Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	KamloopsMore information: British Columbia [Census metropolitan area]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	114,142	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	103,811	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	50,235	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	47,102	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	20.2	...	...	20.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	5,654.08	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	114,145	56,440	57,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,970	8,675	8,290	14.9	15.4	14.4
0 to 4 years	5,055	2,575	2,480	4.4	4.6	4.3
5 to 9 years	5,835	2,935	2,900	5.1	5.2	5.0
10 to 14 years	6,080	3,175	2,910	5.3	5.6	5.0
15 to 64 years	73,050	36,585	36,465	64.0	64.8	63.2
15 to 19 years	5,890	3,110	2,780	5.2	5.5	4.8
20 to 24 years	6,940	3,655	3,285	6.1	6.5	5.7
25 to 29 years	7,680	3,995	3,680	6.7	7.1	6.4
30 to 34 years	7,745	3,935	3,810	6.8	7.0	6.6
35 to 39 years	7,800	3,865	3,935	6.8	6.8	6.8
40 to 44 years	6,715	3,365	3,350	5.9	6.0	5.8
45 to 49 years	6,630	3,280	3,350	5.8	5.8	5.8
50 to 54 years	7,135	3,440	3,695	6.3	6.1	6.4
55 to 59 years	8,015	3,885	4,130	7.0	6.9	7.2
60 to 64 years	8,500	4,050	4,450	7.4	7.2	7.7
65 years and over	24,125	11,180	12,945	21.1	19.8	22.4
65 to 69 years	7,355	3,560	3,795	6.4	6.3	6.6
70 to 74 years	6,390	3,055	3,330	5.6	5.4	5.8
75 to 79 years	4,345	2,025	2,320	3.8	3.6	4.0
80 to 84 years	3,010	1,380	1,630	2.6	2.4	2.8
85 years and over	3,025	1,160	1,865	2.7	2.1	3.2
85 to 89 years	1,900	760	1,140	1.7	1.3	2.0
90 to 94 years	855	325	530	0.7	0.6	0.9
95 to 99 years	230	60	170	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.9	15.4	14.4	14.9	15.4	14.4
15 to 64 years	64.0	64.8	63.2	64.0	64.8	63.2
65 years and over	21.1	19.8	22.4	21.1	19.8	22.4
85 years and over	2.7	2.1	3.2	2.7	2.1	3.2
Average age of the population	43.2	42.1	44.2	43.2	42.1	44.2
Median age of the population	42.8	41.2	44.4	42.8	41.2	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	47,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	24,995	...	...	53.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,360	...	...	7.1	...	...
Row house	4,215	...	...	8.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,060	...	...	8.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,350	...	...	15.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	855	...	...	1.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,190	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	47,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,315	...	...	28.3	...	...
2 persons	17,990	...	...	38.2	...	...
3 persons	6,725	...	...	14.3	...	...
4 persons	5,880	...	...	12.5	...	...
5 or more persons	3,190	...	...	6.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	110,550	54,770	55,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	97,175	47,760	49,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	55,870	27,850	28,025	57.5	58.3	56.7
Married	43,735	21,785	21,955	45.0	45.6	44.4
Living common-law	12,135	6,060	6,075	12.5	12.7	12.3
Living common law - Never married	8,475	4,245	4,230	8.7	8.9	8.6
Living common law - Separated	625	325	300	0.6	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	2,735	1,365	1,365	2.8	2.9	2.8
Living common law - Widowed	305	125	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	41,300	19,915	21,390	42.5	41.7	43.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,045	14,595	11,455	26.8	30.6	23.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,925	1,300	1,630	3.0	2.7	3.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,800	2,790	4,010	7.0	5.8	8.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,525	1,230	4,295	5.7	2.6	8.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,645	...	...	58.2	...	...
3 persons	6,060	...	...	18.9	...	...
4 persons	5,430	...	...	17.0	...	...
5 or more persons	1,910	...	...	6.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,145	...	...	84.7	...	...
Married couples	21,075	...	...	65.8	...	...
With children⁶	9,525	...	...	29.7	...	...
Without children	11,555	...	...	36.1	...	...
Common-law couples	6,065	...	...	18.9	...	...
With children⁶	2,100	...	...	6.6	...	...
Without children	3,960	...	...	12.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,895	...	...	15.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,740	...	...	11.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,160	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	110,555	54,775	55,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	87,245	43,260	43,980	78.9	79.0	78.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	54,280	27,100	27,185	49.1	49.5	48.7
Parents in one-parent families	4,900	1,155	3,740	4.4	2.1	6.7
Children⁶	28,065	15,010	13,055	25.4	27.4	23.4
In a two-parent family	20,800	10,975	9,830	18.8	20.0	17.6
In a one-parent family	7,260	4,035	3,225	6.6	7.4	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,305	11,510	11,795	21.1	21.0	21.1
Living alone	13,315	6,200	7,115	12.0	11.3	12.8
Living with other relatives⁷	2,700	1,145	1,555	2.4	2.1	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	7,290	4,165	3,130	6.6	7.6	5.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	47,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,430	...	...	58.2	...	...
Couple-family households	23,780	...	...	50.5	...	...
With children⁶	10,120	...	...	21.5	...	...
Without children	13,660	...	...	29.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,650	...	...	7.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,150	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	385	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,095	...	...	4.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,725	...	...	5.8	...	...
One-person households	13,315	...	...	28.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	93,635	46,130	47,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,110	44,865	46,240	97.3	97.3	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	51,200	36,800	42,800	51,200	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,150	44,890	46,260	97.3	97.3	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	46,000	34,000	38,800	46,000	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,865	41,080	40,785	87.4	89.1	85.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	46,800	28,600	36,400	46,800	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,625	33,410	31,225	69.0	72.4	65.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	49,600	32,400	39,200	49,600	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,320	34,770	40,550	80.4	75.4	85.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,600	10,000	11,000	10,600	10,000	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,155	4,560	4,595	9.8	9.9	9.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,640	5,520	5,480	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,205	10,715	11,495	23.7	23.2	24.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	93,610	46,115	47,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,070	44,775	46,300	97.3	97.1	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,700	63,500	44,240	53,700	63,500	44,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,095	44,780	46,310	97.3	97.1	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,880	53,100	38,920	45,880	53,100	38,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,820	40,695	41,125	87.4	88.2	86.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,240	60,350	38,200	49,240	60,350	38,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,620	33,260	31,360	69.0	72.1	66.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,760	59,800	39,120	49,760	59,800	39,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,030	34,590	40,440	80.2	75.0	85.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,530	11,180	11,840	11,530	11,180	11,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,310	4,560	4,755	9.9	9.9	10.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,630	6,315	6,930	6,630	6,315	6,930
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,270	10,650	11,620	23.8	23.1	24.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,570	8,320	8,810	8,570	8,320	8,810
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	93,615	46,115	47,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,450	16,560	12,885	31.5	35.9	27.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	75,500	55,600	65,500	75,500	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,100	83,900	61,500	74,100	83,900	61,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,560	12,260	14,300	28.4	26.6	30.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	25,800	17,600	20,800	25,800	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,080	41,560	25,800	33,080	41,560	25,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.4	86.4	76.6	82.4	86.4	76.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.8	70.0	59.9	65.8	70.0	59.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.7	13.6	23.4	17.7	13.6	23.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.6	1.3	1.0	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9	3.8	6.5	4.9	3.8	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.1	5.0	3.9	3.1	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	93,635	46,130	47,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,525	1,265	1,260	2.7	2.7	2.7
With total income	91,110	44,865	46,245	97.3	97.3	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,295	3,010	4,280	8.0	6.7	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	10,220	3,960	6,265	11.2	8.8	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	13,530	5,555	7,975	14.9	12.4	17.2
$30,000 to $39,999	11,625	4,890	6,730	12.8	10.9	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	10,165	4,435	5,735	11.2	9.9	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	8,700	4,145	4,560	9.5	9.2	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,695	3,625	3,070	7.3	8.1	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	5,035	2,915	2,115	5.5	6.5	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	4,095	2,515	1,580	4.5	5.6	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,185	1,985	1,200	3.5	4.4	2.6
$100,000 and over	10,570	7,835	2,735	11.6	17.5	5.9
$100,000 to $149,999	7,555	5,445	2,110	8.3	12.1	4.6
$150,000 and over	3,015	2,390	620	3.3	5.3	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	93,635	46,130	47,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,485	1,245	1,245	2.7	2.7	2.6
With after-tax income	91,150	44,890	46,260	97.3	97.3	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,635	3,115	4,520	8.4	6.9	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	10,560	4,095	6,465	11.6	9.1	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	15,235	6,265	8,970	16.7	14.0	19.4
$30,000 to $39,999	13,510	5,825	7,685	14.8	13.0	16.6
$40,000 to $49,999	11,630	5,320	6,310	12.8	11.9	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	9,180	4,825	4,360	10.1	10.7	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	6,645	3,890	2,750	7.3	8.7	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,000	3,105	1,895	5.5	6.9	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,670	2,355	1,315	4.0	5.2	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,595	1,840	755	2.8	4.1	1.6
$100,000 and over	5,490	4,255	1,240	6.0	9.5	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,120	2,415	705	3.4	5.4	1.5
$125,000 and over	2,370	1,835	535	2.6	4.1	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	93,635	46,130	47,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,010	12,725	16,280	31.0	27.6	34.3
With employment income	64,630	33,405	31,220	69.0	72.4	65.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,800	4,210	4,590	13.6	12.6	14.7
$5,000 to $9,999	4,730	2,030	2,695	7.3	6.1	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	7,440	3,170	4,270	11.5	9.5	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,940	2,600	3,335	9.2	7.8	10.7
$30,000 to $39,999	5,740	2,450	3,285	8.9	7.3	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	5,450	2,375	3,075	8.4	7.1	9.8
$50,000 to $59,999	5,155	2,365	2,790	8.0	7.1	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,125	2,260	1,870	6.4	6.8	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,465	2,035	1,425	5.4	6.1	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,120	1,960	1,160	4.8	5.9	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,525	1,620	900	3.9	4.8	2.9
$100,000 and over	8,145	6,325	1,820	12.6	18.9	5.8
$100,000 to $124,999	4,085	2,960	1,125	6.3	8.9	3.6
$125,000 and over	4,060	3,365	695	6.3	10.1	2.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	93,635	46,130	47,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,820	43,670	45,155	94.9	94.7	95.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	51,200	33,600	40,800	51,200	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,035	43,700	45,335	95.1	94.7	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	44,800	30,600	36,400	44,800	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,160	40,630	40,530	86.7	88.1	85.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	48,400	29,600	37,600	48,400	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,120	34,470	32,650	71.7	74.7	68.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	49,200	30,800	38,000	49,200	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,240	26,440	34,805	65.4	57.3	73.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,200	8,800	7,950	8,200	8,800	7,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,400	3,685	3,715	7.9	8.0	7.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,120	5,680	5,480	5,120	5,680
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	93,610	46,115	47,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,680	43,570	45,110	94.7	94.5	95.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,700	62,350	41,360	51,700	62,350	41,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,860	43,590	45,265	94.9	94.5	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	51,600	35,880	43,600	51,600	35,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,990	40,325	40,665	86.5	87.4	85.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,520	61,200	37,960	49,520	61,200	37,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,905	34,320	32,585	71.5	74.4	68.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,360	58,850	37,320	48,360	58,850	37,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,095	26,225	34,870	65.3	56.9	73.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,390	9,560	9,260	9,390	9,560	9,260
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,430	3,700	3,730	7.9	8.0	7.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,090	6,155	8,010	7,090	6,155	8,010
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	93,615	46,115	47,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,170	16,360	12,810	31.2	35.5	27.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	73,500	51,200	62,000	73,500	51,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,000	80,800	56,150	70,000	80,800	56,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,005	11,570	13,435	26.7	25.1	28.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600	33,600	22,800	26,600	33,600	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,960	49,360	29,960	38,960	49,360	29,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.4	90.8	82.6	87.4	90.8	82.6
Employment income (%)	70.6	74.4	65.2	70.6	74.4	65.2
Government transfers (%)	12.5	9.2	17.3	12.5	9.2	17.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.6	1.2	0.8	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	47,105	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,785	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	47,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,900	...	...	103,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,800	...	...	88,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,450	...	...	52,450	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,160	...	...	45,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,755	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,200	...	...	124,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	47,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	420	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	340	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,040	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,775	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,450	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,440	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,715	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,720	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,690	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,535	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,315	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,045	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,845	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,615	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,960	...	...	42.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,705	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,400	...	...	9.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,480	...	...	11.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,380	...	...	9.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	47,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	470	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	350	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,070	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,865	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,635	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,705	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,980	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,965	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,995	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,035	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,745	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,530	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,280	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,985	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,290	...	...	34.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,015	...	...	12.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,110	...	...	8.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,165	...	...	13.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,320	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,725	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,560	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,610	10,365	10,245	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	40,400	35,600	37,600	40,400	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	37,200	33,200	34,800	37,200	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,660	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,700	...	...	123,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,200	...	...	105,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,255	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,200	...	...	108,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,700	...	...	92,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	160,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,800	...	...	133,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,550	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,900	...	...	70,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,610	10,300	10,310	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,440	50,400	44,480	47,440	50,400	44,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,160	43,160	39,200	41,160	43,160	39,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	110,550	54,770	55,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,375	10,475	9,905	18.4	19.1	17.8
0 to 5 years	6,190	3,150	3,040	5.6	5.8	5.5
18 to 64 years	68,130	33,815	34,320	61.6	61.7	61.5
65 years and over	22,040	10,490	11,560	19.9	19.2	20.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,650	4,430	5,225	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,770	940	830	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	515	265	250	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,320	2,530	2,790	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,565	960	1,605	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.7	8.1	9.4	8.7	8.1	9.4
0 to 17 years (%)	8.7	9.0	8.4	8.7	9.0	8.4
0 to 5 years (%)	8.3	8.4	8.2	8.3	8.4	8.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	7.5	8.1	7.8	7.5	8.1
65 years and over (%)	11.6	9.1	13.9	11.6	9.1	13.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	106,435	52,750	53,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,800	10,155	9,645	18.6	19.3	18.0
0 to 5 years	6,020	3,055	2,965	5.7	5.8	5.5
18 to 64 years	65,755	32,675	33,080	61.8	61.9	61.6
65 years and over	20,885	9,930	10,955	19.6	18.8	20.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,920	2,050	1,865	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	550	295	250	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	135	75	60	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,130	1,665	1,465	...	...	...
65 years and over	245	90	155	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	3.9	3.5	3.7	3.9	3.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8	2.9	2.6	2.8	2.9	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.4	2.1	2.2	2.4	2.1
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	5.1	4.4	4.8	5.1	4.4
65 years and over (%)	1.2	0.9	1.4	1.2	0.9	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	110,550	54,770	55,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	50,680	24,340	26,340	45.8	44.4	47.2
In bottom decile	10,035	4,855	5,180	9.1	8.9	9.3
In second decile	9,750	4,450	5,295	8.8	8.1	9.5
In third decile	9,985	4,780	5,205	9.0	8.7	9.3
In fourth decile	10,130	4,900	5,235	9.2	8.9	9.4
In fifth decile	10,780	5,350	5,430	9.8	9.8	9.7
In top half of the distribution	59,875	30,430	29,440	54.2	55.6	52.8
In sixth decile	11,135	5,540	5,590	10.1	10.1	10.0
In seventh decile	11,840	5,975	5,870	10.7	10.9	10.5
In eighth decile	12,180	6,130	6,050	11.0	11.2	10.8
In ninth decile	13,460	6,930	6,535	12.2	12.7	11.7
In top decile	11,255	5,860	5,395	10.2	10.7	9.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	110,555	...	...	110,555	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.308	...	...	0.308	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.412	...	...	0.412	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.273	...	...	0.273	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	112,210	55,555	56,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	105,760	52,685	53,080	94.3	94.8	93.7
French only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,990	2,675	3,310	5.3	4.8	5.8
Neither English nor French	440	190	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	112,210	55,555	56,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	110,720	54,850	55,870	98.7	98.7	98.6
French	965	480	485	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	410	170	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	112,210	55,555	56,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,210	54,625	55,585	98.2	98.3	98.1
Official languages	100,400	49,870	50,530	89.5	89.8	89.2
English	99,320	49,345	49,975	88.5	88.8	88.2
French	1,080	530	550	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official languages	9,810	4,750	5,055	8.7	8.6	8.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,670	4,680	4,985	8.6	8.4	8.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	125	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	180	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	635	240	400	0.6	0.4	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	495	185	310	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	195	125	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,780	3,390	3,395	6.0	6.1	6.0
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	950	430	520	0.8	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	940	420	515	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	245	90	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	215	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,570	735	835	1.4	1.3	1.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,070	500	565	1.0	0.9	1.0
German	1,000	465	530	0.9	0.8	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	365	185	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	265	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	130	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,685	1,470	1,215	2.4	2.6	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,575	1,415	1,165	2.3	2.5	2.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	170	125	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	380	245	140	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,725	880	850	1.5	1.6	1.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,510	710	800	1.3	1.3	1.4
Catalan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	795	390	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Portuguese	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	460	200	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	190	55	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	270	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	875	415	455	0.8	0.7	0.8
Chinese languages	865	415	455	0.8	0.7	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	525	235	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	290	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	205	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,995	930	1,070	1.8	1.7	1.9
English and French	370	170	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,485	700	780	1.3	1.3	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	112,210	55,555	56,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	102,165	50,700	51,470	91.0	91.3	90.9
French	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	1,910	955	955	1.7	1.7	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,900	950	945	1.7	1.7	1.7
English and French	805	350	455	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	6,875	3,315	3,560	6.1	6.0	6.3
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	175	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	165	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	112,210	55,555	56,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,855	54,910	55,945	98.8	98.8	98.8
Official languages	106,775	52,845	53,925	95.2	95.1	95.2
English	106,580	52,740	53,840	95.0	94.9	95.0
French	190	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	4,085	2,065	2,015	3.6	3.7	3.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,065	2,050	2,010	3.6	3.7	3.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	265	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	215	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,655	1,355	1,300	2.4	2.4	2.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	220	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	215	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	275	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	170	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
German	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,715	940	775	1.5	1.7	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,670	915	755	1.5	1.6	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	85	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	220	145	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,205	625	580	1.1	1.1	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	435	190	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Catalan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	165	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	190	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	90	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	180	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	530	260	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	520	260	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	325	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,355	645	705	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,200	580	620	1.1	1.0	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	112,210	55,555	56,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	105,290	52,235	53,055	93.8	94.0	93.7
English	1,805	915	890	1.6	1.6	1.6
French	645	275	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	3,625	1,720	1,910	3.2	3.1	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	3,465	1,645	1,825	3.1	3.0	3.2
English and French	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	290	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	430	210	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	110,540	54,770	55,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	110,150	54,585	55,565	99.6	99.7	99.6
English	110,145	54,580	55,565	99.6	99.7	99.6
French	5,965	2,590	3,380	5.4	4.7	6.1
Non-official languages	14,305	7,000	7,310	12.9	12.8	13.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	525	245	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	315	140	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	280	125	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,795	6,755	7,035	12.5	12.3	12.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	275	145	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	860	335	525	0.8	0.6	0.9
Bikol	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	770	285	485	0.7	0.5	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	300	165	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	115	80	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,890	4,900	4,990	8.9	8.9	8.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,060	440	620	1.0	0.8	1.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,055	440	615	1.0	0.8	1.1
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	180	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian	385	140	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	215	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	245	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,365	1,035	1,325	2.1	1.9	2.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,625	700	925	1.5	1.3	1.7
German	1,580	665	910	1.4	1.2	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	575	270	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	240	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	270	115	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	235	85	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Danish	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,615	2,020	1,595	3.3	3.7	2.9
Indo-Aryan languages	3,495	1,950	1,545	3.2	3.6	2.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	165	105	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,495	810	685	1.4	1.5	1.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,330	1,275	1,050	2.1	2.3	1.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	345	205	135	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	150	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,050	1,460	1,590	2.8	2.7	2.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,080	525	555	1.0	1.0	1.0
Portuguese	330	145	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,685	805	880	1.5	1.5	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	535	230	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Korean	285	165	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	345	185	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	150	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,045	555	495	0.9	1.0	0.9
Chinese languages	1,030	535	495	0.9	1.0	0.9
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	735	370	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	355	200	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,545	54,775	55,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	12,250	6,045	6,210	11.1	11.0	11.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	11,775	5,825	5,950	10.7	10.6	10.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,080	3,515	3,570	6.4	6.4	6.4
Métis	4,670	2,290	2,380	4.2	4.2	4.3
Inuk (Inuit)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	320	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	98,290	48,730	49,565	88.9	89.0	88.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,545	54,775	55,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,400	2,645	2,755	4.9	4.8	4.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	105,145	52,130	53,015	95.1	95.2	95.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	47,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	34,050	...	...	72.3	...	...
Renter	12,925	...	...	27.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	47,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,940	...	...	16.9	...	...
Not condominium	39,160	...	...	83.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	47,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	535	...	...	1.1	...	...
1 bedroom	5,410	...	...	11.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,070	...	...	23.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,100	...	...	29.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,985	...	...	33.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	47,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,370	...	...	26.3	...	...
5 rooms	6,420	...	...	13.6	...	...
6 rooms	6,140	...	...	13.0	...	...
7 rooms	5,600	...	...	11.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,570	...	...	35.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	47,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	46,580	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	525	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	47,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	45,545	...	...	96.7	...	...
Not suitable	1,560	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	47,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,695	...	...	10.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,915	...	...	38.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,155	...	...	10.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,200	...	...	15.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,165	...	...	4.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,640	...	...	7.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,765	...	...	5.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,570	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	47,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,590	...	...	94.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,510	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	47,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	22,945	...	...	48.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,550	...	...	45.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,605	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	47,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,670	...	...	3.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,585	...	...	14.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,720	...	...	16.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,685	...	...	16.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,455	...	...	20.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,115	...	...	17.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,405	...	...	9.4	...	...
85 years and over	1,475	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,695	...	...	81.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,330	...	...	18.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,600	...	...	16.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	47,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,520	...	...	24.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,630	...	...	16.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,190	...	...	2.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,855	...	...	3.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	485	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,575	...	...	75.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,250	...	...	9.6	...	...
Not in core need	40,050	...	...	90.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,380	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.0	...	...	60.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,250	...	...	1,250	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,388	...	...	1,388	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	552,000	...	...	552,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	563,500	...	...	563,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,725	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.9	...	...	11.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.2	...	...	36.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.8	...	...	22.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,170	...	...	1,170	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,242	...	...	1,242	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	120	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	8.3	...	...	8.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	400	...	...	400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	480	...	...	480	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	110,545	54,775	55,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,280	2,125	2,155	3.9	3.9	3.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,190	2,095	2,100	3.8	3.8	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,370	1,655	1,715	3.0	3.0	3.1
Métis single ancestry	805	425	380	0.7	0.8	0.7
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	8,780	4,330	4,455	7.9	7.9	8.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	8,385	4,150	4,230	7.6	7.6	7.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,340	2,695	2,650	4.8	4.9	4.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,000	1,425	1,575	2.7	2.6	2.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	400	175	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	380	155	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	97,475	48,315	49,160	88.2	88.2	88.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	110,545	54,775	55,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	104,670	51,765	52,910	94.7	94.5	94.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,945	10,205	9,745	18.0	18.6	17.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	84,725	41,555	43,170	76.6	75.9	77.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,875	3,010	2,860	5.3	5.5	5.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	110,545	54,775	55,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	96,970	48,050	48,920	87.7	87.7	87.7
Immigrants⁸¹	10,825	5,195	5,625	9.8	9.5	10.1
Before 1980	4,240	2,035	2,205	3.8	3.7	4.0
1980 to 1990	1,095	505	585	1.0	0.9	1.0
1991 to 2000	1,235	585	650	1.1	1.1	1.2
2001 to 2010	1,650	755	895	1.5	1.4	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,605	1,310	1,290	2.4	2.4	2.3
2011 to 2015	1,120	560	555	1.0	1.0	1.0
2016 to 2021	1,485	750	735	1.3	1.4	1.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,750	1,530	1,225	2.5	2.8	2.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	10,820	5,195	5,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,365	715	650	12.6	13.8	11.6
5 to 14 years	2,015	1,060	955	18.6	20.4	17.0
15 to 24 years	2,320	1,085	1,235	21.4	20.9	22.0
25 to 44 years	4,385	2,030	2,350	40.5	39.1	41.8
45 years and over	745	315	430	6.9	6.1	7.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	10,820	5,195	5,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,475	655	825	13.6	12.6	14.7
Brazil	50	10	35	0.5	0.2	0.6
Colombia	45	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.5
El Salvador	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Guyana	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	25	15	0.3	0.5	0.3
Mexico	115	60	55	1.1	1.2	1.0
Peru	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	995	425	575	9.2	8.2	10.2
Other places of birth in Americas	190	95	90	1.8	1.8	1.6
Europe	4,845	2,365	2,475	44.8	45.5	44.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	65	30	40	0.6	0.6	0.7
Croatia	105	55	50	1.0	1.1	0.9
France	50	25	25	0.5	0.5	0.4
Germany	690	315	370	6.4	6.1	6.6
Greece	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	80	50	25	0.7	1.0	0.4
Italy	545	260	285	5.0	5.0	5.1
Netherlands	245	125	120	2.3	2.4	2.1
Poland	140	90	55	1.3	1.7	1.0
Portugal	105	50	50	1.0	1.0	0.9
Romania	80	35	45	0.7	0.7	0.8
Russian Federation	80	30	55	0.7	0.6	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	80	30	50	0.7	0.6	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,950	965	985	18.0	18.6	17.5
Other places of birth in Europe	600	290	310	5.5	5.6	5.5
Africa	630	375	260	5.8	7.2	4.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nigeria	100	65	35	0.9	1.3	0.6
Somalia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	320	190	130	3.0	3.7	2.3
Other places of birth in Africa	170	95	80	1.6	1.8	1.4
Asia	3,545	1,645	1,895	32.8	31.7	33.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	50	30	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	340	165	175	3.1	3.2	3.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	90	40	50	0.8	0.8	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	140	75	65	1.3	1.4	1.2
Taiwan	45	20	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Philippines	785	305	480	7.3	5.9	8.5
Viet Nam	85	35	50	0.8	0.7	0.9
Bangladesh	40	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
India	1,285	650	640	11.9	12.5	11.4
Pakistan	190	80	105	1.8	1.5	1.9
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	420	165	255	3.9	3.2	4.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	330	160	170	3.0	3.1	3.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,485	750	735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	130	65	70	8.8	8.7	9.5
Brazil	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.4
Colombia	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.4
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	20	10	1.7	2.7	1.4
United States of America	60	30	30	4.0	4.0	4.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	205	95	110	13.8	12.7	15.0
France	10	10	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
Germany	10	10	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0	20	1.3	0.0	2.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	55	55	7.1	7.3	7.5
Other places of birth in Europe	35	10	25	2.4	1.3	3.4
Africa	200	115	85	13.5	15.3	11.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	50	40	10	3.4	5.3	1.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	85	45	40	5.7	6.0	5.4
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	20	20	3.0	2.7	2.7
Asia	880	435	450	59.3	58.0	61.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	35	15	3.4	4.7	2.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.4
India	310	170	145	20.9	22.7	19.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.4
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15	2.0	2.0	2.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	40	20	20	2.7	2.7	2.7
Philippines	300	125	175	20.2	16.7	23.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	2.0	2.7	1.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	10	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	10	40	3.4	1.3	5.4
Oceania and other⁹³	65	40	30	4.4	5.3	4.1
Australia	55	35	20	3.7	4.7	2.7
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	110,540	54,775	55,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,520	7,175	7,345	13.1	13.1	13.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	17,915	8,695	9,220	16.2	15.9	16.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	78,110	38,905	39,205	70.7	71.0	70.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,585	3,160	3,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,540	1,855	1,685	53.8	58.7	49.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,595	900	695	24.2	28.5	20.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,945	955	990	29.5	30.2	28.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,495	985	1,520	37.9	31.2	44.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	470	265	205	7.1	8.4	6.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	75	55	25	1.1	1.7	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,585	3,160	3,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	115	85	30	1.7	2.7	0.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,290	630	655	19.6	19.9	19.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	285	130	155	4.3	4.1	4.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	610	275	335	9.3	8.7	9.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	30	30	0.9	0.9	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,230	2,015	2,215	64.2	63.8	64.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	110,545	54,775	55,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,810	5,415	5,395	9.8	9.9	9.7
South Asian	4,425	2,415	2,010	4.0	4.4	3.6
Chinese	1,400	710	695	1.3	1.3	1.2
Black	1,035	510	530	0.9	0.9	1.0
Filipino	1,150	450	695	1.0	0.8	1.2
Arab	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	500	230	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
Southeast Asian	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	295	175	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Japanese	955	425	530	0.9	0.8	1.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	270	120	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	99,730	49,360	50,375	90.2	90.1	90.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	110,545	54,770	55,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,785	7,540	7,245	13.4	13.8	13.0
English	32,160	15,495	16,665	29.1	28.3	29.9
Irish	20,005	9,660	10,350	18.1	17.6	18.6
Scottish	25,330	12,225	13,100	22.9	22.3	23.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,635	5,115	5,525	9.6	9.3	9.9
German	18,380	9,085	9,295	16.6	16.6	16.7
Chinese	1,550	750	795	1.4	1.4	1.4
Italian	5,865	2,935	2,930	5.3	5.4	5.3
Indian (India)	2,585	1,430	1,155	2.3	2.6	2.1
Ukrainian	7,940	3,885	4,055	7.2	7.1	7.3
Dutch	5,440	2,730	2,705	4.9	5.0	4.9
Polish	4,130	1,935	2,195	3.7	3.5	3.9
Québécois	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,405	2,200	2,200	4.0	4.0	3.9
Filipino	1,155	460	690	1.0	0.8	1.2
French Canadian	1,195	580	615	1.1	1.1	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,290	1,195	1,100	2.1	2.2	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,800	2,405	2,395	4.3	4.4	4.3
Métis	4,300	2,060	2,235	3.9	3.8	4.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,895	1,360	1,530	2.6	2.5	2.7
Russian	3,250	1,505	1,750	2.9	2.7	3.1
Norwegian	4,785	2,315	2,475	4.3	4.2	4.4
Welsh	2,865	1,350	1,515	2.6	2.5	2.7
Portuguese	620	285	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
American	2,075	1,060	1,015	1.9	1.9	1.8
Spanish	830	360	475	0.8	0.7	0.9
Swedish	3,900	1,875	2,030	3.5	3.4	3.6
Hungarian	1,740	835	900	1.6	1.5	1.6
Acadian	175	110	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	405	165	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jewish	410	170	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Punjabi	560	295	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Vietnamese	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	465	230	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	130	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,125	515	615	1.0	0.9	1.1
Korean	270	140	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	715	345	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
Lebanese	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	1,750	815	935	1.6	1.5	1.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	995	535	460	0.9	1.0	0.8
Sikh	605	350	255	0.5	0.6	0.5
Austrian	1,495	755	740	1.4	1.4	1.3
Belgian	615	280	330	0.6	0.5	0.6
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	465	280	185	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mennonite	275	160	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Swiss	910	490	420	0.8	0.9	0.8
Finnish	1,180	570	610	1.1	1.0	1.1
Sri Lankan	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	535	275	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	1,120	495	625	1.0	0.9	1.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	165	85	90	0.1	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,010	450	560	0.9	0.8	1.0
Muslim	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	770	385	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Colombian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	490	255	240	0.4	0.5	0.4
Syrian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	90	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	225	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	210	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	80	70	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	175	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	340	190	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	315	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	205	65	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
South African	290	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	380	210	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	210	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	185	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	190	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ghanaian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	690	295	395	0.6	0.5	0.7
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	20	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sudanese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Plains Cree	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Costa Rican	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	110,545	54,775	55,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	490	210	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Christian	37,230	16,715	20,510	33.7	30.5	36.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,670	4,115	4,555	7.8	7.5	8.2
Anabaptist	175	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	3,595	1,465	2,130	3.3	2.7	3.8
Baptist	1,445	630	820	1.3	1.2	1.5
Catholic	12,230	5,740	6,495	11.1	10.5	11.6
Christian Orthodox	475	225	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	770	345	425	0.7	0.6	0.8
Latter Day Saints	435	175	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
Lutheran	1,620	670	955	1.5	1.2	1.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	100	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,005	490	515	0.9	0.9	0.9
Presbyterian	545	240	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Reformed	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	3,865	1,465	2,400	3.5	2.7	4.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,165	980	1,185	2.0	1.8	2.1
Hindu	1,020	555	465	0.9	1.0	0.8
Jewish	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	905	500	410	0.8	0.9	0.7
Sikh	2,075	1,140	925	1.9	2.1	1.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	405	200	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,075	390	680	1.0	0.7	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	67,245	34,995	32,255	60.8	63.9	57.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	109,565	54,290	55,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	93,960	46,685	47,275	85.8	86.0	85.5
Movers	15,605	7,610	8,000	14.2	14.0	14.5
Non-migrants	9,915	4,750	5,165	9.0	8.7	9.3
Migrants	5,695	2,860	2,835	5.2	5.3	5.1
Internal migrants	5,120	2,590	2,525	4.7	4.8	4.6
Intraprovincial migrants	3,715	1,915	1,805	3.4	3.5	3.3
Interprovincial migrants	1,400	675	725	1.3	1.2	1.3
External migrants	580	270	310	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	105,485	52,180	53,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	57,180	28,220	28,955	54.2	54.1	54.3
Movers	48,310	23,955	24,350	45.8	45.9	45.7
Non-migrants	21,825	10,830	10,990	20.7	20.8	20.6
Migrants	26,480	13,120	13,360	25.1	25.1	25.1
Internal migrants	23,115	11,365	11,745	21.9	21.8	22.0
Intraprovincial migrants	17,930	8,770	9,160	17.0	16.8	17.2
Interprovincial migrants	5,185	2,600	2,585	4.9	5.0	4.8
External migrants	3,365	1,755	1,610	3.2	3.4	3.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,615	46,115	47,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,790	8,155	6,630	15.8	17.7	14.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	78,825	37,960	40,865	84.2	82.3	86.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,035	29,200	29,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,355	3,145	2,210	9.1	10.8	7.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,685	26,055	27,630	90.9	89.2	92.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,610	46,115	47,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,535	6,680	5,855	13.4	14.5	12.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	31,440	15,675	15,760	33.6	34.0	33.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,640	23,760	25,885	53.0	51.5	54.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,340	15,990	15,355	33.5	34.7	32.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,365	8,290	2,075	11.1	18.0	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,660	2,210	1,450	3.9	4.8	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,705	6,080	630	7.2	13.2	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,400	6,045	10,360	17.5	13.1	21.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,570	1,655	2,915	4.9	3.6	6.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,300	7,775	10,530	19.5	16.9	22.2
Bachelor's degree	12,250	5,130	7,115	13.1	11.1	15.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,430	570	860	1.5	1.2	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	565	340	225	0.6	0.7	0.5
Master's degree	3,570	1,465	2,105	3.8	3.2	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	495	270	225	0.5	0.6	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,040	29,200	29,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,290	2,470	1,815	7.3	8.5	6.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,070	9,445	8,625	30.6	32.3	28.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,675	17,280	19,395	62.1	59.2	65.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,210	11,415	10,795	37.6	39.1	36.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,155	5,815	1,340	12.1	19.9	4.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,435	1,485	955	4.1	5.1	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,720	4,335	390	8.0	14.8	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,675	4,325	7,350	19.8	14.8	24.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,375	1,275	2,105	5.7	4.4	7.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,470	5,865	8,605	24.5	20.1	28.8
Bachelor's degree	9,755	3,980	5,775	16.5	13.6	19.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,100	425	680	1.9	1.5	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	435	225	210	0.7	0.8	0.7
Master's degree	2,830	1,070	1,755	4.8	3.7	5.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	355	160	190	0.6	0.5	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	93,610	46,115	47,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,970	22,360	21,615	47.0	48.5	45.5
Education	3,925	985	2,940	4.2	2.1	6.2
13. Education	3,925	985	2,940	4.2	2.1	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,095	510	585	1.2	1.1	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	75	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	990	430	560	1.1	0.9	1.2
Humanities	1,795	680	1,115	1.9	1.5	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	125	30	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	485	135	355	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	595	190	400	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	125	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	240	115	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,210	1,355	2,855	4.5	2.9	6.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	365	165	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	850	55	790	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	910	260	645	1.0	0.6	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	740	215	520	0.8	0.5	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,230	625	605	1.3	1.4	1.3
Business, management and public administration	9,720	3,465	6,255	10.4	7.5	13.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,345	215	1,125	1.4	0.5	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,370	3,250	5,120	8.9	7.0	10.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,855	935	915	2.0	2.0	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	820	350	470	0.9	0.8	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	445	200	245	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	445	330	115	0.5	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,245	765	485	1.3	1.7	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,030	690	340	1.1	1.5	0.7
25. Library science	85	0	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	125	70	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,545	10,740	800	12.3	23.3	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	160	100	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,350	1,110	235	1.4	2.4	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,110	1,855	255	2.3	4.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,325	3,230	100	3.6	7.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,305	3,185	120	3.5	6.9	0.3
48. Precision production	1,285	1,250	30	1.4	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,935	1,155	775	2.1	2.5	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	710	330	380	0.8	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,225	825	395	1.3	1.8	0.8
Health and related fields	9,005	1,410	7,600	9.6	3.1	16.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	405	215	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,360	1,055	7,305	8.9	2.3	15.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	230	135	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,295	1,765	1,530	3.5	3.8	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,905	545	1,360	2.0	1.2	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	495	360	135	0.5	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	895	855	40	1.0	1.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	59,035	29,195	29,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,365	11,920	10,440	37.9	40.8	35.0
Education	2,555	520	2,035	4.3	1.8	6.8
13. Education	2,555	520	2,035	4.3	1.8	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	915	400	520	1.5	1.4	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	860	365	500	1.5	1.3	1.7
Humanities	1,350	505	840	2.3	1.7	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	25	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	355	95	260	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	420	140	280	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	45	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	80	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	205	105	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,305	995	2,310	5.6	3.4	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	290	120	170	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	680	50	630	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	745	190	560	1.3	0.7	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	565	145	425	1.0	0.5	1.4
45. Social sciences	955	490	465	1.6	1.7	1.6
Business, management and public administration	7,290	2,685	4,605	12.3	9.2	15.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,000	155	840	1.7	0.5	2.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,290	2,525	3,765	10.7	8.6	12.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,395	700	695	2.4	2.4	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	645	270	375	1.1	0.9	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	340	145	195	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	340	245	85	0.6	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,020	680	345	1.7	2.3	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	895	620	265	1.5	2.1	0.9
25. Library science	50	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,195	7,550	650	13.9	25.9	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	125	80	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	1,005	815	195	1.7	2.8	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,515	1,305	215	2.6	4.5	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,365	2,295	70	4.0	7.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,240	2,140	95	3.8	7.3	0.3
48. Precision production	945	915	35	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,535	845	690	2.6	2.9	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	560	215	340	0.9	0.7	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	975	620	355	1.7	2.1	1.2
Health and related fields	6,695	1,095	5,600	11.3	3.8	18.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	340	175	160	0.6	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,160	815	5,345	10.4	2.8	17.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	190	100	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,405	1,310	1,100	4.1	4.5	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,395	435	955	2.4	1.5	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	340	240	105	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	665	635	40	1.1	2.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	59,035	29,195	29,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,365	11,920	10,440	37.9	40.8	35.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	36,680	17,280	19,400	62.1	59.2	65.0
Location of study inside Canada	33,080	15,495	17,585	56.0	53.1	58.9
Same as province or territory of residence	26,920	12,570	14,345	45.6	43.1	48.1
Different than province or territory of residence	6,165	2,920	3,240	10.4	10.0	10.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,595	1,785	1,810	6.1	6.1	6.1
Americas	840	385	450	1.4	1.3	1.5
United States of America	670	325	350	1.1	1.1	1.2
Mexico	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	850	465	390	1.4	1.6	1.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	85	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	485	280	205	0.8	1.0	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Africa	260	130	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	105	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,445	710	730	2.4	2.4	2.4
Iran⁸⁸	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	290	85	205	0.5	0.3	0.7
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	675	425	250	1.1	1.5	0.8
Pakistan	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	85	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oceania	205	95	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Australia	150	60	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
New Zealand	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	93,610	46,115	47,500	...	...	...
In the labour force	58,590	30,600	27,990	...	...	...
Employed	54,150	28,260	25,890	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,440	2,335	2,095	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	35,020	15,520	19,505	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.6	66.4	58.9	62.6	66.4	58.9
Employment rate	57.8	61.3	54.5	57.8	61.3	54.5
Unemployment rate	7.6	7.6	7.5	7.6	7.6	7.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	93,610	46,115	47,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,190	15,970	19,215	37.6	34.6	40.5
Worked	58,425	30,145	28,280	62.4	65.4	59.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,195	17,040	13,155	32.3	37.0	27.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,230	13,105	15,125	30.2	28.4	31.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.9	40.4	41.2	41.9	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,590	30,595	27,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,165	635	530	2.0	2.1	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	57,425	29,965	27,460	98.0	97.9	98.1
Employee	49,685	25,515	24,170	84.8	83.4	86.4
Permanent position	41,730	21,875	19,850	71.2	71.5	70.9
Temporary position	7,960	3,640	4,320	13.6	11.9	15.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,990	820	1,170	3.4	2.7	4.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,965	2,820	3,150	10.2	9.2	11.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,735	4,450	3,285	13.2	14.5	11.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,590	30,595	27,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,165	635	530	2.0	2.1	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	57,425	29,965	27,460	98.0	97.9	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	350	245	105	0.6	0.8	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,685	2,210	6,470	14.8	7.2	23.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,460	2,640	815	5.9	8.6	2.9
3 Health occupations	5,430	1,005	4,425	9.3	3.3	15.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,930	2,270	4,655	11.8	7.4	16.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,235	475	760	2.1	1.6	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	15,215	6,605	8,610	26.0	21.6	30.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,445	11,425	1,015	21.2	37.3	3.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,050	1,685	365	3.5	5.5	1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,635	1,400	235	2.8	4.6	0.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,590	30,595	27,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,165	635	530	2.0	2.1	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	57,425	29,965	27,460	98.0	97.9	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	915	660	255	1.6	2.2	0.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,020	1,790	230	3.4	5.9	0.8
22 Utilities	325	250	75	0.6	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	5,455	4,660	795	9.3	15.2	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	2,730	2,190	540	4.7	7.2	1.9
41 Wholesale trade	1,635	1,265	375	2.8	4.1	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	7,630	3,705	3,925	13.0	12.1	14.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,320	2,710	610	5.7	8.9	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	580	335	245	1.0	1.1	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,270	420	845	2.2	1.4	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	950	460	495	1.6	1.5	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,660	1,830	1,830	6.2	6.0	6.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	90	65	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,330	1,365	965	4.0	4.5	3.4
61 Educational services	3,865	1,225	2,640	6.6	4.0	9.4
62 Health care and social assistance	8,745	1,475	7,275	14.9	4.8	26.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,535	775	755	2.6	2.5	2.7
72 Accommodation and food services	4,250	1,785	2,460	7.3	5.8	8.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,545	1,245	1,300	4.3	4.1	4.6
91 Public administration	3,565	1,750	1,815	6.1	5.7	6.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	62,945	32,490	30,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	61,900	32,010	29,885	98.3	98.5	98.1
French	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	140	85	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	140	85	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	240	75	170	0.4	0.2	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	590	290	295	0.9	0.9	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	62,945	32,490	30,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	62,840	32,445	30,400	99.8	99.9	99.8
Official languages	62,615	32,305	30,310	99.5	99.4	99.5
English	62,500	32,260	30,240	99.3	99.3	99.3
French	115	40	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	230	140	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	230	140	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	62,945	32,490	30,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	62,205	32,175	30,030	98.8	99.0	98.6
English	130	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
French	165	60	110	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	340	155	180	0.5	0.5	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	290	145	150	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	54,155	28,255	25,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,585	3,250	4,335	14.0	11.5	16.7
Worked outside Canada	80	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	8,585	6,480	2,105	15.9	22.9	8.1
Usual place of work	37,900	18,475	19,430	70.0	65.4	75.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,900	18,470	19,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	30,095	13,335	16,760	79.4	72.2	86.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,625	4,290	2,335	17.5	23.2	12.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	880	600	280	2.3	3.2	1.4
Commute to a different province or territory	300	245	55	0.8	1.3	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	46,485	24,950	21,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	40,685	22,160	18,520	87.5	88.8	86.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	37,935	20,870	17,065	81.6	83.6	79.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,745	1,290	1,460	5.9	5.2	6.8
Public transit	1,865	790	1,075	4.0	3.2	5.0
Walked	2,440	990	1,445	5.2	4.0	6.7
Bicycle	405	320	85	0.9	1.3	0.4
Other method	1,095	690	405	2.4	2.8	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	46,485	24,950	21,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	19,335	9,305	10,030	41.6	37.3	46.6
15 to 29 minutes	19,100	10,235	8,865	41.1	41.0	41.2
30 to 44 minutes	4,185	2,620	1,565	9.0	10.5	7.3
45 to 59 minutes	1,775	1,125	655	3.8	4.5	3.0
60 minutes and over	2,095	1,675	420	4.5	6.7	2.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	46,485	24,950	21,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,525	2,775	755	7.6	11.1	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,605	5,740	2,865	18.5	23.0	13.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,740	6,520	6,220	27.4	26.1	28.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,560	3,840	5,715	20.6	15.4	26.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,070	2,115	2,950	10.9	8.5	13.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,990	3,965	3,025	15.0	15.9	14.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,800	10,715	10,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,270	650	620	6.1	6.1	6.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,530	10,070	9,460	93.9	94.0	93.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,360	7,945	7,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	975	495	480	6.3	6.2	6.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	585	285	295	3.8	3.6	4.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	395	210	185	2.6	2.6	2.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,380	7,445	6,935	93.6	93.7	93.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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