Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
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Commuting
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Education
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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Income
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Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
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Income of individuals in 2020
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Indigenous peoples
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Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
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Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
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Work activity during the reference year
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GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic VictoriaMore information:
British Columbia
[Census metropolitan area]
 Remove		 Colwood, City (CY)More information:
British Columbia
[Census subdivision]
 Remove
Counts Rates Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 397,237 ... ... ... ... ... 18,961 ... ... ... ... ...
Population, 20161 367,770 ... ... ... ... ... 16,859 ... ... ... ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 8.0 ... ... 8.0 ... ... 12.5 ... ... 12.5 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 186,674 ... ... ... ... ... 7,688 ... ... ... ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 176,676 ... ... ... ... ... 7,428 ... ... ... ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 571.3 ... ... 571.3 ... ... 1,073.6 ... ... 1,073.6 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 695.29 ... ... ... ... ... 17.66 ... ... ... ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 397,240 192,085 205,155 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,960 9,350 9,615 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 50,495 25,765 24,730 12.7 13.4 12.1 3,150 1,610 1,535 16.6 17.2 16.0
0 to 4 years 15,140 7,715 7,430 3.8 4.0 3.6 985 490 490 5.2 5.2 5.1
5 to 9 years 17,725 8,995 8,735 4.5 4.7 4.3 1,095 565 535 5.8 6.0 5.6
10 to 14 years 17,625 9,060 8,570 4.4 4.7 4.2 1,065 560 505 5.6 6.0 5.3
15 to 64 years 253,830 124,565 129,265 63.9 64.8 63.0 12,155 6,050 6,105 64.1 64.7 63.5
15 to 19 years 18,365 9,355 9,010 4.6 4.9 4.4 995 530 465 5.2 5.7 4.8
20 to 24 years 23,805 11,760 12,050 6.0 6.1 5.9 870 430 440 4.6 4.6 4.6
25 to 29 years 26,575 13,420 13,155 6.7 7.0 6.4 1,020 530 495 5.4 5.7 5.1
30 to 34 years 27,615 13,745 13,870 7.0 7.2 6.8 1,320 650 675 7.0 7.0 7.0
35 to 39 years 27,585 13,750 13,835 6.9 7.2 6.7 1,435 695 735 7.6 7.4 7.6
40 to 44 years 25,290 12,540 12,745 6.4 6.5 6.2 1,375 705 665 7.3 7.5 6.9
45 to 49 years 23,615 11,460 12,155 5.9 6.0 5.9 1,175 585 590 6.2 6.3 6.1
50 to 54 years 25,090 12,160 12,930 6.3 6.3 6.3 1,240 620 625 6.5 6.6 6.5
55 to 59 years 27,400 13,110 14,295 6.9 6.8 7.0 1,365 660 710 7.2 7.1 7.4
60 to 64 years 28,490 13,265 15,230 7.2 6.9 7.4 1,355 655 700 7.1 7.0 7.3
65 years and over 92,910 41,755 51,155 23.4 21.7 24.9 3,655 1,685 1,975 19.3 18.0 20.5
65 to 69 years 27,680 12,705 14,975 7.0 6.6 7.3 1,185 555 625 6.3 5.9 6.5
70 to 74 years 25,040 11,630 13,410 6.3 6.1 6.5 990 465 525 5.2 5.0 5.5
75 to 79 years 16,855 7,845 9,010 4.2 4.1 4.4 700 350 350 3.7 3.7 3.6
80 to 84 years 10,875 4,825 6,050 2.7 2.5 2.9 420 180 240 2.2 1.9 2.5
85 years and over 12,465 4,755 7,715 3.1 2.5 3.8 365 140 230 1.9 1.5 2.4
85 to 89 years 7,005 2,925 4,080 1.8 1.5 2.0 230 95 135 1.2 1.0 1.4
90 to 94 years 4,095 1,405 2,695 1.0 0.7 1.3 105 35 70 0.6 0.4 0.7
95 to 99 years 1,220 390 835 0.3 0.2 0.4 20 5 20 0.1 0.1 0.2
100 years and over 140 30 110 0.0 0.0 0.1 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 12.7 13.4 12.1 12.7 13.4 12.1 16.6 17.2 16.0 16.6 17.2 16.0
15 to 64 years 63.9 64.8 63.0 63.9 64.8 63.0 64.1 64.7 63.5 64.1 64.7 63.5
65 years and over 23.4 21.7 24.9 23.4 21.7 24.9 19.3 18.0 20.5 19.3 18.0 20.5
85 years and over 3.1 2.5 3.8 3.1 2.5 3.8 1.9 1.5 2.4 1.9 1.5 2.4
Average age of the population 44.8 43.7 45.8 44.8 43.7 45.8 42.3 41.4 43.1 42.3 41.4 43.1
Median age of the population 44.8 43.2 46.4 44.8 43.2 46.4 42.4 41.6 43.2 42.4 41.6 43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 176,675 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 7,430 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Single-detached house 67,260 ... ... 38.1 ... ... 3,655 ... ... 49.2 ... ...
Semi-detached house 6,445 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 845 ... ... 11.4 ... ...
Row house 11,320 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 670 ... ... 9.0 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 27,125 ... ... 15.4 ... ... 1,375 ... ... 18.5 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 47,460 ... ... 26.9 ... ... 680 ... ... 9.2 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 14,650 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 185 ... ... 2.5 ... ...
Other single-attached house 305 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 5 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 2,110 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 5 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 176,675 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 7,425 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 person 59,595 ... ... 33.7 ... ... 1,620 ... ... 21.8 ... ...
2 persons 65,830 ... ... 37.3 ... ... 2,790 ... ... 37.6 ... ...
3 persons 22,945 ... ... 13.0 ... ... 1,310 ... ... 17.6 ... ...
4 persons 18,610 ... ... 10.5 ... ... 1,155 ... ... 15.6 ... ...
5 or more persons 9,695 ... ... 5.5 ... ... 560 ... ... 7.5 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 388,290 188,015 200,270 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,790 9,280 9,515 100.0 100.0 100.0
Average household size 2.2 ... ... 2.2 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 346,740 166,320 180,420 100.0 100.0 100.0 15,815 7,735 8,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
Married or living common-law 193,940 96,750 97,185 55.9 58.2 53.9 9,980 4,990 4,990 63.1 64.5 61.8
Married 152,280 75,975 76,310 43.9 45.7 42.3 8,170 4,080 4,085 51.7 52.7 50.6
Living common-law 41,655 20,775 20,880 12.0 12.5 11.6 1,815 910 905 11.5 11.8 11.2
Living common law - Never married 30,625 15,270 15,355 8.8 9.2 8.5 1,220 620 605 7.7 8.0 7.5
Living common law - Separated 1,365 745 620 0.4 0.4 0.3 100 55 45 0.6 0.7 0.6
Living common law - Divorced 8,805 4,400 4,405 2.5 2.6 2.4 450 215 230 2.8 2.8 2.8
Living common law - Widowed 865 360 500 0.2 0.2 0.3 45 20 25 0.3 0.3 0.3
Not married and not living common-law 152,805 69,570 83,235 44.1 41.8 46.1 5,830 2,745 3,090 36.9 35.5 38.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married 97,360 51,820 45,540 28.1 31.2 25.2 3,620 1,990 1,630 22.9 25.7 20.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated 8,860 3,780 5,080 2.6 2.3 2.8 435 210 225 2.8 2.7 2.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 27,835 9,950 17,890 8.0 6.0 9.9 1,000 360 645 6.3 4.7 8.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 18,745 4,020 14,725 5.4 2.4 8.2 775 185 590 4.9 2.4 7.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 109,875 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 5,715 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
2 persons 66,485 ... ... 60.5 ... ... 3,080 ... ... 53.9 ... ...
3 persons 20,930 ... ... 19.0 ... ... 1,250 ... ... 21.9 ... ...
4 persons 17,400 ... ... 15.8 ... ... 1,095 ... ... 19.2 ... ...
5 or more persons 5,055 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 295 ... ... 5.2 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.6 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 1.7 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 109,870 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 5,720 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total couple families 94,500 ... ... 86.0 ... ... 4,930 ... ... 86.2 ... ...
Married couples 73,685 ... ... 67.1 ... ... 4,020 ... ... 70.3 ... ...
With children6 32,935 ... ... 30.0 ... ... 1,965 ... ... 34.4 ... ...
Without children 40,745 ... ... 37.1 ... ... 2,055 ... ... 35.9 ... ...
Common-law couples 20,820 ... ... 18.9 ... ... 905 ... ... 15.8 ... ...
With children6 5,430 ... ... 4.9 ... ... 355 ... ... 6.2 ... ...
Without children 15,385 ... ... 14.0 ... ... 555 ... ... 9.7 ... ...
Total one-parent families 15,375 ... ... 14.0 ... ... 785 ... ... 13.7 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 11,755 ... ... 10.7 ... ... 565 ... ... 9.9 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 3,615 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 220 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 388,285 188,015 200,275 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,790 9,280 9,515 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total - Persons in census families 292,030 144,155 147,870 75.2 76.7 73.8 15,820 7,905 7,920 84.2 85.2 83.2
Married spouses or common-law partners 189,000 94,335 94,665 48.7 50.2 47.3 9,855 4,925 4,930 52.4 53.1 51.8
Parents in one-parent families 15,370 3,615 11,760 4.0 1.9 5.9 790 220 570 4.2 2.4 6.0
Children6 87,655 46,210 41,445 22.6 24.6 20.7 5,180 2,755 2,420 27.6 29.7 25.4
In a two-parent family 65,930 34,485 31,445 17.0 18.3 15.7 3,995 2,100 1,895 21.3 22.6 19.9
In a one-parent family 21,725 11,725 10,000 5.6 6.2 5.0 1,185 660 525 6.3 7.1 5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 96,260 43,865 52,400 24.8 23.3 26.2 2,970 1,375 1,595 15.8 14.8 16.8
Living alone 59,595 25,185 34,410 15.3 13.4 17.2 1,620 675 940 8.6 7.3 9.9
Living with other relatives7 8,500 3,530 4,970 2.2 1.9 2.5 390 155 230 2.1 1.7 2.4
Living with non-relatives only 28,165 15,150 13,015 7.3 8.1 6.5 965 540 420 5.1 5.8 4.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 176,675 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 7,425 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 94,695 ... ... 53.6 ... ... 4,790 ... ... 64.5 ... ...
Couple-family households 82,575 ... ... 46.7 ... ... 4,205 ... ... 56.6 ... ...
With children6 32,985 ... ... 18.7 ... ... 1,995 ... ... 26.9 ... ...
Without children 49,595 ... ... 28.1 ... ... 2,210 ... ... 29.8 ... ...
One-parent-family households 12,115 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 590 ... ... 7.9 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 3,665 ... ... 2.1 ... ... 220 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 1,535 ... ... 0.9 ... ... 105 ... ... 1.4 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 6,540 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 390 ... ... 5.3 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 10,650 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 300 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
One-person households 59,590 ... ... 33.7 ... ... 1,620 ... ... 21.8 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 337,875 162,295 175,585 100.0 100.0 100.0 15,645 7,665 7,980 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 329,880 158,210 171,660 97.6 97.5 97.8 15,215 7,450 7,765 97.3 97.2 97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 45,600 50,800 41,200 45,600 50,800 41,200 48,800 58,400 41,600 48,800 58,400 41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 330,095 158,320 171,775 97.7 97.6 97.8 15,225 7,460 7,770 97.3 97.3 97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,800 45,200 37,600 40,800 45,200 37,600 44,000 51,200 38,000 44,000 51,200 38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 305,610 147,345 158,260 90.5 90.8 90.1 14,150 7,020 7,120 90.4 91.6 89.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 39,600 46,800 33,200 39,600 46,800 33,200 43,600 54,800 33,600 43,600 54,800 33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 234,380 116,945 117,440 69.4 72.1 66.9 11,180 5,740 5,440 71.5 74.9 68.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,800 46,800 35,200 40,800 46,800 35,200 47,200 56,800 38,400 47,200 56,800 38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 270,985 122,505 148,480 80.2 75.5 84.6 12,105 5,465 6,640 77.4 71.3 83.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,900 9,100 10,400 9,900 9,100 10,400 9,300 8,200 10,300 9,300 8,200 10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 23,925 10,765 13,160 7.1 6.6 7.5 1,100 475 620 7.0 6.2 7.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,480 5,280 5,480 5,480 5,280 5,480 5,520 5,280 6,000 5,520 5,280 6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 79,525 37,220 42,300 23.5 22.9 24.1 3,220 1,450 1,770 20.6 18.9 22.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 338,040 162,400 175,640 100.0 100.0 100.0 15,645 7,665 7,980 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 330,055 158,475 171,580 97.6 97.6 97.7 15,190 7,460 7,730 97.1 97.3 96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 57,350 64,500 50,680 57,350 64,500 50,680 55,300 63,600 47,280 55,300 63,600 47,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 330,240 158,570 171,670 97.7 97.6 97.7 15,195 7,465 7,730 97.1 97.4 96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 47,960 53,000 43,320 47,960 53,000 43,320 47,320 53,550 41,360 47,320 53,550 41,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 305,655 147,325 158,335 90.4 90.7 90.1 14,210 7,060 7,145 90.8 92.1 89.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 52,400 60,950 44,480 52,400 60,950 44,480 50,160 59,650 40,840 50,160 59,650 40,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 234,465 117,135 117,330 69.4 72.1 66.8 11,185 5,755 5,430 71.5 75.1 68.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 50,200 57,300 43,040 50,200 57,300 43,040 50,680 59,250 41,640 50,680 59,250 41,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 270,670 122,495 148,180 80.1 75.4 84.4 12,080 5,505 6,575 77.2 71.8 82.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,720 10,190 11,160 10,720 10,190 11,160 10,490 9,670 11,180 10,490 9,670 11,180
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 23,345 10,415 12,930 6.9 6.4 7.4 1,140 465 665 7.3 6.1 8.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,530 5,845 7,070 6,530 5,845 7,070 7,080 6,160 7,700 7,080 6,160 7,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 79,065 36,970 42,100 23.4 22.8 24.0 3,125 1,475 1,650 20.0 19.2 20.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,790 8,650 8,920 8,790 8,650 8,920 8,660 8,720 8,610 8,660 8,720 8,610
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 338,040 162,395 175,640 100.0 100.0 100.0 15,645 7,670 7,980 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 110,900 60,845 50,060 32.8 37.5 28.5 5,905 3,405 2,500 37.7 44.4 31.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 66,000 71,000 60,400 66,000 71,000 60,400 68,500 74,000 59,200 68,500 74,000 59,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 75,300 81,600 67,800 75,300 81,600 67,800 71,800 78,300 62,800 71,800 78,300 62,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 95,200 42,760 52,435 28.2 26.3 29.9 3,960 1,765 2,200 25.3 23.0 27.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 19,800 21,800 18,200 19,800 21,800 18,200 21,000 22,800 19,400 21,000 22,800 19,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 29,800 33,640 26,680 29,800 33,640 26,680 29,520 35,200 24,960 29,520 35,200 24,960
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 84.6 87.8 81.0 84.6 87.8 81.0 85.0 88.8 79.8 85.0 88.8 79.8
Employment income (%)19 62.2 65.6 58.1 62.2 65.6 58.1 67.6 71.8 61.9 67.6 71.8 61.9
Government transfers (%)20 15.3 12.2 19.0 15.3 12.2 19.0 15.1 11.2 20.1 15.1 11.2 20.1
Employment insurance benefits (%) 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.6 1.4 1.0 0.6 1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 4.6 3.8 5.5 4.6 3.8 5.5 4.1 3.3 5.2 4.1 3.3 5.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 3.7 3.1 4.3 3.7 3.1 4.3 3.2 2.7 3.9 3.2 2.7 3.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 337,880 162,295 175,580 100.0 100.0 100.0 15,650 7,665 7,980 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without total income 8,000 4,080 3,920 2.4 2.5 2.2 430 215 215 2.7 2.8 2.7
With total income 329,875 158,215 171,665 97.6 97.5 97.8 15,220 7,455 7,765 97.3 97.3 97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss) 24,290 10,945 13,345 7.4 6.9 7.8 1,090 450 635 7.2 6.0 8.2
$10,000 to $19,999 32,470 13,485 18,985 9.8 8.5 11.1 1,440 535 905 9.5 7.2 11.7
$20,000 to $29,999 46,350 19,055 27,295 14.1 12.0 15.9 1,835 730 1,105 12.1 9.8 14.2
$30,000 to $39,999 40,875 17,390 23,485 12.4 11.0 13.7 1,710 675 1,035 11.2 9.1 13.3
$40,000 to $49,999 37,875 16,840 21,040 11.5 10.6 12.3 1,710 725 985 11.2 9.7 12.7
$50,000 to $59,999 32,780 14,860 17,920 9.9 9.4 10.4 1,585 710 880 10.4 9.5 11.3
$60,000 to $69,999 26,745 13,425 13,320 8.1 8.5 7.8 1,400 760 640 9.2 10.2 8.2
$70,000 to $79,999 21,285 11,465 9,815 6.5 7.2 5.7 1,150 660 490 7.6 8.9 6.3
$80,000 to $89,999 16,590 9,295 7,290 5.0 5.9 4.2 990 625 365 6.5 8.4 4.7
$90,000 to $99,999 12,720 7,245 5,475 3.9 4.6 3.2 715 475 240 4.7 6.4 3.1
$100,000 and over 37,880 24,205 13,680 11.5 15.3 8.0 1,595 1,115 485 10.5 15.0 6.2
$100,000 to $149,999 25,460 15,625 9,835 7.7 9.9 5.7 1,235 845 395 8.1 11.3 5.1
$150,000 and over 12,420 8,575 3,845 3.8 5.4 2.2 360 270 85 2.4 3.6 1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 337,880 162,295 175,580 100.0 100.0 100.0 15,650 7,665 7,980 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without after-tax income 7,785 3,970 3,810 2.3 2.4 2.2 420 210 210 2.7 2.7 2.6
With after-tax income 330,100 158,320 171,775 97.7 97.6 97.8 15,225 7,455 7,770 97.3 97.3 97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss) 25,875 11,440 14,435 7.8 7.2 8.4 1,145 470 680 7.5 6.3 8.8
$10,000 to $19,999 33,940 14,075 19,870 10.3 8.9 11.6 1,515 565 950 10.0 7.6 12.2
$20,000 to $29,999 52,520 21,875 30,640 15.9 13.8 17.8 2,105 835 1,270 13.8 11.2 16.3
$30,000 to $39,999 48,225 20,915 27,315 14.6 13.2 15.9 2,060 825 1,235 13.5 11.1 15.9
$40,000 to $49,999 44,215 19,875 24,340 13.4 12.6 14.2 2,045 895 1,150 13.4 12.0 14.8
$50,000 to $59,999 35,755 17,600 18,160 10.8 11.1 10.6 1,850 975 880 12.2 13.1 11.3
$60,000 to $69,999 26,840 14,415 12,425 8.1 9.1 7.2 1,465 860 605 9.6 11.5 7.8
$70,000 to $79,999 19,840 11,210 8,635 6.0 7.1 5.0 1,155 730 420 7.6 9.8 5.4
$80,000 to $89,999 13,575 7,900 5,675 4.1 5.0 3.3 730 495 235 4.8 6.6 3.0
$90,000 to $99,999 8,610 5,100 3,510 2.6 3.2 2.0 385 260 130 2.5 3.5 1.7
$100,000 and over 20,695 13,915 6,780 6.3 8.8 3.9 765 555 215 5.0 7.4 2.8
$100,000 to $124,999 10,295 6,705 3,585 3.1 4.2 2.1 475 345 130 3.1 4.6 1.7
$125,000 and over 10,400 7,210 3,190 3.2 4.6 1.9 295 205 85 1.9 2.7 1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 337,880 162,295 175,580 100.0 100.0 100.0 15,650 7,665 7,980 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without employment income 103,495 45,355 58,140 30.6 27.9 33.1 4,465 1,925 2,540 28.5 25.1 31.8
With employment income 234,380 116,940 117,440 69.4 72.1 66.9 11,180 5,740 5,440 71.4 74.9 68.2
Under $5,000 (including loss) 30,870 14,200 16,670 13.2 12.1 14.2 1,260 570 690 11.3 9.9 12.7
$5,000 to $9,999 17,470 7,550 9,920 7.5 6.5 8.4 745 315 430 6.7 5.5 7.9
$10,000 to $19,999 26,055 11,370 14,680 11.1 9.7 12.5 1,130 465 665 10.1 8.1 12.2
$20,000 to $29,999 20,915 9,460 11,450 8.9 8.1 9.7 915 400 515 8.2 7.0 9.5
$30,000 to $39,999 20,240 9,425 10,815 8.6 8.1 9.2 885 370 515 7.9 6.4 9.5
$40,000 to $49,999 20,870 9,635 11,235 8.9 8.2 9.6 950 425 530 8.5 7.4 9.7
$50,000 to $59,999 20,490 9,505 10,990 8.7 8.1 9.4 1,030 465 565 9.2 8.1 10.4
$60,000 to $69,999 17,165 8,875 8,295 7.3 7.6 7.1 1,000 540 465 8.9 9.4 8.5
$70,000 to $79,999 14,215 7,945 6,265 6.1 6.8 5.3 805 485 320 7.2 8.4 5.9
$80,000 to $89,999 11,975 6,980 4,995 5.1 6.0 4.3 765 515 250 6.8 9.0 4.6
$90,000 to $99,999 9,400 5,485 3,915 4.0 4.7 3.3 565 380 180 5.1 6.6 3.3
$100,000 and over 24,715 16,510 8,210 10.5 14.1 7.0 1,130 815 320 10.1 14.2 5.9
$100,000 to $124,999 12,310 7,625 4,680 5.3 6.5 4.0 680 460 215 6.1 8.0 4.0
$125,000 and over 12,405 8,880 3,530 5.3 7.6 3.0 455 360 100 4.1 6.3 1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 337,875 162,295 175,585 100.0 100.0 100.0 15,645 7,665 7,980 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 322,420 154,255 168,165 95.4 95.0 95.8 14,930 7,310 7,620 95.4 95.4 95.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 43,200 49,600 38,400 43,200 49,600 38,400 46,800 57,600 38,800 46,800 57,600 38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 322,990 154,395 168,600 95.6 95.1 96.0 14,980 7,315 7,660 95.7 95.4 96.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 38,400 43,600 34,400 38,400 43,600 34,400 41,200 50,000 34,400 41,200 50,000 34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 302,580 145,645 156,940 89.6 89.7 89.4 14,025 6,970 7,060 89.6 90.9 88.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 39,600 47,200 33,600 39,600 47,200 33,600 43,600 54,800 34,000 43,600 54,800 34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 245,125 121,530 123,595 72.5 74.9 70.4 11,790 6,065 5,725 75.4 79.1 71.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 38,400 44,400 33,200 38,400 44,400 33,200 43,600 53,600 36,000 43,600 53,600 36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 218,875 93,010 125,870 64.8 57.3 71.7 9,510 3,895 5,615 60.8 50.8 70.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,850 6,240 7,100 6,850 6,240 7,100 7,500 7,900 7,400 7,500 7,900 7,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 17,005 7,435 9,570 5.0 4.6 5.5 870 350 520 5.6 4.6 6.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 5,280 4,680 6,000 5,280 4,680 6,000 5,640 5,000 6,240 5,640 5,000 6,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 338,040 162,400 175,640 100.0 100.0 100.0 15,645 7,665 7,980 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 322,885 154,555 168,325 95.5 95.2 95.8 14,975 7,340 7,635 95.7 95.8 95.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 54,700 62,800 47,240 54,700 62,800 47,240 53,200 62,700 44,040 53,200 62,700 44,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 323,450 154,715 168,740 95.7 95.3 96.1 15,025 7,340 7,685 96.0 95.8 96.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 45,560 51,450 40,160 45,560 51,450 40,160 45,000 52,500 37,840 45,000 52,500 37,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 302,780 145,880 156,900 89.6 89.8 89.3 14,115 7,035 7,080 90.2 91.8 88.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 52,100 61,150 43,720 52,100 61,150 43,720 50,360 60,400 40,360 50,360 60,400 40,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 245,275 121,835 123,440 72.6 75.0 70.3 11,805 6,125 5,675 75.5 79.9 71.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 47,800 55,300 40,440 47,800 55,300 40,440 48,400 56,650 39,480 48,400 56,650 39,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 218,860 92,345 126,505 64.7 56.9 72.0 9,380 3,865 5,515 60.0 50.4 69.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 8,600 8,530 8,650 8,600 8,530 8,650 9,170 9,070 9,240 9,170 9,070 9,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 16,920 7,210 9,710 5.0 4.4 5.5 870 355 510 5.6 4.6 6.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,240 6,040 8,140 7,240 6,040 8,140 8,220 6,680 9,280 8,220 6,680 9,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 338,040 162,395 175,640 100.0 100.0 100.0 15,645 7,670 7,980 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 109,915 60,225 49,690 32.5 37.1 28.3 5,870 3,375 2,490 37.5 44.0 31.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 61,600 67,500 56,000 61,600 67,500 56,000 63,600 73,500 54,000 63,600 73,500 54,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 70,600 77,700 62,000 70,600 77,700 62,000 67,900 76,200 56,750 67,900 76,200 56,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 90,880 40,755 50,125 26.9 25.1 28.5 3,720 1,650 2,070 23.8 21.5 25.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 24,600 27,400 22,600 24,600 27,400 22,600 26,200 28,200 24,800 26,200 28,200 24,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 34,920 40,240 30,600 34,920 40,240 30,600 35,240 41,760 30,040 35,240 41,760 30,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 89.4 91.8 86.2 89.4 91.8 86.2 89.2 92.4 84.8 89.2 92.4 84.8
Employment income (%) 66.4 69.4 62.7 66.4 69.4 62.7 71.6 75.4 66.6 71.6 75.4 66.6
Government transfers (%) 10.7 8.1 13.8 10.7 8.1 13.8 10.8 7.6 15.2 10.8 7.6 15.2
Employment insurance benefits (%) 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.5 1.4 0.9 0.5 1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 176,675 ... ... ... ... ... 7,425 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 85,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ... 102,000 ... ... 102,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 75,500 ... ... 75,500 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 59,590 ... ... ... ... ... 1,620 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 46,000 ... ... 46,000 ... ... 50,800 ... ... 50,800 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 41,600 ... ... 41,600 ... ... 45,200 ... ... 45,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 117,085 ... ... ... ... ... 5,810 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 112,000 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 119,000 ... ... 119,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 98,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ... 103,000 ... ... 103,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 176,775 ... ... ... ... ... 7,430 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 107,000 ... ... 107,000 ... ... 113,000 ... ... 113,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 89,600 ... ... 89,600 ... ... 96,800 ... ... 96,800 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 59,610 ... ... ... ... ... 1,615 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 57,600 ... ... 57,600 ... ... 58,350 ... ... 58,350 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 47,520 ... ... 47,520 ... ... 49,920 ... ... 49,920 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 117,160 ... ... ... ... ... 5,815 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 132,200 ... ... 132,200 ... ... 128,200 ... ... 128,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 111,000 ... ... 111,000 ... ... 109,900 ... ... 109,900 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 176,675 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 7,425 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 1,960 ... ... 1.1 ... ... 50 ... ... 0.7 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 935 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 25 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 1,455 ... ... 0.8 ... ... 25 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 3,440 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 65 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 6,610 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 145 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 5,395 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 130 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 5,540 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 130 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 6,280 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 180 ... ... 2.4 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 6,530 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 215 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 6,685 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 200 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 13,060 ... ... 7.4 ... ... 465 ... ... 6.3 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 12,715 ... ... 7.2 ... ... 500 ... ... 6.7 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 12,125 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 525 ... ... 7.1 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 11,010 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 505 ... ... 6.8 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 10,115 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 470 ... ... 6.3 ... ...
$100,000 and over 72,815 ... ... 41.2 ... ... 3,795 ... ... 51.1 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 20,765 ... ... 11.8 ... ... 1,090 ... ... 14.7 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 15,425 ... ... 8.7 ... ... 885 ... ... 11.9 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 19,040 ... ... 10.8 ... ... 1,060 ... ... 14.3 ... ...
$200,000 and over 17,585 ... ... 10.0 ... ... 760 ... ... 10.2 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 176,675 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 7,425 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 2,280 ... ... 1.3 ... ... 55 ... ... 0.7 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 965 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 30 ... ... 0.4 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 1,525 ... ... 0.9 ... ... 25 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 3,585 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 75 ... ... 1.0 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 6,970 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 150 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 6,320 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 150 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 6,610 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 165 ... ... 2.2 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 7,475 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 210 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 7,785 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 255 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 7,855 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 270 ... ... 3.6 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 15,360 ... ... 8.7 ... ... 580 ... ... 7.8 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 14,305 ... ... 8.1 ... ... 595 ... ... 8.0 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 13,460 ... ... 7.6 ... ... 605 ... ... 8.1 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 12,035 ... ... 6.8 ... ... 595 ... ... 8.0 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 10,640 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 555 ... ... 7.5 ... ...
$100,000 and over 59,515 ... ... 33.7 ... ... 3,120 ... ... 42.0 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 21,090 ... ... 11.9 ... ... 1,180 ... ... 15.9 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 14,380 ... ... 8.1 ... ... 790 ... ... 10.6 ... ...
$150,000 and over 24,045 ... ... 13.6 ... ... 1,145 ... ... 15.4 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 108,825 ... ... ... ... ... 5,600 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 112,000 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 98,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ... 101,000 ... ... 101,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 52,150 ... ... ... ... ... 2,355 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 101,000 ... ... 101,000 ... ... 102,000 ... ... 102,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 89,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 38,580 ... ... ... ... ... 2,345 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 147,000 ... ... 147,000 ... ... 143,000 ... ... 143,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 126,000 ... ... 126,000 ... ... 123,000 ... ... 123,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 3.9 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 14,490 ... ... ... ... ... 740 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 74,000 ... ... 74,000 ... ... 77,000 ... ... 77,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 67,500 ... ... 67,500 ... ... 69,500 ... ... 69,500 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 87,760 40,335 47,430 ... ... ... 2,580 1,220 1,365 ... ... ...
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 41,200 42,000 40,400 41,200 42,000 40,400 45,600 50,000 43,200 45,600 50,000 43,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 37,600 38,000 37,200 37,600 38,000 37,200 41,200 43,600 39,600 41,200 43,600 39,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 108,780 ... ... ... ... ... 5,580 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 132,400 ... ... 132,400 ... ... 126,200 ... ... 126,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 110,700 ... ... 110,700 ... ... 107,900 ... ... 107,900 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 52,205 ... ... ... ... ... 2,345 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 120,400 ... ... 120,400 ... ... 109,800 ... ... 109,800 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 100,700 ... ... 100,700 ... ... 93,800 ... ... 93,800 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 38,655 ... ... ... ... ... 2,365 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 166,200 ... ... 166,200 ... ... 153,800 ... ... 153,800 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 137,400 ... ... 137,400 ... ... 130,600 ... ... 130,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 14,395 ... ... ... ... ... 700 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 84,300 ... ... 84,300 ... ... 83,600 ... ... 83,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 73,800 ... ... 73,800 ... ... 74,800 ... ... 74,800 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 87,805 40,230 47,570 ... ... ... 2,580 1,265 1,315 ... ... ...
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 51,450 51,950 51,080 51,450 51,950 51,080 52,350 54,900 49,920 52,350 54,900 49,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 43,240 42,560 43,800 43,240 42,560 43,800 45,160 46,400 43,880 45,160 46,400 43,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 388,290 188,020 200,270 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,795 9,280 9,515 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 61,255 31,290 29,965 15.8 16.6 15.0 3,760 1,925 1,835 20.0 20.7 19.3
0 to 5 years 18,595 9,475 9,120 4.8 5.0 4.6 1,205 605 605 6.4 6.5 6.4
18 to 64 years 240,080 116,970 123,110 61.8 62.2 61.5 11,515 5,730 5,790 61.3 61.7 60.9
65 years and over 86,955 39,760 47,195 22.4 21.1 23.6 3,515 1,625 1,885 18.7 17.5 19.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 34,380 15,765 18,610 ... ... ... 920 400 520 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 5,570 2,895 2,680 ... ... ... 210 110 100 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 1,710 880 830 ... ... ... 75 40 40 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 19,785 9,400 10,390 ... ... ... 485 220 265 ... ... ...
65 years and over 9,020 3,475 5,545 ... ... ... 225 70 150 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 8.9 8.4 9.3 8.9 8.4 9.3 4.9 4.3 5.5 4.9 4.3 5.5
0 to 17 years (%) 9.1 9.3 8.9 9.1 9.3 8.9 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.6
0 to 5 years (%) 9.2 9.3 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.1 6.2 6.6 6.0 6.2 6.6 6.0
18 to 64 years (%) 8.2 8.0 8.4 8.2 8.0 8.4 4.2 3.8 4.6 4.2 3.8 4.6
65 years and over (%) 10.4 8.7 11.8 10.4 8.7 11.8 6.4 4.4 8.0 6.4 4.4 8.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 383,005 185,505 197,500 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,790 9,280 9,515 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 60,415 30,885 29,530 15.8 16.6 15.0 3,760 1,925 1,835 20.0 20.7 19.3
0 to 5 years 18,370 9,355 9,010 4.8 5.0 4.6 1,210 600 605 6.4 6.5 6.4
18 to 64 years 237,210 115,555 121,650 61.9 62.3 61.6 11,520 5,725 5,795 61.3 61.7 60.9
65 years and over 85,380 39,060 46,320 22.3 21.1 23.5 3,510 1,625 1,885 18.7 17.5 19.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 17,155 8,575 8,575 ... ... ... 525 260 265 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 2,460 1,200 1,255 ... ... ... 100 55 50 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 600 310 290 ... ... ... 35 15 15 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 13,115 6,655 6,460 ... ... ... 390 190 195 ... ... ...
65 years and over 1,575 720 855 ... ... ... 35 15 20 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.3 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8
0 to 17 years (%) 4.1 3.9 4.3 4.1 3.9 4.3 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.6
0 to 5 years (%) 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.2 2.8 2.4 3.2 2.8 2.4 3.2
18 to 64 years (%) 5.5 5.8 5.3 5.5 5.8 5.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4
65 years and over (%) 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 388,290 188,015 200,270 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,790 9,280 9,515 100.0 100.0 100.0
In bottom half of the distribution 169,215 79,485 89,735 43.6 42.3 44.8 7,305 3,480 3,825 38.9 37.5 40.2
In bottom decile 36,085 17,180 18,905 9.3 9.1 9.4 1,035 475 560 5.5 5.1 5.9
In second decile 31,240 14,030 17,205 8.0 7.5 8.6 1,090 475 610 5.8 5.1 6.4
In third decile 31,725 14,845 16,875 8.2 7.9 8.4 1,365 670 695 7.3 7.2 7.3
In fourth decile 33,800 16,055 17,745 8.7 8.5 8.9 1,830 880 950 9.7 9.5 10.0
In fifth decile 36,365 17,370 19,000 9.4 9.2 9.5 1,990 975 1,015 10.6 10.5 10.7
In top half of the distribution 219,075 108,535 110,540 56.4 57.7 55.2 11,490 5,800 5,685 61.1 62.5 59.7
In sixth decile 38,810 18,885 19,930 10.0 10.0 10.0 2,185 1,080 1,105 11.6 11.6 11.6
In seventh decile 40,930 20,145 20,780 10.5 10.7 10.4 2,340 1,200 1,145 12.5 12.9 12.0
In eighth decile 44,135 21,945 22,190 11.4 11.7 11.1 2,510 1,280 1,235 13.4 13.8 13.0
In ninth decile 47,975 23,905 24,070 12.4 12.7 12.0 2,475 1,265 1,215 13.2 13.6 12.8
In top decile 47,225 23,655 23,565 12.2 12.6 11.8 1,980 985 1,000 10.5 10.6 10.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 388,285 ... ... 388,285 ... ... 18,790 ... ... 18,790 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.329 ... ... 0.329 ... ... 0.270 ... ... 0.270 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.418 ... ... 0.418 ... ... 0.351 ... ... 0.351 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.290 ... ... 0.290 ... ... 0.243 ... ... 0.243 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 3.7 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 391,795 189,505 202,285 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,930 9,335 9,590 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 348,695 170,545 178,150 89.0 90.0 88.1 17,275 8,530 8,745 91.3 91.4 91.2
French only 155 65 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and French 39,565 17,480 22,085 10.1 9.2 10.9 1,570 765 805 8.3 8.2 8.4
Neither English nor French 3,380 1,415 1,960 0.9 0.7 1.0 65 30 40 0.3 0.3 0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 391,795 189,505 202,285 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,930 9,335 9,590 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 381,360 184,710 196,655 97.3 97.5 97.2 18,420 9,060 9,355 97.3 97.1 97.5
French 6,100 2,980 3,120 1.6 1.6 1.5 395 220 175 2.1 2.4 1.8
English and French 1,080 475 605 0.3 0.3 0.3 55 25 25 0.3 0.3 0.3
Neither English nor French 3,250 1,340 1,910 0.8 0.7 0.9 60 25 35 0.3 0.3 0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 391,795 189,505 202,285 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,930 9,335 9,590 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 382,170 185,070 197,100 97.5 97.7 97.4 18,605 9,180 9,425 98.3 98.3 98.3
Official languages 328,045 160,620 167,430 83.7 84.8 82.8 16,860 8,390 8,470 89.1 89.9 88.3
English 321,890 157,625 164,265 82.2 83.2 81.2 16,450 8,165 8,285 86.9 87.5 86.4
French 6,160 2,995 3,165 1.6 1.6 1.6 405 225 180 2.1 2.4 1.9
Non-official languages 54,125 24,450 29,670 13.8 12.9 14.7 1,745 795 950 9.2 8.5 9.9
Indigenous languages39 195 90 110 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 90 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 60 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 53,930 24,365 29,565 13.8 12.9 14.6 1,745 795 955 9.2 8.5 10.0
Afro-Asiatic languages 2,255 1,185 1,070 0.6 0.6 0.5 40 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.2
Berber languages 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 170 80 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 125 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 2,065 1,095 970 0.5 0.6 0.5 40 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.2
Amharic 145 60 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 1,630 885 745 0.4 0.5 0.4 25 15 10 0.1 0.2 0.1
Aramaic languages 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 120 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
Maltese 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 140 65 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 1,335 570 765 0.3 0.3 0.4 45 20 25 0.2 0.2 0.3
Khmer (Cambodian) 120 55 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
Vietnamese 1,215 515 700 0.3 0.3 0.3 45 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 5,120 2,030 3,090 1.3 1.1 1.5 135 55 80 0.7 0.6 0.8
Bikol 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 125 50 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 235 90 150 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 110 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 250 100 150 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 100 35 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kankanaey 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 4,125 1,635 2,485 1.1 0.9 1.2 110 40 70 0.6 0.4 0.7
Waray-Waray 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 70 25 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 675 380 295 0.2 0.2 0.1 25 15 10 0.1 0.2 0.1
Kannada 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 290 175 115 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
Tamil 185 100 90 0.0 0.1 0.0 10 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Telugu 160 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tulu 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 27,010 12,660 14,355 6.9 6.7 7.1 985 465 515 5.2 5.0 5.4
Albanian 155 75 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 4,580 2,005 2,570 1.2 1.1 1.3 195 85 110 1.0 0.9 1.1
Baltic languages 95 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 4,485 1,960 2,525 1.1 1.0 1.2 190 85 105 1.0 0.9 1.1
Belarusian 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 130 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 375 175 195 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 1,110 495 615 0.3 0.3 0.3 55 25 35 0.3 0.3 0.4
Russian 1,325 550 780 0.3 0.3 0.4 70 30 40 0.4 0.3 0.4
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 760 350 410 0.2 0.2 0.2 15 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 60 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 445 210 235 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Serbian 240 110 130 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 165 80 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.1 0.0 0.1
Slovene (Slovenian) 55 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 550 220 320 0.1 0.1 0.2 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 6,525 2,860 3,665 1.7 1.5 1.8 250 105 140 1.3 1.1 1.5
Frisian 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
High German languages 3,865 1,625 2,235 1.0 0.9 1.1 150 60 90 0.8 0.6 0.9
German 3,715 1,570 2,150 0.9 0.8 1.1 145 60 85 0.8 0.6 0.9
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 110 40 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 1,935 895 1,040 0.5 0.5 0.5 75 35 40 0.4 0.4 0.4
Afrikaans 275 135 140 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 5 0.1 0.0 0.1
Dutch 1,595 730 865 0.4 0.4 0.4 60 25 35 0.3 0.3 0.4
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 700 315 380 0.2 0.2 0.2 25 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Danish 320 145 170 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Icelandic 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 185 95 95 0.0 0.1 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.1 0.1
Swedish 170 65 105 0.0 0.0 0.1 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 350 195 150 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 8,265 4,190 4,080 2.1 2.2 2.0 220 120 100 1.2 1.3 1.0
Indo-Aryan languages 6,850 3,465 3,385 1.7 1.8 1.7 175 90 80 0.9 1.0 0.8
Assamese 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 275 160 115 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 245 110 135 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 5 0.0 0.1 0.1
Hindi 1,100 615 490 0.3 0.3 0.2 50 35 20 0.3 0.4 0.2
Kacchi 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 90 50 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Nepali 155 80 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 4,340 2,115 2,225 1.1 1.1 1.1 75 35 45 0.4 0.4 0.5
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Urdu 435 220 215 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 1,415 725 685 0.4 0.4 0.3 50 25 20 0.3 0.3 0.2
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Parsi 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.1 0.0 0.1
Persian languages 1,280 645 635 0.3 0.3 0.3 30 10 15 0.2 0.1 0.2
Dari 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
Iranian Persian 1,095 550 545 0.3 0.3 0.3 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 95 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 7,045 3,280 3,765 1.8 1.7 1.9 290 135 155 1.5 1.4 1.6
Catalan 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 1,065 515 550 0.3 0.3 0.3 40 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.2
Portuguese 1,740 795 950 0.4 0.4 0.5 75 35 35 0.4 0.4 0.4
Romanian 335 155 175 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Spanish 3,885 1,805 2,085 1.0 1.0 1.0 155 70 85 0.8 0.7 0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 1,545 415 1,130 0.4 0.2 0.6 40 10 35 0.2 0.1 0.4
Korean 1,895 820 1,075 0.5 0.4 0.5 120 45 70 0.6 0.5 0.7
Mongolian 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 380 195 180 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Akan (Twi) 30 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Bamanankan 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Yoruba 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 85 50 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
American Sign Language 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 11,960 5,325 6,635 3.1 2.8 3.3 265 120 140 1.4 1.3 1.5
Chinese languages 11,860 5,265 6,590 3.0 2.8 3.3 260 120 140 1.4 1.3 1.5
Hakka 35 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 6,505 2,825 3,675 1.7 1.5 1.8 170 75 90 0.9 0.8 0.9
Min Dong 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 240 100 145 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 5 0.0 0.1 0.1
Wu (Shanghainese) 90 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 4,805 2,215 2,590 1.2 1.2 1.3 80 35 45 0.4 0.4 0.5
Chinese, n.o.s. 170 75 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 95 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 350 90 265 0.1 0.0 0.1 15 5 15 0.1 0.1 0.2
Lao 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
Thai 325 75 250 0.1 0.0 0.1 10 0 5 0.1 0.0 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 340 195 150 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 305 180 130 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 5 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 865 400 460 0.2 0.2 0.2 30 10 20 0.2 0.1 0.2
Estonian 50 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 250 95 150 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 5 0.0 0.1 0.1
Hungarian 565 290 280 0.1 0.2 0.1 25 5 15 0.1 0.1 0.2
Other languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 9,625 4,440 5,185 2.5 2.3 2.6 320 155 175 1.7 1.7 1.8
English and French 1,990 960 1,035 0.5 0.5 0.5 95 60 35 0.5 0.6 0.4
English and non-official language(s) 6,575 3,025 3,550 1.7 1.6 1.8 205 85 120 1.1 0.9 1.3
French and non-official language(s) 160 75 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 200 90 115 0.1 0.0 0.1 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 690 290 410 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 5 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 391,795 189,505 202,285 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,930 9,335 9,590 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 333,670 162,810 170,865 85.2 85.9 84.5 16,995 8,430 8,570 89.8 90.3 89.4
French 1,220 590 630 0.3 0.3 0.3 110 60 50 0.6 0.6 0.5
Non-official language 12,035 5,590 6,440 3.1 2.9 3.2 295 145 150 1.6 1.6 1.6
Indigenous39 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 12,005 5,570 6,430 3.1 2.9 3.2 295 145 150 1.6 1.6 1.6
English and French 5,010 2,245 2,765 1.3 1.2 1.4 265 135 125 1.4 1.4 1.3
English and non-official language(s) 37,200 17,110 20,090 9.5 9.0 9.9 1,195 535 660 6.3 5.7 6.9
French and non-official language(s) 75 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 1,595 680 910 0.4 0.4 0.4 45 25 20 0.2 0.3 0.2
Multiple non-official languages 995 450 545 0.3 0.2 0.3 25 15 10 0.1 0.2 0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 391,795 189,505 202,285 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,930 9,335 9,590 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 383,665 185,750 197,920 97.9 98.0 97.8 18,660 9,210 9,450 98.6 98.7 98.5
Official languages 359,010 174,140 184,870 91.6 91.9 91.4 17,975 8,885 9,095 95.0 95.2 94.8
English 357,100 173,210 183,890 91.1 91.4 90.9 17,800 8,790 9,010 94.0 94.2 94.0
French 1,905 925 980 0.5 0.5 0.5 180 95 80 1.0 1.0 0.8
Non-official languages 24,655 11,610 13,045 6.3 6.1 6.4 685 330 355 3.6 3.5 3.7
Indigenous languages39 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 24,610 11,580 13,030 6.3 6.1 6.4 685 330 355 3.6 3.5 3.7
Afro-Asiatic languages 1,270 635 635 0.3 0.3 0.3 20 15 5 0.1 0.2 0.1
Berber languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 50 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 1,180 590 590 0.3 0.3 0.3 20 15 5 0.1 0.2 0.1
Amharic 85 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 975 510 470 0.2 0.3 0.2 15 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Aramaic languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 750 350 395 0.2 0.2 0.2 30 10 15 0.2 0.1 0.2
Khmer (Cambodian) 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 680 320 365 0.2 0.2 0.2 30 10 15 0.2 0.1 0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 2,645 1,190 1,450 0.7 0.6 0.7 65 30 30 0.3 0.3 0.3
Bikol 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 110 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 150 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 2,245 1,005 1,235 0.6 0.5 0.6 55 25 30 0.3 0.3 0.3
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 335 180 150 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kannada 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 150 90 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Tamil 85 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 75 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 9,630 4,670 4,960 2.5 2.5 2.5 290 145 150 1.5 1.6 1.6
Albanian 80 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 1,450 670 780 0.4 0.4 0.4 60 30 30 0.3 0.3 0.3
Baltic languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 1,445 665 775 0.4 0.4 0.4 60 30 30 0.3 0.3 0.3
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 85 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 265 130 135 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Russian 670 295 375 0.2 0.2 0.2 40 20 25 0.2 0.2 0.3
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 200 90 110 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 100 45 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 125 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 730 345 390 0.2 0.2 0.2 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.2
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 425 195 230 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
German 415 190 220 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 5 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 255 125 135 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afrikaans 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.1 0.1
Dutch 160 75 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 110 65 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 4,565 2,320 2,240 1.2 1.2 1.1 95 50 45 0.5 0.5 0.5
Indo-Aryan languages 3,760 1,915 1,845 1.0 1.0 0.9 75 45 35 0.4 0.5 0.4
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 135 70 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 75 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
Hindi 540 310 230 0.1 0.2 0.1 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 65 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 2,545 1,260 1,285 0.6 0.7 0.6 40 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.2
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 285 150 135 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 805 405 395 0.2 0.2 0.2 25 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.1 0.1
Persian languages 725 365 355 0.2 0.2 0.2 15 5 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dari 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 635 320 315 0.2 0.2 0.2 15 5 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 2,670 1,225 1,445 0.7 0.6 0.7 100 50 55 0.5 0.5 0.6
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 170 70 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 690 305 385 0.2 0.2 0.2 20 5 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Romanian 95 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Spanish 1,710 800 910 0.4 0.4 0.4 70 30 35 0.4 0.3 0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 540 195 350 0.1 0.1 0.2 10 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korean 1,275 590 685 0.3 0.3 0.3 75 35 45 0.4 0.4 0.5
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 80 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
Akan (Twi) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 150 85 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
American Sign Language 130 70 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 25 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 7,505 3,435 4,065 1.9 1.8 2.0 145 70 80 0.8 0.7 0.8
Chinese languages 7,440 3,400 4,040 1.9 1.8 2.0 145 70 75 0.8 0.7 0.8
Hakka 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 4,580 2,105 2,475 1.2 1.1 1.2 110 50 55 0.6 0.5 0.6
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 95 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 2,655 1,200 1,450 0.7 0.6 0.7 35 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
Chinese, n.o.s. 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 60 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 110 45 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 105 40 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 165 90 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 150 85 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 140 65 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 90 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 8,130 3,760 4,370 2.1 2.0 2.2 270 125 145 1.4 1.3 1.5
English and French 740 320 420 0.2 0.2 0.2 40 25 20 0.2 0.3 0.2
English and non-official language(s) 7,055 3,285 3,770 1.8 1.7 1.9 220 95 125 1.2 1.0 1.3
French and non-official language(s) 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 110 40 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 180 95 85 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 391,795 189,505 202,285 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,930 9,335 9,590 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 353,575 172,075 181,505 90.2 90.8 89.7 17,635 8,735 8,900 93.2 93.6 92.8
English 10,745 5,145 5,600 2.7 2.7 2.8 375 180 195 2.0 1.9 2.0
French 3,930 1,740 2,185 1.0 0.9 1.1 165 75 90 0.9 0.8 0.9
Non-official language 18,905 8,405 10,495 4.8 4.4 5.2 585 250 330 3.1 2.7 3.4
Indigenous39 245 115 135 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 18,660 8,295 10,365 4.8 4.4 5.1 575 250 325 3.0 2.7 3.4
English and French 155 70 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.1
English and non-official language(s) 1,540 755 780 0.4 0.4 0.4 50 25 30 0.3 0.3 0.3
French and non-official language(s) 995 425 570 0.3 0.2 0.3 25 15 10 0.1 0.2 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 1,930 875 1,055 0.5 0.5 0.5 80 45 40 0.4 0.5 0.4
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 388,475 188,145 200,325 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,790 9,280 9,515 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 385,105 186,640 198,465 99.1 99.2 99.1 18,745 9,255 9,490 99.8 99.7 99.7
English 384,990 186,600 198,395 99.1 99.2 99.0 18,735 9,240 9,490 99.7 99.6 99.7
French 39,445 17,350 22,095 10.2 9.2 11.0 1,545 780 765 8.2 8.4 8.0
Non-official languages 79,715 36,530 43,190 20.5 19.4 21.6 2,345 1,115 1,235 12.5 12.0 13.0
Indigenous languages39 795 345 455 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 250 95 155 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 145 50 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 130 40 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 115 40 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 255 100 155 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 60 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 190 70 120 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 79,005 36,235 42,770 20.3 19.3 21.4 2,345 1,115 1,235 12.5 12.0 13.0
Afro-Asiatic languages 3,735 1,900 1,825 1.0 1.0 0.9 110 50 55 0.6 0.5 0.6
Berber languages 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 240 125 115 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 125 75 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 110 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 3,545 1,815 1,730 0.9 1.0 0.9 105 50 50 0.6 0.5 0.5
Amharic 335 145 190 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 2,540 1,355 1,190 0.7 0.7 0.6 80 45 35 0.4 0.5 0.4
Aramaic languages 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 535 255 280 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Maltese 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 235 115 120 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 1,965 835 1,135 0.5 0.4 0.6 90 50 40 0.5 0.5 0.4
Khmer (Cambodian) 180 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 1,775 735 1,045 0.5 0.4 0.5 90 50 40 0.5 0.5 0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 7,180 2,850 4,335 1.8 1.5 2.2 230 85 135 1.2 0.9 1.4
Bikol 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 165 65 105 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 350 125 230 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 145 45 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 430 200 235 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Indonesian 270 110 165 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 25 10 0.2 0.3 0.1
Kankanaey 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 185 80 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 45 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 6,465 2,525 3,940 1.7 1.3 2.0 155 55 105 0.8 0.6 1.1
Waray-Waray 55 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 275 125 150 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2
Creole languages 205 100 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 55 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 50 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 55 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 1,240 680 555 0.3 0.4 0.3 60 35 25 0.3 0.4 0.3
Kannada 95 55 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 470 275 195 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Tamil 475 250 225 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 15 20 0.2 0.2 0.2
Telugu 410 235 175 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 44,310 20,900 23,410 11.4 11.1 11.7 1,315 660 655 7.0 7.1 6.9
Albanian 220 100 115 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 50 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 5,885 2,755 3,130 1.5 1.5 1.6 165 85 80 0.9 0.9 0.8
Baltic languages 135 70 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 90 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 45 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 5,770 2,690 3,080 1.5 1.4 1.5 165 85 80 0.9 0.9 0.8
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 200 90 105 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 430 205 225 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Macedonian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 1,395 640 750 0.4 0.3 0.4 30 10 20 0.2 0.1 0.2
Russian 2,205 1,010 1,200 0.6 0.5 0.6 90 55 35 0.5 0.6 0.4
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 1,045 510 535 0.3 0.3 0.3 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Bosnian 80 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 635 300 335 0.2 0.2 0.2 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Serbian 400 200 200 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 225 110 120 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 800 385 420 0.2 0.2 0.2 50 25 20 0.3 0.3 0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 170 75 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 75 45 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 65 15 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 11,175 5,090 6,080 2.9 2.7 3.0 405 190 210 2.2 2.0 2.2
Frisian 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 7,415 3,400 4,015 1.9 1.8 2.0 295 140 155 1.6 1.5 1.6
German 7,280 3,360 3,920 1.9 1.8 2.0 285 140 150 1.5 1.5 1.6
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 195 60 135 0.1 0.0 0.1 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 2,910 1,330 1,580 0.7 0.7 0.8 100 50 50 0.5 0.5 0.5
Afrikaans 800 435 370 0.2 0.2 0.2 30 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
Dutch 2,080 890 1,190 0.5 0.5 0.6 70 35 35 0.4 0.4 0.4
Low German, n.o.s. 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 1,290 600 690 0.3 0.3 0.3 35 20 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
Danish 510 220 290 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 40 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 400 210 190 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Swedish 475 230 245 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 605 310 295 0.2 0.2 0.1 25 20 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 10,895 5,640 5,250 2.8 3.0 2.6 195 125 65 1.0 1.3 0.7
Indo-Aryan languages 9,525 4,965 4,555 2.5 2.6 2.3 150 100 45 0.8 1.1 0.5
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 410 215 190 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 425 205 220 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 15 10 0.1 0.2 0.1
Hindi 4,105 2,270 1,835 1.1 1.2 0.9 115 75 35 0.6 0.8 0.4
Kacchi 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 275 140 135 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 20 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
Nepali 225 115 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 5,980 3,035 2,950 1.5 1.6 1.5 60 40 20 0.3 0.4 0.2
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 45 35 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 895 480 420 0.2 0.3 0.2 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 1,450 730 720 0.4 0.4 0.4 45 15 25 0.2 0.2 0.3
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 90 60 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 1,325 660 665 0.3 0.4 0.3 35 10 20 0.2 0.1 0.2
Dari 65 55 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 1,205 585 615 0.3 0.3 0.3 35 10 20 0.2 0.1 0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 17,290 7,810 9,480 4.5 4.2 4.7 550 250 300 2.9 2.7 3.2
Catalan 55 15 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 2,555 1,140 1,420 0.7 0.6 0.7 40 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.2
Portuguese 2,590 1,225 1,365 0.7 0.7 0.7 130 70 70 0.7 0.8 0.7
Romanian 405 175 230 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Spanish 12,815 5,780 7,025 3.3 3.1 3.5 370 165 205 2.0 1.8 2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 115 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 3,465 1,320 2,145 0.9 0.7 1.1 75 30 35 0.4 0.3 0.4
Korean 2,165 1,000 1,170 0.6 0.5 0.6 130 40 85 0.7 0.4 0.9
Mongolian 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 970 490 480 0.2 0.3 0.2 60 35 30 0.3 0.4 0.3
Akan (Twi) 110 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 65 20 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 90 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 335 180 155 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Yoruba 155 80 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 160 105 55 0.0 0.1 0.0 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 885 335 550 0.2 0.2 0.3 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2
American Sign Language 780 265 515 0.2 0.1 0.3 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 120 90 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages 14,145 6,475 7,670 3.6 3.4 3.8 290 155 135 1.5 1.7 1.4
Chinese languages 13,900 6,335 7,565 3.6 3.4 3.8 285 155 130 1.5 1.7 1.4
Hakka 85 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 9,310 4,190 5,120 2.4 2.2 2.6 225 120 110 1.2 1.3 1.2
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 535 205 325 0.1 0.1 0.2 25 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2
Wu (Shanghainese) 130 55 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 6,085 2,730 3,355 1.6 1.5 1.7 80 45 40 0.4 0.5 0.4
Chinese, n.o.s. 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 255 150 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 85 55 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 130 75 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 540 205 330 0.1 0.1 0.2 25 0 20 0.1 0.0 0.2
Lao 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 525 195 325 0.1 0.1 0.2 25 0 20 0.1 0.0 0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 710 355 350 0.2 0.2 0.2 25 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 635 325 310 0.2 0.2 0.2 25 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 1,075 525 545 0.3 0.3 0.3 35 0 30 0.2 0.0 0.3
Estonian 85 20 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 325 175 155 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 655 340 320 0.2 0.2 0.2 30 0 25 0.2 0.0 0.3
Other languages, n.i.e. 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 388,475 188,150 200,325 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,790 9,280 9,510 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous identity45 19,460 9,220 10,240 5.0 4.9 5.1 925 445 475 4.9 4.8 5.0
Single Indigenous responses46 18,600 8,855 9,745 4.8 4.7 4.9 890 425 465 4.7 4.6 4.9
First Nations (North American Indian) 10,795 5,210 5,580 2.8 2.8 2.8 430 190 240 2.3 2.0 2.5
Métis 7,665 3,575 4,095 2.0 1.9 2.0 445 230 215 2.4 2.5 2.3
Inuk (Inuit) 145 70 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses47 450 175 270 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 410 190 225 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous identity 369,015 178,925 190,085 95.0 95.1 94.9 17,870 8,830 9,040 95.1 95.2 95.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 388,475 188,150 200,325 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,790 9,280 9,510 100.0 100.0 100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian49 7,580 3,655 3,925 2.0 1.9 2.0 240 100 140 1.3 1.1 1.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 380,895 184,495 196,405 98.0 98.1 98.0 18,550 9,175 9,375 98.7 98.9 98.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 176,770 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 7,425 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Owner 109,550 ... ... 62.0 ... ... 5,455 ... ... 73.5 ... ...
Renter 66,985 ... ... 37.9 ... ... 1,980 ... ... 26.7 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 240 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 176,770 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 7,425 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Condominium 35,850 ... ... 20.3 ... ... 845 ... ... 11.4 ... ...
Not condominium 140,920 ... ... 79.7 ... ... 6,580 ... ... 88.6 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 176,770 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 7,425 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
No bedrooms 3,265 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 10 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
1 bedroom 36,400 ... ... 20.6 ... ... 625 ... ... 8.4 ... ...
2 bedrooms 51,740 ... ... 29.3 ... ... 1,330 ... ... 17.9 ... ...
3 bedrooms 46,015 ... ... 26.0 ... ... 3,005 ... ... 40.5 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 39,355 ... ... 22.3 ... ... 2,455 ... ... 33.1 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 176,770 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 7,425 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 68,510 ... ... 38.8 ... ... 1,405 ... ... 18.9 ... ...
5 rooms 25,930 ... ... 14.7 ... ... 1,095 ... ... 14.7 ... ...
6 rooms 21,075 ... ... 11.9 ... ... 1,255 ... ... 16.9 ... ...
7 rooms 18,010 ... ... 10.2 ... ... 1,120 ... ... 15.1 ... ...
8 or more rooms 43,240 ... ... 24.5 ... ... 2,560 ... ... 34.5 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 5.7 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 6.7 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 176,770 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 7,425 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 174,340 ... ... 98.6 ... ... 7,385 ... ... 99.5 ... ...
More than one person per room 2,425 ... ... 1.4 ... ... 45 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 176,770 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 7,425 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Suitable 169,460 ... ... 95.9 ... ... 7,215 ... ... 97.2 ... ...
Not suitable 7,310 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 215 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 176,770 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 7,425 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1960 or before 38,285 ... ... 21.7 ... ... 725 ... ... 9.8 ... ...
1961 to 1980 53,280 ... ... 30.1 ... ... 2,405 ... ... 32.4 ... ...
1981 to 1990 23,490 ... ... 13.3 ... ... 1,255 ... ... 16.9 ... ...
1991 to 2000 19,430 ... ... 11.0 ... ... 570 ... ... 7.7 ... ...
2001 to 2005 7,930 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 410 ... ... 5.5 ... ...
2006 to 2010 10,755 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 760 ... ... 10.2 ... ...
2011 to 2015 8,520 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 360 ... ... 4.8 ... ...
2016 to 202157 15,080 ... ... 8.5 ... ... 945 ... ... 12.7 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 176,770 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 7,425 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 167,595 ... ... 94.8 ... ... 7,090 ... ... 95.5 ... ...
Major repairs needed 9,175 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 340 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 176,770 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 7,425 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-maintainer household 87,600 ... ... 49.6 ... ... 3,070 ... ... 41.3 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 79,225 ... ... 44.8 ... ... 3,865 ... ... 52.1 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 9,950 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 495 ... ... 6.7 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 176,770 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 7,425 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
15 to 24 years 6,495 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 160 ... ... 2.2 ... ...
25 to 34 years 24,530 ... ... 13.9 ... ... 875 ... ... 11.8 ... ...
35 to 44 years 28,310 ... ... 16.0 ... ... 1,475 ... ... 19.9 ... ...
45 to 54 years 27,880 ... ... 15.8 ... ... 1,270 ... ... 17.1 ... ...
55 to 64 years 33,020 ... ... 18.7 ... ... 1,555 ... ... 20.9 ... ...
65 to 74 years 32,405 ... ... 18.3 ... ... 1,230 ... ... 16.6 ... ...
75 to 84 years 17,395 ... ... 9.8 ... ... 665 ... ... 9.0 ... ...
85 years and over 6,740 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 210 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 173,410 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 7,410 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 128,295 ... ... 74.0 ... ... 6,015 ... ... 81.2 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 45,115 ... ... 26.0 ... ... 1,395 ... ... 18.8 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 40,305 ... ... 23.2 ... ... 1,255 ... ... 16.9 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 176,770 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 7,425 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 56,830 ... ... 32.1 ... ... 1,805 ... ... 24.3 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 40,850 ... ... 23.1 ... ... 1,260 ... ... 17.0 ... ...
Not suitable only 5,225 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 155 ... ... 2.1 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 6,090 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 245 ... ... 3.3 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 1,580 ... ... 0.9 ... ... 45 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 2,575 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 80 ... ... 1.1 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 405 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 10 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 110 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Acceptable housing 119,940 ... ... 67.9 ... ... 5,625 ... ... 75.8 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 168,595 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 7,270 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
In core need 21,740 ... ... 12.9 ... ... 550 ... ... 7.6 ... ...
Not in core need 146,860 ... ... 87.1 ... ... 6,720 ... ... 92.4 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 107,365 ... ... ... ... ... 5,450 ... ... ... ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 56.8 ... ... 56.8 ... ... 64.8 ... ... 64.8 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 17.4 ... ... 17.4 ... ... 15.0 ... ... 15.0 ... ...
% in core housing need63 6.0 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,380 ... ... 1,380 ... ... 1,680 ... ... 1,680 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,670 ... ... 1,670 ... ... 1,698 ... ... 1,698 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 850,000 ... ... 850,000 ... ... 800,000 ... ... 800,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 945,000 ... ... 945,000 ... ... 823,000 ... ... 823,000 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 66,530 ... ... ... ... ... 1,975 ... ... ... ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 10.9 ... ... 10.9 ... ... 15.7 ... ... 15.7 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 40.0 ... ... 40.0 ... ... 29.1 ... ... 29.1 ... ...
% in core housing need63 24.3 ... ... 24.3 ... ... 17.2 ... ... 17.2 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,350 ... ... 1,350 ... ... 1,370 ... ... 1,370 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,452 ... ... 1,452 ... ... 1,514 ... ... 1,514 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 240 ... ... ... ... ... 0 ... ... ... ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 14.6 ... ... 14.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 552 ... ... 552 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 516 ... ... 516 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 388,470 188,145 200,330 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,795 9,280 9,515 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 6,340 3,090 3,250 1.6 1.6 1.6 235 120 110 1.3 1.3 1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 6,225 3,050 3,175 1.6 1.6 1.6 230 115 110 1.2 1.2 1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 5,150 2,500 2,650 1.3 1.3 1.3 130 50 85 0.7 0.5 0.9
Métis single ancestry 1,035 540 490 0.3 0.3 0.2 85 60 20 0.5 0.6 0.2
Inuit single ancestry 40 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 115 40 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 110 40 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 16,335 7,560 8,775 4.2 4.0 4.4 860 340 520 4.6 3.7 5.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 15,705 7,310 8,395 4.0 3.9 4.2 840 340 505 4.5 3.7 5.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 10,560 5,010 5,545 2.7 2.7 2.8 565 220 345 3.0 2.4 3.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 4,990 2,210 2,780 1.3 1.2 1.4 255 110 145 1.4 1.2 1.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 155 85 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 630 250 380 0.2 0.1 0.2 15 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 595 240 350 0.2 0.1 0.2 15 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 365,795 177,495 188,300 94.2 94.3 94.0 17,700 8,820 8,880 94.2 95.0 93.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 388,470 188,145 200,330 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,795 9,280 9,515 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian citizens77 360,585 175,030 185,555 92.8 93.0 92.6 17,990 8,915 9,075 95.7 96.1 95.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18 58,235 29,860 28,375 15.0 15.9 14.2 3,655 1,840 1,815 19.4 19.8 19.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 302,355 145,170 157,180 77.8 77.2 78.5 14,335 7,075 7,260 76.3 76.2 76.3
Not Canadian citizens78 27,885 13,115 14,770 7.2 7.0 7.4 800 360 440 4.3 3.9 4.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 388,470 188,145 200,330 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,795 9,280 9,515 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-immigrants80 306,395 149,770 156,625 78.9 79.6 78.2 16,170 7,990 8,185 86.0 86.1 86.0
Immigrants81 73,345 33,955 39,385 18.9 18.0 19.7 2,380 1,155 1,220 12.7 12.4 12.8
Before 1980 25,145 11,620 13,525 6.5 6.2 6.8 935 470 465 5.0 5.1 4.9
1980 to 1990 8,235 3,975 4,260 2.1 2.1 2.1 295 165 135 1.6 1.8 1.4
1991 to 2000 9,595 4,290 5,305 2.5 2.3 2.6 285 120 170 1.5 1.3 1.8
2001 to 2010 12,675 5,755 6,925 3.3 3.1 3.5 320 185 135 1.7 2.0 1.4
2011 to 202182 17,700 8,320 9,380 4.6 4.4 4.7 540 215 320 2.9 2.3 3.4
2011 to 2015 7,620 3,575 4,040 2.0 1.9 2.0 235 95 140 1.3 1.0 1.5
2016 to 2021 10,080 4,740 5,335 2.6 2.5 2.7 305 120 180 1.6 1.3 1.9
Non-permanent residents83 8,730 4,420 4,310 2.2 2.3 2.2 240 130 115 1.3 1.4 1.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 73,345 33,960 39,390 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,375 1,155 1,220 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years 7,675 3,740 3,930 10.5 11.0 10.0 290 145 140 12.2 12.6 11.5
5 to 14 years 12,615 6,425 6,190 17.2 18.9 15.7 445 265 180 18.7 22.9 14.8
15 to 24 years 14,040 6,270 7,775 19.1 18.5 19.7 480 225 255 20.2 19.5 20.9
25 to 44 years 32,125 14,420 17,700 43.8 42.5 44.9 1,020 450 565 42.9 39.0 46.3
45 years and over 6,885 3,100 3,785 9.4 9.1 9.6 145 70 75 6.1 6.1 6.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 73,345 33,960 39,390 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,375 1,155 1,220 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 10,960 4,910 6,045 14.9 14.5 15.3 400 175 225 16.8 15.2 18.4
Brazil 420 210 205 0.6 0.6 0.5 10 0 10 0.4 0.0 0.8
Colombia 535 230 300 0.7 0.7 0.8 40 20 20 1.7 1.7 1.6
El Salvador 230 120 105 0.3 0.4 0.3 20 10 10 0.8 0.9 0.8
Guyana 150 65 80 0.2 0.2 0.2 15 10 0 0.6 0.9 0.0
Haiti 75 40 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 335 170 165 0.5 0.5 0.4 25 10 10 1.1 0.9 0.8
Mexico 870 410 465 1.2 1.2 1.2 20 10 15 0.8 0.9 1.2
Peru 155 65 95 0.2 0.2 0.2 25 15 10 1.1 1.3 0.8
Trinidad and Tobago 250 90 160 0.3 0.3 0.4 20 0 15 0.8 0.0 1.2
United States of America 6,505 2,830 3,670 8.9 8.3 9.3 200 80 115 8.4 6.9 9.4
Other places of birth in Americas 1,440 680 760 2.0 2.0 1.9 35 20 15 1.5 1.7 1.2
Europe 28,830 13,830 14,995 39.3 40.7 38.1 1,040 545 495 43.8 47.2 40.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina 115 45 70 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatia 330 145 190 0.4 0.4 0.5 15 0 10 0.6 0.0 0.8
France 575 230 350 0.8 0.7 0.9 25 20 10 1.1 1.7 0.8
Germany 2,615 1,200 1,420 3.6 3.5 3.6 115 55 55 4.8 4.8 4.5
Greece 275 150 120 0.4 0.4 0.3 10 10 0 0.4 0.9 0.0
Hungary 400 200 200 0.5 0.6 0.5 20 10 10 0.8 0.9 0.8
Italy 650 350 300 0.9 1.0 0.8 10 10 0 0.4 0.9 0.0
Netherlands 1,500 680 825 2.0 2.0 2.1 35 25 10 1.5 2.2 0.8
Poland 945 470 470 1.3 1.4 1.2 25 0 15 1.1 0.0 1.2
Portugal 875 380 495 1.2 1.1 1.3 60 35 30 2.5 3.0 2.5
Romania 440 205 235 0.6 0.6 0.6 15 10 0 0.6 0.9 0.0
Russian Federation 735 300 430 1.0 0.9 1.1 30 10 20 1.3 0.9 1.6
Serbia86 210 110 95 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukraine 535 265 270 0.7 0.8 0.7 25 15 15 1.1 1.3 1.2
United Kingdom87 15,185 7,410 7,775 20.7 21.8 19.7 515 280 235 21.7 24.2 19.3
Other places of birth in Europe 3,440 1,695 1,750 4.7 5.0 4.4 140 65 75 5.9 5.6 6.1
Africa 3,825 1,940 1,880 5.2 5.7 4.8 110 60 50 4.6 5.2 4.1
Algeria 30 20 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 55 20 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 180 125 60 0.2 0.4 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eritrea 155 80 70 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ethiopia 300 140 165 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 155 90 65 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nigeria 290 145 145 0.4 0.4 0.4 20 15 0 0.8 1.3 0.0
Somalia 75 45 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 1,245 610 635 1.7 1.8 1.6 35 15 15 1.5 1.3 1.2
Other places of birth in Africa 1,340 675 660 1.8 2.0 1.7 45 20 20 1.9 1.7 1.6
Asia 28,355 12,455 15,900 38.7 36.7 40.4 780 345 435 32.8 29.9 35.7
Afghanistan 55 40 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iran88 900 455 445 1.2 1.3 1.1 25 10 15 1.1 0.9 1.2
Iraq 125 65 60 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 0 0 0.4 0.0 0.0
Lebanon 175 80 95 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syria89 540 280 260 0.7 0.8 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkey 290 160 130 0.4 0.5 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
China90 6,480 2,825 3,655 8.8 8.3 9.3 125 70 55 5.3 6.1 4.5
Hong Kong91 1,195 620 575 1.6 1.8 1.5 20 10 15 0.8 0.9 1.2
Korea, South92 1,345 630 710 1.8 1.9 1.8 90 30 60 3.8 2.6 4.9
Taiwan 655 250 400 0.9 0.7 1.0 30 15 15 1.3 1.3 1.2
Philippines 6,140 2,405 3,735 8.4 7.1 9.5 160 50 105 6.7 4.3 8.6
Viet Nam 1,145 465 675 1.6 1.4 1.7 50 20 30 2.1 1.7 2.5
Bangladesh 160 80 85 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 4,875 2,450 2,430 6.6 7.2 6.2 75 45 30 3.2 3.9 2.5
Pakistan 480 245 235 0.7 0.7 0.6 15 0 10 0.6 0.0 0.8
Sri Lanka 155 80 75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Asia 3,640 1,335 2,305 5.0 3.9 5.9 160 75 90 6.7 6.5 7.4
Oceania and other places of birth93 1,380 820 560 1.9 2.4 1.4 45 25 20 1.9 2.2 1.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 10,080 4,740 5,340 100.0 100.0 100.0 300 120 185 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 1,430 640 790 14.2 13.5 14.8 60 25 40 20.0 20.8 21.6
Brazil 130 50 75 1.3 1.1 1.4 10 0 10 3.3 0.0 5.4
Colombia 115 35 75 1.1 0.7 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 30 15 15 0.3 0.3 0.3 10 0 0 3.3 0.0 0.0
Mexico 130 70 65 1.3 1.5 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United States of America 825 385 440 8.2 8.1 8.2 40 20 20 13.3 16.7 10.8
Venezuela95 25 15 15 0.2 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Americas 175 75 100 1.7 1.6 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Europe 1,350 720 635 13.4 15.2 11.9 55 20 30 18.3 16.7 16.2
France 75 45 35 0.7 0.9 0.7 10 10 0 3.3 8.3 0.0
Germany 125 55 65 1.2 1.2 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ireland96 80 50 25 0.8 1.1 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 45 35 10 0.4 0.7 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian Federation 60 15 45 0.6 0.3 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukraine 75 35 45 0.7 0.7 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Kingdom87 545 340 205 5.4 7.2 3.8 15 0 15 5.0 0.0 8.1
Other places of birth in Europe 345 145 205 3.4 3.1 3.8 35 15 20 11.7 12.5 10.8
Africa 815 410 410 8.1 8.6 7.7 25 10 10 8.3 8.3 5.4
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 15 10 10 0.1 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Côte d'Ivoire 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 25 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eritrea 50 30 20 0.5 0.6 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ethiopia 80 35 40 0.8 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 30 10 20 0.3 0.2 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nigeria 185 95 90 1.8 2.0 1.7 15 10 10 5.0 8.3 5.4
Somalia 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 75 40 30 0.7 0.8 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sudan97 80 35 45 0.8 0.7 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisia 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Africa 235 120 115 2.3 2.5 2.2 10 0 0 3.3 0.0 0.0
Asia 6,290 2,820 3,465 62.4 59.5 64.9 160 65 100 53.3 54.2 54.1
Afghanistan 30 20 10 0.3 0.4 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bangladesh 50 20 30 0.5 0.4 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
China90 1,195 475 720 11.9 10.0 13.5 35 15 20 11.7 12.5 10.8
Hong Kong91 25 15 0 0.2 0.3 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 1,205 640 560 12.0 13.5 10.5 25 15 10 8.3 12.5 5.4
Iran88 85 40 45 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iraq 65 35 35 0.6 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israel 25 10 15 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japan 215 55 155 2.1 1.2 2.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordan 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korea, South92 280 120 160 2.8 2.5 3.0 10 0 10 3.3 0.0 5.4
Lebanon 55 20 40 0.5 0.4 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepal 75 50 30 0.7 1.1 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pakistan 105 55 45 1.0 1.2 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Philippines 1,740 750 990 17.3 15.8 18.5 20 0 20 6.7 0.0 10.8
Saudi Arabia 35 10 30 0.3 0.2 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sri Lanka 20 10 0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syria89 465 245 225 4.6 5.2 4.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkey 140 80 60 1.4 1.7 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Arab Emirates 30 15 15 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Viet Nam 165 40 125 1.6 0.8 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Asia 270 110 155 2.7 2.3 2.9 30 15 15 10.0 12.5 8.1
Oceania and other93 190 150 40 1.9 3.2 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Australia 135 100 35 1.3 2.1 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth98 55 50 10 0.5 1.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 388,475 188,145 200,325 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,790 9,280 9,515 100.0 100.0 100.0
First generation100 88,845 41,675 47,170 22.9 22.2 23.5 2,930 1,495 1,430 15.6 16.1 15.0
Second generation101 83,375 40,130 43,250 21.5 21.3 21.6 3,505 1,700 1,805 18.7 18.3 19.0
Third generation or more102 216,250 106,345 109,910 55.7 56.5 54.9 12,360 6,080 6,280 65.8 65.5 66.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 48,205 22,340 25,865 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,445 685 755 100.0 100.0 100.0
Economic immigrants104 26,330 12,975 13,350 54.6 58.1 51.6 710 400 310 49.1 58.4 41.1
Principal applicants105 12,075 6,720 5,350 25.0 30.1 20.7 355 225 130 24.6 32.8 17.2
Secondary applicants106 14,255 6,255 8,000 29.6 28.0 30.9 355 170 180 24.6 24.8 23.8
Immigrants sponsored by family107 17,465 6,995 10,470 36.2 31.3 40.5 595 205 385 41.2 29.9 51.0
Refugees108 3,980 2,180 1,805 8.3 9.8 7.0 120 70 50 8.3 10.2 6.6
Other immigrants109 425 190 235 0.9 0.9 0.9 20 0 15 1.4 0.0 2.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 48,205 22,340 25,865 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,445 685 755 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asylum claim before admission111 985 545 435 2.0 2.4 1.7 20 10 15 1.4 1.5 2.0
Work permits only before admission112 8,570 3,740 4,830 17.8 16.7 18.7 245 115 130 17.0 16.8 17.2
Study permits only before admission113 2,250 1,060 1,195 4.7 4.7 4.6 65 35 30 4.5 5.1 4.0
Work and study permits before admission114 3,855 1,740 2,115 8.0 7.8 8.2 150 80 65 10.4 11.7 8.6
Other permits before admission115 315 110 205 0.7 0.5 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
No pre-admission experience116 32,230 15,150 17,080 66.9 67.8 66.0 965 445 520 66.8 65.0 68.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 388,475 188,150 200,325 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,790 9,280 9,515 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total visible minority population118 64,775 30,700 34,075 16.7 16.3 17.0 1,985 985 995 10.6 10.6 10.5
South Asian 13,720 6,995 6,725 3.5 3.7 3.4 280 175 95 1.5 1.9 1.0
Chinese 17,385 8,160 9,225 4.5 4.3 4.6 410 215 195 2.2 2.3 2.0
Black 5,085 2,640 2,445 1.3 1.4 1.2 230 110 125 1.2 1.2 1.3
Filipino 8,530 3,550 4,975 2.2 1.9 2.5 265 90 180 1.4 1.0 1.9
Arab 1,980 1,070 910 0.5 0.6 0.5 60 30 25 0.3 0.3 0.3
Latin American 3,940 1,800 2,135 1.0 1.0 1.1 185 80 105 1.0 0.9 1.1
Southeast Asian 3,805 1,740 2,065 1.0 0.9 1.0 180 90 90 1.0 1.0 0.9
West Asian 1,525 760 765 0.4 0.4 0.4 55 25 30 0.3 0.3 0.3
Korean 2,330 1,125 1,205 0.6 0.6 0.6 130 45 85 0.7 0.5 0.9
Japanese 3,310 1,305 2,015 0.9 0.7 1.0 80 45 35 0.4 0.5 0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 825 405 420 0.2 0.2 0.2 40 30 15 0.2 0.3 0.2
Multiple visible minorities 2,345 1,150 1,195 0.6 0.6 0.6 60 40 15 0.3 0.4 0.2
Not a visible minority120 323,695 157,440 166,255 83.3 83.7 83.0 16,810 8,295 8,515 89.5 89.4 89.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 388,470 188,145 200,325 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,795 9,280 9,515 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian 42,705 21,680 21,025 11.0 11.5 10.5 2,825 1,370 1,450 15.0 14.8 15.2
English 121,950 58,785 63,165 31.4 31.2 31.5 6,630 3,220 3,405 35.3 34.7 35.8
Irish 71,385 32,655 38,730 18.4 17.4 19.3 3,355 1,585 1,775 17.9 17.1 18.7
Scottish 91,870 43,630 48,240 23.6 23.2 24.1 4,680 2,205 2,475 24.9 23.8 26.0
French, n.o.s.122 31,275 14,530 16,745 8.1 7.7 8.4 1,605 815 785 8.5 8.8 8.3
German 47,875 22,800 25,075 12.3 12.1 12.5 2,440 1,195 1,240 13.0 12.9 13.0
Chinese 18,125 8,535 9,595 4.7 4.5 4.8 405 235 175 2.2 2.5 1.8
Italian 12,750 5,960 6,790 3.3 3.2 3.4 525 245 280 2.8 2.6 2.9
Indian (India) 9,195 4,630 4,565 2.4 2.5 2.3 180 110 70 1.0 1.2 0.7
Ukrainian 18,825 8,925 9,900 4.8 4.7 4.9 935 440 490 5.0 4.7 5.1
Dutch 17,205 8,215 8,995 4.4 4.4 4.5 700 360 340 3.7 3.9 3.6
Polish 12,750 6,130 6,620 3.3 3.3 3.3 515 255 260 2.7 2.7 2.7
Québécois 915 450 470 0.2 0.2 0.2 70 45 25 0.4 0.5 0.3
British Isles, n.o.s.123 25,080 11,875 13,205 6.5 6.3 6.6 1,055 500 560 5.6 5.4 5.9
Filipino 8,525 3,555 4,980 2.2 1.9 2.5 300 100 195 1.6 1.1 2.0
French Canadian 4,420 2,165 2,255 1.1 1.2 1.1 240 110 130 1.3 1.2 1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 8,280 4,285 3,995 2.1 2.3 2.0 435 245 190 2.3 2.6 2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 7,595 3,670 3,925 2.0 2.0 2.0 340 120 220 1.8 1.3 2.3
Métis 6,760 3,040 3,720 1.7 1.6 1.9 365 175 185 1.9 1.9 1.9
European, n.o.s.126 10,900 5,485 5,415 2.8 2.9 2.7 625 280 340 3.3 3.0 3.6
Russian 8,435 3,905 4,530 2.2 2.1 2.3 425 220 205 2.3 2.4 2.2
Norwegian 13,100 6,090 7,005 3.4 3.2 3.5 560 300 265 3.0 3.2 2.8
Welsh 13,395 6,165 7,230 3.4 3.3 3.6 560 285 275 3.0 3.1 2.9
Portuguese 3,955 1,975 1,975 1.0 1.0 1.0 205 90 115 1.1 1.0 1.2
American 7,810 3,615 4,190 2.0 1.9 2.1 310 175 135 1.6 1.9 1.4
Spanish 4,150 1,845 2,310 1.1 1.0 1.2 135 50 85 0.7 0.5 0.9
Swedish 9,650 4,375 5,280 2.5 2.3 2.6 560 270 295 3.0 2.9 3.1
Hungarian 4,640 2,220 2,420 1.2 1.2 1.2 285 135 150 1.5 1.5 1.6
Acadian 1,035 480 560 0.3 0.3 0.3 35 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pakistani 695 350 340 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s.127 1,460 775 680 0.4 0.4 0.3 60 35 25 0.3 0.4 0.3
Jewish 3,595 1,850 1,740 0.9 1.0 0.9 105 70 35 0.6 0.8 0.4
Punjabi 1,490 745 745 0.4 0.4 0.4 30 20 10 0.2 0.2 0.1
Vietnamese 2,295 1,060 1,235 0.6 0.6 0.6 95 50 50 0.5 0.5 0.5
Arab, n.o.s.128 955 515 450 0.2 0.3 0.2 30 20 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
Greek 2,225 1,065 1,160 0.6 0.6 0.6 70 55 20 0.4 0.6 0.2
Jamaican 870 425 450 0.2 0.2 0.2 40 25 15 0.2 0.3 0.2
Asian, n.o.s.129 1,710 745 970 0.4 0.4 0.5 50 25 30 0.3 0.3 0.3
Cree, n.o.s.130 2,060 890 1,175 0.5 0.5 0.6 70 35 40 0.4 0.4 0.4
Korean 2,370 1,190 1,180 0.6 0.6 0.6 125 45 75 0.7 0.5 0.8
Romanian 2,405 1,105 1,300 0.6 0.6 0.6 90 45 45 0.5 0.5 0.5
Lebanese 855 440 420 0.2 0.2 0.2 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Iranian 1,280 630 650 0.3 0.3 0.3 35 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
Christian, n.i.e.131 740 410 335 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Danish 6,390 3,085 3,310 1.6 1.6 1.7 305 130 170 1.6 1.4 1.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 1,525 765 765 0.4 0.4 0.4 90 25 65 0.5 0.3 0.7
Sikh 1,335 660 675 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austrian 4,485 2,050 2,430 1.2 1.1 1.2 170 80 90 0.9 0.9 0.9
Belgian 2,220 1,080 1,140 0.6 0.6 0.6 105 55 50 0.6 0.6 0.5
Haitian 85 50 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindu 765 400 365 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mexican 2,020 975 1,040 0.5 0.5 0.5 85 45 50 0.5 0.5 0.5
Mennonite 1,190 620 570 0.3 0.3 0.3 60 25 30 0.3 0.3 0.3
Swiss 2,670 1,190 1,485 0.7 0.6 0.7 125 40 85 0.7 0.4 0.9
Finnish 3,295 1,645 1,655 0.8 0.9 0.8 170 90 80 0.9 1.0 0.8
Sri Lankan 265 130 140 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 1,840 900 935 0.5 0.5 0.5 55 30 30 0.3 0.3 0.3
Japanese 3,800 1,505 2,300 1.0 0.8 1.1 85 50 35 0.5 0.5 0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.133 540 300 245 0.1 0.2 0.1 30 20 10 0.2 0.2 0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 575 255 320 0.1 0.1 0.2 40 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.135 3,435 1,680 1,750 0.9 0.9 0.9 170 90 85 0.9 1.0 0.9
Muslim 340 170 170 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Egyptian 390 215 175 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 695 310 385 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 145 70 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 2,740 1,325 1,410 0.7 0.7 0.7 165 65 95 0.9 0.7 1.0
Colombian 715 325 385 0.2 0.2 0.2 80 55 25 0.4 0.6 0.3
Moroccan 250 115 130 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 20 10 0.1 0.2 0.1
Czech 1,860 900 965 0.5 0.5 0.5 95 50 45 0.5 0.5 0.5
Syrian 535 275 255 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guyanese 215 100 115 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Afghan 115 70 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Black, n.o.s.137 390 200 190 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 695 345 350 0.2 0.2 0.2 20 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Ojibway 605 280 320 0.2 0.1 0.2 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Newfoundlander 545 320 230 0.1 0.2 0.1 50 20 30 0.3 0.2 0.3
Hong Konger 405 175 230 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ontarian 475 215 255 0.1 0.1 0.1 45 15 25 0.2 0.2 0.3
Persian 570 285 285 0.1 0.2 0.1 35 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 405 185 215 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 10 0.1 0.2 0.1
Turkish 725 360 370 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.138 205 90 115 0.1 0.0 0.1 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.2
Bangladeshi 185 95 90 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algerian 80 55 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Brazilian 765 405 365 0.2 0.2 0.2 45 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.2
Nigerian 350 170 185 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 245 150 100 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 850 420 425 0.2 0.2 0.2 35 30 10 0.2 0.3 0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 1,205 525 675 0.3 0.3 0.3 50 25 25 0.3 0.3 0.3
Somali 160 90 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Taiwanese 705 295 410 0.2 0.2 0.2 45 15 30 0.2 0.2 0.3
Iraqi 180 80 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salvadorean 265 120 140 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 15 0.1 0.2 0.2
African Caribbean 170 55 115 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 490 245 240 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 25 10 0.2 0.3 0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 235 125 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 240 125 115 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquin 295 140 155 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.143 170 75 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 1,055 580 475 0.3 0.3 0.2 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
South African 1,320 605 715 0.3 0.3 0.4 40 35 15 0.2 0.4 0.2
Australian 1,620 820 795 0.4 0.4 0.4 50 15 30 0.3 0.2 0.3
Palestinian 170 110 65 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chilean 445 195 250 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Congolese 115 70 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nova Scotian 280 145 135 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ethiopian 295 120 175 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 335 150 185 0.1 0.1 0.1 35 10 25 0.2 0.1 0.3
Peruvian 340 135 210 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 10 0.1 0.2 0.1
Yoruba 140 60 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cambodian (Khmer) 285 125 165 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber 75 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albanian 265 125 140 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 315 150 170 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Macedonian 105 40 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovenian 415 185 235 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Western European, n.o.s.145 1,220 600 625 0.3 0.3 0.3 65 30 35 0.3 0.3 0.4
New Brunswicker 135 70 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Gujarati 170 85 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eritrean 205 105 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Canadian 180 100 75 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israeli 315 170 140 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mohawk 225 95 130 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 495 195 295 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2
Bulgarian 335 145 185 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albertan 405 170 235 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ghanaian 155 75 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.2
Barbadian 150 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
African American 330 185 145 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 25 0 0.2 0.3 0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 435 205 230 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tunisian 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.148 440 220 220 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cuban 205 110 95 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 185 90 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuelan 140 55 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 590 300 300 0.2 0.2 0.1 35 15 25 0.2 0.2 0.3
Bengali 85 50 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroonian 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guatemalan 150 85 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 465 205 265 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.2
Laotian 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 225 130 100 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Irish 590 280 305 0.2 0.1 0.2 25 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.150 820 360 460 0.2 0.2 0.2 25 10 20 0.1 0.1 0.2
British Columbian 2,065 1,010 1,050 0.5 0.5 0.5 155 60 95 0.8 0.6 1.0
Ecuadorian 150 35 115 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Franco Ontarian 70 15 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Argentinian 255 115 140 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 535 190 345 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 60 45 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 190 100 90 0.0 0.1 0.0 15 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Jatt 85 30 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
North American, n.o.s.151 365 195 175 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 25 30 0.3 0.3 0.3
Coptic 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 565 245 325 0.1 0.1 0.2 35 20 10 0.2 0.2 0.1
Dominican 135 55 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 220 115 100 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian 40 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Byelorussian 210 100 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s.152 45 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 135 55 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Abenaki 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldovan 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 125 50 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
New Zealander 935 415 520 0.2 0.2 0.3 40 25 25 0.2 0.3 0.3
Sudanese 105 45 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Breton 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch 185 75 115 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malaysian 275 120 155 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Plains Cree 60 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
North African, n.o.s.155 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Huron (Wendat) 50 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saskatchewanian 295 150 140 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 25 0 0.1 0.3 0.0
Buddhist 35 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gaspesian 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norman 120 90 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ivorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteaux 75 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 135 60 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrinya 85 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nicaraguan 85 30 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mauritian 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kenyan 145 65 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Oji-Cree 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vincentian 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordanian 90 60 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Manitoban 155 55 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cape Bretoner 95 25 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Rwandan 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grenadian 65 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayali 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhalese 50 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mayan 100 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Honduran 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cherokee 280 140 140 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 20 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Caribbean 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Flemish 170 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Empire Loyalist 140 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Senegalese 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sicilian 110 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashtun 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 145 70 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Goan 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.158 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 145 75 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Zimbabwean 125 75 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 110 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Mongolian 70 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azorean 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamileke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ugandan 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 155 95 55 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tanzanian 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yemeni 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central African 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Libyan 100 70 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Basque 125 60 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uruguayan 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan, n.o.s.159 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 60 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igorot 70 25 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulani 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Woodland Cree 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guinean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
St. Lucian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Prince Edward Islander 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maliseet 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Beninese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Roma 200 95 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Costa Rican 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Nova Scotian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Singaporean 100 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tajik 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amhara 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paraguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 388,475 188,145 200,325 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,790 9,280 9,510 100.0 100.0 100.0
Buddhist 4,090 1,720 2,365 1.1 0.9 1.2 115 45 70 0.6 0.5 0.7
Christian 126,855 56,135 70,725 32.7 29.8 35.3 6,410 2,865 3,550 34.1 30.9 37.3
Christian, n.o.s.162 25,065 11,515 13,555 6.5 6.1 6.8 1,390 635 755 7.4 6.8 7.9
Anabaptist 420 195 220 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 15 0.1 0.2 0.2
Anglican 19,770 8,415 11,355 5.1 4.5 5.7 935 430 505 5.0 4.6 5.3
Baptist 4,600 2,060 2,535 1.2 1.1 1.3 290 120 180 1.5 1.3 1.9
Catholic 40,290 18,240 22,055 10.4 9.7 11.0 1,785 810 975 9.5 8.7 10.3
Christian Orthodox 2,265 1,070 1,195 0.6 0.6 0.6 100 40 60 0.5 0.4 0.6
Jehovah's Witness 1,565 620 940 0.4 0.3 0.5 135 65 70 0.7 0.7 0.7
Latter Day Saints 1,305 580 725 0.3 0.3 0.4 65 35 30 0.3 0.4 0.3
Lutheran 3,380 1,460 1,920 0.9 0.8 1.0 190 65 125 1.0 0.7 1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 770 345 430 0.2 0.2 0.2 60 20 40 0.3 0.2 0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 2,905 1,305 1,600 0.7 0.7 0.8 270 130 140 1.4 1.4 1.5
Presbyterian 2,985 1,330 1,655 0.8 0.7 0.8 80 35 45 0.4 0.4 0.5
Reformed 520 250 260 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
United Church 13,340 5,200 8,140 3.4 2.8 4.1 580 205 370 3.1 2.2 3.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 7,680 3,535 4,145 2.0 1.9 2.1 470 235 235 2.5 2.5 2.5
Hindu 3,105 1,675 1,430 0.8 0.9 0.7 80 45 35 0.4 0.5 0.4
Jewish 2,745 1,300 1,440 0.7 0.7 0.7 90 55 30 0.5 0.6 0.3
Muslim 4,975 2,625 2,350 1.3 1.4 1.2 145 70 70 0.8 0.8 0.7
Sikh 5,160 2,540 2,620 1.3 1.4 1.3 40 25 15 0.2 0.3 0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 755 325 430 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions 5,940 2,335 3,605 1.5 1.2 1.8 220 85 135 1.2 0.9 1.4
No religion and secular perspectives 234,855 119,490 115,360 60.5 63.5 57.6 11,685 6,085 5,600 62.2 65.6 58.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 385,795 186,655 199,135 100.0 100.0 100.0 18,645 9,210 9,440 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 325,705 157,675 168,025 84.4 84.5 84.4 16,270 8,040 8,225 87.3 87.3 87.1
Movers 60,085 28,975 31,110 15.6 15.5 15.6 2,380 1,165 1,215 12.8 12.6 12.9
Non-migrants 36,620 17,855 18,765 9.5 9.6 9.4 1,420 665 750 7.6 7.2 7.9
Migrants 23,465 11,120 12,345 6.1 6.0 6.2 960 495 465 5.1 5.4 4.9
Internal migrants 19,820 9,480 10,335 5.1 5.1 5.2 810 415 390 4.3 4.5 4.1
Intraprovincial migrants 12,625 5,945 6,680 3.3 3.2 3.4 540 260 275 2.9 2.8 2.9
Interprovincial migrants 7,190 3,535 3,655 1.9 1.9 1.8 270 155 115 1.4 1.7 1.2
External migrants 3,650 1,640 2,010 0.9 0.9 1.0 155 80 75 0.8 0.9 0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 373,350 180,430 192,920 100.0 100.0 100.0 17,785 8,790 8,990 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 204,830 98,640 106,190 54.9 54.7 55.0 9,885 4,850 5,035 55.6 55.2 56.0
Movers 168,520 81,790 86,725 45.1 45.3 45.0 7,905 3,940 3,965 44.4 44.8 44.1
Non-migrants 45,325 22,490 22,835 12.1 12.5 11.8 1,325 685 640 7.5 7.8 7.1
Migrants 123,195 59,300 63,900 33.0 32.9 33.1 6,580 3,255 3,320 37.0 37.0 36.9
Internal migrants 107,070 51,465 55,605 28.7 28.5 28.8 6,120 3,025 3,090 34.4 34.4 34.4
Intraprovincial migrants 80,645 38,530 42,120 21.6 21.4 21.8 4,620 2,250 2,375 26.0 25.6 26.4
Interprovincial migrants 26,425 12,940 13,490 7.1 7.2 7.0 1,500 780 720 8.4 8.9 8.0
External migrants 16,120 7,830 8,290 4.3 4.3 4.3 455 225 230 2.6 2.6 2.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 338,040 162,400 175,640 100.0 100.0 100.0 15,645 7,665 7,980 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 40,770 22,070 18,695 12.1 13.6 10.6 2,155 1,245 910 13.8 16.2 11.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 297,275 140,325 156,950 87.9 86.4 89.4 13,490 6,415 7,070 86.2 83.7 88.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 209,000 101,560 107,440 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,215 5,030 5,185 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 16,180 9,680 6,500 7.7 9.5 6.0 880 580 300 8.6 11.5 5.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 192,820 91,875 100,940 92.3 90.5 94.0 9,335 4,455 4,880 91.4 88.6 94.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 338,040 162,400 175,640 100.0 100.0 100.0 15,650 7,665 7,980 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 35,000 18,495 16,500 10.4 11.4 9.4 1,750 960 790 11.2 12.5 9.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 94,050 46,095 47,955 27.8 28.4 27.3 5,330 2,560 2,770 34.1 33.4 34.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 208,990 97,810 111,185 61.8 60.2 63.3 8,565 4,145 4,420 54.7 54.1 55.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 95,345 46,520 48,830 28.2 28.6 27.8 5,250 2,685 2,570 33.5 35.0 32.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 23,920 17,855 6,070 7.1 11.0 3.5 1,550 1,255 295 9.9 16.4 3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 9,470 5,320 4,150 2.8 3.3 2.4 570 380 185 3.6 5.0 2.3
Apprenticeship certificate169 14,455 12,535 1,920 4.3 7.7 1.1 985 875 110 6.3 11.4 1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 60,645 24,535 36,110 17.9 15.1 20.6 3,260 1,265 1,990 20.8 16.5 24.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 10,780 4,130 6,650 3.2 2.5 3.8 440 165 280 2.8 2.2 3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher 113,645 51,290 62,355 33.6 31.6 35.5 3,310 1,460 1,850 21.2 19.0 23.2
Bachelor's degree 69,475 30,615 38,865 20.6 18.9 22.1 2,265 955 1,310 14.5 12.5 16.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 7,115 2,995 4,120 2.1 1.8 2.3 180 60 120 1.2 0.8 1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 3,115 1,805 1,310 0.9 1.1 0.7 60 45 20 0.4 0.6 0.3
Master's degree 27,665 11,985 15,680 8.2 7.4 8.9 715 340 375 4.6 4.4 4.7
Earned doctorate171 6,270 3,900 2,380 1.9 2.4 1.4 95 55 35 0.6 0.7 0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 209,000 101,555 107,445 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,220 5,035 5,185 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 12,940 7,690 5,245 6.2 7.6 4.9 635 405 225 6.2 8.0 4.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 49,920 26,665 23,255 23.9 26.3 21.6 3,190 1,610 1,585 31.2 32.0 30.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 146,140 67,200 78,945 69.9 66.2 73.5 6,390 3,020 3,370 62.5 60.0 65.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 64,595 32,240 32,355 30.9 31.7 30.1 3,850 1,980 1,870 37.7 39.3 36.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 15,985 12,085 3,900 7.6 11.9 3.6 1,055 860 195 10.3 17.1 3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 6,140 3,535 2,610 2.9 3.5 2.4 395 265 130 3.9 5.3 2.5
Apprenticeship certificate169 9,840 8,555 1,290 4.7 8.4 1.2 655 595 60 6.4 11.8 1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 41,595 17,285 24,305 19.9 17.0 22.6 2,480 995 1,485 24.3 19.8 28.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 7,010 2,860 4,145 3.4 2.8 3.9 320 125 195 3.1 2.5 3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher 81,550 34,960 46,590 39.0 34.4 43.4 2,540 1,040 1,500 24.9 20.7 28.9
Bachelor's degree 51,030 21,990 29,040 24.4 21.7 27.0 1,745 700 1,050 17.1 13.9 20.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 4,825 1,895 2,925 2.3 1.9 2.7 140 45 95 1.4 0.9 1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 2,080 1,025 1,050 1.0 1.0 1.0 25 15 10 0.2 0.3 0.2
Master's degree 20,090 8,110 11,985 9.6 8.0 11.2 565 240 320 5.5 4.8 6.2
Earned doctorate171 3,525 1,935 1,590 1.7 1.9 1.5 60 35 20 0.6 0.7 0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 338,035 162,400 175,635 100.0 100.0 100.0 15,645 7,665 7,980 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 129,045 64,590 64,455 38.2 39.8 36.7 7,085 3,525 3,560 45.3 46.0 44.6
Education 14,905 4,025 10,880 4.4 2.5 6.2 570 130 440 3.6 1.7 5.5
13. Education 14,905 4,025 10,880 4.4 2.5 6.2 570 130 440 3.6 1.7 5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 8,970 3,660 5,310 2.7 2.3 3.0 255 95 160 1.6 1.2 2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 665 475 195 0.2 0.3 0.1 30 15 10 0.2 0.2 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 8,300 3,185 5,115 2.5 2.0 2.9 230 85 145 1.5 1.1 1.8
Humanities 13,890 5,460 8,430 4.1 3.4 4.8 360 175 185 2.3 2.3 2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 1,670 300 1,375 0.5 0.2 0.8 25 0 25 0.2 0.0 0.3
23. English language and literature/letters 4,065 1,265 2,800 1.2 0.8 1.6 70 30 45 0.4 0.4 0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 2,995 1,195 1,805 0.9 0.7 1.0 125 60 65 0.8 0.8 0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 560 185 380 0.2 0.1 0.2 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 935 615 320 0.3 0.4 0.2 30 25 0 0.2 0.3 0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations 875 555 325 0.3 0.3 0.2 35 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
54. History 2,305 1,275 1,030 0.7 0.8 0.6 50 35 15 0.3 0.5 0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 475 80 395 0.1 0.0 0.2 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law 31,710 11,720 19,990 9.4 7.2 11.4 975 340 635 6.2 4.4 8.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 755 255 500 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 3,045 1,080 1,965 0.9 0.7 1.1 75 30 45 0.5 0.4 0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 3,715 285 3,430 1.1 0.2 2.0 200 15 185 1.3 0.2 2.3
22. Legal professions and studies 4,395 1,675 2,725 1.3 1.0 1.6 130 30 100 0.8 0.4 1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 955 345 605 0.3 0.2 0.3 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
42. Psychology 6,085 1,750 4,340 1.8 1.1 2.5 190 45 145 1.2 0.6 1.8
45. Social sciences 12,760 6,340 6,420 3.8 3.9 3.7 365 220 150 2.3 2.9 1.9
Business, management and public administration 38,140 15,260 22,880 11.3 9.4 13.0 1,660 540 1,120 10.6 7.0 14.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 4,245 1,135 3,110 1.3 0.7 1.8 155 45 105 1.0 0.6 1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 33,845 14,110 19,735 10.0 8.7 11.2 1,505 490 1,015 9.6 6.4 12.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies 10,740 5,730 5,010 3.2 3.5 2.9 310 130 190 2.0 1.7 2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 4,970 2,235 2,740 1.5 1.4 1.6 145 45 100 0.9 0.6 1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 1,855 835 1,020 0.5 0.5 0.6 65 25 40 0.4 0.3 0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 290 125 160 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
40. Physical sciences 3,365 2,455 905 1.0 1.5 0.5 75 50 25 0.5 0.7 0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians 260 80 180 0.1 0.0 0.1 15 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 8,950 6,140 2,810 2.6 3.8 1.6 295 205 90 1.9 2.7 1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 6,665 4,960 1,710 2.0 3.1 1.0 235 165 70 1.5 2.2 0.9
25. Library science 765 145 620 0.2 0.1 0.4 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics 1,275 850 420 0.4 0.5 0.2 35 25 10 0.2 0.3 0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 250 195 60 0.1 0.1 0.0 15 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 33,405 30,105 3,295 9.9 18.5 1.9 1,930 1,770 160 12.3 23.1 2.0
04. Architecture and related services 1,580 975 605 0.5 0.6 0.3 80 40 35 0.5 0.5 0.4
14. Engineering 7,680 6,460 1,225 2.3 4.0 0.7 195 180 15 1.2 2.3 0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 7,395 6,600 800 2.2 4.1 0.5 585 500 85 3.7 6.5 1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 8,675 8,405 270 2.6 5.2 0.2 550 545 10 3.5 7.1 0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 4,810 4,590 220 1.4 2.8 0.1 320 310 0 2.0 4.0 0.0
48. Precision production 3,235 3,080 160 1.0 1.9 0.1 195 190 0 1.2 2.5 0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 5,075 2,720 2,355 1.5 1.7 1.3 205 120 80 1.3 1.6 1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 2,715 1,275 1,440 0.8 0.8 0.8 115 45 70 0.7 0.6 0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation 2,360 1,445 915 0.7 0.9 0.5 90 75 15 0.6 1.0 0.2
Health and related fields 32,715 7,295 25,425 9.7 4.5 14.5 1,375 265 1,110 8.8 3.5 13.9
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 2,430 1,165 1,260 0.7 0.7 0.7 95 40 50 0.6 0.5 0.6
51. Health professions and related programs178 29,210 5,520 23,690 8.6 3.4 13.5 1,265 205 1,055 8.1 2.7 13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 1,035 600 440 0.3 0.4 0.3 15 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services 10,380 5,645 4,740 3.1 3.5 2.7 620 370 250 4.0 4.8 3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 6,120 2,210 3,910 1.8 1.4 2.2 325 125 200 2.1 1.6 2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 235 205 30 0.1 0.1 0.0 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 280 250 30 0.1 0.2 0.0 40 30 10 0.3 0.4 0.1
43. Security and protective services 1,905 1,285 620 0.6 0.8 0.4 135 90 40 0.9 1.2 0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving 1,845 1,690 150 0.5 1.0 0.1 105 105 0 0.7 1.4 0.0
Other179 100 40 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 208,995 101,555 107,445 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,215 5,035 5,185 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 62,860 34,360 28,500 30.1 33.8 26.5 3,825 2,015 1,810 37.4 40.0 34.9
Education 8,170 2,080 6,085 3.9 2.0 5.7 350 55 300 3.4 1.1 5.8
13. Education 8,170 2,080 6,085 3.9 2.0 5.7 350 55 300 3.4 1.1 5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 6,430 2,570 3,855 3.1 2.5 3.6 200 70 130 2.0 1.4 2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 415 280 140 0.2 0.3 0.1 20 10 0 0.2 0.2 0.0
50. Visual and performing arts 6,010 2,295 3,720 2.9 2.3 3.5 180 55 125 1.8 1.1 2.4
Humanities 9,140 3,470 5,665 4.4 3.4 5.3 265 135 135 2.6 2.7 2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 1,085 165 925 0.5 0.2 0.9 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2
23. English language and literature/letters 2,655 770 1,885 1.3 0.8 1.8 60 20 40 0.6 0.4 0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 2,150 840 1,315 1.0 0.8 1.2 85 40 40 0.8 0.8 0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 345 135 210 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies 675 460 210 0.3 0.5 0.2 30 25 0 0.3 0.5 0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations 435 265 170 0.2 0.3 0.2 25 15 10 0.2 0.3 0.2
54. History 1,515 790 725 0.7 0.8 0.7 40 20 15 0.4 0.4 0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 275 50 225 0.1 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law 23,420 8,025 15,400 11.2 7.9 14.3 775 245 525 7.6 4.9 10.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 625 210 425 0.3 0.2 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 2,535 840 1,695 1.2 0.8 1.6 70 25 45 0.7 0.5 0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 2,775 230 2,545 1.3 0.2 2.4 155 15 140 1.5 0.3 2.7
22. Legal professions and studies 3,240 1,020 2,225 1.6 1.0 2.1 120 25 95 1.2 0.5 1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 720 245 470 0.3 0.2 0.4 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2
42. Psychology 4,085 1,045 3,040 2.0 1.0 2.8 125 20 105 1.2 0.4 2.0
45. Social sciences 9,440 4,445 4,995 4.5 4.4 4.6 290 165 125 2.8 3.3 2.4
Business, management and public administration 27,525 10,775 16,750 13.2 10.6 15.6 1,210 365 835 11.8 7.2 16.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 2,915 740 2,175 1.4 0.7 2.0 115 25 90 1.1 0.5 1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 24,585 10,020 14,565 11.8 9.9 13.6 1,090 340 755 10.7 6.8 14.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies 7,240 3,510 3,730 3.5 3.5 3.5 240 85 155 2.3 1.7 3.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 3,500 1,445 2,055 1.7 1.4 1.9 115 40 80 1.1 0.8 1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 1,265 530 735 0.6 0.5 0.7 45 10 30 0.4 0.2 0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 210 85 125 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
40. Physical sciences 2,120 1,415 705 1.0 1.4 0.7 55 30 25 0.5 0.6 0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians 150 40 105 0.1 0.0 0.1 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 6,900 4,980 1,920 3.3 4.9 1.8 250 175 75 2.4 3.5 1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 5,665 4,285 1,380 2.7 4.2 1.3 215 150 60 2.1 3.0 1.2
25. Library science 340 75 265 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics 745 500 250 0.4 0.5 0.2 25 15 10 0.2 0.3 0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 145 120 30 0.1 0.1 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 23,120 20,495 2,625 11.1 20.2 2.4 1,385 1,245 140 13.6 24.7 2.7
04. Architecture and related services 1,105 600 510 0.5 0.6 0.5 80 45 35 0.8 0.9 0.7
14. Engineering 5,660 4,625 1,035 2.7 4.6 1.0 145 135 15 1.4 2.7 0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 4,800 4,240 565 2.3 4.2 0.5 400 325 70 3.9 6.5 1.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 6,225 6,000 230 3.0 5.9 0.2 410 405 0 4.0 8.0 0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 3,235 3,080 155 1.5 3.0 0.1 215 205 10 2.1 4.1 0.2
48. Precision production 2,070 1,950 120 1.0 1.9 0.1 130 130 0 1.3 2.6 0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 3,790 1,825 1,965 1.8 1.8 1.8 165 100 65 1.6 2.0 1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 2,060 900 1,160 1.0 0.9 1.1 95 40 55 0.9 0.8 1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation 1,730 925 805 0.8 0.9 0.7 70 60 10 0.7 1.2 0.2
Health and related fields 22,650 5,265 17,385 10.8 5.2 16.2 1,035 225 810 10.1 4.5 15.6
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 1,845 880 970 0.9 0.9 0.9 75 35 40 0.7 0.7 0.8
51. Health professions and related programs178 20,145 4,060 16,080 9.6 4.0 15.0 955 185 770 9.3 3.7 14.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 635 320 315 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services 7,685 4,175 3,515 3.7 4.1 3.3 515 305 205 5.0 6.1 4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 4,535 1,700 2,840 2.2 1.7 2.6 255 100 155 2.5 2.0 3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 160 135 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 160 145 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 30 25 0 0.3 0.5 0.0
43. Security and protective services 1,540 1,030 510 0.7 1.0 0.5 125 90 45 1.2 1.8 0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving 1,290 1,165 125 0.6 1.1 0.1 85 85 0 0.8 1.7 0.0
Other179 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 208,995 101,555 107,445 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,215 5,035 5,185 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 62,860 34,360 28,500 30.1 33.8 26.5 3,825 2,015 1,810 37.4 40.0 34.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 146,145 67,195 78,945 69.9 66.2 73.5 6,390 3,020 3,375 62.6 60.0 65.1
Location of study inside Canada 121,695 56,300 65,395 58.2 55.4 60.9 5,690 2,720 2,965 55.7 54.0 57.2
Same as province or territory of residence 89,465 40,630 48,830 42.8 40.0 45.4 4,180 1,935 2,250 40.9 38.4 43.4
Different than province or territory of residence 32,230 15,665 16,565 15.4 15.4 15.4 1,505 790 720 14.7 15.7 13.9
Location of study outside Canada182 24,450 10,895 13,550 11.7 10.7 12.6 705 295 405 6.9 5.9 7.8
Americas 6,365 2,945 3,425 3.0 2.9 3.2 195 95 105 1.9 1.9 2.0
United States of America 4,680 2,185 2,495 2.2 2.2 2.3 135 75 60 1.3 1.5 1.2
Mexico 465 205 265 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cuba 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Brazil 410 190 225 0.2 0.2 0.2 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2
Colombia 215 100 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2
Peru 120 50 75 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuela95 50 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Americas 365 155 210 0.2 0.2 0.2 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2
Europe 6,390 3,110 3,275 3.1 3.1 3.0 200 105 95 2.0 2.1 1.8
Belgium 55 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
France 345 145 195 0.2 0.1 0.2 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2
Germany 460 195 270 0.2 0.2 0.3 15 10 10 0.1 0.2 0.2
Netherlands 230 110 120 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Switzerland 140 55 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Hungary 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldova183 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poland 125 45 80 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romania 115 65 50 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian Federation 265 90 175 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukraine 265 120 140 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 10 10 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ireland96 195 95 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Kingdom87 3,250 1,650 1,600 1.6 1.6 1.5 95 45 50 0.9 0.9 1.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 145 80 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbia86 65 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Europe 670 365 305 0.3 0.4 0.3 20 15 0 0.2 0.3 0.0
Africa 930 465 470 0.4 0.5 0.4 15 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.3
Nigeria 95 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisia 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 415 200 215 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2
Other locations of study in Africa 295 145 150 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 9,645 3,755 5,890 4.6 3.7 5.5 270 85 180 2.6 1.7 3.5
Iran88 340 140 200 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iraq 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israel 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2
Lebanon 50 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syria89 55 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkey 130 80 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
China90 1,630 650 985 0.8 0.6 0.9 25 20 15 0.2 0.4 0.3
Taiwan 185 60 125 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2
Hong Kong91 110 35 75 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japan 600 115 485 0.3 0.1 0.5 15 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.3
Korea, South92 690 265 425 0.3 0.3 0.4 40 10 30 0.4 0.2 0.6
Philippines 2,960 1,025 1,935 1.4 1.0 1.8 70 15 55 0.7 0.3 1.1
Viet Nam 155 45 110 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bangladesh 55 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sri Lanka 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 1,905 965 930 0.9 1.0 0.9 40 20 20 0.4 0.4 0.4
Pakistan 125 55 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Asia 500 175 325 0.2 0.2 0.3 30 10 15 0.3 0.2 0.3
Oceania 1,120 625 490 0.5 0.6 0.5 20 15 0 0.2 0.3 0.0
Australia 875 480 400 0.4 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
New Zealand 235 150 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 338,040 162,400 175,640 ... ... ... 15,650 7,665 7,980 ... ... ...
In the labour force 214,820 108,910 105,910 ... ... ... 10,205 5,325 4,880 ... ... ...
Employed 200,055 101,350 98,705 ... ... ... 9,685 5,080 4,600 ... ... ...
Unemployed 14,770 7,560 7,205 ... ... ... 520 245 275 ... ... ...
Not in the labour force 123,220 53,490 69,725 ... ... ... 5,445 2,345 3,100 ... ... ...
Participation rate 63.5 67.1 60.3 63.5 67.1 60.3 65.2 69.5 61.2 65.2 69.5 61.2
Employment rate 59.2 62.4 56.2 59.2 62.4 56.2 61.9 66.3 57.6 61.9 66.3 57.6
Unemployment rate 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.8 5.1 4.6 5.6 5.1 4.6 5.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 338,035 162,400 175,635 100.0 100.0 100.0 15,645 7,665 7,980 100.0 100.0 100.0
Did not work186 121,545 52,970 68,575 36.0 32.6 39.0 5,435 2,305 3,130 34.7 30.1 39.2
Worked 216,495 109,430 107,065 64.0 67.4 61.0 10,210 5,360 4,850 65.3 69.9 60.8
Worked full year full time187 114,255 62,980 51,265 33.8 38.8 29.2 6,030 3,495 2,530 38.5 45.6 31.7
Worked part year and/or part time188 102,245 46,445 55,800 30.2 28.6 31.8 4,185 1,860 2,325 26.7 24.3 29.1
Average weeks worked in reference year 41.7 42.5 40.9 41.7 42.5 40.9 43.1 44.3 41.8 43.1 44.3 41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 214,825 108,915 105,910 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,200 5,320 4,880 100.0 100.0 100.0
Class of worker - not applicable190 3,240 1,630 1,610 1.5 1.5 1.5 135 55 75 1.3 1.0 1.5
All classes of workers191 211,580 107,285 104,300 98.5 98.5 98.5 10,070 5,270 4,800 98.7 99.1 98.4
Employee 175,615 86,590 89,025 81.7 79.5 84.1 8,755 4,465 4,290 85.8 83.9 87.9
Permanent position 148,160 74,025 74,135 69.0 68.0 70.0 7,745 3,985 3,755 75.9 74.9 76.9
Temporary position 27,455 12,565 14,885 12.8 11.5 14.1 1,010 480 530 9.9 9.0 10.9
Fixed term (1 year or more) 8,935 4,215 4,715 4.2 3.9 4.5 360 160 195 3.5 3.0 4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 18,520 8,350 10,170 8.6 7.7 9.6 650 320 335 6.4 6.0 6.9
Self-employed192 35,965 20,690 15,275 16.7 19.0 14.4 1,315 800 510 12.9 15.0 10.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 214,825 108,915 105,910 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,200 5,320 4,880 100.0 100.0 100.0
Occupation - not applicable190 3,240 1,630 1,610 1.5 1.5 1.5 135 55 75 1.3 1.0 1.5
All occupations191 211,580 107,285 104,300 98.5 98.5 98.5 10,070 5,270 4,800 98.7 99.1 98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 3,075 1,850 1,225 1.4 1.7 1.2 95 70 25 0.9 1.3 0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 37,295 11,405 25,880 17.4 10.5 24.4 1,705 435 1,270 16.7 8.2 26.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 19,080 14,425 4,655 8.9 13.2 4.4 845 670 170 8.3 12.6 3.5
3 Health occupations 19,290 4,490 14,800 9.0 4.1 14.0 755 120 640 7.4 2.3 13.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 32,580 12,760 19,815 15.2 11.7 18.7 1,750 820 930 17.2 15.4 19.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 8,760 3,765 4,995 4.1 3.5 4.7 315 160 150 3.1 3.0 3.1
6 Sales and service occupations 53,215 25,035 28,180 24.8 23.0 26.6 2,515 1,110 1,410 24.7 20.9 28.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 30,605 27,680 2,925 14.2 25.4 2.8 1,750 1,610 140 17.2 30.3 2.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 4,230 3,105 1,125 2.0 2.9 1.1 180 140 35 1.8 2.6 0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 3,465 2,765 700 1.6 2.5 0.7 170 140 30 1.7 2.6 0.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 214,825 108,915 105,910 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,200 5,320 4,880 100.0 100.0 100.0
Industry - not applicable190 3,240 1,630 1,610 1.5 1.5 1.5 135 55 75 1.3 1.0 1.5
All industries191 211,580 107,285 104,300 98.5 98.5 98.5 10,070 5,270 4,800 98.7 99.1 98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 2,275 1,375 905 1.1 1.3 0.9 85 55 35 0.8 1.0 0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 425 330 95 0.2 0.3 0.1 25 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.0
22 Utilities 665 550 115 0.3 0.5 0.1 40 35 0 0.4 0.7 0.0
23 Construction 16,650 14,625 2,020 7.8 13.4 1.9 915 820 95 9.0 15.4 1.9
31-33 Manufacturing 7,405 5,470 1,935 3.4 5.0 1.8 365 275 90 3.6 5.2 1.8
41 Wholesale trade 3,310 2,310 995 1.5 2.1 0.9 175 100 70 1.7 1.9 1.4
44-45 Retail trade 23,955 11,850 12,110 11.2 10.9 11.4 1,245 640 600 12.2 12.0 12.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 7,375 5,580 1,795 3.4 5.1 1.7 330 230 100 3.2 4.3 2.0
51 Information and cultural industries 3,710 2,185 1,530 1.7 2.0 1.4 155 95 60 1.5 1.8 1.2
52 Finance and insurance 5,875 2,500 3,375 2.7 2.3 3.2 290 85 205 2.8 1.6 4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 4,295 2,250 2,045 2.0 2.1 1.9 145 70 70 1.4 1.3 1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 20,415 11,645 8,770 9.5 10.7 8.3 795 430 370 7.8 8.1 7.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises 290 165 130 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 9,565 5,800 3,760 4.5 5.3 3.6 465 270 195 4.6 5.1 4.0
61 Educational services 17,220 6,115 11,105 8.0 5.6 10.5 625 165 465 6.1 3.1 9.5
62 Health care and social assistance 30,570 6,995 23,570 14.2 6.4 22.3 1,265 180 1,090 12.4 3.4 22.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 5,440 2,670 2,770 2.5 2.5 2.6 190 85 105 1.9 1.6 2.2
72 Accommodation and food services 15,325 7,200 8,120 7.1 6.6 7.7 575 275 300 5.6 5.2 6.1
81 Other services (except public administration) 8,560 3,505 5,055 4.0 3.2 4.8 345 140 210 3.4 2.6 4.3
91 Public administration 28,270 14,165 14,105 13.2 13.0 13.3 2,030 1,295 730 19.9 24.3 15.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 231,730 116,885 114,850 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,920 5,690 5,225 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 223,855 113,265 110,595 96.6 96.9 96.3 10,650 5,575 5,075 97.5 98.0 97.1
French 340 80 260 0.1 0.1 0.2 30 10 25 0.3 0.2 0.5
Non-official language 815 460 355 0.4 0.4 0.3 15 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Indigenous39 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 805 460 350 0.3 0.4 0.3 15 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
English and French 2,645 1,270 1,375 1.1 1.1 1.2 130 60 65 1.2 1.1 1.2
English and non-official language(s) 3,805 1,675 2,130 1.6 1.4 1.9 85 30 55 0.8 0.5 1.1
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 250 130 120 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 231,730 116,885 114,850 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,920 5,690 5,225 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 230,910 116,515 114,395 99.6 99.7 99.6 10,910 5,690 5,225 99.9 100.0 100.0
Official languages 229,470 115,790 113,680 99.0 99.1 99.0 10,895 5,670 5,220 99.8 99.6 99.9
English 228,780 115,620 113,160 98.7 98.9 98.5 10,840 5,660 5,185 99.3 99.5 99.2
French 690 170 525 0.3 0.1 0.5 50 20 35 0.5 0.4 0.7
Non-official languages 1,450 735 720 0.6 0.6 0.6 20 15 0 0.2 0.3 0.0
Indigenous languages39 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 1,430 730 705 0.6 0.6 0.6 20 15 0 0.2 0.3 0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 30 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 315 160 150 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 25 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
German 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages 50 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 25 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 160 105 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 135 85 50 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 115 35 80 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 130 85 45 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 670 380 300 0.3 0.3 0.3 10 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Chinese languages 670 380 300 0.3 0.3 0.3 10 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 420 220 200 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 245 145 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 40 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 40 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 815 365 450 0.4 0.3 0.4 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
English and French 280 120 165 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 510 245 270 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 231,730 116,885 114,850 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,920 5,690 5,225 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 225,750 114,125 111,620 97.4 97.6 97.2 10,700 5,595 5,105 98.0 98.3 97.7
English 895 325 570 0.4 0.3 0.5 20 10 10 0.2 0.2 0.2
French 2,045 1,085 960 0.9 0.9 0.8 105 50 50 1.0 0.9 1.0
Non-official language 2,455 1,070 1,385 1.1 0.9 1.2 70 25 40 0.6 0.4 0.8
Indigenous39 60 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 2,395 1,045 1,350 1.0 0.9 1.2 70 25 40 0.6 0.4 0.8
English and French 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
French and non-official language(s) 175 95 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 345 160 180 0.1 0.1 0.2 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 200,050 101,350 98,705 100.0 100.0 100.0 9,680 5,080 4,600 100.0 100.0 100.0
Worked at home 53,135 24,650 28,485 26.6 24.3 28.9 1,975 855 1,115 20.4 16.8 24.2
Worked outside Canada 455 310 145 0.2 0.3 0.1 15 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.2
No fixed workplace address 25,985 19,020 6,960 13.0 18.8 7.1 1,455 1,140 310 15.0 22.4 6.7
Usual place of work 120,485 57,365 63,120 60.2 56.6 63.9 6,245 3,075 3,165 64.5 60.5 68.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 120,485 57,365 63,120 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,245 3,075 3,165 100.0 100.0 100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 47,905 21,395 26,510 39.8 37.3 42.0 885 375 510 14.2 12.2 16.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 69,845 34,255 35,585 58.0 59.7 56.4 5,205 2,595 2,610 83.3 84.4 82.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 2,255 1,410 845 1.9 2.5 1.3 140 95 45 2.2 3.1 1.4
Commute to a different province or territory 480 305 175 0.4 0.5 0.3 15 10 0 0.2 0.3 0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 146,465 76,385 70,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,695 4,215 3,480 100.0 100.0 100.0
Car, truck or van 108,240 57,415 50,820 73.9 75.2 72.5 6,550 3,585 2,960 85.1 85.1 85.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver 100,310 54,345 45,965 68.5 71.1 65.6 6,105 3,390 2,720 79.3 80.4 78.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 7,925 3,070 4,855 5.4 4.0 6.9 440 195 250 5.7 4.6 7.2
Public transit 11,275 4,785 6,490 7.7 6.3 9.3 400 170 225 5.2 4.0 6.5
Walked 14,650 6,710 7,940 10.0 8.8 11.3 275 130 150 3.6 3.1 4.3
Bicycle 7,825 4,880 2,950 5.3 6.4 4.2 185 145 45 2.4 3.4 1.3
Other method 4,480 2,595 1,880 3.1 3.4 2.7 285 190 95 3.7 4.5 2.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 146,465 76,385 70,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,695 4,215 3,480 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 15 minutes 49,520 23,610 25,910 33.8 30.9 37.0 2,215 1,050 1,165 28.8 24.9 33.5
15 to 29 minutes 61,770 32,600 29,170 42.2 42.7 41.6 3,000 1,765 1,235 39.0 41.9 35.5
30 to 44 minutes 24,530 13,950 10,575 16.7 18.3 15.1 1,815 1,040 780 23.6 24.7 22.4
45 to 59 minutes 6,110 3,465 2,650 4.2 4.5 3.8 465 245 220 6.0 5.8 6.3
60 minutes and over 4,525 2,755 1,770 3.1 3.6 2.5 200 115 90 2.6 2.7 2.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 146,465 76,385 70,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,695 4,215 3,480 100.0 100.0 100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 6,630 4,565 2,065 4.5 6.0 2.9 435 320 115 5.7 7.6 3.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 22,920 14,375 8,540 15.6 18.8 12.2 1,745 1,150 595 22.7 27.3 17.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 39,245 21,000 18,245 26.8 27.5 26.0 2,285 1,215 1,065 29.7 28.8 30.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 35,075 15,875 19,200 23.9 20.8 27.4 1,350 600 750 17.5 14.2 21.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 22,400 9,945 12,460 15.3 13.0 17.8 830 390 440 10.8 9.3 12.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 20,195 10,625 9,570 13.8 13.9 13.7 1,060 540 515 13.8 12.8 14.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 62,535 31,955 30,580 100.0 100.0 100.0 3,845 1,975 1,875 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 4,895 2,420 2,470 7.8 7.6 8.1 400 190 210 10.4 9.6 11.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 57,640 29,535 28,110 92.2 92.4 91.9 3,450 1,785 1,665 89.7 90.4 88.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 46,180 23,650 22,530 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,800 1,450 1,350 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 3,740 1,870 1,870 8.1 7.9 8.3 295 150 150 10.5 10.3 11.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 1,950 935 1,015 4.2 4.0 4.5 155 85 75 5.5 5.9 5.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 1,790 940 855 3.9 4.0 3.8 140 65 75 5.0 4.5 5.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 42,440 21,775 20,660 91.9 92.1 91.7 2,495 1,300 1,195 89.1 89.7 88.5

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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