Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	KootenayMore information: British Columbia [Economic region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	161,557	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	151,403	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	86,517	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	71,460	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	57,672.96	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	161,555	80,685	80,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23,175	11,865	11,310	14.3	14.7	14.0
0 to 4 years	6,505	3,280	3,225	4.0	4.1	4.0
5 to 9 years	8,060	4,150	3,905	5.0	5.1	4.8
10 to 14 years	8,610	4,435	4,175	5.3	5.5	5.2
15 to 64 years	98,045	48,990	49,050	60.7	60.7	60.7
15 to 19 years	7,570	3,915	3,655	4.7	4.9	4.5
20 to 24 years	6,590	3,530	3,060	4.1	4.4	3.8
25 to 29 years	8,120	4,135	3,985	5.0	5.1	4.9
30 to 34 years	9,550	4,710	4,840	5.9	5.8	6.0
35 to 39 years	10,510	5,255	5,250	6.5	6.5	6.5
40 to 44 years	9,930	4,975	4,960	6.1	6.2	6.1
45 to 49 years	9,715	4,905	4,810	6.0	6.1	5.9
50 to 54 years	9,920	4,935	4,985	6.1	6.1	6.2
55 to 59 years	11,995	5,760	6,235	7.4	7.1	7.7
60 to 64 years	14,145	6,870	7,275	8.8	8.5	9.0
65 years and over	40,340	19,830	20,510	25.0	24.6	25.4
65 to 69 years	13,590	6,880	6,705	8.4	8.5	8.3
70 to 74 years	11,260	5,670	5,585	7.0	7.0	6.9
75 to 79 years	7,065	3,535	3,530	4.4	4.4	4.4
80 to 84 years	4,485	2,110	2,375	2.8	2.6	2.9
85 years and over	3,945	1,635	2,315	2.4	2.0	2.9
85 to 89 years	2,550	1,115	1,435	1.6	1.4	1.8
90 to 94 years	1,100	430	670	0.7	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	265	85	175	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.3	14.7	14.0	14.3	14.7	14.0
15 to 64 years	60.7	60.7	60.7	60.7	60.7	60.7
65 years and over	25.0	24.6	25.4	25.0	24.6	25.4
85 years and over	2.4	2.0	2.9	2.4	2.0	2.9
Average age of the population	45.6	45.1	46.2	45.6	45.1	46.2
Median age of the population	47.6	46.8	48.4	47.6	46.8	48.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	71,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	52,770	...	...	73.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,205	...	...	3.1	...	...
Row house	2,640	...	...	3.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,195	...	...	3.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,685	...	...	9.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	380	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	4,545	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	71,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	22,000	...	...	30.8	...	...
2 persons	29,180	...	...	40.8	...	...
3 persons	9,000	...	...	12.6	...	...
4 persons	7,550	...	...	10.6	...	...
5 or more persons	3,730	...	...	5.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	158,000	79,130	78,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	138,385	68,820	69,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	83,740	41,835	41,905	60.5	60.8	60.2
Married	64,550	32,280	32,275	46.6	46.9	46.4
Living common-law	19,185	9,555	9,630	13.9	13.9	13.8
Living common law - Never married	13,215	6,660	6,560	9.5	9.7	9.4
Living common law - Separated	895	430	465	0.6	0.6	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	4,475	2,250	2,225	3.2	3.3	3.2
Living common law - Widowed	600	215	380	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	54,640	26,985	27,655	39.5	39.2	39.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	32,120	18,360	13,760	23.2	26.7	19.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,110	1,930	2,180	3.0	2.8	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	10,085	4,670	5,415	7.3	6.8	7.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,320	2,015	6,305	6.0	2.9	9.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	47,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	29,585	...	...	62.5	...	...
3 persons	8,150	...	...	17.2	...	...
4 persons	6,985	...	...	14.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,620	...	...	5.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	47,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	40,945	...	...	86.5	...	...
Married couples	31,350	...	...	66.2	...	...
With children⁶	12,110	...	...	25.6	...	...
Without children	19,240	...	...	40.7	...	...
Common-law couples	9,595	...	...	20.3	...	...
With children⁶	3,315	...	...	7.0	...	...
Without children	6,280	...	...	13.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,385	...	...	13.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,620	...	...	9.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,765	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	158,000	79,130	78,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	125,560	62,680	62,885	79.5	79.2	79.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	81,890	40,865	41,020	51.8	51.6	52.0
Parents in one-parent families	6,385	1,770	4,620	4.0	2.2	5.9
Children⁶	37,285	20,045	17,245	23.6	25.3	21.9
In a two-parent family	27,740	14,835	12,905	17.6	18.7	16.4
In a one-parent family	9,550	5,210	4,340	6.0	6.6	5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	32,440	16,445	15,990	20.5	20.8	20.3
Living alone	22,000	10,945	11,050	13.9	13.8	14.0
Living with other relatives⁷	2,625	1,195	1,425	1.7	1.5	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	7,820	4,300	3,515	4.9	5.4	4.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	71,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	42,815	...	...	59.9	...	...
Couple-family households	37,725	...	...	52.8	...	...
With children⁶	14,160	...	...	19.8	...	...
Without children	23,570	...	...	33.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,085	...	...	7.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,025	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	390	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,185	...	...	3.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,040	...	...	4.3	...	...
One-person households	22,000	...	...	30.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	134,895	67,295	67,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	131,805	65,875	65,930	97.7	97.9	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	47,600	33,600	39,600	47,600	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	131,850	65,900	65,950	97.7	97.9	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,800	31,200	36,400	42,800	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	118,940	60,435	58,505	88.2	89.8	86.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	40,800	24,000	31,600	40,800	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,450	47,575	42,880	67.1	70.7	63.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	42,400	26,200	33,200	42,400	26,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	110,075	52,250	57,825	81.6	77.6	85.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,200	12,400	12,100	12,200	12,400	12,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,340	6,815	6,520	9.9	10.1	9.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,720	5,520	5,640	5,720	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,465	14,905	16,565	23.3	22.1	24.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	134,895	67,290	67,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	131,990	66,070	65,915	97.8	98.2	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,440	59,750	41,120	50,440	59,750	41,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	132,040	66,100	65,940	97.9	98.2	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,240	50,240	36,240	43,240	50,240	36,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	119,190	60,670	58,520	88.4	90.2	86.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,600	54,750	34,080	44,600	54,750	34,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,455	47,705	42,750	67.1	70.9	63.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,480	54,700	35,200	45,480	54,700	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	110,175	52,420	57,755	81.7	77.9	85.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,190	11,970	12,390	12,190	11,970	12,390
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,095	6,725	6,375	9.7	10.0	9.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,730	6,540	6,930	6,730	6,540	6,930
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,180	14,795	16,385	23.1	22.0	24.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,660	8,410	8,890	8,660	8,410	8,890
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	134,895	67,290	67,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,165	21,260	14,905	26.8	31.6	22.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	76,500	53,600	65,000	76,500	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,700	81,900	59,550	72,700	81,900	59,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	40,630	18,970	21,660	30.1	28.2	32.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	24,600	17,200	19,800	24,600	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,520	39,320	24,640	31,520	39,320	24,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.8	84.2	73.6	79.8	84.2	73.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.8	66.2	55.5	61.8	66.2	55.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.2	15.9	26.4	20.2	15.9	26.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.0	7.0	5.2	4.0	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.2	5.4	4.1	3.2	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	134,900	67,290	67,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,095	1,415	1,675	2.3	2.1	2.5
With total income	131,805	65,875	65,925	97.7	97.9	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,825	4,280	6,545	8.2	6.5	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	16,050	6,105	9,945	12.2	9.3	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	21,890	9,200	12,690	16.6	14.0	19.2
$30,000 to $39,999	18,025	7,930	10,095	13.7	12.0	15.3
$40,000 to $49,999	14,980	7,070	7,905	11.4	10.7	12.0
$50,000 to $59,999	11,760	5,975	5,780	8.9	9.1	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	8,485	4,730	3,755	6.4	7.2	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	6,685	4,100	2,585	5.1	6.2	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	4,885	3,115	1,770	3.7	4.7	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	4,260	2,765	1,500	3.2	4.2	2.3
$100,000 and over	13,975	10,610	3,370	10.6	16.1	5.1
$100,000 to $149,999	10,310	7,715	2,590	7.8	11.7	3.9
$150,000 and over	3,670	2,890	780	2.8	4.4	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	134,900	67,290	67,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,050	1,395	1,650	2.3	2.1	2.4
With after-tax income	131,850	65,895	65,950	97.7	97.9	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,375	4,455	6,915	8.6	6.8	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	16,615	6,340	10,280	12.6	9.6	15.6
$20,000 to $29,999	24,710	10,440	14,270	18.7	15.8	21.6
$30,000 to $39,999	20,475	9,215	11,255	15.5	14.0	17.1
$40,000 to $49,999	16,555	8,230	8,325	12.6	12.5	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	11,830	6,450	5,385	9.0	9.8	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	8,545	5,260	3,285	6.5	8.0	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	6,230	4,015	2,215	4.7	6.1	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	5,375	3,685	1,695	4.1	5.6	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,615	2,755	865	2.7	4.2	1.3
$100,000 and over	6,515	5,055	1,460	4.9	7.7	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	3,700	2,875	830	2.8	4.4	1.3
$125,000 and over	2,815	2,185	630	2.1	3.3	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	134,900	67,290	67,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	44,440	19,720	24,720	32.9	29.3	36.6
With employment income	90,455	47,570	42,880	67.1	70.7	63.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	15,420	7,755	7,670	17.0	16.3	17.9
$5,000 to $9,999	7,220	3,005	4,215	8.0	6.3	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	11,070	4,780	6,285	12.2	10.0	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	8,765	3,760	5,010	9.7	7.9	11.7
$30,000 to $39,999	8,140	3,595	4,550	9.0	7.6	10.6
$40,000 to $49,999	7,085	3,345	3,745	7.8	7.0	8.7
$50,000 to $59,999	6,090	2,900	3,185	6.7	6.1	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	4,965	2,850	2,110	5.5	6.0	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,210	2,660	1,550	4.7	5.6	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,395	2,180	1,215	3.8	4.6	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	3,210	2,115	1,100	3.5	4.4	2.6
$100,000 and over	10,880	8,630	2,245	12.0	18.1	5.2
$100,000 to $124,999	6,005	4,565	1,440	6.6	9.6	3.4
$125,000 and over	4,870	4,065	805	5.4	8.5	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	134,895	67,295	67,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	129,080	64,470	64,610	95.7	95.8	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	47,200	30,200	37,200	47,200	30,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	129,435	64,510	64,920	96.0	95.9	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	42,000	27,800	34,000	42,000	27,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	118,085	59,975	58,115	87.5	89.1	86.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	42,800	25,200	32,800	42,800	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,665	49,305	45,355	70.2	73.3	67.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	42,400	25,600	32,000	42,400	25,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,300	41,825	50,475	68.4	62.2	74.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	10,000	8,700	9,200	10,000	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,420	5,835	5,590	8.5	8.7	8.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,800	5,440	5,640	5,800	5,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	134,895	67,290	67,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	129,250	64,560	64,690	95.8	95.9	95.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,400	60,350	38,480	49,400	60,350	38,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	129,550	64,580	64,970	96.0	96.0	96.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,560	49,800	33,360	41,560	49,800	33,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	118,400	60,245	58,160	87.8	89.5	86.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,200	57,550	34,440	46,200	57,550	34,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,745	49,565	45,185	70.2	73.7	66.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,320	55,850	33,800	45,320	55,850	33,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,290	41,615	50,680	68.4	61.8	75.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,930	10,320	9,610	9,930	10,320	9,610
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,295	5,730	5,565	8.4	8.5	8.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,840	6,560	7,130	6,840	6,560	7,130
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	134,895	67,290	67,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,890	21,110	14,780	26.6	31.4	21.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	74,000	48,800	60,800	74,000	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,500	81,300	55,100	70,500	81,300	55,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	38,685	18,110	20,585	28.7	26.9	30.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	30,800	21,800	25,400	30,800	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,040	47,120	28,160	37,040	47,120	28,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.6	89.0	80.4	85.6	89.0	80.4
Employment income (%)	67.2	71.0	61.4	67.2	71.0	61.4
Government transfers (%)	14.4	11.0	19.6	14.4	11.0	19.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.2	1.0	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	71,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	22,000	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	49,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	71,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,200	...	...	93,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,900	...	...	79,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	21,995	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,520	...	...	49,520	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	42,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	49,470	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,600	...	...	112,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,400	...	...	96,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	71,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	590	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	335	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	700	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,685	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,520	...	...	4.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,665	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,640	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,040	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,125	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,065	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,845	...	...	8.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,360	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,705	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,280	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,075	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	25,835	...	...	36.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,250	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,030	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,720	...	...	9.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,840	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	71,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	675	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	360	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	745	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,725	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,700	...	...	5.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,055	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,010	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,450	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,560	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,505	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,600	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,840	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,515	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,065	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,400	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,250	...	...	28.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,345	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,185	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,720	...	...	9.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	47,080	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	24,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,575	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,040	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	29,815	15,250	14,565	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	40,000	34,400	36,800	40,000	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	36,400	32,000	34,000	36,400	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	47,105	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,900	...	...	111,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,600	...	...	95,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	24,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,100	...	...	99,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,100	...	...	85,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,660	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	146,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,900	...	...	122,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,945	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,300	...	...	75,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,400	...	...	67,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	29,720	15,150	14,565	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,720	51,120	42,120	46,720	51,120	42,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,600	43,520	37,560	40,600	43,520	37,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	158,000	79,125	78,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,880	14,290	13,590	17.6	18.1	17.2
0 to 5 years	8,040	4,060	3,980	5.1	5.1	5.0
18 to 64 years	91,920	45,750	46,165	58.2	57.8	58.5
65 years and over	38,205	19,085	19,125	24.2	24.1	24.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	17,550	8,280	9,265	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,030	1,520	1,505	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	900	445	455	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,820	4,305	4,515	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,700	2,450	3,250	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.1	10.5	11.8	11.1	10.5	11.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.9	10.6	11.1	10.9	10.6	11.1
0 to 5 years (%)	11.2	10.9	11.4	11.2	10.9	11.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.4	9.8	9.6	9.4	9.8
65 years and over (%)	14.9	12.9	17.0	14.9	12.9	17.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	157,185	78,735	78,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,720	14,210	13,505	17.6	18.0	17.2
0 to 5 years	7,995	4,035	3,955	5.1	5.1	5.0
18 to 64 years	91,375	45,490	45,885	58.1	57.8	58.5
65 years and over	38,090	19,030	19,060	24.2	24.2	24.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,330	2,250	2,080	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	705	350	360	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	170	90	80	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,165	1,680	1,480	...	...	...
65 years and over	465	225	240	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.8	2.9	2.7
0 to 17 years (%)	2.6	2.5	2.7	2.6	2.5	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.1
18 to 64 years (%)	3.5	3.7	3.2	3.5	3.7	3.2
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	158,000	79,125	78,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	82,105	39,845	42,265	52.0	50.4	53.6
In bottom decile	16,210	7,825	8,380	10.3	9.9	10.6
In second decile	16,935	7,910	9,025	10.7	10.0	11.4
In third decile	16,495	7,985	8,510	10.4	10.1	10.8
In fourth decile	16,305	8,020	8,280	10.3	10.1	10.5
In fifth decile	16,165	8,090	8,070	10.2	10.2	10.2
In top half of the distribution	75,895	39,285	36,610	48.0	49.6	46.4
In sixth decile	15,870	8,065	7,800	10.0	10.2	9.9
In seventh decile	15,485	7,880	7,610	9.8	10.0	9.6
In eighth decile	15,595	8,065	7,530	9.9	10.2	9.5
In ninth decile	16,075	8,445	7,635	10.2	10.7	9.7
In top decile	12,870	6,835	6,040	8.1	8.6	7.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	158,000	...	...	158,000	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.312	...	...	0.312	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.434	...	...	0.434	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276	...	...	0.276	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	159,765	80,015	79,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	149,345	75,345	74,005	93.5	94.2	92.8
French only	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	10,145	4,555	5,585	6.3	5.7	7.0
Neither English nor French	220	95	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	159,765	80,015	79,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	156,805	78,605	78,200	98.1	98.2	98.1
French	2,600	1,265	1,340	1.6	1.6	1.7
English and French	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	190	75	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	159,765	80,015	79,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	157,490	78,975	78,515	98.6	98.7	98.5
Official languages	146,650	74,005	72,640	91.8	92.5	91.1
English	143,880	72,665	71,215	90.1	90.8	89.3
French	2,765	1,345	1,425	1.7	1.7	1.8
Non-official languages	10,840	4,965	5,870	6.8	6.2	7.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,780	4,945	5,835	6.7	6.2	7.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	75	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	635	190	445	0.4	0.2	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	530	160	370	0.3	0.2	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	155	100	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	120	80	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,595	4,060	4,535	5.4	5.1	5.7
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,655	1,185	1,470	1.7	1.5	1.8
Baltic languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,610	1,165	1,440	1.6	1.5	1.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	230	110	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	290	130	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	1,630	700	930	1.0	0.9	1.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	200	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,255	1,545	1,715	2.0	1.9	2.2
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,195	1,025	1,170	1.4	1.3	1.5
German	2,030	940	1,090	1.3	1.2	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	160	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	835	415	420	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	565	285	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	220	100	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	95	40	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	80	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,060	580	475	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,005	555	450	0.6	0.7	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	155	95	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	715	395	320	0.4	0.5	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,560	720	840	1.0	0.9	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	755	370	390	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	260	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	475	190	285	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	170	50	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	210	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	480	215	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	445	200	245	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	195	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	230	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	20	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	10	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	260	115	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,275	1,035	1,240	1.4	1.3	1.6
English and French	650	310	340	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,455	655	805	0.9	0.8	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	159,765	80,015	79,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	149,285	75,175	74,110	93.4	94.0	92.9
French	565	285	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	1,260	615	650	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,260	610	650	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	1,605	735	870	1.0	0.9	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	6,665	3,035	3,635	4.2	3.8	4.6
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	265	115	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	159,765	80,015	79,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	158,440	79,415	79,025	99.2	99.3	99.1
Official languages	155,600	78,035	77,560	97.4	97.5	97.3
English	154,780	77,640	77,140	96.9	97.0	96.7
French	815	395	420	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	2,840	1,380	1,465	1.8	1.7	1.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,835	1,375	1,460	1.8	1.7	1.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	235	90	140	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	220	85	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,900	945	955	1.2	1.2	1.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	345	165	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	340	165	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	480	230	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	290	140	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	255	115	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	75	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dutch	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	695	375	325	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	675	365	310	0.4	0.5	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	505	270	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	365	170	200	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	170	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	250	115	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	220	110	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,325	600	725	0.8	0.7	0.9
English and French	280	120	160	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,020	470	550	0.6	0.6	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	159,765	80,010	79,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	152,260	76,575	75,680	95.3	95.7	94.9
English	1,495	705	795	0.9	0.9	1.0
French	1,135	535	600	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	4,140	1,845	2,295	2.6	2.3	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	4,020	1,795	2,225	2.5	2.2	2.8
English and French	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	220	110	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	195	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	305	145	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	158,000	79,125	78,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	157,795	79,035	78,760	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	157,740	79,005	78,735	99.8	99.8	99.8
French	10,075	4,335	5,750	6.4	5.5	7.3
Non-official languages	17,155	7,830	9,320	10.9	9.9	11.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	260	110	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	180	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Michif	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,905	7,735	9,170	10.7	9.8	11.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	165	100	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	165	100	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	40	40	0.0	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	975	335	645	0.6	0.4	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	915	320	595	0.6	0.4	0.8
Waray-Waray	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	170	120	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	110	85	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,565	6,335	7,230	8.6	8.0	9.2
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,300	1,470	1,825	2.1	1.9	2.3
Baltic languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,270	1,455	1,805	2.1	1.8	2.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	295	125	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	365	180	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	2,200	945	1,255	1.4	1.2	1.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	190	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	300	140	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,585	2,220	2,365	2.9	2.8	3.0
Frisian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,235	1,610	1,630	2.0	2.0	2.1
German	3,145	1,585	1,560	2.0	2.0	2.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	210	90	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,155	560	590	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	360	160	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	760	390	370	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	360	155	200	0.2	0.2	0.3
Danish	100	30	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,550	865	685	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,475	825	650	0.9	1.0	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	825	490	335	0.5	0.6	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	35	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,110	595	515	0.7	0.8	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	75	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	75	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	65	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,615	2,000	2,615	2.9	2.5	3.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,150	505	640	0.7	0.6	0.8
Portuguese	340	175	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	3,265	1,350	1,915	2.1	1.7	2.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	440	205	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	235	115	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	250	70	170	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	200	50	150	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	750	340	410	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	720	330	385	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	445	200	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	345	160	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	105	30	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	380	180	200	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	240	100	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	158,000	79,125	78,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	11,690	5,755	5,940	7.4	7.3	7.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	11,300	5,560	5,745	7.2	7.0	7.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,690	2,205	2,490	3.0	2.8	3.2
Métis	6,490	3,285	3,200	4.1	4.2	4.1
Inuk (Inuit)	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	220	120	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	165	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	146,310	73,380	72,940	92.6	92.7	92.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	158,000	79,125	78,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,650	1,245	1,410	1.7	1.6	1.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	155,350	77,885	77,470	98.3	98.4	98.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	71,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	56,080	...	...	78.5	...	...
Renter	15,295	...	...	21.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	85	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	71,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,980	...	...	7.0	...	...
Not condominium	66,475	...	...	93.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	71,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	380	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	6,815	...	...	9.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	18,825	...	...	26.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	25,080	...	...	35.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	20,360	...	...	28.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	71,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	16,145	...	...	22.6	...	...
5 rooms	11,535	...	...	16.1	...	...
6 rooms	11,495	...	...	16.1	...	...
7 rooms	9,585	...	...	13.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	22,695	...	...	31.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	71,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	70,875	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	585	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	71,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	69,385	...	...	97.1	...	...
Not suitable	2,070	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	71,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	17,660	...	...	24.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	23,190	...	...	32.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,465	...	...	10.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	9,650	...	...	13.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,995	...	...	4.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,465	...	...	6.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,970	...	...	4.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,070	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	71,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	65,845	...	...	92.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	5,615	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	71,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	36,415	...	...	51.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	32,520	...	...	45.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,515	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	71,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,350	...	...	1.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,765	...	...	10.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,965	...	...	15.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	11,130	...	...	15.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	15,190	...	...	21.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	15,390	...	...	21.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,165	...	...	10.0	...	...
85 years and over	2,505	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	70,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	59,710	...	...	84.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,625	...	...	15.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,660	...	...	13.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	71,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	16,745	...	...	23.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,360	...	...	13.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,615	...	...	2.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	4,255	...	...	6.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	160	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,070	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	255	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	54,715	...	...	76.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	69,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,705	...	...	8.2	...	...
Not in core need	63,660	...	...	91.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	55,275	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.6	...	...	51.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.8	...	...	10.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	820	...	...	820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,095	...	...	1,095	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	460,400	...	...	460,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,190	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.1	...	...	12.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.6	...	...	30.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.0	...	...	18.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,048	...	...	1,048	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	85	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	376	...	...	376	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	460	...	...	460	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	158,000	79,125	78,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,815	1,395	1,415	1.8	1.8	1.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,720	1,350	1,365	1.7	1.7	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,675	775	905	1.1	1.0	1.1
Métis single ancestry	1,020	570	455	0.6	0.7	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10,080	4,955	5,125	6.4	6.3	6.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	9,815	4,810	5,000	6.2	6.1	6.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,715	2,795	2,920	3.6	3.5	3.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,965	1,955	2,015	2.5	2.5	2.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	270	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	260	140	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	145,105	72,775	72,330	91.8	92.0	91.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	158,005	79,130	78,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	151,375	76,065	75,310	95.8	96.1	95.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	27,420	14,050	13,375	17.4	17.8	17.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	123,950	62,015	61,935	78.4	78.4	78.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,625	3,060	3,565	4.2	3.9	4.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	158,005	79,130	78,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	139,985	70,565	69,420	88.6	89.2	88.0
Immigrants⁸¹	15,950	7,450	8,495	10.1	9.4	10.8
Before 1980	7,065	3,510	3,560	4.5	4.4	4.5
1980 to 1990	1,690	690	990	1.1	0.9	1.3
1991 to 2000	1,550	605	945	1.0	0.8	1.2
2001 to 2010	2,255	1,050	1,205	1.4	1.3	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,390	1,595	1,795	2.1	2.0	2.3
2011 to 2015	1,385	645	740	0.9	0.8	0.9
2016 to 2021	2,000	945	1,050	1.3	1.2	1.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,065	1,105	955	1.3	1.4	1.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	15,950	7,455	8,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,960	1,075	890	12.3	14.4	10.5
5 to 14 years	2,805	1,350	1,460	17.6	18.1	17.2
15 to 24 years	3,180	1,475	1,700	19.9	19.8	20.0
25 to 44 years	6,825	2,985	3,835	42.8	40.0	45.1
45 years and over	1,175	570	605	7.4	7.6	7.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	15,950	7,455	8,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,910	1,585	2,325	24.5	21.3	27.4
Brazil	55	20	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Colombia	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
El Salvador	25	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Guyana	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	200	85	120	1.3	1.1	1.4
Mexico	145	40	105	0.9	0.5	1.2
Peru	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	30	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
United States of America	3,125	1,295	1,830	19.6	17.4	21.5
Other places of birth in Americas	250	80	170	1.6	1.1	2.0
Europe	8,450	4,280	4,175	53.0	57.4	49.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Croatia	85	45	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
France	200	95	100	1.3	1.3	1.2
Germany	1,335	665	670	8.4	8.9	7.9
Greece	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hungary	140	60	85	0.9	0.8	1.0
Italy	470	240	230	2.9	3.2	2.7
Netherlands	560	325	235	3.5	4.4	2.8
Poland	225	90	140	1.4	1.2	1.6
Portugal	125	60	65	0.8	0.8	0.8
Romania	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Russian Federation	135	45	90	0.8	0.6	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
Ukraine	120	45	70	0.8	0.6	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,595	1,895	1,700	22.5	25.4	20.0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,300	630	675	8.2	8.5	7.9
Africa	605	305	300	3.8	4.1	3.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	65	35	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	370	175	190	2.3	2.3	2.2
Other places of birth in Africa	150	75	70	0.9	1.0	0.8
Asia	2,115	830	1,285	13.3	11.1	15.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	60	35	20	0.4	0.5	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	235	110	125	1.5	1.5	1.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	70	45	25	0.4	0.6	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	145	80	65	0.9	1.1	0.8
Taiwan	80	25	50	0.5	0.3	0.6
Philippines	710	200	510	4.5	2.7	6.0
Viet Nam	25	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
India	310	150	160	1.9	2.0	1.9
Pakistan	35	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Sri Lanka	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	405	135	270	2.5	1.8	3.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	865	450	410	5.4	6.0	4.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,000	945	1,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	600	275	330	30.0	29.1	31.3
Brazil	25	10	15	1.3	1.1	1.4
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	155	75	85	7.8	7.9	8.1
Mexico	45	20	25	2.3	2.1	2.4
United States of America	330	165	170	16.5	17.5	16.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
Other places of birth in Americas	30	10	25	1.5	1.1	2.4
Europe	540	270	275	27.0	28.6	26.1
France	55	15	35	2.8	1.6	3.3
Germany	30	10	20	1.5	1.1	1.9
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	305	165	135	15.3	17.5	12.8
Other places of birth in Europe	135	65	70	6.8	6.9	6.6
Africa	45	20	25	2.3	2.1	2.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	30	20	15	1.5	2.1	1.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	545	235	315	27.3	24.9	29.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	20	1.5	1.1	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	190	105	85	9.5	11.1	8.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	265	100	160	13.3	10.6	15.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	10	30	1.8	1.1	2.8
Oceania and other⁹³	260	145	120	13.0	15.3	11.4
Australia	245	145	100	12.3	15.3	9.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	0	15	1.0	0.0	1.4
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	158,000	79,125	78,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	19,785	9,455	10,330	12.5	11.9	13.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	26,890	13,270	13,620	17.0	16.8	17.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	111,320	56,400	54,920	70.5	71.3	69.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	8,885	3,945	4,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,725	2,335	2,390	53.2	59.2	48.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,280	1,395	875	25.7	35.4	17.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,455	940	1,510	27.6	23.8	30.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,675	1,385	2,290	41.4	35.1	46.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	430	205	230	4.8	5.2	4.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	55	15	30	0.6	0.4	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	8,885	3,945	4,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	45	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,740	1,290	1,450	30.8	32.7	29.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	325	120	200	3.7	3.0	4.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	485	235	255	5.5	6.0	5.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	155	50	105	1.7	1.3	2.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,140	2,230	2,910	57.9	56.5	58.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	158,000	79,125	78,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,380	3,475	3,905	4.7	4.4	5.0
South Asian	1,975	1,075	900	1.3	1.4	1.1
Chinese	990	460	535	0.6	0.6	0.7
Black	805	405	405	0.5	0.5	0.5
Filipino	1,220	445	780	0.8	0.6	1.0
Arab	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin American	550	210	350	0.3	0.3	0.4
Southeast Asian	375	155	220	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Asian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	275	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	675	325	350	0.4	0.4	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	245	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	150,620	75,650	74,970	95.3	95.6	95.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	158,000	79,130	78,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	20,140	10,335	9,805	12.7	13.1	12.4
English	49,085	24,140	24,945	31.1	30.5	31.6
Irish	29,720	13,990	15,725	18.8	17.7	19.9
Scottish	37,045	18,110	18,935	23.4	22.9	24.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	16,285	7,850	8,435	10.3	9.9	10.7
German	27,695	13,725	13,970	17.5	17.3	17.7
Chinese	1,155	545	615	0.7	0.7	0.8
Italian	9,430	4,725	4,705	6.0	6.0	6.0
Indian (India)	1,445	810	630	0.9	1.0	0.8
Ukrainian	9,755	5,075	4,680	6.2	6.4	5.9
Dutch	7,620	3,935	3,685	4.8	5.0	4.7
Polish	6,335	3,110	3,230	4.0	3.9	4.1
Québécois	280	125	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	7,105	3,620	3,485	4.5	4.6	4.4
Filipino	1,150	410	740	0.7	0.5	0.9
French Canadian	1,680	825	850	1.1	1.0	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,010	1,570	1,440	1.9	2.0	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,935	1,410	1,530	1.9	1.8	1.9
Métis	5,340	2,705	2,630	3.4	3.4	3.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	4,215	2,180	2,035	2.7	2.8	2.6
Russian	9,510	4,685	4,820	6.0	5.9	6.1
Norwegian	7,310	3,460	3,855	4.6	4.4	4.9
Welsh	5,180	2,400	2,770	3.3	3.0	3.5
Portuguese	775	330	455	0.5	0.4	0.6
American	3,530	1,575	1,955	2.2	2.0	2.5
Spanish	1,015	420	595	0.6	0.5	0.8
Swedish	6,310	3,035	3,275	4.0	3.8	4.2
Hungarian	2,380	1,095	1,285	1.5	1.4	1.6
Acadian	455	185	265	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	355	165	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	875	460	410	0.6	0.6	0.5
Punjabi	160	100	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	535	300	235	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jamaican	220	120	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	175	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,235	545	690	0.8	0.7	0.9
Korean	275	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	990	495	495	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	240	115	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	2,600	1,300	1,305	1.6	1.6	1.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,075	540	540	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sikh	200	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	2,215	1,100	1,120	1.4	1.4	1.4
Belgian	845	365	480	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haitian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	320	135	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	705	345	355	0.4	0.4	0.5
Swiss	1,775	830	940	1.1	1.0	1.2
Finnish	1,445	675	770	0.9	0.9	1.0
Sri Lankan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	500	280	215	0.3	0.4	0.3
Japanese	840	420	425	0.5	0.5	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	295	155	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,445	655	790	0.9	0.8	1.0
Muslim	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	920	470	455	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombian	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	1,515	745	770	1.0	0.9	1.0
Syrian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	70	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	180	105	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	285	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	325	165	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	50	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkish	75	55	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	110	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	515	260	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	420	215	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	50	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	245	105	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	525	255	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	930	495	435	0.6	0.6	0.6
Palestinian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	80	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	120	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	175	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	210	105	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	60	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	140	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	575	275	305	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	70	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	260	100	160	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	175	100	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	145	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	1,195	640	555	0.8	0.8	0.7
Ecuadorian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	135	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	175	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	105	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	360	195	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	205	115	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	205	120	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	158,000	79,125	78,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	765	290	470	0.5	0.4	0.6
Christian	55,860	25,485	30,375	35.4	32.2	38.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	12,430	5,910	6,510	7.9	7.5	8.3
Anabaptist	525	275	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anglican	5,350	2,395	2,955	3.4	3.0	3.7
Baptist	1,450	685	760	0.9	0.9	1.0
Catholic	16,545	7,655	8,890	10.5	9.7	11.3
Christian Orthodox	570	250	320	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	1,460	670	795	0.9	0.8	1.0
Latter Day Saints	1,675	755	915	1.1	1.0	1.2
Lutheran	2,175	1,000	1,175	1.4	1.3	1.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,365	625	740	0.9	0.8	0.9
Presbyterian	1,060	445	610	0.7	0.6	0.8
Reformed	75	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Church	6,840	2,835	4,000	4.3	3.6	5.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,100	1,815	2,290	2.6	2.3	2.9
Hindu	605	350	260	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	410	195	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Muslim	205	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	750	375	375	0.5	0.5	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	245	100	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,940	810	1,130	1.2	1.0	1.4
No religion and secular perspectives	97,230	51,420	45,805	61.5	65.0	58.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	156,915	78,535	78,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	136,060	68,390	67,675	86.7	87.1	86.3
Movers	20,855	10,150	10,705	13.3	12.9	13.7
Non-migrants	9,435	4,400	5,030	6.0	5.6	6.4
Migrants	11,420	5,745	5,675	7.3	7.3	7.2
Internal migrants	10,690	5,370	5,320	6.8	6.8	6.8
Intraprovincial migrants	6,570	3,210	3,360	4.2	4.1	4.3
Interprovincial migrants	4,115	2,160	1,960	2.6	2.8	2.5
External migrants	730	375	350	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	151,500	75,675	75,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	88,955	44,640	44,315	58.7	59.0	58.4
Movers	62,545	31,040	31,510	41.3	41.0	41.6
Non-migrants	16,995	8,555	8,440	11.2	11.3	11.1
Migrants	45,550	22,485	23,070	30.1	29.7	30.4
Internal migrants	42,045	20,765	21,280	27.8	27.4	28.1
Intraprovincial migrants	28,300	13,825	14,480	18.7	18.3	19.1
Interprovincial migrants	13,745	6,940	6,805	9.1	9.2	9.0
External migrants	3,505	1,720	1,785	2.3	2.3	2.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	134,895	67,290	67,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	23,370	13,275	10,095	17.3	19.7	14.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	111,530	54,020	57,510	82.7	80.3	85.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	82,720	40,935	41,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,800	5,310	3,495	10.6	13.0	8.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	73,915	35,625	38,290	89.4	87.0	91.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	134,895	67,295	67,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,460	10,540	8,920	14.4	15.7	13.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	41,015	19,740	21,275	30.4	29.3	31.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	74,420	37,015	37,405	55.2	55.0	55.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	49,820	26,295	23,525	36.9	39.1	34.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,505	13,390	3,110	12.2	19.9	4.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,025	2,950	2,075	3.7	4.4	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	11,475	10,440	1,035	8.5	15.5	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	29,660	11,470	18,190	22.0	17.0	26.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,660	1,435	2,225	2.7	2.1	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,600	10,720	13,880	18.2	15.9	20.5
Bachelor's degree	16,430	7,075	9,355	12.2	10.5	13.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,570	630	945	1.2	0.9	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	835	500	340	0.6	0.7	0.5
Master's degree	5,150	2,200	2,950	3.8	3.3	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	610	320	290	0.5	0.5	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	82,720	40,935	41,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,950	4,050	2,905	8.4	9.9	7.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,245	12,150	12,095	29.3	29.7	28.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	51,530	24,740	26,785	62.3	60.4	64.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,675	17,540	16,135	40.7	42.8	38.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,795	8,760	2,030	13.1	21.4	4.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,275	1,910	1,365	4.0	4.7	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,515	6,850	665	9.1	16.7	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20,580	7,800	12,775	24.9	19.1	30.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,310	975	1,330	2.8	2.4	3.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,855	7,195	10,655	21.6	17.6	25.5
Bachelor's degree	12,220	4,970	7,245	14.8	12.1	17.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,095	415	685	1.3	1.0	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	570	270	300	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	3,580	1,350	2,225	4.3	3.3	5.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	390	190	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	134,895	67,295	67,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	60,470	30,280	30,200	44.8	45.0	44.7
Education	5,795	1,520	4,265	4.3	2.3	6.3
13. Education	5,795	1,520	4,265	4.3	2.3	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,375	985	1,395	1.8	1.5	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	300	230	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,080	755	1,320	1.5	1.1	2.0
Humanities	2,915	1,290	1,620	2.2	1.9	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	175	35	140	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	760	260	500	0.6	0.4	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	910	380	530	0.7	0.6	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	260	185	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	355	210	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	355	210	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,880	1,730	4,145	4.4	2.6	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	105	15	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	490	170	315	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,425	85	1,340	1.1	0.1	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	755	185	570	0.6	0.3	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,030	315	715	0.8	0.5	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,935	890	1,045	1.4	1.3	1.5
Business, management and public administration	12,650	3,975	8,670	9.4	5.9	12.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,390	170	1,220	1.0	0.3	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,230	3,800	7,425	8.3	5.6	11.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,590	1,415	1,170	1.9	2.1	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	960	460	505	0.7	0.7	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	560	275	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	835	605	230	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	195	70	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,455	900	550	1.1	1.3	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,025	695	335	0.8	1.0	0.5
25. Library science	155	15	140	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	230	175	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	19,735	18,415	1,315	14.6	27.4	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	395	220	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	2,115	1,760	360	1.6	2.6	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,735	3,385	345	2.8	5.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	5,580	5,420	165	4.1	8.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,255	5,090	165	3.9	7.6	0.2
48. Precision production	2,645	2,540	105	2.0	3.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,625	2,235	1,385	2.7	3.3	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,325	665	660	1.0	1.0	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,295	1,575	725	1.7	2.3	1.1
Health and related fields	12,640	2,185	10,460	9.4	3.2	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,305	670	640	1.0	1.0	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	11,035	1,355	9,680	8.2	2.0	14.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	270	155	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,745	2,345	2,405	3.5	3.5	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,950	850	2,100	2.2	1.3	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	620	430	190	0.5	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,135	1,020	115	0.8	1.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	82,720	40,935	41,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,195	16,195	14,995	37.7	39.6	35.9
Education	3,350	760	2,590	4.0	1.9	6.2
13. Education	3,350	760	2,590	4.0	1.9	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,810	715	1,090	2.2	1.7	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	185	125	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,620	595	1,025	2.0	1.5	2.5
Humanities	1,900	840	1,055	2.3	2.1	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	120	25	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	495	185	315	0.6	0.5	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	590	220	360	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	195	145	55	0.2	0.4	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	225	130	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	215	130	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,445	1,125	3,325	5.4	2.7	8.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	90	15	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	400	160	240	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,120	55	1,065	1.4	0.1	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	600	130	470	0.7	0.3	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
42. Psychology	680	145	530	0.8	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,430	555	880	1.7	1.4	2.1
Business, management and public administration	8,970	2,845	6,125	10.8	7.0	14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,050	115	930	1.3	0.3	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,910	2,725	5,185	9.6	6.7	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,735	870	865	2.1	2.1	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	650	270	380	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	405	200	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	545	360	185	0.7	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,070	680	390	1.3	1.7	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	830	585	255	1.0	1.4	0.6
25. Library science	70	0	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,290	12,210	1,080	16.1	29.8	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	350	180	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
14. Engineering	1,560	1,245	315	1.9	3.0	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,460	2,180	275	3.0	5.3	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,755	3,650	105	4.5	8.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,460	3,345	115	4.2	8.2	0.3
48. Precision production	1,705	1,615	85	2.1	3.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,730	1,555	1,175	3.3	3.8	2.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	990	435	550	1.2	1.1	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,740	1,120	630	2.1	2.7	1.5
Health and related fields	8,770	1,490	7,280	10.6	3.6	17.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,010	500	510	1.2	1.2	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,545	910	6,640	9.1	2.2	15.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,445	1,645	1,800	4.2	4.0	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,165	625	1,545	2.6	1.5	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	480	315	170	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	785	690	90	0.9	1.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	82,720	40,935	41,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,195	16,195	14,995	37.7	39.6	35.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	51,530	24,740	26,790	62.3	60.4	64.1
Location of study inside Canada	45,740	22,110	23,625	55.3	54.0	56.5
Same as province or territory of residence	28,500	13,745	14,755	34.5	33.6	35.3
Different than province or territory of residence	17,235	8,370	8,870	20.8	20.4	21.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,790	2,630	3,160	7.0	6.4	7.6
Americas	1,820	790	1,035	2.2	1.9	2.5
United States of America	1,595	740	855	1.9	1.8	2.0
Mexico	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	1,935	945	990	2.3	2.3	2.4
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Germany	260	140	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Netherlands	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Switzerland	115	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hungary	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	60	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	935	470	465	1.1	1.1	1.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	150	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,205	470	740	1.5	1.1	1.8
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	450	140	305	0.5	0.3	0.7
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	445	225	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	645	335	310	0.8	0.8	0.7
Australia	495	250	240	0.6	0.6	0.6
New Zealand	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	134,895	67,295	67,605	...	...	...
In the labour force	79,670	42,005	37,665	...	...	...
Employed	72,725	38,295	34,430	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,945	3,710	3,235	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	55,230	25,290	29,940	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.1	62.4	55.7	59.1	62.4	55.7
Employment rate	53.9	56.9	50.9	53.9	56.9	50.9
Unemployment rate	8.7	8.8	8.6	8.7	8.8	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	134,895	67,295	67,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	54,260	24,810	29,445	40.2	36.9	43.6
Worked	80,640	42,485	38,160	59.8	63.1	56.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	37,215	21,915	15,300	27.6	32.6	22.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	43,425	20,565	22,855	32.2	30.6	33.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.1	40.7	39.3	40.1	40.7	39.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	79,670	42,005	37,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,395	695	705	1.8	1.7	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	78,270	41,310	36,960	98.2	98.3	98.1
Employee	63,180	32,780	30,395	79.3	78.0	80.7
Permanent position	50,910	26,985	23,920	63.9	64.2	63.5
Temporary position	12,270	5,800	6,475	15.4	13.8	17.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,685	1,110	1,575	3.4	2.6	4.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	9,585	4,685	4,895	12.0	11.2	13.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	15,090	8,530	6,565	18.9	20.3	17.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	79,670	42,005	37,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,395	695	705	1.8	1.7	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	78,270	41,310	36,960	98.2	98.3	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	630	345	285	0.8	0.8	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,890	2,270	7,625	12.4	5.4	20.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,830	3,615	1,215	6.1	8.6	3.2
3 Health occupations	6,210	1,075	5,140	7.8	2.6	13.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,080	2,180	5,905	10.1	5.2	15.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,360	985	1,380	3.0	2.3	3.7
6 Sales and service occupations	19,605	7,520	12,085	24.6	17.9	32.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	18,125	16,585	1,545	22.8	39.5	4.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,820	3,630	1,185	6.0	8.6	3.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,705	3,110	595	4.7	7.4	1.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	79,670	42,005	37,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,395	695	705	1.8	1.7	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	78,270	41,310	36,960	98.2	98.3	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,695	2,500	1,200	4.6	6.0	3.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,510	3,745	760	5.7	8.9	2.0
22 Utilities	720	605	110	0.9	1.4	0.3
23 Construction	7,710	6,735	975	9.7	16.0	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	5,895	4,610	1,280	7.4	11.0	3.4
41 Wholesale trade	1,260	955	310	1.6	2.3	0.8
44-45 Retail trade	9,705	4,390	5,310	12.2	10.5	14.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,740	2,025	715	3.4	4.8	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	770	410	350	1.0	1.0	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,455	445	1,010	1.8	1.1	2.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,250	600	645	1.6	1.4	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,420	2,185	2,240	5.5	5.2	5.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	300	160	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,145	1,750	1,395	3.9	4.2	3.7
61 Educational services	5,190	1,360	3,830	6.5	3.2	10.2
62 Health care and social assistance	10,060	1,670	8,395	12.6	4.0	22.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,490	1,300	1,190	3.1	3.1	3.2
72 Accommodation and food services	5,895	2,300	3,595	7.4	5.5	9.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,605	1,760	1,850	4.5	4.2	4.9
91 Public administration	3,460	1,790	1,670	4.3	4.3	4.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	87,180	45,685	41,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	85,805	45,230	40,575	98.4	99.0	97.8
French	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	70	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	70	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	585	160	430	0.7	0.4	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	590	215	375	0.7	0.5	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	87,180	45,685	41,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	87,070	45,640	41,430	99.9	99.9	99.8
Official languages	86,955	45,595	41,365	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	86,800	45,565	41,235	99.6	99.7	99.4
French	155	30	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	87,180	45,685	41,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	86,065	45,325	40,740	98.7	99.2	98.2
English	115	25	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
French	475	140	330	0.5	0.3	0.8
Non-official language	450	145	300	0.5	0.3	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	380	125	255	0.4	0.3	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	72,720	38,295	34,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	11,225	5,010	6,215	15.4	13.1	18.1
Worked outside Canada	210	175	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
No fixed workplace address	12,055	9,185	2,865	16.6	24.0	8.3
Usual place of work	49,230	23,925	25,310	67.7	62.5	73.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	49,230	23,920	25,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,095	11,180	13,915	51.0	46.7	55.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	19,400	9,785	9,615	39.4	40.9	38.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,205	2,045	1,160	6.5	8.5	4.6
Commute to a different province or territory	1,520	910	610	3.1	3.8	2.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	61,280	33,110	28,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	52,395	28,835	23,555	85.5	87.1	83.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	48,445	26,845	21,600	79.1	81.1	76.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,945	1,990	1,955	6.4	6.0	6.9
Public transit	1,080	685	395	1.8	2.1	1.4
Walked	5,275	2,125	3,150	8.6	6.4	11.2
Bicycle	1,075	620	460	1.8	1.9	1.6
Other method	1,455	850	615	2.4	2.6	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	61,280	33,110	28,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	31,675	14,885	16,785	51.7	45.0	59.6
15 to 29 minutes	15,795	8,725	7,070	25.8	26.4	25.1
30 to 44 minutes	7,370	4,580	2,785	12.0	13.8	9.9
45 to 59 minutes	2,540	1,705	830	4.1	5.1	2.9
60 minutes and over	3,915	3,210	705	6.4	9.7	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	61,280	33,110	28,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,510	4,400	1,110	9.0	13.3	3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,650	7,290	3,355	17.4	22.0	11.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,290	7,560	6,730	23.3	22.8	23.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	14,505	5,780	8,720	23.7	17.5	30.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,695	2,920	4,770	12.6	8.8	16.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,635	5,155	3,480	14.1	15.6	12.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	28,420	14,565	13,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,980	980	1,000	7.0	6.7	7.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	26,440	13,585	12,855	93.0	93.3	92.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	21,355	10,995	10,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,475	735	740	6.9	6.7	7.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	620	305	315	2.9	2.8	3.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	855	430	425	4.0	3.9	4.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,875	10,265	9,615	93.1	93.4	92.9

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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