Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	NortheastMore information: British Columbia [Economic region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	66,010	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	68,335	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 3.4	...	...	- 3.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	31,206	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	26,820	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.3	...	...	0.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	202,075.63	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	66,010	33,815	32,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,840	7,185	6,655	21.0	21.2	20.7
0 to 4 years	4,550	2,340	2,215	6.9	6.9	6.9
5 to 9 years	4,730	2,415	2,310	7.2	7.1	7.2
10 to 14 years	4,560	2,425	2,130	6.9	7.2	6.6
15 to 64 years	44,045	22,640	21,405	66.7	67.0	66.5
15 to 19 years	4,030	2,145	1,885	6.1	6.3	5.9
20 to 24 years	4,015	2,115	1,900	6.1	6.3	5.9
25 to 29 years	4,990	2,590	2,400	7.6	7.7	7.5
30 to 34 years	5,395	2,770	2,625	8.2	8.2	8.2
35 to 39 years	5,160	2,640	2,525	7.8	7.8	7.8
40 to 44 years	4,320	2,170	2,150	6.5	6.4	6.7
45 to 49 years	3,905	2,000	1,905	5.9	5.9	5.9
50 to 54 years	3,895	1,915	1,985	5.9	5.7	6.2
55 to 59 years	4,285	2,225	2,065	6.5	6.6	6.4
60 to 64 years	4,045	2,070	1,975	6.1	6.1	6.1
65 years and over	8,125	3,990	4,130	12.3	11.8	12.8
65 to 69 years	3,125	1,600	1,525	4.7	4.7	4.7
70 to 74 years	2,090	1,055	1,035	3.2	3.1	3.2
75 to 79 years	1,325	650	670	2.0	1.9	2.1
80 to 84 years	845	400	445	1.3	1.2	1.4
85 years and over	740	285	455	1.1	0.8	1.4
85 to 89 years	495	200	300	0.7	0.6	0.9
90 to 94 years	195	80	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
95 to 99 years	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21.0	21.2	20.7	21.0	21.2	20.7
15 to 64 years	66.7	67.0	66.5	66.7	67.0	66.5
65 years and over	12.3	11.8	12.8	12.3	11.8	12.8
85 years and over	1.1	0.8	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.4
Average age of the population	37.0	36.6	37.5	37.0	36.6	37.5
Median age of the population	35.6	35.2	36.0	35.6	35.2	36.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	26,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	16,945	...	...	63.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,430	...	...	5.3	...	...
Row house	1,575	...	...	5.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	470	...	...	1.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,285	...	...	12.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	150	...	...	0.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,920	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	26,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,040	...	...	30.0	...	...
2 persons	9,140	...	...	34.1	...	...
3 persons	3,995	...	...	14.9	...	...
4 persons	3,330	...	...	12.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,320	...	...	8.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	64,725	33,205	31,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	52,170	26,630	25,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	30,610	15,380	15,230	58.7	57.8	59.6
Married	23,425	11,795	11,630	44.9	44.3	45.5
Living common-law	7,185	3,585	3,600	13.8	13.5	14.1
Living common law - Never married	5,495	2,760	2,735	10.5	10.4	10.7
Living common law - Separated	380	185	200	0.7	0.7	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	1,185	585	595	2.3	2.2	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	125	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	21,560	11,250	10,310	41.3	42.2	40.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	14,880	8,625	6,255	28.5	32.4	24.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,660	760	905	3.2	2.9	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,880	1,390	1,490	5.5	5.2	5.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,135	480	1,660	4.1	1.8	6.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	17,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	9,075	...	...	51.1	...	...
3 persons	3,665	...	...	20.6	...	...
4 persons	3,125	...	...	17.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,890	...	...	10.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	17,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	14,865	...	...	83.7	...	...
Married couples	11,270	...	...	63.5	...	...
With children⁶	5,825	...	...	32.8	...	...
Without children	5,445	...	...	30.7	...	...
Common-law couples	3,590	...	...	20.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,645	...	...	9.3	...	...
Without children	1,945	...	...	11.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,890	...	...	16.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,125	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	760	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	64,725	33,205	31,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	52,155	26,095	26,060	80.6	78.6	82.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	29,725	14,865	14,860	45.9	44.8	47.1
Parents in one-parent families	2,885	765	2,125	4.5	2.3	6.7
Children⁶	19,540	10,465	9,070	30.2	31.5	28.8
In a two-parent family	14,935	7,935	7,000	23.1	23.9	22.2
In a one-parent family	4,600	2,535	2,070	7.1	7.6	6.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,575	7,110	5,465	19.4	21.4	17.3
Living alone	8,040	4,530	3,505	12.4	13.6	11.1
Living with other relatives⁷	1,445	705	740	2.2	2.1	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	3,090	1,875	1,220	4.8	5.6	3.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	26,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	16,010	...	...	59.7	...	...
Couple-family households	13,725	...	...	51.2	...	...
With children⁶	6,950	...	...	25.9	...	...
Without children	6,770	...	...	25.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,285	...	...	8.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	405	...	...	1.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	110	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	915	...	...	3.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,350	...	...	5.0	...	...
One-person households	8,040	...	...	30.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	51,135	26,130	25,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,290	25,245	24,045	96.4	96.6	96.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	64,500	36,800	47,600	64,500	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,330	25,265	24,065	96.5	96.7	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	56,000	34,400	43,200	56,000	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,345	23,520	20,825	86.7	90.0	83.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	63,600	30,400	44,800	63,600	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,585	21,475	18,105	77.4	82.2	72.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	65,000	32,400	46,800	65,000	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,595	17,405	20,190	73.5	66.6	80.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,000	9,400	9,000	8,000	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,595	2,765	2,835	10.9	10.6	11.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,840	6,080	6,000	5,840	6,080
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,980	6,455	6,525	25.4	24.7	26.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	51,135	26,125	25,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,310	25,230	24,080	96.4	96.6	96.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,050	74,800	44,640	60,050	74,800	44,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,330	25,240	24,090	96.5	96.6	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	60,850	39,400	50,400	60,850	39,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,390	23,405	20,985	86.8	89.6	83.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,450	72,900	40,200	57,450	72,900	40,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,585	21,450	18,135	77.4	82.1	72.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,450	71,900	40,360	57,450	71,900	40,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,670	17,455	20,215	73.7	66.8	80.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,930	10,330	11,440	10,930	10,330	11,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,555	2,865	2,685	10.9	11.0	10.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,420	7,190	7,680	7,420	7,190	7,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,720	6,340	6,380	24.9	24.3	25.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,880	8,600	9,170	8,880	8,600	9,170
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	51,140	26,130	25,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	17,850	10,340	7,515	34.9	39.6	30.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,000	86,000	57,200	72,000	86,000	57,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,600	95,500	62,450	81,600	95,500	62,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,730	8,660	8,070	32.7	33.1	32.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,600	43,200	19,200	27,600	43,200	19,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	41,160	54,650	26,680	41,160	54,650	26,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.0	90.4	78.4	86.0	90.4	78.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	76.8	81.8	68.0	76.8	81.8	68.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.9	9.6	21.5	13.9	9.6	21.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.9	1.4	1.1	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	3.4	6.9	4.7	3.4	6.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	2.9	5.4	3.8	2.9	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	51,140	26,125	25,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,845	880	965	3.6	3.4	3.9
With total income	49,295	25,245	24,050	96.4	96.6	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,565	1,630	2,935	9.3	6.5	12.2
$10,000 to $19,999	4,835	1,800	3,035	9.8	7.1	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	6,135	2,365	3,775	12.4	9.4	15.7
$30,000 to $39,999	5,410	2,100	3,310	11.0	8.3	13.8
$40,000 to $49,999	4,770	1,965	2,810	9.7	7.8	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	4,175	1,920	2,255	8.5	7.6	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,555	1,815	1,740	7.2	7.2	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,890	1,815	1,070	5.9	7.2	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,580	1,715	865	5.2	6.8	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,235	1,515	720	4.5	6.0	3.0
$100,000 and over	8,145	6,610	1,535	16.5	26.2	6.4
$100,000 to $149,999	5,400	4,220	1,185	11.0	16.7	4.9
$150,000 and over	2,740	2,390	350	5.6	9.5	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	51,140	26,125	25,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,810	860	945	3.5	3.3	3.8
With after-tax income	49,330	25,270	24,060	96.5	96.7	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,695	1,685	3,010	9.5	6.7	12.5
$10,000 to $19,999	5,010	1,860	3,150	10.2	7.4	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	6,940	2,675	4,265	14.1	10.6	17.7
$30,000 to $39,999	6,200	2,500	3,700	12.6	9.9	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	5,490	2,400	3,085	11.1	9.5	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	4,845	2,465	2,380	9.8	9.8	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	3,920	2,405	1,515	7.9	9.5	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,245	2,180	1,065	6.6	8.6	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,610	1,830	775	5.3	7.2	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,735	1,350	385	3.5	5.3	1.6
$100,000 and over	4,645	3,920	725	9.4	15.5	3.0
$100,000 to $124,999	2,560	2,115	445	5.2	8.4	1.8
$125,000 and over	2,085	1,800	285	4.2	7.1	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	51,140	26,125	25,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	11,555	4,650	6,910	22.6	17.8	27.6
With employment income	39,580	21,475	18,105	77.4	82.2	72.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,520	1,930	2,590	11.4	9.0	14.3
$5,000 to $9,999	2,470	900	1,565	6.2	4.2	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	3,965	1,590	2,375	10.0	7.4	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	3,490	1,410	2,080	8.8	6.6	11.5
$30,000 to $39,999	3,250	1,365	1,880	8.2	6.4	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	3,100	1,340	1,760	7.8	6.2	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	2,935	1,430	1,510	7.4	6.7	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	2,635	1,480	1,160	6.7	6.9	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,415	1,575	845	6.1	7.3	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,060	1,435	625	5.2	6.7	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,840	1,270	570	4.6	5.9	3.1
$100,000 and over	6,900	5,755	1,145	17.4	26.8	6.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,945	2,285	665	7.4	10.6	3.7
$125,000 and over	3,955	3,470	480	10.0	16.2	2.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	51,135	26,130	25,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,065	24,640	23,430	94.0	94.3	93.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	66,500	33,600	46,800	66,500	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,210	24,660	23,550	94.3	94.4	94.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	56,800	30,800	42,000	56,800	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,120	23,425	20,695	86.3	89.6	82.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	67,000	31,800	46,400	67,000	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	40,155	21,740	18,420	78.5	83.2	73.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	67,000	32,800	47,200	67,000	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,935	12,010	16,925	56.6	46.0	67.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,960	4,880	6,450	5,960	4,880	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,465	2,160	2,305	8.7	8.3	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,200	5,920	6,600	6,200	5,920	6,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	51,135	26,125	25,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,000	24,540	23,460	93.9	93.9	93.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,250	77,700	42,000	60,250	77,700	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,155	24,560	23,600	94.2	94.0	94.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,480	62,100	36,360	49,480	62,100	36,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	44,120	23,260	20,860	86.3	89.0	83.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,950	77,600	40,280	59,950	77,600	40,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40,135	21,535	18,600	78.5	82.4	74.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,800	75,700	39,200	58,800	75,700	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,765	11,785	16,975	56.3	45.1	67.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,590	8,670	8,530	8,590	8,670	8,530
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,435	2,115	2,310	8.7	8.1	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,650	7,220	8,050	7,650	7,220	8,050
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	51,140	26,130	25,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	17,750	10,260	7,490	34.7	39.3	29.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	86,000	52,800	69,000	86,000	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,500	95,500	57,500	79,500	95,500	57,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,820	8,265	7,560	30.9	31.6	30.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,200	54,000	24,400	35,200	54,000	24,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	48,440	64,600	30,760	48,440	64,600	30,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.4	94.6	85.4	91.4	94.6	85.4
Employment income (%)	81.6	85.4	74.0	81.6	85.4	74.0
Government transfers (%)	8.5	5.4	14.7	8.5	5.4	14.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.9	1.2	0.8	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	26,820	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,040	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,600	...	...	51,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	46,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	18,780	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	26,820	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,400	...	...	110,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	92,700	...	...	92,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	63,050	...	...	63,050	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,150	...	...	53,150	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	18,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,600	...	...	130,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,600	...	...	109,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	26,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	290	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	130	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	245	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	465	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	895	...	...	3.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	785	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	765	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	855	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	855	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	830	...	...	3.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,670	...	...	6.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,610	...	...	6.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,615	...	...	6.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,575	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,495	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,740	...	...	47.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,335	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,765	...	...	10.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,640	...	...	13.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,005	...	...	11.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	26,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	315	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	140	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	245	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	485	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	930	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	875	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	890	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	980	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	905	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,000	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,005	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,980	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,955	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,865	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,700	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,535	...	...	39.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,860	...	...	14.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,730	...	...	10.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,945	...	...	14.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,780	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,740	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,125	6,405	4,725	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,400	57,200	40,000	48,400	57,200	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,600	50,000	37,200	43,600	50,000	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,770	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,800	...	...	129,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,600	...	...	108,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,955	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	122,700	...	...	122,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,700	...	...	102,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,560	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,200	...	...	155,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,200	...	...	128,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,100	...	...	78,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,300	...	...	69,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,120	6,310	4,810	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	58,900	66,600	48,880	58,900	66,600	48,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,920	55,050	43,200	49,920	55,050	43,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	64,720	33,205	31,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,990	8,340	7,650	24.7	25.1	24.3
0 to 5 years	5,390	2,775	2,620	8.3	8.4	8.3
18 to 64 years	41,025	21,045	19,975	63.4	63.4	63.4
65 years and over	7,705	3,815	3,890	11.9	11.5	12.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,460	3,040	3,410	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,855	980	875	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	640	340	305	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,310	1,525	1,785	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,290	540	755	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.0	9.2	10.8	10.0	9.2	10.8
0 to 17 years (%)	11.6	11.8	11.4	11.6	11.8	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	11.9	12.2	11.6	11.9	12.2	11.6
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	7.2	9.0	8.1	7.2	9.0
65 years and over (%)	16.8	14.2	19.3	16.8	14.2	19.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	62,850	32,265	30,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,520	8,050	7,470	24.7	24.9	24.4
0 to 5 years	5,255	2,690	2,570	8.4	8.3	8.4
18 to 64 years	39,890	20,545	19,340	63.5	63.7	63.2
65 years and over	7,440	3,675	3,765	11.8	11.4	12.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,800	925	875	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	480	250	235	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	155	80	80	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,175	605	570	...	...	...
65 years and over	140	70	65	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
65 years and over (%)	1.9	2.0	1.9	1.9	2.0	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	64,720	33,205	31,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	28,140	13,750	14,385	43.5	41.4	45.6
In bottom decile	6,005	2,890	3,115	9.3	8.7	9.9
In second decile	5,275	2,505	2,775	8.2	7.5	8.8
In third decile	5,295	2,620	2,675	8.2	7.9	8.5
In fourth decile	5,620	2,770	2,855	8.7	8.3	9.1
In fifth decile	5,940	2,970	2,975	9.2	8.9	9.4
In top half of the distribution	36,585	19,455	17,130	56.5	58.6	54.4
In sixth decile	6,370	3,280	3,085	9.8	9.9	9.8
In seventh decile	7,190	3,745	3,450	11.1	11.3	10.9
In eighth decile	7,135	3,810	3,325	11.0	11.5	10.6
In ninth decile	8,055	4,295	3,755	12.4	12.9	11.9
In top decile	7,840	4,325	3,515	12.1	13.0	11.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	64,725	...	...	64,725	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.315	...	...	0.315	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.402	...	...	0.402	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	65,625	33,670	31,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	62,580	32,275	30,305	95.4	95.9	94.8
French only	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,585	1,185	1,400	3.9	3.5	4.4
Neither English nor French	445	205	240	0.7	0.6	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	65,625	33,670	31,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	64,640	33,165	31,470	98.5	98.5	98.5
French	510	285	225	0.8	0.8	0.7
English and French	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	415	190	225	0.6	0.6	0.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	65,625	33,670	31,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	64,035	32,885	31,150	97.6	97.7	97.5
Official languages	56,615	29,280	27,335	86.3	87.0	85.5
English	56,050	28,975	27,080	85.4	86.1	84.7
French	565	305	260	0.9	0.9	0.8
Non-official languages	7,425	3,605	3,820	11.3	10.7	12.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	385	180	205	0.6	0.5	0.6
Algonquian languages	170	85	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	210	90	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Northern Athabaskan languages	210	90	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dene, n.o.s.	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,040	3,430	3,610	10.7	10.2	11.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,410	585	830	2.1	1.7	2.6
Bikol	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,180	480	695	1.8	1.4	2.2
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	195	120	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	170	100	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,760	2,410	2,355	7.3	7.2	7.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,145	580	565	1.7	1.7	1.8
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,130	575	560	1.7	1.7	1.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	945	485	460	1.4	1.4	1.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,250	1,105	1,145	3.4	3.3	3.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,465	715	750	2.2	2.1	2.3
German	1,400	680	720	2.1	2.0	2.3
Pennsylvania German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	735	370	365	1.1	1.1	1.1
Afrikaans	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	485	245	240	0.7	0.7	0.8
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	975	545	430	1.5	1.6	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	945	535	415	1.4	1.6	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	630	350	275	1.0	1.0	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	380	175	205	0.6	0.5	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	225	90	130	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	225	100	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	225	100	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	110	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,590	780	805	2.4	2.3	2.5
English and French	220	100	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,145	575	570	1.7	1.7	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	190	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	65,625	33,670	31,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	57,725	29,780	27,945	88.0	88.4	87.5
French	95	55	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-official language	2,255	1,145	1,115	3.4	3.4	3.5
Indigenous³⁹	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,215	1,120	1,090	3.4	3.3	3.4
English and French	320	155	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	5,025	2,450	2,575	7.7	7.3	8.1
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	105	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	65,625	33,670	31,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	64,505	33,120	31,385	98.3	98.4	98.2
Official languages	60,205	30,930	29,275	91.7	91.9	91.6
English	60,070	30,860	29,205	91.5	91.7	91.4
French	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	4,300	2,185	2,110	6.6	6.5	6.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	95	55	50	0.1	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,200	2,135	2,065	6.4	6.3	6.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	785	370	415	1.2	1.1	1.3
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	695	320	365	1.1	1.0	1.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	145	85	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	135	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,955	1,530	1,425	4.5	4.5	4.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	825	435	385	1.3	1.3	1.2
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	815	435	380	1.2	1.3	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	780	410	365	1.2	1.2	1.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,255	620	630	1.9	1.8	2.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	805	390	405	1.2	1.2	1.3
German	785	385	400	1.2	1.1	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	455	225	225	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low Saxon	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Plautdietsch	330	165	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	715	385	325	1.1	1.1	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	695	385	310	1.1	1.1	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	510	275	230	0.8	0.8	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	165	80	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	110	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,120	555	565	1.7	1.6	1.8
English and French	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,030	505	520	1.6	1.5	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	65,625	33,670	31,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	61,035	31,450	29,585	93.0	93.4	92.6
English	1,720	865	855	2.6	2.6	2.7
French	250	115	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	2,060	970	1,090	3.1	2.9	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	220	100	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-Indigenous	1,840	870	970	2.8	2.6	3.0
English and French	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	265	145	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	245	105	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	64,725	33,205	31,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	64,415	33,060	31,355	99.5	99.6	99.5
English	64,405	33,060	31,350	99.5	99.6	99.5
French	2,605	1,165	1,440	4.0	3.5	4.6
Non-official languages	9,810	4,955	4,855	15.2	14.9	15.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	850	410	440	1.3	1.2	1.4
Algonquian languages	425	230	195	0.7	0.7	0.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	420	225	195	0.6	0.7	0.6
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	420	225	195	0.6	0.7	0.6
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	75	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	70	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	265	145	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	465	195	270	0.7	0.6	0.9
Northern Athabaskan languages	465	195	270	0.7	0.6	0.9
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	200	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dene, n.o.s.	90	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	100	20	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,970	4,545	4,430	13.9	13.7	14.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	125	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	110	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,890	790	1,100	2.9	2.4	3.5
Bikol	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	140	55	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	85	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,825	765	1,060	2.8	2.3	3.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	295	175	120	0.5	0.5	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	245	140	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tamil	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,775	3,130	2,640	8.9	9.4	8.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,280	725	560	2.0	2.2	1.8
Baltic languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,280	720	560	2.0	2.2	1.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	1,025	570	455	1.6	1.7	1.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	30	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	155	90	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,665	1,375	1,290	4.1	4.1	4.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,660	870	790	2.6	2.6	2.5
German	1,570	825	745	2.4	2.5	2.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	120	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	940	475	460	1.5	1.4	1.5
Afrikaans	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	700	355	345	1.1	1.1	1.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,300	765	535	2.0	2.3	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	1,275	750	525	2.0	2.3	1.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	595	325	260	0.9	1.0	0.8
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	935	550	385	1.4	1.7	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	830	445	385	1.3	1.3	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	150	85	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	600	310	295	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	190	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	200	70	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	275	145	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	260	145	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	150	85	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	165	90	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	100	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	64,720	33,205	31,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10,515	5,270	5,245	16.2	15.9	16.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10,245	5,135	5,105	15.8	15.5	16.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,020	2,965	3,055	9.3	8.9	9.7
Métis	4,075	2,090	1,985	6.3	6.3	6.3
Inuk (Inuit)	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	205	95	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	54,210	27,940	26,275	83.8	84.1	83.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	64,720	33,205	31,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,640	2,285	2,360	7.2	6.9	7.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	60,085	30,925	29,160	92.8	93.1	92.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	26,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	17,825	...	...	66.5	...	...
Renter	8,385	...	...	31.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	605	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	26,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,455	...	...	5.4	...	...
Not condominium	25,360	...	...	94.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	26,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	130	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	2,285	...	...	8.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,295	...	...	23.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,515	...	...	35.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,590	...	...	32.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	26,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,480	...	...	24.2	...	...
5 rooms	4,690	...	...	17.5	...	...
6 rooms	4,270	...	...	15.9	...	...
7 rooms	3,435	...	...	12.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,945	...	...	29.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	26,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	26,320	...	...	98.1	...	...
More than one person per room	500	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	26,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	25,835	...	...	96.3	...	...
Not suitable	985	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	26,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,635	...	...	9.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,110	...	...	34.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,760	...	...	14.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,640	...	...	13.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,655	...	...	6.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,235	...	...	8.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,360	...	...	8.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,425	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	26,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	24,570	...	...	91.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,250	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	26,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	14,980	...	...	55.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	10,910	...	...	40.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	925	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	26,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,435	...	...	5.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,305	...	...	19.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,360	...	...	20.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,570	...	...	17.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,100	...	...	19.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,220	...	...	12.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,385	...	...	5.2	...	...
85 years and over	440	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	25,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	21,335	...	...	85.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,765	...	...	15.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,350	...	...	13.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	26,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,485	...	...	24.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,365	...	...	12.5	...	...
Not suitable only	810	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,800	...	...	6.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	60	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	335	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	20,340	...	...	75.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	24,685	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,790	...	...	7.3	...	...
Not in core need	22,895	...	...	92.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,895	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.1	...	...	66.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.7	...	...	10.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370	...	...	1,370	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,410	...	...	1,410	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	320,000	...	...	320,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	351,600	...	...	351,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,280	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.4	...	...	9.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.8	...	...	23.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.5	...	...	13.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,137	...	...	1,137	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	605	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	16.5	...	...	16.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	376	...	...	376	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	482	...	...	482	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	64,725	33,205	31,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,705	2,320	2,385	7.3	7.0	7.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,510	2,240	2,275	7.0	6.7	7.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,610	1,760	1,850	5.6	5.3	5.9
Métis single ancestry	825	445	385	1.3	1.3	1.2
Inuit single ancestry	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	195	85	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	185	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,190	3,075	3,115	9.6	9.3	9.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,970	2,985	2,985	9.2	9.0	9.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,995	2,045	1,950	6.2	6.2	6.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,870	880	995	2.9	2.7	3.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	225	90	130	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	225	90	130	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	53,830	27,810	26,025	83.2	83.8	82.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	64,725	33,205	31,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	60,580	31,055	29,525	93.6	93.5	93.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,570	8,075	7,495	24.1	24.3	23.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	45,010	22,980	22,030	69.5	69.2	69.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,145	2,155	1,990	6.4	6.5	6.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	64,725	33,205	31,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	57,435	29,605	27,830	88.7	89.2	88.3
Immigrants⁸¹	6,025	2,865	3,160	9.3	8.6	10.0
Before 1980	1,160	565	595	1.8	1.7	1.9
1980 to 1990	400	150	245	0.6	0.5	0.8
1991 to 2000	650	320	330	1.0	1.0	1.0
2001 to 2010	975	410	570	1.5	1.2	1.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,840	1,420	1,415	4.4	4.3	4.5
2011 to 2015	1,190	540	655	1.8	1.6	2.1
2016 to 2021	1,645	885	760	2.5	2.7	2.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,265	735	530	2.0	2.2	1.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,020	2,865	3,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	605	275	335	10.0	9.6	10.6
5 to 14 years	1,230	675	550	20.4	23.6	17.4
15 to 24 years	1,010	490	515	16.8	17.1	16.3
25 to 44 years	2,725	1,190	1,535	45.3	41.5	48.7
45 years and over	455	230	230	7.6	8.0	7.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,020	2,865	3,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,160	510	655	19.3	17.8	20.8
Brazil	35	15	25	0.6	0.5	0.8
Colombia	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
El Salvador	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	120	65	55	2.0	2.3	1.7
Mexico	75	25	45	1.2	0.9	1.4
Peru	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	815	360	460	13.5	12.6	14.6
Other places of birth in Americas	80	25	50	1.3	0.9	1.6
Europe	1,545	785	760	25.7	27.4	24.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Germany	435	195	240	7.2	6.8	7.6
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	15	10	0.3	0.5	0.3
Italy	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	40	20	20	0.7	0.7	0.6
Poland	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portugal	25	10	10	0.4	0.3	0.3
Romania	20	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Russian Federation	165	60	105	2.7	2.1	3.3
Serbia⁸⁶	15	15	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Ukraine	65	40	30	1.1	1.4	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	425	230	195	7.1	8.0	6.2
Other places of birth in Europe	285	160	120	4.7	5.6	3.8
Africa	360	180	175	6.0	6.3	5.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	15	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Morocco	25	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.3
Nigeria	155	75	80	2.6	2.6	2.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	85	50	40	1.4	1.7	1.3
Other places of birth in Africa	55	25	30	0.9	0.9	1.0
Asia	2,860	1,330	1,535	47.5	46.4	48.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	125	60	65	2.1	2.1	2.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	105	45	60	1.7	1.6	1.9
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,625	680	940	27.0	23.7	29.8
Viet Nam	35	10	20	0.6	0.3	0.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	575	320	250	9.6	11.2	7.9
Pakistan	75	40	35	1.2	1.4	1.1
Sri Lanka	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	235	115	125	3.9	4.0	4.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	95	60	35	1.6	2.1	1.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,645	880	760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	225	125	95	13.7	14.2	12.5
Brazil	15	10	10	0.9	1.1	1.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	75	55	20	4.6	6.3	2.6
Mexico	20	0	20	1.2	0.0	2.6
United States of America	95	50	50	5.8	5.7	6.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	15	0	0.9	1.7	0.0
Europe	135	90	45	8.2	10.2	5.9
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	10	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	10	1.5	1.7	1.3
Ukraine	45	25	20	2.7	2.8	2.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	0.9	1.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	25	10	2.1	2.8	1.3
Africa	85	35	50	5.2	4.0	6.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	55	25	30	3.3	2.8	3.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	0	20	1.5	0.0	2.6
Asia	1,175	610	565	71.4	69.3	74.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	0	20	1.5	0.0	2.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	360	220	145	21.9	25.0	19.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.3
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	15	2.4	2.3	2.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	670	330	345	40.7	37.5	45.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	15	25	2.4	1.7	3.3
Oceania and other⁹³	25	20	0	1.5	2.3	0.0
Australia	20	15	0	1.2	1.7	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	64,725	33,205	31,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,700	3,860	3,840	11.9	11.6	12.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,640	4,375	4,270	13.3	13.2	13.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	48,385	24,970	23,415	74.8	75.2	74.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,865	2,300	2,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,325	1,695	1,630	68.3	73.7	63.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,410	830	580	29.0	36.1	22.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,915	865	1,045	39.4	37.6	40.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,375	500	870	28.3	21.7	33.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	120	70	45	2.5	3.0	1.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	45	25	20	0.9	1.1	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,865	2,300	2,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50	40	10	1.0	1.7	0.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,175	490	680	24.2	21.3	26.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	170	105	60	3.5	4.6	2.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	425	280	145	8.7	12.2	5.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	0	20	0.5	0.0	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,030	1,380	1,645	62.3	60.0	64.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	64,720	33,205	31,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,210	3,030	3,180	9.6	9.1	10.1
South Asian	1,665	980	690	2.6	3.0	2.2
Chinese	380	200	180	0.6	0.6	0.6
Black	730	365	365	1.1	1.1	1.2
Filipino	2,225	910	1,315	3.4	2.7	4.2
Arab	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	210	115	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southeast Asian	295	105	200	0.5	0.3	0.6
West Asian	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	215	105	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Japanese	105	70	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	210	105	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	58,515	30,175	28,340	90.4	90.9	89.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	64,725	33,205	31,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	10,605	5,705	4,895	16.4	17.2	15.5
English	14,115	7,000	7,115	21.8	21.1	22.6
Irish	10,715	4,965	5,750	16.6	15.0	18.2
Scottish	12,075	5,940	6,135	18.7	17.9	19.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,340	3,125	3,215	9.8	9.4	10.2
German	11,880	6,140	5,740	18.4	18.5	18.2
Chinese	640	340	300	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italian	1,325	615	710	2.0	1.9	2.3
Indian (India)	1,060	625	440	1.6	1.9	1.4
Ukrainian	3,405	1,725	1,675	5.3	5.2	5.3
Dutch	2,630	1,340	1,290	4.1	4.0	4.1
Polish	1,540	775	765	2.4	2.3	2.4
Québécois	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,995	1,090	910	3.1	3.3	2.9
Filipino	2,150	890	1,260	3.3	2.7	4.0
French Canadian	720	355	365	1.1	1.1	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,900	930	975	2.9	2.8	3.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,930	1,480	1,450	4.5	4.5	4.6
Métis	3,115	1,495	1,615	4.8	4.5	5.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,475	760	715	2.3	2.3	2.3
Russian	2,280	1,260	1,025	3.5	3.8	3.3
Norwegian	3,590	1,785	1,800	5.5	5.4	5.7
Welsh	1,505	760	745	2.3	2.3	2.4
Portuguese	255	110	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
American	1,685	855	830	2.6	2.6	2.6
Spanish	310	150	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swedish	2,030	960	1,070	3.1	2.9	3.4
Hungarian	605	270	335	0.9	0.8	1.1
Acadian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	85	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	210	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	190	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	265	170	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
Vietnamese	95	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Greek	180	110	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	170	95	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	310	150	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	2,145	1,055	1,095	3.3	3.2	3.5
Korean	180	95	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	365	165	200	0.6	0.5	0.6
Lebanese	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	305	155	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Danish	700	295	400	1.1	0.9	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	890	460	430	1.4	1.4	1.4
Sikh	180	135	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Austrian	465	270	195	0.7	0.8	0.6
Belgian	200	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	185	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	1,015	515	495	1.6	1.6	1.6
Swiss	585	305	280	0.9	0.9	0.9
Finnish	345	135	205	0.5	0.4	0.7
Sri Lankan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	180	95	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	170	90	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	165	80	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	805	375	430	1.2	1.1	1.4
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	420	250	170	0.6	0.8	0.5
Colombian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	350	195	150	0.5	0.6	0.5
Syrian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	130	90	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Newfoundlander	190	115	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	135	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	50	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	140	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australian	125	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	200	80	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bulgarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	460	250	210	0.7	0.8	0.7
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	120	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	40	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	310	150	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	95	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	125	85	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	64,720	33,205	31,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	130	50	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian	25,635	12,230	13,410	39.6	36.8	42.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,865	4,325	4,540	13.7	13.0	14.4
Anabaptist	1,130	605	525	1.7	1.8	1.7
Anglican	1,410	590	825	2.2	1.8	2.6
Baptist	765	340	420	1.2	1.0	1.3
Catholic	7,025	3,485	3,540	10.9	10.5	11.2
Christian Orthodox	125	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	470	210	260	0.7	0.6	0.8
Latter Day Saints	220	85	130	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lutheran	820	390	435	1.3	1.2	1.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	170	80	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,085	490	595	1.7	1.5	1.9
Presbyterian	290	110	170	0.4	0.3	0.5
Reformed	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	1,430	610	820	2.2	1.8	2.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,820	835	985	2.8	2.5	3.1
Hindu	375	200	180	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jewish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	320	170	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	735	445	290	1.1	1.3	0.9
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	305	155	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	615	235	380	1.0	0.7	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	36,575	19,710	16,865	56.5	59.4	53.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	63,870	32,740	31,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	54,635	28,110	26,520	85.5	85.9	85.2
Movers	9,240	4,630	4,610	14.5	14.1	14.8
Non-migrants	5,965	2,970	2,995	9.3	9.1	9.6
Migrants	3,270	1,660	1,615	5.1	5.1	5.2
Internal migrants	2,950	1,515	1,435	4.6	4.6	4.6
Intraprovincial migrants	1,785	935	845	2.8	2.9	2.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,170	580	585	1.8	1.8	1.9
External migrants	325	140	180	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	60,275	30,895	29,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	34,590	17,760	16,835	57.4	57.5	57.3
Movers	25,685	13,135	12,545	42.6	42.5	42.7
Non-migrants	10,420	5,340	5,075	17.3	17.3	17.3
Migrants	15,260	7,795	7,470	25.3	25.2	25.4
Internal migrants	13,295	6,755	6,540	22.1	21.9	22.3
Intraprovincial migrants	9,320	4,670	4,650	15.5	15.1	15.8
Interprovincial migrants	3,975	2,085	1,890	6.6	6.7	6.4
External migrants	1,970	1,040	935	3.3	3.4	3.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,140	26,130	25,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,700	7,160	5,545	24.8	27.4	22.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	38,435	18,970	19,465	75.2	72.6	77.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,630	18,055	17,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,755	3,935	2,820	19.0	21.8	16.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	28,875	14,115	14,755	81.0	78.2	84.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,135	26,125	25,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,300	6,235	5,060	22.1	23.9	20.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,180	8,250	8,930	33.6	31.6	35.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,655	11,645	11,015	44.3	44.6	44.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,285	9,205	7,080	31.8	35.2	28.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,740	5,465	1,270	13.2	20.9	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,315	1,525	790	4.5	5.8	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,425	3,940	480	8.7	15.1	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,385	3,360	5,020	16.4	12.9	20.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,170	380	790	2.3	1.5	3.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,370	2,435	3,940	12.5	9.3	15.8
Bachelor's degree	4,675	1,710	2,960	9.1	6.5	11.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	470	195	280	0.9	0.7	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	135	80	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Master's degree	995	400	595	1.9	1.5	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,625	18,055	17,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,840	3,325	2,520	16.4	18.4	14.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,640	5,565	6,080	32.7	30.8	34.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,145	9,175	8,970	50.9	50.8	51.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,620	7,155	5,460	35.4	39.6	31.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,220	4,280	940	14.7	23.7	5.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,795	1,210	580	5.0	6.7	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,425	3,065	355	9.6	17.0	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,540	2,610	3,930	18.4	14.5	22.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	860	260	600	2.4	1.4	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,525	2,015	3,505	15.5	11.2	19.9
Bachelor's degree	4,085	1,450	2,630	11.5	8.0	15.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	390	155	235	1.1	0.9	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	40	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	880	330	545	2.5	1.8	3.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	51,140	26,125	25,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,480	14,480	13,995	55.7	55.4	56.0
Education	1,620	250	1,370	3.2	1.0	5.5
13. Education	1,620	250	1,370	3.2	1.0	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	350	150	190	0.7	0.6	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	295	110	185	0.6	0.4	0.7
Humanities	800	320	480	1.6	1.2	1.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	125	25	100	0.2	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	240	95	140	0.5	0.4	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	15	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	110	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	85	60	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,485	430	1,060	2.9	1.6	4.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	105	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	410	35	375	0.8	0.1	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	160	50	115	0.3	0.2	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	310	55	255	0.6	0.2	1.0
45. Social sciences	435	240	190	0.9	0.9	0.8
Business, management and public administration	3,985	1,140	2,850	7.8	4.4	11.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	470	75	395	0.9	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,510	1,065	2,445	6.9	4.1	9.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	545	270	280	1.1	1.0	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	205	60	140	0.4	0.2	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	70	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	165	105	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	350	190	160	0.7	0.7	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	275	160	110	0.5	0.6	0.4
25. Library science	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,820	7,125	695	15.3	27.3	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	560	425	135	1.1	1.6	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,830	1,620	210	3.6	6.2	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,905	1,845	65	3.7	7.1	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,420	2,260	165	4.7	8.7	0.7
48. Precision production	1,035	950	80	2.0	3.6	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,115	660	455	2.2	2.5	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	460	235	220	0.9	0.9	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	655	420	235	1.3	1.6	0.9
Health and related fields	3,075	420	2,660	6.0	1.6	10.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	170	70	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,865	335	2,530	5.6	1.3	10.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,500	695	805	2.9	2.7	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	890	185	705	1.7	0.7	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	135	80	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	475	425	45	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	35,630	18,055	17,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,485	8,885	8,600	49.1	49.2	48.9
Education	1,255	175	1,080	3.5	1.0	6.1
13. Education	1,255	175	1,080	3.5	1.0	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	290	135	160	0.8	0.7	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	255	100	155	0.7	0.6	0.9
Humanities	615	225	390	1.7	1.2	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	95	10	80	0.3	0.1	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	170	40	125	0.5	0.2	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	10	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	150	95	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	80	50	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,235	330	905	3.5	1.8	5.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	75	30	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	325	25	300	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	140	25	115	0.4	0.1	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	250	30	220	0.7	0.2	1.3
45. Social sciences	380	225	155	1.1	1.2	0.9
Business, management and public administration	3,250	875	2,375	9.1	4.8	13.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	385	60	320	1.1	0.3	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,860	810	2,045	8.0	4.5	11.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	455	210	250	1.3	1.2	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	185	60	125	0.5	0.3	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	60	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	130	80	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	300	165	135	0.8	0.9	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	245	150	105	0.7	0.8	0.6
25. Library science	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,255	5,655	600	17.6	31.3	3.4
04. Architecture and related services	50	10	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	505	380	125	1.4	2.1	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,510	1,330	180	4.2	7.4	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,510	1,465	45	4.2	8.1	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,875	1,740	140	5.3	9.6	0.8
48. Precision production	800	730	70	2.2	4.0	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	860	480	380	2.4	2.7	2.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	295	125	170	0.8	0.7	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	570	355	210	1.6	2.0	1.2
Health and related fields	2,420	335	2,085	6.8	1.9	11.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	125	50	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,265	275	1,990	6.4	1.5	11.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,190	590	605	3.3	3.3	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	690	160	530	1.9	0.9	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	105	70	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	400	360	35	1.1	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	35,630	18,055	17,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,485	8,885	8,600	49.1	49.2	48.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	18,140	9,170	8,970	50.9	50.8	51.1
Location of study inside Canada	15,480	8,065	7,420	43.4	44.7	42.2
Same as province or territory of residence	10,535	5,670	4,865	29.6	31.4	27.7
Different than province or territory of residence	4,945	2,390	2,560	13.9	13.2	14.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,660	1,105	1,555	7.5	6.1	8.9
Americas	475	170	315	1.3	0.9	1.8
United States of America	360	130	230	1.0	0.7	1.3
Mexico	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	415	210	200	1.2	1.2	1.1
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	140	75	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	75	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Africa	175	70	105	0.5	0.4	0.6
Nigeria	85	30	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	60	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,535	630	905	4.3	3.5	5.2
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	65	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	910	335	570	2.6	1.9	3.2
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	405	195	210	1.1	1.1	1.2
Pakistan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	65	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	51,135	26,125	25,010	...	...	...
In the labour force	35,995	19,845	16,145	...	...	...
Employed	32,780	17,930	14,845	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,210	1,915	1,295	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	15,150	6,280	8,865	...	...	...
Participation rate	70.4	76.0	64.6	70.4	76.0	64.6
Employment rate	64.1	68.6	59.4	64.1	68.6	59.4
Unemployment rate	8.9	9.6	8.0	8.9	9.6	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	51,140	26,125	25,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	15,015	6,290	8,725	29.4	24.1	34.9
Worked	36,125	19,835	16,290	70.6	75.9	65.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	18,340	10,650	7,685	35.9	40.8	30.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	17,790	9,190	8,600	34.8	35.2	34.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.9	40.4	41.2	41.9	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	35,990	19,845	16,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	590	300	295	1.6	1.5	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	35,400	19,550	15,855	98.4	98.5	98.2
Employee	29,945	16,115	13,830	83.2	81.2	85.7
Permanent position	25,400	13,855	11,545	70.6	69.8	71.5
Temporary position	4,545	2,260	2,285	12.6	11.4	14.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,450	660	785	4.0	3.3	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,100	1,595	1,505	8.6	8.0	9.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,455	3,430	2,025	15.2	17.3	12.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	35,990	19,845	16,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	590	300	295	1.6	1.5	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	35,400	19,550	15,855	98.4	98.5	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	230	135	95	0.6	0.7	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,885	925	3,960	13.6	4.7	24.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,880	1,430	445	5.2	7.2	2.8
3 Health occupations	1,770	270	1,500	4.9	1.4	9.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,820	1,000	2,820	10.6	5.0	17.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	550	185	360	1.5	0.9	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	8,185	3,140	5,040	22.7	15.8	31.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,155	8,290	865	25.4	41.8	5.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,925	2,395	530	8.1	12.1	3.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,000	1,770	235	5.6	8.9	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	35,990	19,845	16,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	590	300	295	1.6	1.5	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	35,400	19,550	15,855	98.4	98.5	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,810	1,250	560	5.0	6.3	3.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,005	3,325	685	11.1	16.8	4.2
22 Utilities	525	440	90	1.5	2.2	0.6
23 Construction	4,045	3,325	710	11.2	16.8	4.4
31-33 Manufacturing	1,540	1,190	350	4.3	6.0	2.2
41 Wholesale trade	975	670	305	2.7	3.4	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	3,765	1,810	1,950	10.5	9.1	12.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,225	1,620	605	6.2	8.2	3.7
51 Information and cultural industries	265	125	135	0.7	0.6	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	545	110	435	1.5	0.6	2.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	575	310	270	1.6	1.6	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,660	825	835	4.6	4.2	5.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,260	570	695	3.5	2.9	4.3
61 Educational services	2,385	505	1,885	6.6	2.5	11.7
62 Health care and social assistance	3,020	405	2,620	8.4	2.0	16.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	550	185	365	1.5	0.9	2.3
72 Accommodation and food services	2,445	955	1,485	6.8	4.8	9.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,785	1,010	775	5.0	5.1	4.8
91 Public administration	1,990	905	1,085	5.5	4.6	6.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	39,005	21,265	17,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	38,255	20,860	17,395	98.1	98.1	98.1
French	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	145	80	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	145	80	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	120	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	455	255	200	1.2	1.2	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	39,005	21,265	17,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	38,940	21,225	17,715	99.8	99.8	99.9
Official languages	38,690	21,080	17,605	99.2	99.1	99.2
English	38,635	21,060	17,575	99.1	99.0	99.1
French	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	260	145	110	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	260	145	110	0.7	0.7	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	210	130	85	0.5	0.6	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	195	115	80	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	95	60	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
German	95	60	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	105	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	105	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	65	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	39,005	21,265	17,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	38,490	20,990	17,500	98.7	98.7	98.6
English	125	70	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
French	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	280	150	125	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	230	130	100	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	32,780	17,930	14,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,705	1,510	2,195	11.3	8.4	14.8
Worked outside Canada	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	6,920	5,485	1,440	21.1	30.6	9.7
Usual place of work	22,145	10,925	11,215	67.6	60.9	75.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	22,140	10,925	11,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	14,755	6,905	7,845	66.6	63.2	69.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,895	3,200	2,685	26.6	29.3	23.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,290	680	610	5.8	6.2	5.4
Commute to a different province or territory	210	135	75	0.9	1.2	0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	29,065	16,405	12,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	26,625	15,305	11,325	91.6	93.3	89.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	24,595	14,275	10,325	84.6	87.0	81.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,030	1,035	1,000	7.0	6.3	7.9
Public transit	335	185	150	1.2	1.1	1.2
Walked	1,605	675	925	5.5	4.1	7.3
Bicycle	105	75	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
Other method	395	165	230	1.4	1.0	1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	29,065	16,405	12,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	16,695	8,185	8,510	57.4	49.9	67.3
15 to 29 minutes	6,455	3,685	2,765	22.2	22.5	21.9
30 to 44 minutes	2,530	1,715	810	8.7	10.5	6.4
45 to 59 minutes	905	670	235	3.1	4.1	1.9
60 minutes and over	2,485	2,150	335	8.5	13.1	2.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	29,065	16,405	12,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,485	1,960	525	8.5	11.9	4.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,015	4,500	1,510	20.7	27.4	11.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,800	4,435	3,365	26.8	27.0	26.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,155	2,260	3,895	21.2	13.8	30.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,690	930	1,755	9.3	5.7	13.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,920	2,320	1,600	13.5	14.1	12.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,295	8,495	7,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	895	445	450	5.5	5.2	5.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,400	8,050	7,350	94.5	94.8	94.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,530	6,045	5,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	655	320	330	5.7	5.3	6.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	330	160	170	2.9	2.6	3.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	320	165	160	2.8	2.7	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,875	5,720	5,155	94.3	94.6	94.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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