Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	ChilliwackMore information: British Columbia [Census metropolitan area]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	113,767	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	101,512	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	12.1	...	...	12.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	46,708	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	44,365	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	78.8	...	...	78.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,444.02	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	113,770	56,170	57,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20,390	10,535	9,850	17.9	18.8	17.1
0 to 4 years	6,395	3,295	3,100	5.6	5.9	5.4
5 to 9 years	6,860	3,535	3,330	6.0	6.3	5.8
10 to 14 years	7,130	3,710	3,420	6.3	6.6	5.9
15 to 64 years	69,135	34,360	34,775	60.8	61.2	60.4
15 to 19 years	6,520	3,390	3,130	5.7	6.0	5.4
20 to 24 years	5,640	2,860	2,780	5.0	5.1	4.8
25 to 29 years	6,345	3,225	3,120	5.6	5.7	5.4
30 to 34 years	7,000	3,510	3,490	6.2	6.2	6.1
35 to 39 years	7,615	3,830	3,785	6.7	6.8	6.6
40 to 44 years	6,620	3,245	3,370	5.8	5.8	5.9
45 to 49 years	6,570	3,270	3,300	5.8	5.8	5.7
50 to 54 years	6,945	3,395	3,550	6.1	6.0	6.2
55 to 59 years	7,810	3,820	3,980	6.9	6.8	6.9
60 to 64 years	8,075	3,805	4,270	7.1	6.8	7.4
65 years and over	24,245	11,270	12,970	21.3	20.1	22.5
65 to 69 years	7,200	3,390	3,810	6.3	6.0	6.6
70 to 74 years	6,530	3,145	3,385	5.7	5.6	5.9
75 to 79 years	4,625	2,185	2,440	4.1	3.9	4.2
80 to 84 years	2,985	1,370	1,615	2.6	2.4	2.8
85 years and over	2,895	1,175	1,725	2.5	2.1	3.0
85 to 89 years	1,810	800	1,010	1.6	1.4	1.8
90 to 94 years	850	315	535	0.7	0.6	0.9
95 to 99 years	210	55	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.9	18.8	17.1	17.9	18.8	17.1
15 to 64 years	60.8	61.2	60.4	60.8	61.2	60.4
65 years and over	21.3	20.1	22.5	21.3	20.1	22.5
85 years and over	2.5	2.1	3.0	2.5	2.1	3.0
Average age of the population	42.4	41.4	43.3	42.4	41.4	43.3
Median age of the population	42.4	41.2	44.0	42.4	41.2	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	44,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	25,495	...	...	57.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,655	...	...	3.7	...	...
Row house	5,935	...	...	13.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,745	...	...	3.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,580	...	...	17.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	290	...	...	0.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,625	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	44,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,770	...	...	26.5	...	...
2 persons	16,215	...	...	36.5	...	...
3 persons	6,175	...	...	13.9	...	...
4 persons	5,535	...	...	12.5	...	...
5 or more persons	4,665	...	...	10.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	111,540	54,875	56,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	93,375	45,630	47,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	55,415	27,715	27,695	59.3	60.7	58.0
Married	46,350	23,220	23,130	49.6	50.9	48.4
Living common-law	9,060	4,495	4,565	9.7	9.9	9.6
Living common law - Never married	5,945	2,995	2,955	6.4	6.6	6.2
Living common law - Separated	620	315	310	0.7	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	2,195	1,080	1,115	2.4	2.4	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	300	110	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	37,965	17,915	20,055	40.7	39.3	42.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,020	12,835	10,185	24.7	28.1	21.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,865	1,255	1,610	3.1	2.8	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,455	2,495	3,960	6.9	5.5	8.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,625	1,330	4,300	6.0	2.9	9.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,580	...	...	54.6	...	...
3 persons	6,085	...	...	18.9	...	...
4 persons	5,340	...	...	16.6	...	...
5 or more persons	3,170	...	...	9.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,150	...	...	84.4	...	...
Married couples	22,620	...	...	70.3	...	...
With children⁶	10,775	...	...	33.5	...	...
Without children	11,845	...	...	36.8	...	...
Common-law couples	4,530	...	...	14.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,785	...	...	5.5	...	...
Without children	2,745	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,025	...	...	15.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,825	...	...	11.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,205	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	111,540	54,875	56,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	92,270	45,865	46,405	82.7	83.6	81.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	54,300	27,080	27,220	48.7	49.3	48.0
Parents in one-parent families	5,030	1,205	3,820	4.5	2.2	6.7
Children⁶	32,940	17,580	15,355	29.5	32.0	27.1
In a two-parent family	24,980	13,270	11,710	22.4	24.2	20.7
In a one-parent family	7,960	4,310	3,650	7.1	7.9	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,270	9,010	10,255	17.3	16.4	18.1
Living alone	11,775	5,190	6,585	10.6	9.5	11.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,795	1,220	1,575	2.5	2.2	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	4,705	2,605	2,095	4.2	4.7	3.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	44,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,910	...	...	60.7	...	...
Couple-family households	23,325	...	...	52.6	...	...
With children⁶	10,600	...	...	23.9	...	...
Without children	12,725	...	...	28.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,590	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,510	...	...	3.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	460	...	...	1.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,990	...	...	4.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,725	...	...	3.9	...	...
One-person households	11,775	...	...	26.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	91,185	44,355	46,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,490	43,000	45,485	97.0	96.9	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	48,400	33,600	39,600	48,400	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,540	43,025	45,515	97.1	97.0	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	43,600	31,400	36,400	43,600	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,185	39,040	39,140	85.7	88.0	83.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	44,400	24,200	33,200	44,400	24,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,795	31,525	29,270	66.7	71.1	62.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	48,400	27,400	36,800	48,400	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,330	33,965	40,365	81.5	76.6	86.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,500	9,500	12,500	11,500	9,500	12,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,715	3,200	4,515	8.5	7.2	9.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,120	5,480	5,480	5,120	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,960	8,885	11,075	21.9	20.0	23.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	91,145	44,330	46,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,385	42,935	45,455	97.0	96.9	97.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,080	57,600	41,080	49,080	57,600	41,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,435	42,965	45,470	97.0	96.9	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,560	48,880	36,560	42,560	48,880	36,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,095	38,865	39,230	85.7	87.7	83.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,120	54,100	34,240	44,120	54,100	34,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,790	31,515	29,280	66.7	71.1	62.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,520	54,600	35,760	45,520	54,600	35,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,255	33,950	40,305	81.5	76.6	86.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,020	10,880	12,980	12,020	10,880	12,980
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,480	3,020	4,460	8.2	6.8	9.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,610	5,710	7,230	6,610	5,710	7,230
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,785	8,820	10,975	21.7	19.9	23.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,880	8,490	9,200	8,880	8,490	9,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	91,145	44,325	46,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,335	17,675	11,660	32.2	39.9	24.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	68,000	50,800	60,000	68,000	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,000	73,800	56,550	67,000	73,800	56,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,075	9,810	13,270	25.3	22.1	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	20,400	16,200	17,800	20,400	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,400	32,960	23,240	27,400	32,960	23,240
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.4	85.0	72.0	79.4	85.0	72.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.8	69.6	56.1	63.8	69.6	56.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.6	15.0	28.1	20.6	15.0	28.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.7	1.1	0.7	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	3.9	7.2	5.3	3.9	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.0	5.4	4.1	3.0	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	91,185	44,350	46,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,700	1,350	1,345	3.0	3.0	2.9
With total income	88,485	43,000	45,485	97.0	97.0	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,570	3,080	4,490	8.6	7.2	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	11,155	4,020	7,140	12.6	9.3	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	14,200	5,670	8,525	16.0	13.2	18.7
$30,000 to $39,999	11,780	4,775	7,005	13.3	11.1	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	10,215	4,660	5,555	11.5	10.8	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	8,225	4,095	4,125	9.3	9.5	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,355	3,720	2,630	7.2	8.7	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,775	3,010	1,765	5.4	7.0	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,610	2,400	1,210	4.1	5.6	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,020	2,005	1,020	3.4	4.7	2.2
$100,000 and over	7,585	5,565	2,025	8.6	12.9	4.5
$100,000 to $149,999	5,645	4,035	1,610	6.4	9.4	3.5
$150,000 and over	1,945	1,535	410	2.2	3.6	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	91,185	44,350	46,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,645	1,325	1,320	2.9	3.0	2.8
With after-tax income	88,540	43,030	45,510	97.1	97.0	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,900	3,200	4,705	8.9	7.4	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	11,505	4,150	7,355	13.0	9.6	16.2
$20,000 to $29,999	15,890	6,355	9,540	17.9	14.8	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	13,600	5,770	7,835	15.4	13.4	17.2
$40,000 to $49,999	11,415	5,520	5,895	12.9	12.8	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	8,700	4,830	3,870	9.8	11.2	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,130	3,900	2,230	6.9	9.1	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,500	2,990	1,510	5.1	6.9	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,160	2,110	1,050	3.6	4.9	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,940	1,345	595	2.2	3.1	1.3
$100,000 and over	3,795	2,865	935	4.3	6.7	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,190	1,635	555	2.5	3.8	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,610	1,230	380	1.8	2.9	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	91,185	44,350	46,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	30,385	12,825	17,555	33.3	28.9	37.5
With employment income	60,800	31,525	29,275	66.7	71.1	62.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,565	3,785	4,780	14.1	12.0	16.3
$5,000 to $9,999	4,775	1,875	2,895	7.9	5.9	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	7,265	2,890	4,370	11.9	9.2	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	5,750	2,355	3,390	9.5	7.5	11.6
$30,000 to $39,999	5,970	2,605	3,365	9.8	8.3	11.5
$40,000 to $49,999	5,365	2,635	2,730	8.8	8.4	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	4,880	2,615	2,265	8.0	8.3	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,145	2,630	1,515	6.8	8.3	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,340	2,255	1,080	5.5	7.2	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,815	1,960	860	4.6	6.2	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,405	1,635	770	4.0	5.2	2.6
$100,000 and over	5,525	4,275	1,255	9.1	13.6	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,980	2,225	760	4.9	7.1	2.6
$125,000 and over	2,545	2,050	495	4.2	6.5	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	91,185	44,355	46,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,470	41,965	44,510	94.8	94.6	95.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	47,200	30,000	37,200	47,200	30,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,690	41,995	44,695	95.1	94.7	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	42,000	27,800	33,600	42,000	27,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,605	38,575	39,030	85.1	87.0	83.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	45,200	25,400	34,000	45,200	25,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,770	32,750	31,020	69.9	73.8	66.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	46,800	26,600	34,800	46,800	26,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,620	25,465	35,155	66.5	57.4	75.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	9,000	9,300	9,200	9,000	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,945	2,415	3,530	6.5	5.4	7.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	4,840	5,520	5,240	4,840	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	91,145	44,330	46,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,550	42,000	44,550	95.0	94.7	95.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,560	55,650	37,960	46,560	55,650	37,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,810	42,045	44,770	95.2	94.8	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,720	46,560	33,320	39,720	46,560	33,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,670	38,420	39,250	85.2	86.7	83.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,080	54,350	33,960	44,080	54,350	33,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,770	32,630	31,140	70.0	73.6	66.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,680	52,950	34,000	43,680	52,950	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,775	25,560	35,215	66.7	57.7	75.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,980	9,750	10,150	9,980	9,750	10,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,815	2,390	3,425	6.4	5.4	7.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,980	6,060	7,630	6,980	6,060	7,630
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	91,145	44,325	46,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,170	17,570	11,605	32.0	39.6	24.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	64,500	46,400	56,800	64,500	46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,300	70,800	52,000	63,300	70,800	52,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,800	9,220	12,580	23.9	20.8	26.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	26,600	21,200	23,600	26,600	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,760	39,680	27,680	32,760	39,680	27,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.0	89.4	78.8	85.0	89.4	78.8
Employment income (%)	69.2	73.8	62.6	69.2	73.8	62.6
Government transfers (%)	15.0	10.7	21.1	15.0	10.7	21.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.6	1.6	1.0	0.6	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	44,365	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,775	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,595	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	44,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,800	...	...	97,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,800	...	...	84,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,780	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,480	...	...	47,480	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,680	...	...	41,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,400	...	...	100,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	44,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	365	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	350	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,010	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,905	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,445	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,505	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,785	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,765	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,715	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,495	...	...	7.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,155	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,920	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,745	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,640	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,375	...	...	39.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,435	...	...	12.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,045	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,550	...	...	10.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,350	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	44,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	425	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	365	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,045	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,980	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,655	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,690	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,030	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,995	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,985	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,980	...	...	9.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,505	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,375	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,200	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,900	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,045	...	...	31.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,515	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,515	...	...	7.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,010	...	...	11.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,200	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,625	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,475	7,795	8,680	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	39,600	34,400	36,800	39,600	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	36,400	32,400	34,000	36,400	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,800	...	...	114,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,200	...	...	99,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,200	...	...	100,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,100	...	...	86,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,800	...	...	143,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,600	...	...	123,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,530	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,100	...	...	76,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,300	...	...	68,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,310	7,675	8,635	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,800	47,000	42,840	44,800	47,000	42,840
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,480	40,960	38,200	39,480	40,960	38,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	111,535	54,880	56,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,425	12,615	11,810	21.9	23.0	20.8
0 to 5 years	7,735	4,015	3,720	6.9	7.3	6.6
18 to 64 years	64,085	31,440	32,640	57.5	57.3	57.6
65 years and over	23,030	10,820	12,215	20.6	19.7	21.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,545	5,250	6,290	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,675	1,365	1,310	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	830	440	395	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,570	2,600	2,970	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,300	1,285	2,010	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.4	9.6	11.1	10.4	9.6	11.1
0 to 17 years (%)	11.0	10.8	11.1	11.0	10.8	11.1
0 to 5 years (%)	10.7	10.8	10.6	10.7	10.8	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	8.7	8.3	9.1	8.7	8.3	9.1
65 years and over (%)	14.3	11.9	16.5	14.3	11.9	16.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	105,310	51,955	53,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,530	12,160	11,370	22.3	23.4	21.3
0 to 5 years	7,435	3,875	3,560	7.1	7.5	6.7
18 to 64 years	61,490	30,225	31,260	58.4	58.2	58.6
65 years and over	20,290	9,570	10,720	19.3	18.4	20.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,415	1,725	1,695	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	740	360	380	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	200	110	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,330	1,215	1,115	...	...	...
65 years and over	350	145	200	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.0	3.3	3.1	3.0	3.3
0 to 5 years (%)	2.7	2.9	2.5	2.7	2.9	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	4.0	3.6	3.8	4.0	3.6
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.5	1.9	1.7	1.5	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	111,535	54,880	56,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	57,350	27,395	29,955	51.4	49.9	52.9
In bottom decile	10,645	4,985	5,665	9.5	9.1	10.0
In second decile	11,150	5,065	6,080	10.0	9.2	10.7
In third decile	11,465	5,485	5,980	10.3	10.0	10.6
In fourth decile	12,195	6,025	6,165	10.9	11.0	10.9
In fifth decile	11,900	5,840	6,060	10.7	10.6	10.7
In top half of the distribution	54,185	27,480	26,705	48.6	50.1	47.1
In sixth decile	11,845	5,890	5,955	10.6	10.7	10.5
In seventh decile	11,505	5,840	5,665	10.3	10.6	10.0
In eighth decile	11,380	5,830	5,555	10.2	10.6	9.8
In ninth decile	10,880	5,500	5,385	9.8	10.0	9.5
In top decile	8,575	4,430	4,145	7.7	8.1	7.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	111,540	...	...	111,540	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.301	...	...	0.301	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.419	...	...	0.419	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270	...	...	0.270	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	112,340	55,220	57,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	106,600	52,680	53,925	94.9	95.4	94.4
French only	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,815	2,090	2,720	4.3	3.8	4.8
Neither English nor French	885	430	455	0.8	0.8	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	112,340	55,220	57,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	110,345	54,245	56,105	98.2	98.2	98.2
French	1,000	495	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	850	415	440	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	112,340	55,220	57,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,175	54,180	55,995	98.1	98.1	98.0
Official languages	97,530	48,200	49,330	86.8	87.3	86.4
English	96,425	47,655	48,770	85.8	86.3	85.4
French	1,100	550	555	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official languages	12,650	5,980	6,670	11.3	10.8	11.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,570	5,950	6,620	11.2	10.8	11.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	250	140	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	250	140	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	185	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	510	250	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	495	245	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	840	345	495	0.7	0.6	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	645	255	385	0.6	0.5	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,740	4,200	4,540	7.8	7.6	7.9
Albanian	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	955	400	560	0.9	0.7	1.0
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	935	390	545	0.8	0.7	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	255	105	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	240	90	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,150	1,965	2,185	3.7	3.6	3.8
Frisian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,205	1,045	1,165	2.0	1.9	2.0
German	2,145	1,010	1,135	1.9	1.8	2.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,715	825	890	1.5	1.5	1.6
Afrikaans	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	1,490	715	775	1.3	1.3	1.4
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	190	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,995	1,010	985	1.8	1.8	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	1,760	880	875	1.6	1.6	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	220	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,250	625	620	1.1	1.1	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	235	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	210	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,530	765	760	1.4	1.4	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	275	140	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Spanish	885	450	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	520	245	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,015	470	545	0.9	0.9	1.0
Chinese languages	970	445	520	0.9	0.8	0.9
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	615	275	340	0.5	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	285	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	265	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	185	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,170	1,035	1,130	1.9	1.9	2.0
English and French	365	180	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,600	765	830	1.4	1.4	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	112,340	55,220	57,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	100,605	49,670	50,940	89.6	89.9	89.2
French	195	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	2,730	1,360	1,370	2.4	2.5	2.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,725	1,355	1,370	2.4	2.5	2.4
English and French	660	310	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	7,725	3,590	4,140	6.9	6.5	7.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	112,340	55,220	57,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,785	54,505	56,280	98.6	98.7	98.5
Official languages	105,575	51,930	53,640	94.0	94.0	93.9
English	105,305	51,810	53,495	93.7	93.8	93.6
French	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	5,210	2,570	2,640	4.6	4.7	4.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,205	2,570	2,640	4.6	4.7	4.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	375	190	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	365	190	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	370	190	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	290	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,950	1,450	1,500	2.6	2.6	2.6
Albanian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	325	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	320	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	580	270	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	320	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	310	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	250	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,365	665	700	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	1,230	595	630	1.1	1.1	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	930	450	480	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	640	345	295	0.6	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	410	230	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	400	200	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	690	330	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	655	320	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	455	215	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,560	715	845	1.4	1.3	1.5
English and French	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,420	645	770	1.3	1.2	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	112,345	55,220	57,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	104,880	51,725	53,155	93.4	93.7	93.1
English	2,030	975	1,055	1.8	1.8	1.8
French	525	240	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	4,105	1,875	2,230	3.7	3.4	3.9
Indigenous³⁹	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	4,010	1,835	2,170	3.6	3.3	3.8
English and French	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	275	155	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	400	190	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	111,560	54,875	56,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	110,780	54,520	56,255	99.3	99.4	99.2
English	110,730	54,505	56,225	99.3	99.3	99.2
French	4,850	2,170	2,680	4.3	4.0	4.7
Non-official languages	17,780	8,385	9,395	15.9	15.3	16.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	265	95	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	85	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,515	8,290	9,230	15.7	15.1	16.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	385	215	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	385	215	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	325	180	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	605	285	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	605	285	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,195	500	695	1.1	0.9	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	75	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	170	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,070	425	645	1.0	0.8	1.1
Waray-Waray	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,565	6,010	6,555	11.3	11.0	11.6
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,240	555	690	1.1	1.0	1.2
Baltic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,225	545	680	1.1	1.0	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	255	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	515	240	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	160	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	220	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5,595	2,560	3,035	5.0	4.7	5.4
Frisian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
High German languages	3,010	1,390	1,620	2.7	2.5	2.9
German	2,990	1,380	1,610	2.7	2.5	2.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,425	1,115	1,310	2.2	2.0	2.3
Afrikaans	295	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	2,075	940	1,130	1.9	1.7	2.0
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	325	140	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,035	1,530	1,505	2.7	2.8	2.7
Indo-Aryan languages	2,725	1,340	1,385	2.4	2.4	2.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,025	510	520	0.9	0.9	0.9
Kacchi	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,925	955	965	1.7	1.7	1.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	285	125	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	340	200	140	0.3	0.4	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	330	195	135	0.3	0.4	0.2
Dari	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	290	175	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,950	1,500	1,455	2.6	2.7	2.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	310	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	375	200	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Romanian	340	170	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	2,080	1,055	1,025	1.9	1.9	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	245	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	580	270	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	205	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	195	75	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	185	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,315	670	640	1.2	1.2	1.1
Chinese languages	1,255	645	605	1.1	1.2	1.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	925	465	460	0.8	0.8	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	440	245	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
S'gaw Karen	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	65	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	350	145	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	270	105	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,560	54,870	56,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10,515	5,040	5,475	9.4	9.2	9.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10,130	4,880	5,250	9.1	8.9	9.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,075	3,445	3,635	6.3	6.3	6.4
Métis	2,970	1,400	1,565	2.7	2.6	2.8
Inuk (Inuit)	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	190	75	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	101,045	49,830	51,215	90.6	90.8	90.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,560	54,870	56,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,250	2,470	2,780	4.7	4.5	4.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,310	52,400	53,915	95.3	95.5	95.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	44,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	33,005	...	...	74.4	...	...
Renter	10,995	...	...	24.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	375	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	44,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	8,795	...	...	19.8	...	...
Not condominium	35,575	...	...	80.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	44,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	290	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	4,755	...	...	10.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,025	...	...	27.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,860	...	...	31.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,435	...	...	30.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	44,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,600	...	...	23.9	...	...
5 rooms	7,365	...	...	16.6	...	...
6 rooms	6,835	...	...	15.4	...	...
7 rooms	5,420	...	...	12.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,150	...	...	31.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	44,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	43,765	...	...	98.6	...	...
More than one person per room	605	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	44,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	42,525	...	...	95.8	...	...
Not suitable	1,845	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	44,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,715	...	...	10.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,645	...	...	21.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,185	...	...	11.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,405	...	...	18.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,250	...	...	7.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,915	...	...	11.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,175	...	...	7.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,085	...	...	11.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	44,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	42,190	...	...	95.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,185	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	44,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,955	...	...	47.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,830	...	...	46.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,590	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	44,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	955	...	...	2.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,465	...	...	12.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,310	...	...	16.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,425	...	...	16.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,785	...	...	19.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,010	...	...	18.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,840	...	...	10.9	...	...
85 years and over	1,580	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	40,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,255	...	...	79.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,505	...	...	20.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,780	...	...	19.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	44,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,380	...	...	25.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,585	...	...	17.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,325	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,415	...	...	3.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	295	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	580	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	32,990	...	...	74.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	40,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,845	...	...	9.6	...	...
Not in core need	36,185	...	...	90.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,200	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.3	...	...	62.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.7	...	...	14.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,462	...	...	1,462	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...	750,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	768,000	...	...	768,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,660	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.2	...	...	10.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.4	...	...	38.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.0	...	...	25.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,170	...	...	1,170	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,318	...	...	1,318	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	375	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	14.7	...	...	14.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	500	...	...	500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	510	...	...	510	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	111,560	54,870	56,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,315	2,115	2,205	3.9	3.9	3.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,250	2,090	2,165	3.8	3.8	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,815	1,880	1,930	3.4	3.4	3.4
Métis single ancestry	430	200	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,290	3,095	3,195	5.6	5.6	5.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,095	2,990	3,105	5.5	5.4	5.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,275	2,075	2,205	3.8	3.8	3.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,765	895	870	1.6	1.6	1.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	100,950	49,665	51,285	90.5	90.5	90.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	111,560	54,870	56,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	106,600	52,515	54,090	95.6	95.7	95.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,775	12,290	11,485	21.3	22.4	20.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	82,825	40,225	42,605	74.2	73.3	75.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,960	2,360	2,605	4.4	4.3	4.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	111,560	54,870	56,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	94,570	46,840	47,730	84.8	85.4	84.2
Immigrants⁸¹	16,195	7,605	8,590	14.5	13.9	15.2
Before 1980	5,655	2,635	3,020	5.1	4.8	5.3
1980 to 1990	1,930	920	1,015	1.7	1.7	1.8
1991 to 2000	2,265	1,015	1,250	2.0	1.8	2.2
2001 to 2010	2,930	1,425	1,510	2.6	2.6	2.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,415	1,615	1,795	3.1	2.9	3.2
2011 to 2015	1,720	845	875	1.5	1.5	1.5
2016 to 2021	1,695	770	925	1.5	1.4	1.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	795	420	370	0.7	0.8	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	16,195	7,605	8,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,910	895	1,020	11.8	11.8	11.9
5 to 14 years	3,310	1,665	1,650	20.4	21.9	19.2
15 to 24 years	3,485	1,615	1,870	21.5	21.2	21.8
25 to 44 years	6,210	2,895	3,315	38.3	38.1	38.6
45 years and over	1,275	540	735	7.9	7.1	8.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	16,195	7,605	8,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,450	1,125	1,330	15.1	14.8	15.5
Brazil	200	105	90	1.2	1.4	1.0
Colombia	110	35	70	0.7	0.5	0.8
El Salvador	170	90	75	1.0	1.2	0.9
Guyana	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haiti	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jamaica	85	50	35	0.5	0.7	0.4
Mexico	190	65	125	1.2	0.9	1.5
Peru	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	40	30	15	0.2	0.4	0.2
United States of America	1,190	500	695	7.3	6.6	8.1
Other places of birth in Americas	405	210	190	2.5	2.8	2.2
Europe	7,495	3,580	3,910	46.3	47.1	45.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatia	70	35	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
France	70	20	50	0.4	0.3	0.6
Germany	985	475	515	6.1	6.2	6.0
Greece	45	30	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Hungary	165	70	100	1.0	0.9	1.2
Italy	75	35	40	0.5	0.5	0.5
Netherlands	1,450	680	770	9.0	8.9	9.0
Poland	250	95	160	1.5	1.2	1.9
Portugal	60	25	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romania	270	145	130	1.7	1.9	1.5
Russian Federation	150	65	85	0.9	0.9	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	150	75	80	0.9	1.0	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,780	1,415	1,370	17.2	18.6	15.9
Other places of birth in Europe	910	400	505	5.6	5.3	5.9
Africa	800	410	395	4.9	5.4	4.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Egypt	70	55	20	0.4	0.7	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	60	40	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	375	180	200	2.3	2.4	2.3
Other places of birth in Africa	245	115	135	1.5	1.5	1.6
Asia	5,070	2,300	2,765	31.3	30.2	32.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	235	135	100	1.5	1.8	1.2
Iraq	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	80	40	40	0.5	0.5	0.5
Turkey	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	555	265	290	3.4	3.5	3.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	75	45	30	0.5	0.6	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	355	180	175	2.2	2.4	2.0
Taiwan	130	65	70	0.8	0.9	0.8
Philippines	1,030	395	635	6.4	5.2	7.4
Viet Nam	495	230	270	3.1	3.0	3.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,265	595	670	7.8	7.8	7.8
Pakistan	150	80	75	0.9	1.1	0.9
Sri Lanka	70	35	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	560	215	345	3.5	2.8	4.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	375	190	185	2.3	2.5	2.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,695	770	925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	265	120	145	15.6	15.6	15.7
Brazil	75	35	35	4.4	4.5	3.8
Colombia	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	0	10	1.2	0.0	1.1
Mexico	30	15	15	1.8	1.9	1.6
United States of America	95	40	55	5.6	5.2	5.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	20	20	2.1	2.6	2.2
Europe	320	160	155	18.9	20.8	16.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	10	10	1.2	1.3	1.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Ukraine	35	20	15	2.1	2.6	1.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	95	60	35	5.6	7.8	3.8
Other places of birth in Europe	145	60	80	8.6	7.8	8.6
Africa	110	40	65	6.5	5.2	7.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	25	10	15	1.5	1.3	1.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	15	30	2.9	1.9	3.2
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	15	10	1.5	1.9	1.1
Asia	955	415	540	56.3	53.9	58.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	145	65	75	8.6	8.4	8.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	280	135	150	16.5	17.5	16.2
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	10	1.5	1.9	1.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	30	2.9	3.2	3.2
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.1
Pakistan	35	20	15	2.1	2.6	1.6
Philippines	205	65	145	12.1	8.4	15.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	10	10	1.5	1.3	1.1
Syria⁸⁹	50	30	20	2.9	3.9	2.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	40	15	30	2.4	1.9	3.2
Other places of birth in Asia	45	20	20	2.7	2.6	2.2
Oceania and other⁹³	50	30	15	2.9	3.9	1.6
Australia	30	20	0	1.8	2.6	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	10	10	1.2	1.3	1.1
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	111,560	54,870	56,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	18,130	8,570	9,565	16.3	15.6	16.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	23,235	11,480	11,755	20.8	20.9	20.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	70,195	34,825	35,370	62.9	63.5	62.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,540	4,970	5,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,310	2,730	2,580	50.4	54.9	46.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,180	1,450	725	20.7	29.2	13.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,130	1,280	1,855	29.7	25.8	33.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,810	1,530	2,280	36.1	30.8	40.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,315	680	640	12.5	13.7	11.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	105	35	75	1.0	0.7	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,540	4,970	5,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	255	135	110	2.4	2.7	2.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,640	790	850	15.6	15.9	15.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	395	215	180	3.7	4.3	3.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	440	225	210	4.2	4.5	3.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	35	30	0.6	0.7	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,750	3,570	4,180	73.5	71.8	75.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	111,560	54,870	56,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	11,895	5,835	6,055	10.7	10.6	10.7
South Asian	3,280	1,620	1,655	2.9	3.0	2.9
Chinese	1,550	820	730	1.4	1.5	1.3
Black	1,080	525	555	1.0	1.0	1.0
Filipino	1,565	645	920	1.4	1.2	1.6
Arab	235	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	1,125	585	545	1.0	1.1	1.0
Southeast Asian	1,120	565	560	1.0	1.0	1.0
West Asian	300	175	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Korean	615	285	330	0.6	0.5	0.6
Japanese	305	140	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	480	235	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	99,670	49,040	50,635	89.3	89.4	89.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	111,565	54,875	56,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,215	7,285	6,935	12.7	13.3	12.2
English	27,760	13,375	14,385	24.9	24.4	25.4
Irish	17,285	7,965	9,320	15.5	14.5	16.4
Scottish	21,665	10,500	11,170	19.4	19.1	19.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,060	4,305	4,755	8.1	7.8	8.4
German	20,020	9,650	10,370	17.9	17.6	18.3
Chinese	1,740	905	835	1.6	1.6	1.5
Italian	2,935	1,500	1,445	2.6	2.7	2.5
Indian (India)	1,765	895	870	1.6	1.6	1.5
Ukrainian	6,110	3,000	3,115	5.5	5.5	5.5
Dutch	12,530	6,255	6,280	11.2	11.4	11.1
Polish	3,150	1,510	1,635	2.8	2.8	2.9
Québécois	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,670	2,170	2,500	4.2	4.0	4.4
Filipino	1,585	650	935	1.4	1.2	1.6
French Canadian	1,040	460	575	0.9	0.8	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,370	1,155	1,215	2.1	2.1	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,960	2,450	2,520	4.4	4.5	4.4
Métis	2,430	1,220	1,220	2.2	2.2	2.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,210	1,645	1,565	2.9	3.0	2.8
Russian	4,535	2,280	2,255	4.1	4.2	4.0
Norwegian	3,870	1,845	2,025	3.5	3.4	3.6
Welsh	2,435	1,150	1,285	2.2	2.1	2.3
Portuguese	610	290	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
American	1,930	985	945	1.7	1.8	1.7
Spanish	820	395	430	0.7	0.7	0.8
Swedish	2,905	1,395	1,505	2.6	2.5	2.7
Hungarian	1,670	815	855	1.5	1.5	1.5
Acadian	160	100	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	215	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	430	235	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	415	190	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Punjabi	635	305	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Vietnamese	800	420	375	0.7	0.8	0.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Greek	330	180	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	240	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	270	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	715	360	350	0.6	0.7	0.6
Korean	575	285	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	975	485	490	0.9	0.9	0.9
Lebanese	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian	240	140	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	445	205	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	1,830	785	1,045	1.6	1.4	1.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	955	470	490	0.9	0.9	0.9
Sikh	430	215	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austrian	1,050	535	515	0.9	1.0	0.9
Belgian	505	260	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Haitian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	560	295	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mennonite	1,755	840	915	1.6	1.5	1.6
Swiss	825	430	390	0.7	0.8	0.7
Finnish	815	405	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lankan	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	345	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	525	250	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	710	355	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Muslim	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	205	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	710	350	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombian	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	450	185	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
Syrian	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	95	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	245	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	160	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	220	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	325	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	240	80	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Salvadorean	275	155	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	145	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	340	150	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	300	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	75	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	80	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	190	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	225	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	90	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuban	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	785	355	430	0.7	0.6	0.8
Ecuadorian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	245	155	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jatt	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	145	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dominican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Honduran	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cherokee	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sicilian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	111,560	54,870	56,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	605	295	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Christian	51,030	23,455	27,575	45.7	42.7	48.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	19,305	9,130	10,175	17.3	16.6	17.9
Anabaptist	2,225	1,030	1,190	2.0	1.9	2.1
Anglican	3,345	1,475	1,870	3.0	2.7	3.3
Baptist	1,370	685	680	1.2	1.2	1.2
Catholic	9,590	4,365	5,225	8.6	8.0	9.2
Christian Orthodox	540	265	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	695	315	380	0.6	0.6	0.7
Latter Day Saints	490	245	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lutheran	1,515	660	855	1.4	1.2	1.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	200	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,535	665	875	1.4	1.2	1.5
Presbyterian	585	240	350	0.5	0.4	0.6
Reformed	2,415	1,120	1,290	2.2	2.0	2.3
United Church	3,285	1,320	1,960	2.9	2.4	3.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,935	1,845	2,090	3.5	3.4	3.7
Hindu	605	305	295	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jewish	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	805	405	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sikh	1,675	855	820	1.5	1.6	1.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	425	210	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,135	475	660	1.0	0.9	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	55,150	28,800	26,350	49.4	52.5	46.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	110,435	54,295	56,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	94,500	46,670	47,830	85.6	86.0	85.2
Movers	15,935	7,630	8,310	14.4	14.1	14.8
Non-migrants	8,525	3,960	4,570	7.7	7.3	8.1
Migrants	7,410	3,665	3,740	6.7	6.8	6.7
Internal migrants	7,005	3,455	3,545	6.3	6.4	6.3
Intraprovincial migrants	5,935	2,925	3,005	5.4	5.4	5.4
Interprovincial migrants	1,070	530	540	1.0	1.0	1.0
External migrants	405	210	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	105,130	51,550	53,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	53,790	26,470	27,320	51.2	51.3	51.0
Movers	51,335	25,080	26,260	48.8	48.7	49.0
Non-migrants	20,255	10,040	10,210	19.3	19.5	19.1
Migrants	31,085	15,035	16,050	29.6	29.2	30.0
Internal migrants	29,110	14,090	15,015	27.7	27.3	28.0
Intraprovincial migrants	25,280	12,145	13,135	24.0	23.6	24.5
Interprovincial migrants	3,825	1,945	1,885	3.6	3.8	3.5
External migrants	1,975	945	1,030	1.9	1.8	1.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,145	44,330	46,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,575	9,640	7,930	19.3	21.7	16.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	73,575	34,685	38,890	80.7	78.2	83.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,055	27,250	28,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,495	4,405	3,090	13.4	16.2	10.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	48,555	22,845	25,710	86.6	83.8	89.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,145	44,330	46,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,095	8,155	6,940	16.6	18.4	14.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	32,830	16,015	16,815	36.0	36.1	35.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,220	20,155	23,060	47.4	45.5	49.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,495	14,145	15,350	32.4	31.9	32.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,130	6,870	2,260	10.0	15.5	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,795	2,300	1,495	4.2	5.2	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,335	4,570	765	5.9	10.3	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,090	5,925	10,165	17.7	13.4	21.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,275	1,350	2,925	4.7	3.0	6.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,725	6,015	7,705	15.1	13.6	16.5
Bachelor's degree	8,995	3,780	5,210	9.9	8.5	11.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,375	530	850	1.5	1.2	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	385	230	155	0.4	0.5	0.3
Master's degree	2,600	1,245	1,350	2.9	2.8	2.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	375	230	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,055	27,250	28,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,130	3,645	2,485	10.9	13.4	8.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,270	9,830	9,440	34.4	36.1	32.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,655	13,780	16,875	54.7	50.6	58.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,280	9,560	10,725	36.2	35.1	37.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,065	4,630	1,440	10.8	17.0	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,460	1,530	930	4.4	5.6	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,605	3,095	510	6.4	11.4	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,060	3,980	7,085	19.7	14.6	24.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,155	950	2,200	5.6	3.5	7.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,375	4,225	6,150	18.5	15.5	21.4
Bachelor's degree	6,955	2,775	4,180	12.4	10.2	14.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,020	370	650	1.8	1.4	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	295	160	135	0.5	0.6	0.5
Master's degree	1,905	815	1,090	3.4	3.0	3.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	205	100	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	91,145	44,325	46,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	47,930	24,170	23,755	52.6	54.5	50.7
Education	3,680	985	2,700	4.0	2.2	5.8
13. Education	3,680	985	2,700	4.0	2.2	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,180	455	725	1.3	1.0	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	170	125	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,010	335	675	1.1	0.8	1.4
Humanities	2,295	955	1,340	2.5	2.2	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	125	20	110	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	460	100	360	0.5	0.2	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	630	230	400	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	195	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	525	335	190	0.6	0.8	0.4
54. History	280	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,265	1,455	2,810	4.7	3.3	6.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	255	90	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,005	105	895	1.1	0.2	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	690	170	520	0.8	0.4	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	705	225	485	0.8	0.5	1.0
45. Social sciences	1,490	815	675	1.6	1.8	1.4
Business, management and public administration	7,720	2,525	5,195	8.5	5.7	11.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	750	130	615	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,970	2,390	4,580	7.6	5.4	9.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,045	530	515	1.1	1.2	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	445	210	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	265	135	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	225	160	65	0.2	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	20	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,085	675	405	1.2	1.5	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	815	545	270	0.9	1.2	0.6
25. Library science	125	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	130	95	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,320	8,760	560	10.2	19.8	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	165	115	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	1,005	840	165	1.1	1.9	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,585	1,470	125	1.7	3.3	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,665	2,575	90	2.9	5.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,435	2,350	80	2.7	5.3	0.2
48. Precision production	1,465	1,410	60	1.6	3.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,475	875	605	1.6	2.0	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,130	595	535	1.2	1.3	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	350	275	70	0.4	0.6	0.1
Health and related fields	7,700	1,265	6,430	8.4	2.9	13.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	455	220	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,115	950	6,165	7.8	2.1	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	95	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,430	1,665	1,760	3.8	3.8	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,980	520	1,455	2.2	1.2	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	90	80	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	600	375	225	0.7	0.8	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	765	690	75	0.8	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	56,055	27,250	28,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,400	13,470	11,930	45.3	49.4	41.4
Education	2,365	550	1,815	4.2	2.0	6.3
13. Education	2,365	550	1,815	4.2	2.0	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	865	315	550	1.5	1.2	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	70	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	765	245	515	1.4	0.9	1.8
Humanities	1,625	640	985	2.9	2.3	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	20	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	315	70	240	0.6	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	470	150	320	0.8	0.6	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	95	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	310	195	115	0.6	0.7	0.4
54. History	230	90	145	0.4	0.3	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,340	1,095	2,250	6.0	4.0	7.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	215	75	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	795	100	695	1.4	0.4	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	500	105	395	0.9	0.4	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	545	165	385	1.0	0.6	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,175	605	570	2.1	2.2	2.0
Business, management and public administration	5,520	1,745	3,775	9.8	6.4	13.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	585	95	490	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,940	1,655	3,285	8.8	6.1	11.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	695	310	385	1.2	1.1	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	335	155	185	0.6	0.6	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	180	70	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	120	75	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	885	575	315	1.6	2.1	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	735	515	220	1.3	1.9	0.8
25. Library science	80	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,360	5,920	440	11.3	21.7	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	120	70	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	730	605	130	1.3	2.2	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,030	925	100	1.8	3.4	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,815	1,745	70	3.2	6.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,640	1,575	65	2.9	5.8	0.2
48. Precision production	1,020	1,000	20	1.8	3.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,025	580	450	1.8	2.1	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	775	395	380	1.4	1.4	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	255	185	70	0.5	0.7	0.2
Health and related fields	5,530	940	4,595	9.9	3.4	16.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	365	180	185	0.7	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,070	690	4,385	9.0	2.5	15.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	70	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,430	1,120	1,310	4.3	4.1	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,395	340	1,055	2.5	1.2	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	490	290	200	0.9	1.1	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	520	470	55	0.9	1.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	56,055	27,250	28,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,400	13,470	11,930	45.3	49.4	41.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	30,655	13,780	16,875	54.7	50.6	58.6
Location of study inside Canada	26,420	11,820	14,600	47.1	43.4	50.7
Same as province or territory of residence	21,905	9,580	12,325	39.1	35.2	42.8
Different than province or territory of residence	4,515	2,235	2,280	8.1	8.2	7.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,235	1,965	2,275	7.6	7.2	7.9
Americas	1,045	515	525	1.9	1.9	1.8
United States of America	785	410	380	1.4	1.5	1.3
Mexico	85	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,125	580	545	2.0	2.1	1.9
Belgium	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germany	120	70	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Netherlands	85	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	70	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Russian Federation	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	400	235	170	0.7	0.9	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	130	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Africa	245	130	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	125	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,675	660	1,015	3.0	2.4	3.5
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	245	90	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
Taiwan	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	165	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Philippines	505	185	325	0.9	0.7	1.1
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
India	455	210	245	0.8	0.8	0.9
Pakistan	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	85	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	145	75	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australia	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	91,145	44,330	46,815	...	...	...
In the labour force	55,110	29,065	26,045	...	...	...
Employed	51,345	27,310	24,035	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,760	1,750	2,010	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	36,035	15,265	20,775	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.5	65.6	55.6	60.5	65.6	55.6
Employment rate	56.3	61.6	51.3	56.3	61.6	51.3
Unemployment rate	6.8	6.0	7.7	6.8	6.0	7.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	91,145	44,325	46,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	36,095	15,460	20,635	39.6	34.9	44.1
Worked	55,050	28,865	26,185	60.4	65.1	55.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,270	18,295	11,975	33.2	41.3	25.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,780	10,570	14,210	27.2	23.8	30.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	43.7	40.7	42.3	43.7	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	55,105	29,060	26,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	855	395	465	1.6	1.4	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	54,250	28,670	25,580	98.4	98.7	98.2
Employee	44,320	22,775	21,540	80.4	78.4	82.7
Permanent position	38,635	20,345	18,295	70.1	70.0	70.2
Temporary position	5,685	2,440	3,245	10.3	8.4	12.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,635	650	985	3.0	2.2	3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,050	1,785	2,265	7.3	6.1	8.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,935	5,895	4,035	18.0	20.3	15.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	55,105	29,060	26,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	855	395	465	1.6	1.4	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	54,250	28,670	25,580	98.4	98.7	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	510	375	130	0.9	1.3	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,640	1,885	5,755	13.9	6.5	22.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,320	1,855	465	4.2	6.4	1.8
3 Health occupations	3,850	670	3,185	7.0	2.3	12.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,325	2,570	4,755	13.3	8.8	18.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,370	510	860	2.5	1.8	3.3
6 Sales and service occupations	13,870	5,805	8,065	25.2	20.0	31.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,115	11,115	1,000	22.0	38.2	3.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,725	1,860	865	4.9	6.4	3.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,515	2,030	490	4.6	7.0	1.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	55,105	29,060	26,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	855	395	465	1.6	1.4	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	54,250	28,670	25,580	98.4	98.7	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,805	1,705	1,100	5.1	5.9	4.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	315	260	55	0.6	0.9	0.2
22 Utilities	220	190	35	0.4	0.7	0.1
23 Construction	6,515	5,680	835	11.8	19.5	3.2
31-33 Manufacturing	4,505	3,430	1,075	8.2	11.8	4.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,490	1,120	375	2.7	3.9	1.4
44-45 Retail trade	6,565	2,915	3,650	11.9	10.0	14.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,615	2,055	555	4.7	7.1	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	545	335	210	1.0	1.2	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,310	435	875	2.4	1.5	3.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	925	445	475	1.7	1.5	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,680	1,310	1,370	4.9	4.5	5.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	70	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,500	1,445	1,060	4.5	5.0	4.1
61 Educational services	4,020	1,185	2,835	7.3	4.1	10.9
62 Health care and social assistance	6,415	1,085	5,330	11.6	3.7	20.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	845	385	460	1.5	1.3	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	3,510	1,330	2,180	6.4	4.6	8.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,640	1,270	1,375	4.8	4.4	5.3
91 Public administration	3,755	2,060	1,700	6.8	7.1	6.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	59,425	31,065	28,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	57,930	30,285	27,645	97.5	97.5	97.5
French	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	290	210	80	0.5	0.7	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	285	205	80	0.5	0.7	0.3
English and French	315	125	195	0.5	0.4	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	800	415	385	1.3	1.3	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	59,425	31,065	28,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	59,225	30,975	28,250	99.7	99.7	99.6
Official languages	58,795	30,680	28,115	98.9	98.8	99.1
English	58,675	30,645	28,035	98.7	98.6	98.9
French	115	40	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	430	295	135	0.7	0.9	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	425	290	130	0.7	0.9	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	185	130	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	85	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	65	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	60	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	105	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	200	95	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and French	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	155	80	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	59,425	31,065	28,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	58,485	30,615	27,870	98.4	98.6	98.3
English	165	70	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
French	220	100	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	470	225	245	0.8	0.7	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	465	225	240	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	51,345	27,310	24,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,825	3,530	4,295	15.2	12.9	17.9
Worked outside Canada	90	65	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	9,435	7,045	2,390	18.4	25.8	9.9
Usual place of work	33,995	16,670	17,320	66.2	61.0	72.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,995	16,675	17,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,225	8,820	11,405	59.5	52.9	65.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,930	5,135	4,795	29.2	30.8	27.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,755	2,645	1,100	11.0	15.9	6.3
Commute to a different province or territory	85	70	20	0.3	0.4	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,430	23,720	19,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	39,545	21,900	17,640	91.1	92.3	89.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	36,450	20,435	16,015	83.9	86.2	81.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,095	1,465	1,630	7.1	6.2	8.3
Public transit	650	255	400	1.5	1.1	2.0
Walked	1,875	805	1,070	4.3	3.4	5.4
Bicycle	470	320	150	1.1	1.3	0.8
Other method	890	440	450	2.0	1.9	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,430	23,720	19,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,745	7,090	8,650	36.3	29.9	43.9
15 to 29 minutes	13,720	7,050	6,670	31.6	29.7	33.8
30 to 44 minutes	6,865	4,245	2,620	15.8	17.9	13.3
45 to 59 minutes	2,655	1,785	865	6.1	7.5	4.4
60 minutes and over	4,455	3,545	905	10.3	14.9	4.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,430	23,720	19,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,480	3,450	1,030	10.3	14.5	5.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,230	5,415	2,815	19.0	22.8	14.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,780	5,570	5,205	24.8	23.5	26.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,115	3,330	4,785	18.7	14.0	24.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,865	1,955	2,910	11.2	8.2	14.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,960	4,000	2,970	16.0	16.9	15.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,900	12,855	12,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,120	575	545	4.5	4.5	4.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,780	12,280	11,495	95.5	95.5	95.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,030	9,290	8,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	850	445	410	4.7	4.8	4.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	345	175	175	1.9	1.9	2.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	500	270	230	2.8	2.9	2.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,180	8,845	8,335	95.3	95.2	95.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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