Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	NechakoMore information: British Columbia [Economic region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	38,420	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	38,636	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.6	...	...	- 0.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	18,285	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	15,785	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.2	...	...	0.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	191,611.98	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	38,420	19,710	18,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7,175	3,740	3,430	18.7	19.0	18.3
0 to 4 years	2,235	1,225	1,015	5.8	6.2	5.4
5 to 9 years	2,350	1,185	1,165	6.1	6.0	6.2
10 to 14 years	2,585	1,335	1,250	6.7	6.8	6.7
15 to 64 years	24,190	12,360	11,825	63.0	62.7	63.2
15 to 19 years	2,255	1,170	1,090	5.9	5.9	5.8
20 to 24 years	1,875	1,040	830	4.9	5.3	4.4
25 to 29 years	2,095	1,090	1,005	5.5	5.5	5.4
30 to 34 years	2,350	1,165	1,185	6.1	5.9	6.3
35 to 39 years	2,505	1,255	1,245	6.5	6.4	6.7
40 to 44 years	2,265	1,135	1,125	5.9	5.8	6.0
45 to 49 years	2,370	1,200	1,170	6.2	6.1	6.3
50 to 54 years	2,470	1,215	1,250	6.4	6.2	6.7
55 to 59 years	2,985	1,545	1,440	7.8	7.8	7.7
60 to 64 years	3,030	1,540	1,490	7.9	7.8	8.0
65 years and over	7,060	3,605	3,450	18.4	18.3	18.4
65 to 69 years	2,630	1,385	1,250	6.8	7.0	6.7
70 to 74 years	1,845	970	875	4.8	4.9	4.7
75 to 79 years	1,235	600	640	3.2	3.0	3.4
80 to 84 years	750	375	375	2.0	1.9	2.0
85 years and over	595	280	315	1.5	1.4	1.7
85 to 89 years	385	185	205	1.0	0.9	1.1
90 to 94 years	165	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
95 to 99 years	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.7	19.0	18.3	18.7	19.0	18.3
15 to 64 years	63.0	62.7	63.2	63.0	62.7	63.2
65 years and over	18.4	18.3	18.4	18.4	18.3	18.4
85 years and over	1.5	1.4	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.7
Average age of the population	41.3	41.0	41.6	41.3	41.0	41.6
Median age of the population	42.0	41.6	42.4	42.0	41.6	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	15,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	12,150	...	...	77.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	335	...	...	2.1	...	...
Row house	620	...	...	3.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	200	...	...	1.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,000	...	...	6.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,440	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	15,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	4,500	...	...	28.5	...	...
2 persons	5,970	...	...	37.8	...	...
3 persons	2,100	...	...	13.3	...	...
4 persons	1,800	...	...	11.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,415	...	...	9.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	37,985	19,490	18,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	31,245	15,965	15,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	19,005	9,515	9,485	60.8	59.6	62.1
Married	14,900	7,475	7,425	47.7	46.8	48.6
Living common-law	4,105	2,040	2,065	13.1	12.8	13.5
Living common law - Never married	2,985	1,510	1,475	9.6	9.5	9.7
Living common law - Separated	240	115	130	0.8	0.7	0.9
Living common law - Divorced	765	375	385	2.4	2.3	2.5
Living common law - Widowed	110	40	70	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	12,245	6,450	5,790	39.2	40.4	37.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,945	4,715	3,235	25.4	29.5	21.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	885	435	455	2.8	2.7	3.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,765	895	870	5.6	5.6	5.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,640	405	1,230	5.2	2.5	8.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	10,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	6,190	...	...	56.3	...	...
3 persons	1,985	...	...	18.1	...	...
4 persons	1,725	...	...	15.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,095	...	...	10.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	10,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	9,340	...	...	85.0	...	...
Married couples	7,290	...	...	66.3	...	...
With children⁶	3,280	...	...	29.8	...	...
Without children	4,005	...	...	36.4	...	...
Common-law couples	2,055	...	...	18.7	...	...
With children⁶	870	...	...	7.9	...	...
Without children	1,180	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,655	...	...	15.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,200	...	...	10.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	455	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	37,985	19,490	18,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	31,340	15,765	15,565	82.5	80.9	84.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	18,680	9,315	9,365	49.2	47.8	50.6
Parents in one-parent families	1,650	450	1,200	4.3	2.3	6.5
Children⁶	11,005	6,000	5,000	29.0	30.8	27.0
In a two-parent family	8,385	4,510	3,875	22.1	23.1	21.0
In a one-parent family	2,615	1,495	1,125	6.9	7.7	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,645	3,720	2,925	17.5	19.1	15.8
Living alone	4,500	2,515	1,980	11.8	12.9	10.7
Living with other relatives⁷	980	515	465	2.6	2.6	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	1,165	690	475	3.1	3.5	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	15,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	9,820	...	...	62.2	...	...
Couple-family households	8,545	...	...	54.1	...	...
With children⁶	3,775	...	...	23.9	...	...
Without children	4,775	...	...	30.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,265	...	...	8.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	325	...	...	2.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	90	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	495	...	...	3.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	560	...	...	3.5	...	...
One-person households	4,500	...	...	28.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	30,820	15,750	15,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,945	15,335	14,610	97.2	97.4	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	53,200	34,000	41,600	53,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,955	15,340	14,615	97.2	97.4	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	47,600	32,000	38,400	47,600	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,420	13,935	12,485	85.7	88.5	82.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	50,800	26,400	36,400	50,800	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,040	11,885	10,160	71.5	75.5	67.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	55,200	28,200	39,600	55,200	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,655	12,105	12,550	80.0	76.9	83.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,300	9,300	11,200	10,300	9,300	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,700	2,085	1,615	12.0	13.2	10.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,160	4,960	5,480	5,160	4,960	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,700	4,110	3,595	25.0	26.1	23.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,000	8,000	7,500	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	30,795	15,735	15,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,925	15,355	14,575	97.2	97.6	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,160	61,100	40,680	51,160	61,100	40,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,950	15,365	14,585	97.3	97.6	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,200	51,700	36,320	44,200	51,700	36,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,335	13,920	12,410	85.5	88.5	82.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,320	57,750	35,600	47,320	57,750	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,025	11,865	10,165	71.5	75.4	67.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,040	58,900	35,360	48,040	58,900	35,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,540	12,070	12,470	79.7	76.7	82.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,590	11,060	12,100	11,590	11,060	12,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,535	1,995	1,540	11.5	12.7	10.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,325	6,045	6,680	6,325	6,045	6,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,580	4,070	3,510	24.6	25.9	23.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,180	7,830	8,590	8,180	7,830	8,590
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	30,795	15,735	15,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,235	5,415	3,825	30.0	34.4	25.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	75,500	52,800	66,500	75,500	52,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,900	79,500	58,650	70,900	79,500	58,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,565	4,855	4,710	31.1	30.9	31.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	36,800	17,000	24,400	36,800	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,000	46,440	23,160	35,000	46,440	23,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.4	85.8	74.6	81.4	85.8	74.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.2	74.6	60.6	69.2	74.6	60.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.6	14.2	25.4	18.6	14.2	25.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.2	6.8	5.2	4.2	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.4	5.1	4.1	3.4	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	30,815	15,745	15,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	875	410	465	2.8	2.6	3.1
With total income	29,940	15,340	14,605	97.2	97.4	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,960	1,165	1,800	9.9	7.6	12.3
$10,000 to $19,999	3,425	1,315	2,110	11.4	8.6	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	4,430	1,915	2,515	14.8	12.5	17.2
$30,000 to $39,999	3,620	1,565	2,055	12.1	10.2	14.1
$40,000 to $49,999	3,075	1,315	1,760	10.3	8.6	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	2,440	1,140	1,305	8.1	7.4	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	2,150	1,260	895	7.2	8.2	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	1,815	1,180	635	6.1	7.7	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,515	1,070	445	5.1	7.0	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,240	905	340	4.1	5.9	2.3
$100,000 and over	3,275	2,520	750	10.9	16.4	5.1
$100,000 to $149,999	2,565	1,985	580	8.6	12.9	4.0
$150,000 and over	705	540	170	2.4	3.5	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	30,815	15,745	15,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	860	405	460	2.8	2.6	3.1
With after-tax income	29,955	15,345	14,615	97.2	97.5	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,030	1,185	1,845	10.1	7.7	12.6
$10,000 to $19,999	3,535	1,365	2,170	11.8	8.9	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	4,935	2,135	2,795	16.5	13.9	19.1
$30,000 to $39,999	4,120	1,785	2,340	13.8	11.6	16.0
$40,000 to $49,999	3,380	1,530	1,850	11.3	10.0	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	2,910	1,600	1,305	9.7	10.4	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	2,415	1,555	855	8.1	10.1	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,880	1,375	500	6.3	9.0	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,375	1,025	355	4.6	6.7	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	940	720	220	3.1	4.7	1.5
$100,000 and over	1,430	1,065	360	4.8	6.9	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	860	640	220	2.9	4.2	1.5
$125,000 and over	570	425	145	1.9	2.8	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	30,815	15,745	15,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	8,775	3,865	4,910	28.5	24.5	32.6
With employment income	22,045	11,885	10,160	71.5	75.5	67.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,080	1,380	1,705	14.0	11.6	16.8
$5,000 to $9,999	1,585	660	925	7.2	5.6	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	2,415	990	1,430	11.0	8.3	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	2,160	910	1,245	9.8	7.7	12.3
$30,000 to $39,999	1,845	785	1,060	8.4	6.6	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	1,760	795	965	8.0	6.7	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,570	835	735	7.1	7.0	7.2
$60,000 to $69,999	1,630	995	635	7.4	8.4	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,375	985	390	6.2	8.3	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,215	900	320	5.5	7.6	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,010	735	270	4.6	6.2	2.7
$100,000 and over	2,400	1,920	475	10.9	16.2	4.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,400	1,115	285	6.4	9.4	2.8
$125,000 and over	1,000	810	190	4.5	6.8	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	30,820	15,750	15,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,165	14,940	14,225	94.6	94.9	94.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	52,000	30,600	38,800	52,000	30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,260	14,955	14,305	94.9	95.0	94.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	45,600	28,400	35,600	45,600	28,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,155	13,755	12,405	84.9	87.3	82.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	50,000	26,800	36,000	50,000	26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,550	12,075	10,475	73.2	76.7	69.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	53,200	27,200	37,200	53,200	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,080	9,150	10,925	65.2	58.1	72.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,300	8,500	8,200	8,300	8,500	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,665	2,090	1,575	11.9	13.3	10.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360	5,400	5,360	5,360	5,400	5,360
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	30,795	15,735	15,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,130	14,965	14,165	94.6	95.1	94.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,960	59,200	38,160	48,960	59,200	38,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,215	14,990	14,225	94.9	95.3	94.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,560	49,360	33,400	41,560	49,360	33,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,025	13,700	12,325	84.5	87.1	81.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,280	58,000	35,360	47,280	58,000	35,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,435	12,070	10,360	72.9	76.7	68.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,520	57,500	33,720	46,520	57,500	33,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,105	9,180	10,925	65.3	58.3	72.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,700	9,870	9,560	9,700	9,870	9,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,530	1,965	1,560	11.5	12.5	10.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,030	7,060	6,980	7,030	7,060	6,980
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	30,795	15,735	15,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,170	5,370	3,800	29.8	34.1	25.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	74,000	47,200	62,400	74,000	47,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,000	76,600	53,300	67,000	76,600	53,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,985	4,610	4,370	29.2	29.3	29.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,800	40,000	20,800	27,800	40,000	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,800	49,360	25,600	37,800	49,360	25,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.4	89.8	80.6	86.4	89.8	80.6
Employment income (%)	73.2	78.4	64.8	73.2	78.4	64.8
Government transfers (%)	13.7	10.2	19.3	13.7	10.2	19.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.6	2.0	1.7	1.6	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	15,785	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,500	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	11,285	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	15,770	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,050	...	...	52,050	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,080	...	...	45,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	11,255	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,100	...	...	115,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,500	...	...	99,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	15,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	185	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	165	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	290	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	700	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	515	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	495	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	575	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	630	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	590	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,110	...	...	7.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,100	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,010	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	975	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	945	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,415	...	...	40.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,030	...	...	12.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,580	...	...	10.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,730	...	...	11.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,070	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	15,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	200	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	165	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	305	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	735	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	575	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	545	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	675	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	705	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	645	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,345	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,305	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,205	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,120	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,055	...	...	6.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,120	...	...	32.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,125	...	...	13.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,385	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,615	...	...	10.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	10,920	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,855	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,185	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,520	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,665	3,205	2,460	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	45,600	37,600	41,600	45,600	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	41,600	34,800	38,000	41,600	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	10,920	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,300	...	...	114,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,800	...	...	98,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,890	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,100	...	...	89,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,600	...	...	139,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,200	...	...	120,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,100	...	...	75,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,700	...	...	68,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,560	3,130	2,430	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,680	55,300	44,680	50,680	55,300	44,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,960	47,240	39,760	43,960	47,240	39,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	37,980	19,490	18,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,570	4,460	4,105	22.6	22.9	22.2
0 to 5 years	2,685	1,465	1,225	7.1	7.5	6.6
18 to 64 years	22,615	11,540	11,080	59.5	59.2	59.9
65 years and over	6,800	3,495	3,310	17.9	17.9	17.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,470	2,195	2,275	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,130	570	565	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	400	210	190	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,225	1,105	1,120	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,115	520	595	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.8	11.3	12.3	11.8	11.3	12.3
0 to 17 years (%)	13.2	12.8	13.7	13.2	12.8	13.7
0 to 5 years (%)	14.8	14.3	15.4	14.8	14.3	15.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.8	9.6	10.1	9.8	9.6	10.1
65 years and over (%)	16.4	14.9	18.0	16.4	14.9	18.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	34,615	17,730	16,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,745	4,050	3,690	22.4	22.8	21.9
0 to 5 years	2,440	1,325	1,110	7.0	7.5	6.6
18 to 64 years	20,490	10,395	10,095	59.2	58.6	59.8
65 years and over	6,380	3,280	3,105	18.4	18.5	18.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	835	430	410	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	155	70	80	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	45	25	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	585	310	270	...	...	...
65 years and over	100	45	55	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.0	1.8	2.2	2.0	1.8	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	2.0	1.6	1.8	2.0	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	2.8	3.0	2.7	2.8	3.0	2.7
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.4	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	37,985	19,485	18,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	18,955	9,450	9,505	49.9	48.5	51.4
In bottom decile	3,905	1,905	2,000	10.3	9.8	10.8
In second decile	3,705	1,815	1,890	9.8	9.3	10.2
In third decile	3,650	1,855	1,795	9.6	9.5	9.7
In fourth decile	3,980	1,980	2,000	10.5	10.2	10.8
In fifth decile	3,715	1,895	1,820	9.8	9.7	9.8
In top half of the distribution	19,030	10,040	8,985	50.1	51.5	48.6
In sixth decile	3,825	1,970	1,855	10.1	10.1	10.0
In seventh decile	3,985	2,090	1,890	10.5	10.7	10.2
In eighth decile	4,200	2,235	1,970	11.1	11.5	10.7
In ninth decile	3,940	2,095	1,845	10.4	10.8	10.0
In top decile	3,080	1,650	1,430	8.1	8.5	7.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	37,985	...	...	37,985	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.307	...	...	0.307	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.418	...	...	0.418	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.278	...	...	0.278	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	38,235	19,630	18,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	36,520	18,830	17,685	95.5	95.9	95.1
French only	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	1,650	770	875	4.3	3.9	4.7
Neither English nor French	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	38,235	19,630	18,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	37,800	19,410	18,390	98.9	98.9	98.9
French	350	185	165	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	38,235	19,630	18,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	37,440	19,225	18,210	97.9	97.9	97.9
Official languages	34,410	17,750	16,660	90.0	90.4	89.6
English	34,035	17,555	16,475	89.0	89.4	88.6
French	380	200	180	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official languages	3,030	1,480	1,550	7.9	7.5	8.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	410	200	210	1.1	1.0	1.1
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	370	185	185	1.0	0.9	1.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	370	185	185	1.0	0.9	1.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	330	175	160	0.9	0.9	0.9
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nisga'a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,620	1,275	1,345	6.9	6.5	7.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	195	80	115	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	170	65	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,045	1,015	1,030	5.3	5.2	5.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	175	85	90	0.5	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	170	85	85	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,355	680	675	3.5	3.5	3.6
Frisian	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
High German languages	805	415	390	2.1	2.1	2.1
German	705	355	345	1.8	1.8	1.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	100	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	490	235	255	1.3	1.2	1.4
Afrikaans	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	285	125	155	0.7	0.6	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Plautdietsch	125	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	225	125	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	210	115	95	0.5	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	155	80	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	280	120	165	0.7	0.6	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	100	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	130	50	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	30	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	80	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	790	405	385	2.1	2.1	2.1
English and French	110	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	600	295	300	1.6	1.5	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	40	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	38,235	19,630	18,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	35,440	18,280	17,155	92.7	93.1	92.2
French	60	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Non-official language	430	220	215	1.1	1.1	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	375	195	185	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	185	100	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	2,050	970	1,075	5.4	4.9	5.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	38,235	19,630	18,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	37,800	19,415	18,385	98.9	98.9	98.8
Official languages	36,850	18,950	17,895	96.4	96.5	96.2
English	36,770	18,910	17,860	96.2	96.3	96.0
French	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	950	465	490	2.5	2.4	2.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	200	90	115	0.5	0.5	0.6
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	200	85	110	0.5	0.4	0.6
Northern Athabaskan languages	200	85	110	0.5	0.4	0.6
Dakelh (Carrier)	185	80	105	0.5	0.4	0.6
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	745	375	375	1.9	1.9	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	505	260	255	1.3	1.3	1.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	240	125	115	0.6	0.6	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	175	90	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
German	135	70	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dutch	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	160	85	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	160	85	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	430	220	215	1.1	1.1	1.2
English and French	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	390	195	195	1.0	1.0	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	38,230	19,630	18,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	36,320	18,730	17,595	95.0	95.4	94.6
English	485	225	260	1.3	1.1	1.4
French	145	80	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Non-official language	1,155	535	620	3.0	2.7	3.3
Indigenous³⁹	355	165	190	0.9	0.8	1.0
Non-Indigenous	800	365	430	2.1	1.9	2.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	37,960	19,475	18,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	37,910	19,440	18,470	99.9	99.8	99.9
English	37,890	19,425	18,470	99.8	99.7	99.9
French	1,670	795	870	4.4	4.1	4.7
Non-official languages	4,755	2,310	2,440	12.5	11.9	13.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,095	505	585	2.9	2.6	3.2
Algonquian languages	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	1,015	475	540	2.7	2.4	2.9
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,015	480	540	2.7	2.5	2.9
Dakelh (Carrier)	940	455	480	2.5	2.3	2.6
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	25	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kaska (Nahani)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tahltan	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nisga'a	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,670	1,810	1,865	9.7	9.3	10.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	295	95	200	0.8	0.5	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	265	85	180	0.7	0.4	1.0
Waray-Waray	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	75	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,920	1,470	1,450	7.7	7.5	7.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	275	160	115	0.7	0.8	0.6
Baltic languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	270	155	110	0.7	0.8	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	120	50	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,735	835	900	4.6	4.3	4.9
Frisian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
High German languages	1,010	495	520	2.7	2.5	2.8
German	930	465	465	2.4	2.4	2.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	130	65	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	690	325	370	1.8	1.7	2.0
Afrikaans	100	65	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dutch	320	120	200	0.8	0.6	1.1
Low German, n.o.s.	75	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	195	95	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	60	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swedish	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	330	215	115	0.9	1.1	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	320	210	110	0.8	1.1	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	145	105	35	0.4	0.5	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	165	90	0.7	0.8	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	690	320	370	1.8	1.6	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	140	65	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	485	230	260	1.3	1.2	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	50	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Chinese languages	65	50	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Estonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Finnish	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	37,955	19,470	18,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,695	3,895	3,800	20.3	20.0	20.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,460	3,780	3,680	19.7	19.4	19.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,330	3,245	3,085	16.7	16.7	16.7
Métis	1,095	530	570	2.9	2.7	3.1
Inuk (Inuit)	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	115	70	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	125	45	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-Indigenous identity	30,260	15,585	14,675	79.7	80.0	79.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	37,955	19,470	18,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,725	2,895	2,835	15.1	14.9	15.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	32,230	16,580	15,650	84.9	85.2	84.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	15,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	11,730	...	...	74.4	...	...
Renter	3,310	...	...	21.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	735	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	15,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	530	...	...	3.4	...	...
Not condominium	15,245	...	...	96.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	15,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	130	...	...	0.8	...	...
1 bedroom	1,605	...	...	10.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,835	...	...	24.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,385	...	...	34.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,810	...	...	30.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	15,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,690	...	...	23.4	...	...
5 rooms	2,650	...	...	16.8	...	...
6 rooms	2,390	...	...	15.2	...	...
7 rooms	2,270	...	...	14.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,770	...	...	30.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	15,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	15,545	...	...	98.6	...	...
More than one person per room	225	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	15,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	15,180	...	...	96.3	...	...
Not suitable	595	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	15,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,440	...	...	9.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,315	...	...	40.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,795	...	...	17.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,820	...	...	17.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	505	...	...	3.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	695	...	...	4.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	630	...	...	4.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	565	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	15,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	13,985	...	...	88.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,785	...	...	11.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	15,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,330	...	...	52.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	6,885	...	...	43.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	560	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	15,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	435	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,035	...	...	12.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,550	...	...	16.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,855	...	...	18.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,505	...	...	22.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,690	...	...	17.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,290	...	...	8.2	...	...
85 years and over	425	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	14,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	12,395	...	...	88.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,605	...	...	11.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,440	...	...	10.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	15,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,685	...	...	23.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,430	...	...	9.1	...	...
Not suitable only	450	...	...	2.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,505	...	...	9.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	160	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	12,085	...	...	76.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	13,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,170	...	...	8.5	...	...
Not in core need	12,670	...	...	91.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,880	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.7	...	...	51.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	795	...	...	795	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,006	...	...	1,006	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	342,000	...	...	342,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,165	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.8	...	...	9.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.6	...	...	23.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.2	...	...	18.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	939	...	...	939	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	735	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	10.3	...	...	10.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	400	...	...	400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	463	...	...	463	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	37,955	19,475	18,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,000	2,575	2,420	13.2	13.2	13.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,970	2,560	2,410	13.1	13.1	13.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,755	2,470	2,285	12.5	12.7	12.4
Métis single ancestry	175	75	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,180	1,545	1,635	8.4	7.9	8.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,090	1,505	1,585	8.1	7.7	8.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,325	1,125	1,200	6.1	5.8	6.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	720	355	360	1.9	1.8	1.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	85	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	29,780	15,350	14,430	78.5	78.8	78.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	37,955	19,475	18,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	36,635	18,845	17,790	96.5	96.8	96.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,415	4,335	4,080	22.2	22.3	22.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	28,225	14,510	13,715	74.4	74.5	74.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,320	625	690	3.5	3.2	3.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	37,955	19,475	18,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	33,985	17,490	16,495	89.5	89.8	89.3
Immigrants⁸¹	3,665	1,790	1,875	9.7	9.2	10.1
Before 1980	1,680	885	790	4.4	4.5	4.3
1980 to 1990	465	215	245	1.2	1.1	1.3
1991 to 2000	430	175	245	1.1	0.9	1.3
2001 to 2010	375	195	185	1.0	1.0	1.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	715	320	405	1.9	1.6	2.2
2011 to 2015	315	115	195	0.8	0.6	1.1
2016 to 2021	400	200	205	1.1	1.0	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	305	190	120	0.8	1.0	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,665	1,790	1,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	470	255	220	12.8	14.2	11.7
5 to 14 years	735	380	360	20.1	21.2	19.2
15 to 24 years	785	395	395	21.4	22.1	21.1
25 to 44 years	1,440	635	800	39.3	35.5	42.7
45 years and over	230	130	105	6.3	7.3	5.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,665	1,790	1,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,190	510	680	32.5	28.5	36.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	15	25	1.0	0.8	1.3
Mexico	60	20	35	1.6	1.1	1.9
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	985	425	560	26.9	23.7	29.9
Other places of birth in Americas	85	40	45	2.3	2.2	2.4
Europe	1,585	840	740	43.2	46.9	39.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
France	30	20	10	0.8	1.1	0.5
Germany	340	200	145	9.3	11.2	7.7
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Italy	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Netherlands	280	125	160	7.6	7.0	8.5
Poland	40	25	10	1.1	1.4	0.5
Portugal	95	55	45	2.6	3.1	2.4
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	0	25	0.7	0.0	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	365	200	170	10.0	11.2	9.1
Other places of birth in Europe	315	185	125	8.6	10.3	6.7
Africa	200	110	85	5.5	6.1	4.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	25	10	10	0.7	0.6	0.5
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	110	70	40	3.0	3.9	2.1
Other places of birth in Africa	50	20	25	1.4	1.1	1.3
Asia	595	275	315	16.2	15.4	16.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	20	30	1.5	1.1	1.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	200	55	145	5.5	3.1	7.7
Viet Nam	35	15	20	1.0	0.8	1.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	135	80	55	3.7	4.5	2.9
Pakistan	55	30	25	1.5	1.7	1.3
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	35	30	1.8	2.0	1.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	105	50	60	2.9	2.8	3.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	405	200	205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	75	25	50	18.5	12.5	24.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	60	15	40	14.8	7.5	19.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	80	50	35	19.8	25.0	17.1
France	10	0	0	2.5	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	10	0	3.7	5.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	15	10	4.9	7.5	4.9
Other places of birth in Europe	30	15	20	7.4	7.5	9.8
Africa	45	30	15	11.1	15.0	7.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	25	10	10	6.2	5.0	4.9
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	0	3.7	5.0	0.0
Asia	190	85	100	46.9	42.5	48.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	15	20	7.4	7.5	9.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	20	10	6.2	10.0	4.9
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	55	30	25	13.6	15.0	12.2
Philippines	65	20	40	16.0	10.0	19.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	15	10	0	3.7	5.0	0.0
Australia	15	10	0	3.7	5.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	37,960	19,475	18,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,265	2,125	2,135	11.2	10.9	11.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,050	3,115	2,935	15.9	16.0	15.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	27,645	14,230	13,415	72.8	73.1	72.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,985	905	1,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,010	520	485	50.9	57.5	44.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	485	330	150	24.4	36.5	13.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	530	195	335	26.7	21.5	31.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	810	285	530	40.8	31.5	49.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	155	95	60	7.8	10.5	5.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,985	905	1,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	0	20	0.8	0.0	1.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	495	225	270	24.9	24.9	25.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	45	25	20	2.3	2.8	1.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	95	70	25	4.8	7.7	2.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	0	20	1.3	0.0	1.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,300	575	730	65.5	63.5	67.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	37,955	19,475	18,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,625	820	800	4.3	4.2	4.3
South Asian	460	285	175	1.2	1.5	0.9
Chinese	120	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black	240	115	120	0.6	0.6	0.6
Filipino	305	110	195	0.8	0.6	1.1
Arab	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin American	100	40	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Southeast Asian	140	70	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Asian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	70	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	36,335	18,655	17,685	95.7	95.8	95.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	37,960	19,475	18,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,950	2,595	2,355	13.0	13.3	12.7
English	8,895	4,425	4,465	23.4	22.7	24.2
Irish	5,640	2,800	2,840	14.9	14.4	15.4
Scottish	6,825	3,330	3,495	18.0	17.1	18.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,995	1,430	1,565	7.9	7.3	8.5
German	6,310	3,250	3,060	16.6	16.7	16.6
Chinese	195	95	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italian	685	335	350	1.8	1.7	1.9
Indian (India)	330	205	125	0.9	1.1	0.7
Ukrainian	1,790	930	860	4.7	4.8	4.7
Dutch	4,045	1,995	2,045	10.7	10.2	11.1
Polish	1,100	550	545	2.9	2.8	2.9
Québécois	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,255	575	680	3.3	3.0	3.7
Filipino	295	105	190	0.8	0.5	1.0
French Canadian	195	130	65	0.5	0.7	0.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	835	450	390	2.2	2.3	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,140	1,595	1,540	8.3	8.2	8.3
Métis	1,000	490	515	2.6	2.5	2.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,010	505	500	2.7	2.6	2.7
Russian	1,300	660	635	3.4	3.4	3.4
Norwegian	1,855	910	945	4.9	4.7	5.1
Welsh	835	430	405	2.2	2.2	2.2
Portuguese	320	170	145	0.8	0.9	0.8
American	1,100	565	535	2.9	2.9	2.9
Spanish	220	90	135	0.6	0.5	0.7
Swedish	1,535	810	720	4.0	4.2	3.9
Hungarian	390	200	190	1.0	1.0	1.0
Acadian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	110	65	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jewish	210	95	115	0.6	0.5	0.6
Punjabi	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	90	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	380	195	180	1.0	1.0	1.0
Korean	60	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	85	30	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lebanese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	140	70	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	625	290	340	1.6	1.5	1.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	785	360	425	2.1	1.8	2.3
Sikh	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	320	145	175	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belgian	140	80	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Haitian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindu	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexican	120	70	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mennonite	780	395	385	2.1	2.0	2.1
Swiss	600	305	290	1.6	1.6	1.6
Finnish	400	195	205	1.1	1.0	1.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	105	70	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Japanese	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	95	60	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	350	180	170	0.9	0.9	0.9
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	220	95	130	0.6	0.5	0.7
Colombian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Moroccan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	140	90	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
Syrian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Serbian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	80	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	105	45	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	85	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	85	50	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australian	105	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chilean	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	65	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	150	65	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	105	70	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	95	60	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	125	50	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	37,955	19,470	18,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	16,265	7,905	8,360	42.9	40.6	45.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,345	2,710	2,635	14.1	13.9	14.3
Anabaptist	700	335	365	1.8	1.7	2.0
Anglican	865	440	420	2.3	2.3	2.3
Baptist	365	165	195	1.0	0.8	1.1
Catholic	4,135	1,990	2,145	10.9	10.2	11.6
Christian Orthodox	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	155	60	90	0.4	0.3	0.5
Latter Day Saints	525	250	275	1.4	1.3	1.5
Lutheran	395	210	185	1.0	1.1	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	45	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	345	150	190	0.9	0.8	1.0
Presbyterian	120	40	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
Reformed	1,280	600	680	3.4	3.1	3.7
United Church	860	350	510	2.3	1.8	2.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,085	550	535	2.9	2.8	2.9
Hindu	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	100	20	80	0.3	0.1	0.4
Muslim	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	200	130	65	0.5	0.7	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	270	140	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Other religions and spiritual traditions	445	200	250	1.2	1.0	1.4
No religion and secular perspectives	20,485	10,975	9,505	54.0	56.4	51.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	37,585	19,260	18,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	33,515	17,165	16,345	89.2	89.1	89.2
Movers	4,075	2,100	1,980	10.8	10.9	10.8
Non-migrants	1,900	960	935	5.1	5.0	5.1
Migrants	2,180	1,135	1,045	5.8	5.9	5.7
Internal migrants	2,040	1,070	970	5.4	5.6	5.3
Intraprovincial migrants	1,505	755	750	4.0	3.9	4.1
Interprovincial migrants	530	315	215	1.4	1.6	1.2
External migrants	145	65	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	35,650	18,210	17,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	21,935	11,455	10,480	61.5	62.9	60.1
Movers	13,715	6,755	6,960	38.5	37.1	39.9
Non-migrants	3,780	1,925	1,855	10.6	10.6	10.6
Migrants	9,930	4,830	5,105	27.9	26.5	29.3
Internal migrants	9,300	4,475	4,825	26.1	24.6	27.7
Intraprovincial migrants	7,610	3,575	4,035	21.3	19.6	23.1
Interprovincial migrants	1,695	905	795	4.8	5.0	4.6
External migrants	630	350	280	1.8	1.9	1.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,795	15,735	15,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,710	4,535	3,180	25.0	28.8	21.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	23,085	11,205	11,880	75.0	71.2	78.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,930	10,095	9,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,535	2,220	1,315	17.7	22.0	13.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	16,395	7,875	8,520	82.3	78.0	86.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,795	15,735	15,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,770	3,855	2,910	22.0	24.5	19.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,600	5,165	5,435	34.4	32.8	36.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,430	6,720	6,720	43.6	42.7	44.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,265	4,855	4,405	30.1	30.9	29.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,490	2,855	635	11.3	18.1	4.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,245	825	420	4.0	5.2	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,245	2,035	215	7.3	12.9	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,030	1,750	3,270	16.3	11.1	21.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	745	250	495	2.4	1.6	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,170	1,855	2,310	13.5	11.8	15.3
Bachelor's degree	2,780	1,200	1,585	9.0	7.6	10.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	345	165	180	1.1	1.0	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	70	50	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Master's degree	895	395	495	2.9	2.5	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	50	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,925	10,100	9,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,985	1,865	1,115	15.0	18.5	11.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,910	3,370	3,545	34.7	33.4	36.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,030	4,865	5,170	50.3	48.2	52.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,695	3,430	3,265	33.6	34.0	33.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,435	1,975	460	12.2	19.6	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	875	585	290	4.4	5.8	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,560	1,395	170	7.8	13.8	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,740	1,300	2,440	18.8	12.9	24.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	520	155	360	2.6	1.5	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,340	1,440	1,905	16.8	14.3	19.4
Bachelor's degree	2,300	990	1,310	11.5	9.8	13.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	250	115	135	1.3	1.1	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	705	295	410	3.5	2.9	4.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	45	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	30,800	15,735	15,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,360	9,020	8,340	56.4	57.3	55.4
Education	1,285	340	945	4.2	2.2	6.3
13. Education	1,285	340	945	4.2	2.2	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	260	105	155	0.8	0.7	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	220	65	155	0.7	0.4	1.0
Humanities	475	205	270	1.5	1.3	1.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	70	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105	40	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	65	65	0.5	0.4	0.4
54. History	60	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,035	295	740	3.4	1.9	4.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	315	20	290	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	115	35	75	0.4	0.2	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	160	40	120	0.5	0.3	0.8
45. Social sciences	345	165	185	1.1	1.0	1.2
Business, management and public administration	2,205	545	1,655	7.2	3.5	11.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	230	40	190	0.7	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,975	505	1,470	6.4	3.2	9.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	435	240	195	1.4	1.5	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	255	145	115	0.8	0.9	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	190	120	70	0.6	0.8	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	105	80	25	0.3	0.5	0.2
25. Library science	50	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,640	3,420	220	11.8	21.7	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	230	195	35	0.7	1.2	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	480	400	75	1.6	2.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	890	870	20	2.9	5.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,305	1,275	30	4.2	8.1	0.2
48. Precision production	700	665	35	2.3	4.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,170	790	380	3.8	5.0	2.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	220	95	125	0.7	0.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	950	700	250	3.1	4.4	1.7
Health and related fields	1,865	255	1,615	6.1	1.6	10.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	145	55	90	0.5	0.3	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,710	190	1,515	5.6	1.2	10.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	870	405	470	2.8	2.6	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	490	115	380	1.6	0.7	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	85	35	45	0.3	0.2	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	295	255	40	1.0	1.6	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	19,930	10,095	9,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,895	5,230	4,660	49.6	51.8	47.4
Education	900	220	685	4.5	2.2	7.0
13. Education	900	220	685	4.5	2.2	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	210	80	130	1.1	0.8	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	190	65	130	1.0	0.6	1.3
Humanities	375	165	210	1.9	1.6	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	50	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95	35	55	0.5	0.3	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	95	50	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
54. History	50	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	830	220	610	4.2	2.2	6.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	240	15	220	1.2	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	100	30	70	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	120	25	100	0.6	0.2	1.0
45. Social sciences	280	130	160	1.4	1.3	1.6
Business, management and public administration	1,670	375	1,295	8.4	3.7	13.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	175	30	145	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,495	345	1,145	7.5	3.4	11.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	320	165	155	1.6	1.6	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	180	90	90	0.9	0.9	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	75	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	145	95	45	0.7	0.9	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	85	70	15	0.4	0.7	0.2
25. Library science	35	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,610	2,410	200	13.1	23.9	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	30	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	195	155	35	1.0	1.5	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	335	275	65	1.7	2.7	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	675	650	20	3.4	6.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	850	825	25	4.3	8.2	0.3
48. Precision production	525	490	35	2.6	4.9	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	965	650	320	4.8	6.4	3.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	160	60	95	0.8	0.6	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	805	585	225	4.0	5.8	2.3
Health and related fields	1,310	175	1,135	6.6	1.7	11.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	110	45	65	0.6	0.4	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,190	125	1,060	6.0	1.2	10.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	710	320	390	3.6	3.2	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	410	95	310	2.1	0.9	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	235	195	45	1.2	1.9	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	19,930	10,095	9,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,895	5,230	4,660	49.6	51.8	47.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	10,035	4,870	5,170	50.4	48.2	52.6
Location of study inside Canada	8,980	4,395	4,590	45.1	43.5	46.7
Same as province or territory of residence	6,770	3,265	3,505	34.0	32.3	35.7
Different than province or territory of residence	2,210	1,125	1,085	11.1	11.1	11.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,055	475	580	5.3	4.7	5.9
Americas	320	160	155	1.6	1.6	1.6
United States of America	285	160	125	1.4	1.6	1.3
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	355	165	190	1.8	1.6	1.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germany	120	65	50	0.6	0.6	0.5
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Africa	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	10	0.2	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Asia	275	105	170	1.4	1.0	1.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.2
Philippines	155	55	105	0.8	0.5	1.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	60	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	65	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Australia	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	30,795	15,735	15,060	...	...	...
In the labour force	19,415	10,590	8,820	...	...	...
Employed	17,420	9,305	8,115	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,990	1,285	705	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	11,380	5,140	6,240	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.0	67.3	58.6	63.0	67.3	58.6
Employment rate	56.6	59.1	53.9	56.6	59.1	53.9
Unemployment rate	10.2	12.1	8.0	10.2	12.1	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	30,800	15,735	15,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	11,105	4,960	6,145	36.1	31.5	40.8
Worked	19,695	10,780	8,915	63.9	68.5	59.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	9,555	5,595	3,965	31.0	35.6	26.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,135	5,185	4,955	32.9	33.0	32.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	41.1	39.7	40.5	41.1	39.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	19,410	10,590	8,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	340	175	165	1.8	1.7	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	19,075	10,420	8,655	98.3	98.4	98.1
Employee	15,890	8,535	7,355	81.9	80.6	83.4
Permanent position	12,995	7,150	5,840	67.0	67.5	66.2
Temporary position	2,895	1,380	1,515	14.9	13.0	17.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	755	305	450	3.9	2.9	5.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,140	1,080	1,065	11.0	10.2	12.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,180	1,880	1,295	16.4	17.8	14.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	19,410	10,590	8,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	340	175	165	1.8	1.7	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	19,075	10,420	8,655	98.3	98.4	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	160	65	90	0.8	0.6	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,410	515	1,900	12.4	4.9	21.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	920	665	250	4.7	6.3	2.8
3 Health occupations	1,050	165	890	5.4	1.6	10.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,535	745	1,790	13.1	7.0	20.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	420	115	300	2.2	1.1	3.4
6 Sales and service occupations	3,870	1,380	2,490	19.9	13.0	28.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,780	4,460	320	24.6	42.1	3.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,655	1,215	440	8.5	11.5	5.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,270	1,090	185	6.5	10.3	2.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	19,410	10,590	8,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	340	175	165	1.8	1.7	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	19,075	10,420	8,655	98.3	98.4	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,295	1,660	635	11.8	15.7	7.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	640	485	155	3.3	4.6	1.8
22 Utilities	130	130	0	0.7	1.2	0.0
23 Construction	1,555	1,365	190	8.0	12.9	2.2
31-33 Manufacturing	2,130	1,760	365	11.0	16.6	4.1
41 Wholesale trade	355	225	130	1.8	2.1	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	1,885	835	1,055	9.7	7.9	12.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	990	760	230	5.1	7.2	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	145	65	80	0.7	0.6	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	325	65	255	1.7	0.6	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	215	100	115	1.1	0.9	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	795	365	430	4.1	3.4	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	545	245	300	2.8	2.3	3.4
61 Educational services	1,590	405	1,180	8.2	3.8	13.4
62 Health care and social assistance	1,965	255	1,715	10.1	2.4	19.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	310	115	195	1.6	1.1	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	840	385	460	4.3	3.6	5.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	830	485	345	4.3	4.6	3.9
91 Public administration	1,500	705	795	7.7	6.7	9.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	21,245	11,525	9,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	20,900	11,380	9,515	98.4	98.7	97.9
French	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	80	35	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	215	90	120	1.0	0.8	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	21,245	11,525	9,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	21,205	11,520	9,690	99.8	100.0	99.7
Official languages	21,150	11,505	9,650	99.6	99.8	99.3
English	21,115	11,490	9,630	99.4	99.7	99.1
French	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	60	15	40	0.3	0.1	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Dakelh (Carrier)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	45	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and French	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	21,245	11,525	9,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	20,965	11,410	9,560	98.7	99.0	98.4
English	55	10	45	0.3	0.1	0.5
French	45	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official language	150	80	70	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	55	15	35	0.3	0.1	0.4
Non-Indigenous	95	60	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	17,420	9,300	8,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,255	1,025	1,230	12.9	11.0	15.2
Worked outside Canada	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
No fixed workplace address	2,790	2,170	620	16.0	23.3	7.6
Usual place of work	12,370	6,105	6,270	71.0	65.6	77.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	12,370	6,105	6,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	6,565	3,160	3,405	53.1	51.8	54.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,205	2,610	2,595	42.1	42.8	41.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	535	295	240	4.3	4.8	3.8
Commute to a different province or territory	60	35	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	15,155	8,270	6,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	13,295	7,295	6,000	87.7	88.2	87.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	12,480	6,885	5,595	82.3	83.3	81.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	815	405	410	5.4	4.9	6.0
Public transit	180	135	45	1.2	1.6	0.7
Walked	1,135	525	605	7.5	6.3	8.8
Bicycle	250	165	85	1.6	2.0	1.2
Other method	305	155	150	2.0	1.9	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	15,155	8,270	6,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,000	4,330	4,660	59.4	52.4	67.7
15 to 29 minutes	3,500	2,015	1,490	23.1	24.4	21.6
30 to 44 minutes	1,055	680	375	7.0	8.2	5.4
45 to 59 minutes	535	335	205	3.5	4.1	3.0
60 minutes and over	1,070	915	155	7.1	11.1	2.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	15,155	8,270	6,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,010	845	170	6.7	10.2	2.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,330	1,760	570	15.4	21.3	8.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,385	1,860	1,520	22.3	22.5	22.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,195	1,450	2,740	27.7	17.5	39.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,665	625	1,035	11.0	7.6	15.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,575	1,725	845	17.0	20.9	12.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,740	4,545	4,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	305	150	155	3.5	3.3	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,440	4,395	4,045	96.6	96.7	96.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,355	3,240	3,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	215	95	120	3.4	2.9	3.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	75	35	40	1.2	1.1	1.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	135	60	80	2.1	1.9	2.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,140	3,145	2,995	96.6	97.1	96.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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