Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	ReginaMore information: Saskatchewan [Census metropolitan area]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	249,217	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	236,695^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	108,120	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	100,211	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	57.6	...	...	57.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	4,323.66	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	249,215	123,130	126,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	47,330	24,195	23,135	19.0	19.6	18.3
0 to 4 years	14,880	7,510	7,370	6.0	6.1	5.8
5 to 9 years	16,410	8,330	8,080	6.6	6.8	6.4
10 to 14 years	16,045	8,360	7,685	6.4	6.8	6.1
15 to 64 years	163,390	81,795	81,600	65.6	66.4	64.7
15 to 19 years	14,405	7,440	6,965	5.8	6.0	5.5
20 to 24 years	15,985	8,355	7,635	6.4	6.8	6.1
25 to 29 years	16,530	8,255	8,275	6.6	6.7	6.6
30 to 34 years	18,955	9,355	9,600	7.6	7.6	7.6
35 to 39 years	19,715	9,845	9,870	7.9	8.0	7.8
40 to 44 years	17,905	9,035	8,875	7.2	7.3	7.0
45 to 49 years	15,230	7,575	7,660	6.1	6.2	6.1
50 to 54 years	14,005	7,025	6,985	5.6	5.7	5.5
55 to 59 years	15,645	7,575	8,070	6.3	6.2	6.4
60 to 64 years	15,010	7,335	7,675	6.0	6.0	6.1
65 years and over	38,490	17,135	21,350	15.4	13.9	16.9
65 to 69 years	12,725	6,120	6,600	5.1	5.0	5.2
70 to 74 years	9,560	4,495	5,060	3.8	3.7	4.0
75 to 79 years	6,280	2,815	3,465	2.5	2.3	2.7
80 to 84 years	4,555	1,855	2,705	1.8	1.5	2.1
85 years and over	5,370	1,845	3,520	2.2	1.5	2.8
85 to 89 years	3,075	1,105	1,970	1.2	0.9	1.6
90 to 94 years	1,780	615	1,160	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	455	115	335	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	60	10	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.0	19.6	18.3	19.0	19.6	18.3
15 to 64 years	65.6	66.4	64.7	65.6	66.4	64.7
65 years and over	15.4	13.9	16.9	15.4	13.9	16.9
85 years and over	2.2	1.5	2.8	2.2	1.5	2.8
Average age of the population	39.0	38.0	40.0	39.0	38.0	40.0
Median age of the population	38.0	36.8	38.8	38.0	36.8	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	100,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	65,495	...	...	65.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,715	...	...	2.7	...	...
Row house	6,195	...	...	6.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,220	...	...	2.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	18,660	...	...	18.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,395	...	...	4.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	495	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	100,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	29,190	...	...	29.1	...	...
2 persons	33,605	...	...	33.5	...	...
3 persons	14,855	...	...	14.8	...	...
4 persons	14,035	...	...	14.0	...	...
5 or more persons	8,520	...	...	8.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	244,945	121,115	123,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	201,885	98,930	102,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	115,030	57,470	57,560	57.0	58.1	55.9
Married	96,450	48,190	48,265	47.8	48.7	46.9
Living common-law	18,575	9,280	9,295	9.2	9.4	9.0
Living common law - Never married	14,160	7,110	7,050	7.0	7.2	6.8
Living common law - Separated	545	290	255	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,540	1,745	1,790	1.8	1.8	1.7
Living common law - Widowed	330	130	195	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	86,855	41,460	45,390	43.0	41.9	44.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	60,225	32,695	27,535	29.8	33.0	26.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,420	1,885	2,535	2.2	1.9	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	11,935	4,715	7,220	5.9	4.8	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10,270	2,170	8,105	5.1	2.2	7.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	67,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	33,660	...	...	49.7	...	...
3 persons	14,295	...	...	21.1	...	...
4 persons	13,450	...	...	19.8	...	...
5 or more persons	6,370	...	...	9.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	67,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	56,065	...	...	82.7	...	...
Married couples	46,780	...	...	69.0	...	...
With children⁶	25,810	...	...	38.1	...	...
Without children	20,975	...	...	31.0	...	...
Common-law couples	9,285	...	...	13.7	...	...
With children⁶	3,520	...	...	5.2	...	...
Without children	5,770	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	11,700	...	...	17.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	9,005	...	...	13.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,695	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	244,945	121,115	123,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	198,555	98,335	100,220	81.1	81.2	80.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	112,135	56,050	56,085	45.8	46.3	45.3
Parents in one-parent families	11,700	2,695	9,005	4.8	2.2	7.3
Children⁶	74,720	39,590	35,130	30.5	32.7	28.4
In a two-parent family	55,685	29,220	26,465	22.7	24.1	21.4
In a one-parent family	19,040	10,370	8,665	7.8	8.6	7.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	46,390	22,780	23,615	18.9	18.8	19.1
Living alone	29,190	13,190	15,995	11.9	10.9	12.9
Living with other relatives⁷	6,360	2,970	3,395	2.6	2.5	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	10,840	6,620	4,220	4.4	5.5	3.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	100,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	60,420	...	...	60.3	...	...
Couple-family households	51,240	...	...	51.1	...	...
With children⁶	26,715	...	...	26.7	...	...
Without children	24,525	...	...	24.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	9,185	...	...	9.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,120	...	...	2.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	490	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	3,030	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,960	...	...	4.9	...	...
One-person households	29,190	...	...	29.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	197,805	97,025	100,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	189,195	92,525	96,670	95.6	95.4	95.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	52,400	42,800	47,200	52,400	42,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	189,290	92,575	96,720	95.7	95.4	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	45,600	38,800	42,000	45,600	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	172,650	85,515	87,135	87.3	88.1	86.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,200	36,400	42,400	49,200	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	142,950	72,960	69,990	72.3	75.2	69.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	49,600	39,200	44,000	49,600	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	166,965	80,140	86,830	84.4	82.6	86.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	5,400	8,900	7,500	5,400	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,605	8,975	8,630	8.9	9.3	8.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,520	6,000	5,720	5,520	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,685	23,495	24,190	24.1	24.2	24.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	197,760	96,990	100,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	189,125	92,450	96,675	95.6	95.3	95.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,100	65,100	51,450	58,100	65,100	51,450
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	189,220	92,495	96,725	95.7	95.4	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,240	52,800	43,880	48,240	52,800	43,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	172,860	85,515	87,345	87.4	88.2	86.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,000	62,200	45,960	54,000	62,200	45,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	142,955	72,760	70,195	72.3	75.0	69.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,050	60,000	45,880	53,050	60,000	45,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	166,660	79,895	86,765	84.3	82.4	86.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,950	8,740	11,060	9,950	8,740	11,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,405	8,950	8,455	8.8	9.2	8.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,010	6,110	7,970	7,010	6,110	7,970
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,760	23,615	24,150	24.2	24.3	24.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,870	8,820	8,910	8,870	8,820	8,910
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	197,760	96,990	100,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	74,200	40,055	34,150	37.5	41.3	33.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,000	73,000	63,200	68,000	73,000	63,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,400	84,300	69,300	77,400	84,300	69,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	53,170	25,075	28,095	26.9	25.9	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	21,400	17,200	19,000	21,400	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,960	32,880	25,460	28,960	32,880	25,460
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.0	88.4	80.8	85.0	88.4	80.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.0	72.6	64.8	69.0	72.6	64.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.1	11.6	19.3	15.1	11.6	19.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	3.8	5.2	4.4	3.8	5.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.5	4.3	3.9	3.5	4.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	197,810	97,025	100,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	8,610	4,500	4,110	4.4	4.6	4.1
With total income	189,195	92,530	96,670	95.6	95.4	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,305	6,565	7,735	7.6	7.1	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	17,615	7,560	10,055	9.3	8.2	10.4
$20,000 to $29,999	25,145	10,800	14,340	13.3	11.7	14.8
$30,000 to $39,999	22,345	9,740	12,605	11.8	10.5	13.0
$40,000 to $49,999	21,325	9,510	11,820	11.3	10.3	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	18,665	8,790	9,875	9.9	9.5	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	15,445	7,825	7,625	8.2	8.5	7.9
$70,000 to $79,999	12,505	6,725	5,780	6.6	7.3	6.0
$80,000 to $89,999	9,970	5,435	4,535	5.3	5.9	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	8,075	4,360	3,715	4.3	4.7	3.8
$100,000 and over	23,795	15,205	8,590	12.6	16.4	8.9
$100,000 to $149,999	16,730	10,170	6,565	8.8	11.0	6.8
$150,000 and over	7,060	5,040	2,025	3.7	5.4	2.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	197,810	97,025	100,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	8,515	4,450	4,065	4.3	4.6	4.0
With after-tax income	189,295	92,575	96,715	95.7	95.4	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,940	6,780	8,165	7.9	7.3	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	18,560	7,970	10,590	9.8	8.6	10.9
$20,000 to $29,999	28,975	12,625	16,350	15.3	13.6	16.9
$30,000 to $39,999	27,125	12,110	15,010	14.3	13.1	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	25,580	11,945	13,635	13.5	12.9	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	21,145	10,675	10,470	11.2	11.5	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	16,200	8,615	7,590	8.6	9.3	7.8
$70,000 to $79,999	12,160	6,475	5,685	6.4	7.0	5.9
$80,000 to $89,999	7,845	4,355	3,495	4.1	4.7	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	5,240	3,115	2,130	2.8	3.4	2.2
$100,000 and over	11,510	7,910	3,600	6.1	8.5	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	6,260	4,155	2,105	3.3	4.5	2.2
$125,000 and over	5,250	3,755	1,495	2.8	4.1	1.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	197,810	97,025	100,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	54,855	24,065	30,790	27.7	24.8	30.6
With employment income	142,955	72,960	69,995	72.3	75.2	69.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	16,840	7,750	9,085	11.8	10.6	13.0
$5,000 to $9,999	10,435	4,720	5,715	7.3	6.5	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	15,130	6,915	8,215	10.6	9.5	11.7
$20,000 to $29,999	12,145	5,800	6,340	8.5	7.9	9.1
$30,000 to $39,999	11,905	5,590	6,315	8.3	7.7	9.0
$40,000 to $49,999	12,500	5,885	6,615	8.7	8.1	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	11,850	5,910	5,940	8.3	8.1	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	10,705	5,685	5,015	7.5	7.8	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	8,980	4,925	4,055	6.3	6.8	5.8
$80,000 to $89,999	7,665	4,170	3,500	5.4	5.7	5.0
$90,000 to $99,999	6,470	3,500	2,970	4.5	4.8	4.2
$100,000 and over	18,330	12,110	6,220	12.8	16.6	8.9
$100,000 to $124,999	8,965	5,400	3,560	6.3	7.4	5.1
$125,000 and over	9,370	6,710	2,655	6.6	9.2	3.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	197,805	97,025	100,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	184,665	90,160	94,505	93.4	92.9	93.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	52,400	40,800	46,000	52,400	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	184,740	90,165	94,575	93.4	92.9	93.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	45,600	36,800	40,800	45,600	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	169,695	84,030	85,665	85.8	86.6	85.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	51,200	37,600	43,600	51,200	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	141,730	72,335	69,400	71.7	74.6	68.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	51,600	39,600	44,800	51,600	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	157,050	75,490	81,560	79.4	77.8	80.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,080	1,120	4,560	2,080	1,120	4,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	13,160	6,405	6,755	6.7	6.6	6.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	5,440	7,150	6,080	5,440	7,150
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	197,760	96,990	100,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	184,765	90,100	94,665	93.4	92.9	93.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,150	64,200	48,560	56,150	64,200	48,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	184,815	90,110	94,710	93.5	92.9	94.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,320	51,750	41,200	46,320	51,750	41,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	170,210	84,100	86,115	86.1	86.7	85.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,650	63,700	45,760	54,650	63,700	45,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	142,255	72,505	69,750	71.9	74.8	69.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,100	61,650	46,280	54,100	61,650	46,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	157,220	75,475	81,745	79.5	77.8	81.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,860	5,610	8,020	6,860	5,610	8,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,145	6,410	6,735	6.6	6.6	6.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,790	6,400	9,100	7,790	6,400	9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	197,760	96,990	100,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	73,640	39,755	33,890	37.2	41.0	33.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	70,500	58,800	64,500	70,500	58,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,100	81,800	65,100	74,100	81,800	65,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	49,575	23,250	26,330	25.1	24.0	26.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	29,200	22,800	25,400	29,200	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,920	41,800	30,760	35,920	41,800	30,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.6	92.6	85.8	89.6	92.6	85.8
Employment income (%)	74.2	77.4	70.2	74.2	77.4	70.2
Government transfers (%)	10.4	7.3	14.3	10.4	7.3	14.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.3	1.0	0.7	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	100,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	29,190	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	71,020	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	100,210	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	109,700	...	...	109,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,100	...	...	91,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	29,170	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,300	...	...	59,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,240	...	...	49,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	71,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,400	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,200	...	...	108,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	100,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,075	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	455	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	765	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,450	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,255	...	...	3.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,020	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,855	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,160	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,335	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,500	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,065	...	...	7.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	7,030	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,740	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,210	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,870	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	44,430	...	...	44.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	12,400	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	9,445	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	12,115	...	...	12.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	10,470	...	...	10.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	100,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,175	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	455	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	795	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,515	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,560	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,440	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,370	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,955	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,130	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,185	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	8,590	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	8,315	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,780	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	7,125	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,360	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	35,460	...	...	35.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	13,025	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,815	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	13,620	...	...	13.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	67,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	25,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	29,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	10,930	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	40,030	19,810	20,220	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	43,200	43,200	43,200	43,200	43,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	38,400	38,800	38,400	38,400	38,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	67,610	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,600	...	...	108,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25,120	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	125,500	...	...	125,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,500	...	...	102,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	29,445	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,800	...	...	156,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,200	...	...	129,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,100	...	...	80,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,800	...	...	70,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	39,985	19,805	20,180	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,150	52,900	53,400	53,150	52,900	53,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,600	43,760	45,440	44,600	43,760	45,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	244,950	121,115	123,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	55,665	28,505	27,165	22.7	23.5	21.9
0 to 5 years	18,110	9,135	8,980	7.4	7.5	7.3
18 to 64 years	153,260	76,235	77,020	62.6	62.9	62.2
65 years and over	36,020	16,370	19,650	14.7	13.5	15.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	24,970	11,900	13,075	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	7,495	3,840	3,650	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	2,690	1,295	1,395	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	13,800	6,740	7,060	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,685	1,325	2,365	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.2	9.8	10.6	10.2	9.8	10.6
0 to 17 years (%)	13.5	13.5	13.5	13.5	13.5	13.5
0 to 5 years (%)	14.8	14.2	15.5	14.8	14.2	15.5
18 to 64 years (%)	9.0	8.8	9.2	9.0	8.8	9.2
65 years and over (%)	10.2	8.1	12.0	10.2	8.1	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	244,945	121,115	123,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	55,665	28,500	27,165	22.7	23.5	21.9
0 to 5 years	18,115	9,135	8,980	7.4	7.5	7.3
18 to 64 years	153,260	76,240	77,020	62.6	62.9	62.2
65 years and over	36,020	16,375	19,645	14.7	13.5	15.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	10,400	5,620	4,780	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,455	1,275	1,185	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	815	405	405	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,465	4,125	3,340	...	...	...
65 years and over	480	220	255	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.3	4.6	3.9	4.3	4.6	3.9
0 to 17 years (%)	4.4	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.4
0 to 5 years (%)	4.5	4.4	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.5
18 to 64 years (%)	4.9	5.4	4.3	4.9	5.4	4.3
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	244,950	121,115	123,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	112,745	54,690	58,055	46.0	45.2	46.9
In bottom decile	22,845	11,460	11,390	9.3	9.5	9.2
In second decile	22,370	10,345	12,020	9.1	8.5	9.7
In third decile	22,345	10,795	11,550	9.1	8.9	9.3
In fourth decile	22,350	10,815	11,530	9.1	8.9	9.3
In fifth decile	22,835	11,275	11,565	9.3	9.3	9.3
In top half of the distribution	132,205	66,425	65,780	54.0	54.8	53.1
In sixth decile	24,415	12,010	12,400	10.0	9.9	10.0
In seventh decile	25,815	12,940	12,870	10.5	10.7	10.4
In eighth decile	27,475	13,770	13,700	11.2	11.4	11.1
In ninth decile	28,460	14,360	14,105	11.6	11.9	11.4
In top decile	26,045	13,340	12,705	10.6	11.0	10.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	244,945	...	...	244,945	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.328	...	...	0.328	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.424	...	...	0.424	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.288	...	...	0.288	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	245,920	121,530	124,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	228,215	113,550	114,660	92.8	93.4	92.2
French only	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	14,575	6,570	8,000	5.9	5.4	6.4
Neither English nor French	2,945	1,325	1,625	1.2	1.1	1.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	245,920	121,530	124,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	240,050	118,785	121,270	97.6	97.7	97.5
French	2,445	1,185	1,255	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	605	310	295	0.2	0.3	0.2
Neither English nor French	2,815	1,250	1,565	1.1	1.0	1.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	245,920	121,530	124,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	237,310	117,285	120,025	96.5	96.5	96.5
Official languages	194,940	96,105	98,835	79.3	79.1	79.5
English	192,525	94,930	97,590	78.3	78.1	78.5
French	2,415	1,170	1,240	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official languages	42,370	21,180	21,190	17.2	17.4	17.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	330	120	205	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	255	90	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	190	70	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	190	70	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	70	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	95	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	65	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	42,045	21,055	20,985	17.1	17.3	16.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,040	1,520	1,520	1.2	1.3	1.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	585	280	305	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	425	205	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,435	1,235	1,200	1.0	1.0	1.0
Amharic	170	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,755	890	870	0.7	0.7	0.7
Aramaic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	465	245	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,625	785	840	0.7	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,585	760	825	0.6	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	7,385	3,500	3,890	3.0	2.9	3.1
Bikol	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	195	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	410	190	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	435	205	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,950	2,835	3,115	2.4	2.3	2.5
Waray-Waray	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,105	610	500	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kannada	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	620	325	290	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	205	115	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	240	150	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	21,055	10,840	10,210	8.6	8.9	8.2
Albanian	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,910	1,335	1,575	1.2	1.1	1.3
Baltic languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,855	1,310	1,550	1.2	1.1	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	365	165	195	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	870	405	460	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	360	175	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,150	505	645	0.5	0.4	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,225	1,065	1,160	0.9	0.9	0.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,750	820	925	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	1,735	820	920	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	395	200	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	160	95	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	465	235	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	13,255	7,120	6,135	5.4	5.9	4.9
Indo-Aryan languages	12,415	6,675	5,735	5.0	5.5	4.6
Assamese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,370	720	650	0.6	0.6	0.5
Gujarati	2,635	1,485	1,155	1.1	1.2	0.9
Hindi	1,175	660	515	0.5	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	360	180	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,055	2,175	1,875	1.6	1.8	1.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	2,515	1,285	1,235	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	840	435	400	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	175	100	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	595	300	300	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	215	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	335	165	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,000	985	1,010	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	300	150	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	180	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	220	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,295	650	645	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	515	215	300	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,160	595	565	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	145	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	110	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	345	170	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,170	2,540	2,635	2.1	2.1	2.1
Chinese languages	4,635	2,260	2,370	1.9	1.9	1.9
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,200	1,580	1,625	1.3	1.3	1.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,240	595	645	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	525	265	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	420	215	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	350	180	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	130	60	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Thai	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	135	60	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	315	150	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	295	140	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,610	4,250	4,360	3.5	3.5	3.5
English and French	810	415	395	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	6,775	3,355	3,420	2.8	2.8	2.7
French and non-official language(s)	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	755	350	405	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	245,920	121,530	124,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	196,035	96,635	99,400	79.7	79.5	79.9
French	655	320	335	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	11,595	5,770	5,825	4.7	4.7	4.7
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	11,575	5,765	5,815	4.7	4.7	4.7
English and French	2,160	1,005	1,160	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	32,970	16,560	16,410	13.4	13.6	13.2
French and non-official language(s)	115	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	960	470	490	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	1,415	720	700	0.6	0.6	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	245,920	121,530	124,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	236,725	116,880	119,850	96.3	96.2	96.4
Official languages	209,960	103,370	106,600	85.4	85.1	85.7
English	208,980	102,890	106,090	85.0	84.7	85.3
French	985	475	510	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	26,760	13,510	13,250	10.9	11.1	10.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,680	13,480	13,200	10.8	11.1	10.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,095	1,015	1,080	0.9	0.8	0.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	420	195	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	290	135	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,675	815	860	0.7	0.7	0.7
Amharic	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,225	595	625	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	355	180	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,285	635	655	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,275	630	645	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,735	2,290	2,440	1.9	1.9	2.0
Bikol	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	220	105	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,020	1,945	2,075	1.6	1.6	1.7
Waray-Waray	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	750	395	355	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	455	245	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,615	6,590	6,020	5.1	5.4	4.8
Albanian	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,215	605	610	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,195	590	605	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	565	280	285	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	340	175	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	380	180	195	0.2	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	295	135	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	295	135	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	235	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	9,840	5,240	4,600	4.0	4.3	3.7
Indo-Aryan languages	9,280	4,960	4,320	3.8	4.1	3.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	970	505	465	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gujarati	1,985	1,100	885	0.8	0.9	0.7
Hindi	845	480	365	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	270	135	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,315	1,785	1,530	1.3	1.5	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,750	880	870	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	555	275	275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	395	195	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	120	65	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	235	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	850	415	440	0.3	0.3	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	645	320	325	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	390	170	215	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	475	230	245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	75	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	60	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,880	1,915	1,960	1.6	1.6	1.6
Chinese languages	3,465	1,705	1,760	1.4	1.4	1.4
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,580	1,280	1,295	1.0	1.1	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	790	380	410	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	405	210	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	335	170	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	280	140	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,190	4,655	4,540	3.7	3.8	3.6
English and French	340	170	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	8,525	4,325	4,200	3.5	3.6	3.4
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	190	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	245,920	121,530	124,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	215,340	106,270	109,070	87.6	87.4	87.7
English	11,290	5,695	5,595	4.6	4.7	4.5
French	1,855	865	990	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	12,375	6,090	6,285	5.0	5.0	5.1
Indigenous³⁹	400	145	250	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	11,980	5,940	6,035	4.9	4.9	4.9
English and French	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,755	1,455	1,305	1.1	1.2	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	415	190	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,730	890	840	0.7	0.7	0.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	244,945	121,115	123,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	242,010	119,815	122,200	98.8	98.9	98.7
English	241,880	119,745	122,135	98.7	98.9	98.6
French	14,650	6,800	7,850	6.0	5.6	6.3
Non-official languages	57,220	28,515	28,695	23.4	23.5	23.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,035	450	590	0.4	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages	890	395	495	0.4	0.3	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	760	340	430	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	760	340	430	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	345	145	210	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	375	185	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	175	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	175	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	165	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Assiniboine	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	56,230	28,085	28,140	23.0	23.2	22.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,410	2,235	2,175	1.8	1.8	1.8
Berber languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	85	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	85	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	850	415	430	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bilen	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oromo	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	615	300	315	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,670	1,880	1,785	1.5	1.6	1.4
Amharic	355	175	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	2,690	1,410	1,280	1.1	1.2	1.0
Aramaic languages	115	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	85	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	290	165	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	670	340	330	0.3	0.3	0.3
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,145	1,030	1,115	0.9	0.9	0.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	2,065	980	1,085	0.8	0.8	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10,095	4,825	5,265	4.1	4.0	4.3
Bikol	120	50	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	270	135	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	615	290	325	0.3	0.2	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	1,065	490	575	0.4	0.4	0.5
Indonesian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	60	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	175	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,800	4,665	5,140	4.0	3.9	4.2
Waray-Waray	100	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	345	185	165	0.1	0.2	0.1
Creole languages	365	185	185	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haitian Creole	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	95	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,650	850	795	0.7	0.7	0.6
Kannada	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	900	465	440	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	440	255	185	0.2	0.2	0.1
Telugu	400	215	185	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tulu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	28,060	14,350	13,705	11.5	11.8	11.1
Albanian	265	150	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,785	1,785	1,995	1.5	1.5	1.6
Baltic languages	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,740	1,765	1,975	1.5	1.5	1.6
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	395	190	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	1,670	805	860	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	625	320	310	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	305	165	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	275	140	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,720	770	945	0.7	0.6	0.8
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,625	1,340	1,285	1.1	1.1	1.0
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,930	955	980	0.8	0.8	0.8
German	1,905	950	960	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	530	320	210	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afrikaans	225	145	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	275	160	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	190	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	785	410	380	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	17,475	9,220	8,255	7.1	7.6	6.7
Indo-Aryan languages	16,585	8,730	7,860	6.8	7.2	6.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,835	930	910	0.7	0.8	0.7
Gujarati	3,350	1,865	1,485	1.4	1.5	1.2
Hindi	7,750	4,125	3,630	3.2	3.4	2.9
Kacchi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	260	130	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	390	205	185	0.2	0.2	0.1
Oriya languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,070	3,220	2,845	2.5	2.7	2.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	3,975	2,050	1,920	1.6	1.7	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	210	120	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	1,090	595	495	0.4	0.5	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	275	150	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	765	425	340	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dari	355	185	170	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	420	240	180	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,795	1,805	1,990	1.5	1.5	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	585	235	350	0.2	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	350	175	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	225	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,795	1,345	1,450	1.1	1.1	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	410	180	230	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	630	305	330	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	3,145	1,605	1,540	1.3	1.3	1.2
Akan (Twi)	195	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	75	55	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	535	285	245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	160	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	475	240	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	1,295	655	645	0.5	0.5	0.5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	315	165	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	130	60	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	330	190	140	0.1	0.2	0.1
American Sign Language	275	145	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	60	50	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,090	2,985	3,105	2.5	2.5	2.5
Chinese languages	5,355	2,655	2,700	2.2	2.2	2.2
Hakka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	4,170	2,070	2,095	1.7	1.7	1.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,570	760	815	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	685	305	380	0.3	0.3	0.3
Burmese	140	60	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	525	235	290	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	455	210	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	250	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	190	105	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	95	30	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	190	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	325	155	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	305	145	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	244,950	121,115	123,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	24,525	11,645	12,880	10.0	9.6	10.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	23,905	11,360	12,550	9.8	9.4	10.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	14,405	6,725	7,680	5.9	5.6	6.2
Métis	9,360	4,585	4,780	3.8	3.8	3.9
Inuk (Inuit)	140	45	95	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	390	175	220	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	225	115	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	220,425	109,470	110,955	90.0	90.4	89.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	244,950	121,115	123,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	13,065	6,070	6,995	5.3	5.0	5.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	231,885	115,045	116,835	94.7	95.0	94.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	100,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	68,690	...	...	68.5	...	...
Renter	31,520	...	...	31.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	100,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	14,380	...	...	14.3	...	...
Not condominium	85,830	...	...	85.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	100,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	510	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	10,980	...	...	11.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	24,775	...	...	24.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	33,760	...	...	33.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	30,185	...	...	30.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	100,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	28,080	...	...	28.0	...	...
5 rooms	15,190	...	...	15.2	...	...
6 rooms	13,890	...	...	13.9	...	...
7 rooms	12,820	...	...	12.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	30,230	...	...	30.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	100,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	97,135	...	...	96.9	...	...
More than one person per room	3,075	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	100,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	94,520	...	...	94.3	...	...
Not suitable	5,695	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	100,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	19,385	...	...	19.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	33,580	...	...	33.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	12,545	...	...	12.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,825	...	...	6.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,525	...	...	4.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	6,110	...	...	6.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	10,085	...	...	10.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	7,170	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	100,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	92,965	...	...	92.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	7,245	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	100,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	49,760	...	...	49.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	46,235	...	...	46.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,215	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	100,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,870	...	...	3.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	16,345	...	...	16.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	20,820	...	...	20.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	16,810	...	...	16.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	18,370	...	...	18.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	13,665	...	...	13.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,130	...	...	7.1	...	...
85 years and over	3,200	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	99,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	80,755	...	...	81.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	18,620	...	...	18.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	16,975	...	...	17.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	100,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	28,745	...	...	28.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	16,275	...	...	16.2	...	...
Not suitable only	4,460	...	...	4.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	5,285	...	...	5.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	760	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,490	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	380	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	71,470	...	...	71.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	97,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	9,585	...	...	9.8	...	...
Not in core need	88,150	...	...	90.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	68,310	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.1	...	...	63.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,420	...	...	1,420	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,492	...	...	1,492	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	376,400	...	...	376,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,515	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.9	...	...	14.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.4	...	...	35.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.9	...	...	22.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,150	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,215	...	...	1,215	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	244,950	121,115	123,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	12,760	5,900	6,860	5.2	4.9	5.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	12,245	5,675	6,570	5.0	4.7	5.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10,035	4,645	5,390	4.1	3.8	4.4
Métis single ancestry	2,155	1,025	1,130	0.9	0.8	0.9
Inuit single ancestry	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	515	225	295	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	500	210	295	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	12,680	6,190	6,485	5.2	5.1	5.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	12,025	5,905	6,115	4.9	4.9	4.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,535	3,180	3,350	2.7	2.6	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,400	2,690	2,715	2.2	2.2	2.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	95	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	655	285	370	0.3	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	595	265	335	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	219,510	109,020	110,490	89.6	90.0	89.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	244,950	121,115	123,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	216,850	106,835	110,010	88.5	88.2	88.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	50,520	25,760	24,760	20.6	21.3	20.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	166,330	81,080	85,250	67.9	66.9	68.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	28,100	14,280	13,825	11.5	11.8	11.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	244,950	121,115	123,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	192,745	94,765	97,980	78.7	78.2	79.1
Immigrants⁸¹	46,050	22,900	23,155	18.8	18.9	18.7
Before 1980	4,045	2,010	2,035	1.7	1.7	1.6
1980 to 1990	1,935	980	955	0.8	0.8	0.8
1991 to 2000	2,785	1,295	1,495	1.1	1.1	1.2
2001 to 2010	9,340	4,535	4,805	3.8	3.7	3.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	27,945	14,080	13,870	11.4	11.6	11.2
2011 to 2015	12,960	6,655	6,305	5.3	5.5	5.1
2016 to 2021	14,980	7,425	7,560	6.1	6.1	6.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,155	3,455	2,700	2.5	2.9	2.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	46,050	22,900	23,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	4,460	2,345	2,115	9.7	10.2	9.1
5 to 14 years	8,315	4,475	3,845	18.1	19.5	16.6
15 to 24 years	7,410	3,335	4,075	16.1	14.6	17.6
25 to 44 years	22,085	10,780	11,305	48.0	47.1	48.8
45 years and over	3,780	1,960	1,815	8.2	8.6	7.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	46,050	22,900	23,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,415	1,620	1,790	7.4	7.1	7.7
Brazil	110	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	115	70	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
El Salvador	160	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Guyana	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	675	315	355	1.5	1.4	1.5
Mexico	335	170	160	0.7	0.7	0.7
Peru	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	85	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
United States of America	1,265	545	720	2.7	2.4	3.1
Other places of birth in Americas	540	295	250	1.2	1.3	1.1
Europe	6,050	3,055	2,995	13.1	13.3	12.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	205	105	105	0.4	0.5	0.5
Croatia	220	125	100	0.5	0.5	0.4
France	125	50	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Germany	495	235	260	1.1	1.0	1.1
Greece	270	165	105	0.6	0.7	0.5
Hungary	130	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italy	295	140	160	0.6	0.6	0.7
Netherlands	220	155	65	0.5	0.7	0.3
Poland	235	105	130	0.5	0.5	0.6
Portugal	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	190	90	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian Federation	200	95	105	0.4	0.4	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	900	410	485	2.0	1.8	2.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,545	780	760	3.4	3.4	3.3
Other places of birth in Europe	880	480	405	1.9	2.1	1.7
Africa	6,335	3,295	3,035	13.8	14.4	13.1
Algeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	230	115	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Egypt	345	175	170	0.7	0.8	0.7
Eritrea	425	220	205	0.9	1.0	0.9
Ethiopia	320	130	195	0.7	0.6	0.8
Morocco	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	2,255	1,175	1,075	4.9	5.1	4.6
Somalia	345	165	180	0.7	0.7	0.8
South Africa, Republic of	335	195	140	0.7	0.9	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	2,035	1,100	935	4.4	4.8	4.0
Asia	30,090	14,865	15,230	65.3	64.9	65.8
Afghanistan	260	125	135	0.6	0.5	0.6
Iran⁸⁸	250	155	100	0.5	0.7	0.4
Iraq	195	95	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanon	75	55	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	640	290	355	1.4	1.3	1.5
Turkey	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	2,925	1,370	1,555	6.4	6.0	6.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	255	125	130	0.6	0.5	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	395	185	210	0.9	0.8	0.9
Taiwan	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	9,905	4,745	5,165	21.5	20.7	22.3
Viet Nam	1,415	640	775	3.1	2.8	3.3
Bangladesh	1,255	670	585	2.7	2.9	2.5
India	7,495	3,885	3,610	16.3	17.0	15.6
Pakistan	2,660	1,340	1,315	5.8	5.9	5.7
Sri Lanka	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	2,170	1,080	1,095	4.7	4.7	4.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	150	60	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	14,980	7,425	7,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	815	405	410	5.4	5.5	5.4
Brazil	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Colombia	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	240	135	110	1.6	1.8	1.5
Mexico	110	50	55	0.7	0.7	0.7
United States of America	275	110	160	1.8	1.5	2.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other places of birth in Americas	110	60	45	0.7	0.8	0.6
Europe	790	465	330	5.3	6.3	4.4
France	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Germany	30	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	75	50	25	0.5	0.7	0.3
Italy	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	160	75	90	1.1	1.0	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	165	110	55	1.1	1.5	0.7
Other places of birth in Europe	295	185	105	2.0	2.5	1.4
Africa	2,770	1,435	1,335	18.5	19.3	17.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cameroon	25	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Côte d'Ivoire	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egypt	165	80	85	1.1	1.1	1.1
Eritrea	215	105	110	1.4	1.4	1.5
Ethiopia	95	30	60	0.6	0.4	0.8
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	1,415	765	655	9.4	10.3	8.7
Somalia	75	35	40	0.5	0.5	0.5
South Africa, Republic of	90	55	30	0.6	0.7	0.4
Sudan⁹⁷	110	55	55	0.7	0.7	0.7
Tunisia	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	470	230	235	3.1	3.1	3.1
Asia	10,580	5,120	5,465	70.6	69.0	72.3
Afghanistan	105	40	65	0.7	0.5	0.9
Bangladesh	490	245	250	3.3	3.3	3.3
China⁹⁰	1,215	605	610	8.1	8.1	8.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
India	3,985	1,975	2,005	26.6	26.6	26.5
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraq	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Israel	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japan	15	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.3
Jordan	60	35	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	85	30	50	0.6	0.4	0.7
Lebanon	40	30	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	790	400	395	5.3	5.4	5.2
Philippines	2,330	1,085	1,245	15.6	14.6	16.5
Saudi Arabia	135	75	65	0.9	1.0	0.9
Sri Lanka	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	555	260	300	3.7	3.5	4.0
Turkey	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
United Arab Emirates	55	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.5
Viet Nam	320	130	190	2.1	1.8	2.5
Other places of birth in Asia	220	110	110	1.5	1.5	1.5
Oceania and other⁹³	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Australia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	244,950	121,115	123,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	53,420	26,855	26,565	21.8	22.2	21.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	31,130	15,025	16,100	12.7	12.4	13.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	160,405	79,230	81,170	65.5	65.4	65.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	42,005	20,885	21,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	29,040	14,940	14,100	69.1	71.5	66.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	11,905	7,535	4,370	28.3	36.1	20.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	17,135	7,405	9,730	40.8	35.5	46.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,575	3,155	4,425	18.0	15.1	21.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,315	2,755	2,565	12.7	13.2	12.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	80	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	42,005	20,885	21,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	545	315	235	1.3	1.5	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	5,025	2,715	2,310	12.0	13.0	10.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,300	690	605	3.1	3.3	2.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,640	2,165	1,475	8.7	10.4	7.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	190	80	110	0.5	0.4	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	31,310	14,925	16,385	74.5	71.5	77.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	244,950	121,115	123,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	58,055	29,305	28,755	23.7	24.2	23.2
South Asian	19,490	10,190	9,305	8.0	8.4	7.5
Chinese	5,925	2,995	2,935	2.4	2.5	2.4
Black	9,960	5,120	4,845	4.1	4.2	3.9
Filipino	12,105	5,790	6,315	4.9	4.8	5.1
Arab	2,005	1,040	970	0.8	0.9	0.8
Latin American	1,430	690	735	0.6	0.6	0.6
Southeast Asian	3,570	1,745	1,825	1.5	1.4	1.5
West Asian	925	495	430	0.4	0.4	0.3
Korean	605	275	330	0.2	0.2	0.3
Japanese	280	125	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	415	180	240	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	1,340	670	675	0.5	0.6	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	186,890	91,810	95,080	76.3	75.8	76.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	244,950	121,115	123,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	21,865	10,995	10,875	8.9	9.1	8.8
English	47,200	23,055	24,145	19.3	19.0	19.5
Irish	32,970	15,710	17,260	13.5	13.0	13.9
Scottish	39,095	19,240	19,855	16.0	15.9	16.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	21,130	10,350	10,785	8.6	8.5	8.7
German	63,175	30,905	32,270	25.8	25.5	26.1
Chinese	6,440	3,205	3,235	2.6	2.6	2.6
Italian	3,260	1,560	1,700	1.3	1.3	1.4
Indian (India)	9,565	5,070	4,500	3.9	4.2	3.6
Ukrainian	29,230	14,170	15,050	11.9	11.7	12.2
Dutch	5,455	2,680	2,775	2.2	2.2	2.2
Polish	12,750	6,095	6,655	5.2	5.0	5.4
Québécois	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,595	2,800	2,795	2.3	2.3	2.3
Filipino	10,900	5,235	5,670	4.4	4.3	4.6
French Canadian	1,095	585	515	0.4	0.5	0.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,140	1,675	1,465	1.3	1.4	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	8,485	4,045	4,440	3.5	3.3	3.6
Métis	8,680	4,200	4,480	3.5	3.5	3.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,615	1,375	1,240	1.1	1.1	1.0
Russian	6,850	3,270	3,585	2.8	2.7	2.9
Norwegian	11,115	5,340	5,770	4.5	4.4	4.7
Welsh	4,140	2,000	2,135	1.7	1.7	1.7
Portuguese	455	235	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	2,580	1,345	1,240	1.1	1.1	1.0
Spanish	1,660	720	935	0.7	0.6	0.8
Swedish	5,910	2,795	3,115	2.4	2.3	2.5
Hungarian	9,155	4,515	4,645	3.7	3.7	3.8
Acadian	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	2,940	1,500	1,445	1.2	1.2	1.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,730	910	820	0.7	0.8	0.7
Jewish	750	400	355	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	1,970	1,030	940	0.8	0.9	0.8
Vietnamese	2,075	1,025	1,055	0.8	0.8	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,005	530	475	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greek	1,370	735	640	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jamaican	970	445	525	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,120	1,045	1,075	0.9	0.9	0.9
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	4,380	2,020	2,355	1.8	1.7	1.9
Korean	615	285	325	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	5,160	2,515	2,645	2.1	2.1	2.1
Lebanese	310	160	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	410	230	180	0.2	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	580	300	280	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	2,395	1,100	1,290	1.0	0.9	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,135	980	1,150	0.9	0.8	0.9
Sikh	1,195	655	540	0.5	0.5	0.4
Austrian	6,620	3,245	3,370	2.7	2.7	2.7
Belgian	1,905	985	915	0.8	0.8	0.7
Haitian	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	1,330	690	640	0.5	0.6	0.5
Mexican	585	300	290	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	770	370	400	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	885	445	445	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	945	450	495	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sri Lankan	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	665	345	320	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	380	165	215	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	425	210	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	130	55	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,310	670	640	0.5	0.6	0.5
Muslim	630	340	290	0.3	0.3	0.2
Egyptian	400	215	185	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	185	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	120	65	50	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	1,475	625	845	0.6	0.5	0.7
Colombian	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	1,215	575	640	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	485	200	280	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	130	45	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	460	240	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	215	100	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	515	260	255	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	435	185	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	125	55	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	170	100	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkish	225	125	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	210	80	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	1,270	670	600	0.5	0.6	0.5
Algerian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	225	115	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	1,450	780	670	0.6	0.6	0.5
Armenian	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	365	225	140	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	480	225	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	665	290	375	0.3	0.2	0.3
Taiwanese	65	50	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	165	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	165	95	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	365	180	190	0.1	0.1	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	235	110	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	260	120	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	270	160	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	285	165	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	320	190	125	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	140	90	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	350	165	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115	40	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	1,155	600	560	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cambodian (Khmer)	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	210	125	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	205	115	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	485	240	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrean	640	340	305	0.3	0.3	0.2
African Canadian	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	515	215	305	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	235	105	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	275	150	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	180	75	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	240	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	450	225	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cameroonian	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	95	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	340	195	150	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ilocano	405	205	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Irish	120	70	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	90	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	45	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	45	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	65	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	70	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	110	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	185	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	285	155	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	595	320	280	0.2	0.3	0.2
Byelorussian	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	245	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	565	250	315	0.2	0.2	0.3
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	1,540	725	810	0.6	0.6	0.7
Buddhist	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	115	40	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ivorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	1,380	620	760	0.6	0.5	0.6
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	100	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	105	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	75	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	115	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	55	45	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	190	105	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	100	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	210	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	100	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	485	250	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Edo	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	244,950	121,115	123,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,790	850	935	0.7	0.7	0.8
Christian	130,610	61,215	69,395	53.3	50.5	56.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	19,320	9,360	9,955	7.9	7.7	8.0
Anabaptist	490	210	290	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	5,205	2,335	2,860	2.1	1.9	2.3
Baptist	3,055	1,430	1,625	1.2	1.2	1.3
Catholic	59,360	28,350	31,010	24.2	23.4	25.0
Christian Orthodox	3,965	1,975	1,990	1.6	1.6	1.6
Jehovah's Witness	945	430	510	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latter Day Saints	610	320	290	0.2	0.3	0.2
Lutheran	12,275	5,635	6,640	5.0	4.7	5.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	380	170	210	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	3,220	1,480	1,735	1.3	1.2	1.4
Presbyterian	980	455	525	0.4	0.4	0.4
Reformed	170	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	14,965	6,360	8,610	6.1	5.3	7.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	5,680	2,615	3,065	2.3	2.2	2.5
Hindu	6,590	3,500	3,100	2.7	2.9	2.5
Jewish	365	210	155	0.1	0.2	0.1
Muslim	10,460	5,295	5,170	4.3	4.4	4.2
Sikh	4,450	2,310	2,140	1.8	1.9	1.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,215	470	750	0.5	0.4	0.6
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,625	740	885	0.7	0.6	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	87,835	46,530	41,310	35.9	38.4	33.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	242,175	119,685	122,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	207,330	102,485	104,840	85.6	85.6	85.6
Movers	34,845	17,200	17,650	14.4	14.4	14.4
Non-migrants	25,735	12,625	13,110	10.6	10.5	10.7
Migrants	9,115	4,575	4,540	3.8	3.8	3.7
Internal migrants	6,645	3,305	3,335	2.7	2.8	2.7
Intraprovincial migrants	4,330	2,095	2,240	1.8	1.8	1.8
Interprovincial migrants	2,315	1,215	1,095	1.0	1.0	0.9
External migrants	2,470	1,265	1,200	1.0	1.1	1.0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	230,125	113,645	116,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	135,365	67,050	68,315	58.8	59.0	58.6
Movers	94,760	46,595	48,170	41.2	41.0	41.4
Non-migrants	54,880	26,970	27,910	23.8	23.7	24.0
Migrants	39,880	19,625	20,255	17.3	17.3	17.4
Internal migrants	25,290	12,320	12,970	11.0	10.8	11.1
Intraprovincial migrants	18,095	8,780	9,315	7.9	7.7	8.0
Interprovincial migrants	7,195	3,540	3,655	3.1	3.1	3.1
External migrants	14,595	7,300	7,285	6.3	6.4	6.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	197,760	96,990	100,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	29,545	16,060	13,485	14.9	16.6	13.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	168,210	80,930	87,285	85.1	83.4	86.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	131,770	65,180	66,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,350	6,850	4,500	8.6	10.5	6.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	120,420	58,320	62,095	91.4	89.5	93.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	197,760	96,990	100,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	26,710	14,065	12,645	13.5	14.5	12.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	62,195	31,345	30,845	31.4	32.3	30.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	108,855	51,575	57,280	55.0	53.2	56.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	53,945	26,815	27,130	27.3	27.6	26.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,610	12,085	4,530	8.4	12.5	4.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,635	3,680	2,950	3.4	3.8	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	9,975	8,405	1,580	5.0	8.7	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	29,030	11,465	17,570	14.7	11.8	17.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,305	3,270	5,035	4.2	3.4	5.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	54,910	24,760	30,145	27.8	25.5	29.9
Bachelor's degree	38,670	17,060	21,615	19.6	17.6	21.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,765	1,240	1,530	1.4	1.3	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,390	670	720	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	10,590	4,905	5,680	5.4	5.1	5.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,490	890	605	0.8	0.9	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	131,775	65,175	66,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,870	5,755	4,115	7.5	8.8	6.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	36,670	19,200	17,475	27.8	29.5	26.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	85,230	40,220	45,010	64.7	61.7	67.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	39,815	20,175	19,640	30.2	31.0	29.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,485	9,185	3,300	9.5	14.1	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,860	2,770	2,095	3.7	4.3	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,620	6,420	1,200	5.8	9.9	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	21,845	8,785	13,060	16.6	13.5	19.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,490	2,205	3,280	4.2	3.4	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	45,415	20,045	25,370	34.5	30.8	38.1
Bachelor's degree	31,650	13,760	17,895	24.0	21.1	26.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,225	980	1,245	1.7	1.5	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,205	535	670	0.9	0.8	1.0
Master's degree	9,205	4,125	5,080	7.0	6.3	7.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,130	650	480	0.9	1.0	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	197,760	96,990	100,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	88,905	45,410	43,490	45.0	46.8	43.2
Education	8,715	2,270	6,450	4.4	2.3	6.4
13. Education	8,715	2,270	6,450	4.4	2.3	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,705	1,220	1,495	1.4	1.3	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	380	260	120	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,335	960	1,370	1.2	1.0	1.4
Humanities	4,825	1,905	2,920	2.4	2.0	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	385	100	285	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	1,165	355	815	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,305	440	865	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	90	25	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	395	185	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	745	440	310	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	640	350	295	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	10	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,915	3,740	6,170	5.0	3.9	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	180	40	140	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,175	525	645	0.6	0.5	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,380	100	1,280	0.7	0.1	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,490	715	775	0.8	0.7	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	190	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	2,130	590	1,540	1.1	0.6	1.5
45. Social sciences	3,370	1,685	1,685	1.7	1.7	1.7
Business, management and public administration	27,150	10,440	16,710	13.7	10.8	16.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,420	680	1,740	1.2	0.7	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	24,700	9,750	14,945	12.5	10.1	14.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,315	1,585	1,730	1.7	1.6	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,310	575	740	0.7	0.6	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	720	300	420	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	1,030	645	380	0.5	0.7	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	210	60	155	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,665	3,735	1,930	2.9	3.9	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,805	3,365	1,440	2.4	3.5	1.4
25. Library science	215	45	175	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	560	285	275	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	21,975	19,890	2,090	11.1	20.5	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	585	370	210	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	5,470	4,395	1,080	2.8	4.5	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,490	4,060	435	2.3	4.2	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	5,495	5,345	145	2.8	5.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,670	3,605	60	1.9	3.7	0.1
48. Precision production	2,275	2,115	160	1.2	2.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,015	1,240	775	1.0	1.3	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,555	930	630	0.8	1.0	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	455	310	145	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	17,260	3,305	13,955	8.7	3.4	13.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,250	610	640	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15,560	2,460	13,095	7.9	2.5	13.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	415	215	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,310	2,240	3,070	2.7	2.3	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,325	720	2,610	1.7	0.7	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,270	860	410	0.6	0.9	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	695	650	45	0.4	0.7	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	131,775	65,175	66,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	46,545	24,960	21,585	35.3	38.3	32.4
Education	5,905	1,450	4,455	4.5	2.2	6.7
13. Education	5,905	1,450	4,455	4.5	2.2	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,200	985	1,210	1.7	1.5	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	275	195	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,925	790	1,130	1.5	1.2	1.7
Humanities	3,600	1,395	2,205	2.7	2.1	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	280	75	200	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	900	280	620	0.7	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,035	360	675	0.8	0.6	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	285	125	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	485	290	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
54. History	485	245	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	0	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,080	2,930	5,155	6.1	4.5	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	170	35	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,035	485	545	0.8	0.7	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,135	95	1,040	0.9	0.1	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	1,175	515	660	0.9	0.8	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,590	380	1,200	1.2	0.6	1.8
45. Social sciences	2,835	1,355	1,480	2.2	2.1	2.2
Business, management and public administration	21,985	8,345	13,640	16.7	12.8	20.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,980	515	1,465	1.5	0.8	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	19,970	7,815	12,155	15.2	12.0	18.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,650	1,220	1,430	2.0	1.9	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,045	420	625	0.8	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	560	220	345	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	860	530	330	0.7	0.8	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	155	45	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,765	3,120	1,645	3.6	4.8	2.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,145	2,880	1,260	3.1	4.4	1.9
25. Library science	165	30	130	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	390	175	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	17,255	15,450	1,805	13.1	23.7	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	450	260	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	4,580	3,630	950	3.5	5.6	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,535	3,150	385	2.7	4.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,180	4,070	115	3.2	6.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,780	2,735	45	2.1	4.2	0.1
48. Precision production	1,725	1,605	120	1.3	2.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,560	900	660	1.2	1.4	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,170	645	525	0.9	1.0	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	390	260	135	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	13,040	2,645	10,390	9.9	4.1	15.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	915	460	455	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	11,745	2,010	9,740	8.9	3.1	14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	350	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,195	1,785	2,415	3.2	2.7	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,610	585	2,020	2.0	0.9	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,025	680	345	0.8	1.0	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	555	515	45	0.4	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	131,775	65,175	66,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,545	24,960	21,585	35.3	38.3	32.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	85,230	40,220	45,005	64.7	61.7	67.6
Location of study inside Canada	66,610	31,210	35,400	50.5	47.9	53.2
Same as province or territory of residence	55,055	25,400	29,655	41.8	39.0	44.5
Different than province or territory of residence	11,555	5,810	5,745	8.8	8.9	8.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	18,620	9,010	9,610	14.1	13.8	14.4
Americas	1,940	975	965	1.5	1.5	1.4
United States of America	1,455	775	680	1.1	1.2	1.0
Mexico	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,955	1,075	875	1.5	1.6	1.3
Belgium	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	40	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	445	210	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	610	390	225	0.5	0.6	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	270	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	1,690	855	840	1.3	1.3	1.3
Nigeria	930	470	455	0.7	0.7	0.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	475	235	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asia	12,820	5,970	6,850	9.7	9.2	10.3
Iran⁸⁸	180	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,145	520	625	0.9	0.8	0.9
Taiwan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	165	60	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	4,295	1,885	2,410	3.3	2.9	3.6
Viet Nam	345	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bangladesh	575	265	305	0.4	0.4	0.5
Sri Lanka	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	4,525	2,240	2,285	3.4	3.4	3.4
Pakistan	995	470	525	0.8	0.7	0.8
Other locations of study in Asia	300	150	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	210	125	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Australia	180	120	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	197,760	96,990	100,770	...	...	...
In the labour force	134,155	69,610	64,550	...	...	...
Employed	121,445	62,720	58,730	...	...	...
Unemployed	12,710	6,890	5,820	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	63,605	27,380	36,225	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.8	71.8	64.1	67.8	71.8	64.1
Employment rate	61.4	64.7	58.3	61.4	64.7	58.3
Unemployment rate	9.5	9.9	9.0	9.5	9.9	9.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	197,760	96,990	100,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	65,095	28,780	36,315	32.9	29.7	36.0
Worked	132,665	68,210	64,460	67.1	70.3	64.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	76,060	41,230	34,830	38.5	42.5	34.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	56,610	26,975	29,630	28.6	27.8	29.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.7	41.6	42.2	42.7	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	134,155	69,605	64,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,680	1,965	1,715	2.7	2.8	2.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	130,480	67,645	62,830	97.3	97.2	97.3
Employee	115,595	58,685	56,910	86.2	84.3	88.2
Permanent position	96,160	49,485	46,675	71.7	71.1	72.3
Temporary position	19,440	9,200	10,235	14.5	13.2	15.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	6,050	2,565	3,485	4.5	3.7	5.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	13,385	6,635	6,750	10.0	9.5	10.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	14,885	8,965	5,920	11.1	12.9	9.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	134,155	69,605	64,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,680	1,965	1,715	2.7	2.8	2.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	130,480	67,645	62,830	97.3	97.2	97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,555	960	595	1.2	1.4	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	24,725	7,855	16,875	18.4	11.3	26.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10,190	7,810	2,375	7.6	11.2	3.7
3 Health occupations	11,625	2,185	9,435	8.7	3.1	14.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	17,470	6,245	11,225	13.0	9.0	17.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,060	1,335	1,720	2.3	1.9	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	33,245	15,475	17,765	24.8	22.2	27.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	22,040	20,325	1,715	16.4	29.2	2.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,830	2,165	665	2.1	3.1	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,745	3,285	460	2.8	4.7	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	134,155	69,605	64,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,680	1,965	1,715	2.7	2.8	2.7
All industries¹⁹¹	130,480	67,645	62,830	97.3	97.2	97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,890	1,330	560	1.4	1.9	0.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,230	1,040	185	0.9	1.5	0.3
22 Utilities	2,175	1,350	825	1.6	1.9	1.3
23 Construction	9,685	8,435	1,250	7.2	12.1	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	6,085	5,110	975	4.5	7.3	1.5
41 Wholesale trade	4,780	3,635	1,145	3.6	5.2	1.8
44-45 Retail trade	15,000	7,840	7,155	11.2	11.3	11.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,480	4,495	985	4.1	6.5	1.5
51 Information and cultural industries	3,310	1,885	1,430	2.5	2.7	2.2
52 Finance and insurance	7,520	3,050	4,465	5.6	4.4	6.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,200	1,230	970	1.6	1.8	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,910	4,450	3,465	5.9	6.4	5.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	205	90	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,700	2,760	1,940	3.5	4.0	3.0
61 Educational services	9,335	3,065	6,275	7.0	4.4	9.7
62 Health care and social assistance	19,085	3,790	15,300	14.2	5.4	23.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,495	1,300	1,195	1.9	1.9	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	7,945	3,725	4,225	5.9	5.4	6.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	6,320	2,885	3,430	4.7	4.1	5.3
91 Public administration	13,135	6,205	6,930	9.8	8.9	10.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	141,535	72,785	68,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	136,555	70,440	66,115	96.5	96.8	96.2
French	415	135	285	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	585	280	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	585	280	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	1,240	440	800	0.9	0.6	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,620	1,420	1,195	1.9	2.0	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	141,535	72,785	68,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	140,830	72,440	68,390	99.5	99.5	99.5
Official languages	139,860	71,920	67,945	98.8	98.8	98.8
English	139,100	71,705	67,400	98.3	98.5	98.0
French	755	215	540	0.5	0.3	0.8
Non-official languages	970	520	450	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	965	520	450	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	240	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	175	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	520	300	225	0.4	0.4	0.3
Chinese languages	495	285	210	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	375	215	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	700	350	360	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	555	295	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	141,535	72,785	68,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	138,155	71,135	67,015	97.6	97.7	97.5
English	650	275	375	0.5	0.4	0.5
French	780	315	465	0.6	0.4	0.7
Non-official language	1,505	835	675	1.1	1.1	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,470	825	645	1.0	1.1	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	345	175	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	121,450	62,720	58,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	25,155	11,375	13,780	20.7	18.1	23.5
Worked outside Canada	200	155	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	13,705	10,620	3,085	11.3	16.9	5.3
Usual place of work	82,385	40,560	41,820	67.8	64.7	71.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	82,385	40,565	41,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	69,435	32,820	36,615	84.3	80.9	87.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,115	6,570	4,550	13.5	16.2	10.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,365	845	530	1.7	2.1	1.3
Commute to a different province or territory	460	330	130	0.6	0.8	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	96,090	51,185	44,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	87,055	47,365	39,690	90.6	92.5	88.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	80,790	45,465	35,320	84.1	88.8	78.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	6,265	1,900	4,365	6.5	3.7	9.7
Public transit	3,150	1,220	1,935	3.3	2.4	4.3
Walked	3,435	1,435	2,000	3.6	2.8	4.5
Bicycle	535	365	170	0.6	0.7	0.4
Other method	1,915	805	1,110	2.0	1.6	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	96,090	51,185	44,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	38,340	19,280	19,065	39.9	37.7	42.5
15 to 29 minutes	45,565	24,765	20,800	47.4	48.4	46.3
30 to 44 minutes	7,735	4,380	3,355	8.0	8.6	7.5
45 to 59 minutes	2,280	1,345	940	2.4	2.6	2.1
60 minutes and over	2,160	1,415	750	2.2	2.8	1.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	96,090	51,185	44,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,660	3,435	1,220	4.8	6.7	2.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	16,030	9,880	6,150	16.7	19.3	13.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	31,020	16,100	14,920	32.3	31.5	33.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	18,725	8,765	9,960	19.5	17.1	22.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10,995	4,895	6,100	11.4	9.6	13.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	14,650	8,110	6,545	15.2	15.8	14.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	56,665	29,030	27,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,250	2,165	2,085	7.5	7.5	7.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	52,410	26,865	25,550	92.5	92.5	92.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	40,620	20,935	19,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,245	1,670	1,575	8.0	8.0	8.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,265	1,120	1,145	5.6	5.3	5.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	980	550	430	2.4	2.6	2.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	37,370	19,265	18,110	92.0	92.0	92.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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