Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	North CoastMore information: British Columbia [Economic region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	55,971	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	55,500	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.8	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	26,468	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	22,967	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.5	...	...	0.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	124,017.55	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	55,975	28,585	27,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	9,870	4,990	4,875	17.6	17.5	17.8
0 to 4 years	3,080	1,580	1,500	5.5	5.5	5.5
5 to 9 years	3,280	1,625	1,655	5.9	5.7	6.0
10 to 14 years	3,510	1,790	1,720	6.3	6.3	6.3
15 to 64 years	36,375	18,745	17,635	65.0	65.6	64.4
15 to 19 years	3,195	1,660	1,530	5.7	5.8	5.6
20 to 24 years	3,055	1,600	1,460	5.5	5.6	5.3
25 to 29 years	3,740	1,990	1,750	6.7	7.0	6.4
30 to 34 years	3,935	2,015	1,920	7.0	7.0	7.0
35 to 39 years	3,505	1,775	1,735	6.3	6.2	6.3
40 to 44 years	3,390	1,760	1,635	6.1	6.2	6.0
45 to 49 years	3,390	1,685	1,705	6.1	5.9	6.2
50 to 54 years	3,880	1,925	1,960	6.9	6.7	7.2
55 to 59 years	4,115	2,180	1,940	7.4	7.6	7.1
60 to 64 years	4,165	2,160	2,005	7.4	7.6	7.3
65 years and over	9,730	4,850	4,875	17.4	17.0	17.8
65 to 69 years	3,470	1,840	1,635	6.2	6.4	6.0
70 to 74 years	2,690	1,360	1,330	4.8	4.8	4.9
75 to 79 years	1,700	855	845	3.0	3.0	3.1
80 to 84 years	1,090	490	600	1.9	1.7	2.2
85 years and over	785	310	470	1.4	1.1	1.7
85 to 89 years	505	215	285	0.9	0.8	1.0
90 to 94 years	220	75	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.6	17.5	17.8	17.6	17.5	17.8
15 to 64 years	65.0	65.6	64.4	65.0	65.6	64.4
65 years and over	17.4	17.0	17.8	17.4	17.0	17.8
85 years and over	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.4	1.1	1.7
Average age of the population	40.9	40.6	41.1	40.9	40.6	41.1
Median age of the population	40.8	40.8	41.2	40.8	40.8	41.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	22,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	15,885	...	...	69.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,255	...	...	5.5	...	...
Row house	1,255	...	...	5.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,150	...	...	5.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,070	...	...	9.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	60	...	...	0.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	95	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,200	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	22,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	6,910	...	...	30.1	...	...
2 persons	7,980	...	...	34.7	...	...
3 persons	3,380	...	...	14.7	...	...
4 persons	2,720	...	...	11.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,985	...	...	8.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	55,265	28,260	27,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	46,105	23,595	22,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	25,375	12,740	12,640	55.0	54.0	56.2
Married	17,900	9,020	8,875	38.8	38.2	39.4
Living common-law	7,480	3,715	3,765	16.2	15.7	16.7
Living common law - Never married	5,925	2,950	2,975	12.9	12.5	13.2
Living common law - Separated	320	150	170	0.7	0.6	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	1,070	550	525	2.3	2.3	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	160	65	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	20,725	10,860	9,870	45.0	46.0	43.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	14,115	8,300	5,810	30.6	35.2	25.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,410	685	730	3.1	2.9	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,610	1,230	1,385	5.7	5.2	6.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,585	640	1,945	5.6	2.7	8.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	15,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	8,510	...	...	54.6	...	...
3 persons	3,280	...	...	21.0	...	...
4 persons	2,495	...	...	16.0	...	...
5 or more persons	1,305	...	...	8.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	15,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	12,375	...	...	79.4	...	...
Married couples	8,640	...	...	55.4	...	...
With children⁶	4,110	...	...	26.4	...	...
Without children	4,525	...	...	29.0	...	...
Common-law couples	3,735	...	...	23.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,695	...	...	10.9	...	...
Without children	2,050	...	...	13.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,215	...	...	20.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,260	...	...	14.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	955	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	55,260	28,260	27,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	44,070	22,075	21,990	79.8	78.1	81.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	24,750	12,350	12,405	44.8	43.7	45.9
Parents in one-parent families	3,220	955	2,265	5.8	3.4	8.4
Children⁶	16,095	8,775	7,320	29.1	31.1	27.1
In a two-parent family	10,995	5,875	5,120	19.9	20.8	19.0
In a one-parent family	5,095	2,900	2,200	9.2	10.3	8.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,195	6,185	5,010	20.3	21.9	18.6
Living alone	6,910	3,725	3,180	12.5	13.2	11.8
Living with other relatives⁷	1,920	990	925	3.5	3.5	3.4
Living with non-relatives only	2,375	1,465	905	4.3	5.2	3.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	22,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	13,085	...	...	57.0	...	...
Couple-family households	10,885	...	...	47.4	...	...
With children⁶	5,050	...	...	22.0	...	...
Without children	5,835	...	...	25.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,200	...	...	9.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	800	...	...	3.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	140	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	960	...	...	4.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,085	...	...	4.7	...	...
One-person households	6,905	...	...	30.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	45,410	23,270	22,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,065	22,665	21,400	97.0	97.4	96.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,800	36,800	41,600	48,800	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,095	22,680	21,420	97.1	97.5	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,000	34,000	38,800	44,000	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,580	19,645	17,935	82.8	84.4	81.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	47,600	30,400	38,000	47,600	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,180	17,205	14,975	70.9	73.9	67.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	50,400	32,800	40,000	50,400	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,155	17,525	18,630	79.6	75.3	84.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,600	9,800	11,100	10,600	9,800	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,750	2,990	2,765	12.7	12.8	12.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,280	5,760	6,000	6,280	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,760	5,145	5,615	23.7	22.1	25.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	45,410	23,270	22,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,020	22,585	21,440	96.9	97.1	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,050	61,600	44,080	53,050	61,600	44,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,055	22,600	21,455	97.0	97.1	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,480	51,600	39,040	45,480	51,600	39,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,690	19,580	18,115	83.0	84.1	81.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,680	60,900	39,640	50,680	60,900	39,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,175	17,155	15,020	70.9	73.7	67.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,850	61,250	41,160	51,850	61,250	41,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,025	17,380	18,645	79.3	74.7	84.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,830	11,450	12,180	11,830	11,450	12,180
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,510	2,915	2,590	12.1	12.5	11.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,110	7,410	6,780	7,110	7,410	6,780
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,730	5,220	5,505	23.6	22.4	24.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,530	8,530	8,530	8,530	8,530	8,530
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	45,410	23,270	22,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	14,215	8,060	6,155	31.3	34.6	27.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,500	81,000	54,800	67,500	81,000	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,800	87,600	62,700	76,800	87,600	62,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,055	6,490	6,565	28.7	27.9	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	26,800	21,400	24,000	26,800	21,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,960	43,400	28,600	35,960	43,400	28,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.8	85.6	76.0	81.8	85.6	76.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.4	75.6	65.4	71.4	75.6	65.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.2	14.3	24.0	18.2	14.3	24.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.6	1.9	1.7	1.6	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	4.0	6.6	5.0	4.0	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.2	5.0	3.9	3.2	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	45,415	23,275	22,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,345	610	735	3.0	2.6	3.3
With total income	44,065	22,665	21,400	97.0	97.4	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,480	2,085	2,395	10.2	9.2	11.2
$10,000 to $19,999	5,050	2,235	2,815	11.5	9.9	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	6,295	2,845	3,450	14.3	12.6	16.1
$30,000 to $39,999	5,340	2,375	2,965	12.1	10.5	13.9
$40,000 to $49,999	4,655	2,060	2,595	10.6	9.1	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	3,855	1,795	2,060	8.7	7.9	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	2,980	1,540	1,435	6.8	6.8	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,235	1,270	970	5.1	5.6	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,860	1,110	750	4.2	4.9	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,550	1,005	550	3.5	4.4	2.6
$100,000 and over	5,770	4,345	1,420	13.1	19.2	6.6
$100,000 to $149,999	4,110	2,980	1,135	9.3	13.1	5.3
$150,000 and over	1,655	1,370	285	3.8	6.0	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	45,415	23,275	22,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,315	595	715	2.9	2.6	3.2
With after-tax income	44,100	22,675	21,420	97.1	97.4	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,600	2,120	2,480	10.4	9.3	11.6
$10,000 to $19,999	5,180	2,300	2,880	11.7	10.1	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	7,045	3,200	3,845	16.0	14.1	18.0
$30,000 to $39,999	6,045	2,695	3,350	13.7	11.9	15.6
$40,000 to $49,999	5,335	2,425	2,910	12.1	10.7	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	4,095	2,065	2,030	9.3	9.1	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,095	1,780	1,315	7.0	7.9	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,325	1,440	890	5.3	6.4	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	1,915	1,285	630	4.3	5.7	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,330	955	370	3.0	4.2	1.7
$100,000 and over	3,135	2,415	720	7.1	10.7	3.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,970	1,475	495	4.5	6.5	2.3
$125,000 and over	1,160	940	220	2.6	4.1	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	45,415	23,275	22,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	13,235	6,070	7,165	29.1	26.1	32.4
With employment income	32,175	17,200	14,975	70.8	73.9	67.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,340	2,220	2,120	13.5	12.9	14.2
$5,000 to $9,999	2,210	955	1,250	6.9	5.6	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	3,530	1,580	1,950	11.0	9.2	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	3,040	1,360	1,685	9.4	7.9	11.3
$30,000 to $39,999	2,945	1,310	1,635	9.2	7.6	10.9
$40,000 to $49,999	2,590	1,130	1,460	8.0	6.6	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	2,410	1,125	1,280	7.5	6.5	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,975	1,055	925	6.1	6.1	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,605	945	665	5.0	5.5	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,445	930	520	4.5	5.4	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,260	800	455	3.9	4.7	3.0
$100,000 and over	4,825	3,790	1,035	15.0	22.0	6.9
$100,000 to $124,999	2,280	1,680	600	7.1	9.8	4.0
$125,000 and over	2,540	2,105	435	7.9	12.2	2.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	45,410	23,270	22,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	42,855	21,990	20,865	94.4	94.5	94.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	47,200	33,200	38,800	47,200	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	42,965	22,010	20,955	94.6	94.6	94.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	42,400	30,600	35,600	42,400	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,425	19,555	17,870	82.4	84.0	80.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	47,200	30,400	37,600	47,200	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	32,905	17,490	15,420	72.5	75.2	69.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	48,400	31,200	38,000	48,400	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,240	14,070	16,170	66.6	60.5	73.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,900	7,550	8,200	7,900	7,550	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,095	2,720	2,385	11.2	11.7	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	6,240	5,760	6,080	6,240	5,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	45,410	23,270	22,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	42,775	21,900	20,875	94.2	94.1	94.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,640	59,600	41,240	50,640	59,600	41,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	42,900	21,925	20,975	94.5	94.2	94.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,760	49,360	35,880	42,760	49,360	35,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,340	19,415	17,930	82.2	83.4	81.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,200	60,350	39,240	50,200	60,350	39,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	32,770	17,355	15,415	72.2	74.6	69.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,320	60,150	39,280	50,320	60,150	39,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,050	13,970	16,075	66.2	60.0	72.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,700	9,610	9,780	9,700	9,610	9,780
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,955	2,685	2,270	10.9	11.5	10.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,440	7,400	7,500	7,440	7,400	7,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	45,410	23,270	22,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	14,075	7,995	6,075	31.0	34.4	27.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	75,500	50,800	62,400	75,500	50,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,200	82,900	58,050	72,200	82,900	58,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	12,335	6,115	6,215	27.2	26.3	28.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,200	32,800	24,400	28,200	32,800	24,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	40,000	48,600	31,520	40,000	48,600	31,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.6	89.8	81.8	86.6	89.8	81.8
Employment income (%)	76.2	80.0	70.4	76.2	80.0	70.4
Government transfers (%)	13.4	10.3	18.2	13.4	10.3	18.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.7	1.5	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	22,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,905	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	40,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	16,065	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	22,965	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,700	...	...	101,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,200	...	...	87,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,890	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,500	...	...	57,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...	48,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	16,075	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,700	...	...	120,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,900	...	...	103,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	22,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	310	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	140	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	250	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	515	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	925	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	715	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	745	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	755	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	830	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	870	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,685	...	...	7.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,600	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,410	...	...	6.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,360	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,210	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,645	...	...	42.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,645	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,100	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,725	...	...	11.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,175	...	...	9.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	22,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	325	...	...	1.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	150	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	265	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	515	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	950	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	825	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	825	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	880	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	945	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,035	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,910	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,820	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,665	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,510	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,325	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,020	...	...	34.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,960	...	...	12.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,030	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,025	...	...	13.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	15,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,985	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,880	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,820	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,280	5,195	4,085	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	44,400	38,800	41,600	44,400	38,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	40,000	35,600	38,000	40,000	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	15,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,800	...	...	119,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,080	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,900	...	...	112,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,100	...	...	96,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,895	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,200	...	...	147,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,810	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,700	...	...	80,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,200	...	...	72,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,345	5,230	4,115	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,400	57,050	48,800	53,400	57,050	48,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,440	48,040	42,120	45,440	48,040	42,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	55,265	28,265	27,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	11,820	6,010	5,810	21.4	21.3	21.5
0 to 5 years	3,685	1,885	1,800	6.7	6.7	6.7
18 to 64 years	34,060	17,485	16,575	61.6	61.9	61.4
65 years and over	9,380	4,765	4,615	17.0	16.9	17.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,700	3,365	3,335	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,760	900	865	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	555	275	280	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,515	1,790	1,725	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,430	675	750	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.1	11.9	12.4	12.1	11.9	12.4
0 to 17 years (%)	14.9	14.9	14.8	14.9	14.9	14.8
0 to 5 years (%)	15.1	14.6	15.6	15.1	14.6	15.6
18 to 64 years (%)	10.3	10.2	10.4	10.3	10.2	10.4
65 years and over (%)	15.2	14.2	16.3	15.2	14.2	16.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	45,830	23,340	22,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,425	4,785	4,640	20.6	20.5	20.6
0 to 5 years	3,040	1,555	1,485	6.6	6.7	6.6
18 to 64 years	28,490	14,560	13,930	62.2	62.4	62.0
65 years and over	7,915	3,995	3,920	17.3	17.1	17.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,155	595	560	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	225	105	120	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	50	20	30	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	820	445	370	...	...	...
65 years and over	110	45	70	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.4	2.2	2.6	2.4	2.2	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.5	2.0	1.8	1.5	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.9	3.0	2.7	2.9	3.0	2.7
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	55,265	28,265	27,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	27,115	13,505	13,610	49.1	47.8	50.4
In bottom decile	6,115	3,105	3,005	11.1	11.0	11.1
In second decile	5,555	2,685	2,875	10.1	9.5	10.6
In third decile	5,215	2,575	2,640	9.4	9.1	9.8
In fourth decile	4,935	2,445	2,485	8.9	8.7	9.2
In fifth decile	5,300	2,695	2,605	9.6	9.5	9.6
In top half of the distribution	28,145	14,760	13,395	50.9	52.2	49.6
In sixth decile	4,870	2,465	2,405	8.8	8.7	8.9
In seventh decile	5,295	2,765	2,525	9.6	9.8	9.4
In eighth decile	5,645	2,920	2,720	10.2	10.3	10.1
In ninth decile	6,180	3,260	2,920	11.2	11.5	10.8
In top decile	6,165	3,340	2,820	11.2	11.8	10.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	55,260	...	...	55,260	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.328	...	...	0.328	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.446	...	...	0.446	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.291	...	...	0.291	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	55,585	28,420	27,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	52,385	26,920	25,475	94.2	94.7	93.8
French only	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	2,885	1,380	1,505	5.2	4.9	5.5
Neither English nor French	275	110	170	0.5	0.4	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	55,585	28,420	27,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	54,465	27,850	26,615	98.0	98.0	98.0
French	760	425	335	1.4	1.5	1.2
English and French	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	270	100	165	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	55,585	28,420	27,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	53,715	27,470	26,245	96.6	96.7	96.6
Official languages	47,925	24,595	23,335	86.2	86.5	85.9
English	47,110	24,140	22,970	84.8	84.9	84.6
French	815	450	360	1.5	1.6	1.3
Non-official languages	5,790	2,875	2,915	10.4	10.1	10.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,155	590	565	2.1	2.1	2.1
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	165	90	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern Athabaskan languages	165	90	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	860	435	420	1.5	1.5	1.5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	470	250	230	0.8	0.9	0.8
Nisga'a	290	140	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tsimshian	100	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wakashan languages	90	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haisla	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Heiltsuk	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,630	2,285	2,350	8.3	8.0	8.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	75	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	85	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	345	165	180	0.6	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	345	165	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	425	165	260	0.8	0.6	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	335	130	210	0.6	0.5	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	120	75	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,170	1,595	1,570	5.7	5.6	5.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	245	120	130	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	245	115	125	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	880	435	445	1.6	1.5	1.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	545	275	275	1.0	1.0	1.0
German	510	255	260	0.9	0.9	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	260	130	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	150	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	910	505	405	1.6	1.8	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	895	505	395	1.6	1.8	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	95	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	710	390	325	1.3	1.4	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,100	515	585	2.0	1.8	2.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	195	105	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	740	350	395	1.3	1.2	1.5
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	150	50	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	185	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	185	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	125	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,870	955	915	3.4	3.4	3.4
English and French	280	120	160	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,480	780	695	2.7	2.7	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	55,585	28,420	27,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	48,945	25,085	23,855	88.1	88.3	87.8
French	220	110	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	1,070	515	555	1.9	1.8	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	120	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	950	455	490	1.7	1.6	1.8
English and French	545	270	275	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	4,620	2,350	2,270	8.3	8.3	8.4
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	55,585	28,420	27,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	54,720	27,955	26,765	98.4	98.4	98.5
Official languages	52,550	26,865	25,685	94.5	94.5	94.6
English	52,260	26,715	25,540	94.0	94.0	94.0
French	290	145	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	2,165	1,085	1,080	3.9	3.8	4.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	235	125	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	190	100	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nisga'a	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tsimshian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,930	965	970	3.5	3.4	3.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	275	140	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	275	140	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	190	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	75	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,145	570	570	2.1	2.0	2.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	145	70	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	625	340	285	1.1	1.2	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	620	340	285	1.1	1.2	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	525	285	240	0.9	1.0	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	315	125	185	0.6	0.4	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	220	80	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	85	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	865	470	395	1.6	1.7	1.5
English and French	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	725	385	335	1.3	1.4	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	20	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	55,585	28,420	27,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	51,005	26,135	24,865	91.8	92.0	91.6
English	990	530	465	1.8	1.9	1.7
French	375	175	205	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official language	2,765	1,370	1,395	5.0	4.8	5.1
Indigenous³⁹	1,180	610	565	2.1	2.1	2.1
Non-Indigenous	1,590	755	830	2.9	2.7	3.1
English and French	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	85	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	215	105	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	55,265	28,260	27,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	54,990	28,165	26,825	99.5	99.7	99.3
English	54,955	28,155	26,805	99.4	99.6	99.3
French	2,925	1,425	1,500	5.3	5.0	5.6
Non-official languages	9,615	4,860	4,750	17.4	17.2	17.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	3,120	1,605	1,510	5.6	5.7	5.6
Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	370	220	150	0.7	0.8	0.6
Northern Athabaskan languages	370	220	150	0.7	0.8	0.6
Dakelh (Carrier)	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	190	120	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	190	120	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	140	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	140	60	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	2,300	1,175	1,125	4.2	4.2	4.2
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,000	495	510	1.8	1.8	1.9
Nisga'a	970	530	440	1.8	1.9	1.6
Tsimshian	370	170	200	0.7	0.6	0.7
Wakashan languages	295	145	150	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haisla	260	135	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
Heiltsuk	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,540	3,280	3,260	11.8	11.6	12.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	205	135	65	0.4	0.5	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	50	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	50	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	145	85	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	135	80	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	445	220	225	0.8	0.8	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	440	215	225	0.8	0.8	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	610	250	365	1.1	0.9	1.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	570	215	355	1.0	0.8	1.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	95	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,570	2,400	2,175	8.3	8.5	8.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	360	195	160	0.7	0.7	0.6
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	350	190	160	0.6	0.7	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian	80	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,235	605	635	2.2	2.1	2.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	825	405	420	1.5	1.4	1.6
German	785	400	385	1.4	1.4	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	365	200	160	0.7	0.7	0.6
Afrikaans	185	110	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dutch	185	95	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	105	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swedish	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,265	745	525	2.3	2.6	1.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,260	740	520	2.3	2.6	1.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	570	370	195	1.0	1.3	0.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	990	565	430	1.8	2.0	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,815	875	945	3.3	3.1	3.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	365	185	180	0.7	0.7	0.7
Portuguese	955	470	490	1.7	1.7	1.8
Romanian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	550	250	300	1.0	0.9	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	95	25	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	80	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	250	95	160	0.5	0.3	0.6
Chinese languages	250	95	160	0.5	0.3	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	135	40	95	0.2	0.1	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	180	75	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	55,265	28,260	27,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	21,080	10,635	10,450	38.1	37.6	38.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	20,620	10,440	10,180	37.3	36.9	37.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,890	9,530	9,360	34.2	33.7	34.7
Métis	1,680	880	795	3.0	3.1	2.9
Inuk (Inuit)	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	125	40	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	335	155	180	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-Indigenous identity	34,180	17,630	16,550	61.8	62.4	61.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	55,265	28,260	27,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	16,770	8,465	8,310	30.3	30.0	30.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	38,495	19,800	18,695	69.7	70.1	69.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	22,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	15,375	...	...	66.9	...	...
Renter	5,825	...	...	25.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,765	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	22,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,095	...	...	4.8	...	...
Not condominium	21,875	...	...	95.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	22,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	120	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	2,055	...	...	8.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,205	...	...	22.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,550	...	...	37.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,035	...	...	30.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	22,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,585	...	...	24.3	...	...
5 rooms	4,250	...	...	18.5	...	...
6 rooms	3,590	...	...	15.6	...	...
7 rooms	3,005	...	...	13.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,540	...	...	28.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	22,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	22,455	...	...	97.8	...	...
More than one person per room	510	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	22,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	21,740	...	...	94.7	...	...
Not suitable	1,230	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	22,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,660	...	...	20.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,070	...	...	39.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,515	...	...	15.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,065	...	...	13.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	545	...	...	2.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	615	...	...	2.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	565	...	...	2.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	935	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	22,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	19,365	...	...	84.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,605	...	...	15.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	22,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	11,955	...	...	52.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	9,580	...	...	41.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,430	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	22,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	675	...	...	2.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,410	...	...	14.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,620	...	...	15.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,025	...	...	17.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,980	...	...	21.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,905	...	...	17.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,860	...	...	8.1	...	...
85 years and over	485	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	19,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	16,925	...	...	86.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,630	...	...	13.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,380	...	...	12.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	22,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,680	...	...	29.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,160	...	...	9.4	...	...
Not suitable only	840	...	...	3.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,920	...	...	12.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	75	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	375	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	290	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	16,290	...	...	70.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	19,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,785	...	...	9.2	...	...
Not in core need	17,525	...	...	90.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,025	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.8	...	...	56.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.2	...	...	9.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,182	...	...	1,182	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	364,000	...	...	364,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	388,400	...	...	388,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,560	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.1	...	...	15.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.2	...	...	24.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.9	...	...	16.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,087	...	...	1,087	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,765	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	11.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	360	...	...	360	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	467	...	...	467	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	55,260	28,265	27,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	15,105	7,735	7,370	27.3	27.4	27.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	15,030	7,700	7,330	27.2	27.2	27.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	14,570	7,445	7,120	26.4	26.3	26.4
Métis single ancestry	435	235	200	0.8	0.8	0.7
Inuit single ancestry	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,860	2,915	2,945	10.6	10.3	10.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,680	2,825	2,860	10.3	10.0	10.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,875	2,400	2,475	8.8	8.5	9.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	800	420	385	1.4	1.5	1.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	180	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	180	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	34,300	17,615	16,680	62.1	62.3	61.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	55,265	28,265	27,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	53,010	27,150	25,860	95.9	96.1	95.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	11,705	5,975	5,730	21.2	21.1	21.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	41,305	21,170	20,130	74.7	74.9	74.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,255	1,115	1,140	4.1	3.9	4.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	55,265	28,265	27,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	49,035	25,160	23,880	88.7	89.0	88.4
Immigrants⁸¹	5,400	2,590	2,805	9.8	9.2	10.4
Before 1980	2,420	1,205	1,215	4.4	4.3	4.5
1980 to 1990	665	360	310	1.2	1.3	1.1
1991 to 2000	550	250	300	1.0	0.9	1.1
2001 to 2010	615	270	345	1.1	1.0	1.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,150	510	640	2.1	1.8	2.4
2011 to 2015	460	260	200	0.8	0.9	0.7
2016 to 2021	685	250	435	1.2	0.9	1.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	825	510	320	1.5	1.8	1.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,400	2,590	2,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	560	270	295	10.4	10.4	10.5
5 to 14 years	1,095	620	480	20.3	23.9	17.1
15 to 24 years	1,330	675	650	24.6	26.1	23.2
25 to 44 years	2,085	905	1,180	38.6	34.9	42.1
45 years and over	325	125	205	6.0	4.8	7.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,400	2,590	2,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	740	310	430	13.7	12.0	15.3
Brazil	35	15	25	0.6	0.6	0.9
Colombia	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
El Salvador	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Guyana	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	35	0	25	0.6	0.0	0.9
Peru	30	10	25	0.6	0.4	0.9
Trinidad and Tobago	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.5
United States of America	555	240	310	10.3	9.3	11.1
Other places of birth in Americas	35	20	15	0.6	0.8	0.5
Europe	2,410	1,200	1,215	44.6	46.3	43.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
France	45	25	25	0.8	1.0	0.9
Germany	305	155	155	5.6	6.0	5.5
Greece	20	15	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Hungary	35	20	15	0.6	0.8	0.5
Italy	180	85	90	3.3	3.3	3.2
Netherlands	145	75	75	2.7	2.9	2.7
Poland	55	25	30	1.0	1.0	1.1
Portugal	550	265	280	10.2	10.2	10.0
Romania	20	15	10	0.4	0.6	0.4
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	15	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Ukraine	40	20	15	0.7	0.8	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	630	310	320	11.7	12.0	11.4
Other places of birth in Europe	330	160	175	6.1	6.2	6.2
Africa	300	190	115	5.6	7.3	4.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	15	0	0.2	0.6	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	25	15	10	0.5	0.6	0.4
Somalia	40	40	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	140	65	70	2.6	2.5	2.5
Other places of birth in Africa	70	40	25	1.3	1.5	0.9
Asia	1,825	850	975	33.8	32.8	34.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	65	30	35	1.2	1.2	1.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	35	70	1.9	1.4	2.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	15	30	0.9	0.6	1.1
Korea, South⁹²	45	25	15	0.8	1.0	0.5
Taiwan	20	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.7
Philippines	525	210	315	9.7	8.1	11.2
Viet Nam	335	170	165	6.2	6.6	5.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	525	270	250	9.7	10.4	8.9
Pakistan	30	20	10	0.6	0.8	0.4
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	85	30	60	1.6	1.2	2.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	120	50	70	2.2	1.9	2.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	690	255	440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	85	15	65	12.3	5.9	14.8
Brazil	20	0	15	2.9	0.0	3.4
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	40	0	35	5.8	0.0	8.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15	3.6	3.9	3.4
Europe	85	35	50	12.3	13.7	11.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	0	10	2.2	0.0	2.3
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	15	10	2.9	5.9	2.3
Other places of birth in Europe	40	15	25	5.8	5.9	5.7
Africa	35	10	20	5.1	3.9	4.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	1.4	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10	2.2	0.0	2.3
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	470	190	280	68.1	74.5	63.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	1.4	0.0	2.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	140	80	60	20.3	31.4	13.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	15	10	10	2.2	3.9	2.3
Philippines	140	40	100	20.3	15.7	22.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	65	30	40	9.4	11.8	9.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	50	20	30	7.2	7.8	6.8
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	20	2.9	0.0	4.5
Oceania and other⁹³	20	0	20	2.9	0.0	4.5
Australia	20	0	20	2.9	0.0	4.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	55,265	28,260	27,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,620	3,305	3,325	12.0	11.7	12.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,550	3,775	3,775	13.7	13.4	14.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	41,090	21,185	19,900	74.4	75.0	73.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,985	1,390	1,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,375	730	650	46.1	52.5	40.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	640	380	260	21.4	27.3	16.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	735	345	390	24.6	24.8	24.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,245	430	810	41.7	30.9	50.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	355	235	125	11.9	16.9	7.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,985	1,390	1,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40	30	10	1.3	2.2	0.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	640	315	330	21.4	22.7	20.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	130	65	65	4.4	4.7	4.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	165	75	90	5.5	5.4	5.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,995	905	1,090	66.8	65.1	68.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	55,265	28,260	27,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,315	2,180	2,130	7.8	7.7	7.9
South Asian	1,555	910	650	2.8	3.2	2.4
Chinese	350	140	210	0.6	0.5	0.8
Black	295	150	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Filipino	750	320	425	1.4	1.1	1.6
Arab	135	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latin American	145	55	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Southeast Asian	590	290	305	1.1	1.0	1.1
West Asian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	195	105	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	130	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	50,950	26,080	24,870	92.2	92.3	92.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	55,265	28,260	27,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	5,345	2,810	2,535	9.7	9.9	9.4
English	10,270	5,120	5,145	18.6	18.1	19.1
Irish	6,970	3,415	3,555	12.6	12.1	13.2
Scottish	8,770	4,430	4,340	15.9	15.7	16.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,015	1,960	2,055	7.3	6.9	7.6
German	6,700	3,405	3,295	12.1	12.0	12.2
Chinese	505	210	300	0.9	0.7	1.1
Italian	1,725	875	855	3.1	3.1	3.2
Indian (India)	980	545	430	1.8	1.9	1.6
Ukrainian	2,040	1,000	1,035	3.7	3.5	3.8
Dutch	2,280	1,195	1,080	4.1	4.2	4.0
Polish	1,290	625	670	2.3	2.2	2.5
Québécois	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,415	755	660	2.6	2.7	2.4
Filipino	775	335	440	1.4	1.2	1.6
French Canadian	595	330	270	1.1	1.2	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	995	495	500	1.8	1.8	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,825	2,380	2,450	8.7	8.4	9.1
Métis	1,500	780	715	2.7	2.8	2.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,180	630	545	2.1	2.2	2.0
Russian	730	385	350	1.3	1.4	1.3
Norwegian	2,360	1,195	1,165	4.3	4.2	4.3
Welsh	1,015	500	510	1.8	1.8	1.9
Portuguese	1,930	995	935	3.5	3.5	3.5
American	715	345	370	1.3	1.2	1.4
Spanish	390	185	205	0.7	0.7	0.8
Swedish	1,135	565	575	2.1	2.0	2.1
Hungarian	375	190	180	0.7	0.7	0.7
Acadian	175	95	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jewish	135	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	205	140	65	0.4	0.5	0.2
Vietnamese	490	240	250	0.9	0.8	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	70	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Greek	155	60	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
Jamaican	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	555	270	285	1.0	1.0	1.1
Korean	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	250	120	130	0.5	0.4	0.5
Lebanese	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	585	245	340	1.1	0.9	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	915	490	425	1.7	1.7	1.6
Sikh	290	165	125	0.5	0.6	0.5
Austrian	500	235	265	0.9	0.8	1.0
Belgian	160	55	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
Haitian	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindu	135	100	40	0.2	0.4	0.1
Mexican	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	180	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
Swiss	355	165	190	0.6	0.6	0.7
Finnish	360	175	180	0.7	0.6	0.7
Sri Lankan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	125	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Japanese	335	160	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	145	65	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	390	210	180	0.7	0.7	0.7
Muslim	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	20	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	305	170	140	0.6	0.6	0.5
Colombian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	185	85	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Syrian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	190	100	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hong Konger	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkish	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	155	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	130	45	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ethiopian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	60	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	90	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albertan	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	205	110	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jatt	70	65	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Saskatchewanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	55,265	28,260	27,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	335	155	175	0.6	0.5	0.6
Christian	20,465	9,740	10,725	37.0	34.5	39.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,650	1,700	1,950	6.6	6.0	7.2
Anabaptist	135	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Anglican	3,120	1,470	1,650	5.6	5.2	6.1
Baptist	520	255	265	0.9	0.9	1.0
Catholic	6,675	3,260	3,415	12.1	11.5	12.6
Christian Orthodox	115	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	350	180	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
Latter Day Saints	115	45	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	520	275	250	0.9	1.0	0.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	635	310	325	1.1	1.1	1.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	780	365	415	1.4	1.3	1.5
Presbyterian	190	80	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Reformed	190	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
United Church	2,480	1,090	1,390	4.5	3.9	5.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	990	490	495	1.8	1.7	1.8
Hindu	355	230	130	0.6	0.8	0.5
Jewish	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Muslim	310	195	110	0.6	0.7	0.4
Sikh	830	460	370	1.5	1.6	1.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	740	380	365	1.3	1.3	1.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	660	295	370	1.2	1.0	1.4
No religion and secular perspectives	31,495	16,780	14,710	57.0	59.4	54.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	54,625	27,895	26,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	48,240	24,670	23,570	88.3	88.4	88.2
Movers	6,380	3,220	3,155	11.7	11.5	11.8
Non-migrants	3,990	2,000	1,990	7.3	7.2	7.4
Migrants	2,390	1,225	1,165	4.4	4.4	4.4
Internal migrants	2,090	1,095	995	3.8	3.9	3.7
Intraprovincial migrants	1,470	750	725	2.7	2.7	2.7
Interprovincial migrants	615	345	270	1.1	1.2	1.0
External migrants	300	130	170	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	52,195	26,620	25,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	31,980	16,350	15,630	61.3	61.4	61.1
Movers	20,210	10,270	9,940	38.7	38.6	38.9
Non-migrants	8,685	4,405	4,280	16.6	16.5	16.7
Migrants	11,525	5,860	5,665	22.1	22.0	22.2
Internal migrants	10,390	5,275	5,115	19.9	19.8	20.0
Intraprovincial migrants	7,960	4,020	3,945	15.3	15.1	15.4
Interprovincial migrants	2,430	1,255	1,175	4.7	4.7	4.6
External migrants	1,135	585	550	2.2	2.2	2.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	45,410	23,270	22,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,145	6,860	5,280	26.7	29.5	23.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	33,265	16,410	16,860	73.3	70.5	76.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	29,835	15,300	14,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,925	3,475	2,450	19.9	22.7	16.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	23,910	11,825	12,085	80.1	77.3	83.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	45,415	23,270	22,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,590	5,770	4,820	23.3	24.8	21.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,590	7,050	7,535	32.1	30.3	34.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,230	10,450	9,785	44.5	44.9	44.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,930	7,930	6,005	30.7	34.1	27.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,330	4,370	960	11.7	18.8	4.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,080	1,470	605	4.6	6.3	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,250	2,890	360	7.2	12.4	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,365	3,045	4,320	16.2	13.1	19.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,230	515	720	2.7	2.2	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,300	2,520	3,780	13.9	10.8	17.1
Bachelor's degree	4,160	1,640	2,520	9.2	7.0	11.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	490	175	310	1.1	0.8	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	245	145	100	0.5	0.6	0.5
Master's degree	1,255	495	765	2.8	2.1	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	145	60	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	29,830	15,295	14,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,970	2,790	2,175	16.7	18.2	15.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,495	4,730	4,760	31.8	30.9	32.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,370	7,775	7,590	51.5	50.8	52.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,265	5,795	4,475	34.4	37.9	30.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,810	3,160	650	12.8	20.7	4.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,545	1,130	410	5.2	7.4	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,270	2,035	240	7.6	13.3	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,570	2,265	3,310	18.7	14.8	22.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	875	370	510	2.9	2.4	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,110	1,985	3,120	17.1	13.0	21.5
Bachelor's degree	3,340	1,300	2,045	11.2	8.5	14.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	380	130	245	1.3	0.8	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	205	115	85	0.7	0.8	0.6
Master's degree	1,060	405	655	3.6	2.6	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	115	35	85	0.4	0.2	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	45,415	23,270	22,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,180	12,825	12,360	55.4	55.1	55.8
Education	1,650	415	1,240	3.6	1.8	5.6
13. Education	1,650	415	1,240	3.6	1.8	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	470	220	250	1.0	0.9	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	410	175	235	0.9	0.8	1.1
Humanities	875	445	435	1.9	1.9	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	10	65	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	100	25	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	410	210	195	0.9	0.9	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	95	30	0.3	0.4	0.1
54. History	95	60	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,525	390	1,135	3.4	1.7	5.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	95	25	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	460	0	455	1.0	0.0	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	150	50	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
42. Psychology	235	65	165	0.5	0.3	0.7
45. Social sciences	480	205	275	1.1	0.9	1.2
Business, management and public administration	3,455	1,065	2,390	7.6	4.6	10.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	560	105	455	1.2	0.5	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,890	955	1,935	6.4	4.1	8.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	630	310	315	1.4	1.3	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	280	115	170	0.6	0.5	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	180	90	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	130	85	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	285	170	115	0.6	0.7	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	210	130	80	0.5	0.6	0.4
25. Library science	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,635	5,235	400	12.4	22.5	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	395	335	65	0.9	1.4	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	975	865	110	2.1	3.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,875	1,790	80	4.1	7.7	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,580	1,520	55	3.5	6.5	0.2
48. Precision production	760	695	65	1.7	3.0	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	845	535	305	1.9	2.3	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	165	70	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	675	465	210	1.5	2.0	0.9
Health and related fields	3,020	505	2,515	6.6	2.2	11.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	145	80	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,810	405	2,405	6.2	1.7	10.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,830	1,155	675	4.0	5.0	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	955	380	570	2.1	1.6	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	215	170	40	0.5	0.7	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	655	600	55	1.4	2.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	29,830	15,300	14,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,460	7,520	6,940	48.5	49.2	47.7
Education	1,230	265	960	4.1	1.7	6.6
13. Education	1,230	265	960	4.1	1.7	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	375	175	200	1.3	1.1	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	35	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	330	140	190	1.1	0.9	1.3
Humanities	580	285	300	1.9	1.9	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	10	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	70	15	55	0.2	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	240	115	125	0.8	0.8	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	65	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
54. History	85	50	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,285	300	985	4.3	2.0	6.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	20	60	0.3	0.1	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	60	15	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	395	0	390	1.3	0.0	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	130	35	95	0.4	0.2	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
42. Psychology	185	50	135	0.6	0.3	0.9
45. Social sciences	405	160	245	1.4	1.0	1.7
Business, management and public administration	2,805	875	1,930	9.4	5.7	13.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	475	85	390	1.6	0.6	2.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,325	785	1,540	7.8	5.1	10.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	465	210	255	1.6	1.4	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	240	90	150	0.8	0.6	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	100	65	40	0.3	0.4	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	255	160	95	0.9	1.0	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	195	120	70	0.7	0.8	0.5
25. Library science	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,015	3,715	295	13.5	24.3	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	315	260	50	1.1	1.7	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	675	600	75	2.3	3.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,390	1,315	75	4.7	8.6	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,090	1,060	30	3.7	6.9	0.2
48. Precision production	500	460	40	1.7	3.0	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	690	430	255	2.3	2.8	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	125	60	70	0.4	0.4	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	565	370	195	1.9	2.4	1.3
Health and related fields	2,190	395	1,795	7.3	2.6	12.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	95	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,045	330	1,715	6.9	2.2	11.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,470	960	520	4.9	6.3	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	745	320	430	2.5	2.1	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	175	135	35	0.6	0.9	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	545	500	50	1.8	3.3	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	29,830	15,300	14,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,460	7,520	6,940	48.5	49.2	47.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	15,370	7,775	7,595	51.5	50.8	52.3
Location of study inside Canada	13,860	7,055	6,805	46.5	46.1	46.8
Same as province or territory of residence	11,260	5,735	5,525	37.7	37.5	38.0
Different than province or territory of residence	2,600	1,320	1,285	8.7	8.6	8.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,510	720	790	5.1	4.7	5.4
Americas	370	165	205	1.2	1.1	1.4
United States of America	305	155	155	1.0	1.0	1.1
Mexico	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	340	185	155	1.1	1.2	1.1
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130	75	55	0.4	0.5	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Africa	135	80	55	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	100	55	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	585	260	325	2.0	1.7	2.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	200	75	125	0.7	0.5	0.9
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	270	130	135	0.9	0.8	0.9
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	75	35	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Australia	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	45,415	23,270	22,140	...	...	...
In the labour force	28,480	15,335	13,145	...	...	...
Employed	25,610	13,680	11,930	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,870	1,650	1,215	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	16,935	7,940	9,000	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.7	65.9	59.4	62.7	65.9	59.4
Employment rate	56.4	58.8	53.9	56.4	58.8	53.9
Unemployment rate	10.1	10.8	9.2	10.1	10.8	9.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	45,415	23,275	22,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	16,795	7,950	8,845	37.0	34.2	39.9
Worked	28,620	15,320	13,300	63.0	65.8	60.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	14,665	8,340	6,325	32.3	35.8	28.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	13,955	6,980	6,970	30.7	30.0	31.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	40.9	40.2	40.6	40.9	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	28,475	15,335	13,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	740	420	325	2.6	2.7	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	27,740	14,915	12,820	97.4	97.3	97.5
Employee	24,460	13,015	11,445	85.9	84.9	87.1
Permanent position	19,865	10,620	9,245	69.8	69.3	70.3
Temporary position	4,595	2,390	2,205	16.1	15.6	16.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,265	580	680	4.4	3.8	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,330	1,805	1,525	11.7	11.8	11.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,275	1,900	1,380	11.5	12.4	10.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	28,475	15,335	13,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	740	420	325	2.6	2.7	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	27,740	14,915	12,820	97.4	97.3	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	255	160	95	0.9	1.0	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,545	795	2,750	12.4	5.2	20.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,425	1,035	395	5.0	6.7	3.0
3 Health occupations	2,020	365	1,660	7.1	2.4	12.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,840	1,180	2,660	13.5	7.7	20.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	645	220	425	2.3	1.4	3.2
6 Sales and service occupations	6,360	2,605	3,760	22.3	17.0	28.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,150	6,445	700	25.1	42.0	5.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,190	980	205	4.2	6.4	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,305	1,135	170	4.6	7.4	1.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	28,475	15,335	13,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	740	420	325	2.6	2.7	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	27,740	14,915	12,820	97.4	97.3	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,245	1,020	225	4.4	6.7	1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	615	470	145	2.2	3.1	1.1
22 Utilities	245	205	35	0.9	1.3	0.3
23 Construction	2,740	2,320	415	9.6	15.1	3.2
31-33 Manufacturing	1,715	1,415	305	6.0	9.2	2.3
41 Wholesale trade	480	350	130	1.7	2.3	1.0
44-45 Retail trade	3,040	1,460	1,575	10.7	9.5	12.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,680	2,020	655	9.4	13.2	5.0
51 Information and cultural industries	305	160	145	1.1	1.0	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	530	130	400	1.9	0.8	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	300	140	165	1.1	0.9	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,155	630	530	4.1	4.1	4.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,070	665	410	3.8	4.3	3.1
61 Educational services	2,280	650	1,635	8.0	4.2	12.4
62 Health care and social assistance	3,695	630	3,060	13.0	4.1	23.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	585	250	330	2.1	1.6	2.5
72 Accommodation and food services	1,625	665	955	5.7	4.3	7.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,070	500	575	3.8	3.3	4.4
91 Public administration	2,335	1,225	1,115	8.2	8.0	8.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	30,905	16,490	14,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	29,875	16,035	13,840	96.7	97.2	96.0
French	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	160	85	70	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	140	80	60	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and French	270	130	135	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	565	235	335	1.8	1.4	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	30,905	16,490	14,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	30,810	16,435	14,370	99.7	99.7	99.7
Official languages	30,580	16,330	14,250	98.9	99.0	98.9
English	30,500	16,310	14,190	98.7	98.9	98.5
French	75	20	60	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	230	105	120	0.7	0.6	0.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nisga'a	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tsimshian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	185	90	90	0.6	0.5	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	70	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	70	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	95	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	30,905	16,490	14,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	30,145	16,170	13,975	97.5	98.1	97.0
English	125	40	85	0.4	0.2	0.6
French	195	100	95	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	415	175	245	1.3	1.1	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	265	100	170	0.9	0.6	1.2
Non-Indigenous	150	75	75	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	25,610	13,680	11,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,475	1,045	1,430	9.7	7.6	12.0
Worked outside Canada	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,210	3,215	995	16.4	23.5	8.3
Usual place of work	18,915	9,415	9,495	73.9	68.8	79.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	18,915	9,410	9,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,265	6,490	6,770	70.1	69.0	71.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,325	2,170	2,150	22.9	23.1	22.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,240	695	545	6.6	7.4	5.7
Commute to a different province or territory	85	55	25	0.4	0.6	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	23,130	12,630	10,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	20,125	11,070	9,055	87.0	87.6	86.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	18,095	10,030	8,065	78.2	79.4	76.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,030	1,040	990	8.8	8.2	9.4
Public transit	505	320	185	2.2	2.5	1.8
Walked	1,805	805	995	7.8	6.4	9.5
Bicycle	285	170	120	1.2	1.3	1.1
Other method	405	260	145	1.8	2.1	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	23,130	12,630	10,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,950	7,315	7,635	64.6	57.9	72.7
15 to 29 minutes	5,325	3,270	2,055	23.0	25.9	19.6
30 to 44 minutes	1,080	695	385	4.7	5.5	3.7
45 to 59 minutes	620	445	175	2.7	3.5	1.7
60 minutes and over	1,155	915	235	5.0	7.2	2.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	23,130	12,630	10,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,655	1,300	360	7.2	10.3	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,200	2,220	980	13.8	17.6	9.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,530	3,230	2,300	23.9	25.6	21.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,775	2,785	3,990	29.3	22.1	38.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,685	1,035	1,655	11.6	8.2	15.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,285	2,065	1,220	14.2	16.3	11.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	12,055	6,130	5,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	775	395	385	6.4	6.4	6.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,280	5,735	5,545	93.6	93.6	93.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	8,750	4,420	4,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	580	295	285	6.6	6.7	6.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	260	140	125	3.0	3.2	2.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	325	155	165	3.7	3.5	3.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,160	4,125	4,035	93.3	93.3	93.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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