.1	1.7	2.4
90 to 94 years	585	185	400	1.0	0.6	1.3
95 to 99 years	200	45	155	0.3	0.2	0.5
100 years and over	35	5	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.7	16.5	14.9	15.7	16.5	14.9
15 to 64 years	59.5	60.5	58.5	59.5	60.5	58.5
65 years and over	24.8	23.0	26.6	24.8	23.0	26.6
85 years and over	3.4	2.5	4.3	3.4	2.5	4.3
Average age of the population	44.9	43.6	46.2	44.9	43.6	46.2
Median age of the population	46.8	44.8	48.4	46.8	44.8	48.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	26,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	15,395	...	...	57.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,275	...	...	8.5	...	...
Row house	1,265	...	...	4.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,810	...	...	6.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,665	...	...	17.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,150	...	...	4.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	120	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	115	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	26,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,790	...	...	32.8	...	...
2 persons	10,060	...	...	37.5	...	...
3 persons	3,535	...	...	13.2	...	...
4 persons	2,720	...	...	10.1	...	...
5 or more persons	1,695	...	...	6.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	59,750	29,310	30,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	51,780	25,000	26,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	28,440	14,215	14,230	54.9	56.9	53.1
Married	22,020	11,010	11,005	42.5	44.0	41.1
Living common-law	6,420	3,200	3,220	12.4	12.8	12.0
Living common law - Never married	4,315	2,175	2,135	8.3	8.7	8.0
Living common law - Separated	445	210	235	0.9	0.8	0.9
Living common law - Divorced	1,425	720	705	2.8	2.9	2.6
Living common law - Widowed	235	90	150	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	23,340	10,785	12,550	45.1	43.1	46.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,415	7,380	6,040	25.9	29.5	22.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,910	855	1,055	3.7	3.4	3.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,790	1,565	2,225	7.3	6.3	8.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,225	990	3,235	8.2	4.0	12.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	10,220	...	...	58.9	...	...
3 persons	3,335	...	...	19.2	...	...
4 persons	2,525	...	...	14.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,280	...	...	7.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	13,865	...	...	79.9	...	...
Married couples	10,655	...	...	61.4	...	...
With children⁶	4,320	...	...	24.9	...	...
Without children	6,335	...	...	36.5	...	...
Common-law couples	3,210	...	...	18.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,425	...	...	8.2	...	...
Without children	1,785	...	...	10.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,495	...	...	20.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,675	...	...	15.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	820	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	59,750	29,310	30,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	47,455	23,395	24,060	79.4	79.8	79.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	27,730	13,830	13,895	46.4	47.2	45.6
Parents in one-parent families	3,495	820	2,675	5.8	2.8	8.8
Children⁶	16,230	8,745	7,490	27.2	29.8	24.6
In a two-parent family	10,720	5,705	5,020	17.9	19.5	16.5
In a one-parent family	5,505	3,035	2,465	9.2	10.4	8.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,295	5,915	6,385	20.6	20.2	21.0
Living alone	8,790	4,035	4,750	14.7	13.8	15.6
Living with other relatives⁷	1,325	560	765	2.2	1.9	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	2,185	1,315	865	3.7	4.5	2.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	26,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	15,600	...	...	58.2	...	...
Couple-family households	12,825	...	...	47.9	...	...
With children⁶	5,275	...	...	19.7	...	...
Without children	7,555	...	...	28.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,775	...	...	10.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	600	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	85	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	690	...	...	2.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,030	...	...	3.8	...	...
One-person households	8,790	...	...	32.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	50,120	24,370	25,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,510	23,510	25,000	96.8	96.5	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,800	33,600	36,800	40,800	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,530	23,520	25,005	96.8	96.5	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,200	31,400	34,000	37,200	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,290	20,135	20,155	80.4	82.6	78.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,000	36,800	25,400	31,000	36,800	25,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,125	16,365	14,760	62.1	67.2	57.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,600	29,000	33,200	37,600	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45,035	21,580	23,455	89.9	88.6	91.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600	10,700	13,600	12,600	10,700	13,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,780	2,380	2,405	9.5	9.8	9.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,840	5,480	5,520	5,840	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,120	5,840	6,285	24.2	24.0	24.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	50,115	24,365	25,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,515	23,505	25,010	96.8	96.5	97.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,640	47,680	39,840	43,640	47,680	39,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,525	23,515	25,010	96.8	96.5	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,240	41,160	35,480	38,240	41,160	35,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,405	20,295	20,115	80.6	83.3	78.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,360	33,360	38,400	43,360	33,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,125	16,375	14,750	62.1	67.2	57.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	42,600	35,480	39,200	42,600	35,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,970	21,515	23,450	89.7	88.3	91.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600	11,220	13,880	12,600	11,220	13,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,655	2,315	2,340	9.3	9.5	9.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,560	6,420	6,690	6,560	6,420	6,690
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,930	5,640	6,285	23.8	23.1	24.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,920	8,430	9,350	8,920	8,430	9,350
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	50,115	24,365	25,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	14,565	8,205	6,360	29.1	33.7	24.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	56,400	50,800	53,600	56,400	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,900	62,750	56,200	59,900	62,750	56,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	11,815	5,560	6,255	23.6	22.8	24.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	19,800	15,800	17,400	19,800	15,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,840	26,160	21,780	23,840	26,160	21,780
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.2	78.4	67.4	73.2	78.4	67.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.6	62.2	52.5	57.6	62.2	52.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.8	21.5	32.6	26.8	21.5	32.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.0	4.9	7.3	6.0	4.9	7.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.0	4.2	5.9	5.0	4.2	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	50,115	24,365	25,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,605	855	750	3.2	3.5	2.9
With total income	48,510	23,510	24,995	96.8	96.5	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,325	1,410	1,915	6.9	6.0	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	6,990	2,870	4,115	14.4	12.2	16.5
$20,000 to $29,999	8,845	3,890	4,955	18.2	16.5	19.8
$30,000 to $39,999	7,220	3,330	3,885	14.9	14.2	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	6,375	3,105	3,270	13.1	13.2	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	4,905	2,460	2,440	10.1	10.5	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	3,450	1,945	1,505	7.1	8.3	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,220	1,305	915	4.6	5.6	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,520	900	620	3.1	3.8	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,125	660	460	2.3	2.8	1.8
$100,000 and over	2,535	1,635	905	5.2	7.0	3.6
$100,000 to $149,999	1,985	1,240	750	4.1	5.3	3.0
$150,000 and over	545	390	150	1.1	1.7	0.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	50,115	24,365	25,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,590	850	740	3.2	3.5	2.9
With after-tax income	48,525	23,520	25,005	96.8	96.5	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,505	1,460	2,045	7.2	6.2	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	7,230	2,975	4,255	14.9	12.6	17.0
$20,000 to $29,999	9,950	4,425	5,520	20.5	18.8	22.1
$30,000 to $39,999	8,580	4,120	4,460	17.7	17.5	17.8
$40,000 to $49,999	7,125	3,580	3,545	14.7	15.2	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	4,765	2,575	2,185	9.8	10.9	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,825	1,595	1,225	5.8	6.8	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,680	1,000	685	3.5	4.3	2.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,250	690	565	2.6	2.9	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	615	385	225	1.3	1.6	0.9
$100,000 and over	1,015	715	300	2.1	3.0	1.2
$100,000 to $124,999	625	440	185	1.3	1.9	0.7
$125,000 and over	390	280	110	0.8	1.2	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	50,115	24,365	25,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	18,995	8,005	10,990	37.9	32.9	42.7
With employment income	31,125	16,365	14,760	62.1	67.2	57.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,845	2,500	2,340	15.6	15.3	15.9
$5,000 to $9,999	2,510	1,095	1,420	8.1	6.7	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	3,680	1,640	2,045	11.8	10.0	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	3,355	1,595	1,760	10.8	9.7	11.9
$30,000 to $39,999	3,525	1,765	1,760	11.3	10.8	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	3,515	1,855	1,655	11.3	11.3	11.2
$50,000 to $59,999	2,815	1,590	1,225	9.0	9.7	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	1,960	1,195	765	6.3	7.3	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,310	835	470	4.2	5.1	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	960	595	370	3.1	3.6	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	905	495	415	2.9	3.0	2.8
$100,000 and over	1,740	1,200	540	5.6	7.3	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,050	685	365	3.4	4.2	2.5
$125,000 and over	690	515	170	2.2	3.1	1.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	50,120	24,370	25,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,685	23,090	24,590	95.1	94.7	95.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,800	30,600	34,400	38,800	30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,700	23,090	24,605	95.2	94.7	95.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	35,200	28,600	31,600	35,200	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,875	19,885	19,995	79.6	81.6	77.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	37,600	27,000	32,000	37,600	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	31,300	16,410	14,885	62.5	67.3	57.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,000	30,000	33,600	38,000	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	43,305	20,685	22,625	86.4	84.9	87.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,400	5,360	9,900	8,400	5,360	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,080	1,985	2,100	8.1	8.1	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320	5,640	5,000	5,320	5,640	5,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	50,115	24,365	25,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,635	23,050	24,585	95.1	94.6	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,400	46,080	37,000	41,400	46,080	37,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,640	23,050	24,585	95.1	94.6	95.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,120	39,640	32,840	36,120	39,640	32,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,925	19,990	19,935	79.7	82.0	77.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,880	44,280	33,440	38,880	44,280	33,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	31,240	16,385	14,855	62.3	67.2	57.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,440	43,120	35,360	39,440	43,120	35,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	43,155	20,545	22,610	86.1	84.3	87.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,730	8,610	10,740	9,730	8,610	10,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,050	1,985	2,060	8.1	8.1	8.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,820	6,780	6,860	6,820	6,780	6,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	50,115	24,365	25,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	14,490	8,160	6,335	28.9	33.5	24.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	52,000	46,400	49,200	52,000	46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,950	59,000	52,050	55,950	59,000	52,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	11,020	5,185	5,840	22.0	21.3	22.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	26,800	21,200	23,600	26,800	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,560	33,640	25,960	29,560	33,640	25,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	78.8	83.4	73.2	78.8	83.4	73.2
Employment income (%)	62.5	66.6	57.8	62.5	66.6	57.8
Government transfers (%)	21.3	16.6	26.7	21.3	16.6	26.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	26,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,790	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	33,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,200	...	...	31,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	18,005	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	26,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,200	...	...	69,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,790	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,080	...	...	43,080	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,520	...	...	37,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	18,005	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,600	...	...	96,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,700	...	...	84,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	26,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	180	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	110	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	460	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	945	...	...	3.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,615	...	...	6.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,300	...	...	4.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,145	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,410	...	...	5.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,315	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,270	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,445	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,095	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,950	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,740	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,485	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,325	...	...	27.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,825	...	...	10.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,790	...	...	6.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,700	...	...	6.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,015	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	26,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	200	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	120	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	460	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	960	...	...	3.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,690	...	...	6.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,475	...	...	5.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,420	...	...	5.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,485	...	...	5.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,525	...	...	5.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,465	...	...	5.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,710	...	...	10.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,395	...	...	8.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,135	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,830	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,530	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,400	...	...	20.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,515	...	...	9.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,420	...	...	5.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,460	...	...	5.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,260	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,830	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...	54,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,975	5,355	5,620	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,400	31,000	32,800	34,400	31,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	32,000	29,600	30,600	32,000	29,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,245	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,400	...	...	96,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,500	...	...	84,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,645	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,800	...	...	85,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,835	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,800	...	...	126,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,700	...	...	109,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,265	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,600	...	...	67,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,650	...	...	61,650	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,975	5,220	5,750	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,480	42,760	40,320	41,480	42,760	40,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,360	36,920	35,840	36,360	36,920	35,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	59,750	29,310	30,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	11,490	5,880	5,610	19.2	20.1	18.4
0 to 5 years	3,635	1,860	1,775	6.1	6.3	5.8
18 to 64 years	34,385	17,000	17,385	57.5	58.0	57.1
65 years and over	13,880	6,430	7,450	23.2	21.9	24.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,375	4,285	5,090	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,200	1,135	1,065	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	790	405	380	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,815	2,275	2,535	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,360	870	1,490	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.7	14.6	16.7	15.7	14.6	16.7
0 to 17 years (%)	19.2	19.3	19.0	19.2	19.3	19.0
0 to 5 years (%)	21.7	21.9	21.5	21.7	21.9	21.5
18 to 64 years (%)	14.0	13.4	14.6	14.0	13.4	14.6
65 years and over (%)	17.0	13.6	20.0	17.0	13.6	20.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	59,750	29,310	30,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	11,485	5,880	5,605	19.2	20.1	18.4
0 to 5 years	3,635	1,860	1,775	6.1	6.3	5.8
18 to 64 years	34,385	16,995	17,385	57.5	58.0	57.1
65 years and over	13,880	6,430	7,445	23.2	21.9	24.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,925	1,530	1,390	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	515	270	245	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	200	105	90	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,205	1,175	1,025	...	...	...
65 years and over	210	90	125	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.9	5.2	4.6	4.9	5.2	4.6
0 to 17 years (%)	4.5	4.6	4.4	4.5	4.6	4.4
0 to 5 years (%)	5.4	5.8	5.1	5.4	5.8	5.1
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	6.9	5.9	6.4	6.9	5.9
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	59,750	29,310	30,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	37,215	17,895	19,325	62.3	61.1	63.5
In bottom decile	7,765	3,665	4,100	13.0	12.5	13.5
In second decile	8,830	4,065	4,770	14.8	13.9	15.7
In third decile	7,540	3,675	3,860	12.6	12.5	12.7
In fourth decile	6,680	3,300	3,380	11.2	11.3	11.1
In fifth decile	6,405	3,190	3,215	10.7	10.9	10.6
In top half of the distribution	22,530	11,415	11,120	37.7	38.9	36.5
In sixth decile	5,815	2,885	2,930	9.7	9.8	9.6
In seventh decile	5,340	2,680	2,665	8.9	9.1	8.8
In eighth decile	4,860	2,490	2,375	8.1	8.5	7.8
In ninth decile	3,985	2,060	1,925	6.7	7.0	6.3
In top decile	2,525	1,300	1,225	4.2	4.4	4.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	59,750	...	...	59,750	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.307	...	...	0.307	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.476	...	...	0.476	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.272	...	...	0.272	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	60,395	29,545	30,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	37,305	18,970	18,335	61.8	64.2	59.4
French only	425	175	245	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and French	22,440	10,310	12,135	37.2	34.9	39.3
Neither English nor French	225	90	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	60,395	29,545	30,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	48,700	24,150	24,550	80.6	81.7	79.6
French	10,940	5,035	5,910	18.1	17.0	19.2
English and French	550	285	265	0.9	1.0	0.9
Neither English nor French	205	80	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	60,395	29,545	30,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,805	28,325	29,480	95.7	95.9	95.6
Official languages	53,965	26,390	27,575	89.4	89.3	89.4
English	42,930	21,310	21,615	71.1	72.1	70.1
French	11,035	5,080	5,960	18.3	17.2	19.3
Non-official languages	3,835	1,930	1,900	6.3	6.5	6.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,765	1,900	1,870	6.2	6.4	6.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	245	140	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	240	135	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
Amharic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	220	130	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	160	50	110	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	135	45	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	480	250	230	0.8	0.8	0.7
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	405	195	210	0.7	0.7	0.7
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,440	1,255	1,190	4.0	4.2	3.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	195	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	195	85	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	370	185	190	0.6	0.6	0.6
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	205	100	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	185	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	150	75	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,305	700	605	2.2	2.4	2.0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,180	640	540	2.0	2.2	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	140	85	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hindi	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	230	135	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	655	330	330	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	465	225	240	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	155	90	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	55	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	230	105	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	110	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,590	1,225	1,365	4.3	4.1	4.4
English and French	1,935	885	1,050	3.2	3.0	3.4
English and non-official language(s)	480	255	230	0.8	0.9	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	60,395	29,545	30,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	48,100	23,820	24,280	79.6	80.6	78.7
French	3,205	1,420	1,780	5.3	4.8	5.8
Non-official language	1,055	540	515	1.7	1.8	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,050	540	510	1.7	1.8	1.7
English and French	5,225	2,355	2,865	8.7	8.0	9.3
English and non-official language(s)	2,235	1,135	1,105	3.7	3.8	3.6
French and non-official language(s)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	405	195	205	0.7	0.7	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	60,395	29,545	30,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	58,565	28,675	29,890	97.0	97.1	96.9
Official languages	56,530	27,625	28,905	93.6	93.5	93.7
English	52,220	25,720	26,500	86.5	87.1	85.9
French	4,305	1,905	2,400	7.1	6.4	7.8
Non-official languages	2,040	1,050	990	3.4	3.6	3.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,025	1,045	980	3.4	3.5	3.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	135	80	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	340	185	160	0.6	0.6	0.5
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	30	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	300	150	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,280	650	630	2.1	2.2	2.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	985	515	475	1.6	1.7	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	905	475	430	1.5	1.6	1.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	85	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	185	110	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	525	260	270	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	180	80	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	15	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,825	870	955	3.0	2.9	3.1
English and French	1,140	520	625	1.9	1.8	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	575	300	275	1.0	1.0	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	60,395	29,545	30,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	54,010	26,565	27,440	89.4	89.9	89.0
English	1,740	805	935	2.9	2.7	3.0
French	3,135	1,425	1,710	5.2	4.8	5.5
Non-official language	1,015	495	520	1.7	1.7	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	960	470	495	1.6	1.6	1.6
English and French	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	155	80	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	165	70	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	59,750	29,310	30,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	59,560	29,225	30,335	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	59,155	29,010	30,145	99.0	99.0	99.0
French	22,640	10,355	12,280	37.9	35.3	40.3
Non-official languages	5,830	2,970	2,865	9.8	10.1	9.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	185	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	150	70	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	150	70	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,655	2,885	2,775	9.5	9.8	9.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	340	205	140	0.6	0.7	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	320	190	130	0.5	0.6	0.4
Amharic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	305	185	120	0.5	0.6	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	260	90	170	0.4	0.3	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	230	75	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	780	400	380	1.3	1.4	1.2
Kannada	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	110	70	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	660	330	330	1.1	1.1	1.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,590	1,815	1,780	6.0	6.2	5.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	255	120	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	250	120	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	505	240	265	0.8	0.8	0.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	335	170	160	0.6	0.6	0.5
German	315	160	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	190	85	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	185	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	65	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,750	910	835	2.9	3.1	2.7
Indo-Aryan languages	1,565	820	745	2.6	2.8	2.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	160	95	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindi	330	170	160	0.6	0.6	0.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	510	280	220	0.9	1.0	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	975	500	475	1.6	1.7	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	210	100	110	0.4	0.3	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	155	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,030	510	520	1.7	1.7	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	205	120	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	735	340	395	1.2	1.2	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Korean	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	235	125	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	190	115	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
Chinese languages	150	95	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	60	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	100	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	90	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	75	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	59,750	29,305	30,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,075	1,445	1,630	5.1	4.9	5.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,920	1,375	1,545	4.9	4.7	5.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,120	995	1,120	3.5	3.4	3.7
Métis	705	340	365	1.2	1.2	1.2
Inuk (Inuit)	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	95	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	56,675	27,865	28,815	94.9	95.1	94.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	59,750	29,305	30,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,310	615	690	2.2	2.1	2.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	58,440	28,695	29,750	97.8	97.9	97.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	26,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	16,235	...	...	60.6	...	...
Renter	10,565	...	...	39.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	26,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	800	...	...	3.0	...	...
Not condominium	25,995	...	...	97.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	26,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	105	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	3,335	...	...	12.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,790	...	...	29.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,515	...	...	39.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,055	...	...	18.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	26,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,110	...	...	26.5	...	...
5 rooms	4,740	...	...	17.7	...	...
6 rooms	4,500	...	...	16.8	...	...
7 rooms	3,690	...	...	13.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,755	...	...	25.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	26,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	26,490	...	...	98.8	...	...
More than one person per room	305	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	26,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	25,760	...	...	96.1	...	...
Not suitable	1,040	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	26,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	9,415	...	...	35.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,265	...	...	30.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,495	...	...	13.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,245	...	...	8.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	845	...	...	3.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	720	...	...	2.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	820	...	...	3.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,000	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	26,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	24,610	...	...	91.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,190	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	26,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	14,725	...	...	54.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	11,305	...	...	42.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	765	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	26,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	695	...	...	2.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,500	...	...	13.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,635	...	...	13.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,990	...	...	14.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,780	...	...	21.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,280	...	...	19.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,955	...	...	11.0	...	...
85 years and over	970	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	26,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	21,335	...	...	80.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,275	...	...	19.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,960	...	...	18.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	26,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,645	...	...	28.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,575	...	...	17.1	...	...
Not suitable only	765	...	...	2.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,480	...	...	5.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	115	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	545	...	...	2.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	19,150	...	...	71.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	26,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,715	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not in core need	23,580	...	...	89.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,130	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.4	...	...	55.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...	920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,056	...	...	1,056	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	320,400	...	...	320,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,565	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.3	...	...	18.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.7	...	...	34.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.8	...	...	20.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	890	...	...	890	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	941	...	...	941	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	59,750	29,310	30,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,520	730	785	2.5	2.5	2.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,505	720	780	2.5	2.5	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,275	610	660	2.1	2.1	2.2
Métis single ancestry	185	100	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,335	1,575	1,755	5.6	5.4	5.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,285	1,535	1,750	5.5	5.2	5.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,670	1,245	1,425	4.5	4.2	4.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	575	270	300	1.0	0.9	1.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	54,900	27,005	27,895	91.9	92.1	91.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	59,750	29,310	30,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	57,925	28,405	29,520	96.9	96.9	97.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	11,305	5,760	5,540	18.9	19.7	18.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	46,620	22,645	23,975	78.0	77.3	78.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,825	900	920	3.1	3.1	3.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	59,750	29,310	30,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	54,655	26,820	27,830	91.5	91.5	91.4
Immigrants⁸¹	4,525	2,130	2,395	7.6	7.3	7.9
Before 1980	1,415	630	785	2.4	2.1	2.6
1980 to 1990	395	210	185	0.7	0.7	0.6
1991 to 2000	680	330	355	1.1	1.1	1.2
2001 to 2010	905	430	480	1.5	1.5	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,135	540	590	1.9	1.8	1.9
2011 to 2015	480	225	250	0.8	0.8	0.8
2016 to 2021	655	305	345	1.1	1.0	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	570	360	210	1.0	1.2	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,525	2,130	2,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	530	250	275	11.7	11.7	11.5
5 to 14 years	830	405	425	18.3	19.0	17.7
15 to 24 years	955	405	550	21.1	19.0	23.0
25 to 44 years	1,965	955	1,015	43.4	44.8	42.4
45 years and over	245	115	130	5.4	5.4	5.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,525	2,130	2,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	750	310	435	16.6	14.6	18.2
Brazil	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.6
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	20	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.4
Guyana	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Haiti	50	15	35	1.1	0.7	1.5
Jamaica	20	10	15	0.4	0.5	0.6
Mexico	30	15	20	0.7	0.7	0.8
Peru	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.6
Trinidad and Tobago	25	15	15	0.6	0.7	0.6
United States of America	430	175	255	9.5	8.2	10.6
Other places of birth in Americas	125	70	60	2.8	3.3	2.5
Europe	1,470	690	780	32.5	32.4	32.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	15	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
France	65	15	45	1.4	0.7	1.9
Germany	160	75	85	3.5	3.5	3.5
Greece	45	25	15	1.0	1.2	0.6
Hungary	45	30	20	1.0	1.4	0.8
Italy	95	70	30	2.1	3.3	1.3
Netherlands	115	60	60	2.5	2.8	2.5
Poland	35	10	25	0.8	0.5	1.0
Portugal	20	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.4
Romania	35	30	10	0.8	1.4	0.4
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	10	0.3	0.5	0.4
Ukraine	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	660	280	380	14.6	13.1	15.9
Other places of birth in Europe	150	65	80	3.3	3.1	3.3
Africa	440	210	230	9.7	9.9	9.6
Algeria	40	25	15	0.9	1.2	0.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	15	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Egypt	25	10	15	0.6	0.5	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Morocco	30	15	15	0.7	0.7	0.6
Nigeria	65	25	35	1.4	1.2	1.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Other places of birth in Africa	240	110	135	5.3	5.2	5.6
Asia	1,845	905	940	40.8	42.5	39.2
Afghanistan	45	25	20	1.0	1.2	0.8
Iran⁸⁸	30	20	10	0.7	0.9	0.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	80	40	45	1.8	1.9	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	10	0.3	0.5	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	20	0.8	0.7	0.8
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	185	55	130	4.1	2.6	5.4
Viet Nam	40	30	10	0.9	1.4	0.4
Bangladesh	20	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.4
India	245	140	110	5.4	6.6	4.6
Pakistan	640	310	325	14.1	14.6	13.6
Sri Lanka	365	185	180	8.1	8.7	7.5
Other places of birth in Asia	115	55	60	2.5	2.6	2.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	10	10	0.3	0.5	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	650	310	345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	85	25	65	13.1	8.1	18.8
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	35	10	20	5.4	3.2	5.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	20	3.1	3.2	5.8
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10	2.3	0.0	2.9
Europe	40	15	25	6.2	4.8	7.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	0	20	3.8	0.0	5.8
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	0	2.3	0.0	0.0
Africa	130	70	60	20.0	22.6	17.4
Algeria	20	10	0	3.1	3.2	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	10	2.3	3.2	2.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	30	15	10	4.6	4.8	2.9
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	15	2.3	0.0	4.3
Asia	400	200	195	61.5	64.5	56.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	55	30	30	8.5	9.7	8.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	190	100	90	29.2	32.3	26.1
Philippines	80	30	50	12.3	9.7	14.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	59,750	29,305	30,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,535	2,700	2,835	9.3	9.2	9.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,745	2,940	2,810	9.6	10.0	9.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	48,470	23,675	24,795	81.1	80.8	81.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,115	1,500	1,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,200	630	570	38.5	42.0	35.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	540	355	185	17.3	23.7	11.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	665	275	385	21.3	18.3	23.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,145	430	715	36.8	28.7	44.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	635	370	265	20.4	24.7	16.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	125	70	60	4.0	4.7	3.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,115	1,500	1,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	400	260	140	12.8	17.3	8.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	275	110	170	8.8	7.3	10.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	85	65	20	2.7	4.3	1.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	135	90	45	4.3	6.0	2.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	10	10	0.6	0.7	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,200	970	1,235	70.6	64.7	76.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	59,750	29,305	30,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,950	2,545	2,405	8.3	8.7	7.9
South Asian	2,440	1,295	1,140	4.1	4.4	3.7
Chinese	205	115	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Black	850	415	435	1.4	1.4	1.4
Filipino	305	125	180	0.5	0.4	0.6
Arab	240	150	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
Latin American	270	115	150	0.5	0.4	0.5
Southeast Asian	210	110	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
West Asian	160	70	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	105	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	54,800	26,765	28,040	91.7	91.3	92.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	59,750	29,310	30,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,280	6,940	7,345	23.9	23.7	24.1
English	9,330	4,445	4,880	15.6	15.2	16.0
Irish	10,200	4,840	5,370	17.1	16.5	17.6
Scottish	10,665	5,085	5,575	17.8	17.3	18.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	15,155	7,385	7,765	25.4	25.2	25.5
German	3,990	1,885	2,105	6.7	6.4	6.9
Chinese	185	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italian	1,470	770	705	2.5	2.6	2.3
Indian (India)	690	385	300	1.2	1.3	1.0
Ukrainian	470	245	220	0.8	0.8	0.7
Dutch	2,055	1,080	975	3.4	3.7	3.2
Polish	895	405	485	1.5	1.4	1.6
Québécois	230	130	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,590	770	825	2.7	2.6	2.7
Filipino	305	125	185	0.5	0.4	0.6
French Canadian	3,435	1,530	1,905	5.7	5.2	6.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,175	1,545	1,625	5.3	5.3	5.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,605	745	865	2.7	2.5	2.8
Métis	800	405	400	1.3	1.4	1.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	795	410	390	1.3	1.4	1.3
Russian	185	80	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Norwegian	320	165	155	0.5	0.6	0.5
Welsh	590	270	320	1.0	0.9	1.1
Portuguese	205	95	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	635	335	300	1.1	1.1	1.0
Spanish	345	190	160	0.6	0.6	0.5
Swedish	165	65	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hungarian	410	195	215	0.7	0.7	0.7
Acadian	200	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pakistani	695	345	355	1.2	1.2	1.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	225	120	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	145	75	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	80	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Vietnamese	75	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	340	205	135	0.6	0.7	0.4
Jamaican	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	125	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	150	65	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanese	115	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	375	185	195	0.6	0.6	0.6
Danish	180	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	690	355	335	1.2	1.2	1.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	170	70	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Haitian	95	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.1
Hindu	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexican	95	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	85	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sri Lankan	395	200	195	0.7	0.7	0.6
Croatian	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Japanese	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	190	80	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	145	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Muslim	270	140	130	0.5	0.5	0.4
Egyptian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	335	160	170	0.6	0.5	0.6
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	35	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	110	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	70	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hong Konger	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	665	365	305	1.1	1.2	1.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	100	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladeshi	55	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algerian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	90	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	90	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	75	45	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	150	80	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	865	420	450	1.4	1.4	1.5
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	35	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	125	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	295	135	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Argentinian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Coptic	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	80	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Abenaki	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	59,750	29,310	30,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	85	45	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian	40,820	19,325	21,495	68.3	65.9	70.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,925	980	945	3.2	3.3	3.1
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	2,140	990	1,150	3.6	3.4	3.8
Baptist	610	305	300	1.0	1.0	1.0
Catholic	29,590	14,040	15,545	49.5	47.9	51.1
Christian Orthodox	250	140	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	205	80	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	60	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	205	95	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	435	190	245	0.7	0.6	0.8
Presbyterian	1,375	590	780	2.3	2.0	2.6
Reformed	105	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	2,250	1,065	1,185	3.8	3.6	3.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,515	700	810	2.5	2.4	2.7
Hindu	845	450	400	1.4	1.5	1.3
Jewish	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	1,775	950	820	3.0	3.2	2.7
Sikh	160	95	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	100	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	340	130	205	0.6	0.4	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	15,525	8,225	7,305	26.0	28.1	24.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	59,165	28,980	30,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	52,615	25,730	26,890	88.9	88.8	89.1
Movers	6,545	3,255	3,290	11.1	11.2	10.9
Non-migrants	3,805	1,865	1,935	6.4	6.4	6.4
Migrants	2,740	1,395	1,350	4.6	4.8	4.5
Internal migrants	2,520	1,275	1,250	4.3	4.4	4.1
Intraprovincial migrants	2,100	1,025	1,070	3.5	3.5	3.5
Interprovincial migrants	425	250	180	0.7	0.9	0.6
External migrants	220	120	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	56,785	27,700	29,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	34,515	16,885	17,625	60.8	61.0	60.6
Movers	22,270	10,815	11,455	39.2	39.0	39.4
Non-migrants	11,300	5,310	5,990	19.9	19.2	20.6
Migrants	10,975	5,500	5,475	19.3	19.9	18.8
Internal migrants	9,800	4,885	4,915	17.3	17.6	16.9
Intraprovincial migrants	8,155	4,015	4,135	14.4	14.5	14.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,655	865	780	2.9	3.1	2.7
External migrants	1,170	615	550	2.1	2.2	1.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,115	24,365	25,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,400	6,035	5,365	22.7	24.8	20.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	38,720	18,335	20,380	77.3	75.3	79.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,205	14,755	15,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,925	2,845	2,080	16.3	19.3	13.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	25,285	11,910	13,375	83.7	80.7	86.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,115	24,370	25,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,235	5,280	4,955	20.4	21.7	19.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,885	8,230	8,655	33.7	33.8	33.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,990	10,855	12,135	45.9	44.5	47.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,980	8,225	8,755	33.9	33.8	34.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,710	2,700	1,010	7.4	11.1	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,900	1,185	715	3.8	4.9	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,810	1,515	295	3.6	6.2	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,545	5,220	7,325	25.0	21.4	28.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	730	310	420	1.5	1.3	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,010	2,635	3,385	12.0	10.8	13.1
Bachelor's degree	4,375	1,820	2,555	8.7	7.5	9.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	420	155	260	0.8	0.6	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	140	90	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Master's degree	965	470	490	1.9	1.9	1.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	120	95	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,210	14,755	15,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,305	2,480	1,830	14.3	16.8	11.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,725	4,975	4,750	32.2	33.7	30.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,175	7,305	8,870	53.5	49.5	57.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,905	5,580	6,325	39.4	37.8	40.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,345	1,670	680	7.8	11.3	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,215	730	490	4.0	4.9	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,125	940	190	3.7	6.4	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,185	3,740	5,450	30.4	25.3	35.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	375	180	195	1.2	1.2	1.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,270	1,720	2,545	14.1	11.7	16.5
Bachelor's degree	3,055	1,185	1,875	10.1	8.0	12.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	305	105	205	1.0	0.7	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	90	50	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	740	325	420	2.4	2.2	2.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	75	60	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,120	24,370	25,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,125	13,515	13,615	54.1	55.5	52.9
Education	1,500	375	1,120	3.0	1.5	4.3
13. Education	1,500	375	1,120	3.0	1.5	4.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	625	335	290	1.2	1.4	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	145	115	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	475	220	255	0.9	0.9	1.0
Humanities	1,040	440	600	2.1	1.8	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	250	70	180	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	305	145	160	0.6	0.6	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	140	65	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,215	570	1,640	4.4	2.3	6.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	580	40	545	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	310	95	215	0.6	0.4	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	15	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	490	95	395	1.0	0.4	1.5
45. Social sciences	565	240	325	1.1	1.0	1.3
Business, management and public administration	4,360	1,550	2,810	8.7	6.4	10.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	710	110	605	1.4	0.5	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,645	1,435	2,205	7.3	5.9	8.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	545	325	215	1.1	1.3	0.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	210	110	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	90	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	135	95	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	630	435	195	1.3	1.8	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	545	390	155	1.1	1.6	0.6
25. Library science	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,930	4,645	290	9.8	19.1	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	65	50	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
14. Engineering	510	435	70	1.0	1.8	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,215	1,095	125	2.4	4.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,200	1,175	30	2.4	4.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,240	1,205	35	2.5	4.9	0.1
48. Precision production	700	685	15	1.4	2.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	410	195	215	0.8	0.8	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	260	105	155	0.5	0.4	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	150	90	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	4,560	820	3,740	9.1	3.4	14.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	205	105	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,325	695	3,635	8.6	2.9	14.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,180	1,160	1,015	4.3	4.8	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,095	280	820	2.2	1.1	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	665	505	160	1.3	2.1	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	400	370	30	0.8	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	30,205	14,755	15,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,035	7,455	6,580	46.5	50.5	42.6
Education	900	180	715	3.0	1.2	4.6
13. Education	900	180	715	3.0	1.2	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	455	220	235	1.5	1.5	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	65	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	365	160	210	1.2	1.1	1.4
Humanities	670	275	390	2.2	1.9	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	175	45	130	0.6	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	185	85	100	0.6	0.6	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	45	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	115	55	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,630	350	1,275	5.4	2.4	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	125	65	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	480	25	460	1.6	0.2	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	225	45	175	0.7	0.3	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	0	65	0.2	0.0	0.4
42. Psychology	375	70	300	1.2	0.5	1.9
45. Social sciences	345	140	205	1.1	0.9	1.3
Business, management and public administration	3,125	1,065	2,060	10.3	7.2	13.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	590	90	505	2.0	0.6	3.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,530	975	1,560	8.4	6.6	10.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	390	220	170	1.3	1.5	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	150	80	70	0.5	0.5	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	60	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	100	65	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	445	310	135	1.5	2.1	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	395	280	115	1.3	1.9	0.7
25. Library science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,315	3,065	250	11.0	20.8	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	50	40	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	350	280	70	1.2	1.9	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	805	695	110	2.7	4.7	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	820	800	20	2.7	5.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	855	825	30	2.8	5.6	0.2
48. Precision production	440	430	10	1.5	2.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	300	125	180	1.0	0.8	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	195	65	130	0.6	0.4	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	105	55	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	3,265	600	2,665	10.8	4.1	17.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	170	75	90	0.6	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,095	525	2,570	10.2	3.6	16.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,675	880	795	5.5	6.0	5.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	850	210	635	2.8	1.4	4.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	540	410	125	1.8	2.8	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	280	260	25	0.9	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	30,205	14,755	15,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,035	7,455	6,580	46.5	50.5	42.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	16,175	7,300	8,875	53.6	49.5	57.4
Location of study inside Canada	14,735	6,630	8,095	48.8	44.9	52.4
Same as province or territory of residence	13,045	5,800	7,245	43.2	39.3	46.9
Different than province or territory of residence	1,685	830	850	5.6	5.6	5.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,440	670	770	4.8	4.5	5.0
Americas	475	160	315	1.6	1.1	2.0
United States of America	365	110	255	1.2	0.7	1.6
Mexico	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Europe	205	135	70	0.7	0.9	0.5
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	50	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Africa	100	40	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Nigeria	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algeria	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Morocco	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Asia	620	310	310	2.1	2.1	2.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	95	30	60	0.3	0.2	0.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
India	220	140	80	0.7	0.9	0.5
Pakistan	160	75	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other locations of study in Asia	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oceania	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	50,115	24,370	25,750	...	...	...
In the labour force	27,260	14,245	13,020	...	...	...
Employed	24,275	12,855	11,420	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,985	1,385	1,595	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	22,855	10,125	12,730	...	...	...
Participation rate	54.4	58.5	50.6	54.4	58.5	50.6
Employment rate	48.4	52.7	44.3	48.4	52.7	44.3
Unemployment rate	11.0	9.7	12.3	11.0	9.7	12.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	50,120	24,370	25,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	22,595	10,005	12,590	45.1	41.1	48.9
Worked	27,520	14,365	13,155	54.9	58.9	51.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	14,915	8,420	6,500	29.8	34.6	25.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	12,605	5,945	6,660	25.1	24.4	25.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.0	40.8	41.4	42.0	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	27,255	14,245	13,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	635	310	325	2.3	2.2	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	26,630	13,935	12,690	97.7	97.8	97.5
Employee	23,900	12,235	11,665	87.7	85.9	89.6
Permanent position	20,625	10,720	9,900	75.7	75.3	76.0
Temporary position	3,275	1,515	1,765	12.0	10.6	13.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	830	330	505	3.0	2.3	3.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,440	1,180	1,260	9.0	8.3	9.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,725	1,700	1,025	10.0	11.9	7.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	27,255	14,245	13,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	635	310	325	2.3	2.2	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	26,630	13,935	12,690	97.7	97.8	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	155	75	85	0.6	0.5	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,820	1,230	2,590	14.0	8.6	19.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,050	855	200	3.9	6.0	1.5
3 Health occupations	2,690	480	2,205	9.9	3.4	16.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,765	855	1,910	10.1	6.0	14.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	385	200	180	1.4	1.4	1.4
6 Sales and service occupations	7,425	3,260	4,165	27.2	22.9	32.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,700	5,105	585	20.9	35.8	4.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	470	350	120	1.7	2.5	0.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,170	1,520	650	8.0	10.7	5.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	27,255	14,245	13,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	635	310	325	2.3	2.2	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	26,630	13,935	12,690	97.7	97.8	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	270	190	80	1.0	1.3	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	50	50	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	185	155	30	0.7	1.1	0.2
23 Construction	2,040	1,855	185	7.5	13.0	1.4
31-33 Manufacturing	3,020	2,100	915	11.1	14.7	7.0
41 Wholesale trade	475	355	115	1.7	2.5	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	4,490	2,405	2,080	16.5	16.9	16.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,145	1,580	575	7.9	11.1	4.4
51 Information and cultural industries	470	225	245	1.7	1.6	1.9
52 Finance and insurance	495	150	345	1.8	1.1	2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	210	130	80	0.8	0.9	0.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	935	475	455	3.4	3.3	3.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,060	630	430	3.9	4.4	3.3
61 Educational services	1,660	570	1,085	6.1	4.0	8.3
62 Health care and social assistance	4,365	800	3,565	16.0	5.6	27.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	360	225	140	1.3	1.6	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	1,700	615	1,080	6.2	4.3	8.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,180	655	520	4.3	4.6	4.0
91 Public administration	1,500	750	750	5.5	5.3	5.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	29,575	15,335	14,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	23,470	12,750	10,715	79.4	83.1	75.2
French	690	245	450	2.3	1.6	3.2
Non-official language	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	5,250	2,245	3,010	17.8	14.6	21.1
English and non-official language(s)	110	75	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	29,575	15,335	14,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	28,780	15,030	13,750	97.3	98.0	96.5
Official languages	28,710	14,990	13,720	97.1	97.8	96.3
English	27,525	14,495	13,030	93.1	94.5	91.5
French	1,190	490	695	4.0	3.2	4.9
Non-official languages	65	40	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	40	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	795	300	495	2.7	2.0	3.5
English and French	775	290	485	2.6	1.9	3.4
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	29,575	15,335	14,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	24,985	13,310	11,675	84.5	86.8	82.0
English	515	265	245	1.7	1.7	1.7
French	3,995	1,705	2,285	13.5	11.1	16.0
Non-official language	60	40	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	24,275	12,855	11,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,015	1,245	1,765	12.4	9.7	15.5
Worked outside Canada	50	35	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	2,915	2,200	715	12.0	17.1	6.3
Usual place of work	18,295	9,370	8,925	75.4	72.9	78.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	18,295	9,370	8,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,945	5,765	6,185	65.3	61.5	69.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,650	2,505	2,145	25.4	26.7	24.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,295	840	455	7.1	9.0	5.1
Commute to a different province or territory	405	260	140	2.2	2.8	1.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	21,210	11,570	9,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	19,150	10,580	8,575	90.3	91.4	89.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	17,130	9,555	7,570	80.8	82.6	78.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,020	1,020	1,000	9.5	8.8	10.4
Public transit	480	255	220	2.3	2.2	2.3
Walked	970	370	600	4.6	3.2	6.2
Bicycle	180	140	35	0.8	1.2	0.4
Other method	435	225	210	2.1	1.9	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	21,210	11,570	9,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,730	5,180	5,555	50.6	44.8	57.6
15 to 29 minutes	6,805	3,950	2,855	32.1	34.1	29.6
30 to 44 minutes	1,680	990	690	7.9	8.6	7.2
45 to 59 minutes	620	420	205	2.9	3.6	2.1
60 minutes and over	1,365	1,025	335	6.4	8.9	3.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	21,210	11,570	9,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,020	1,410	610	9.5	12.2	6.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,555	2,950	1,600	21.5	25.5	16.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,055	2,695	2,360	23.8	23.3	24.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,285	1,230	2,065	15.5	10.6	21.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,655	640	1,010	7.8	5.5	10.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,635	2,640	2,000	21.9	22.8	20.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	11,700	5,995	5,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,740	2,390	2,350	40.5	39.9	41.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,960	3,605	3,360	59.5	60.1	58.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	8,480	4,345	4,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,460	1,725	1,735	40.8	39.7	42.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,195	1,045	1,145	25.9	24.1	27.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,270	685	585	15.0	15.8	14.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,020	2,620	2,405	59.2	60.3	58.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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