Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	NanaimoMore information: British Columbia [Census metropolitan area]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	115,459	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	104,936	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	51,568	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	49,348	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	90.3	...	...	90.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,279.28	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	115,460	56,150	59,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,395	8,450	7,945	14.2	15.0	13.4
0 to 4 years	4,660	2,405	2,255	4.0	4.3	3.8
5 to 9 years	5,660	2,870	2,795	4.9	5.1	4.7
10 to 14 years	6,070	3,175	2,895	5.3	5.7	4.9
15 to 64 years	70,895	34,775	36,115	61.4	61.9	60.9
15 to 19 years	5,430	2,800	2,630	4.7	5.0	4.4
20 to 24 years	6,330	3,280	3,045	5.5	5.8	5.1
25 to 29 years	6,920	3,555	3,365	6.0	6.3	5.7
30 to 34 years	7,320	3,560	3,765	6.3	6.3	6.3
35 to 39 years	7,635	3,775	3,865	6.6	6.7	6.5
40 to 44 years	6,795	3,340	3,460	5.9	5.9	5.8
45 to 49 years	6,580	3,175	3,405	5.7	5.7	5.7
50 to 54 years	7,095	3,365	3,730	6.1	6.0	6.3
55 to 59 years	8,150	3,885	4,265	7.1	6.9	7.2
60 to 64 years	8,645	4,050	4,595	7.5	7.2	7.7
65 years and over	28,170	12,925	15,250	24.4	23.0	25.7
65 to 69 years	8,645	4,020	4,620	7.5	7.2	7.8
70 to 74 years	7,485	3,460	4,025	6.5	6.2	6.8
75 to 79 years	5,195	2,500	2,695	4.5	4.5	4.5
80 to 84 years	3,400	1,610	1,800	2.9	2.9	3.0
85 years and over	3,435	1,330	2,100	3.0	2.4	3.5
85 to 89 years	2,050	840	1,215	1.8	1.5	2.0
90 to 94 years	1,050	400	650	0.9	0.7	1.1
95 to 99 years	290	80	210	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.2	15.0	13.4	14.2	15.0	13.4
15 to 64 years	61.4	61.9	60.9	61.4	61.9	60.9
65 years and over	24.4	23.0	25.7	24.4	23.0	25.7
85 years and over	3.0	2.4	3.5	3.0	2.4	3.5
Average age of the population	44.9	43.8	45.9	44.9	43.8	45.9
Median age of the population	45.6	44.0	47.2	45.6	44.0	47.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	27,575	...	...	55.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,200	...	...	4.5	...	...
Row house	1,985	...	...	4.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,265	...	...	12.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,270	...	...	16.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,390	...	...	2.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,560	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	14,845	...	...	30.1	...	...
2 persons	19,090	...	...	38.7	...	...
3 persons	6,935	...	...	14.1	...	...
4 persons	5,390	...	...	10.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,085	...	...	6.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	112,405	54,830	57,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	99,065	47,700	51,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	55,685	27,805	27,880	56.2	58.3	54.3
Married	43,455	21,715	21,740	43.9	45.5	42.3
Living common-law	12,230	6,090	6,140	12.3	12.8	12.0
Living common law - Never married	8,495	4,255	4,240	8.6	8.9	8.3
Living common law - Separated	475	235	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	2,935	1,490	1,445	3.0	3.1	2.8
Living common law - Widowed	325	110	215	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	43,380	19,895	23,485	43.8	41.7	45.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,035	14,200	11,835	26.3	29.8	23.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,940	1,265	1,680	3.0	2.7	3.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,280	3,065	5,215	8.4	6.4	10.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,125	1,365	4,755	6.2	2.9	9.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,780	...	...	60.6	...	...
3 persons	6,210	...	...	19.0	...	...
4 persons	4,855	...	...	14.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,795	...	...	5.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,075	...	...	83.0	...	...
Married couples	20,965	...	...	64.2	...	...
With children⁶	8,825	...	...	27.0	...	...
Without children	12,145	...	...	37.2	...	...
Common-law couples	6,110	...	...	18.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,035	...	...	6.2	...	...
Without children	4,070	...	...	12.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,565	...	...	17.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,255	...	...	13.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,315	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	112,410	54,830	57,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	87,145	42,985	44,160	77.5	78.4	76.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	54,150	27,020	27,130	48.2	49.3	47.1
Parents in one-parent families	5,570	1,310	4,255	5.0	2.4	7.4
Children⁶	27,430	14,650	12,775	24.4	26.7	22.2
In a two-parent family	19,220	10,215	9,005	17.1	18.6	15.6
In a one-parent family	8,205	4,435	3,770	7.3	8.1	6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25,265	11,850	13,415	22.5	21.6	23.3
Living alone	14,845	6,415	8,430	13.2	11.7	14.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,815	1,215	1,600	2.5	2.2	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	7,600	4,215	3,385	6.8	7.7	5.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,840	...	...	56.4	...	...
Couple-family households	23,705	...	...	48.0	...	...
With children⁶	9,410	...	...	19.1	...	...
Without children	14,295	...	...	29.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,130	...	...	8.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,185	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	395	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,260	...	...	4.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,830	...	...	5.7	...	...
One-person households	14,845	...	...	30.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	96,050	46,405	49,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,700	45,215	48,485	97.6	97.4	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	36,400	40,000	44,800	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,765	45,250	48,510	97.6	97.5	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,800	33,600	36,800	40,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,770	40,865	42,905	87.2	88.1	86.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	39,200	27,000	32,400	39,200	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,185	31,735	31,455	65.8	68.4	63.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,800	30,000	34,800	40,800	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,225	36,925	43,300	83.5	79.6	87.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	11,400	12,400	12,000	11,400	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,925	4,255	4,670	9.3	9.2	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,920	11,675	13,245	25.9	25.2	26.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	96,045	46,400	49,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,675	45,220	48,455	97.5	97.5	97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,240	55,700	43,240	49,240	55,700	43,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,740	45,250	48,495	97.6	97.5	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,640	47,320	38,240	42,640	47,320	38,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,655	40,705	42,950	87.1	87.7	86.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,440	51,300	36,000	43,440	51,300	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,185	31,725	31,460	65.8	68.4	63.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	50,840	37,120	44,000	50,840	37,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,265	36,905	43,360	83.6	79.5	87.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,180	11,630	12,650	12,180	11,630	12,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,795	4,195	4,600	9.2	9.0	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,440	6,140	6,700	6,440	6,140	6,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,880	11,565	13,315	25.9	24.9	26.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,870	8,700	9,020	8,870	8,700	9,020
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	96,050	46,400	49,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,405	14,985	12,415	28.5	32.3	25.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	65,500	53,600	59,600	65,500	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,700	73,100	58,950	66,700	73,100	58,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,165	12,525	14,635	28.3	27.0	29.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	22,200	17,200	19,200	22,200	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,440	35,000	24,720	29,440	35,000	24,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.8	83.0	73.8	78.8	83.0	73.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.3	64.0	55.8	60.3	64.0	55.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.2	17.0	26.2	21.2	17.0	26.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.0	4.9	7.4	6.0	4.9	7.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	4.0	5.7	4.8	4.0	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	96,045	46,405	49,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,350	1,190	1,160	2.4	2.6	2.3
With total income	93,700	45,215	48,485	97.6	97.4	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,200	3,225	3,975	7.7	7.1	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	11,035	4,525	6,515	11.8	10.0	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	15,230	6,385	8,845	16.3	14.1	18.2
$30,000 to $39,999	13,295	5,805	7,495	14.2	12.8	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	11,620	5,285	6,340	12.4	11.7	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,990	4,245	4,740	9.6	9.4	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,730	3,555	3,180	7.2	7.9	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,980	2,810	2,170	5.3	6.2	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,790	2,195	1,595	4.0	4.9	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,810	1,695	1,120	3.0	3.7	2.3
$100,000 and over	8,000	5,495	2,510	8.5	12.2	5.2
$100,000 to $149,999	5,750	3,820	1,930	6.1	8.4	4.0
$150,000 and over	2,255	1,670	585	2.4	3.7	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	96,045	46,405	49,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,290	1,150	1,135	2.4	2.5	2.3
With after-tax income	93,760	45,250	48,510	97.6	97.5	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,595	3,360	4,235	8.1	7.4	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	11,450	4,665	6,785	12.2	10.3	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	17,315	7,355	9,955	18.5	16.3	20.5
$30,000 to $39,999	15,255	6,825	8,435	16.3	15.1	17.4
$40,000 to $49,999	12,910	6,015	6,895	13.8	13.3	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	9,140	4,615	4,520	9.7	10.2	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	6,410	3,615	2,795	6.8	8.0	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,495	2,655	1,835	4.8	5.9	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,145	1,915	1,235	3.4	4.2	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,970	1,275	695	2.1	2.8	1.4
$100,000 and over	4,085	2,950	1,135	4.4	6.5	2.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,280	1,615	670	2.4	3.6	1.4
$125,000 and over	1,805	1,340	460	1.9	3.0	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	96,045	46,405	49,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	32,860	14,665	18,190	34.2	31.6	36.6
With employment income	63,190	31,735	31,450	65.8	68.4	63.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,175	4,270	4,910	14.5	13.5	15.6
$5,000 to $9,999	5,160	2,230	2,925	8.2	7.0	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	7,635	3,330	4,300	12.1	10.5	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	6,440	2,865	3,575	10.2	9.0	11.4
$30,000 to $39,999	6,365	2,905	3,465	10.1	9.2	11.0
$40,000 to $49,999	5,800	2,765	3,035	9.2	8.7	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	5,100	2,465	2,635	8.1	7.8	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	4,010	2,200	1,815	6.3	6.9	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,255	1,920	1,335	5.2	6.1	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,585	1,510	1,075	4.1	4.8	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,110	1,265	845	3.3	4.0	2.7
$100,000 and over	5,545	4,010	1,540	8.8	12.6	4.9
$100,000 to $124,999	2,960	2,000	960	4.7	6.3	3.1
$125,000 and over	2,590	2,010	575	4.1	6.3	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	96,050	46,405	49,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,425	43,965	47,460	95.2	94.7	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	43,600	32,800	37,600	43,600	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,575	44,000	47,570	95.3	94.8	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,800	30,000	34,000	38,800	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,130	40,450	42,680	86.5	87.2	86.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,400	28,200	33,600	40,400	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,380	33,025	33,355	69.1	71.2	67.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,000	28,800	33,600	40,000	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,465	28,950	37,515	69.2	62.4	75.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	9,000	8,700	8,800	9,000	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,645	3,150	3,495	6.9	6.8	7.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	5,080	5,520	5,240	5,080	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	96,045	46,400	49,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,480	44,025	47,455	95.2	94.9	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,440	55,400	40,040	47,440	55,400	40,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,620	44,050	47,565	95.4	94.9	95.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,440	46,280	35,040	40,440	46,280	35,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,955	40,290	42,665	86.4	86.8	85.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,600	53,700	36,000	44,600	53,700	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,475	33,090	33,385	69.2	71.3	67.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,080	51,040	35,240	43,080	51,040	35,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,470	28,990	37,480	69.2	62.5	75.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,630	9,500	9,720	9,630	9,500	9,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,670	3,075	3,595	6.9	6.6	7.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,770	6,210	7,260	6,770	6,210	7,260
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	96,050	46,400	49,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,310	14,935	12,375	28.4	32.2	24.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	62,800	50,000	56,000	62,800	50,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,250	70,800	54,150	63,250	70,800	54,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,935	11,945	13,995	27.0	25.7	28.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	29,400	22,200	24,800	29,400	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,120	42,760	28,600	35,120	42,760	28,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.2	88.8	80.8	85.2	88.8	80.8
Employment income (%)	66.0	69.2	61.9	66.0	69.2	61.9
Government transfers (%)	14.8	11.3	19.2	14.8	11.3	19.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.4	1.0	0.8	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,350	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,500	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	49,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,500	...	...	93,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,600	...	...	48,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,480	...	...	42,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,800	...	...	112,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,500	...	...	97,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	485	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	415	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,050	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,160	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,680	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,795	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,030	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,185	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,220	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,055	...	...	8.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,875	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,430	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,160	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,850	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,730	...	...	35.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,710	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,045	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,610	...	...	9.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,360	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	555	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	235	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	430	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,090	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,265	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,930	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,055	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,430	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,525	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,360	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,640	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,240	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,910	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,455	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,100	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,135	...	...	28.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,575	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,645	...	...	7.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,920	...	...	10.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,325	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,990	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,990	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,190	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	22,450	10,635	11,815	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	37,600	35,600	36,800	37,600	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	34,400	33,600	34,000	34,400	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,330	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,900	...	...	111,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,400	...	...	96,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,970	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,500	...	...	101,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,600	...	...	87,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,200	...	...	121,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,210	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,300	...	...	76,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	22,490	10,595	11,900	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,320	46,200	42,640	44,320	46,200	42,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,040	40,280	37,960	39,040	40,280	37,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	112,410	54,835	57,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,660	10,145	9,515	17.5	18.5	16.5
0 to 5 years	5,770	2,975	2,795	5.1	5.4	4.9
18 to 64 years	66,675	32,510	34,165	59.3	59.3	59.3
65 years and over	26,075	12,175	13,895	23.2	22.2	24.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,045	5,505	6,545	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,420	1,260	1,160	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	730	380	350	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,305	2,950	3,355	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,320	1,295	2,025	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.7	10.0	11.4	10.7	10.0	11.4
0 to 17 years (%)	12.3	12.4	12.2	12.3	12.4	12.2
0 to 5 years (%)	12.7	12.8	12.6	12.7	12.8	12.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	9.1	9.8	9.5	9.1	9.8
65 years and over (%)	12.7	10.6	14.6	12.7	10.6	14.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	111,460	54,375	57,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,405	10,020	9,385	17.4	18.4	16.4
0 to 5 years	5,690	2,940	2,755	5.1	5.4	4.8
18 to 64 years	66,100	32,235	33,860	59.3	59.3	59.3
65 years and over	25,955	12,120	13,835	23.3	22.3	24.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,985	2,595	2,390	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	795	410	385	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	205	115	95	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,685	1,970	1,715	...	...	...
65 years and over	510	220	290	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.5	4.8	4.2	4.5	4.8	4.2
0 to 17 years (%)	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.6	3.8	3.5	3.6	3.8	3.5
18 to 64 years (%)	5.6	6.1	5.1	5.6	6.1	5.1
65 years and over (%)	2.0	1.8	2.1	2.0	1.8	2.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	112,410	54,835	57,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	58,925	27,960	30,970	52.4	51.0	53.8
In bottom decile	11,940	5,720	6,220	10.6	10.4	10.8
In second decile	12,110	5,555	6,560	10.8	10.1	11.4
In third decile	11,765	5,545	6,225	10.5	10.1	10.8
In fourth decile	11,380	5,480	5,900	10.1	10.0	10.2
In fifth decile	11,735	5,670	6,070	10.4	10.3	10.5
In top half of the distribution	53,480	26,875	26,610	47.6	49.0	46.2
In sixth decile	11,440	5,645	5,790	10.2	10.3	10.1
In seventh decile	11,000	5,445	5,555	9.8	9.9	9.6
In eighth decile	11,255	5,680	5,575	10.0	10.4	9.7
In ninth decile	10,700	5,430	5,270	9.5	9.9	9.2
In top decile	9,090	4,670	4,420	8.1	8.5	7.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	112,410	...	...	112,410	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.307	...	...	0.307	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.429	...	...	0.429	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.274	...	...	0.274	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	114,005	55,610	58,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	105,740	51,985	53,750	92.8	93.5	92.0
French only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	7,525	3,290	4,235	6.6	5.9	7.3
Neither English nor French	705	315	390	0.6	0.6	0.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	114,005	55,610	58,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	111,885	54,615	57,270	98.1	98.2	98.1
French	1,280	615	660	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	170	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	665	295	375	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	114,005	55,610	58,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	111,925	54,665	57,260	98.2	98.3	98.1
Official languages	100,140	49,270	50,870	87.8	88.6	87.1
English	98,785	48,615	50,170	86.6	87.4	85.9
French	1,350	655	695	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-official languages	11,785	5,395	6,395	10.3	9.7	11.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,745	5,380	6,370	10.3	9.7	10.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	520	285	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	495	275	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Amharic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	450	250	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	615	275	340	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	555	245	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	930	350	580	0.8	0.6	1.0
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	725	270	450	0.6	0.5	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,135	2,900	3,235	5.4	5.2	5.5
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,065	480	590	0.9	0.9	1.0
Baltic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,055	475	585	0.9	0.9	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	255	100	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	270	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	210	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,995	910	1,080	1.7	1.6	1.8
Frisian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,040	475	570	0.9	0.9	1.0
German	1,010	455	560	0.9	0.8	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	645	305	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	500	240	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	300	135	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	165	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Swedish	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,930	990	940	1.7	1.8	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,715	885	830	1.5	1.6	1.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	245	145	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,185	595	595	1.0	1.1	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	210	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,035	460	580	0.9	0.8	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	205	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	620	265	355	0.5	0.5	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	265	75	195	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	530	250	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,090	960	1,135	1.8	1.7	1.9
Chinese languages	2,085	955	1,135	1.8	1.7	1.9
Hakka	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,580	720	855	1.4	1.3	1.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	425	200	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	85	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	80	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	245	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,075	940	1,135	1.8	1.7	1.9
English and French	480	220	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,335	625	715	1.2	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	185	70	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	114,005	55,610	58,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	101,975	50,010	51,965	89.4	89.9	89.0
French	215	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	2,720	1,320	1,405	2.4	2.4	2.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,725	1,320	1,405	2.4	2.4	2.4
English and French	1,070	475	595	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	7,575	3,500	4,075	6.6	6.3	7.0
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	285	125	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	114,005	55,610	58,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	112,470	54,895	57,570	98.7	98.7	98.6
Official languages	107,230	52,365	54,865	94.1	94.2	94.0
English	106,905	52,210	54,700	93.8	93.9	93.7
French	325	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	5,240	2,530	2,710	4.6	4.5	4.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,235	2,530	2,705	4.6	4.5	4.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	315	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	300	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	285	140	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	380	175	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	345	160	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	415	205	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	325	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,950	940	1,010	1.7	1.7	1.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	325	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	325	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,085	535	550	1.0	1.0	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	985	495	490	0.9	0.9	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	740	370	375	0.6	0.7	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	305	130	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	425	205	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,440	695	745	1.3	1.2	1.3
Chinese languages	1,440	695	745	1.3	1.2	1.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,170	565	600	1.0	1.0	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	230	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,535	710	825	1.3	1.3	1.4
English and French	150	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,325	625	705	1.2	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	114,005	55,610	58,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	106,180	52,030	54,150	93.1	93.6	92.7
English	2,200	1,045	1,155	1.9	1.9	2.0
French	865	380	490	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	3,835	1,725	2,110	3.4	3.1	3.6
Indigenous³⁹	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	3,755	1,690	2,070	3.3	3.0	3.5
English and French	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	280	150	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	440	185	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	112,410	54,830	57,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	111,680	54,500	57,180	99.4	99.4	99.3
English	111,660	54,485	57,175	99.3	99.4	99.3
French	7,505	3,280	4,230	6.7	6.0	7.3
Non-official languages	17,020	7,780	9,240	15.1	14.2	16.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	265	110	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,760	7,665	9,095	14.9	14.0	15.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	660	340	315	0.6	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	615	325	290	0.5	0.6	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	515	255	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	100	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	735	315	415	0.7	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	645	285	360	0.6	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,355	540	815	1.2	1.0	1.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hiligaynon	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,155	460	695	1.0	0.8	1.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,775	4,615	5,160	8.7	8.4	9.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,375	625	750	1.2	1.1	1.3
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,365	620	745	1.2	1.1	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	295	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	440	215	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	310	135	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	200	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Irish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,970	1,320	1,650	2.6	2.4	2.9
Frisian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,690	770	915	1.5	1.4	1.6
German	1,670	760	910	1.5	1.4	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	950	425	515	0.8	0.8	0.9
Afrikaans	275	150	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dutch	670	285	385	0.6	0.5	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	485	175	300	0.4	0.3	0.5
Danish	240	80	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,800	1,405	1,400	2.5	2.6	2.4
Indo-Aryan languages	2,480	1,255	1,230	2.2	2.3	2.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	155	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	1,245	655	590	1.1	1.2	1.0
Kacchi	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,675	815	855	1.5	1.5	1.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	320	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	320	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	265	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,885	1,345	1,540	2.6	2.5	2.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	480	255	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Portuguese	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,290	1,035	1,260	2.0	1.9	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	560	180	375	0.5	0.3	0.7
Korean	665	300	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	300	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	220	65	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	185	45	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,440	1,135	1,305	2.2	2.1	2.3
Chinese languages	2,435	1,135	1,300	2.2	2.1	2.3
Hakka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,930	890	1,040	1.7	1.6	1.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	645	315	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	140	30	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	140	30	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	305	140	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	215	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,410	54,830	57,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,815	4,565	5,250	8.7	8.3	9.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	9,400	4,370	5,030	8.4	8.0	8.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,715	2,625	3,090	5.1	4.8	5.4
Métis	3,615	1,705	1,910	3.2	3.1	3.3
Inuk (Inuit)	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	175	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	102,590	50,265	52,325	91.3	91.7	90.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,410	54,830	57,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,200	2,030	2,175	3.7	3.7	3.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	108,205	52,805	55,400	96.3	96.3	96.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	49,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	33,855	...	...	68.6	...	...
Renter	15,295	...	...	31.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	200	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	49,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,030	...	...	14.2	...	...
Not condominium	42,315	...	...	85.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	49,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	345	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	6,190	...	...	12.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,080	...	...	28.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,675	...	...	31.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,060	...	...	26.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	49,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,360	...	...	29.1	...	...
5 rooms	8,210	...	...	16.6	...	...
6 rooms	7,005	...	...	14.2	...	...
7 rooms	5,620	...	...	11.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,155	...	...	28.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	49,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	48,815	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	530	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	49,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	47,655	...	...	96.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,695	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	49,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,245	...	...	12.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,305	...	...	27.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,320	...	...	14.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,925	...	...	18.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,570	...	...	5.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,570	...	...	7.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,080	...	...	6.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,335	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	49,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	46,575	...	...	94.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,775	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	49,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,845	...	...	48.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,665	...	...	45.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,840	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	49,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,625	...	...	3.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,070	...	...	12.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,615	...	...	15.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,585	...	...	15.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,655	...	...	19.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,680	...	...	19.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,405	...	...	11.0	...	...
85 years and over	1,720	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	48,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	37,355	...	...	76.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,415	...	...	23.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,350	...	...	21.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	49,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,790	...	...	30.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,475	...	...	21.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,255	...	...	2.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,980	...	...	4.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	285	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	635	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	34,560	...	...	70.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	47,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,345	...	...	11.2	...	...
Not in core need	42,360	...	...	88.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,635	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.0	...	...	58.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.9	...	...	15.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,150	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,384	...	...	1,384	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	656,000	...	...	656,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,275	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.6	...	...	9.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.9	...	...	39.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.7	...	...	23.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,250	...	...	1,250	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,326	...	...	1,326	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	200	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	384	...	...	384	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	452	...	...	452	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	112,405	54,835	57,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,925	1,890	2,035	3.5	3.4	3.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,845	1,855	1,995	3.4	3.4	3.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,110	1,460	1,650	2.8	2.7	2.9
Métis single ancestry	710	370	335	0.6	0.7	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,640	2,955	3,690	5.9	5.4	6.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,405	2,840	3,560	5.7	5.2	6.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,155	1,820	2,340	3.7	3.3	4.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,185	980	1,200	1.9	1.8	2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	240	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	240	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	101,840	49,990	51,850	90.6	91.2	90.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	112,410	54,830	57,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	106,055	51,880	54,170	94.3	94.6	94.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,015	9,865	9,155	16.9	18.0	15.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	87,035	42,015	45,020	77.4	76.6	78.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,355	2,950	3,405	5.7	5.4	5.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	112,410	54,830	57,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	93,330	45,930	47,400	83.0	83.8	82.3
Immigrants⁸¹	17,195	7,995	9,200	15.3	14.6	16.0
Before 1980	6,480	3,120	3,360	5.8	5.7	5.8
1980 to 1990	1,950	880	1,065	1.7	1.6	1.8
1991 to 2000	1,940	820	1,115	1.7	1.5	1.9
2001 to 2010	2,845	1,350	1,490	2.5	2.5	2.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,980	1,820	2,165	3.5	3.3	3.8
2011 to 2015	1,625	740	885	1.4	1.3	1.5
2016 to 2021	2,355	1,075	1,275	2.1	2.0	2.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,885	905	975	1.7	1.7	1.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	17,195	7,995	9,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,940	970	965	11.3	12.1	10.5
5 to 14 years	3,305	1,585	1,715	19.2	19.8	18.6
15 to 24 years	3,260	1,430	1,835	19.0	17.9	19.9
25 to 44 years	7,060	3,290	3,770	41.1	41.2	41.0
45 years and over	1,630	715	915	9.5	8.9	9.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	17,195	7,995	9,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,175	950	1,225	12.6	11.9	13.3
Brazil	55	20	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Colombia	80	35	45	0.5	0.4	0.5
El Salvador	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyana	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexico	170	70	95	1.0	0.9	1.0
Peru	40	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
United States of America	1,370	625	750	8.0	7.8	8.2
Other places of birth in Americas	305	130	170	1.8	1.6	1.8
Europe	7,660	3,785	3,880	44.5	47.3	42.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	10	30	0.3	0.1	0.3
Croatia	140	70	70	0.8	0.9	0.8
France	115	65	55	0.7	0.8	0.6
Germany	780	400	385	4.5	5.0	4.2
Greece	45	35	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Hungary	150	75	75	0.9	0.9	0.8
Italy	150	95	60	0.9	1.2	0.7
Netherlands	540	260	280	3.1	3.3	3.0
Poland	265	145	120	1.5	1.8	1.3
Portugal	80	50	25	0.5	0.6	0.3
Romania	45	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian Federation	125	60	65	0.7	0.8	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ukraine	90	50	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,030	1,980	2,045	23.4	24.8	22.2
Other places of birth in Europe	1,050	455	595	6.1	5.7	6.5
Africa	815	395	420	4.7	4.9	4.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egypt	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	155	70	80	0.9	0.9	0.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	345	180	160	2.0	2.3	1.7
Other places of birth in Africa	235	105	135	1.4	1.3	1.5
Asia	6,160	2,680	3,485	35.8	33.5	37.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	235	130	110	1.4	1.6	1.2
Iraq	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	230	120	110	1.3	1.5	1.2
Turkey	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,335	580	760	7.8	7.3	8.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	180	85	95	1.0	1.1	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	475	195	280	2.8	2.4	3.0
Taiwan	135	45	95	0.8	0.6	1.0
Philippines	1,070	430	635	6.2	5.4	6.9
Viet Nam	485	210	270	2.8	2.6	2.9
Bangladesh	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
India	1,115	555	560	6.5	6.9	6.1
Pakistan	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sri Lanka	55	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	735	245	495	4.3	3.1	5.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	375	180	200	2.2	2.3	2.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,355	1,075	1,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	235	105	125	10.0	9.8	9.8
Brazil	30	10	20	1.3	0.9	1.6
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	10	25	1.3	0.9	2.0
United States of America	130	70	65	5.5	6.5	5.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	20	10	1.5	1.9	0.8
Europe	315	155	165	13.4	14.4	12.9
France	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.2
Germany	15	10	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	40	20	25	1.7	1.9	2.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	115	60	60	4.9	5.6	4.7
Other places of birth in Europe	110	55	55	4.7	5.1	4.3
Africa	265	135	135	11.3	12.6	10.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	125	55	65	5.3	5.1	5.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	0	1.1	1.4	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	85	40	45	3.6	3.7	3.5
Asia	1,480	660	825	62.8	61.4	64.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
China⁹⁰	420	185	235	17.8	17.2	18.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
India	310	170	140	13.2	15.8	11.0
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	10	1.1	0.9	0.8
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	30	0	25	1.3	0.0	2.0
Jordan	15	10	10	0.6	0.9	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	90	30	65	3.8	2.8	5.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	225	85	140	9.6	7.9	11.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	210	110	95	8.9	10.2	7.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	40	10	25	1.7	0.9	2.0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	20	45	2.8	1.9	3.5
Oceania and other⁹³	60	30	35	2.5	2.8	2.7
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	50	25	30	2.1	2.3	2.4
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	112,410	54,830	57,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	20,430	9,545	10,890	18.2	17.4	18.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	21,200	10,180	11,015	18.9	18.6	19.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	70,780	35,105	35,680	63.0	64.0	62.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,715	4,870	5,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,930	2,880	3,055	55.3	59.1	52.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,560	1,475	1,090	23.9	30.3	18.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,370	1,400	1,965	31.5	28.7	33.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,665	1,450	2,215	34.2	29.8	37.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,070	525	545	10.0	10.8	9.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,715	4,870	5,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	200	100	105	1.9	2.1	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,630	735	900	15.2	15.1	15.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	400	175	225	3.7	3.6	3.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	965	460	505	9.0	9.4	8.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	70	20	50	0.7	0.4	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,450	3,385	4,065	69.5	69.5	69.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	112,410	54,830	57,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	13,880	6,470	7,410	12.3	11.8	12.9
South Asian	3,175	1,610	1,565	2.8	2.9	2.7
Chinese	2,985	1,390	1,595	2.7	2.5	2.8
Black	1,270	590	680	1.1	1.1	1.2
Filipino	1,565	680	880	1.4	1.2	1.5
Arab	430	225	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latin American	735	330	405	0.7	0.6	0.7
Southeast Asian	1,255	540	715	1.1	1.0	1.2
West Asian	320	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	730	325	400	0.6	0.6	0.7
Japanese	725	280	455	0.6	0.5	0.8
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	225	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	470	235	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	98,530	48,360	50,165	87.7	88.2	87.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	112,410	54,830	57,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,540	7,465	7,075	12.9	13.6	12.3
English	35,195	16,940	18,250	31.3	30.9	31.7
Irish	19,225	9,235	9,985	17.1	16.8	17.3
Scottish	25,460	12,325	13,130	22.6	22.5	22.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,700	4,495	5,210	8.6	8.2	9.0
German	15,040	7,185	7,855	13.4	13.1	13.6
Chinese	3,320	1,575	1,745	3.0	2.9	3.0
Italian	3,975	2,000	1,980	3.5	3.6	3.4
Indian (India)	1,975	995	975	1.8	1.8	1.7
Ukrainian	5,710	2,730	2,980	5.1	5.0	5.2
Dutch	5,425	2,640	2,780	4.8	4.8	4.8
Polish	3,360	1,560	1,805	3.0	2.8	3.1
Québécois	150	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,840	2,760	3,080	5.2	5.0	5.3
Filipino	1,550	675	875	1.4	1.2	1.5
French Canadian	1,205	595	610	1.1	1.1	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,385	1,175	1,210	2.1	2.1	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,495	1,510	1,985	3.1	2.8	3.4
Métis	3,185	1,490	1,700	2.8	2.7	3.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,005	1,530	1,475	2.7	2.8	2.6
Russian	2,435	1,120	1,315	2.2	2.0	2.3
Norwegian	4,250	2,030	2,220	3.8	3.7	3.9
Welsh	3,820	1,870	1,950	3.4	3.4	3.4
Portuguese	505	215	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
American	2,055	1,030	1,030	1.8	1.9	1.8
Spanish	1,135	525	610	1.0	1.0	1.1
Swedish	3,130	1,465	1,670	2.8	2.7	2.9
Hungarian	1,605	785	820	1.4	1.4	1.4
Acadian	285	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	300	160	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jewish	560	245	310	0.5	0.4	0.5
Punjabi	530	255	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Vietnamese	850	400	455	0.8	0.7	0.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	410	205	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	240	140	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	355	120	235	0.3	0.2	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	750	305	450	0.7	0.6	0.8
Korean	725	335	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
Romanian	620	280	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Lebanese	180	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	300	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	260	140	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Danish	1,905	890	1,015	1.7	1.6	1.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	785	420	360	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sikh	380	200	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Austrian	1,330	605	725	1.2	1.1	1.3
Belgian	850	405	445	0.8	0.7	0.8
Haitian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	385	165	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mennonite	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swiss	635	365	270	0.6	0.7	0.5
Finnish	1,180	560	625	1.0	1.0	1.1
Sri Lankan	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	555	265	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	890	340	545	0.8	0.6	0.9
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	185	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	910	430	480	0.8	0.8	0.8
Muslim	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	125	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	930	445	485	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombian	95	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	610	275	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Syrian	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	205	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	155	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hong Konger	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	95	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algerian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	55	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	200	70	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	300	135	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	45	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	315	175	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australian	430	220	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Palestinian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chilean	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Congolese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	290	175	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
New Brunswicker	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	85	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	120	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albertan	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	50	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	140	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	170	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Columbian	540	280	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	170	45	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	165	105	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Buddhist	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cape Bretoner	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azorean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	112,410	54,830	57,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	715	250	460	0.6	0.5	0.8
Christian	35,455	15,590	19,865	31.5	28.4	34.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,600	3,970	4,630	7.7	7.2	8.0
Anabaptist	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	4,170	1,710	2,465	3.7	3.1	4.3
Baptist	1,350	600	750	1.2	1.1	1.3
Catholic	10,290	4,665	5,625	9.2	8.5	9.8
Christian Orthodox	325	170	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	940	420	520	0.8	0.8	0.9
Latter Day Saints	325	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lutheran	1,290	515	775	1.1	0.9	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,050	435	610	0.9	0.8	1.1
Presbyterian	795	330	465	0.7	0.6	0.8
Reformed	145	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
United Church	4,120	1,640	2,480	3.7	3.0	4.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,710	745	965	1.5	1.4	1.7
Hindu	805	410	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jewish	265	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	1,000	465	535	0.9	0.8	0.9
Sikh	1,360	660	700	1.2	1.2	1.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	640	305	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,525	590	935	1.4	1.1	1.6
No religion and secular perspectives	70,660	36,425	34,235	62.9	66.4	59.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	111,630	54,460	57,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	94,920	46,315	48,605	85.0	85.0	85.0
Movers	16,705	8,140	8,570	15.0	14.9	15.0
Non-migrants	10,045	4,935	5,115	9.0	9.1	8.9
Migrants	6,665	3,205	3,460	6.0	5.9	6.1
Internal migrants	5,995	2,900	3,095	5.4	5.3	5.4
Intraprovincial migrants	4,295	2,095	2,200	3.8	3.8	3.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,705	805	900	1.5	1.5	1.6
External migrants	665	305	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	107,805	52,510	55,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	57,325	27,880	29,445	53.2	53.1	53.3
Movers	50,475	24,625	25,850	46.8	46.9	46.7
Non-migrants	21,405	10,355	11,055	19.9	19.7	20.0
Migrants	29,065	14,275	14,800	27.0	27.2	26.8
Internal migrants	25,705	12,640	13,060	23.8	24.1	23.6
Intraprovincial migrants	19,260	9,380	9,885	17.9	17.9	17.9
Interprovincial migrants	6,440	3,265	3,180	6.0	6.2	5.8
External migrants	3,365	1,630	1,735	3.1	3.1	3.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	96,050	46,400	49,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,800	8,855	6,945	16.4	19.1	14.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	80,250	37,545	42,700	83.6	80.9	86.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,280	28,155	30,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,460	3,870	2,590	11.1	13.7	8.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	51,820	24,285	27,540	88.9	86.3	91.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	96,050	46,405	49,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,200	7,215	5,990	13.7	15.5	12.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	29,585	14,225	15,360	30.8	30.7	30.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,260	24,960	28,295	55.5	53.8	57.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,590	15,420	16,170	32.9	33.2	32.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,405	6,875	2,535	9.8	14.8	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,790	2,095	1,690	3.9	4.5	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,620	4,770	840	5.9	10.3	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,505	6,890	10,620	18.2	14.8	21.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,680	1,665	3,020	4.9	3.6	6.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,670	9,535	12,130	22.6	20.5	24.4
Bachelor's degree	13,625	5,865	7,760	14.2	12.6	15.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,585	745	845	1.7	1.6	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	705	415	290	0.7	0.9	0.6
Master's degree	4,920	2,090	2,825	5.1	4.5	5.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	830	425	410	0.9	0.9	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,275	28,150	30,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,175	3,130	2,045	8.9	11.1	6.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,360	8,455	7,910	28.1	30.0	26.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,745	16,570	20,180	63.1	58.9	67.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,790	9,895	10,890	35.7	35.2	36.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,895	4,255	1,640	10.1	15.1	5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,405	1,320	1,090	4.1	4.7	3.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,490	2,940	555	6.0	10.4	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,645	4,550	7,100	20.0	16.2	23.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,240	1,090	2,155	5.6	3.9	7.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,960	6,675	9,285	27.4	23.7	30.8
Bachelor's degree	10,140	4,200	5,940	17.4	14.9	19.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,190	540	645	2.0	1.9	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	520	270	255	0.9	1.0	0.8
Master's degree	3,575	1,440	2,135	6.1	5.1	7.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	530	225	300	0.9	0.8	1.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	96,050	46,405	49,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,790	21,440	21,350	44.5	46.2	43.0
Education	4,135	1,120	3,015	4.3	2.4	6.1
13. Education	4,135	1,120	3,015	4.3	2.4	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,965	810	1,160	2.0	1.7	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	170	120	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,800	690	1,110	1.9	1.5	2.2
Humanities	2,375	995	1,380	2.5	2.1	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	185	50	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	750	280	475	0.8	0.6	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	615	190	425	0.6	0.4	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	170	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	235	125	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	305	210	95	0.3	0.5	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,545	1,955	3,590	5.8	4.2	7.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	145	25	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	475	200	275	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,045	140	905	1.1	0.3	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	735	250	485	0.8	0.5	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	45	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,075	340	730	1.1	0.7	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,925	955	965	2.0	2.1	1.9
Business, management and public administration	10,230	3,710	6,520	10.7	8.0	13.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	950	190	760	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,260	3,520	5,745	9.6	7.6	11.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,930	1,000	925	2.0	2.2	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,030	505	525	1.1	1.1	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	325	180	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	450	275	170	0.5	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,540	1,015	525	1.6	2.2	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,160	860	300	1.2	1.9	0.6
25. Library science	160	25	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	205	125	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,185	9,465	720	10.6	20.4	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	245	150	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,555	1,330	230	1.6	2.9	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,960	1,765	195	2.0	3.8	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,970	2,870	100	3.1	6.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,235	2,165	70	2.3	4.7	0.1
48. Precision production	1,220	1,185	35	1.3	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,690	1,050	635	1.8	2.3	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	840	410	435	0.9	0.9	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	850	645	205	0.9	1.4	0.4
Health and related fields	9,780	1,850	7,930	10.2	4.0	16.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	625	305	320	0.7	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,890	1,375	7,510	9.3	3.0	15.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	230	160	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,870	1,995	1,880	4.0	4.3	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,460	780	1,680	2.6	1.7	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	370	245	120	0.4	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	990	910	80	1.0	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	58,280	28,150	30,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,530	11,580	9,950	36.9	41.1	33.0
Education	2,475	640	1,830	4.2	2.3	6.1
13. Education	2,475	640	1,830	4.2	2.3	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,540	630	905	2.6	2.2	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	80	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,425	550	875	2.4	2.0	2.9
Humanities	1,590	655	935	2.7	2.3	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110	30	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	490	170	320	0.8	0.6	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	450	145	300	0.8	0.5	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	80	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	210	140	70	0.4	0.5	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,150	1,335	2,815	7.1	4.7	9.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	130	20	110	0.2	0.1	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	375	140	240	0.6	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	825	110	715	1.4	0.4	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	495	140	350	0.8	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	130	35	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	740	215	520	1.3	0.8	1.7
45. Social sciences	1,450	665	785	2.5	2.4	2.6
Business, management and public administration	7,205	2,630	4,565	12.4	9.3	15.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	665	120	545	1.1	0.4	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,530	2,515	4,015	11.2	8.9	13.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,345	635	710	2.3	2.3	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	740	330	405	1.3	1.2	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	225	115	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	310	160	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,125	780	340	1.9	2.8	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	930	715	215	1.6	2.5	0.7
25. Library science	85	15	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,545	5,950	590	11.2	21.1	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	180	100	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	1,035	850	190	1.8	3.0	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,205	1,055	145	2.1	3.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,015	1,920	90	3.5	6.8	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,360	1,305	55	2.3	4.6	0.2
48. Precision production	750	725	30	1.3	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,230	680	545	2.1	2.4	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	620	260	365	1.1	0.9	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	610	425	185	1.0	1.5	0.6
Health and related fields	6,915	1,355	5,560	11.9	4.8	18.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	430	205	225	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,300	1,065	5,240	10.8	3.8	17.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	145	85	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,640	1,275	1,370	4.5	4.5	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,710	500	1,210	2.9	1.8	4.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	245	145	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	655	590	60	1.1	2.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	58,280	28,150	30,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,530	11,580	9,950	36.9	41.1	33.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	36,745	16,565	20,180	63.0	58.8	67.0
Location of study inside Canada	32,175	14,470	17,700	55.2	51.4	58.8
Same as province or territory of residence	24,935	11,095	13,840	42.8	39.4	45.9
Different than province or territory of residence	7,235	3,375	3,860	12.4	12.0	12.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,575	2,100	2,480	7.9	7.5	8.2
Americas	975	485	490	1.7	1.7	1.6
United States of America	810	425	390	1.4	1.5	1.3
Mexico	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	1,150	610	540	2.0	2.2	1.8
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germany	70	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	620	340	275	1.1	1.2	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	140	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	220	115	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	140	75	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	2,080	790	1,290	3.6	2.8	4.3
Iran⁸⁸	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	570	210	355	1.0	0.7	1.2
Taiwan	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	105	10	95	0.2	0.0	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	170	75	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Philippines	485	190	295	0.8	0.7	1.0
Viet Nam	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	390	165	225	0.7	0.6	0.7
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	145	95	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	95	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	45	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	96,045	46,405	49,645	...	...	...
In the labour force	57,645	29,325	28,325	...	...	...
Employed	52,855	26,860	25,995	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,790	2,465	2,325	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	38,400	17,080	21,320	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.0	63.2	57.1	60.0	63.2	57.1
Employment rate	55.0	57.9	52.4	55.0	57.9	52.4
Unemployment rate	8.3	8.4	8.2	8.3	8.4	8.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	96,050	46,405	49,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	38,425	17,110	21,310	40.0	36.9	42.9
Worked	57,625	29,290	28,335	60.0	63.1	57.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,310	15,585	12,725	29.5	33.6	25.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	29,315	13,705	15,610	30.5	29.5	31.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.5	40.4	41.0	41.5	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	57,650	29,325	28,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,175	590	580	2.0	2.0	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	56,475	28,730	27,745	98.0	98.0	98.0
Employee	46,675	23,090	23,580	81.0	78.7	83.2
Permanent position	39,385	19,750	19,630	68.3	67.3	69.3
Temporary position	7,290	3,340	3,945	12.6	11.4	13.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,845	800	1,050	3.2	2.7	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,445	2,545	2,900	9.4	8.7	10.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,805	5,635	4,165	17.0	19.2	14.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	57,650	29,325	28,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,175	590	580	2.0	2.0	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	56,475	28,730	27,745	98.0	98.0	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	490	315	175	0.8	1.1	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,105	2,035	6,070	14.1	6.9	21.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,580	2,655	925	6.2	9.1	3.3
3 Health occupations	5,530	1,215	4,315	9.6	4.1	15.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,800	2,230	4,570	11.8	7.6	16.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,765	785	980	3.1	2.7	3.5
6 Sales and service occupations	16,480	7,365	9,115	28.6	25.1	32.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,750	9,795	955	18.6	33.4	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,510	1,130	385	2.6	3.9	1.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,470	1,220	250	2.5	4.2	0.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	57,650	29,325	28,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,175	590	580	2.0	2.0	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	56,475	28,730	27,745	98.0	98.0	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,330	960	375	2.3	3.3	1.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	305	295	15	0.5	1.0	0.1
22 Utilities	260	235	25	0.5	0.8	0.1
23 Construction	5,585	4,785	805	9.7	16.3	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	2,155	1,660	490	3.7	5.7	1.7
41 Wholesale trade	1,255	915	335	2.2	3.1	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	7,920	3,910	4,010	13.7	13.3	14.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,100	2,375	725	5.4	8.1	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	1,025	615	410	1.8	2.1	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	1,785	670	1,125	3.1	2.3	4.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,180	585	590	2.0	2.0	2.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,600	1,945	1,655	6.2	6.6	5.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,780	1,520	1,265	4.8	5.2	4.5
61 Educational services	4,110	1,350	2,755	7.1	4.6	9.7
62 Health care and social assistance	9,145	1,965	7,175	15.9	6.7	25.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,000	465	540	1.7	1.6	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	4,345	1,960	2,385	7.5	6.7	8.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,610	1,130	1,485	4.5	3.9	5.2
91 Public administration	2,915	1,360	1,555	5.1	4.6	5.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	62,195	31,555	30,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	60,695	30,920	29,770	97.6	98.0	97.2
French	75	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	215	120	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	215	120	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and French	475	170	305	0.8	0.5	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	690	300	390	1.1	1.0	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	62,195	31,555	30,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	62,035	31,475	30,565	99.7	99.7	99.8
Official languages	61,715	31,310	30,410	99.2	99.2	99.3
English	61,540	31,270	30,265	98.9	99.1	98.8
French	180	35	145	0.3	0.1	0.5
Non-official languages	315	165	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	315	165	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	155	85	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	62,195	31,555	30,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	61,115	31,120	30,000	98.3	98.6	97.9
English	205	70	140	0.3	0.2	0.5
French	350	130	220	0.6	0.4	0.7
Non-official language	450	190	260	0.7	0.6	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	395	165	230	0.6	0.5	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	52,855	26,860	25,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,220	3,970	5,250	17.4	14.8	20.2
Worked outside Canada	60	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	9,280	6,950	2,335	17.6	25.9	9.0
Usual place of work	34,295	15,890	18,400	64.9	59.2	70.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,295	15,895	18,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,110	11,515	14,590	76.1	72.4	79.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,425	2,635	2,790	15.8	16.6	15.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,550	1,565	980	7.4	9.8	5.3
Commute to a different province or territory	210	175	35	0.6	1.1	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,575	22,845	20,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	38,150	20,020	18,130	87.6	87.6	87.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,565	18,880	16,685	81.6	82.6	80.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,585	1,140	1,440	5.9	5.0	6.9
Public transit	1,560	710	850	3.6	3.1	4.1
Walked	2,190	1,025	1,160	5.0	4.5	5.6
Bicycle	570	395	170	1.3	1.7	0.8
Other method	1,105	685	425	2.5	3.0	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,575	22,845	20,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	19,090	8,885	10,205	43.8	38.9	49.2
15 to 29 minutes	16,310	8,595	7,715	37.4	37.6	37.2
30 to 44 minutes	4,755	2,870	1,890	10.9	12.6	9.1
45 to 59 minutes	1,290	845	445	3.0	3.7	2.1
60 minutes and over	2,130	1,645	480	4.9	7.2	2.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,575	22,845	20,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,305	1,720	585	5.3	7.5	2.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,755	3,855	1,900	13.2	16.9	9.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,705	6,205	5,500	26.9	27.2	26.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,530	4,660	5,875	24.2	20.4	28.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,350	2,665	3,685	14.6	11.7	17.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,935	3,740	3,195	15.9	16.4	15.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,050	10,340	9,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,510	770	745	7.5	7.4	7.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,535	9,575	8,965	92.4	92.6	92.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,020	7,745	7,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,205	605	595	8.0	7.8	8.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	675	320	350	4.5	4.1	4.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	530	290	240	3.5	3.7	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,815	7,135	6,675	92.0	92.1	91.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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