Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	CharlottetownMore information: Prince Edward Island [Census agglomeration]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	78,858	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	71,821^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.8	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	36,359	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	32,943	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	70.9	...	...	70.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,112.43	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	78,860	38,385	40,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,405	6,365	6,035	15.7	16.6	14.9
0 to 4 years	3,510	1,800	1,710	4.5	4.7	4.2
5 to 9 years	4,240	2,190	2,045	5.4	5.7	5.1
10 to 14 years	4,655	2,375	2,280	5.9	6.2	5.6
15 to 64 years	51,205	25,125	26,075	64.9	65.5	64.4
15 to 19 years	4,390	2,220	2,165	5.6	5.8	5.3
20 to 24 years	6,380	3,370	3,015	8.1	8.8	7.4
25 to 29 years	5,280	2,740	2,535	6.7	7.1	6.3
30 to 34 years	4,960	2,375	2,580	6.3	6.2	6.4
35 to 39 years	4,905	2,375	2,530	6.2	6.2	6.3
40 to 44 years	4,910	2,270	2,640	6.2	5.9	6.5
45 to 49 years	4,910	2,380	2,530	6.2	6.2	6.3
50 to 54 years	4,955	2,385	2,570	6.3	6.2	6.3
55 to 59 years	5,385	2,595	2,795	6.8	6.8	6.9
60 to 64 years	5,135	2,420	2,710	6.5	6.3	6.7
65 years and over	15,255	6,895	8,360	19.3	18.0	20.7
65 to 69 years	4,920	2,335	2,580	6.2	6.1	6.4
70 to 74 years	4,260	2,000	2,260	5.4	5.2	5.6
75 to 79 years	2,665	1,220	1,445	3.4	3.2	3.6
80 to 84 years	1,710	740	970	2.2	1.9	2.4
85 years and over	1,700	600	1,100	2.2	1.6	2.7
85 to 89 years	1,030	415	625	1.3	1.1	1.5
90 to 94 years	490	150	335	0.6	0.4	0.8
95 to 99 years	160	35	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.7	16.6	14.9	15.7	16.6	14.9
15 to 64 years	64.9	65.5	64.4	64.9	65.5	64.4
65 years and over	19.3	18.0	20.7	19.3	18.0	20.7
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.7	2.2	1.6	2.7
Average age of the population	41.6	40.5	42.7	41.6	40.5	42.7
Median age of the population	41.2	39.6	42.8	41.2	39.6	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	32,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	19,775	...	...	60.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,305	...	...	7.0	...	...
Row house	1,175	...	...	3.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	710	...	...	2.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,905	...	...	24.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	85	...	...	0.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	945	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	32,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,595	...	...	29.1	...	...
2 persons	11,910	...	...	36.2	...	...
3 persons	5,065	...	...	15.4	...	...
4 persons	4,170	...	...	12.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,210	...	...	6.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	77,340	37,680	39,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	66,455	32,015	34,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	37,435	18,680	18,755	56.3	58.3	54.5
Married	30,760	15,355	15,405	46.3	48.0	44.7
Living common-law	6,675	3,330	3,345	10.0	10.4	9.7
Living common law - Never married	4,995	2,455	2,540	7.5	7.7	7.4
Living common law - Separated	285	150	130	0.4	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	1,245	660	585	1.9	2.1	1.7
Living common law - Widowed	150	60	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	29,020	13,335	15,685	43.7	41.7	45.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	19,975	10,485	9,485	30.1	32.8	27.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,720	705	1,015	2.6	2.2	2.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,630	1,345	2,285	5.5	4.2	6.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,700	795	2,900	5.6	2.5	8.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	21,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,630	...	...	53.8	...	...
3 persons	4,510	...	...	20.9	...	...
4 persons	3,765	...	...	17.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,705	...	...	7.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	21,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	18,275	...	...	84.5	...	...
Married couples	14,940	...	...	69.1	...	...
With children⁶	7,570	...	...	35.0	...	...
Without children	7,370	...	...	34.1	...	...
Common-law couples	3,335	...	...	15.4	...	...
With children⁶	1,180	...	...	5.5	...	...
Without children	2,155	...	...	10.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,340	...	...	15.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,605	...	...	12.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	735	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	77,340	37,680	39,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	61,010	30,070	30,935	78.9	79.8	78.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	36,550	18,245	18,305	47.3	48.4	46.1
Parents in one-parent families	3,335	740	2,600	4.3	2.0	6.6
Children⁶	21,120	11,095	10,030	27.3	29.4	25.3
In a two-parent family	16,150	8,450	7,695	20.9	22.4	19.4
In a one-parent family	4,970	2,640	2,330	6.4	7.0	5.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,335	7,605	8,730	21.1	20.2	22.0
Living alone	9,590	3,945	5,650	12.4	10.5	14.2
Living with other relatives⁷	1,525	650	875	2.0	1.7	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	5,210	3,010	2,205	6.7	8.0	5.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	32,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	19,725	...	...	59.9	...	...
Couple-family households	17,005	...	...	51.6	...	...
With children⁶	8,205	...	...	24.9	...	...
Without children	8,800	...	...	26.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,715	...	...	8.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	505	...	...	1.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	135	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	845	...	...	2.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,140	...	...	6.5	...	...
One-person households	9,590	...	...	29.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	64,965	31,325	33,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,510	30,075	32,435	96.2	96.0	96.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	42,400	37,600	39,600	42,400	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,550	30,100	32,450	96.3	96.1	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	36,800	33,600	35,200	36,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,275	27,975	29,295	88.2	89.3	87.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,400	29,800	32,800	36,400	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,210	23,795	23,415	72.7	76.0	69.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,600	31,200	33,200	35,600	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,525	22,220	27,300	76.2	70.9	81.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,200	10,900	11,400	11,200	10,900	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,825	4,930	4,900	15.1	15.7	14.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,400	5,800	6,000	6,400	5,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,805	8,215	8,590	25.9	26.2	25.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	64,985	31,340	33,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,585	30,070	32,515	96.3	95.9	96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,720	53,000	44,720	48,720	53,000	44,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,620	30,095	32,525	96.4	96.0	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,360	43,240	37,720	40,360	43,240	37,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,335	27,880	29,460	88.2	89.0	87.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,960	48,120	38,080	42,960	48,120	38,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,235	23,730	23,505	72.7	75.7	69.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,120	45,720	38,480	42,120	45,720	38,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,860	22,360	27,500	76.7	71.3	81.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,720	11,260	12,090	11,720	11,260	12,090
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,990	4,890	5,105	15.4	15.6	15.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,450	7,690	7,210	7,450	7,690	7,210
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,955	8,300	8,655	26.1	26.5	25.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,370	8,310	8,420	8,370	8,310	8,420
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	64,985	31,340	33,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,975	12,095	10,880	35.4	38.6	32.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	58,400	53,200	55,600	58,400	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,200	68,100	59,800	64,200	68,100	59,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,120	9,070	10,045	29.4	28.9	29.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,800	16,800	14,600	15,800	16,800	14,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,540	24,100	21,120	22,540	24,100	21,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	84.2	77.2	80.8	84.2	77.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.2	68.0	62.2	65.2	68.0	62.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.2	15.8	22.9	19.2	15.8	22.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.9	6.1	5.5	4.9	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.3	5.0	4.7	4.3	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	64,965	31,325	33,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,455	1,250	1,210	3.8	4.0	3.6
With total income	62,505	30,080	32,430	96.2	96.0	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,645	2,100	2,545	7.4	7.0	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	6,790	2,935	3,855	10.9	9.8	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	10,355	4,490	5,865	16.6	14.9	18.1
$30,000 to $39,999	9,675	4,510	5,165	15.5	15.0	15.9
$40,000 to $49,999	7,920	3,770	4,155	12.7	12.5	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	6,405	3,050	3,355	10.2	10.1	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,750	2,540	2,210	7.6	8.4	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,235	1,745	1,485	5.2	5.8	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,550	1,320	1,230	4.1	4.4	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,865	870	995	3.0	2.9	3.1
$100,000 and over	4,320	2,745	1,570	6.9	9.1	4.8
$100,000 to $149,999	2,975	1,805	1,170	4.8	6.0	3.6
$150,000 and over	1,340	945	400	2.1	3.1	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	64,965	31,325	33,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,415	1,225	1,190	3.7	3.9	3.5
With after-tax income	62,545	30,095	32,445	96.3	96.1	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,995	2,210	2,785	8.0	7.3	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	7,290	3,180	4,105	11.7	10.6	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	12,690	5,680	7,005	20.3	18.9	21.6
$30,000 to $39,999	11,565	5,535	6,030	18.5	18.4	18.6
$40,000 to $49,999	8,990	4,285	4,705	14.4	14.2	14.5
$50,000 to $59,999	6,295	3,290	3,005	10.1	10.9	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,045	2,070	1,980	6.5	6.9	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,660	1,330	1,330	4.3	4.4	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,365	750	620	2.2	2.5	1.9
$90,000 to $99,999	770	470	300	1.2	1.6	0.9
$100,000 and over	1,880	1,300	580	3.0	4.3	1.8
$100,000 to $124,999	935	615	325	1.5	2.0	1.0
$125,000 and over	945	685	260	1.5	2.3	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	64,965	31,325	33,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	17,755	7,530	10,225	27.3	24.0	30.4
With employment income	47,215	23,800	23,415	72.7	76.0	69.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,055	2,820	3,235	12.8	11.8	13.8
$5,000 to $9,999	4,280	1,935	2,340	9.1	8.1	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	6,460	3,160	3,300	13.7	13.3	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	5,075	2,570	2,505	10.7	10.8	10.7
$30,000 to $39,999	5,125	2,485	2,640	10.9	10.4	11.3
$40,000 to $49,999	4,580	2,300	2,280	9.7	9.7	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	3,925	1,995	1,930	8.3	8.4	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	3,035	1,695	1,340	6.4	7.1	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,285	1,230	1,055	4.8	5.2	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,930	910	1,020	4.1	3.8	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,425	695	730	3.0	2.9	3.1
$100,000 and over	3,035	2,000	1,035	6.4	8.4	4.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,490	910	580	3.2	3.8	2.5
$125,000 and over	1,545	1,085	455	3.3	4.6	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	64,965	31,325	33,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,440	29,520	31,920	94.6	94.2	94.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,400	34,400	37,200	40,400	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,490	29,525	31,960	94.7	94.3	95.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	35,200	31,000	32,800	35,200	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,825	27,690	29,135	87.5	88.4	86.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,400	29,600	32,800	36,400	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,705	23,905	23,795	73.4	76.3	70.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	34,800	30,200	32,400	34,800	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	43,825	19,135	24,690	67.5	61.1	73.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	7,300	7,750	7,600	7,300	7,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,835	4,520	4,315	13.6	14.4	12.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,550	7,200	6,000	6,550	7,200	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	64,985	31,340	33,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,520	29,535	31,980	94.7	94.2	95.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,840	50,400	41,640	45,840	50,400	41,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,550	29,545	32,005	94.7	94.3	95.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,960	41,040	35,080	37,960	41,040	35,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,845	27,670	29,170	87.5	88.3	86.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,600	47,800	37,680	42,600	47,800	37,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,800	23,920	23,880	73.6	76.3	71.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,520	45,360	37,640	41,520	45,360	37,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	43,795	19,025	24,770	67.4	60.7	73.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,070	8,680	9,380	9,070	8,680	9,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,745	4,305	4,435	13.5	13.7	13.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,920	8,170	7,680	7,920	8,170	7,680
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	64,985	31,340	33,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,815	12,010	10,800	35.1	38.3	32.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	54,800	50,400	52,800	54,800	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,100	63,950	55,850	60,100	63,950	55,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,165	8,660	9,505	28.0	27.6	28.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	20,000	17,400	18,600	20,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	29,400	24,400	26,800	29,400	24,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.0	89.0	82.6	86.0	89.0	82.6
Employment income (%)	70.4	72.8	67.6	70.4	72.8	67.6
Government transfers (%)	14.1	11.1	17.4	14.1	11.1	17.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.5	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.4	2.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	32,940	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	23,350	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	32,940	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,500	...	...	92,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,700	...	...	76,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,560	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,720	...	...	45,720	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,320	...	...	38,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	23,380	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,700	...	...	111,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,400	...	...	92,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	32,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	385	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	205	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	455	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	630	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,560	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,160	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,220	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,325	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,370	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,320	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,760	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,520	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,340	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,165	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,980	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,550	...	...	35.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,920	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,725	...	...	8.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,915	...	...	8.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,000	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	32,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	425	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	475	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	665	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,740	...	...	5.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,450	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,460	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,660	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,710	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,605	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,130	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,940	...	...	8.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,725	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,400	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,010	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,330	...	...	25.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,715	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,140	...	...	6.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,475	...	...	7.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	21,630	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,825	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	57,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,805	6,955	7,855	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	34,000	34,800	34,400	34,000	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,200	31,000	31,600	31,200	31,000	31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	21,680	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,500	...	...	112,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,700	...	...	92,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,990	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,500	...	...	102,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,900	...	...	83,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,885	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,800	...	...	138,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,300	...	...	113,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,050	...	...	62,050	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,730	6,840	7,890	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,280	40,760	41,760	41,280	40,760	41,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,120	34,480	35,680	35,120	34,480	35,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	77,345	37,680	39,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,955	7,665	7,285	19.3	20.3	18.4
0 to 5 years	4,290	2,215	2,075	5.5	5.9	5.2
18 to 64 years	48,125	23,470	24,655	62.2	62.3	62.2
65 years and over	14,265	6,540	7,720	18.4	17.4	19.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,255	4,710	5,545	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,325	1,210	1,115	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	645	335	305	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,675	2,640	3,035	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,260	865	1,400	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.3	12.5	14.0	13.3	12.5	14.0
0 to 17 years (%)	15.5	15.8	15.3	15.5	15.8	15.3
0 to 5 years (%)	15.0	15.2	14.8	15.0	15.2	14.8
18 to 64 years (%)	11.8	11.3	12.3	11.8	11.3	12.3
65 years and over (%)	15.8	13.2	18.1	15.8	13.2	18.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	77,065	37,545	39,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,860	7,620	7,240	19.3	20.3	18.3
0 to 5 years	4,270	2,195	2,075	5.5	5.8	5.3
18 to 64 years	47,955	23,390	24,570	62.2	62.3	62.2
65 years and over	14,250	6,535	7,715	18.5	17.4	19.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,085	2,025	2,055	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	775	400	375	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	200	105	95	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,080	1,530	1,550	...	...	...
65 years and over	225	95	130	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.3	5.4	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	5.2	5.3	5.2	5.2	5.3	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	4.8	4.9	4.6	4.8	4.9	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	6.6	6.3	6.4	6.6	6.3
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	77,340	37,680	39,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	44,495	21,410	23,080	57.5	56.8	58.2
In bottom decile	9,585	4,585	5,000	12.4	12.2	12.6
In second decile	9,425	4,475	4,950	12.2	11.9	12.5
In third decile	8,725	4,190	4,530	11.3	11.1	11.4
In fourth decile	8,495	4,045	4,445	11.0	10.7	11.2
In fifth decile	8,265	4,115	4,150	10.7	10.9	10.5
In top half of the distribution	32,845	16,270	16,580	42.5	43.2	41.8
In sixth decile	7,900	3,910	3,990	10.2	10.4	10.1
In seventh decile	7,720	3,770	3,950	10.0	10.0	10.0
In eighth decile	7,035	3,505	3,530	9.1	9.3	8.9
In ninth decile	5,650	2,785	2,870	7.3	7.4	7.2
In top decile	4,540	2,300	2,245	5.9	6.1	5.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	77,340	...	...	77,340	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.319	...	...	0.319	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.427	...	...	0.427	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.279	...	...	0.279	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	77,715	37,925	39,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	66,295	33,140	33,160	85.3	87.4	83.3
French only	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	10,660	4,405	6,250	13.7	11.6	15.7
Neither English nor French	700	350	350	0.9	0.9	0.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	77,715	37,925	39,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	75,285	36,810	38,475	96.9	97.1	96.7
French	1,460	650	815	1.9	1.7	2.0
English and French	300	135	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Neither English nor French	670	330	340	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	77,715	37,925	39,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	76,150	37,130	39,015	98.0	97.9	98.1
Official languages	67,265	32,475	34,790	86.6	85.6	87.4
English	65,785	31,830	33,955	84.6	83.9	85.3
French	1,480	645	835	1.9	1.7	2.1
Non-official languages	8,880	4,655	4,230	11.4	12.3	10.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,860	4,645	4,215	11.4	12.2	10.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	875	475	400	1.1	1.3	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	805	440	360	1.0	1.2	0.9
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	780	430	350	1.0	1.1	0.9
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	535	255	275	0.7	0.7	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	530	255	270	0.7	0.7	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	320	140	185	0.4	0.4	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	270	115	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	425	255	170	0.5	0.7	0.4
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	350	210	140	0.5	0.6	0.4
Tamil	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,710	2,070	1,640	4.8	5.5	4.1
Albanian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	375	170	205	0.5	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	365	160	205	0.5	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	205	90	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	530	280	250	0.7	0.7	0.6
Frisian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	195	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
German	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	295	155	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
Afrikaans	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	265	145	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,085	1,260	825	2.7	3.3	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,875	1,145	730	2.4	3.0	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	115	75	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	265	195	70	0.3	0.5	0.2
Hindi	215	125	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	945	575	365	1.2	1.5	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	210	115	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	205	110	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	170	95	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	600	300	300	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	125	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Spanish	405	195	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korean	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,520	1,245	1,275	3.2	3.3	3.2
Chinese languages	2,455	1,205	1,245	3.2	3.2	3.1
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,120	1,030	1,090	2.7	2.7	2.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	250	125	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,570	795	770	2.0	2.1	1.9
English and French	455	195	255	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	940	505	435	1.2	1.3	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	77,715	37,925	39,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	66,795	32,410	34,385	85.9	85.5	86.4
French	375	160	210	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	3,435	1,810	1,630	4.4	4.8	4.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,435	1,810	1,630	4.4	4.8	4.1
English and French	1,270	515	760	1.6	1.4	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	5,335	2,790	2,555	6.9	7.4	6.4
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	270	125	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	195	100	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	77,715	37,925	39,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	76,260	37,195	39,065	98.1	98.1	98.2
Official languages	70,160	33,995	36,165	90.3	89.6	90.9
English	69,600	33,760	35,840	89.6	89.0	90.1
French	560	235	320	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official languages	6,105	3,200	2,900	7.9	8.4	7.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,100	3,200	2,900	7.8	8.4	7.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	595	310	285	0.8	0.8	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	545	290	260	0.7	0.8	0.7
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	530	280	250	0.7	0.7	0.6
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	510	260	255	0.7	0.7	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	505	255	250	0.6	0.7	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	170	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	320	185	130	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	270	160	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Tamil	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,140	1,185	945	2.8	3.1	2.4
Albanian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	205	95	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	205	95	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	145	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	150	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,415	835	575	1.8	2.2	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,265	770	500	1.6	2.0	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	175	130	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hindi	110	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	120	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	710	425	290	0.9	1.1	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	145	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	125	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	295	145	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	220	105	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,125	1,065	1,065	2.7	2.8	2.7
Chinese languages	2,085	1,040	1,045	2.7	2.7	2.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,865	930	935	2.4	2.5	2.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,450	730	720	1.9	1.9	1.8
English and French	220	80	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,170	615	555	1.5	1.6	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	77,715	37,925	39,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	71,785	34,965	36,825	92.4	92.2	92.5
English	2,235	1,125	1,110	2.9	3.0	2.8
French	965	405	555	1.2	1.1	1.4
Non-official language	1,965	1,005	960	2.5	2.6	2.4
Indigenous³⁹	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,930	985	940	2.5	2.6	2.4
English and French	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	370	220	155	0.5	0.6	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	120	55	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	230	125	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	77,385	37,700	39,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	76,725	37,380	39,345	99.1	99.2	99.1
English	76,665	37,350	39,320	99.1	99.1	99.1
French	10,750	4,565	6,185	13.9	12.1	15.6
Non-official languages	11,600	6,035	5,570	15.0	16.0	14.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,525	6,000	5,525	14.9	15.9	13.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,170	650	525	1.5	1.7	1.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,115	620	495	1.4	1.6	1.2
Amharic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,050	580	470	1.4	1.5	1.2
Aramaic languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	675	320	355	0.9	0.8	0.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	675	320	355	0.9	0.8	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	485	185	295	0.6	0.5	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	450	175	280	0.6	0.5	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	655	360	295	0.8	1.0	0.7
Kannada	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	545	295	245	0.7	0.8	0.6
Tamil	130	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,320	2,880	2,440	6.9	7.6	6.1
Albanian	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	510	270	235	0.7	0.7	0.6
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	495	270	235	0.6	0.7	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	255	135	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	750	365	385	1.0	1.0	1.0
Frisian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	390	200	190	0.5	0.5	0.5
German	375	190	190	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	320	160	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	300	155	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,695	1,660	1,035	3.5	4.4	2.6
Indo-Aryan languages	2,420	1,510	910	3.1	4.0	2.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	190	145	45	0.2	0.4	0.1
Gujarati	315	240	75	0.4	0.6	0.2
Hindi	1,335	865	470	1.7	2.3	1.2
Kacchi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,035	660	375	1.3	1.8	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	275	150	125	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	275	150	125	0.4	0.4	0.3
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	245	130	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,340	595	750	1.7	1.6	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	170	95	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	240	90	150	0.3	0.2	0.4
Romanian	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	980	450	535	1.3	1.2	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	235	95	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
Korean	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	300	200	100	0.4	0.5	0.3
Akan (Twi)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lingala	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	90	65	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,835	1,395	1,440	3.7	3.7	3.6
Chinese languages	2,755	1,355	1,395	3.6	3.6	3.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,645	1,295	1,345	3.4	3.4	3.4
Min Dong	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	320	185	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	77,385	37,695	39,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,635	785	855	2.1	2.1	2.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,555	760	795	2.0	2.0	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,115	565	550	1.4	1.5	1.4
Métis	375	160	210	0.5	0.4	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	75,745	36,915	38,835	97.9	97.9	97.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	77,385	37,695	39,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	735	355	380	0.9	0.9	1.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	76,650	37,345	39,305	99.1	99.1	99.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	32,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	20,425	...	...	62.0	...	...
Renter	12,440	...	...	37.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	32,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,340	...	...	4.1	...	...
Not condominium	31,605	...	...	95.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	32,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	145	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	3,580	...	...	10.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,495	...	...	28.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,625	...	...	35.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,090	...	...	24.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	32,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,460	...	...	28.7	...	...
5 rooms	5,500	...	...	16.7	...	...
6 rooms	4,695	...	...	14.3	...	...
7 rooms	3,915	...	...	11.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	9,375	...	...	28.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	32,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	32,510	...	...	98.7	...	...
More than one person per room	435	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	32,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	31,755	...	...	96.4	...	...
Not suitable	1,190	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	32,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,605	...	...	17.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,530	...	...	25.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,240	...	...	12.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,265	...	...	12.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,145	...	...	6.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,700	...	...	8.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,485	...	...	7.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,975	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	32,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	31,000	...	...	94.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,945	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	32,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	16,045	...	...	48.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,350	...	...	46.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,550	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	32,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,765	...	...	5.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,650	...	...	14.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,370	...	...	16.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,560	...	...	16.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,255	...	...	19.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,690	...	...	17.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,825	...	...	8.6	...	...
85 years and over	825	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	32,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	26,400	...	...	81.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,100	...	...	18.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,500	...	...	16.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	32,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,570	...	...	26.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,515	...	...	16.7	...	...
Not suitable only	955	...	...	2.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,455	...	...	4.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	165	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	415	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	24,370	...	...	74.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	31,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,010	...	...	6.3	...	...
Not in core need	29,890	...	...	93.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,185	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.6	...	...	60.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.3	...	...	10.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,110	...	...	1,110	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,217	...	...	1,217	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	368,000	...	...	368,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,440	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.2	...	...	15.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.6	...	...	32.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.7	...	...	12.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,085	...	...	1,085	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	75	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	234	...	...	234	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	270	...	...	270	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	77,380	37,695	39,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	725	365	360	0.9	1.0	0.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	725	365	360	0.9	1.0	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	645	325	325	0.8	0.9	0.8
Métis single ancestry	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,700	765	935	2.2	2.0	2.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,690	755	930	2.2	2.0	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,340	600	745	1.7	1.6	1.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	270	120	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	74,955	36,570	38,390	96.9	97.0	96.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	77,380	37,695	39,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	68,515	32,900	35,615	88.5	87.3	89.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	13,360	6,775	6,585	17.3	18.0	16.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	55,155	26,125	29,035	71.3	69.3	73.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,865	4,795	4,070	11.5	12.7	10.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	77,380	37,695	39,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	64,980	31,235	33,745	84.0	82.9	85.0
Immigrants⁸¹	8,380	4,165	4,215	10.8	11.0	10.6
Before 1980	1,065	470	595	1.4	1.2	1.5
1980 to 1990	435	225	210	0.6	0.6	0.5
1991 to 2000	460	210	255	0.6	0.6	0.6
2001 to 2010	1,235	615	625	1.6	1.6	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,180	2,655	2,530	6.7	7.0	6.4
2011 to 2015	1,315	660	665	1.7	1.8	1.7
2016 to 2021	3,860	1,995	1,865	5.0	5.3	4.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,020	2,290	1,730	5.2	6.1	4.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,385	4,170	4,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	710	375	335	8.5	9.0	8.0
5 to 14 years	1,800	980	820	21.5	23.5	19.5
15 to 24 years	1,295	655	645	15.4	15.7	15.3
25 to 44 years	3,515	1,570	1,940	41.9	37.6	46.1
45 years and over	1,060	585	475	12.6	14.0	11.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,385	4,170	4,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,130	550	580	13.5	13.2	13.8
Brazil	60	30	35	0.7	0.7	0.8
Colombia	40	10	30	0.5	0.2	0.7
El Salvador	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	125	60	60	1.5	1.4	1.4
Mexico	40	10	30	0.5	0.2	0.7
Peru	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
United States of America	615	295	325	7.3	7.1	7.7
Other places of birth in Americas	195	120	75	2.3	2.9	1.8
Europe	1,895	920	970	22.6	22.1	23.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	25	30	0.7	0.6	0.7
Croatia	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
France	80	30	45	1.0	0.7	1.1
Germany	95	50	45	1.1	1.2	1.1
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	35	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.5
Italy	55	25	30	0.7	0.6	0.7
Netherlands	215	115	100	2.6	2.8	2.4
Poland	45	35	15	0.5	0.8	0.4
Portugal	40	25	20	0.5	0.6	0.5
Romania	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Russian Federation	90	40	55	1.1	1.0	1.3
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	50	30	20	0.6	0.7	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	745	355	395	8.9	8.5	9.4
Other places of birth in Europe	350	160	190	4.2	3.8	4.5
Africa	425	210	210	5.1	5.0	5.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Egypt	50	20	25	0.6	0.5	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Nigeria	110	55	60	1.3	1.3	1.4
Somalia	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	30	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.5
Other places of birth in Africa	165	95	75	2.0	2.3	1.8
Asia	4,880	2,460	2,420	58.2	59.0	57.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	180	100	75	2.1	2.4	1.8
Iraq	55	35	20	0.7	0.8	0.5
Lebanon	115	75	40	1.4	1.8	1.0
Syria⁸⁹	390	205	185	4.7	4.9	4.4
Turkey	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	1,585	775	805	18.9	18.6	19.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	95	70	25	1.1	1.7	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	40	10	30	0.5	0.2	0.7
Taiwan	115	55	65	1.4	1.3	1.5
Philippines	355	140	215	4.2	3.4	5.1
Viet Nam	475	235	245	5.7	5.6	5.8
Bangladesh	90	55	35	1.1	1.3	0.8
India	745	415	330	8.9	10.0	7.8
Pakistan	80	45	35	1.0	1.1	0.8
Sri Lanka	60	30	25	0.7	0.7	0.6
Other places of birth in Asia	465	200	265	5.5	4.8	6.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	30	25	0.6	0.7	0.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,860	1,990	1,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	360	170	190	9.3	8.5	10.2
Brazil	35	15	15	0.9	0.8	0.8
Colombia	35	15	25	0.9	0.8	1.3
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	110	45	60	2.8	2.3	3.2
Mexico	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.5
United States of America	80	30	45	2.1	1.5	2.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	80	55	25	2.1	2.8	1.3
Europe	335	155	180	8.7	7.8	9.6
France	45	25	15	1.2	1.3	0.8
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	10	20	0.9	0.5	1.1
Russian Federation	45	20	30	1.2	1.0	1.6
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	100	45	55	2.6	2.3	2.9
Other places of birth in Europe	90	45	50	2.3	2.3	2.7
Africa	210	105	100	5.4	5.3	5.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	15	0.6	0.8	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	85	40	45	2.2	2.0	2.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	30	15	1.3	1.5	0.8
Asia	2,935	1,550	1,380	76.0	77.9	73.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	50	25	20	1.3	1.3	1.1
China⁹⁰	1,115	570	550	28.9	28.6	29.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	35	20	1.4	1.8	1.1
India	585	330	255	15.2	16.6	13.6
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Iraq	40	25	15	1.0	1.3	0.8
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	20	15	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	20	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Nepal	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	145	70	70	3.8	3.5	3.7
Saudi Arabia	20	15	10	0.5	0.8	0.5
Sri Lanka	30	20	15	0.8	1.0	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	210	120	90	5.4	6.0	4.8
Turkey	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
United Arab Emirates	55	15	35	1.4	0.8	1.9
Viet Nam	445	220	225	11.5	11.1	12.0
Other places of birth in Asia	85	45	40	2.2	2.3	2.1
Oceania and other⁹³	25	10	10	0.6	0.5	0.5
Australia	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	77,385	37,695	39,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,990	6,735	6,260	16.8	17.9	15.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,930	2,965	2,970	7.7	7.9	7.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	58,465	28,005	30,465	75.6	74.3	76.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,315	3,695	3,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,560	2,885	2,680	76.0	78.1	74.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,220	1,255	960	30.3	34.0	26.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,340	1,625	1,715	45.7	44.0	47.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	820	345	475	11.2	9.3	13.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	890	440	445	12.2	11.9	12.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	45	25	15	0.6	0.7	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,315	3,695	3,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	935	485	450	12.8	13.1	12.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	315	150	170	4.3	4.1	4.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	735	390	345	10.0	10.6	9.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,280	2,650	2,635	72.2	71.7	72.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	77,385	37,695	39,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	11,060	5,885	5,175	14.3	15.6	13.0
South Asian	3,055	1,895	1,160	3.9	5.0	2.9
Chinese	2,865	1,425	1,445	3.7	3.8	3.6
Black	1,515	835	680	2.0	2.2	1.7
Filipino	525	200	325	0.7	0.5	0.8
Arab	1,005	540	465	1.3	1.4	1.2
Latin American	455	220	235	0.6	0.6	0.6
Southeast Asian	885	400	480	1.1	1.1	1.2
West Asian	280	155	125	0.4	0.4	0.3
Korean	100	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	155	40	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	105	60	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	120	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	66,325	31,810	34,510	85.7	84.4	87.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	77,385	37,700	39,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	10,660	5,320	5,340	13.8	14.1	13.5
English	18,255	8,630	9,630	23.6	22.9	24.3
Irish	22,000	10,155	11,845	28.4	26.9	29.8
Scottish	26,225	11,990	14,235	33.9	31.8	35.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,350	4,285	5,065	12.1	11.4	12.8
German	3,855	1,840	2,010	5.0	4.9	5.1
Chinese	2,645	1,305	1,340	3.4	3.5	3.4
Italian	935	455	480	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indian (India)	1,805	1,160	640	2.3	3.1	1.6
Ukrainian	665	335	330	0.9	0.9	0.8
Dutch	2,385	1,140	1,235	3.1	3.0	3.1
Polish	690	290	395	0.9	0.8	1.0
Québécois	120	75	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,770	855	915	2.3	2.3	2.3
Filipino	440	170	270	0.6	0.5	0.7
French Canadian	440	195	245	0.6	0.5	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,975	1,390	1,585	3.8	3.7	4.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	700	300	405	0.9	0.8	1.0
Métis	340	160	180	0.4	0.4	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,235	580	655	1.6	1.5	1.7
Russian	355	175	180	0.5	0.5	0.5
Norwegian	325	150	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Welsh	1,425	750	680	1.8	2.0	1.7
Portuguese	225	110	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	495	235	265	0.6	0.6	0.7
Spanish	360	195	165	0.5	0.5	0.4
Swedish	250	105	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hungarian	260	135	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Acadian	3,445	1,585	1,860	4.5	4.2	4.7
Pakistani	110	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	400	195	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	260	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	625	285	340	0.8	0.8	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	465	255	210	0.6	0.7	0.5
Greek	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	280	155	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	295	170	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	630	310	320	0.8	0.8	0.8
Iranian	200	105	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	325	145	180	0.4	0.4	0.5
Danish	395	210	185	0.5	0.6	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	370	170	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	170	105	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Austrian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haitian	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindu	270	180	90	0.3	0.5	0.2
Mexican	180	105	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	135	45	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Finnish	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	180	50	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	145	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	695	320	370	0.9	0.8	0.9
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	190	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Muslim	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Egyptian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	90	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Colombian	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	335	160	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyanese	50	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	130	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	135	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ontarian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	110	85	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	135	50	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nigerian	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	125	55	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iraqi	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	110	60	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australian	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	90	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chilean	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	155	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	110	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	45	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	50	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuban	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cameroonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	115	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rwandan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Honduran	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	1,410	660	750	1.8	1.8	1.9
Maliseet	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	77,385	37,695	39,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	505	230	275	0.7	0.6	0.7
Christian	48,150	22,315	25,835	62.2	59.2	65.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,475	2,595	2,880	7.1	6.9	7.3
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	2,440	1,040	1,405	3.2	2.8	3.5
Baptist	2,385	1,050	1,330	3.1	2.8	3.4
Catholic	23,370	10,915	12,455	30.2	29.0	31.4
Christian Orthodox	360	180	175	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	185	95	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	500	255	250	0.6	0.7	0.6
Presbyterian	3,400	1,605	1,790	4.4	4.3	4.5
Reformed	195	90	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
United Church	6,020	2,680	3,340	7.8	7.1	8.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,450	1,630	1,820	4.5	4.3	4.6
Hindu	1,050	710	345	1.4	1.9	0.9
Jewish	120	55	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Muslim	1,525	880	645	2.0	2.3	1.6
Sikh	790	495	295	1.0	1.3	0.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	450	195	250	0.6	0.5	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	24,730	12,790	11,940	32.0	33.9	30.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	76,770	37,450	39,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	65,070	31,670	33,405	84.8	84.6	85.0
Movers	11,700	5,775	5,920	15.2	15.4	15.1
Non-migrants	6,100	3,030	3,070	7.9	8.1	7.8
Migrants	5,595	2,745	2,845	7.3	7.3	7.2
Internal migrants	4,665	2,310	2,350	6.1	6.2	6.0
Intraprovincial migrants	2,415	1,165	1,245	3.1	3.1	3.2
Interprovincial migrants	2,250	1,145	1,100	2.9	3.1	2.8
External migrants	935	430	500	1.2	1.1	1.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	73,895	35,965	37,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	40,505	19,360	21,145	54.8	53.8	55.7
Movers	33,395	16,605	16,785	45.2	46.2	44.3
Non-migrants	9,410	4,590	4,820	12.7	12.8	12.7
Migrants	23,980	12,015	11,965	32.5	33.4	31.5
Internal migrants	17,290	8,390	8,900	23.4	23.3	23.5
Intraprovincial migrants	11,205	5,430	5,775	15.2	15.1	15.2
Interprovincial migrants	6,085	2,955	3,130	8.2	8.2	8.3
External migrants	6,690	3,625	3,065	9.1	10.1	8.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,985	31,340	33,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,290	4,585	3,705	12.8	14.6	11.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	56,690	26,755	29,940	87.2	85.4	89.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	39,965	19,170	20,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,610	1,645	970	6.5	8.6	4.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,355	17,525	19,825	93.5	91.4	95.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,985	31,340	33,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,555	4,110	3,445	11.6	13.1	10.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,435	8,580	7,850	25.3	27.4	23.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,995	18,645	22,350	63.1	59.5	66.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,915	10,245	11,670	33.7	32.7	34.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,700	2,700	1,000	5.7	8.6	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,835	1,200	635	2.8	3.8	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,865	1,505	365	2.9	4.8	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,310	6,845	9,465	25.1	21.8	28.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,910	695	1,215	2.9	2.2	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,080	8,400	10,675	29.4	26.8	31.7
Bachelor's degree	12,820	5,630	7,195	19.7	18.0	21.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	960	395	565	1.5	1.3	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	490	230	260	0.8	0.7	0.8
Master's degree	4,165	1,740	2,420	6.4	5.6	7.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	640	405	230	1.0	1.3	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	39,970	19,170	20,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,285	1,410	875	5.7	7.4	4.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,420	4,640	3,780	21.1	24.2	18.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,265	13,125	16,140	73.2	68.5	77.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,570	6,880	7,695	36.5	35.9	37.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,300	1,740	560	5.8	9.1	2.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,095	765	330	2.7	4.0	1.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,210	980	230	3.0	5.1	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,160	4,715	6,445	27.9	24.6	31.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,110	425	685	2.8	2.2	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,690	6,245	8,445	36.8	32.6	40.6
Bachelor's degree	9,780	4,205	5,580	24.5	21.9	26.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	645	255	385	1.6	1.3	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	420	175	240	1.1	0.9	1.2
Master's degree	3,370	1,315	2,055	8.4	6.9	9.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	480	295	190	1.2	1.5	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	64,985	31,340	33,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,990	12,695	11,300	36.9	40.5	33.6
Education	2,925	750	2,180	4.5	2.4	6.5
13. Education	2,925	750	2,180	4.5	2.4	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,075	485	595	1.7	1.5	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,005	425	580	1.5	1.4	1.7
Humanities	2,215	945	1,270	3.4	3.0	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	140	15	125	0.2	0.0	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	565	185	380	0.9	0.6	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	505	200	305	0.8	0.6	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	220	130	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	230	110	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	430	270	155	0.7	0.9	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,290	1,370	2,920	6.6	4.4	8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	475	195	280	0.7	0.6	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	795	45	745	1.2	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	695	205	495	1.1	0.7	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	935	255	680	1.4	0.8	2.0
45. Social sciences	1,250	635	620	1.9	2.0	1.8
Business, management and public administration	10,455	4,045	6,410	16.1	12.9	19.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	880	195	685	1.4	0.6	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,560	3,840	5,715	14.7	12.3	17.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,090	920	1,170	3.2	2.9	3.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,050	480	570	1.6	1.5	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	555	200	345	0.9	0.6	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	400	220	170	0.6	0.7	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,015	1,435	580	3.1	4.6	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,800	1,345	455	2.8	4.3	1.4
25. Library science	90	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,225	5,720	505	9.6	18.3	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	215	135	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	1,230	1,050	180	1.9	3.4	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,250	1,115	135	1.9	3.6	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,745	1,710	35	2.7	5.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,095	1,070	25	1.7	3.4	0.1
48. Precision production	690	640	50	1.1	2.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,345	725	620	2.1	2.3	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	995	510	485	1.5	1.6	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	350	215	130	0.5	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	6,215	1,080	5,135	9.6	3.4	15.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	435	235	195	0.7	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,635	765	4,875	8.7	2.4	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,140	1,185	955	3.3	3.8	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,210	360	850	1.9	1.1	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	430	350	80	0.7	1.1	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	470	450	20	0.7	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	39,965	19,170	20,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,705	6,045	4,655	26.8	31.5	22.4
Education	1,945	475	1,465	4.9	2.5	7.0
13. Education	1,945	475	1,465	4.9	2.5	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	765	350	420	1.9	1.8	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	705	305	400	1.8	1.6	1.9
Humanities	1,570	635	945	3.9	3.3	4.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	120	10	100	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	425	135	295	1.1	0.7	1.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	355	150	210	0.9	0.8	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	90	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	45	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
54. History	290	165	120	0.7	0.9	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,260	995	2,270	8.2	5.2	10.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	385	150	235	1.0	0.8	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	555	25	535	1.4	0.1	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	550	130	415	1.4	0.7	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	730	195	530	1.8	1.0	2.5
45. Social sciences	955	480	475	2.4	2.5	2.3
Business, management and public administration	7,420	2,840	4,580	18.6	14.8	22.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	650	160	490	1.6	0.8	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,755	2,670	4,080	16.9	13.9	19.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,420	615	800	3.6	3.2	3.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	735	310	425	1.8	1.6	2.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	355	130	225	0.9	0.7	1.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	290	170	120	0.7	0.9	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,495	1,075	430	3.7	5.6	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,365	1,015	350	3.4	5.3	1.7
25. Library science	60	10	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,315	3,895	415	10.8	20.3	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	145	75	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	955	810	145	2.4	4.2	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	860	755	105	2.2	3.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,180	1,150	30	3.0	6.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	705	675	25	1.8	3.5	0.1
48. Precision production	475	425	50	1.2	2.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	965	465	500	2.4	2.4	2.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	700	300	400	1.8	1.6	1.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	265	165	100	0.7	0.9	0.5
Health and related fields	4,505	880	3,625	11.3	4.6	17.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	310	180	125	0.8	0.9	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,095	645	3,450	10.2	3.4	16.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,595	910	690	4.0	4.7	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	885	275	610	2.2	1.4	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	330	275	55	0.8	1.4	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	375	355	20	0.9	1.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	39,965	19,170	20,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,705	6,045	4,655	26.8	31.5	22.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	29,265	13,120	16,140	73.2	68.4	77.6
Location of study inside Canada	25,035	11,110	13,920	62.6	58.0	66.9
Same as province or territory of residence	16,070	7,135	8,930	40.2	37.2	42.9
Different than province or territory of residence	8,965	3,970	4,995	22.4	20.7	24.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,235	2,015	2,215	10.6	10.5	10.7
Americas	745	335	415	1.9	1.7	2.0
United States of America	475	215	260	1.2	1.1	1.3
Mexico	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Brazil	60	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Colombia	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	665	350	315	1.7	1.8	1.5
Belgium	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	280	170	110	0.7	0.9	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	85	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Africa	110	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	2,645	1,240	1,405	6.6	6.5	6.8
Iran⁸⁸	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	55	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkey	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	945	435	510	2.4	2.3	2.5
Taiwan	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japan	45	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	250	90	160	0.6	0.5	0.8
Viet Nam	225	105	125	0.6	0.5	0.6
Bangladesh	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	615	335	280	1.5	1.7	1.3
Pakistan	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	115	30	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Oceania	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Australia	55	30	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	64,985	31,340	33,645	...	...	...
In the labour force	43,710	22,220	21,485	...	...	...
Employed	39,765	20,085	19,680	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,945	2,135	1,805	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	21,275	9,115	12,160	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.3	70.9	63.9	67.3	70.9	63.9
Employment rate	61.2	64.1	58.5	61.2	64.1	58.5
Unemployment rate	9.0	9.6	8.4	9.0	9.6	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	64,985	31,340	33,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	21,145	9,150	12,000	32.5	29.2	35.7
Worked	43,835	22,190	21,645	67.5	70.8	64.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	23,505	12,405	11,100	36.2	39.6	33.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	20,330	9,780	10,550	31.3	31.2	31.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.4	41.0	41.2	41.4	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	43,705	22,220	21,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	855	435	420	2.0	2.0	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	42,855	21,785	21,065	98.1	98.0	98.0
Employee	37,890	18,585	19,300	86.7	83.6	89.8
Permanent position	28,855	14,245	14,610	66.0	64.1	68.0
Temporary position	9,035	4,340	4,690	20.7	19.5	21.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,550	1,135	1,410	5.8	5.1	6.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,485	3,210	3,275	14.8	14.4	15.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,970	3,205	1,765	11.4	14.4	8.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	43,705	22,220	21,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	855	435	420	2.0	2.0	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	42,855	21,785	21,065	98.1	98.0	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	490	290	200	1.1	1.3	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,125	2,270	4,860	16.3	10.2	22.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,430	2,575	850	7.8	11.6	4.0
3 Health occupations	3,865	720	3,145	8.8	3.2	14.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,195	1,995	4,205	14.2	9.0	19.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,220	610	610	2.8	2.7	2.8
6 Sales and service occupations	11,350	5,225	6,125	26.0	23.5	28.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,260	5,850	405	14.3	26.3	1.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,670	1,320	350	3.8	5.9	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,250	930	315	2.9	4.2	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	43,705	22,220	21,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	855	435	420	2.0	2.0	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	42,855	21,785	21,065	98.1	98.0	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,655	1,235	425	3.8	5.6	2.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	70	65	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	235	170	65	0.5	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	3,200	2,885	315	7.3	13.0	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	2,350	1,680	665	5.4	7.6	3.1
41 Wholesale trade	710	535	175	1.6	2.4	0.8
44-45 Retail trade	5,295	2,620	2,680	12.1	11.8	12.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,315	1,065	245	3.0	4.8	1.1
51 Information and cultural industries	515	310	210	1.2	1.4	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,270	535	735	2.9	2.4	3.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	580	340	245	1.3	1.5	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,995	1,755	1,235	6.9	7.9	5.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,825	1,140	685	4.2	5.1	3.2
61 Educational services	3,695	1,195	2,500	8.5	5.4	11.6
62 Health care and social assistance	5,815	1,105	4,710	13.3	5.0	21.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,020	555	465	2.3	2.5	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	3,125	1,480	1,650	7.2	6.7	7.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,860	755	1,110	4.3	3.4	5.2
91 Public administration	5,245	2,340	2,905	12.0	10.5	13.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	47,010	23,820	23,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	44,350	22,705	21,645	94.3	95.3	93.3
French	230	65	170	0.5	0.3	0.7
Non-official language	215	110	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	215	110	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	1,430	545	885	3.0	2.3	3.8
English and non-official language(s)	745	375	370	1.6	1.6	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	47,010	23,820	23,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	46,745	23,680	23,070	99.4	99.4	99.5
Official languages	46,320	23,475	22,845	98.5	98.6	98.5
English	45,850	23,330	22,520	97.5	97.9	97.1
French	470	145	325	1.0	0.6	1.4
Non-official languages	425	200	225	0.9	0.8	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	425	200	225	0.9	0.8	1.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	295	125	170	0.6	0.5	0.7
Chinese languages	290	115	170	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	270	110	165	0.6	0.5	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	265	140	125	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and French	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	165	90	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	47,010	23,820	23,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	45,035	22,995	22,040	95.8	96.5	95.0
English	430	175	260	0.9	0.7	1.1
French	1,100	420	675	2.3	1.8	2.9
Non-official language	350	185	165	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	330	175	155	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	39,765	20,090	19,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,575	3,240	3,340	16.5	16.1	17.0
Worked outside Canada	110	65	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	4,650	3,545	1,100	11.7	17.6	5.6
Usual place of work	28,430	13,235	15,200	71.5	65.9	77.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	28,435	13,235	15,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,320	6,110	7,205	46.8	46.2	47.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	12,470	5,590	6,880	43.9	42.2	45.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,740	1,095	650	6.1	8.3	4.3
Commute to a different province or territory	900	440	460	3.2	3.3	3.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	33,085	16,780	16,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	29,870	15,275	14,595	90.3	91.0	89.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	27,350	14,330	13,020	82.7	85.4	79.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,520	945	1,575	7.6	5.6	9.7
Public transit	750	335	420	2.3	2.0	2.6
Walked	1,760	815	945	5.3	4.9	5.8
Bicycle	120	75	45	0.4	0.4	0.3
Other method	580	290	295	1.8	1.7	1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	33,085	16,780	16,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,675	7,490	8,180	47.4	44.6	50.2
15 to 29 minutes	12,285	6,115	6,170	37.1	36.4	37.9
30 to 44 minutes	3,370	1,935	1,430	10.2	11.5	8.8
45 to 59 minutes	1,040	685	355	3.1	4.1	2.2
60 minutes and over	720	555	165	2.2	3.3	1.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	33,085	16,780	16,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,330	900	425	4.0	5.4	2.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,595	2,715	1,885	13.9	16.2	11.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,455	5,915	5,540	34.6	35.3	34.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,920	3,440	4,485	23.9	20.5	27.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,730	1,650	2,080	11.3	9.8	12.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,045	2,160	1,880	12.2	12.9	11.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	15,285	7,825	7,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,300	625	675	8.5	8.0	9.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,990	7,200	6,790	91.5	92.0	91.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,510	5,890	5,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,015	465	550	8.8	7.9	9.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	605	265	340	5.3	4.5	6.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	410	200	210	3.6	3.4	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,495	5,425	5,070	91.2	92.1	90.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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