Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
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Commuting destination
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Main mode of commuting
Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
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Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
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Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
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Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
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Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
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Population and dwelling counts
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GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Lower Mainland--SouthwestMore information:
British Columbia
[Economic region]
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Counts Rates Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 3,049,496 ... ... ... ... ... 36,991,981 ... ... ... ... ...
Population, 20161 2,832,000 ... ... ... ... ... 35,151,728 ... ... ... ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 7.7 ... ... 7.7 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 5.2 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 1,273,832 ... ... ... ... ... 16,284,235 ... ... ... ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 1,196,483 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,941 ... ... ... ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 84.1 ... ... 84.1 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 36,262.05 ... ... ... ... ... 8,788,702.80 ... ... ... ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 3,049,495 1,497,175 1,552,325 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,991,980 18,226,240 18,765,740 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 440,745 227,790 212,960 14.5 15.2 13.7 6,012,795 3,086,510 2,926,285 16.3 16.9 15.6
0 to 4 years 135,845 69,665 66,180 4.5 4.7 4.3 1,831,195 938,790 892,405 5.0 5.2 4.8
5 to 9 years 148,680 77,060 71,620 4.9 5.1 4.6 2,054,900 1,054,240 1,000,655 5.6 5.8 5.3
10 to 14 years 156,225 81,060 75,155 5.1 5.4 4.8 2,126,705 1,093,480 1,033,225 5.7 6.0 5.5
15 to 64 years 2,068,250 1,021,065 1,047,185 67.8 68.2 67.5 23,957,760 11,915,050 12,042,710 64.8 65.4 64.2
15 to 19 years 159,780 82,660 77,125 5.2 5.5 5.0 2,012,975 1,036,730 976,240 5.4 5.7 5.2
20 to 24 years 196,480 100,800 95,680 6.4 6.7 6.2 2,202,255 1,138,825 1,063,430 6.0 6.2 5.7
25 to 29 years 226,125 113,975 112,150 7.4 7.6 7.2 2,421,510 1,228,135 1,193,370 6.5 6.7 6.4
30 to 34 years 237,980 118,885 119,095 7.8 7.9 7.7 2,518,835 1,252,795 1,266,040 6.8 6.9 6.7
35 to 39 years 228,715 113,240 115,475 7.5 7.6 7.4 2,511,345 1,238,515 1,272,835 6.8 6.8 6.8
40 to 44 years 204,540 99,360 105,180 6.7 6.6 6.8 2,399,405 1,175,875 1,223,530 6.5 6.5 6.5
45 to 49 years 197,980 94,195 103,785 6.5 6.3 6.7 2,304,170 1,129,185 1,174,985 6.2 6.2 6.3
50 to 54 years 208,550 100,150 108,400 6.8 6.7 7.0 2,368,350 1,161,665 1,206,685 6.4 6.4 6.4
55 to 59 years 212,040 103,465 108,575 7.0 6.9 7.0 2,647,330 1,299,975 1,347,350 7.2 7.1 7.2
60 to 64 years 196,065 94,335 101,730 6.4 6.3 6.6 2,571,580 1,253,335 1,318,245 7.0 6.9 7.0
65 years and over 540,500 248,320 292,180 17.7 16.6 18.8 7,021,430 3,224,680 3,796,750 19.0 17.7 20.2
65 to 69 years 169,230 80,595 88,630 5.5 5.4 5.7 2,210,970 1,065,305 1,145,665 6.0 5.8 6.1
70 to 74 years 142,770 67,145 75,630 4.7 4.5 4.9 1,847,585 879,850 967,735 5.0 4.8 5.2
75 to 79 years 94,750 44,170 50,590 3.1 3.0 3.3 1,260,930 589,090 671,845 3.4 3.2 3.6
80 to 84 years 65,530 29,245 36,285 2.1 2.0 2.3 840,545 370,905 469,645 2.3 2.0 2.5
85 years and over 68,225 27,170 41,050 2.2 1.8 2.6 861,395 319,540 541,860 2.3 1.8 2.9
85 to 89 years 41,165 17,710 23,450 1.3 1.2 1.5 525,445 212,735 312,705 1.4 1.2 1.7
90 to 94 years 20,580 7,660 12,920 0.7 0.5 0.8 258,035 87,300 170,735 0.7 0.5 0.9
95 to 99 years 5,560 1,605 3,955 0.2 0.1 0.3 68,380 17,670 50,715 0.2 0.1 0.3
100 years and over 925 200 730 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,535 1,830 7,710 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 14.5 15.2 13.7 14.5 15.2 13.7 16.3 16.9 15.6 16.3 16.9 15.6
15 to 64 years 67.8 68.2 67.5 67.8 68.2 67.5 64.8 65.4 64.2 64.8 65.4 64.2
65 years and over 17.7 16.6 18.8 17.7 16.6 18.8 19.0 17.7 20.2 19.0 17.7 20.2
85 years and over 2.2 1.8 2.6 2.2 1.8 2.6 2.3 1.8 2.9 2.3 1.8 2.9
Average age of the population 41.7 40.8 42.6 41.7 40.8 42.6 41.9 41.0 42.8 41.9 41.0 42.8
Median age of the population 40.8 39.6 42.0 40.8 39.6 42.0 41.6 40.4 42.8 41.6 40.4 42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 1,196,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Single-detached house 368,680 ... ... 30.8 ... ... 7,872,310 ... ... 52.6 ... ...
Semi-detached house 27,215 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 746,560 ... ... 5.0 ... ...
Row house 121,650 ... ... 10.2 ... ... 980,110 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 185,955 ... ... 15.5 ... ... 821,490 ... ... 5.5 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 283,270 ... ... 23.7 ... ... 2,738,020 ... ... 18.3 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 199,530 ... ... 16.7 ... ... 1,596,155 ... ... 10.7 ... ...
Other single-attached house 1,560 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 34,880 ... ... 0.2 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 8,625 ... ... 0.7 ... ... 189,420 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 1,196,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 person 343,165 ... ... 28.7 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 29.3 ... ...
2 persons 385,005 ... ... 32.2 ... ... 5,124,800 ... ... 34.2 ... ...
3 persons 185,610 ... ... 15.5 ... ... 2,194,825 ... ... 14.7 ... ...
4 persons 166,450 ... ... 13.9 ... ... 2,002,455 ... ... 13.4 ... ...
5 or more persons 116,255 ... ... 9.7 ... ... 1,260,850 ... ... 8.4 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 3,005,810 1,475,565 1,530,245 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 100.0 100.0 100.0
Average household size 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 2,608,750 1,269,385 1,339,360 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,979,185 15,139,730 15,839,460 100.0 100.0 100.0
Married or living common-law 1,482,615 739,495 743,120 56.8 58.3 55.5 17,626,005 8,813,405 8,812,595 56.9 58.2 55.6
Married 1,265,780 630,100 635,680 48.5 49.6 47.5 13,725,625 6,859,755 6,865,875 44.3 45.3 43.3
Living common-law 216,835 109,395 107,445 8.3 8.6 8.0 3,900,375 1,953,650 1,946,725 12.6 12.9 12.3
Living common law - Never married 166,840 84,400 82,435 6.4 6.6 6.2 2,967,665 1,485,985 1,481,685 9.6 9.8 9.4
Living common law - Separated 7,790 4,150 3,635 0.3 0.3 0.3 123,830 65,045 58,785 0.4 0.4 0.4
Living common law - Divorced 38,585 19,325 19,260 1.5 1.5 1.4 721,715 365,760 355,950 2.3 2.4 2.2
Living common law - Widowed 3,620 1,515 2,110 0.1 0.1 0.2 87,165 36,860 50,300 0.3 0.2 0.3
Not married and not living common-law 1,126,135 529,895 596,240 43.2 41.7 44.5 13,353,180 6,326,325 7,026,860 43.1 41.8 44.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married 783,580 421,075 362,505 30.0 33.2 27.1 9,025,865 4,881,410 4,144,455 29.1 32.2 26.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated 62,840 25,955 36,885 2.4 2.0 2.8 741,135 319,045 422,090 2.4 2.1 2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 156,340 57,890 98,450 6.0 4.6 7.4 1,921,880 760,425 1,161,460 6.2 5.0 7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 123,375 24,975 98,400 4.7 2.0 7.3 1,664,295 365,440 1,298,855 5.4 2.4 8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 838,240 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
2 persons 419,210 ... ... 50.0 ... ... 5,306,105 ... ... 51.7 ... ...
3 persons 189,350 ... ... 22.6 ... ... 2,147,825 ... ... 20.9 ... ...
4 persons 172,070 ... ... 20.5 ... ... 1,953,035 ... ... 19.0 ... ...
5 or more persons 57,605 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 855,960 ... ... 8.3 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.7 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 838,235 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total couple families 711,995 ... ... 84.9 ... ... 8,576,585 ... ... 83.6 ... ...
Married couples 603,595 ... ... 72.0 ... ... 6,627,310 ... ... 64.6 ... ...
With children6 344,205 ... ... 41.1 ... ... 3,481,775 ... ... 33.9 ... ...
Without children 259,380 ... ... 30.9 ... ... 3,145,535 ... ... 30.6 ... ...
Common-law couples 108,410 ... ... 12.9 ... ... 1,949,275 ... ... 19.0 ... ...
With children6 29,640 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 808,645 ... ... 7.9 ... ...
Without children 78,765 ... ... 9.4 ... ... 1,140,630 ... ... 11.1 ... ...
Total one-parent families 126,245 ... ... 15.1 ... ... 1,686,340 ... ... 16.4 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 100,360 ... ... 12.0 ... ... 1,302,670 ... ... 12.7 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 25,880 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 383,670 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 3,005,810 1,475,565 1,530,245 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total - Persons in census families 2,399,455 1,190,135 1,209,320 79.8 80.7 79.0 29,478,475 14,616,850 14,861,625 81.1 81.5 80.8
Married spouses or common-law partners 1,423,995 713,165 710,825 47.4 48.3 46.5 17,153,165 8,577,610 8,575,560 47.2 47.8 46.6
Parents in one-parent families 126,240 25,880 100,360 4.2 1.8 6.6 1,686,340 383,675 1,302,670 4.6 2.1 7.1
Children6 849,220 451,080 398,135 28.3 30.6 26.0 10,638,965 5,655,570 4,983,400 29.3 31.5 27.1
In a two-parent family 664,920 351,550 313,370 22.1 23.8 20.5 8,024,590 4,238,785 3,785,805 22.1 23.6 20.6
In a one-parent family 184,295 99,535 84,760 6.1 6.7 5.5 2,614,375 1,416,785 1,197,595 7.2 7.9 6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 606,355 285,435 320,925 20.2 19.3 21.0 6,850,005 3,320,385 3,529,620 18.9 18.5 19.2
Living alone 343,165 156,500 186,660 11.4 10.6 12.2 4,396,015 2,048,495 2,347,520 12.1 11.4 12.8
Living with other relatives7 95,965 37,200 58,765 3.2 2.5 3.8 927,345 393,085 534,260 2.6 2.2 2.9
Living with non-relatives only 167,225 91,730 75,500 5.6 6.2 4.9 1,526,645 878,800 647,840 4.2 4.9 3.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 1,196,485 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,945 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 669,290 ... ... 55.9 ... ... 8,932,695 ... ... 59.6 ... ...
Couple-family households 576,505 ... ... 48.2 ... ... 7,627,195 ... ... 50.9 ... ...
With children6 299,855 ... ... 25.1 ... ... 3,789,795 ... ... 25.3 ... ...
Without children 276,655 ... ... 23.1 ... ... 3,837,400 ... ... 25.6 ... ...
One-parent-family households 92,785 ... ... 7.8 ... ... 1,305,500 ... ... 8.7 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 57,215 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 441,745 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 13,980 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 94,235 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 47,060 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 450,415 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 65,775 ... ... 5.5 ... ... 663,835 ... ... 4.4 ... ...
One-person households 343,160 ... ... 28.7 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 29.3 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 2,565,665 1,248,110 1,317,555 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 2,481,260 1,207,080 1,274,180 96.7 96.7 96.7 29,241,810 14,316,155 14,925,660 96.4 96.3 96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,400 46,400 36,000 40,400 46,400 36,000 41,200 46,400 36,800 41,200 46,400 36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 2,482,735 1,207,875 1,274,865 96.8 96.8 96.8 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,425 96.4 96.4 96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 37,200 41,600 33,600 37,200 41,600 33,600 36,800 40,800 33,600 36,800 40,800 33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 2,220,780 1,095,890 1,124,890 86.6 87.8 85.4 26,045,500 13,010,250 13,035,250 85.9 87.5 84.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 36,000 44,400 29,400 36,000 44,400 29,400 35,200 42,400 29,200 35,200 42,400 29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,798,385 914,965 883,425 70.1 73.3 67.1 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,130 69.6 73.4 66.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 39,200 46,800 32,400 39,200 46,800 32,400 37,200 43,200 32,000 37,200 43,200 32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 2,039,160 933,105 1,106,050 79.5 74.8 83.9 25,401,740 12,065,555 13,336,180 83.7 81.2 86.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,900 7,850 9,700 8,900 7,850 9,700 9,800 8,500 11,000 9,800 8,500 11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 217,270 92,615 124,655 8.5 7.4 9.5 3,185,840 1,548,250 1,637,590 10.5 10.4 10.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,480 5,400 5,560 5,480 5,400 5,560 5,720 5,760 5,720 5,720 5,760 5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 716,255 341,465 374,790 27.9 27.4 28.4 8,373,550 4,140,705 4,232,845 27.6 27.9 27.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,000 8,000 8,500 8,000 8,000 8,500 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 2,565,595 1,248,140 1,317,455 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 2,480,290 1,206,245 1,274,045 96.7 96.6 96.7 29,242,935 14,316,595 14,926,335 96.4 96.3 96.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 55,750 65,300 46,800 55,750 65,300 46,800 54,450 62,650 46,560 54,450 62,650 46,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 2,481,780 1,207,065 1,274,725 96.7 96.7 96.8 29,257,325 14,324,165 14,933,160 96.4 96.4 96.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 46,240 52,600 40,200 46,240 52,600 40,200 44,920 50,320 39,680 44,920 50,320 39,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 2,219,470 1,095,175 1,124,290 86.5 87.7 85.3 26,047,020 13,011,765 13,035,250 85.9 87.6 84.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 52,700 63,550 42,200 52,700 63,550 42,200 50,240 59,500 41,000 50,240 59,500 41,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,798,365 915,540 882,825 70.1 73.4 67.0 21,127,690 10,908,965 10,218,725 69.6 73.4 66.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 52,600 62,350 42,560 52,600 62,350 42,560 50,280 58,050 42,000 50,280 58,050 42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 2,036,715 931,220 1,105,490 79.4 74.6 83.9 25,397,565 12,061,765 13,335,800 83.7 81.2 86.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,470 9,800 11,030 10,470 9,800 11,030 11,170 10,180 12,060 11,170 10,180 12,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 216,420 91,900 124,520 8.4 7.4 9.5 3,179,395 1,544,580 1,634,815 10.5 10.4 10.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,490 5,735 7,040 6,490 5,735 7,040 7,050 6,710 7,370 7,050 6,710 7,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 713,290 340,165 373,130 27.8 27.3 28.3 8,346,145 4,128,810 4,217,340 27.5 27.8 27.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,320 9,180 9,440 9,320 9,180 9,440 8,920 8,740 9,100 8,920 8,740 9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 2,565,595 1,248,140 1,317,455 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 832,470 473,605 358,865 32.4 37.9 27.2 9,912,810 5,493,720 4,419,090 32.7 37.0 28.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 65,500 72,000 58,800 65,500 72,000 58,800 63,600 69,000 58,000 63,600 69,000 58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 80,800 90,200 68,500 80,800 90,200 68,500 77,200 85,400 67,000 77,200 85,400 67,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 729,825 330,445 399,380 28.4 26.5 30.3 8,426,645 3,988,060 4,438,585 27.8 26.8 28.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 19,000 21,200 17,200 19,000 21,200 17,200 18,400 21,000 16,600 18,400 21,000 16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 30,240 34,960 26,320 30,240 34,960 26,320 29,160 33,960 24,860 29,160 33,960 24,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 84.6 88.4 79.6 84.6 88.4 79.6 82.2 86.4 76.8 82.2 86.4 76.8
Employment income (%)19 68.4 72.6 63.0 68.4 72.6 63.0 66.8 70.6 61.7 66.8 70.6 61.7
Government transfers (%)20 15.4 11.6 20.4 15.4 11.6 20.4 17.8 13.7 23.1 17.8 13.7 23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.0 0.7 1.5 1.0 0.7 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 5.9 4.7 7.4 5.9 4.7 7.4 5.4 4.5 6.6 5.4 4.5 6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 4.8 4.0 5.9 4.8 4.0 5.9 4.7 4.0 5.5 4.7 4.0 5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 2,565,665 1,248,110 1,317,555 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without total income 84,405 41,030 43,380 3.3 3.3 3.3 1,094,320 545,400 548,915 3.6 3.7 3.5
With total income 2,481,260 1,207,085 1,274,180 96.7 96.7 96.7 29,241,815 14,316,150 14,925,660 96.4 96.3 96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss) 257,680 112,620 145,060 10.4 9.3 11.4 2,434,730 1,058,420 1,376,310 8.3 7.4 9.2
$10,000 to $19,999 288,535 124,045 164,490 11.6 10.3 12.9 3,448,185 1,445,240 2,002,945 11.8 10.1 13.4
$20,000 to $29,999 377,300 160,210 217,095 15.2 13.3 17.0 4,635,650 2,018,080 2,617,570 15.9 14.1 17.5
$30,000 to $39,999 303,055 130,805 172,245 12.2 10.8 13.5 3,723,680 1,648,300 2,075,375 12.7 11.5 13.9
$40,000 to $49,999 258,630 115,880 142,750 10.4 9.6 11.2 3,290,715 1,529,960 1,760,755 11.3 10.7 11.8
$50,000 to $59,999 214,730 100,995 113,740 8.7 8.4 8.9 2,677,465 1,302,135 1,375,330 9.2 9.1 9.2
$60,000 to $69,999 169,705 87,660 82,045 6.8 7.3 6.4 2,073,335 1,086,545 986,795 7.1 7.6 6.6
$70,000 to $79,999 133,110 73,895 59,215 5.4 6.1 4.6 1,592,465 887,985 704,480 5.4 6.2 4.7
$80,000 to $89,999 104,215 59,870 44,340 4.2 5.0 3.5 1,239,395 708,430 530,965 4.2 4.9 3.6
$90,000 to $99,999 83,160 48,170 34,990 3.4 4.0 2.7 965,950 553,435 412,510 3.3 3.9 2.8
$100,000 and over 291,130 192,930 98,205 11.7 16.0 7.7 3,160,245 2,077,620 1,082,625 10.8 14.5 7.3
$100,000 to $149,999 184,495 116,775 67,720 7.4 9.7 5.3 2,102,630 1,319,110 783,520 7.2 9.2 5.2
$150,000 and over 106,640 76,155 30,485 4.3 6.3 2.4 1,057,615 758,510 299,105 3.6 5.3 2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 2,565,665 1,248,110 1,317,555 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without after-tax income 82,930 40,235 42,695 3.2 3.2 3.2 1,079,955 537,800 542,155 3.6 3.6 3.5
With after-tax income 2,482,735 1,207,875 1,274,860 96.8 96.8 96.8 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,430 96.4 96.4 96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss) 267,685 116,765 150,920 10.8 9.7 11.8 2,561,695 1,100,975 1,460,725 8.8 7.7 9.8
$10,000 to $19,999 298,125 128,310 169,815 12.0 10.6 13.3 3,608,250 1,521,395 2,086,855 12.3 10.6 14.0
$20,000 to $29,999 423,955 181,115 242,840 17.1 15.0 19.0 5,294,505 2,321,660 2,972,845 18.1 16.2 19.9
$30,000 to $39,999 348,845 153,495 195,350 14.1 12.7 15.3 4,442,970 2,035,725 2,407,250 15.2 14.2 16.1
$40,000 to $49,999 296,365 136,810 159,560 11.9 11.3 12.5 3,798,710 1,839,700 1,959,005 13.0 12.8 13.1
$50,000 to $59,999 231,505 116,965 114,545 9.3 9.7 9.0 2,833,120 1,471,200 1,361,920 9.7 10.3 9.1
$60,000 to $69,999 169,825 94,095 75,730 6.8 7.8 5.9 2,020,895 1,114,110 906,790 6.9 7.8 6.1
$70,000 to $79,999 125,355 72,145 53,210 5.0 6.0 4.2 1,428,520 814,645 613,875 4.9 5.7 4.1
$80,000 to $89,999 90,980 53,725 37,250 3.7 4.4 2.9 1,027,015 592,405 434,605 3.5 4.1 2.9
$90,000 to $99,999 60,935 37,895 23,040 2.5 3.1 1.8 643,700 402,325 241,380 2.2 2.8 1.6
$100,000 and over 169,145 116,545 52,595 6.8 9.6 4.1 1,596,790 1,109,610 487,185 5.5 7.7 3.3
$100,000 to $124,999 80,975 53,660 27,315 3.3 4.4 2.1 792,455 530,970 261,490 2.7 3.7 1.8
$125,000 and over 88,170 62,885 25,285 3.6 5.2 2.0 804,335 578,645 225,695 2.7 4.0 1.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 2,565,665 1,248,110 1,317,555 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without employment income 767,280 333,145 434,135 29.9 26.7 33.0 9,208,520 3,955,070 5,253,450 30.4 26.6 33.9
With employment income 1,798,385 914,960 883,425 70.1 73.3 67.1 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,125 69.6 73.4 66.1
Under $5,000 (including loss) 234,805 106,430 128,370 13.1 11.6 14.5 2,951,135 1,446,185 1,504,955 14.0 13.3 14.7
$5,000 to $9,999 149,170 63,920 85,255 8.3 7.0 9.7 1,739,570 765,825 973,750 8.2 7.0 9.5
$10,000 to $19,999 210,880 92,490 118,395 11.7 10.1 13.4 2,498,120 1,128,310 1,369,810 11.8 10.3 13.4
$20,000 to $29,999 160,420 72,110 88,310 8.9 7.9 10.0 1,960,665 902,615 1,058,050 9.3 8.3 10.4
$30,000 to $39,999 157,930 72,020 85,910 8.8 7.9 9.7 1,903,100 899,905 1,003,190 9.0 8.3 9.8
$40,000 to $49,999 154,590 73,250 81,335 8.6 8.0 9.2 1,859,845 899,795 960,055 8.8 8.3 9.4
$50,000 to $59,999 145,455 71,750 73,705 8.1 7.8 8.3 1,640,805 842,030 798,780 7.8 7.7 7.8
$60,000 to $69,999 120,445 65,995 54,450 6.7 7.2 6.2 1,367,510 754,825 612,685 6.5 6.9 6.0
$70,000 to $79,999 97,270 56,665 40,605 5.4 6.2 4.6 1,099,625 637,060 462,570 5.2 5.8 4.5
$80,000 to $89,999 80,390 47,700 32,690 4.5 5.2 3.7 929,490 539,395 390,095 4.4 4.9 3.8
$90,000 to $99,999 66,520 39,445 27,075 3.7 4.3 3.1 760,035 439,505 320,530 3.6 4.0 3.1
$100,000 and over 220,510 153,185 67,330 12.3 16.7 7.6 2,417,710 1,651,040 766,670 11.4 15.1 7.5
$100,000 to $124,999 97,015 62,630 34,385 5.4 6.8 3.9 1,129,445 714,235 415,210 5.3 6.5 4.1
$125,000 and over 123,500 90,555 32,945 6.9 9.9 3.7 1,288,265 936,805 351,460 6.1 8.6 3.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 2,565,665 1,248,110 1,317,555 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 2,400,270 1,164,475 1,235,800 93.6 93.3 93.8 28,598,395 13,976,715 14,621,680 94.3 94.0 94.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 38,000 45,200 32,800 38,000 45,200 32,800 39,200 45,200 34,000 39,200 45,200 34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 2,405,100 1,165,585 1,239,520 93.7 93.4 94.1 28,617,610 13,979,960 14,637,655 94.3 94.1 94.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 34,400 40,000 30,000 34,400 40,000 30,000 35,200 40,000 31,200 35,200 40,000 31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 2,188,300 1,077,550 1,110,750 85.3 86.3 84.3 25,708,470 12,830,580 12,877,890 84.7 86.3 83.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 37,200 45,200 30,800 37,200 45,200 30,800 36,800 44,000 30,800 36,800 44,000 30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,828,555 923,645 904,910 71.3 74.0 68.7 21,241,445 10,932,825 10,308,625 70.0 73.6 66.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 38,400 46,000 32,000 38,400 46,000 32,000 38,000 44,400 32,800 38,000 44,400 32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,610,390 686,200 924,190 62.8 55.0 70.1 23,196,815 10,876,635 12,320,175 76.5 73.2 79.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 3,600 1,860 4,880 3,600 1,860 4,880 4,240 1,960 6,450 4,240 1,960 6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 134,975 54,020 80,955 5.3 4.3 6.1 2,428,800 1,182,025 1,246,770 8.0 8.0 8.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 5,480 4,760 6,040 5,480 4,760 6,040 5,720 5,560 5,960 5,720 5,560 5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 2,565,595 1,248,140 1,317,455 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 2,399,120 1,163,875 1,235,250 93.5 93.2 93.8 28,599,665 13,976,240 14,623,425 94.3 94.0 94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 53,400 63,600 43,840 53,400 63,600 43,840 52,350 61,250 43,800 52,350 61,250 43,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 2,403,935 1,164,920 1,239,020 93.7 93.3 94.0 28,618,280 13,979,265 14,639,015 94.3 94.1 94.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 43,920 51,080 37,200 43,920 51,080 37,200 42,920 49,000 37,160 42,920 49,000 37,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 2,186,450 1,076,645 1,109,810 85.2 86.3 84.2 25,709,140 12,829,990 12,879,155 84.7 86.3 83.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 53,150 64,300 42,360 53,150 64,300 42,360 51,040 60,800 41,320 51,040 60,800 41,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,828,395 924,095 904,300 71.3 74.0 68.6 21,242,575 10,934,760 10,307,815 70.0 73.6 66.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 51,300 61,100 41,240 51,300 61,100 41,240 50,560 58,800 41,800 50,560 58,800 41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,607,690 683,980 923,705 62.7 54.8 70.1 23,191,860 10,869,800 12,322,065 76.5 73.1 79.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,390 7,000 7,690 7,390 7,000 7,690 7,950 6,990 8,800 7,950 6,990 8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 134,470 54,035 80,440 5.2 4.3 6.1 2,430,165 1,181,385 1,248,780 8.0 7.9 8.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,250 5,970 8,120 7,250 5,970 8,120 7,560 6,880 8,210 7,560 6,880 8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 2,565,595 1,248,140 1,317,455 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 822,850 467,785 355,060 32.1 37.5 27.0 9,831,805 5,446,500 4,385,305 32.4 36.6 28.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 60,800 67,500 54,000 60,800 67,500 54,000 60,000 66,000 53,600 60,000 66,000 53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 75,300 84,800 62,750 75,300 84,800 62,750 73,200 81,900 62,250 73,200 81,900 62,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 684,450 309,460 374,995 26.7 24.8 28.5 7,934,985 3,759,675 4,175,305 26.2 25.3 27.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 25,200 28,600 23,000 25,200 28,600 23,000 24,200 28,000 21,800 24,200 28,000 21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 36,200 42,240 31,200 36,200 42,240 31,200 35,200 41,280 29,720 35,200 41,280 29,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 90.8 93.6 86.8 90.8 93.6 86.8 87.6 91.2 83.0 87.6 91.2 83.0
Employment income (%) 73.2 76.4 69.0 73.2 76.4 69.0 71.8 75.0 67.2 71.8 75.0 67.2
Government transfers (%) 9.3 6.5 13.1 9.3 6.5 13.1 12.3 8.9 16.9 12.3 8.9 16.9
Employment insurance benefits (%) 0.8 0.4 1.2 0.8 0.4 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 1,196,485 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 90,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 79,500 ... ... 79,500 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 343,160 ... ... ... ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 44,800 ... ... 44,800 ... ... 41,600 ... ... 41,600 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 40,800 ... ... 40,800 ... ... 37,200 ... ... 37,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 853,320 ... ... ... ... ... 10,582,930 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 113,000 ... ... 113,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 99,000 ... ... 99,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 1,196,480 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 115,600 ... ... 115,600 ... ... 106,300 ... ... 106,300 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 95,900 ... ... 95,900 ... ... 87,700 ... ... 87,700 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 343,035 ... ... ... ... ... 4,394,500 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 58,500 ... ... 58,500 ... ... 53,350 ... ... 53,350 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 48,520 ... ... 48,520 ... ... 44,360 ... ... 44,360 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 853,445 ... ... ... ... ... 10,584,445 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 138,600 ... ... 138,600 ... ... 128,200 ... ... 128,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 115,000 ... ... 115,000 ... ... 105,700 ... ... 105,700 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 1,196,485 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 21,600 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 165,175 ... ... 1.1 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 8,935 ... ... 0.7 ... ... 91,750 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 11,855 ... ... 1.0 ... ... 178,475 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 23,710 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 274,140 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 45,300 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 637,695 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 35,015 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 505,875 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 35,650 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 488,735 ... ... 3.3 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 40,990 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 560,950 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 39,490 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 572,650 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 39,185 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 559,155 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 79,110 ... ... 6.6 ... ... 1,093,185 ... ... 7.3 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 76,945 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 1,044,715 ... ... 7.0 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 73,950 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 986,460 ... ... 6.6 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 69,430 ... ... 5.8 ... ... 921,205 ... ... 6.2 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 64,450 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 844,835 ... ... 5.6 ... ...
$100,000 and over 530,880 ... ... 44.4 ... ... 6,053,945 ... ... 40.4 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 137,125 ... ... 11.5 ... ... 1,753,485 ... ... 11.7 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 106,745 ... ... 8.9 ... ... 1,283,445 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 137,305 ... ... 11.5 ... ... 1,545,935 ... ... 10.3 ... ...
$200,000 and over 149,705 ... ... 12.5 ... ... 1,471,075 ... ... 9.8 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 1,196,485 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 24,525 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 186,735 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 9,145 ... ... 0.8 ... ... 95,195 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 12,180 ... ... 1.0 ... ... 183,430 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 24,655 ... ... 2.1 ... ... 289,545 ... ... 1.9 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 47,765 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 681,900 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 39,610 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 589,110 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 40,845 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 582,275 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 46,980 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 666,675 ... ... 4.5 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 46,185 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 676,995 ... ... 4.5 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 46,370 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 655,100 ... ... 4.4 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 92,620 ... ... 7.7 ... ... 1,285,425 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 89,065 ... ... 7.4 ... ... 1,223,830 ... ... 8.2 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 83,915 ... ... 7.0 ... ... 1,137,840 ... ... 7.6 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 77,510 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 1,039,375 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 70,090 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 911,515 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
$100,000 and over 445,005 ... ... 37.2 ... ... 4,773,995 ... ... 31.9 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 143,655 ... ... 12.0 ... ... 1,757,035 ... ... 11.7 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 103,090 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 1,152,855 ... ... 7.7 ... ...
$150,000 and over 198,260 ... ... 16.6 ... ... 1,864,100 ... ... 12.4 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 809,075 ... ... ... ... ... 10,117,305 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 112,000 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 99,000 ... ... 99,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 3.1 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 290,395 ... ... ... ... ... 3,929,500 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 97,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 86,000 ... ... 86,000 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 79,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 373,260 ... ... ... ... ... 4,311,315 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 140,000 ... ... 140,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 122,000 ... ... 122,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 112,265 ... ... ... ... ... 1,547,920 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 73,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 67,000 ... ... 67,000 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 64,000 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 510,390 248,230 262,160 ... ... ... 5,922,660 2,927,295 2,995,365 ... ... ...
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 39,600 41,200 38,400 39,600 41,200 38,400 38,400 40,000 36,800 38,400 40,000 36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 36,400 37,600 35,600 36,400 37,600 35,600 34,800 36,000 33,600 34,800 36,000 33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 808,540 ... ... ... ... ... 10,113,100 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 138,400 ... ... 138,400 ... ... 128,600 ... ... 128,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 114,400 ... ... 114,400 ... ... 105,600 ... ... 105,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 289,605 ... ... ... ... ... 3,926,040 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 122,800 ... ... 122,800 ... ... 112,500 ... ... 112,500 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 100,800 ... ... 100,800 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 373,645 ... ... ... ... ... 4,318,755 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 167,200 ... ... 167,200 ... ... 160,600 ... ... 160,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 137,200 ... ... 137,200 ... ... 130,600 ... ... 130,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 111,395 ... ... ... ... ... 1,539,580 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 87,100 ... ... 87,100 ... ... 82,300 ... ... 82,300 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 75,400 ... ... 75,400 ... ... 71,800 ... ... 71,800 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 508,495 246,610 261,890 ... ... ... 5,916,895 2,916,490 3,000,405 ... ... ...
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 51,950 54,700 49,320 51,950 54,700 49,320 49,440 52,050 46,880 49,440 52,050 46,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 43,720 45,360 42,200 43,720 45,360 42,200 41,560 43,080 40,120 41,560 43,080 40,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 3,005,805 1,475,565 1,530,240 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 534,070 276,070 258,000 17.8 18.7 16.9 7,196,545 3,696,540 3,500,005 19.8 20.6 19.0
0 to 5 years 164,685 84,595 80,095 5.5 5.7 5.2 2,225,085 1,140,315 1,084,775 6.1 6.4 5.9
18 to 64 years 1,957,140 960,865 996,275 65.1 65.1 65.1 22,545,065 11,159,405 11,385,665 62.1 62.2 61.9
65 years and over 514,595 238,635 275,965 17.1 16.2 18.0 6,586,865 3,081,285 3,505,580 18.1 17.2 19.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 327,700 153,265 174,435 ... ... ... 4,016,065 1,881,305 2,134,765 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 60,950 31,705 29,245 ... ... ... 854,565 439,490 415,075 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 17,805 9,135 8,670 ... ... ... 282,315 144,250 138,065 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 193,505 91,425 102,080 ... ... ... 2,175,755 1,050,115 1,125,640 ... ... ...
65 years and over 73,245 30,135 43,110 ... ... ... 985,745 391,695 594,050 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 10.9 10.4 11.4 10.9 10.4 11.4 11.1 10.5 11.6 11.1 10.5 11.6
0 to 17 years (%) 11.4 11.5 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.3 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9
0 to 5 years (%) 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7
18 to 64 years (%) 9.9 9.5 10.3 9.9 9.5 10.3 9.7 9.4 9.9 9.7 9.4 9.9
65 years and over (%) 14.2 12.6 15.6 14.2 12.6 15.6 15.0 12.7 16.9 15.0 12.7 16.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 2,981,940 1,463,880 1,518,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 35,837,970 17,691,535 18,146,440 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 529,955 273,920 256,040 17.8 18.7 16.9 7,043,545 3,618,040 3,425,505 19.7 20.5 18.9
0 to 5 years 163,405 83,950 79,455 5.5 5.7 5.2 2,175,935 1,115,010 1,060,925 6.1 6.3 5.8
18 to 64 years 1,943,545 954,145 989,395 65.2 65.2 65.2 22,262,940 11,019,070 11,243,865 62.1 62.3 62.0
65 years and over 508,435 235,820 272,620 17.1 16.1 18.0 6,531,490 3,054,420 3,477,065 18.2 17.3 19.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 213,330 105,680 107,650 ... ... ... 1,863,335 950,150 913,180 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 33,605 17,585 16,020 ... ... ... 319,545 164,490 155,060 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 8,940 4,625 4,310 ... ... ... 99,435 50,875 48,560 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 152,845 76,375 76,470 ... ... ... 1,344,640 702,660 641,975 ... ... ...
65 years and over 26,885 11,725 15,160 ... ... ... 199,155 83,010 116,145 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 7.2 7.2 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.1 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.0
0 to 17 years (%) 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.3 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5
0 to 5 years (%) 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.4 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6
18 to 64 years (%) 7.9 8.0 7.7 7.9 8.0 7.7 6.0 6.4 5.7 6.0 6.4 5.7
65 years and over (%) 5.3 5.0 5.6 5.3 5.0 5.6 3.1 2.7 3.3 3.1 2.7 3.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 3,005,810 1,475,565 1,530,240 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 100.0 100.0 100.0
In bottom half of the distribution 1,355,115 648,620 706,495 45.1 44.0 46.2 18,164,550 8,775,210 9,389,345 50.0 48.9 51.1
In bottom decile 323,165 155,350 167,815 10.8 10.5 11.0 3,632,735 1,759,660 1,873,070 10.0 9.8 10.2
In second decile 255,560 118,845 136,710 8.5 8.1 8.9 3,632,975 1,695,310 1,937,660 10.0 9.5 10.5
In third decile 250,180 119,485 130,695 8.3 8.1 8.5 3,632,895 1,752,160 1,880,735 10.0 9.8 10.2
In fourth decile 256,460 123,830 132,630 8.5 8.4 8.7 3,632,745 1,775,535 1,857,210 10.0 9.9 10.1
In fifth decile 269,745 131,105 138,640 9.0 8.9 9.1 3,633,205 1,792,540 1,840,670 10.0 10.0 10.0
In top half of the distribution 1,650,695 826,945 823,750 54.9 56.0 53.8 18,163,925 9,162,020 9,001,900 50.0 51.1 48.9
In sixth decile 283,615 139,410 144,210 9.4 9.4 9.4 3,632,910 1,810,370 1,822,535 10.0 10.1 9.9
In seventh decile 300,270 148,875 151,400 10.0 10.1 9.9 3,632,765 1,819,535 1,813,230 10.0 10.1 9.9
In eighth decile 321,730 160,730 161,000 10.7 10.9 10.5 3,632,555 1,829,025 1,803,530 10.0 10.2 9.8
In ninth decile 351,065 176,775 174,290 11.7 12.0 11.4 3,632,930 1,841,520 1,791,415 10.0 10.3 9.7
In top decile 394,010 201,160 192,855 13.1 13.6 12.6 3,632,765 1,861,575 1,771,195 10.0 10.4 9.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 3,005,810 ... ... 3,005,810 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.359 ... ... 0.359 ... ... 0.347 ... ... 0.347 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.455 ... ... 0.455 ... ... 0.462 ... ... 0.462 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.316 ... ... 0.316 ... ... 0.302 ... ... 0.302 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 4.2 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 3,021,745 1,483,570 1,538,175 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 2,674,810 1,333,195 1,341,620 88.5 89.9 87.2 25,261,655 12,620,855 12,640,800 69.0 69.9 68.1
French only 1,220 565 655 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,087,895 1,914,500 2,173,390 11.2 10.6 11.7
English and French 193,540 86,750 106,785 6.4 5.8 6.9 6,581,680 3,244,350 3,337,330 18.0 18.0 18.0
Neither English nor French 152,175 63,060 89,120 5.0 4.3 5.8 689,725 284,170 405,555 1.9 1.6 2.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 3,021,745 1,483,570 1,538,175 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 2,826,240 1,399,440 1,426,790 93.5 94.3 92.8 27,643,140 13,696,115 13,947,025 75.5 75.8 75.2
French 30,500 15,280 15,220 1.0 1.0 1.0 7,828,545 3,854,435 3,974,110 21.4 21.3 21.4
English and French 15,190 6,895 8,295 0.5 0.5 0.5 476,175 237,635 238,535 1.3 1.3 1.3
Neither English nor French 149,825 61,955 87,870 5.0 4.2 5.7 673,100 275,685 397,420 1.8 1.5 2.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 3,021,745 1,483,570 1,538,175 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 2,867,560 1,409,465 1,458,095 94.9 95.0 94.8 35,145,265 17,344,665 17,800,600 96.0 96.0 95.9
Official languages 1,675,445 851,645 823,800 55.4 57.4 53.6 27,296,445 13,583,930 13,712,510 74.5 75.2 73.9
English 1,645,910 836,710 809,195 54.5 56.4 52.6 20,107,200 10,036,360 10,070,835 54.9 55.6 54.3
French 29,535 14,935 14,605 1.0 1.0 0.9 7,189,245 3,547,565 3,641,675 19.6 19.6 19.6
Non-official languages 1,192,120 557,820 634,295 39.5 37.6 41.2 7,848,820 3,760,725 4,088,090 21.4 20.8 22.0
Indigenous languages39 780 355 420 0.0 0.0 0.0 148,895 71,630 77,265 0.4 0.4 0.4
Algonquian languages 305 150 160 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,125 46,545 50,580 0.3 0.3 0.3
Blackfoot 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,520 1,180 1,340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 210 105 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 67,665 32,715 34,950 0.2 0.2 0.2
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,500 2,825 2,670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 210 110 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,070 25,645 27,430 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 70 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 300 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,460 1,675 1,785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,475 1,075 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,025 2,345 2,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,850 1,370 1,480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,535 18,810 19,725 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,465 3,930 4,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 310 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,155 2,415 2,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,910 2,290 2,620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 125 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 70 25 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,775 10,230 11,550 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 865 400 460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,310 4,525 4,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 60 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,605 5,300 6,300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 235 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,880 850 1,030 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,185 4,190 4,995 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 95 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,885 6,200 6,680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 90 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,785 6,155 6,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 280 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,060 3,865 4,190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 70 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,505 755 755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 195 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 120 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 840 440 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,390 725 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 5 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 210 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 40 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 50 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 15 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,790 16,480 17,315 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 220 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 140 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 85 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,200 16,240 16,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 150 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 115 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 220 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 185 90 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,095 520 575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 100 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 125 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 80 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,040 485 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 245 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 180 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 515 515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 590 300 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 155 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 180 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 5 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 95 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 1,191,340 557,460 633,875 39.4 37.6 41.2 7,699,925 3,689,100 4,010,830 21.0 20.4 21.6
Afro-Asiatic languages 28,365 15,060 13,310 0.9 1.0 0.9 698,355 359,625 338,730 1.9 2.0 1.8
Berber languages 90 55 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,490 14,715 12,775 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kabyle 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,760 13,130 11,625 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamazight 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,340 1,365 975 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 225 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 40 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,985 1,085 905 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 30 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,315 740 570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 675 340 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015 510 505 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 1,745 880 865 0.1 0.1 0.1 49,410 23,275 26,135 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,020 1,085 935 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 250 140 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,905 3,015 2,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 1,405 700 705 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,730 18,775 21,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 755 400 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 26,485 14,090 12,400 0.9 0.9 0.8 618,450 320,045 298,405 1.7 1.8 1.6
Amharic 1,365 670 700 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,685 12,090 13,600 0.1 0.1 0.1
Arabic 19,250 10,260 8,995 0.6 0.7 0.6 508,410 265,350 243,060 1.4 1.5 1.3
Aramaic languages 1,480 755 720 0.0 0.1 0.0 27,690 13,465 14,220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 565 295 275 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,220 8,320 8,900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 795 400 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,860 4,335 4,525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 120 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,600 805 795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 15 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 550 675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 1,975 1,110 865 0.1 0.1 0.1 19,495 10,505 8,995 0.1 0.1 0.0
Maltese 80 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,425 2,080 2,340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 2,295 1,235 1,060 0.1 0.1 0.1 31,075 15,775 15,300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 450 235 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 30,095 13,480 16,615 1.0 0.9 1.1 192,985 87,230 105,750 0.5 0.5 0.6
Khmer (Cambodian) 1,255 550 710 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,525 8,820 10,705 0.1 0.0 0.1
Vietnamese 28,790 12,910 15,880 1.0 0.9 1.0 173,000 78,180 94,820 0.5 0.4 0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 230 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 89,010 37,020 51,990 2.9 2.5 3.4 565,375 238,875 326,500 1.5 1.3 1.8
Bikol 375 160 215 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,115 940 1,180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 1,065 435 630 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,215 3,425 4,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 2,805 1,145 1,660 0.1 0.1 0.1 18,945 7,800 11,145 0.1 0.0 0.1
Fijian 285 140 145 0.0 0.0 0.0 605 325 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 1,640 660 985 0.1 0.0 0.1 9,690 3,900 5,795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 5,650 2,380 3,270 0.2 0.2 0.2 33,520 14,140 19,380 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 3,740 1,630 2,110 0.1 0.1 0.1 11,910 4,990 6,920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 185 75 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,100 465 640 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 105 40 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 275 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,085 990 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,245 580 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 415 425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 300 145 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 570 760 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 745 335 410 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,615 2,635 2,980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 360 150 205 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,050 900 1,150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 70,695 29,245 41,450 2.3 2.0 2.7 461,150 194,805 266,345 1.3 1.1 1.4
Waray-Waray 265 115 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,625 690 935 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 770 355 415 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,740 2,035 2,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 730 365 370 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,235 35,650 42,580 0.2 0.2 0.2
Haitian Creole 85 50 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,435 23,355 29,085 0.1 0.1 0.2
Jamaican English Creole 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 600 315 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 365 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 330 150 180 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,125 3,015 3,110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 280 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 125 70 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,550 7,325 8,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,135 1,000 1,140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 11,045 5,920 5,125 0.4 0.4 0.3 244,165 125,180 118,990 0.7 0.7 0.6
Kannada 490 250 240 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,240 3,215 3,020 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 3,425 1,790 1,640 0.1 0.1 0.1 54,050 29,375 24,670 0.1 0.2 0.1
Tamil 4,615 2,410 2,205 0.2 0.2 0.1 152,850 75,010 77,845 0.4 0.4 0.4
Telugu 2,435 1,430 1,005 0.1 0.1 0.1 30,045 17,095 12,950 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tulu 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 310 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 170 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 140 90 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,180 1,175 1,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 80 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 565 265 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 538,995 264,660 274,330 17.8 17.8 17.8 4,124,860 2,018,340 2,106,520 11.3 11.2 11.4
Albanian 1,320 680 640 0.0 0.0 0.0 29,265 14,690 14,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 1,230 595 635 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,720 16,335 17,385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Balto-Slavic languages 60,970 28,230 32,735 2.0 1.9 2.1 648,810 297,100 351,710 1.8 1.6 1.9
Baltic languages 700 295 410 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,560 4,425 6,135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 335 145 190 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,430 1,875 2,555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 365 150 220 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,130 2,555 3,580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 60,265 27,935 32,325 2.0 1.9 2.1 638,250 292,670 345,580 1.7 1.6 1.9
Belarusian 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 720 325 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 1,755 835 925 0.1 0.1 0.1 19,035 9,090 9,950 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czech 3,925 1,835 2,085 0.1 0.1 0.1 20,025 9,215 10,815 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 255 125 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,795 7,075 7,720 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 11,720 5,395 6,325 0.4 0.4 0.4 160,170 72,120 88,050 0.4 0.4 0.5
Russian 21,715 9,805 11,915 0.7 0.7 0.8 197,905 89,100 108,800 0.5 0.5 0.6
Rusyn 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 240 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 13,705 6,760 6,940 0.5 0.5 0.5 116,735 56,900 59,835 0.3 0.3 0.3
Bosnian 1,440 705 735 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,820 6,785 7,040 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 5,160 2,470 2,685 0.2 0.2 0.2 43,500 20,755 22,740 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 6,855 3,455 3,395 0.2 0.2 0.2 57,425 28,410 29,015 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 250 130 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,995 945 1,045 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 2,475 1,100 1,375 0.1 0.1 0.1 15,255 6,930 8,320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 540 245 290 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,965 3,425 4,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 4,100 1,800 2,295 0.1 0.1 0.1 84,705 38,005 46,695 0.2 0.2 0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 235 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 240 140 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,150 1,110 1,045 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 85 50 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 665 355 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 210 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 95 60 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 825 410 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 135 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 41,905 19,850 22,055 1.4 1.3 1.4 463,400 221,365 242,035 1.3 1.2 1.3
Frisian 115 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,570 800 775 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 25,965 12,195 13,775 0.9 0.8 0.9 301,570 142,580 158,990 0.8 0.8 0.9
German 24,930 11,695 13,240 0.8 0.8 0.9 272,865 128,250 144,615 0.7 0.7 0.8
Pennsylvania German 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,065 4,530 4,540 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 870 415 455 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,575 3,740 3,835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 155 80 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,060 6,060 6,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 11,670 5,650 6,020 0.4 0.4 0.4 138,655 67,815 70,840 0.4 0.4 0.4
Afrikaans 1,870 920 950 0.1 0.1 0.1 12,270 6,175 6,095 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 9,040 4,360 4,680 0.3 0.3 0.3 80,315 39,000 41,310 0.2 0.2 0.2
Low German, n.o.s. 75 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,670 4,255 4,420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,270 650 625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 500 245 255 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,200 16,410 16,785 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vlaams (Flemish) 140 75 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,935 1,325 1,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 4,105 1,920 2,180 0.1 0.1 0.1 20,275 9,500 10,775 0.1 0.1 0.1
Danish 1,890 915 980 0.1 0.1 0.1 9,945 4,750 5,195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 140 65 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 905 430 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 780 365 415 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,535 1,675 1,860 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 1,290 580 715 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,890 2,645 3,245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 55 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 670 660 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 4,510 2,335 2,180 0.1 0.2 0.1 93,335 45,860 47,470 0.3 0.3 0.3
Indo-Iranian languages 338,130 168,500 169,630 11.2 11.4 11.0 1,659,505 847,400 812,105 4.5 4.7 4.4
Indo-Aryan languages 278,825 138,875 139,950 9.2 9.4 9.1 1,358,645 697,075 661,575 3.7 3.9 3.6
Assamese 70 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 3,935 2,155 1,780 0.1 0.1 0.1 87,580 45,160 42,425 0.2 0.3 0.2
Gujarati 7,270 3,615 3,650 0.2 0.2 0.2 138,985 73,335 65,655 0.4 0.4 0.4
Hindi 29,280 14,480 14,805 1.0 1.0 1.0 152,825 79,585 73,240 0.4 0.4 0.4
Kacchi 1,140 485 650 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,930 3,100 3,830 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 65 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 745 395 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 250 130 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,425 1,675 1,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 1,415 720 690 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,145 7,330 6,810 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 1,320 670 650 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,425 11,920 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 100 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,775 940 835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,125 615 510 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 325 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 220,295 109,575 110,715 7.3 7.4 7.2 666,585 341,515 325,065 1.8 1.9 1.8
Rohingya 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 220 115 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,985 2,070 1,915 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 1,680 830 850 0.1 0.1 0.1 18,000 8,895 9,110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 11,145 5,635 5,510 0.4 0.4 0.4 235,290 118,540 116,755 0.6 0.7 0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 580 295 285 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,865 2,085 1,780 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 59,270 29,605 29,665 2.0 2.0 1.9 300,555 150,160 150,390 0.8 0.8 0.8
Baluchi 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 305 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 2,650 1,430 1,215 0.1 0.1 0.1 16,485 8,770 7,715 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 140 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 310 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 1,260 705 555 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,520 10,170 9,355 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian languages 55,090 27,325 27,770 1.8 1.8 1.8 262,625 130,180 132,440 0.7 0.7 0.7
Dari 5,830 2,880 2,955 0.2 0.2 0.2 57,220 28,070 29,155 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian Persian 44,230 21,930 22,305 1.5 1.5 1.5 179,425 89,070 90,360 0.5 0.5 0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 5,030 2,520 2,515 0.2 0.2 0.2 25,975 13,040 12,930 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 425 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 165 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 90,675 44,335 46,340 3.0 3.0 3.0 1,194,290 574,295 619,995 3.3 3.2 3.3
Catalan 170 95 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 905 470 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 13,910 7,035 6,870 0.5 0.5 0.4 319,505 154,295 165,205 0.9 0.9 0.9
Portuguese 18,875 8,960 9,915 0.6 0.6 0.6 240,680 115,235 125,450 0.7 0.6 0.7
Romanian 7,565 3,650 3,915 0.3 0.2 0.3 93,160 44,185 48,975 0.3 0.2 0.3
Spanish 50,095 24,560 25,535 1.7 1.7 1.7 538,870 259,500 279,375 1.5 1.4 1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,165 610 550 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 385 195 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 18,325 6,075 12,250 0.6 0.4 0.8 43,850 14,205 29,650 0.1 0.1 0.2
Korean 54,685 24,440 30,245 1.8 1.6 2.0 170,400 77,075 93,325 0.5 0.4 0.5
Mongolian 410 175 235 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,850 800 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 3,745 1,875 1,870 0.1 0.1 0.1 108,295 52,850 55,440 0.3 0.3 0.3
Akan (Twi) 445 250 195 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,120 6,400 6,720 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,855 1,000 860 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,685 745 940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 85 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 1,030 920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,520 1,825 1,695 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 400 415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 135 65 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,890 885 1,010 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 320 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 210 105 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,175 2,720 2,460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 225 110 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,380 3,365 4,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,260 1,925 2,335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 245 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 515 260 260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 365 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 920 420 500 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 200 90 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,660 4,035 4,625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 235 105 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,605 1,665 1,940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 315 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 45 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 200 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 870 420 450 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,000 7,630 8,370 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,030 495 535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,890 2,605 2,285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 375 210 170 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,015 7,605 7,410 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 550 280 275 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,000 6,405 6,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 360 180 175 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,920 3,565 3,355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,865 1,000 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,090 515 570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 185 100 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,395 1,745 1,645 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 575 305 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 650 355 290 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,955 3,710 3,250 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 575 315 260 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,965 2,635 2,335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 990 520 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,005 555 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 398,835 180,400 218,430 13.2 12.2 14.2 1,309,825 602,025 707,800 3.6 3.3 3.8
Chinese languages 396,490 179,265 217,230 13.1 12.1 14.1 1,292,640 593,580 699,055 3.5 3.3 3.8
Hakka 1,970 855 1,115 0.1 0.1 0.1 9,765 4,420 5,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 193,520 86,365 107,150 6.4 5.8 7.0 679,255 310,750 368,510 1.9 1.7 2.0
Min Dong 175 85 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,310 665 645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 11,320 5,060 6,260 0.4 0.3 0.4 27,805 12,415 15,390 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wu (Shanghainese) 3,090 1,360 1,730 0.1 0.1 0.1 8,880 3,995 4,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 184,105 84,490 99,610 6.1 5.7 6.5 553,380 255,540 297,835 1.5 1.4 1.6
Chinese, n.o.s. 2,185 995 1,195 0.1 0.1 0.1 11,610 5,500 6,110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 125 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 630 295 330 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 2,275 1,100 1,165 0.1 0.1 0.1 16,600 8,160 8,445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 945 450 490 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,305 1,590 1,710 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 205 90 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 400 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 685 335 355 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,520 2,240 2,275 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 620 295 325 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,900 1,940 1,960 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 305 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 325 165 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,025 3,475 3,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 115 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 445 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 285 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 3,355 1,155 2,195 0.1 0.1 0.1 22,350 8,605 13,745 0.1 0.0 0.1
Lao 1,010 485 530 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,485 5,475 6,010 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 2,235 625 1,610 0.1 0.0 0.1 10,455 2,960 7,495 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 110 45 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 165 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 5,405 2,945 2,460 0.2 0.2 0.2 53,520 28,385 25,135 0.1 0.2 0.1
Azerbaijani 575 315 265 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,490 2,460 2,030 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 100 40 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 540 230 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 4,215 2,355 1,860 0.1 0.2 0.1 44,190 23,615 20,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 225 110 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,355 660 690 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 140 65 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,805 890 920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 150 65 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,150 530 620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 7,015 3,175 3,840 0.2 0.2 0.2 68,180 31,000 37,180 0.2 0.2 0.2
Estonian 380 160 220 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,485 1,945 2,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 1,655 650 1,005 0.1 0.0 0.1 12,200 5,075 7,120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 4,980 2,365 2,615 0.2 0.2 0.2 51,500 23,980 27,525 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other languages, n.i.e. 110 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,060 540 520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 154,185 74,105 80,075 5.1 5.0 5.2 1,475,690 719,210 756,480 4.0 4.0 4.1
English and French 9,690 4,750 4,935 0.3 0.3 0.3 291,325 142,420 148,905 0.8 0.8 0.8
English and non-official language(s) 126,145 61,115 65,025 4.2 4.1 4.2 921,480 450,685 470,800 2.5 2.5 2.5
French and non-official language(s) 1,890 895 995 0.1 0.1 0.1 117,910 57,875 60,040 0.3 0.3 0.3
English, French and non-official language(s) 2,350 1,055 1,295 0.1 0.1 0.1 52,880 25,900 26,975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 14,110 6,285 7,825 0.5 0.4 0.5 92,095 42,330 49,765 0.3 0.2 0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 3,021,745 1,483,570 1,538,175 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 1,751,350 883,115 868,230 58.0 59.5 56.4 20,920,835 10,420,570 10,500,270 57.1 57.7 56.6
French 6,270 3,085 3,185 0.2 0.2 0.2 6,456,960 3,188,280 3,268,685 17.6 17.7 17.6
Non-official language 427,150 198,295 228,860 14.1 13.4 14.9 2,402,180 1,139,865 1,262,315 6.6 6.3 6.8
Indigenous39 105 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,460 25,385 25,080 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 427,040 198,245 228,800 14.1 13.4 14.9 2,351,720 1,114,475 1,237,240 6.4 6.2 6.7
English and French 24,385 11,665 12,715 0.8 0.8 0.8 953,760 465,560 488,205 2.6 2.6 2.6
English and non-official language(s) 757,670 362,610 395,055 25.1 24.4 25.7 4,835,815 2,350,245 2,485,570 13.2 13.0 13.4
French and non-official language(s) 860 385 475 0.0 0.0 0.0 395,320 188,195 207,125 1.1 1.0 1.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 17,150 7,785 9,365 0.6 0.5 0.6 455,760 217,995 237,770 1.2 1.2 1.3
Multiple non-official languages 36,925 16,635 20,290 1.2 1.1 1.3 200,320 93,165 107,155 0.5 0.5 0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 3,021,745 1,483,570 1,538,175 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 2,848,865 1,400,800 1,448,065 94.3 94.4 94.1 35,057,615 17,305,575 17,752,035 95.7 95.8 95.7
Official languages 2,076,235 1,036,440 1,039,800 68.7 69.9 67.6 30,421,050 15,070,205 15,350,850 83.1 83.4 82.7
English 2,066,135 1,031,500 1,034,640 68.4 69.5 67.3 23,376,200 11,588,715 11,787,485 63.8 64.2 63.5
French 10,095 4,935 5,160 0.3 0.3 0.3 7,044,855 3,481,490 3,563,365 19.2 19.3 19.2
Non-official languages 772,630 364,360 408,270 25.6 24.6 26.5 4,636,560 2,235,370 2,401,190 12.7 12.4 12.9
Indigenous languages39 155 75 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 85,835 42,950 42,885 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algonquian languages 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,135 25,010 25,120 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 980 495 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,255 19,165 19,090 0.1 0.1 0.1
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,345 2,285 2,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,700 13,425 13,270 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 300 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,545 1,225 1,315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 665 305 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,455 730 725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 830 430 405 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,585 10,400 10,180 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,710 3,190 3,520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 260 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,650 1,250 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,595 1,225 1,365 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,250 4,100 4,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,540 2,305 2,235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,480 1,685 1,800 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 70 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 195 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,925 1,405 1,515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,260 3,675 3,585 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,230 3,655 3,575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 100 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,255 2,610 2,650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 705 390 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 110 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 220 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 755 420 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,295 13,695 13,600 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 65 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,140 13,625 13,520 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 80 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 130 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 110 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 115 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 772,475 364,285 408,190 25.6 24.6 26.5 4,550,725 2,192,420 2,358,305 12.4 12.1 12.7
Afro-Asiatic languages 17,140 8,640 8,495 0.6 0.6 0.6 395,840 197,010 198,830 1.1 1.1 1.1
Berber languages 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,295 5,940 5,355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 15 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,180 5,325 4,850 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 840 455 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 155 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 425 410 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 635 330 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 95 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 1,025 495 530 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,375 14,115 16,260 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,645 890 760 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 125 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,890 1,935 1,960 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 855 405 450 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,410 11,075 13,335 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 215 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 16,080 8,130 7,950 0.5 0.5 0.5 352,790 176,270 176,520 1.0 1.0 1.0
Amharic 645 305 345 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,030 6,470 7,565 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 11,650 5,855 5,790 0.4 0.4 0.4 285,915 143,650 142,260 0.8 0.8 0.8
Aramaic languages 1,105 535 570 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,740 9,940 10,800 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 390 190 195 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,935 6,150 6,785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 595 285 315 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,585 3,185 3,400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 120 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 605 615 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 305 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 925 490 440 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,515 4,355 4,160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 360 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 1,725 930 790 0.1 0.1 0.1 21,860 11,050 10,810 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 135 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 19,265 8,765 10,500 0.6 0.6 0.7 127,730 58,660 69,070 0.3 0.3 0.4
Khmer (Cambodian) 660 300 355 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,650 4,765 5,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 18,575 8,445 10,130 0.6 0.6 0.7 116,785 53,735 63,055 0.3 0.3 0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 160 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 47,560 21,370 26,190 1.6 1.4 1.7 326,245 149,550 176,700 0.9 0.8 1.0
Bikol 115 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 370 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 460 205 255 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,125 1,895 2,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 1,435 650 785 0.0 0.0 0.1 10,195 4,720 5,480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 85 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 110 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 775 345 430 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,015 2,265 2,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 2,950 1,340 1,615 0.1 0.1 0.1 18,350 8,350 10,000 0.1 0.0 0.1
Indonesian 1,315 645 670 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,150 1,985 2,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 100 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 265 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 150 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 725 370 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 165 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 205 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 145 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 365 170 200 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,030 1,435 1,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 130 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 310 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 39,305 17,560 21,745 1.3 1.2 1.4 275,045 125,870 149,170 0.8 0.7 0.8
Waray-Waray 110 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 325 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 305 150 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,100 1,000 1,105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 370 170 200 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,195 15,455 19,740 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haitian Creole 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,610 9,620 12,990 0.1 0.1 0.1
Jamaican English Creole 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 125 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 150 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 210 100 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,640 1,760 1,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 135 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,120 3,275 3,845 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 55 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 395 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 6,730 3,470 3,265 0.2 0.2 0.2 169,705 85,265 84,440 0.5 0.5 0.5
Kannada 205 110 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,060 1,575 1,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 2,060 1,065 1,000 0.1 0.1 0.1 35,390 19,010 16,380 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 2,965 1,475 1,490 0.1 0.1 0.1 112,335 54,240 58,095 0.3 0.3 0.3
Telugu 1,460 795 660 0.0 0.1 0.0 18,470 10,215 8,250 0.1 0.1 0.0
Tulu 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 120 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 105 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 90 60 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,335 730 610 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 323,975 159,580 164,395 10.7 10.8 10.7 2,264,155 1,111,775 1,152,380 6.2 6.2 6.2
Albanian 535 270 260 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,110 7,005 7,100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 645 305 340 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,970 10,415 11,550 0.1 0.1 0.1
Balto-Slavic languages 28,295 13,525 14,770 0.9 0.9 1.0 303,480 143,495 159,985 0.8 0.8 0.9
Baltic languages 175 90 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,495 1,120 1,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 395 485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,615 720 895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 28,120 13,435 14,680 0.9 0.9 1.0 300,985 142,375 158,610 0.8 0.8 0.9
Belarusian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 100 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 790 375 415 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,315 5,005 5,310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 1,265 635 630 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,680 2,705 2,980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 100 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,105 2,880 3,225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 4,290 2,025 2,265 0.1 0.1 0.1 65,140 30,225 34,915 0.2 0.2 0.2
Russian 13,395 6,365 7,030 0.4 0.4 0.5 125,780 59,290 66,490 0.3 0.3 0.4
Rusyn 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 155 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 6,080 2,955 3,125 0.2 0.2 0.2 53,150 25,720 27,430 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 665 315 355 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,480 3,135 3,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 1,615 745 870 0.1 0.1 0.1 14,925 6,965 7,960 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 3,725 1,855 1,870 0.1 0.1 0.1 31,110 15,310 15,800 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 640 315 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 860 415 445 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,015 2,410 2,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,375 595 785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 1,275 590 685 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,825 13,250 14,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 55 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 295 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 165 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 5,160 2,430 2,730 0.2 0.2 0.2 140,450 68,575 71,875 0.4 0.4 0.4
Frisian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 110 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 3,085 1,435 1,655 0.1 0.1 0.1 103,780 50,460 53,325 0.3 0.3 0.3
German 2,975 1,380 1,595 0.1 0.1 0.1 86,820 41,815 45,005 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,270 3,640 3,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 105 45 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,750 870 875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,950 4,140 3,810 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 1,630 785 845 0.1 0.1 0.1 33,710 16,730 16,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afrikaans 815 405 415 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,095 3,055 3,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 735 345 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,100 3,950 4,150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,965 2,480 2,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 490 240 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,845 6,895 6,945 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 100 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 435 210 225 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 920 1,020 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 150 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 280 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 75 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 125 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 200 95 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 435 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 740 355 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 1,620 750 865 0.1 0.1 0.1 38,300 17,490 20,810 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 243,405 120,610 122,795 8.1 8.1 8.0 1,167,370 590,435 576,930 3.2 3.3 3.1
Indo-Aryan languages 202,565 100,780 101,785 6.7 6.8 6.6 962,820 490,815 472,000 2.6 2.7 2.5
Assamese 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 110 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 2,300 1,180 1,125 0.1 0.1 0.1 56,750 28,435 28,315 0.2 0.2 0.2
Gujarati 3,670 1,790 1,885 0.1 0.1 0.1 92,005 47,790 44,215 0.3 0.3 0.2
Hindi 16,065 7,905 8,160 0.5 0.5 0.5 91,930 47,555 44,375 0.3 0.3 0.2
Kacchi 455 185 265 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,055 1,310 1,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 130 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 415 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 710 365 350 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,460 3,800 3,660 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 880 440 440 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,835 8,595 8,235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 420 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 525 275 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 145 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 169,525 84,505 85,025 5.6 5.7 5.5 520,390 266,775 253,610 1.4 1.5 1.4
Rohingya 60 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 195 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,110 1,060 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 835 390 445 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,665 4,775 4,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 7,605 3,775 3,830 0.3 0.3 0.2 158,040 78,420 79,615 0.4 0.4 0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 240 120 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,015 1,040 975 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 40,835 19,830 21,005 1.4 1.3 1.4 204,420 99,545 104,875 0.6 0.6 0.6
Baluchi 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 1,700 865 830 0.1 0.1 0.1 10,380 5,245 5,135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 130 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 850 455 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,215 6,670 6,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 38,155 18,440 19,720 1.3 1.2 1.3 179,745 87,075 92,670 0.5 0.5 0.5
Dari 3,620 1,755 1,865 0.1 0.1 0.1 36,190 17,395 18,795 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian Persian 31,260 15,105 16,160 1.0 1.0 1.1 125,840 61,060 64,780 0.3 0.3 0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 3,280 1,580 1,700 0.1 0.1 0.1 17,715 8,620 9,095 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 475 250 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 70 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 44,290 21,655 22,635 1.5 1.5 1.5 577,735 273,965 303,770 1.6 1.5 1.6
Catalan 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 185 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 3,410 1,485 1,925 0.1 0.1 0.1 92,755 38,750 54,005 0.3 0.2 0.3
Portuguese 10,830 5,235 5,595 0.4 0.4 0.4 118,730 56,685 62,045 0.3 0.3 0.3
Romanian 3,275 1,565 1,705 0.1 0.1 0.1 48,090 23,135 24,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Spanish 26,690 13,330 13,360 0.9 0.9 0.9 317,365 155,005 162,360 0.9 0.9 0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 210 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 95 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 8,925 3,680 5,250 0.3 0.2 0.3 20,055 8,290 11,765 0.1 0.0 0.1
Korean 41,785 19,140 22,640 1.4 1.3 1.5 125,525 58,250 67,275 0.3 0.3 0.4
Mongolian 215 115 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,050 505 545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 1,225 590 635 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,600 18,055 20,545 0.1 0.1 0.1
Akan (Twi) 145 75 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,000 2,755 3,240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 280 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 150 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 225 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,315 665 650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 115 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 260 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,530 770 765 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 80 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,720 1,205 1,520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,520 655 860 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 35 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 130 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 120 55 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,780 1,760 2,025 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 480 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 145 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 45 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 325 150 170 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,055 3,290 3,765 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 130 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,945 1,040 910 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 130 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,395 2,505 2,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 175 90 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,720 1,250 1,470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,155 1,555 1,600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 900 485 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 295 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,465 705 760 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 75 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 1,070 595 475 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,160 7,005 5,160 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 905 510 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,175 4,660 3,515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,475 830 645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 165 85 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,520 1,515 1,000 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 298,170 135,290 162,880 9.9 9.1 10.6 967,965 450,210 517,755 2.6 2.5 2.8
Chinese languages 296,585 134,500 162,085 9.8 9.1 10.5 955,685 444,115 511,565 2.6 2.5 2.8
Hakka 585 265 325 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,625 1,645 1,985 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 154,200 70,120 84,085 5.1 4.7 5.5 530,945 249,675 281,270 1.4 1.4 1.5
Min Dong 90 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 775 370 405 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 6,095 2,765 3,330 0.2 0.2 0.2 13,945 6,255 7,685 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 1,950 900 1,050 0.1 0.1 0.1 5,750 2,705 3,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 132,310 59,815 72,495 4.4 4.0 4.7 393,430 180,000 213,435 1.1 1.0 1.2
Chinese, n.o.s. 1,300 575 730 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,985 3,360 3,625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 110 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 1,550 770 775 0.1 0.1 0.1 11,990 5,960 6,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 620 300 320 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,075 1,010 1,070 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 170 85 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 660 320 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 495 260 240 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,400 1,725 1,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 455 235 225 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,960 1,500 1,460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 225 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 210 110 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,395 2,680 2,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 225 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 135 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 1,315 560 755 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,120 4,660 5,460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 475 225 250 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,955 2,850 3,105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 780 305 475 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,955 1,725 2,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 60 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 85 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 2,770 1,400 1,370 0.1 0.1 0.1 32,490 16,530 15,960 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 275 130 145 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,200 1,095 1,105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 2,265 1,165 1,095 0.1 0.1 0.1 27,970 14,290 13,685 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 115 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 850 420 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 950 470 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 195 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 1,680 780 900 0.1 0.1 0.1 18,790 8,625 10,165 0.1 0.0 0.1
Estonian 50 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 245 370 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 300 125 180 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,880 825 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 1,325 630 695 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,295 7,550 8,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 195 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 172,885 82,775 90,110 5.7 5.6 5.9 1,563,345 758,295 805,045 4.3 4.2 4.3
English and French 4,490 2,170 2,320 0.1 0.1 0.2 230,955 112,070 118,880 0.6 0.6 0.6
English and non-official language(s) 161,380 77,395 83,990 5.3 5.2 5.5 1,123,355 546,255 577,095 3.1 3.0 3.1
French and non-official language(s) 455 210 240 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,525 60,405 65,125 0.3 0.3 0.4
English, French and non-official language(s) 1,230 610 630 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,805 27,370 29,430 0.2 0.2 0.2
Multiple non-official languages 5,325 2,390 2,940 0.2 0.2 0.2 26,705 12,190 14,515 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 3,021,745 1,483,575 1,538,175 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,085 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 2,327,135 1,152,890 1,174,245 77.0 77.7 76.3 31,053,450 15,366,470 15,686,980 84.8 85.1 84.5
English 271,775 131,535 140,240 9.0 8.9 9.1 1,956,965 969,380 987,580 5.3 5.4 5.3
French 20,490 9,640 10,845 0.7 0.6 0.7 571,040 268,530 302,510 1.6 1.5 1.6
Non-official language 313,610 147,265 166,345 10.4 9.9 10.8 2,248,130 1,071,870 1,176,260 6.1 5.9 6.3
Indigenous39 890 345 540 0.0 0.0 0.0 63,565 29,285 34,280 0.2 0.2 0.2
Non-Indigenous 312,725 146,920 165,805 10.3 9.9 10.8 2,184,565 1,042,590 1,141,975 6.0 5.8 6.2
English and French 2,380 1,090 1,300 0.1 0.1 0.1 86,185 42,600 43,585 0.2 0.2 0.2
English and non-official language(s) 42,590 20,630 21,960 1.4 1.4 1.4 323,845 161,995 161,850 0.9 0.9 0.9
French and non-official language(s) 8,970 4,015 4,950 0.3 0.3 0.3 134,565 61,575 72,995 0.4 0.3 0.4
English, French and non-official language(s) 555 255 300 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,870 5,975 5,895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 34,245 16,255 17,990 1.1 1.1 1.2 234,905 115,470 119,430 0.6 0.6 0.6
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 3,005,810 1,475,705 1,530,100 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 2,854,010 1,413,060 1,440,945 94.9 95.8 94.2 35,644,660 17,656,300 17,988,360 98.1 98.4 97.8
English 2,852,895 1,412,605 1,440,285 94.9 95.7 94.1 31,628,570 15,769,105 15,859,470 87.1 87.9 86.2
French 194,305 86,875 107,425 6.5 5.9 7.0 10,563,235 5,115,365 5,447,875 29.1 28.5 29.6
Non-official languages 1,503,765 710,210 793,555 50.0 48.1 51.9 10,724,700 5,156,300 5,568,400 29.5 28.7 30.3
Indigenous languages39 3,005 1,315 1,690 0.1 0.1 0.1 243,155 116,360 126,795 0.7 0.6 0.7
Algonquian languages 600 210 395 0.0 0.0 0.0 163,815 78,135 85,675 0.5 0.4 0.5
Blackfoot 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,680 3,120 3,560 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 395 140 265 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,850 50,975 54,870 0.3 0.3 0.3
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,815 3,455 3,360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 395 135 260 0.0 0.0 0.0 87,875 42,340 45,530 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 220 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 895 450 445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,880 2,320 2,555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 45 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,675 2,025 2,645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 155 75 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,005 5,440 6,555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 40 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,110 2,460 2,650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 180 50 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 61,000 29,930 31,070 0.2 0.2 0.2
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,745 4,935 5,805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 515 525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 35 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,035 4,770 5,260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 35 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,245 4,370 4,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820 420 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 150 60 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,865 20,015 22,850 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,950 895 1,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,305 7,450 7,855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 130 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,160 11,930 14,235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,035 875 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 80 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 25 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,625 1,670 1,955 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 70 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,720 9,495 11,225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 100 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 210 70 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,390 9,635 10,755 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages 180 60 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,135 9,515 10,620 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dakelh (Carrier) 60 0 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550 680 870 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 125 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,560 5,470 6,085 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 115 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,330 1,140 1,190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 775 355 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 195 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,210 620 590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 480 265 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 130 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 140 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,140 1,080 1,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 40 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 400 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 120 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 140 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 75 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 45 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 90 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 85 50 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,795 20,980 21,820 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,140 505 630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 365 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 145 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 85 50 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,680 20,495 21,185 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,055 880 1,175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 95 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,605 655 950 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 105 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 90 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 55 10 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,905 850 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 1,550 750 790 0.1 0.1 0.1 5,305 2,555 2,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 460 230 230 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,415 670 745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 515 240 270 0.0 0.0 0.0 600 285 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 300 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 55 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,090 510 580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 335 165 175 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 165 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 135 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 705 320 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 70 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 190 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,965 1,465 1,495 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 195 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,530 715 810 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 925 470 455 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 180 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 140 65 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,665 1,335 1,335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,135 555 580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 65 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,110 595 515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 210 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 135 50 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,205 1,010 1,200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 145 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 170 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 50 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 820 355 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 315 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 105 45 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 310 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 115 55 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 855 405 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 1,500,995 709,005 791,985 49.9 48.0 51.8 10,485,595 5,041,770 5,443,825 28.9 28.1 29.6
Afro-Asiatic languages 43,220 23,035 20,190 1.4 1.6 1.3 1,100,035 565,845 534,195 3.0 3.2 2.9
Berber languages 130 85 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,835 22,775 20,060 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kabyle 90 65 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,415 19,660 17,755 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamazight 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,735 2,720 2,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 750 575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 220 115 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,090 3,740 3,350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 190 95 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,080 2,695 2,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,010 1,040 965 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 60 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,690 1,790 1,900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 2,375 1,245 1,125 0.1 0.1 0.1 71,930 34,430 37,500 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,745 1,490 1,260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 365 200 165 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,635 4,860 4,780 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 1,980 1,035 945 0.1 0.1 0.1 59,005 27,735 31,270 0.2 0.2 0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 50 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,400 760 645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 41,105 21,960 19,140 1.4 1.5 1.3 1,015,485 524,700 490,780 2.8 2.9 2.7
Amharic 2,645 1,390 1,255 0.1 0.1 0.1 48,305 23,910 24,395 0.1 0.1 0.1
Arabic 30,210 16,325 13,880 1.0 1.1 0.9 838,045 436,510 401,540 2.3 2.4 2.2
Aramaic languages 2,215 1,145 1,075 0.1 0.1 0.1 39,655 19,690 19,965 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 890 495 395 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,865 11,765 12,100 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 1,040 505 535 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,285 6,625 6,655 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 335 170 170 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,195 1,625 1,570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,000 925 1,075 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 5,805 2,955 2,850 0.2 0.2 0.2 83,205 42,515 40,685 0.2 0.2 0.2
Maltese 135 70 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,535 3,080 3,450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 3,150 1,745 1,400 0.1 0.1 0.1 45,970 23,120 22,845 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,760 1,065 695 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 38,555 17,485 21,070 1.3 1.2 1.4 260,030 120,035 139,995 0.7 0.7 0.8
Khmer (Cambodian) 1,780 825 955 0.1 0.1 0.1 28,390 13,100 15,290 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vietnamese 36,910 16,735 20,180 1.2 1.1 1.3 232,800 107,435 125,355 0.6 0.6 0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 910 455 455 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 127,185 53,190 73,995 4.2 3.6 4.8 793,275 336,445 456,840 2.2 1.9 2.5
Bikol 670 340 335 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,260 1,975 2,275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 1,205 515 695 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,990 4,625 6,375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 4,605 1,975 2,635 0.2 0.1 0.2 33,045 13,790 19,250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 875 400 470 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,765 900 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 2,730 1,080 1,650 0.1 0.1 0.1 16,385 6,650 9,735 0.0 0.0 0.1
Ilocano 10,130 4,125 6,015 0.3 0.3 0.4 61,680 25,280 36,400 0.2 0.1 0.2
Indonesian 6,060 2,855 3,210 0.2 0.2 0.2 19,815 8,895 10,915 0.1 0.0 0.1
Kankanaey 295 105 190 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,950 770 1,175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 180 65 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 860 345 510 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 75 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,885 1,960 1,920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,355 1,215 1,140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,565 785 780 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 3,080 1,465 1,620 0.1 0.1 0.1 10,770 4,995 5,775 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 1,345 575 770 0.0 0.0 0.1 10,555 4,690 5,865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 855 360 500 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,455 1,885 2,575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 114,500 47,300 67,195 3.8 3.2 4.4 737,565 310,735 426,830 2.0 1.7 2.3
Waray-Waray 665 275 395 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,520 1,910 2,610 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 2,735 1,235 1,495 0.1 0.1 0.1 20,140 8,785 11,355 0.1 0.0 0.1
Creole languages 2,370 1,210 1,160 0.1 0.1 0.1 184,840 85,045 99,790 0.5 0.5 0.5
Haitian Creole 300 140 160 0.0 0.0 0.0 134,895 61,215 73,680 0.4 0.3 0.4
Jamaican English Creole 140 55 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,875 2,200 2,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 125 50 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 870 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 900 455 440 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,345 7,620 7,725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,535 785 750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 570 320 250 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,220 14,400 16,825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e. 425 225 205 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,585 4,575 5,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 17,260 9,165 8,095 0.6 0.6 0.5 359,485 185,160 174,325 1.0 1.0 0.9
Kannada 1,440 785 660 0.0 0.1 0.0 18,420 9,660 8,760 0.1 0.1 0.0
Malayalam 5,020 2,685 2,340 0.2 0.2 0.2 77,910 42,025 35,890 0.2 0.2 0.2
Tamil 8,570 4,480 4,090 0.3 0.3 0.3 237,890 119,570 118,320 0.7 0.7 0.6
Telugu 4,125 2,335 1,795 0.1 0.2 0.1 54,685 30,575 24,110 0.2 0.2 0.1
Tulu 185 95 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,765 935 835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 970 450 520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 200 120 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,015 1,565 1,445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 160 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 720 365 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 727,650 358,400 369,250 24.2 24.3 24.1 5,849,775 2,867,575 2,982,195 16.1 16.0 16.2
Albanian 1,775 850 925 0.1 0.1 0.1 38,345 19,410 18,935 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 1,465 700 770 0.0 0.0 0.1 44,500 21,675 22,825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Balto-Slavic languages 75,230 35,645 39,590 2.5 2.4 2.6 820,305 384,390 435,915 2.3 2.1 2.4
Baltic languages 955 405 545 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,890 5,900 7,985 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 440 195 245 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,020 2,595 3,425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 515 215 300 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,895 3,325 4,570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 74,575 35,370 39,200 2.5 2.4 2.6 809,985 380,025 429,960 2.2 2.1 2.3
Belarusian 245 110 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,825 1,185 1,640 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 2,070 990 1,080 0.1 0.1 0.1 24,210 11,805 12,400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czech 5,505 2,660 2,840 0.2 0.2 0.2 28,625 13,595 15,030 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 390 200 195 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,015 10,965 12,050 0.1 0.1 0.1
Polish 14,355 6,730 7,625 0.5 0.5 0.5 204,460 94,135 110,325 0.6 0.5 0.6
Russian 31,800 14,920 16,870 1.1 1.0 1.1 309,235 145,375 163,860 0.9 0.8 0.9
Rusyn 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 345 330 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 17,650 8,825 8,825 0.6 0.6 0.6 155,775 76,800 78,975 0.4 0.4 0.4
Bosnian 2,700 1,325 1,375 0.1 0.1 0.1 25,380 12,555 12,825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Croatian 8,525 4,120 4,405 0.3 0.3 0.3 73,845 36,015 37,830 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbian 9,710 4,945 4,765 0.3 0.3 0.3 83,735 41,550 42,185 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 385 205 180 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,085 1,590 1,500 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 3,225 1,455 1,770 0.1 0.1 0.1 20,905 9,455 11,450 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovene (Slovenian) 735 350 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,650 4,715 5,935 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 8,160 3,595 4,565 0.3 0.2 0.3 131,655 59,230 72,425 0.4 0.3 0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 1,985 1,090 900 0.1 0.1 0.1 10,485 5,430 5,055 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 1,415 780 635 0.0 0.1 0.0 5,360 2,940 2,415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 110 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,170 1,050 1,120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 380 195 180 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,170 1,015 1,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 90 55 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 910 495 415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 68,670 32,785 35,885 2.3 2.2 2.3 658,705 319,800 338,905 1.8 1.8 1.8
Frisian 220 110 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,835 1,480 1,350 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 45,410 22,000 23,410 1.5 1.5 1.5 453,995 222,215 231,780 1.2 1.2 1.3
German 44,475 21,520 22,955 1.5 1.5 1.5 419,195 204,840 214,355 1.2 1.1 1.2
Pennsylvania German 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,565 5,260 5,305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 1,200 605 595 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,465 5,025 5,440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 360 170 195 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,155 10,105 10,045 0.1 0.1 0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 18,630 8,925 9,715 0.6 0.6 0.6 191,840 93,435 98,405 0.5 0.5 0.5
Afrikaans 5,615 2,865 2,750 0.2 0.2 0.2 29,670 15,335 14,335 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dutch 12,330 5,760 6,570 0.4 0.4 0.4 107,985 51,330 56,650 0.3 0.3 0.3
Low German, n.o.s. 130 70 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,555 5,245 5,315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,310 640 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 715 325 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,165 20,590 20,575 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vlaams (Flemish) 215 110 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,985 1,825 2,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 7,195 3,240 3,955 0.2 0.2 0.3 37,500 17,205 20,300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Danish 2,730 1,280 1,445 0.1 0.1 0.1 14,700 6,805 7,900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 215 95 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,475 685 790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 1,760 785 980 0.1 0.1 0.1 8,860 4,180 4,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 2,880 1,295 1,595 0.1 0.1 0.1 14,620 6,765 7,855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 100 65 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,275 720 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 7,380 3,810 3,575 0.2 0.3 0.2 145,060 71,685 73,375 0.4 0.4 0.4
Indo-Iranian languages 437,210 219,245 217,965 14.5 14.9 14.2 2,263,825 1,162,830 1,100,990 6.2 6.5 6.0
Indo-Aryan languages 369,375 185,400 183,970 12.3 12.6 12.0 1,918,570 989,350 929,220 5.3 5.5 5.1
Assamese 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,155 590 565 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 5,465 2,900 2,565 0.2 0.2 0.2 120,605 62,330 58,270 0.3 0.3 0.3
Gujarati 12,945 6,305 6,640 0.4 0.4 0.4 209,415 110,000 99,405 0.6 0.6 0.5
Hindi 119,975 59,575 60,400 4.0 4.0 3.9 761,425 395,410 366,015 2.1 2.2 2.0
Kacchi 2,805 1,235 1,565 0.1 0.1 0.1 15,085 6,785 8,300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 160 80 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,830 965 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 670 355 320 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,950 4,300 4,645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 3,005 1,600 1,400 0.1 0.1 0.1 35,230 18,210 17,020 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 1,760 885 875 0.1 0.1 0.1 30,660 15,680 14,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 155 75 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,235 1,665 1,570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 70 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,710 925 785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 80 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550 755 795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 287,835 144,730 143,105 9.6 9.8 9.4 942,170 488,075 454,090 2.6 2.7 2.5
Rohingya 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 345 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 530 270 255 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,385 4,480 3,910 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 3,120 1,465 1,660 0.1 0.1 0.1 33,050 16,645 16,400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Urdu 23,340 12,250 11,090 0.8 0.8 0.7 414,870 211,895 202,975 1.1 1.2 1.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 1,500 760 740 0.0 0.1 0.0 11,320 6,280 5,040 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 70,325 35,210 35,115 2.3 2.4 2.3 370,520 186,750 183,770 1.0 1.0 1.0
Baluchi 155 85 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 985 565 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 3,785 2,055 1,735 0.1 0.1 0.1 24,035 13,005 11,030 0.1 0.1 0.1
Parsi 255 105 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000 535 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 2,510 1,455 1,055 0.1 0.1 0.1 31,695 16,810 14,885 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian languages 65,765 32,835 32,930 2.2 2.2 2.2 326,285 163,665 162,620 0.9 0.9 0.9
Dari 8,035 3,890 4,145 0.3 0.3 0.3 78,220 38,765 39,460 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian Persian 53,055 26,525 26,530 1.8 1.8 1.7 222,160 111,750 110,415 0.6 0.6 0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 5,455 2,835 2,625 0.2 0.2 0.2 30,345 15,460 14,880 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 150 100 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,830 970 855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 150 90 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,135 1,245 895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 154,025 74,355 79,675 5.1 5.0 5.2 2,054,885 975,310 1,079,575 5.7 5.4 5.9
Catalan 485 240 250 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,855 1,560 1,305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 25,740 12,395 13,345 0.9 0.8 0.9 547,655 263,950 283,705 1.5 1.5 1.5
Portuguese 24,975 12,165 12,805 0.8 0.8 0.8 336,865 164,985 171,880 0.9 0.9 0.9
Romanian 9,785 4,775 5,010 0.3 0.3 0.3 116,520 55,570 60,950 0.3 0.3 0.3
Spanish 103,220 49,920 53,295 3.4 3.4 3.5 1,171,450 548,315 623,135 3.2 3.1 3.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 365 210 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,890 2,835 2,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 270 120 145 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,965 1,025 940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 33,530 14,230 19,300 1.1 1.0 1.3 98,070 43,380 54,690 0.3 0.2 0.3
Korean 63,645 28,415 35,230 2.1 1.9 2.3 203,885 92,275 111,605 0.6 0.5 0.6
Mongolian 525 240 285 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,545 1,085 1,455 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 9,945 5,085 4,855 0.3 0.3 0.3 267,520 131,495 136,025 0.7 0.7 0.7
Akan (Twi) 1,070 550 515 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,240 12,585 13,660 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bamanankan 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,950 2,570 2,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 170 85 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,945 2,315 2,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 255 135 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,645 2,490 2,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,840 4,100 3,740 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 165 95 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,255 1,565 1,685 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 325 165 160 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,650 2,055 2,600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 100 30 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,850 750 1,100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 540 300 240 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,365 9,345 9,020 0.1 0.1 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 455 200 255 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,515 6,305 7,210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 390 200 190 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,720 12,260 13,460 0.1 0.1 0.1
Luba-Kasai 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,695 1,300 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,085 1,055 1,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,080 585 490 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 145 65 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,425 1,140 1,285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 290 115 175 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,825 7,070 7,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 485 225 260 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,280 3,440 3,845 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,010 650 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,305 580 725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 4,240 2,215 2,025 0.1 0.2 0.1 57,295 28,950 28,340 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wojenaka 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,820 1,440 1,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 110 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,940 6,925 6,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 1,240 635 605 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,935 25,265 25,675 0.1 0.1 0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 1,640 845 800 0.1 0.1 0.1 43,625 21,935 21,685 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages 545 270 275 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,090 5,570 5,530 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 105 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,815 1,470 1,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,490 685 805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 385 185 200 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,815 3,425 3,385 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 95 55 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,760 1,485 1,275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 4,290 1,815 2,475 0.1 0.1 0.2 49,535 19,685 29,850 0.1 0.1 0.2
American Sign Language 3,885 1,625 2,260 0.1 0.1 0.1 37,620 14,430 23,195 0.1 0.1 0.1
Quebec Sign Language 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,195 2,525 3,670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 500 220 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,450 3,515 3,940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 466,455 213,835 252,620 15.5 14.5 16.5 1,550,930 721,520 829,410 4.3 4.0 4.5
Chinese languages 463,665 212,435 251,230 15.4 14.4 16.4 1,528,860 710,700 818,160 4.2 4.0 4.4
Hakka 3,445 1,580 1,865 0.1 0.1 0.1 14,830 6,845 7,980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 295,850 133,380 162,470 9.8 9.0 10.6 987,300 452,995 534,305 2.7 2.5 2.9
Min Dong 215 85 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,825 840 980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 22,955 10,180 12,775 0.8 0.7 0.8 51,755 22,840 28,920 0.1 0.1 0.2
Wu (Shanghainese) 4,575 1,940 2,635 0.2 0.1 0.2 13,660 6,060 7,600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 235,590 107,825 127,765 7.8 7.3 8.4 724,925 335,185 389,740 2.0 1.9 2.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 1,885 875 1,015 0.1 0.1 0.1 11,720 5,695 6,020 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 240 120 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,185 560 625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 2,980 1,495 1,480 0.1 0.1 0.1 22,300 10,955 11,345 0.1 0.1 0.1
Burmese 1,570 790 780 0.1 0.1 0.1 5,935 2,910 3,025 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 290 125 160 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,140 520 620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 750 370 385 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,705 2,790 2,915 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 700 335 365 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,030 2,490 2,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 75 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 845 395 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 430 225 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,160 4,565 4,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 220 125 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 890 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 190 90 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 540 680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 5,150 2,125 3,025 0.2 0.1 0.2 33,705 14,255 19,440 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lao 1,500 690 810 0.0 0.0 0.1 17,630 8,320 9,310 0.0 0.0 0.1
Thai 3,815 1,480 2,340 0.1 0.1 0.2 18,575 6,955 11,615 0.1 0.0 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 155 80 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 330 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 9,625 4,945 4,675 0.3 0.3 0.3 91,375 47,575 43,800 0.3 0.3 0.2
Azerbaijani 1,525 795 730 0.1 0.1 0.0 9,875 5,380 4,490 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 190 55 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,415 600 815 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 8,105 4,210 3,895 0.3 0.3 0.3 78,500 41,130 37,365 0.2 0.2 0.2
Uyghur 220 110 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,660 790 875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 270 135 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,290 1,645 1,640 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 255 110 145 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,150 980 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 8,345 3,855 4,490 0.3 0.3 0.3 85,055 39,290 45,765 0.2 0.2 0.2
Estonian 410 200 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,315 2,320 2,990 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 1,940 870 1,075 0.1 0.1 0.1 15,325 6,735 8,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 6,010 2,805 3,205 0.2 0.2 0.2 64,625 30,320 34,300 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other languages, n.i.e. 435 200 235 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,545 2,750 2,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 3,005,810 1,475,705 1,530,105 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous identity45 94,610 45,955 48,655 3.1 3.1 3.2 1,807,250 877,645 929,605 5.0 4.9 5.1
Single Indigenous responses46 90,705 44,180 46,525 3.0 3.0 3.0 1,743,165 847,385 895,785 4.8 4.7 4.9
First Nations (North American Indian) 56,320 27,340 28,980 1.9 1.9 1.9 1,048,405 506,515 541,890 2.9 2.8 2.9
Métis 33,715 16,555 17,155 1.1 1.1 1.1 624,220 306,220 318,000 1.7 1.7 1.7
Inuk (Inuit) 665 280 385 0.0 0.0 0.0 70,540 34,645 35,895 0.2 0.2 0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses47 2,290 1,010 1,280 0.1 0.1 0.1 28,855 13,645 15,215 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 1,620 765 855 0.1 0.1 0.1 35,225 16,620 18,610 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous identity 2,911,200 1,429,750 1,481,445 96.9 96.9 96.8 34,521,230 17,059,520 17,461,710 95.0 95.1 94.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 3,005,810 1,475,705 1,530,105 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian49 39,560 19,045 20,515 1.3 1.3 1.3 831,720 402,310 429,405 2.3 2.2 2.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 2,966,250 1,456,660 1,509,590 98.7 98.7 98.7 35,496,755 17,534,850 17,961,905 97.7 97.8 97.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 1,196,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Owner 758,300 ... ... 63.4 ... ... 9,955,975 ... ... 66.5 ... ...
Renter 435,970 ... ... 36.4 ... ... 4,953,840 ... ... 33.1 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 2,215 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 1,196,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Condominium 369,975 ... ... 30.9 ... ... 2,248,280 ... ... 15.0 ... ...
Not condominium 826,510 ... ... 69.1 ... ... 12,730,660 ... ... 85.0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 1,196,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
No bedrooms 23,020 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 132,060 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
1 bedroom 249,580 ... ... 20.9 ... ... 2,124,485 ... ... 14.2 ... ...
2 bedrooms 333,000 ... ... 27.8 ... ... 3,829,965 ... ... 25.6 ... ...
3 bedrooms 270,570 ... ... 22.6 ... ... 4,982,900 ... ... 33.3 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 320,320 ... ... 26.8 ... ... 3,909,525 ... ... 26.1 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 1,196,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 529,955 ... ... 44.3 ... ... 4,662,125 ... ... 31.1 ... ...
5 rooms 165,225 ... ... 13.8 ... ... 2,323,910 ... ... 15.5 ... ...
6 rooms 125,580 ... ... 10.5 ... ... 2,037,185 ... ... 13.6 ... ...
7 rooms 103,120 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 1,796,855 ... ... 12.0 ... ...
8 or more rooms 272,605 ... ... 22.8 ... ... 4,158,855 ... ... 27.8 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 5.5 ... ... 5.5 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 1,196,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 1,149,260 ... ... 96.1 ... ... 14,625,230 ... ... 97.6 ... ...
More than one person per room 47,225 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 353,715 ... ... 2.4 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 1,196,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Suitable 1,103,030 ... ... 92.2 ... ... 14,173,290 ... ... 94.6 ... ...
Not suitable 93,455 ... ... 7.8 ... ... 805,650 ... ... 5.4 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 1,196,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1960 or before 132,525 ... ... 11.1 ... ... 3,027,045 ... ... 20.2 ... ...
1961 to 1980 280,825 ... ... 23.5 ... ... 4,171,840 ... ... 27.9 ... ...
1981 to 1990 176,225 ... ... 14.7 ... ... 1,982,515 ... ... 13.2 ... ...
1991 to 2000 203,865 ... ... 17.0 ... ... 1,805,985 ... ... 12.1 ... ...
2001 to 2005 79,720 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 959,860 ... ... 6.4 ... ...
2006 to 2010 105,270 ... ... 8.8 ... ... 1,034,925 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
2011 to 2015 93,645 ... ... 7.8 ... ... 967,540 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
2016 to 202157 124,400 ... ... 10.4 ... ... 1,029,220 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 1,196,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 1,133,115 ... ... 94.7 ... ... 14,059,395 ... ... 93.9 ... ...
Major repairs needed 63,370 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 919,545 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 1,196,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-maintainer household 584,195 ... ... 48.8 ... ... 7,659,700 ... ... 51.1 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 520,225 ... ... 43.5 ... ... 6,631,755 ... ... 44.3 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 92,060 ... ... 7.7 ... ... 687,485 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 1,196,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
15 to 24 years 34,280 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 424,695 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
25 to 34 years 181,310 ... ... 15.2 ... ... 2,077,895 ... ... 13.9 ... ...
35 to 44 years 216,865 ... ... 18.1 ... ... 2,600,000 ... ... 17.4 ... ...
45 to 54 years 224,055 ... ... 18.7 ... ... 2,646,945 ... ... 17.7 ... ...
55 to 64 years 232,400 ... ... 19.4 ... ... 3,046,560 ... ... 20.3 ... ...
65 to 74 years 178,735 ... ... 14.9 ... ... 2,432,140 ... ... 16.2 ... ...
75 to 84 years 92,620 ... ... 7.7 ... ... 1,292,805 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
85 years and over 36,215 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 457,900 ... ... 3.1 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 1,179,020 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,687,350 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 837,990 ... ... 71.1 ... ... 11,612,640 ... ... 79.1 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 341,030 ... ... 28.9 ... ... 3,074,715 ... ... 20.9 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 285,325 ... ... 24.2 ... ... 2,742,920 ... ... 18.7 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 1,196,480 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 452,535 ... ... 37.8 ... ... 4,379,420 ... ... 29.2 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 301,825 ... ... 25.2 ... ... 2,728,995 ... ... 18.2 ... ...
Not suitable only 67,485 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 595,110 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 39,310 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 645,465 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 19,855 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 135,770 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 17,985 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 199,355 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 4,705 ... ... 0.4 ... ... 64,095 ... ... 0.4 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 1,365 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 10,630 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
Acceptable housing 743,950 ... ... 62.2 ... ... 10,599,520 ... ... 70.8 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 1,123,315 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,355,555 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
In core need 180,295 ... ... 16.1 ... ... 1,451,025 ... ... 10.1 ... ...
Not in core need 943,025 ... ... 84.0 ... ... 12,904,530 ... ... 89.9 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 749,620 ... ... ... ... ... 9,807,720 ... ... ... ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 59.6 ... ... 59.6 ... ... 60.0 ... ... 60.0 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 23.5 ... ... 23.5 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 14.8 ... ...
% in core housing need63 10.1 ... ... 10.1 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 5.3 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,580 ... ... 1,580 ... ... 1,240 ... ... 1,240 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,930 ... ... 1,930 ... ... 1,498 ... ... 1,498 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 1,000,000 ... ... 1,000,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 1,243,000 ... ... 1,243,000 ... ... 618,500 ... ... 618,500 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 433,900 ... ... ... ... ... 4,936,850 ... ... ... ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 11.0 ... ... 11.0 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 11.7 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 38.3 ... ... 38.3 ... ... 33.2 ... ... 33.2 ... ...
% in core housing need63 26.7 ... ... 26.7 ... ... 20.0 ... ... 20.0 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,490 ... ... 1,490 ... ... 1,070 ... ... 1,070 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,602 ... ... 1,602 ... ... 1,209 ... ... 1,209 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 2,215 ... ... ... ... ... 69,130 ... ... ... ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 10.5 ... ... 10.5 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 5.9 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 300 ... ... 300 ... ... 284 ... ... 284 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 404 ... ... 404 ... ... 327 ... ... 327 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 3,005,810 1,475,710 1,530,100 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 32,410 15,810 16,600 1.1 1.1 1.1 985,200 480,950 504,245 2.7 2.7 2.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 31,650 15,495 16,160 1.1 1.1 1.1 963,705 470,850 492,855 2.7 2.6 2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 26,310 12,895 13,410 0.9 0.9 0.9 763,230 371,400 391,825 2.1 2.1 2.1
Métis single ancestry 5,180 2,530 2,645 0.2 0.2 0.2 146,010 72,680 73,325 0.4 0.4 0.4
Inuit single ancestry 165 65 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,475 26,770 27,700 0.1 0.1 0.2
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 760 315 440 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,490 10,095 11,395 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 685 290 395 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,665 8,215 9,450 0.0 0.0 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,430 1,185 1,250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,070 530 535 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 165 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 70,995 34,645 36,345 2.4 2.3 2.4 1,219,285 585,590 633,690 3.4 3.3 3.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 68,450 33,445 35,000 2.3 2.3 2.3 1,183,350 568,980 614,365 3.3 3.2 3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 45,970 22,445 23,525 1.5 1.5 1.5 801,630 384,550 417,075 2.2 2.1 2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 22,025 10,780 11,240 0.7 0.7 0.7 362,130 174,975 187,150 1.0 1.0 1.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 455 220 235 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,595 9,450 10,150 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 2,545 1,200 1,345 0.1 0.1 0.1 35,930 16,605 19,320 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 2,455 1,165 1,290 0.1 0.1 0.1 31,815 14,790 17,025 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 65 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,785 1,190 1,595 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,005 500 505 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 125 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 2,902,410 1,425,250 1,477,160 96.6 96.6 96.5 34,124,000 16,870,625 17,253,375 93.9 94.1 93.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 3,005,805 1,475,705 1,530,100 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian citizens77 2,543,865 1,253,185 1,290,680 84.6 84.9 84.4 33,143,225 16,360,910 16,782,315 91.2 91.2 91.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18 488,790 252,750 236,030 16.3 17.1 15.4 6,784,875 3,486,545 3,298,330 18.7 19.4 17.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 2,055,080 1,000,435 1,054,645 68.4 67.8 68.9 26,358,355 12,874,365 13,483,990 72.6 71.8 73.3
Not Canadian citizens78 461,940 222,520 239,420 15.4 15.1 15.6 3,185,250 1,576,255 1,608,995 8.8 8.8 8.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 3,005,805 1,475,705 1,530,100 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-immigrants80 1,690,485 855,730 834,755 56.2 58.0 54.6 27,042,120 13,461,515 13,580,610 74.4 75.0 73.8
Immigrants81 1,172,750 547,290 625,455 39.0 37.1 40.9 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,340 23.0 22.2 23.8
Before 1980 177,990 84,575 93,420 5.9 5.7 6.1 1,540,610 731,340 809,265 4.2 4.1 4.4
1980 to 1990 135,930 63,730 72,200 4.5 4.3 4.7 924,320 443,805 480,520 2.5 2.5 2.6
1991 to 2000 269,780 124,325 145,455 9.0 8.4 9.5 1,511,475 708,315 803,165 4.2 3.9 4.4
2001 to 2010 278,340 128,080 150,260 9.3 8.7 9.8 1,930,525 911,190 1,019,340 5.3 5.1 5.5
2011 to 202182 310,715 146,590 164,125 10.3 9.9 10.7 2,454,570 1,181,515 1,273,055 6.8 6.6 6.9
2011 to 2015 144,370 67,270 77,100 4.8 4.6 5.0 1,126,330 536,615 589,715 3.1 3.0 3.2
2016 to 2021 166,345 79,320 87,025 5.5 5.4 5.7 1,328,240 644,900 683,335 3.7 3.6 3.7
Non-permanent residents83 142,570 72,680 69,890 4.7 4.9 4.6 924,850 499,490 425,365 2.5 2.8 2.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 1,172,750 547,295 625,455 100.0 100.0 100.0 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years 88,235 44,805 43,430 7.5 8.2 6.9 748,265 377,795 370,470 8.9 9.5 8.4
5 to 14 years 180,765 93,370 87,400 15.4 17.1 14.0 1,438,440 730,675 707,765 17.2 18.4 16.1
15 to 24 years 223,010 101,170 121,840 19.0 18.5 19.5 1,594,290 720,630 873,660 19.1 18.1 19.9
25 to 44 years 535,135 241,875 293,260 45.6 44.2 46.9 3,783,335 1,782,805 2,000,525 45.2 44.8 45.6
45 years and over 145,600 66,075 79,525 12.4 12.1 12.7 797,180 364,260 432,920 9.5 9.2 9.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 1,172,750 547,295 625,455 100.0 100.0 100.0 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 85,190 40,725 44,465 7.3 7.4 7.1 1,203,180 546,325 656,855 14.4 13.7 15.0
Brazil 7,615 3,610 4,005 0.6 0.7 0.6 48,450 22,405 26,050 0.6 0.6 0.6
Colombia 4,380 2,005 2,370 0.4 0.4 0.4 80,570 36,675 43,900 1.0 0.9 1.0
El Salvador 5,010 2,590 2,420 0.4 0.5 0.4 49,450 24,430 25,015 0.6 0.6 0.6
Guyana 1,055 435 620 0.1 0.1 0.1 85,530 37,870 47,660 1.0 1.0 1.1
Haiti 335 175 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 99,945 44,585 55,360 1.2 1.1 1.3
Jamaica 2,705 1,400 1,300 0.2 0.3 0.2 145,360 63,430 81,925 1.7 1.6 1.9
Mexico 10,775 4,850 5,930 0.9 0.9 0.9 90,585 42,215 48,370 1.1 1.1 1.1
Peru 3,055 1,375 1,680 0.3 0.3 0.3 31,420 13,925 17,490 0.4 0.4 0.4
Trinidad and Tobago 2,115 1,005 1,115 0.2 0.2 0.2 65,035 29,110 35,930 0.8 0.7 0.8
United States of America 32,250 15,585 16,660 2.7 2.8 2.7 256,090 115,380 140,705 3.1 2.9 3.2
Other places of birth in Americas 15,900 7,685 8,215 1.4 1.4 1.3 250,760 116,305 134,460 3.0 2.9 3.1
Europe 187,355 92,230 95,125 16.0 16.9 15.2 1,967,620 955,840 1,011,785 23.5 24.0 23.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3,920 1,925 2,000 0.3 0.4 0.3 35,925 17,705 18,220 0.4 0.4 0.4
Croatia 3,880 1,905 1,970 0.3 0.3 0.3 36,675 18,115 18,560 0.4 0.5 0.4
France 4,795 2,630 2,165 0.4 0.5 0.3 121,525 63,845 57,685 1.5 1.6 1.3
Germany 14,425 6,820 7,600 1.2 1.2 1.2 126,470 60,560 65,915 1.5 1.5 1.5
Greece 2,705 1,515 1,185 0.2 0.3 0.2 54,715 27,050 27,665 0.7 0.7 0.6
Hungary 3,220 1,445 1,770 0.3 0.3 0.3 31,050 14,595 16,450 0.4 0.4 0.4
Italy 9,575 4,910 4,665 0.8 0.9 0.7 204,065 101,445 102,625 2.4 2.6 2.3
Netherlands 8,100 4,055 4,040 0.7 0.7 0.6 75,830 39,020 36,810 0.9 1.0 0.8
Poland 10,225 4,705 5,520 0.9 0.9 0.9 135,030 60,660 74,370 1.6 1.5 1.7
Portugal 4,635 2,245 2,385 0.4 0.4 0.4 128,795 62,880 65,910 1.5 1.6 1.5
Romania 8,030 3,815 4,215 0.7 0.7 0.7 86,770 40,820 45,955 1.0 1.0 1.0
Russian Federation 9,960 4,305 5,660 0.8 0.8 0.9 81,840 35,185 46,650 1.0 0.9 1.1
Serbia86 3,830 1,920 1,915 0.3 0.4 0.3 31,925 15,480 16,450 0.4 0.4 0.4
Ukraine 7,655 3,565 4,090 0.7 0.7 0.7 81,135 36,840 44,295 1.0 0.9 1.0
United Kingdom87 61,740 31,325 30,420 5.3 5.7 4.9 464,135 229,710 234,430 5.6 5.8 5.3
Other places of birth in Europe 30,665 15,145 15,515 2.6 2.8 2.5 271,725 131,935 139,790 3.2 3.3 3.2
Africa 41,520 21,175 20,345 3.5 3.9 3.3 821,735 412,365 409,375 9.8 10.4 9.3
Algeria 450 285 160 0.0 0.1 0.0 79,660 41,065 38,600 1.0 1.0 0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 875 460 415 0.1 0.1 0.1 33,110 15,775 17,340 0.4 0.4 0.4
Egypt 2,940 1,650 1,290 0.3 0.3 0.2 73,710 38,730 34,980 0.9 1.0 0.8
Eritrea 2,295 1,340 960 0.2 0.2 0.2 31,385 16,575 14,815 0.4 0.4 0.3
Ethiopia 2,125 1,085 1,045 0.2 0.2 0.2 41,715 19,955 21,760 0.5 0.5 0.5
Morocco 985 465 515 0.1 0.1 0.1 81,775 41,085 40,685 1.0 1.0 0.9
Nigeria 2,430 1,290 1,140 0.2 0.2 0.2 81,290 41,665 39,620 1.0 1.0 0.9
Somalia 1,090 520 570 0.1 0.1 0.1 32,500 14,600 17,900 0.4 0.4 0.4
South Africa, Republic of 10,065 5,055 5,015 0.9 0.9 0.8 51,590 25,740 25,855 0.6 0.6 0.6
Other places of birth in Africa 18,265 9,030 9,235 1.6 1.6 1.5 314,995 157,170 157,825 3.8 4.0 3.6
Asia 832,115 380,285 451,830 71.0 69.5 72.2 4,307,000 2,030,575 2,276,420 51.5 51.1 51.9
Afghanistan 6,080 2,975 3,105 0.5 0.5 0.5 62,450 30,940 31,515 0.7 0.8 0.7
Iran88 43,930 22,080 21,850 3.7 4.0 3.5 182,940 92,300 90,645 2.2 2.3 2.1
Iraq 6,755 3,610 3,145 0.6 0.7 0.5 84,130 42,660 41,465 1.0 1.1 0.9
Lebanon 2,045 1,150 900 0.2 0.2 0.1 95,725 50,675 45,055 1.1 1.3 1.0
Syria89 5,110 2,680 2,435 0.4 0.5 0.4 97,590 49,855 47,735 1.2 1.3 1.1
Turkey 2,635 1,415 1,220 0.2 0.3 0.2 35,270 18,835 16,435 0.4 0.5 0.4
China90 206,695 90,010 116,680 17.6 16.4 18.7 715,835 317,970 397,860 8.6 8.0 9.1
Hong Kong91 76,475 35,685 40,785 6.5 6.5 6.5 213,855 100,480 113,375 2.6 2.5 2.6
Korea, South92 43,595 19,510 24,080 3.7 3.6 3.8 138,355 63,025 75,325 1.7 1.6 1.7
Taiwan 39,105 17,605 21,505 3.3 3.2 3.4 65,365 28,725 36,635 0.8 0.7 0.8
Philippines 113,810 47,775 66,035 9.7 8.7 10.6 719,580 305,115 414,460 8.6 7.7 9.5
Viet Nam 28,895 12,945 15,950 2.5 2.4 2.6 182,095 82,670 99,425 2.2 2.1 2.3
Bangladesh 2,610 1,320 1,290 0.2 0.2 0.2 70,090 35,675 34,415 0.8 0.9 0.8
India 179,865 88,040 91,820 15.3 16.1 14.7 898,050 451,120 446,930 10.7 11.3 10.2
Pakistan 11,880 6,150 5,725 1.0 1.1 0.9 234,105 118,390 115,715 2.8 3.0 2.6
Sri Lanka 5,000 2,405 2,595 0.4 0.4 0.4 136,240 66,215 70,030 1.6 1.7 1.6
Other places of birth in Asia 57,630 24,925 32,705 4.9 4.6 5.2 375,340 175,930 199,410 4.5 4.4 4.5
Oceania and other places of birth93 26,570 12,880 13,685 2.3 2.4 2.2 61,965 31,055 30,910 0.7 0.8 0.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 166,345 79,320 87,025 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,328,240 644,900 683,340 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 17,845 8,715 9,130 10.7 11.0 10.5 154,490 74,275 80,215 11.6 11.5 11.7
Brazil 4,755 2,265 2,485 2.9 2.9 2.9 19,895 9,340 10,560 1.5 1.4 1.5
Colombia 850 415 430 0.5 0.5 0.5 11,455 5,090 6,365 0.9 0.8 0.9
Haiti 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,550 5,155 5,400 0.8 0.8 0.8
Jamaica 450 220 235 0.3 0.3 0.3 15,155 7,740 7,420 1.1 1.2 1.1
Mexico 2,580 1,245 1,340 1.6 1.6 1.5 17,150 8,405 8,745 1.3 1.3 1.3
United States of America 6,050 3,065 2,985 3.6 3.9 3.4 39,875 19,790 20,085 3.0 3.1 2.9
Venezuela95 430 170 260 0.3 0.2 0.3 7,060 2,980 4,075 0.5 0.5 0.6
Other places of birth in Americas 2,700 1,315 1,380 1.6 1.7 1.6 33,350 15,785 17,570 2.5 2.4 2.6
Europe 20,085 10,705 9,375 12.1 13.5 10.8 134,425 69,310 65,120 10.1 10.7 9.5
France 1,390 770 625 0.8 1.0 0.7 27,175 14,560 12,610 2.0 2.3 1.8
Germany 890 450 440 0.5 0.6 0.5 5,365 2,660 2,705 0.4 0.4 0.4
Ireland96 2,160 1,320 840 1.3 1.7 1.0 6,355 4,000 2,350 0.5 0.6 0.3
Italy 895 490 410 0.5 0.6 0.5 4,240 2,470 1,770 0.3 0.4 0.3
Russian Federation 1,825 755 1,075 1.1 1.0 1.2 10,905 4,335 6,570 0.8 0.7 1.0
Ukraine 1,660 760 900 1.0 1.0 1.0 14,515 6,570 7,945 1.1 1.0 1.2
United Kingdom87 5,565 3,280 2,285 3.3 4.1 2.6 22,755 13,550 9,200 1.7 2.1 1.3
Other places of birth in Europe 5,685 2,880 2,805 3.4 3.6 3.2 43,120 21,160 21,960 3.2 3.3 3.2
Africa 8,140 4,400 3,740 4.9 5.5 4.3 206,965 102,875 104,090 15.6 16.0 15.2
Algeria 65 40 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 15,745 7,530 8,220 1.2 1.2 1.2
Burundi 75 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.1 4,935 2,420 2,510 0.4 0.4 0.4
Cameroon 110 60 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 11,795 5,545 6,250 0.9 0.9 0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 300 180 115 0.2 0.2 0.1 8,915 4,200 4,720 0.7 0.7 0.7
Côte d'Ivoire 40 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,915 3,795 4,125 0.6 0.6 0.6
Egypt 550 310 240 0.3 0.4 0.3 12,120 6,285 5,835 0.9 1.0 0.9
Eritrea 1,440 885 550 0.9 1.1 0.6 16,330 8,755 7,575 1.2 1.4 1.1
Ethiopia 505 290 215 0.3 0.4 0.2 9,385 4,415 4,970 0.7 0.7 0.7
Morocco 240 100 135 0.1 0.1 0.2 12,835 6,025 6,810 1.0 0.9 1.0
Nigeria 1,170 615 550 0.7 0.8 0.6 40,360 20,575 19,780 3.0 3.2 2.9
Somalia 220 125 100 0.1 0.2 0.1 6,315 3,240 3,075 0.5 0.5 0.4
South Africa, Republic of 1,385 670 715 0.8 0.8 0.8 8,510 4,290 4,220 0.6 0.7 0.6
Sudan97 160 85 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 4,690 2,375 2,315 0.4 0.4 0.3
Tunisia 100 55 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 8,155 4,185 3,975 0.6 0.6 0.6
Other places of birth in Africa 1,790 925 865 1.1 1.2 1.0 38,960 19,250 19,715 2.9 3.0 2.9
Asia 117,055 53,620 63,430 70.4 67.6 72.9 823,205 393,110 430,090 62.0 61.0 62.9
Afghanistan 1,290 675 615 0.8 0.9 0.7 12,730 6,290 6,440 1.0 1.0 0.9
Bangladesh 540 285 255 0.3 0.4 0.3 13,185 6,670 6,515 1.0 1.0 1.0
China90 29,240 12,140 17,095 17.6 15.3 19.6 118,035 50,365 67,665 8.9 7.8 9.9
Hong Kong91 2,410 1,075 1,335 1.4 1.4 1.5 6,495 2,880 3,620 0.5 0.4 0.5
India 34,980 17,785 17,195 21.0 22.4 19.8 246,995 128,205 118,790 18.6 19.9 17.4
Iran88 5,665 2,785 2,885 3.4 3.5 3.3 25,650 12,310 13,340 1.9 1.9 2.0
Iraq 1,465 800 665 0.9 1.0 0.8 17,715 8,835 8,875 1.3 1.4 1.3
Israel 540 320 220 0.3 0.4 0.3 4,850 2,565 2,290 0.4 0.4 0.3
Japan 1,685 410 1,270 1.0 0.5 1.5 4,445 1,035 3,410 0.3 0.2 0.5
Jordan 350 190 155 0.2 0.2 0.2 4,635 2,375 2,260 0.3 0.4 0.3
Korea, South92 6,340 2,545 3,800 3.8 3.2 4.4 20,985 8,790 12,200 1.6 1.4 1.8
Lebanon 290 135 150 0.2 0.2 0.2 9,980 5,120 4,860 0.8 0.8 0.7
Nepal 255 115 145 0.2 0.1 0.2 4,890 2,475 2,415 0.4 0.4 0.4
Pakistan 2,025 1,105 915 1.2 1.4 1.1 36,255 18,070 18,190 2.7 2.8 2.7
Philippines 15,865 6,860 9,005 9.5 8.6 10.3 151,490 66,720 84,765 11.4 10.3 12.4
Saudi Arabia 490 305 185 0.3 0.4 0.2 9,560 5,195 4,365 0.7 0.8 0.6
Sri Lanka 650 290 360 0.4 0.4 0.4 8,480 4,010 4,465 0.6 0.6 0.7
Syria89 3,715 1,990 1,730 2.2 2.5 2.0 63,130 32,725 30,410 4.8 5.1 4.5
Turkey 840 510 325 0.5 0.6 0.4 10,150 5,520 4,635 0.8 0.9 0.7
United Arab Emirates 540 245 295 0.3 0.3 0.3 8,405 4,325 4,085 0.6 0.7 0.6
Viet Nam 2,420 845 1,570 1.5 1.1 1.8 14,725 5,605 9,125 1.1 0.9 1.3
Other places of birth in Asia 5,470 2,205 3,270 3.3 2.8 3.8 30,410 13,035 17,375 2.3 2.0 2.5
Oceania and other93 3,230 1,885 1,350 1.9 2.4 1.6 9,160 5,335 3,825 0.7 0.8 0.6
Australia 2,345 1,415 935 1.4 1.8 1.1 6,535 3,845 2,685 0.5 0.6 0.4
Other places of birth98 885 475 410 0.5 0.6 0.5 2,625 1,490 1,135 0.2 0.2 0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 3,005,810 1,475,705 1,530,100 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
First generation100 1,353,720 639,165 714,560 45.0 43.3 46.7 9,606,595 4,631,905 4,974,690 26.4 25.8 27.0
Second generation101 720,405 365,945 354,455 24.0 24.8 23.2 6,393,310 3,207,980 3,185,330 17.6 17.9 17.3
Third generation or more102 931,680 470,595 461,090 31.0 31.9 30.1 20,328,565 10,097,280 10,231,290 56.0 56.3 55.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 994,765 462,720 532,040 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Economic immigrants104 579,345 280,140 299,205 58.2 60.5 56.2 3,673,705 1,837,625 1,836,090 53.9 56.6 51.3
Principal applicants105 236,880 135,645 101,235 23.8 29.3 19.0 1,556,675 935,790 620,885 22.8 28.8 17.4
Secondary applicants106 342,465 144,495 197,965 34.4 31.2 37.2 2,117,030 901,835 1,215,200 31.0 27.8 34.0
Immigrants sponsored by family107 316,000 130,510 185,490 31.8 28.2 34.9 2,016,010 821,325 1,194,685 29.6 25.3 33.4
Refugees108 86,250 46,245 40,005 8.7 10.0 7.5 1,039,275 543,725 495,550 15.2 16.8 13.9
Other immigrants109 13,160 5,825 7,335 1.3 1.3 1.4 91,900 42,145 49,755 1.3 1.3 1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 994,765 462,720 532,040 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asylum claim before admission111 24,990 14,325 10,665 2.5 3.1 2.0 416,105 222,895 193,205 6.1 6.9 5.4
Work permits only before admission112 108,155 45,120 63,040 10.9 9.8 11.8 705,405 324,370 381,035 10.3 10.0 10.7
Study permits only before admission113 34,745 17,295 17,450 3.5 3.7 3.3 183,250 92,135 91,110 2.7 2.8 2.5
Work and study permits before admission114 61,370 28,585 32,785 6.2 6.2 6.2 377,130 188,535 188,590 5.5 5.8 5.3
Other permits before admission115 3,735 1,575 2,160 0.4 0.3 0.4 39,540 15,685 23,855 0.6 0.5 0.7
No pre-admission experience116 761,755 355,820 405,935 76.6 76.9 76.3 5,099,470 2,401,190 2,698,280 74.8 74.0 75.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 3,005,810 1,475,705 1,530,105 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total visible minority population118 1,510,040 725,145 784,890 50.2 49.1 51.3 9,639,205 4,712,790 4,926,415 26.5 26.3 26.8
South Asian 425,035 215,160 209,875 14.1 14.6 13.7 2,571,400 1,324,120 1,247,275 7.1 7.4 6.8
Chinese 517,915 242,315 275,600 17.2 16.4 18.0 1,715,770 808,745 907,035 4.7 4.5 4.9
Black 45,275 23,690 21,585 1.5 1.6 1.4 1,547,870 754,100 793,765 4.3 4.2 4.3
Filipino 148,510 65,740 82,765 4.9 4.5 5.4 957,355 427,755 529,600 2.6 2.4 2.9
Arab 23,670 12,660 11,010 0.8 0.9 0.7 694,015 362,845 331,170 1.9 2.0 1.8
Latin American 55,205 27,185 28,020 1.8 1.8 1.8 580,235 281,030 299,200 1.6 1.6 1.6
Southeast Asian 61,135 28,515 32,625 2.0 1.9 2.1 390,340 184,120 206,220 1.1 1.0 1.1
West Asian 65,795 32,995 32,795 2.2 2.2 2.1 360,495 181,795 178,695 1.0 1.0 1.0
Korean 66,025 30,100 35,925 2.2 2.0 2.3 218,140 101,855 116,285 0.6 0.6 0.6
Japanese 33,280 13,735 19,545 1.1 0.9 1.3 98,890 42,315 56,575 0.3 0.2 0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 15,435 7,620 7,820 0.5 0.5 0.5 172,885 83,310 89,580 0.5 0.5 0.5
Multiple visible minorities 52,750 25,435 27,315 1.8 1.7 1.8 331,805 160,790 171,010 0.9 0.9 0.9
Not a visible minority120 1,495,770 750,560 745,210 49.8 50.9 48.7 26,689,275 13,224,375 13,464,900 73.5 73.7 73.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 3,005,805 1,475,705 1,530,100 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian 219,820 113,710 106,115 7.3 7.7 6.9 5,677,205 2,836,675 2,840,530 15.6 15.8 15.4
English 455,750 226,990 228,760 15.2 15.4 15.0 5,322,830 2,600,245 2,722,580 14.7 14.5 14.8
Irish 291,150 140,380 150,770 9.7 9.5 9.9 4,413,120 2,102,610 2,310,505 12.1 11.7 12.6
Scottish 350,215 172,205 178,005 11.7 11.7 11.6 4,392,200 2,131,620 2,260,580 12.1 11.9 12.3
French, n.o.s.122 137,150 67,180 69,970 4.6 4.6 4.6 3,985,945 1,964,695 2,021,250 11.0 11.0 11.0
German 241,745 118,805 122,935 8.0 8.1 8.0 2,955,695 1,449,465 1,506,230 8.1 8.1 8.2
Chinese 481,710 225,210 256,500 16.0 15.3 16.8 1,713,870 806,365 907,500 4.7 4.5 4.9
Italian 94,420 47,665 46,760 3.1 3.2 3.1 1,546,390 774,250 772,140 4.3 4.3 4.2
Indian (India) 244,560 122,720 121,840 8.1 8.3 8.0 1,347,715 691,535 656,185 3.7 3.9 3.6
Ukrainian 99,705 48,520 51,180 3.3 3.3 3.3 1,258,635 612,455 646,175 3.5 3.4 3.5
Dutch 94,665 47,490 47,175 3.1 3.2 3.1 988,585 489,045 499,545 2.7 2.7 2.7
Polish 69,880 33,320 36,560 2.3 2.3 2.4 982,820 472,290 510,525 2.7 2.6 2.8
Québécois 2,965 1,500 1,465 0.1 0.1 0.1 981,635 490,130 491,510 2.7 2.7 2.7
British Isles, n.o.s.123 95,615 47,610 48,000 3.2 3.2 3.1 938,950 462,420 476,530 2.6 2.6 2.6
Filipino 147,310 65,600 81,710 4.9 4.4 5.3 925,490 414,915 510,570 2.5 2.3 2.8
French Canadian 18,945 9,295 9,655 0.6 0.6 0.6 906,315 441,610 464,705 2.5 2.5 2.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 42,815 22,240 20,570 1.4 1.5 1.3 691,260 347,080 344,175 1.9 1.9 1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 37,545 18,560 18,985 1.2 1.3 1.2 632,340 304,220 328,120 1.7 1.7 1.8
Métis 30,405 14,790 15,620 1.0 1.0 1.0 560,335 271,985 288,350 1.5 1.5 1.6
European, n.o.s.126 52,365 26,640 25,725 1.7 1.8 1.7 551,910 278,060 273,850 1.5 1.6 1.5
Russian 65,405 31,275 34,135 2.2 2.1 2.2 548,140 260,075 288,065 1.5 1.4 1.6
Norwegian 58,315 28,145 30,175 1.9 1.9 2.0 466,500 224,290 242,210 1.3 1.3 1.3
Welsh 46,200 21,930 24,270 1.5 1.5 1.6 455,720 216,490 239,230 1.3 1.2 1.3
Portuguese 24,980 12,200 12,780 0.8 0.8 0.8 448,305 222,770 225,535 1.2 1.2 1.2
American 32,935 16,230 16,710 1.1 1.1 1.1 353,495 172,240 181,255 1.0 1.0 1.0
Spanish 39,545 18,455 21,090 1.3 1.3 1.4 342,040 160,475 181,570 0.9 0.9 1.0
Swedish 44,390 20,815 23,575 1.5 1.4 1.5 334,505 156,840 177,665 0.9 0.9 1.0
Hungarian 26,910 13,030 13,875 0.9 0.9 0.9 320,150 155,755 164,395 0.9 0.9 0.9
Acadian 2,910 1,545 1,365 0.1 0.1 0.1 305,170 145,500 159,675 0.8 0.8 0.9
Pakistani 16,880 8,660 8,220 0.6 0.6 0.5 303,260 154,435 148,825 0.8 0.9 0.8
African, n.o.s.127 12,970 6,650 6,320 0.4 0.5 0.4 301,955 148,335 153,625 0.8 0.8 0.8
Jewish 24,210 12,155 12,055 0.8 0.8 0.8 282,015 141,530 140,490 0.8 0.8 0.8
Punjabi 86,055 43,880 42,180 2.9 3.0 2.8 279,950 145,620 134,330 0.8 0.8 0.7
Vietnamese 45,555 21,440 24,115 1.5 1.5 1.6 275,530 131,075 144,445 0.8 0.7 0.8
Arab, n.o.s.128 10,470 5,595 4,875 0.3 0.4 0.3 263,710 138,210 125,500 0.7 0.8 0.7
Greek 16,020 8,350 7,675 0.5 0.6 0.5 262,140 132,975 129,160 0.7 0.7 0.7
Jamaican 6,415 3,380 3,035 0.2 0.2 0.2 249,070 119,265 129,805 0.7 0.7 0.7
Asian, n.o.s.129 42,785 20,060 22,725 1.4 1.4 1.5 226,220 107,785 118,435 0.6 0.6 0.6
Cree, n.o.s.130 8,210 3,930 4,285 0.3 0.3 0.3 219,855 105,825 114,030 0.6 0.6 0.6
Korean 65,285 29,800 35,485 2.2 2.0 2.3 217,650 101,805 115,845 0.6 0.6 0.6
Romanian 18,220 8,930 9,290 0.6 0.6 0.6 215,885 103,720 112,165 0.6 0.6 0.6
Lebanese 5,745 2,885 2,860 0.2 0.2 0.2 210,605 107,990 102,615 0.6 0.6 0.6
Iranian 46,505 23,195 23,310 1.5 1.6 1.5 200,465 100,790 99,675 0.6 0.6 0.5
Christian, n.i.e.131 9,940 4,965 4,980 0.3 0.3 0.3 200,340 99,800 100,540 0.6 0.6 0.5
Danish 24,425 12,110 12,315 0.8 0.8 0.8 196,945 96,220 100,725 0.5 0.5 0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 8,930 4,265 4,665 0.3 0.3 0.3 194,840 94,035 100,810 0.5 0.5 0.5
Sikh 62,970 32,145 30,830 2.1 2.2 2.0 194,640 101,255 93,385 0.5 0.6 0.5
Austrian 21,585 10,370 11,220 0.7 0.7 0.7 189,535 92,740 96,800 0.5 0.5 0.5
Belgian 8,995 4,505 4,490 0.3 0.3 0.3 182,175 90,150 92,030 0.5 0.5 0.5
Haitian 830 410 420 0.0 0.0 0.0 178,990 84,510 94,490 0.5 0.5 0.5
Hindu 16,985 8,860 8,130 0.6 0.6 0.5 166,160 87,665 78,495 0.5 0.5 0.4
Mexican 21,510 10,695 10,815 0.7 0.7 0.7 155,495 77,435 78,055 0.4 0.4 0.4
Mennonite 12,015 6,065 5,955 0.4 0.4 0.4 155,095 77,735 77,360 0.4 0.4 0.4
Swiss 12,445 6,190 6,250 0.4 0.4 0.4 145,570 72,015 73,555 0.4 0.4 0.4
Finnish 15,710 7,690 8,015 0.5 0.5 0.5 144,055 69,270 74,785 0.4 0.4 0.4
Sri Lankan 5,755 2,870 2,890 0.2 0.2 0.2 132,410 65,175 67,240 0.4 0.4 0.4
Croatian 15,840 7,750 8,095 0.5 0.5 0.5 130,820 64,915 65,905 0.4 0.4 0.4
Japanese 41,530 17,795 23,740 1.4 1.2 1.6 129,425 56,850 72,580 0.4 0.3 0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.133 18,560 9,160 9,395 0.6 0.6 0.6 120,125 60,575 59,550 0.3 0.3 0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 1,850 910 950 0.1 0.1 0.1 111,605 53,700 57,905 0.3 0.3 0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.135 13,695 6,685 7,010 0.5 0.5 0.5 110,735 54,730 56,005 0.3 0.3 0.3
Muslim 7,425 3,760 3,665 0.2 0.3 0.2 105,620 54,095 51,525 0.3 0.3 0.3
Egyptian 4,890 2,590 2,300 0.2 0.2 0.2 105,245 55,230 50,020 0.3 0.3 0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 9,775 4,845 4,930 0.3 0.3 0.3 104,765 51,375 53,395 0.3 0.3 0.3
Tamil 3,075 1,675 1,400 0.1 0.1 0.1 102,170 51,165 51,005 0.3 0.3 0.3
Icelandic 12,590 6,200 6,395 0.4 0.4 0.4 101,990 50,370 51,620 0.3 0.3 0.3
Colombian 5,840 2,910 2,930 0.2 0.2 0.2 100,555 47,995 52,560 0.3 0.3 0.3
Moroccan 1,405 680 725 0.0 0.0 0.0 99,980 50,835 49,150 0.3 0.3 0.3
Czech 12,030 5,850 6,175 0.4 0.4 0.4 98,925 47,495 51,430 0.3 0.3 0.3
Syrian 4,680 2,430 2,255 0.2 0.2 0.1 98,250 49,385 48,865 0.3 0.3 0.3
Guyanese 1,715 880 830 0.1 0.1 0.1 97,210 46,270 50,940 0.3 0.3 0.3
Afghan 9,310 4,580 4,730 0.3 0.3 0.3 96,810 48,255 48,550 0.3 0.3 0.3
Black, n.o.s.137 3,185 1,590 1,595 0.1 0.1 0.1 94,585 44,335 50,250 0.3 0.2 0.3
Serbian 10,135 5,290 4,845 0.3 0.4 0.3 93,360 46,945 46,410 0.3 0.3 0.3
Ojibway 2,070 1,045 1,025 0.1 0.1 0.1 92,220 44,610 47,600 0.3 0.2 0.3
Newfoundlander 1,595 840 755 0.1 0.1 0.0 91,670 45,665 46,005 0.3 0.3 0.3
Hong Konger 29,090 14,075 15,020 1.0 1.0 1.0 81,680 39,485 42,195 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ontarian 1,455 720 730 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,555 39,675 40,880 0.2 0.2 0.2
Persian 17,770 9,115 8,660 0.6 0.6 0.6 80,340 41,415 38,925 0.2 0.2 0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 2,915 1,515 1,400 0.1 0.1 0.1 77,405 37,655 39,750 0.2 0.2 0.2
Turkish 6,590 3,440 3,150 0.2 0.2 0.2 76,745 39,955 36,795 0.2 0.2 0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.138 750 325 425 0.0 0.0 0.0 76,675 37,315 39,365 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bangladeshi 3,170 1,640 1,530 0.1 0.1 0.1 75,425 39,085 36,335 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algerian 730 425 300 0.0 0.0 0.0 73,770 38,035 35,740 0.2 0.2 0.2
Brazilian 10,405 5,045 5,360 0.3 0.3 0.4 71,755 34,670 37,085 0.2 0.2 0.2
Nigerian 2,685 1,380 1,305 0.1 0.1 0.1 69,540 34,680 34,860 0.2 0.2 0.2
Armenian 3,225 1,605 1,620 0.1 0.1 0.1 68,850 34,105 34,745 0.2 0.2 0.2
Slovak 6,980 3,300 3,675 0.2 0.2 0.2 68,210 33,475 34,740 0.2 0.2 0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 7,120 3,165 3,950 0.2 0.2 0.3 66,780 31,525 35,255 0.2 0.2 0.2
Somali 2,330 1,260 1,065 0.1 0.1 0.1 65,555 31,555 33,995 0.2 0.2 0.2
Taiwanese 35,890 16,675 19,215 1.2 1.1 1.3 64,020 29,280 34,740 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iraqi 4,200 2,155 2,045 0.1 0.1 0.1 59,300 29,865 29,435 0.2 0.2 0.2
Salvadorean 5,695 2,860 2,830 0.2 0.2 0.2 59,280 29,150 30,130 0.2 0.2 0.2
African Caribbean 1,210 640 565 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,050 26,385 32,670 0.2 0.1 0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 9,425 4,445 4,985 0.3 0.3 0.3 58,870 27,845 31,025 0.2 0.2 0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 4,515 2,310 2,205 0.2 0.2 0.1 58,840 30,560 28,280 0.2 0.2 0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 1,950 885 1,065 0.1 0.1 0.1 57,195 25,715 31,475 0.2 0.1 0.2
Algonquin 670 355 320 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,070 27,025 29,040 0.2 0.2 0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.143 1,395 645 750 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,085 23,685 28,395 0.1 0.1 0.2
Lithuanian 3,970 1,805 2,160 0.1 0.1 0.1 52,040 24,510 27,530 0.1 0.1 0.1
South African 8,450 4,190 4,260 0.3 0.3 0.3 49,840 24,885 24,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Australian 10,975 5,730 5,250 0.4 0.4 0.3 46,765 24,165 22,595 0.1 0.1 0.1
Palestinian 2,370 1,235 1,130 0.1 0.1 0.1 45,905 23,930 21,975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chilean 4,445 2,275 2,180 0.1 0.2 0.1 45,685 22,520 23,165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Congolese 1,220 615 600 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,260 22,000 23,260 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nova Scotian 915 405 510 0.0 0.0 0.0 44,720 21,700 23,025 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ethiopian 2,175 1,060 1,115 0.1 0.1 0.1 42,545 20,675 21,875 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 4,115 1,865 2,245 0.1 0.1 0.1 42,405 20,105 22,300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Peruvian 3,440 1,635 1,800 0.1 0.1 0.1 42,295 19,925 22,370 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yoruba 910 505 410 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,075 21,740 20,330 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cambodian (Khmer) 2,695 1,255 1,435 0.1 0.1 0.1 41,950 19,835 22,115 0.1 0.1 0.1
Berber 480 295 180 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,700 22,325 19,370 0.1 0.1 0.1
Albanian 1,970 965 1,005 0.1 0.1 0.1 41,620 21,050 20,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Maltese 1,395 685 720 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,670 20,210 20,455 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 850 415 440 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,440 19,500 19,940 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovenian 3,005 1,445 1,565 0.1 0.1 0.1 38,595 18,785 19,815 0.1 0.1 0.1
Western European, n.o.s.145 4,200 2,015 2,180 0.1 0.1 0.1 38,520 18,935 19,585 0.1 0.1 0.1
New Brunswicker 360 165 205 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,670 18,235 19,435 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 2,260 1,115 1,145 0.1 0.1 0.1 36,970 19,580 17,385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Eritrean 1,985 1,095 890 0.1 0.1 0.1 36,290 18,185 18,110 0.1 0.1 0.1
African Canadian 1,085 570 520 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,395 17,140 18,250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Israeli 2,780 1,395 1,380 0.1 0.1 0.1 35,345 18,410 16,940 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mohawk 1,015 510 510 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,330 16,485 16,845 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 2,740 1,305 1,435 0.1 0.1 0.1 33,135 15,355 17,775 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bulgarian 2,850 1,365 1,485 0.1 0.1 0.1 33,085 16,235 16,850 0.1 0.1 0.1
Albertan 1,410 765 645 0.0 0.1 0.0 32,575 16,525 16,055 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ghanaian 1,320 745 580 0.0 0.1 0.0 31,720 15,650 16,065 0.1 0.1 0.1
Barbadian 1,410 730 680 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,440 15,265 16,175 0.1 0.1 0.1
African American 2,955 1,550 1,410 0.1 0.1 0.1 31,430 15,700 15,730 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 2,800 1,280 1,520 0.1 0.1 0.1 30,565 14,635 15,930 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tunisian 415 220 195 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,465 16,585 13,875 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.148 3,645 1,825 1,820 0.1 0.1 0.1 30,220 15,225 14,995 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cuban 1,280 655 630 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,065 14,830 15,235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 3,065 1,545 1,515 0.1 0.1 0.1 28,490 14,320 14,170 0.1 0.1 0.1
Venezuelan 1,465 675 790 0.0 0.0 0.1 28,395 13,220 15,175 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 100 40 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,225 13,490 14,735 0.1 0.1 0.1
Latvian 2,715 1,390 1,325 0.1 0.1 0.1 28,140 13,515 14,620 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bengali 1,145 630 515 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,675 13,830 12,850 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cameroonian 275 190 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,535 12,960 13,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Guatemalan 2,035 1,150 885 0.1 0.1 0.1 26,460 13,920 12,540 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 6,705 3,115 3,590 0.2 0.2 0.2 26,330 11,910 14,415 0.1 0.1 0.1
Laotian 2,310 1,095 1,220 0.1 0.1 0.1 25,875 12,500 13,375 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ilocano 4,110 1,800 2,310 0.1 0.1 0.2 25,575 11,860 13,715 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern Irish 2,455 1,230 1,220 0.1 0.1 0.1 25,200 12,495 12,710 0.1 0.1 0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.150 2,730 1,380 1,350 0.1 0.1 0.1 24,420 12,265 12,155 0.1 0.1 0.1
British Columbian 9,815 4,995 4,820 0.3 0.3 0.3 24,325 12,230 12,095 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ecuadorian 805 425 380 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,255 11,510 12,745 0.1 0.1 0.1
Franco Ontarian 170 75 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,110 11,540 12,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Argentinian 1,830 900 935 0.1 0.1 0.1 23,500 11,665 11,840 0.1 0.1 0.1
Estonian 2,800 1,310 1,490 0.1 0.1 0.1 23,455 11,080 12,375 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kurdish 3,275 1,755 1,520 0.1 0.1 0.1 23,130 12,670 10,460 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 15,195 7,255 7,935 0.5 0.5 0.5 23,020 11,040 11,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
Jatt 7,685 4,000 3,690 0.3 0.3 0.2 22,785 11,695 11,090 0.1 0.1 0.1
North American, n.o.s.151 1,245 700 545 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,785 11,680 11,105 0.1 0.1 0.1
Coptic 725 420 300 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,570 11,405 11,165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Thai 4,075 1,525 2,550 0.1 0.1 0.2 22,275 8,525 13,750 0.1 0.0 0.1
Dominican 600 295 305 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,125 10,615 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 1,625 765 860 0.1 0.1 0.1 21,975 11,215 10,765 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kabyle 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,565 10,595 9,975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian 625 360 260 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,685 9,730 9,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Igbo 525 290 235 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,305 9,890 9,415 0.1 0.1 0.1
Byelorussian 1,850 905 950 0.1 0.1 0.1 18,850 9,055 9,795 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dene, n.o.s.152 220 120 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,745 9,030 9,710 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 840 450 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,545 8,975 9,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Abenaki 110 65 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,420 8,545 9,870 0.1 0.0 0.1
Moldovan 1,075 495 580 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,190 8,850 9,340 0.1 0.0 0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 375 175 205 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,955 8,625 9,330 0.0 0.0 0.1
New Zealander 4,435 2,250 2,185 0.1 0.2 0.1 17,755 9,275 8,470 0.0 0.1 0.0
Sudanese 795 405 395 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,485 8,825 8,665 0.0 0.0 0.0
Breton 185 115 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,465 8,710 8,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch 585 270 310 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,315 7,300 10,020 0.0 0.0 0.1
Malaysian 4,775 2,245 2,530 0.2 0.2 0.2 17,050 7,935 9,115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plains Cree 285 155 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,570 8,255 8,310 0.0 0.0 0.0
North African, n.o.s.155 570 345 230 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,315 8,565 7,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Huron (Wendat) 190 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,910 7,715 8,195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saskatchewanian 1,290 585 700 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,780 7,505 8,280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Buddhist 2,825 1,345 1,485 0.1 0.1 0.1 15,660 7,485 8,175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gaspesian 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,650 7,290 8,360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norman 350 230 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,340 8,155 7,190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 1,545 720 815 0.1 0.0 0.1 15,055 7,180 7,875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ivorian 100 60 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,010 7,255 7,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteaux 375 215 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,265 6,730 7,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 440 195 245 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,260 6,525 7,735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundian 360 170 190 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,110 6,810 7,295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrinya 1,045 620 425 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,910 7,435 6,470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nicaraguan 1,620 770 855 0.1 0.1 0.1 13,840 6,730 7,120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mauritian 950 465 490 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,755 7,020 6,730 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kenyan 1,890 885 1,010 0.1 0.1 0.1 13,565 6,510 7,055 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 100 35 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,525 6,610 6,915 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vincentian 285 145 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,245 5,800 7,445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordanian 755 380 380 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,225 7,055 6,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Manitoban 910 450 460 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,095 6,530 6,565 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cape Bretoner 175 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,065 6,175 6,885 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rwandan 480 235 245 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,890 6,150 6,740 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grenadian 245 140 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,890 5,965 6,930 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayali 770 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,490 6,580 5,910 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean 830 405 420 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,115 6,080 6,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhalese 1,130 540 590 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,080 5,905 6,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mayan 1,520 835 685 0.1 0.1 0.0 11,710 5,980 5,730 0.0 0.0 0.0
Honduran 1,235 615 615 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,920 5,370 5,550 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cherokee 1,005 460 550 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,825 5,080 5,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 70 45 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,750 5,130 5,620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Caribbean 315 165 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,490 4,710 5,775 0.0 0.0 0.0
Flemish 835 395 435 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,275 4,950 5,325 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Empire Loyalist 400 220 180 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,015 4,975 5,045 0.0 0.0 0.0
Senegalese 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,955 5,115 4,840 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 1,185 610 570 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,915 5,165 4,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sicilian 485 290 195 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,835 5,135 4,695 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashtun 865 425 440 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,825 5,195 4,625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 2,250 1,085 1,165 0.1 0.1 0.1 9,795 4,725 5,065 0.0 0.0 0.0
Goan 635 305 335 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,700 4,710 4,990 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.158 220 95 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,455 4,705 4,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 515 260 250 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,350 4,650 4,700 0.0 0.0 0.0
Zimbabwean 760 375 385 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,165 4,435 4,725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 1,880 965 925 0.1 0.1 0.1 9,150 4,385 4,760 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 1,495 680 815 0.0 0.0 0.1 9,090 4,240 4,850 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azorean 215 100 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,970 4,235 4,735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,400 4,270 4,125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamileke 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,315 4,220 4,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Guyanese 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,310 3,765 4,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ugandan 970 435 540 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,285 3,910 4,375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 420 220 205 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,255 4,425 3,830 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tanzanian 825 430 395 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,140 3,945 4,195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yemeni 330 150 180 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,115 3,995 4,130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central African 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,080 3,830 4,250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Libyan 545 310 235 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,945 4,265 3,680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Basque 740 410 330 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,745 4,030 3,710 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uruguayan 325 190 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,660 3,870 3,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan, n.o.s.159 300 155 145 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,640 3,835 3,805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 480 210 275 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,635 3,690 3,950 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igorot 1,110 520 580 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,535 3,305 4,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulani 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,480 3,865 3,620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Woodland Cree 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,415 3,615 3,800 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guinean 110 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,390 3,700 3,695 0.0 0.0 0.0
St. Lucian 135 90 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,285 3,340 3,945 0.0 0.0 0.0
Prince Edward Islander 145 75 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,225 3,355 3,875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maliseet 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,220 3,515 3,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Beninese 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,810 3,630 3,180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 570 310 260 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,670 3,730 2,945 0.0 0.0 0.0
Roma 600 320 285 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,545 3,225 3,320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Costa Rican 750 370 385 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,500 3,265 3,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Nova Scotian 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,480 2,945 3,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy 70 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,255 3,085 3,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 475 225 250 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,165 3,020 3,145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Singaporean 2,335 1,050 1,285 0.1 0.1 0.1 6,060 2,755 3,305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karen 945 510 435 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,050 3,065 2,985 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 190 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,985 2,995 2,995 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tajik 630 315 315 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,980 2,965 3,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amhara 280 150 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,945 3,010 2,930 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paraguayan 970 505 470 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,925 2,855 3,075 0.0 0.0 0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 3,005,810 1,475,705 1,530,105 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Buddhist 73,180 30,660 42,520 2.4 2.1 2.8 356,975 157,435 199,540 1.0 0.9 1.1
Christian 1,010,680 462,980 547,700 33.6 31.4 35.8 19,373,325 9,131,320 10,242,005 53.3 50.9 55.7
Christian, n.o.s.162 279,000 129,845 149,155 9.3 8.8 9.7 2,760,760 1,319,760 1,440,995 7.6 7.4 7.8
Anabaptist 14,680 6,960 7,725 0.5 0.5 0.5 144,145 70,095 74,050 0.4 0.4 0.4
Anglican 61,000 26,470 34,540 2.0 1.8 2.3 1,134,315 515,270 619,045 3.1 2.9 3.4
Baptist 30,945 14,005 16,940 1.0 0.9 1.1 436,940 200,325 236,615 1.2 1.1 1.3
Catholic 388,095 180,465 207,635 12.9 12.2 13.6 10,880,360 5,193,345 5,687,010 29.9 29.0 30.9
Christian Orthodox 37,370 18,165 19,205 1.2 1.2 1.3 623,010 301,055 321,955 1.7 1.7 1.8
Jehovah's Witness 12,035 5,245 6,790 0.4 0.4 0.4 137,255 59,505 77,750 0.4 0.3 0.4
Latter Day Saints 4,785 2,170 2,615 0.2 0.1 0.2 87,725 41,365 46,360 0.2 0.2 0.3
Lutheran 21,485 9,270 12,210 0.7 0.6 0.8 328,045 150,115 177,925 0.9 0.8 1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 3,785 1,735 2,055 0.1 0.1 0.1 100,655 46,640 54,020 0.3 0.3 0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 23,050 10,440 12,610 0.8 0.7 0.8 399,025 180,870 218,155 1.1 1.0 1.2
Presbyterian 16,300 7,230 9,070 0.5 0.5 0.6 301,400 136,440 164,960 0.8 0.8 0.9
Reformed 8,410 4,095 4,315 0.3 0.3 0.3 79,870 39,250 40,620 0.2 0.2 0.2
United Church 55,400 21,930 33,475 1.8 1.5 2.2 1,214,185 531,740 682,445 3.3 3.0 3.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 54,325 24,960 29,365 1.8 1.7 1.9 745,650 345,540 400,110 2.1 1.9 2.2
Hindu 71,400 36,710 34,690 2.4 2.5 2.3 828,195 430,135 398,060 2.3 2.4 2.2
Jewish 20,960 10,150 10,810 0.7 0.7 0.7 335,295 164,220 171,070 0.9 0.9 0.9
Muslim 114,245 57,230 57,010 3.8 3.9 3.7 1,775,715 904,205 871,510 4.9 5.0 4.7
Sikh 267,350 133,810 133,545 8.9 9.1 8.7 771,790 394,345 377,445 2.1 2.2 2.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 3,460 1,650 1,810 0.1 0.1 0.1 80,685 38,460 42,230 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions 28,115 11,845 16,265 0.9 0.8 1.1 229,015 97,645 131,370 0.6 0.5 0.7
No religion and secular perspectives 1,416,420 730,675 685,745 47.1 49.5 44.8 12,577,475 6,619,395 5,958,080 34.6 36.9 32.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 2,980,305 1,462,695 1,517,615 100.0 100.0 100.0 35,986,480 17,761,880 18,224,600 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 2,539,555 1,246,015 1,293,545 85.2 85.2 85.2 31,600,930 15,595,875 16,005,050 87.8 87.8 87.8
Movers 440,750 216,680 224,065 14.8 14.8 14.8 4,385,555 2,166,005 2,219,550 12.2 12.2 12.2
Non-migrants 250,790 122,740 128,050 8.4 8.4 8.4 2,572,400 1,270,395 1,302,005 7.1 7.2 7.1
Migrants 189,960 93,940 96,020 6.4 6.4 6.3 1,813,155 895,610 917,550 5.0 5.0 5.0
Internal migrants 141,065 69,705 71,360 4.7 4.8 4.7 1,519,200 748,025 771,180 4.2 4.2 4.2
Intraprovincial migrants 111,390 54,810 56,585 3.7 3.7 3.7 1,250,235 612,810 637,425 3.5 3.5 3.5
Interprovincial migrants 29,675 14,900 14,775 1.0 1.0 1.0 268,965 135,215 133,750 0.7 0.8 0.7
External migrants 48,895 24,235 24,660 1.6 1.7 1.6 293,955 147,585 146,370 0.8 0.8 0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 2,870,165 1,406,170 1,463,995 100.0 100.0 100.0 34,504,330 17,002,250 17,502,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 1,617,885 788,570 829,315 56.4 56.1 56.6 21,061,090 10,370,425 10,690,660 61.0 61.0 61.1
Movers 1,252,275 617,600 634,680 43.6 43.9 43.4 13,443,240 6,631,825 6,811,420 39.0 39.0 38.9
Non-migrants 493,730 243,265 250,465 17.2 17.3 17.1 5,773,890 2,840,425 2,933,460 16.7 16.7 16.8
Migrants 758,550 374,335 384,215 26.4 26.6 26.2 7,669,355 3,791,400 3,877,955 22.2 22.3 22.2
Internal migrants 522,625 257,770 264,855 18.2 18.3 18.1 5,976,960 2,932,205 3,044,755 17.3 17.2 17.4
Intraprovincial migrants 427,495 210,120 217,370 14.9 14.9 14.8 5,055,615 2,472,510 2,583,105 14.7 14.5 14.8
Interprovincial migrants 95,135 47,650 47,485 3.3 3.4 3.2 921,345 459,695 461,650 2.7 2.7 2.6
External migrants 235,925 116,560 119,360 8.2 8.3 8.2 1,692,390 859,195 833,200 4.9 5.1 4.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 2,565,595 1,248,140 1,317,455 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 358,515 182,600 175,915 14.0 14.6 13.4 5,474,175 2,907,175 2,567,000 18.0 19.6 16.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 2,207,075 1,065,540 1,141,540 86.0 85.4 86.6 24,861,745 11,954,065 12,907,675 82.0 80.4 83.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 1,697,300 827,180 870,120 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,265 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 141,125 78,430 62,695 8.3 9.5 7.2 2,271,360 1,309,215 962,140 11.6 13.6 9.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 1,556,170 748,745 807,425 91.7 90.5 92.8 17,296,905 8,311,120 8,985,780 88.4 86.4 90.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 2,565,595 1,248,140 1,317,455 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 325,375 162,290 163,085 12.7 13.0 12.4 4,899,580 2,534,175 2,365,395 16.2 17.1 15.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 730,665 365,835 364,830 28.5 29.3 27.7 8,097,295 4,022,790 4,074,505 26.7 27.1 26.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 1,509,555 720,015 789,545 58.8 57.7 59.9 17,339,045 8,304,275 9,034,770 57.2 55.9 58.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 659,085 325,730 333,355 25.7 26.1 25.3 9,252,800 4,623,985 4,628,815 30.5 31.1 29.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 155,765 113,520 42,250 6.1 9.1 3.2 2,641,555 1,811,500 830,055 8.7 12.2 5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 70,415 41,250 29,165 2.7 3.3 2.2 1,458,160 827,980 630,185 4.8 5.6 4.1
Apprenticeship certificate169 85,345 72,270 13,085 3.3 5.8 1.0 1,183,395 983,525 199,870 3.9 6.6 1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 395,670 166,955 228,725 15.4 13.4 17.4 5,714,490 2,439,925 3,274,560 18.8 16.4 21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 107,650 45,260 62,390 4.2 3.6 4.7 896,755 372,560 524,195 3.0 2.5 3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher 850,465 394,285 456,185 33.1 31.6 34.6 8,086,245 3,680,285 4,405,955 26.7 24.8 28.5
Bachelor's degree 552,470 252,150 300,315 21.5 20.2 22.8 5,295,360 2,339,045 2,956,315 17.5 15.7 19.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 59,600 24,995 34,605 2.3 2.0 2.6 556,510 243,200 313,310 1.8 1.6 2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 22,365 11,735 10,630 0.9 0.9 0.8 214,105 108,000 106,105 0.7 0.7 0.7
Master's degree 186,510 87,855 98,655 7.3 7.0 7.5 1,740,605 824,250 916,355 5.7 5.5 5.9
Earned doctorate171 29,525 17,545 11,980 1.2 1.4 0.9 279,660 165,795 113,870 0.9 1.1 0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 1,697,300 827,175 870,120 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,335 9,947,920 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 121,805 66,900 54,905 7.2 8.1 6.3 1,931,855 1,094,855 837,000 9.9 11.4 8.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 407,295 212,995 194,300 24.0 25.7 22.3 4,501,365 2,349,540 2,151,825 23.0 24.4 21.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 1,168,200 547,280 620,920 68.8 66.2 71.4 13,135,045 6,175,940 6,959,105 67.1 64.2 70.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 476,910 234,960 241,955 28.1 28.4 27.8 6,703,100 3,338,215 3,364,885 34.3 34.7 33.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 107,725 79,340 28,385 6.3 9.6 3.3 1,886,510 1,280,245 606,260 9.6 13.3 6.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 48,415 28,700 19,715 2.9 3.5 2.3 1,050,285 586,420 463,865 5.4 6.1 4.7
Apprenticeship certificate169 59,310 50,645 8,670 3.5 6.1 1.0 836,220 693,830 142,395 4.3 7.2 1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 290,815 122,820 167,995 17.1 14.8 19.3 4,193,505 1,796,935 2,396,575 21.4 18.7 24.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 78,375 32,800 45,570 4.6 4.0 5.2 623,090 261,035 362,050 3.2 2.7 3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher 691,285 312,320 378,970 40.7 37.8 43.6 6,431,940 2,837,720 3,594,215 32.9 29.5 36.1
Bachelor's degree 447,290 200,790 246,500 26.4 24.3 28.3 4,177,455 1,808,555 2,368,900 21.3 18.8 23.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 46,790 19,000 27,790 2.8 2.3 3.2 430,875 179,230 251,645 2.2 1.9 2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 17,225 8,180 9,050 1.0 1.0 1.0 167,730 75,120 92,615 0.9 0.8 0.9
Master's degree 157,770 71,970 85,805 9.3 8.7 9.9 1,446,435 659,295 787,145 7.4 6.9 7.9
Earned doctorate171 22,215 12,385 9,830 1.3 1.5 1.1 209,445 115,530 93,915 1.1 1.2 0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 2,565,590 1,248,135 1,317,455 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 1,056,040 528,125 527,915 41.2 42.3 40.1 12,996,870 6,556,970 6,439,900 42.8 44.1 41.6
Education 88,655 19,490 69,170 3.5 1.6 5.3 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 3.7 1.7 5.5
13. Education 88,655 19,490 69,170 3.5 1.6 5.3 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 3.7 1.7 5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 79,475 34,625 44,850 3.1 2.8 3.4 631,255 274,065 357,190 2.1 1.8 2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 10,200 7,215 2,985 0.4 0.6 0.2 74,785 53,390 21,395 0.2 0.4 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 69,275 27,415 41,860 2.7 2.2 3.2 556,470 220,680 335,790 1.8 1.5 2.2
Humanities 101,885 38,765 63,125 4.0 3.1 4.8 926,560 354,120 572,440 3.1 2.4 3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 13,040 2,920 10,120 0.5 0.2 0.8 106,345 23,460 82,885 0.4 0.2 0.5
23. English language and literature/letters 24,365 6,870 17,500 0.9 0.6 1.3 184,600 53,020 131,580 0.6 0.4 0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 37,660 15,010 22,645 1.5 1.2 1.7 316,050 119,215 196,830 1.0 0.8 1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 1,645 670 980 0.1 0.1 0.1 18,935 6,835 12,095 0.1 0.0 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 4,915 2,875 2,040 0.2 0.2 0.2 57,745 33,040 24,700 0.2 0.2 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 7,420 4,545 2,880 0.3 0.4 0.2 77,510 46,140 31,365 0.3 0.3 0.2
54. History 10,395 5,420 4,975 0.4 0.4 0.4 108,935 58,310 50,620 0.4 0.4 0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 2,440 460 1,985 0.1 0.0 0.2 56,440 14,090 42,345 0.2 0.1 0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law 197,865 71,825 126,045 7.7 5.8 9.6 2,016,125 670,770 1,345,360 6.6 4.5 8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 3,245 830 2,420 0.1 0.1 0.2 29,430 7,065 22,365 0.1 0.0 0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 23,265 8,530 14,735 0.9 0.7 1.1 233,400 88,205 145,200 0.8 0.6 0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 22,805 2,380 20,430 0.9 0.2 1.6 344,150 27,905 316,240 1.1 0.2 2.0
22. Legal professions and studies 31,065 11,360 19,705 1.2 0.9 1.5 325,785 115,335 210,445 1.1 0.8 1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 4,295 1,675 2,620 0.2 0.1 0.2 49,855 16,000 33,850 0.2 0.1 0.2
42. Psychology 34,575 8,985 25,590 1.3 0.7 1.9 327,965 79,295 248,665 1.1 0.5 1.6
45. Social sciences 78,610 38,065 40,545 3.1 3.0 3.1 705,540 336,960 368,580 2.3 2.3 2.4
Business, management and public administration 332,700 144,925 187,780 13.0 11.6 14.3 3,758,250 1,488,175 2,270,075 12.4 10.0 14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science 400 150 255 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,335 1,705 3,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 13,790 3,375 10,420 0.5 0.3 0.8 272,240 55,995 216,245 0.9 0.4 1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 318,510 141,400 177,110 12.4 11.3 13.4 3,480,675 1,430,475 2,050,200 11.5 9.6 13.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies 72,255 36,375 35,880 2.8 2.9 2.7 719,715 353,540 366,175 2.4 2.4 2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 29,460 12,515 16,945 1.1 1.0 1.3 297,055 121,615 175,435 1.0 0.8 1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 18,610 8,725 9,885 0.7 0.7 0.8 155,955 72,245 83,705 0.5 0.5 0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 1,260 415 840 0.0 0.0 0.1 35,380 14,950 20,430 0.1 0.1 0.1
40. Physical sciences 20,995 14,080 6,920 0.8 1.1 0.5 196,620 130,745 65,875 0.6 0.9 0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians 1,930 640 1,285 0.1 0.1 0.1 34,710 13,985 20,730 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 81,235 53,505 27,735 3.2 4.3 2.1 804,230 531,435 272,795 2.7 3.6 1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 65,370 46,040 19,325 2.5 3.7 1.5 643,145 454,370 188,775 2.1 3.1 1.2
25. Library science 3,930 550 3,380 0.2 0.0 0.3 43,085 7,100 35,985 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 9,905 5,650 4,255 0.4 0.5 0.3 99,360 57,560 41,800 0.3 0.4 0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 2,035 1,265 770 0.1 0.1 0.1 18,640 12,400 6,240 0.1 0.1 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 263,755 228,720 35,035 10.3 18.3 2.7 3,506,120 3,131,220 374,900 11.6 21.1 2.4
04. Architecture and related services 14,565 8,740 5,825 0.6 0.7 0.4 135,020 81,930 53,090 0.4 0.6 0.3
14. Engineering 95,050 75,480 19,570 3.7 6.0 1.5 900,475 723,080 177,395 3.0 4.9 1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 45,480 39,610 5,870 1.8 3.2 0.4 726,155 638,355 87,800 2.4 4.3 0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 50 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 190 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 49,695 48,110 1,585 1.9 3.9 0.1 703,905 683,060 20,845 2.3 4.6 0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 38,495 37,410 1,080 1.5 3.0 0.1 659,480 640,895 18,590 2.2 4.3 0.1
48. Precision production 20,420 19,350 1,065 0.8 1.6 0.1 380,505 363,710 16,795 1.3 2.4 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 26,840 13,850 12,990 1.0 1.1 1.0 407,545 234,360 173,175 1.3 1.6 1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 17,020 8,060 8,955 0.7 0.6 0.7 262,580 140,520 122,070 0.9 0.9 0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation 9,820 5,785 4,035 0.4 0.5 0.3 144,960 93,845 51,115 0.5 0.6 0.3
Health and related fields 200,630 46,255 154,370 7.8 3.7 11.7 2,444,500 485,615 1,958,885 8.1 3.3 12.7
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 16,590 8,520 8,070 0.6 0.7 0.6 180,785 89,005 91,780 0.6 0.6 0.6
51. Health professions and related programs178 176,905 33,780 143,125 6.9 2.7 10.9 2,194,395 360,540 1,833,855 7.2 2.4 11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 415 125 290 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,255 1,425 3,825 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 6,715 3,830 2,885 0.3 0.3 0.2 64,030 34,630 29,400 0.2 0.2 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 63,845 31,510 32,335 2.5 2.5 2.5 1,006,425 520,970 485,455 3.3 3.5 3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 41,860 13,760 28,095 1.6 1.1 2.1 548,520 151,115 397,410 1.8 1.0 2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 130 100 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,965 3,520 445 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 375 355 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,900 6,210 690 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 8,475 6,050 2,425 0.3 0.5 0.2 227,835 160,930 66,905 0.8 1.1 0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving 13,010 11,235 1,765 0.5 0.9 0.1 219,205 199,190 20,010 0.7 1.3 0.1
Other179 400 165 230 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,305 1,640 3,665 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 1,697,300 827,180 870,120 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 529,095 279,895 249,200 31.2 33.8 28.6 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 32.9 35.8 30.0
Education 59,895 12,380 47,520 3.5 1.5 5.5 742,175 158,185 583,990 3.8 1.6 5.9
13. Education 59,895 12,380 47,520 3.5 1.5 5.5 742,175 158,185 583,990 3.8 1.6 5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 63,995 27,890 36,100 3.8 3.4 4.1 490,455 210,500 279,955 2.5 2.2 2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 7,905 5,605 2,300 0.5 0.7 0.3 54,645 38,170 16,475 0.3 0.4 0.2
50. Visual and performing arts 56,085 22,285 33,800 3.3 2.7 3.9 435,815 172,330 263,480 2.2 1.8 2.6
Humanities 76,195 27,885 48,315 4.5 3.4 5.6 649,695 241,235 408,465 3.3 2.5 4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 10,165 2,050 8,115 0.6 0.2 0.9 79,235 16,400 62,835 0.4 0.2 0.6
23. English language and literature/letters 18,540 5,010 13,525 1.1 0.6 1.6 134,815 37,610 97,210 0.7 0.4 1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 27,935 10,700 17,230 1.6 1.3 2.0 216,725 80,505 136,220 1.1 0.8 1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 1,165 485 680 0.1 0.1 0.1 12,910 4,540 8,370 0.1 0.0 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 3,750 2,150 1,600 0.2 0.3 0.2 41,640 23,645 17,990 0.2 0.2 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 5,050 3,095 1,950 0.3 0.4 0.2 48,920 29,245 19,675 0.2 0.3 0.2
54. History 7,900 4,075 3,830 0.5 0.5 0.4 78,415 40,800 37,615 0.4 0.4 0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 1,700 315 1,385 0.1 0.0 0.2 37,045 8,490 28,555 0.2 0.1 0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law 159,605 56,235 103,375 9.4 6.8 11.9 1,588,720 502,835 1,085,885 8.1 5.2 10.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 2,690 665 2,020 0.2 0.1 0.2 23,895 5,520 18,370 0.1 0.1 0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 20,105 7,255 12,855 1.2 0.9 1.5 196,475 72,125 124,350 1.0 0.7 1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 17,595 1,790 15,805 1.0 0.2 1.8 270,970 20,095 250,875 1.4 0.2 2.5
22. Legal professions and studies 25,155 8,305 16,850 1.5 1.0 1.9 261,265 82,850 178,420 1.3 0.9 1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 3,390 1,330 2,055 0.2 0.2 0.2 37,830 12,160 25,670 0.2 0.1 0.3
42. Psychology 27,290 6,755 20,535 1.6 0.8 2.4 249,205 55,840 193,365 1.3 0.6 1.9
45. Social sciences 63,380 30,135 33,250 3.7 3.6 3.8 549,090 254,250 294,840 2.8 2.6 3.0
Business, management and public administration 265,960 113,565 152,395 15.7 13.7 17.5 2,941,315 1,140,050 1,801,260 15.0 11.9 18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science 290 105 190 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,995 1,335 2,665 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 10,320 2,420 7,900 0.6 0.3 0.9 213,140 40,230 172,910 1.1 0.4 1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 255,355 111,045 144,310 15.0 13.4 16.6 2,724,175 1,098,490 1,625,685 13.9 11.4 16.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies 54,140 26,250 27,890 3.2 3.2 3.2 513,555 241,780 271,785 2.6 2.5 2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 23,010 9,500 13,510 1.4 1.1 1.6 227,460 90,390 137,075 1.2 0.9 1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 13,640 6,235 7,405 0.8 0.8 0.9 108,350 48,075 60,280 0.6 0.5 0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 1,075 355 715 0.1 0.0 0.1 14,270 5,690 8,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
40. Physical sciences 15,255 9,770 5,485 0.9 1.2 0.6 140,510 88,540 51,970 0.7 0.9 0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians 1,170 395 775 0.1 0.0 0.1 22,960 9,090 13,870 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 68,740 45,820 22,925 4.0 5.5 2.6 667,305 445,970 221,330 3.4 4.6 2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 57,450 40,650 16,795 3.4 4.9 1.9 554,185 392,835 161,350 2.8 4.1 1.6
25. Library science 2,505 370 2,135 0.1 0.0 0.2 27,610 4,720 22,885 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 7,125 3,790 3,335 0.4 0.5 0.4 70,940 39,000 31,940 0.4 0.4 0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 1,660 1,000 655 0.1 0.1 0.1 14,565 9,415 5,155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 197,600 167,715 29,880 11.6 20.3 3.4 2,611,205 2,292,785 318,420 13.3 23.8 3.2
04. Architecture and related services 11,600 6,560 5,040 0.7 0.8 0.6 105,845 61,230 44,605 0.5 0.6 0.4
14. Engineering 76,135 58,860 17,275 4.5 7.1 2.0 724,235 568,385 155,850 3.7 5.9 1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 32,570 27,840 4,730 1.9 3.4 0.5 536,600 464,510 72,090 2.7 4.8 0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 160 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 36,380 35,180 1,200 2.1 4.3 0.1 510,105 493,000 17,100 2.6 5.1 0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 26,990 26,205 785 1.6 3.2 0.1 467,225 452,385 14,840 2.4 4.7 0.1
48. Precision production 13,880 13,060 815 0.8 1.6 0.1 266,690 253,110 13,585 1.4 2.6 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 20,645 10,095 10,550 1.2 1.2 1.2 314,120 170,440 143,680 1.6 1.8 1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 12,940 5,830 7,115 0.8 0.7 0.8 199,335 99,700 99,635 1.0 1.0 1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation 7,700 4,260 3,440 0.5 0.5 0.4 114,780 70,745 44,040 0.6 0.7 0.4
Health and related fields 153,565 35,960 117,605 9.0 4.3 13.5 1,839,975 371,180 1,468,795 9.4 3.9 14.8
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 13,150 6,885 6,260 0.8 0.8 0.7 139,280 67,885 71,385 0.7 0.7 0.7
51. Health professions and related programs178 135,230 26,505 108,725 8.0 3.2 12.5 1,648,120 279,090 1,369,030 8.4 2.9 13.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 345 65 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,430 945 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 4,845 2,500 2,345 0.3 0.3 0.3 48,115 23,255 24,860 0.2 0.2 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 47,540 23,360 24,180 2.8 2.8 2.8 772,450 399,835 372,615 3.9 4.2 3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 31,220 10,415 20,805 1.8 1.3 2.4 414,520 112,935 301,590 2.1 1.2 3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 70 50 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,955 2,575 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 165 150 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,850 3,415 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 6,735 4,710 2,030 0.4 0.6 0.2 183,025 128,295 54,725 0.9 1.3 0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving 9,345 8,040 1,310 0.6 1.0 0.2 168,105 152,620 15,485 0.9 1.6 0.2
Other179 320 125 190 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,075 1,150 2,930 0.0 0.0 0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 1,697,300 827,180 870,120 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 529,095 279,895 249,200 31.2 33.8 28.6 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 32.9 35.8 30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 1,168,205 547,285 620,920 68.8 66.2 71.4 13,135,040 6,175,940 6,959,100 67.1 64.2 70.0
Location of study inside Canada 781,495 372,710 408,780 46.0 45.1 47.0 10,490,520 4,926,390 5,564,130 53.6 51.2 55.9
Same as province or territory of residence 637,355 300,005 337,350 37.6 36.3 38.8 9,251,025 4,324,195 4,926,830 47.3 44.9 49.5
Different than province or territory of residence 144,135 72,705 71,430 8.5 8.8 8.2 1,239,495 602,195 637,300 6.3 6.3 6.4
Location of study outside Canada182 386,710 174,565 212,140 22.8 21.1 24.4 2,644,520 1,249,550 1,394,970 13.5 13.0 14.0
Americas 63,595 31,440 32,155 3.7 3.8 3.7 483,810 238,040 245,775 2.5 2.5 2.5
United States of America 40,725 20,900 19,825 2.4 2.5 2.3 279,005 143,575 135,435 1.4 1.5 1.4
Mexico 7,600 3,465 4,135 0.4 0.4 0.5 36,400 16,175 20,230 0.2 0.2 0.2
Cuba 245 115 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,345 4,275 4,070 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,620 5,645 4,970 0.1 0.1 0.0
Jamaica 305 145 160 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,780 6,110 6,670 0.1 0.1 0.1
Brazil 7,540 3,520 4,025 0.4 0.4 0.5 40,050 18,445 21,605 0.2 0.2 0.2
Colombia 1,940 855 1,090 0.1 0.1 0.1 31,165 13,875 17,295 0.2 0.1 0.2
Peru 755 290 465 0.0 0.0 0.1 7,780 3,025 4,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuela95 690 305 385 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,655 5,330 7,320 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other locations of study in Americas 3,775 1,845 1,930 0.2 0.2 0.2 45,000 21,575 23,425 0.2 0.2 0.2
Europe 69,770 35,915 33,855 4.1 4.3 3.9 543,725 281,205 262,520 2.8 2.9 2.6
Belgium 570 335 230 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,795 4,260 3,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
France 4,125 2,190 1,930 0.2 0.3 0.2 97,770 53,930 43,840 0.5 0.6 0.4
Germany 3,100 1,615 1,490 0.2 0.2 0.2 22,450 12,070 10,380 0.1 0.1 0.1
Netherlands 1,335 750 580 0.1 0.1 0.1 10,825 6,065 4,765 0.1 0.1 0.0
Switzerland 1,070 520 555 0.1 0.1 0.1 8,470 4,420 4,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungary 735 355 380 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,160 2,465 2,700 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldova183 425 190 240 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,055 4,165 4,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poland 2,485 1,135 1,350 0.1 0.1 0.2 25,215 11,115 14,100 0.1 0.1 0.1
Romania 3,160 1,540 1,620 0.2 0.2 0.2 32,250 16,190 16,060 0.2 0.2 0.2
Russian Federation 5,110 2,320 2,790 0.3 0.3 0.3 36,095 16,250 19,845 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ukraine 3,625 1,645 1,975 0.2 0.2 0.2 36,405 16,635 19,775 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ireland96 5,075 2,920 2,155 0.3 0.4 0.2 16,040 9,175 6,865 0.1 0.1 0.1
United Kingdom87 27,665 14,780 12,885 1.6 1.8 1.5 151,900 81,980 69,920 0.8 0.9 0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina 750 360 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,030 2,915 3,115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 1,270 690 580 0.1 0.1 0.1 8,895 5,055 3,840 0.0 0.1 0.0
Serbia86 1,400 775 635 0.1 0.1 0.1 8,745 4,470 4,280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Europe 7,870 3,800 4,070 0.5 0.5 0.5 60,615 30,055 30,560 0.3 0.3 0.3
Africa 8,770 4,685 4,085 0.5 0.6 0.5 216,815 111,010 105,805 1.1 1.2 1.1
Nigeria 900 505 400 0.1 0.1 0.0 33,280 16,395 16,880 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algeria 115 65 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,230 17,020 16,210 0.2 0.2 0.2
Morocco 290 155 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,640 12,125 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tunisia 120 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,655 7,100 5,555 0.1 0.1 0.1
Egypt 1,340 705 635 0.1 0.1 0.1 30,255 15,145 15,115 0.2 0.2 0.2
South Africa, Republic of 3,805 1,985 1,825 0.2 0.2 0.2 19,060 9,900 9,160 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other locations of study in Africa 2,205 1,225 985 0.1 0.1 0.1 64,700 33,325 31,385 0.3 0.3 0.3
Asia 232,415 96,210 136,210 13.7 11.6 15.7 1,352,215 594,805 757,410 6.9 6.2 7.6
Iran88 15,600 6,825 8,775 0.9 0.8 1.0 66,630 30,180 36,450 0.3 0.3 0.4
Iraq 1,380 785 590 0.1 0.1 0.1 16,515 8,250 8,265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Israel 1,160 605 550 0.1 0.1 0.1 11,355 5,725 5,630 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lebanon 430 200 230 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,565 9,355 10,210 0.1 0.1 0.1
Syria89 660 340 320 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,405 7,885 8,520 0.1 0.1 0.1
Turkey 1,465 865 595 0.1 0.1 0.1 11,855 6,595 5,260 0.1 0.1 0.1
China90 56,190 23,310 32,875 3.3 2.8 3.8 201,100 87,370 113,720 1.0 0.9 1.1
Taiwan 8,470 2,845 5,625 0.5 0.3 0.6 14,520 4,750 9,770 0.1 0.0 0.1
Hong Kong91 6,800 2,730 4,075 0.4 0.3 0.5 18,325 7,445 10,875 0.1 0.1 0.1
Japan 6,875 1,715 5,155 0.4 0.2 0.6 18,605 5,280 13,325 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korea, South92 17,735 6,450 11,280 1.0 0.8 1.3 53,575 20,575 33,000 0.3 0.2 0.3
Philippines 46,335 17,305 29,035 2.7 2.1 3.3 305,795 115,370 190,420 1.6 1.2 1.9
Viet Nam 1,785 515 1,270 0.1 0.1 0.1 12,500 4,490 8,005 0.1 0.0 0.1
Bangladesh 975 430 545 0.1 0.1 0.1 25,000 11,360 13,645 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sri Lanka 920 460 460 0.1 0.1 0.1 15,085 7,090 7,995 0.1 0.1 0.1
India 53,565 25,380 28,190 3.2 3.1 3.2 405,850 199,380 206,475 2.1 2.1 2.1
Pakistan 3,585 1,695 1,890 0.2 0.2 0.2 75,155 35,055 40,100 0.4 0.4 0.4
Other locations of study in Asia 8,490 3,745 4,745 0.5 0.5 0.5 64,385 28,650 35,735 0.3 0.3 0.4
Oceania 12,160 6,320 5,840 0.7 0.8 0.7 47,960 24,495 23,460 0.2 0.3 0.2
Australia 9,035 4,620 4,415 0.5 0.6 0.5 38,525 19,270 19,250 0.2 0.2 0.2
New Zealand 2,330 1,270 1,060 0.1 0.2 0.1 7,785 4,300 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania 790 430 360 0.0 0.1 0.0 1,655 930 730 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 2,565,595 1,248,140 1,317,455 ... ... ... 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 ... ... ...
In the labour force 1,678,410 870,990 807,420 ... ... ... 19,310,345 10,056,270 9,254,070 ... ... ...
Employed 1,535,260 801,135 734,125 ... ... ... 17,321,695 9,056,680 8,265,025 ... ... ...
Unemployed 143,150 69,855 73,290 ... ... ... 1,988,645 999,600 989,045 ... ... ...
Not in the labour force 887,185 377,145 510,035 ... ... ... 11,025,575 4,804,970 6,220,605 ... ... ...
Participation rate 65.4 69.8 61.3 65.4 69.8 61.3 63.7 67.7 59.8 63.7 67.7 59.8
Employment rate 59.8 64.2 55.7 59.8 64.2 55.7 57.1 60.9 53.4 57.1 60.9 53.4
Unemployment rate 8.5 8.0 9.1 8.5 8.0 9.1 10.3 9.9 10.7 10.3 9.9 10.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 2,565,590 1,248,135 1,317,455 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 100.0 100.0 100.0
Did not work186 915,360 394,755 520,610 35.7 31.6 39.5 11,140,775 4,889,605 6,251,170 36.7 32.9 40.4
Worked 1,650,230 853,385 796,845 64.3 68.4 60.5 19,195,145 9,971,640 9,223,500 63.3 67.1 59.6
Worked full year full time187 864,610 494,150 370,460 33.7 39.6 28.1 10,215,385 5,685,910 4,529,475 33.7 38.3 29.3
Worked part year and/or part time188 785,620 359,235 426,385 30.6 28.8 32.4 8,979,760 4,285,730 4,694,025 29.6 28.8 30.3
Average weeks worked in reference year 41.0 42.1 39.8 41.0 42.1 39.8 41.0 41.7 40.3 41.0 41.7 40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 1,678,410 870,995 807,415 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0
Class of worker - not applicable190 36,520 17,245 19,275 2.2 2.0 2.4 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7
All classes of workers191 1,641,890 853,745 788,140 97.8 98.0 97.6 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3
Employee 1,356,550 678,670 677,875 80.8 77.9 84.0 16,103,455 8,139,075 7,964,375 83.4 80.9 86.1
Permanent position 1,133,690 577,700 555,990 67.5 66.3 68.9 13,431,685 6,866,375 6,565,310 69.6 68.3 70.9
Temporary position 222,855 100,970 121,885 13.3 11.6 15.1 2,671,765 1,272,700 1,399,065 13.8 12.7 15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more) 81,245 37,430 43,810 4.8 4.3 5.4 867,740 386,965 480,775 4.5 3.8 5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 141,615 63,540 78,075 8.4 7.3 9.7 1,804,030 885,740 918,285 9.3 8.8 9.9
Self-employed192 285,340 175,080 110,265 17.0 20.1 13.7 2,720,025 1,679,250 1,040,780 14.1 16.7 11.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 1,678,410 870,995 807,415 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0
Occupation - not applicable190 36,520 17,245 19,275 2.2 2.0 2.4 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7
All occupations191 1,641,890 853,745 788,140 97.8 98.0 97.6 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 22,250 16,090 6,165 1.3 1.8 0.8 254,760 177,450 77,315 1.3 1.8 0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 303,970 101,540 202,430 18.1 11.7 25.1 3,303,180 1,062,425 2,240,755 17.1 10.6 24.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 146,970 111,445 35,525 8.8 12.8 4.4 1,587,980 1,199,390 388,595 8.2 11.9 4.2
3 Health occupations 117,515 27,565 89,950 7.0 3.2 11.1 1,504,100 298,960 1,205,135 7.8 3.0 13.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 191,995 64,445 127,550 11.4 7.4 15.8 2,322,345 752,280 1,570,075 12.0 7.5 17.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 80,900 40,200 40,705 4.8 4.6 5.0 596,785 275,420 321,360 3.1 2.7 3.5
6 Sales and service occupations 419,350 188,405 230,950 25.0 21.6 28.6 4,616,050 2,072,110 2,543,945 23.9 20.6 27.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 275,105 248,835 26,265 16.4 28.6 3.3 3,239,500 2,950,915 288,585 16.8 29.3 3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 29,110 19,570 9,540 1.7 2.2 1.2 541,235 416,960 124,270 2.8 4.1 1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 54,715 35,645 19,065 3.3 4.1 2.4 857,540 612,415 245,120 4.4 6.1 2.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 1,678,410 870,995 807,415 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0
Industry - not applicable190 36,520 17,245 19,275 2.2 2.0 2.4 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7
All industries191 1,641,890 853,745 788,140 97.8 98.0 97.6 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 22,670 12,530 10,140 1.4 1.4 1.3 434,800 295,160 139,640 2.3 2.9 1.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 5,015 3,685 1,335 0.3 0.4 0.2 239,030 195,605 43,425 1.2 1.9 0.5
22 Utilities 8,935 6,000 2,930 0.5 0.7 0.4 147,750 109,475 38,270 0.8 1.1 0.4
23 Construction 139,020 119,035 19,985 8.3 13.7 2.5 1,469,085 1,269,060 200,025 7.6 12.6 2.2
31-33 Manufacturing 99,205 66,790 32,420 5.9 7.7 4.0 1,540,490 1,095,160 445,330 8.0 10.9 4.8
41 Wholesale trade 60,360 39,070 21,290 3.6 4.5 2.6 610,295 406,960 203,335 3.2 4.0 2.2
44-45 Retail trade 183,675 86,810 96,870 10.9 10.0 12.0 2,149,640 1,027,160 1,122,480 11.1 10.2 12.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 99,340 75,620 23,715 5.9 8.7 2.9 981,030 742,515 238,515 5.1 7.4 2.6
51 Information and cultural industries 58,010 36,255 21,755 3.5 4.2 2.7 400,460 237,940 162,520 2.1 2.4 1.8
52 Finance and insurance 72,195 33,020 39,170 4.3 3.8 4.9 815,225 358,145 457,080 4.2 3.6 4.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 41,950 22,870 19,080 2.5 2.6 2.4 343,940 186,230 157,710 1.8 1.9 1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 172,820 96,850 75,970 10.3 11.1 9.4 1,571,160 877,780 693,380 8.1 8.7 7.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises 4,365 2,025 2,340 0.3 0.2 0.3 45,455 21,495 23,955 0.2 0.2 0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 69,265 39,295 29,970 4.1 4.5 3.7 792,600 457,880 334,725 4.1 4.6 3.6
61 Educational services 124,495 41,500 82,995 7.4 4.8 10.3 1,413,320 436,645 976,670 7.3 4.3 10.6
62 Health care and social assistance 186,305 38,835 147,475 11.1 4.5 18.3 2,446,370 470,340 1,976,030 12.7 4.7 21.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 37,205 18,745 18,460 2.2 2.2 2.3 350,710 180,205 170,500 1.8 1.8 1.8
72 Accommodation and food services 112,440 48,360 64,080 6.7 5.6 7.9 1,085,270 478,000 607,270 5.6 4.8 6.6
81 Other services (except public administration) 70,935 30,005 40,930 4.2 3.4 5.1 797,935 373,775 424,165 4.1 3.7 4.6
91 Public administration 73,670 36,450 37,225 4.4 4.2 4.6 1,188,915 598,780 590,135 6.2 6.0 6.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 1,790,555 923,210 867,345 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 1,577,625 817,130 760,490 88.1 88.5 87.7 14,942,170 7,807,315 7,134,855 72.4 73.0 71.8
French 1,785 510 1,275 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,164,890 1,592,470 1,572,420 15.3 14.9 15.8
Non-official language 50,090 26,165 23,925 2.8 2.8 2.8 169,205 89,515 79,685 0.8 0.8 0.8
Indigenous39 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,935 3,590 3,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 50,065 26,155 23,915 2.8 2.8 2.8 162,265 85,925 76,345 0.8 0.8 0.8
English and French 13,280 5,230 8,055 0.7 0.6 0.9 1,682,510 859,635 822,870 8.2 8.0 8.3
English and non-official language(s) 142,010 71,335 70,675 7.9 7.7 8.1 570,220 291,000 279,220 2.8 2.7 2.8
French and non-official language(s) 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,935 9,955 10,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 1,920 860 1,065 0.1 0.1 0.1 69,340 34,190 35,145 0.3 0.3 0.4
Multiple non-official languages 3,770 1,950 1,820 0.2 0.2 0.2 11,265 5,960 5,305 0.1 0.1 0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 1,790,555 923,210 867,345 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 1,757,430 906,310 851,120 98.2 98.2 98.1 20,176,640 10,458,830 9,717,810 97.8 97.8 97.8
Official languages 1,668,755 860,390 808,370 93.2 93.2 93.2 19,866,180 10,297,010 9,569,175 96.3 96.3 96.3
English 1,664,935 859,315 805,620 93.0 93.1 92.9 15,879,850 8,272,750 7,607,105 77.0 77.4 76.5
French 3,825 1,070 2,755 0.2 0.1 0.3 3,986,330 2,024,260 1,962,070 19.3 18.9 19.7
Non-official languages 88,675 45,920 42,750 5.0 5.0 4.9 310,455 161,825 148,635 1.5 1.5 1.5
Indigenous languages39 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,435 9,725 9,710 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,600 6,020 5,575 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,115 4,715 4,400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015 585 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,985 3,170 2,815 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 65 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 110 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,695 2,500 2,205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 875 1,075 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 80 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 435 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 825 430 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,585 830 755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 875 490 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 340 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 610 295 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 895 410 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 410 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 535 255 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 70 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 75 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,630 3,200 3,425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,605 3,200 3,405 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 50 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 88,635 45,895 42,735 5.0 5.0 4.9 291,025 152,095 138,925 1.4 1.4 1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages 450 280 165 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,265 5,300 3,955 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 185 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 155 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 435 280 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,785 5,080 3,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 95 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 325 225 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,190 4,250 2,940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 325 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 240 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 70 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 240 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 165 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 2,355 870 1,480 0.1 0.1 0.2 9,770 4,135 5,635 0.0 0.0 0.1
Khmer (Cambodian) 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 495 215 285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 2,330 860 1,475 0.1 0.1 0.2 9,260 3,905 5,350 0.0 0.0 0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 785 405 385 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,760 2,180 2,580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 90 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 85 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 620 315 305 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,205 1,895 2,310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 185 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 375 170 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,010 1,410 1,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 140 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 55 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,685 1,255 1,425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 28,795 17,050 11,750 1.6 1.8 1.4 112,395 64,055 48,335 0.5 0.6 0.5
Albanian 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 315 170 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 295 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 830 320 505 0.0 0.0 0.1 10,085 4,390 5,695 0.0 0.0 0.1
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 15 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 820 315 505 0.0 0.0 0.1 9,995 4,375 5,620 0.0 0.0 0.1
Bulgarian 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 55 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 60 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 80 25 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,265 1,000 1,265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 585 215 370 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,240 2,085 3,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 85 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 485 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 80 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 95 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 75 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 310 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,265 620 650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 210 90 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,250 8,060 6,190 0.1 0.1 0.1
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 150 55 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,480 5,695 4,790 0.1 0.1 0.0
German 145 45 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,615 3,655 2,970 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,560 1,405 1,150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 115 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,050 520 530 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,540 2,245 1,290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 965 515 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 420 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 1,275 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 100 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 45 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 875 445 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 24,560 14,955 9,605 1.4 1.6 1.1 55,455 32,965 22,490 0.3 0.3 0.2
Indo-Aryan languages 22,580 13,835 8,745 1.3 1.5 1.0 48,020 28,910 19,100 0.2 0.3 0.2
Bengali 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 290 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,115 515 600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 505 275 230 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,235 1,145 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 125 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 21,945 13,500 8,450 1.2 1.5 1.0 40,840 25,480 15,365 0.2 0.2 0.2
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 80 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 90 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,725 1,265 1,465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 1,985 1,125 855 0.1 0.1 0.1 7,430 4,045 3,385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 145 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 70 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 1,950 1,105 845 0.1 0.1 0.1 7,110 3,825 3,285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dari 110 75 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 445 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 1,680 920 760 0.1 0.1 0.1 5,715 2,980 2,735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 160 115 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 595 400 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 3,115 1,640 1,470 0.2 0.2 0.2 30,795 17,685 13,105 0.1 0.2 0.1
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 110 40 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,625 730 900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 495 210 290 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,970 4,070 2,895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 375 310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 2,455 1,360 1,095 0.1 0.1 0.1 21,455 12,465 8,990 0.1 0.1 0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 1,800 625 1,175 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,560 1,225 2,340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 6,450 3,245 3,210 0.4 0.4 0.4 14,345 7,125 7,225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mongolian 0 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 210 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 95 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 20 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 230 95 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,010 795 1,210 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 215 90 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,590 620 970 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 110 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 47,450 23,195 24,255 2.7 2.5 2.8 128,375 64,180 64,190 0.6 0.6 0.6
Chinese languages 47,390 23,155 24,230 2.6 2.5 2.8 128,045 63,990 64,055 0.6 0.6 0.6
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 27,710 13,280 14,425 1.5 1.4 1.7 76,040 37,760 38,280 0.4 0.4 0.4
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 230 105 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 210 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 19,365 9,730 9,640 1.1 1.1 1.1 50,950 25,725 25,225 0.2 0.2 0.3
Chinese, n.o.s. 75 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 240 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 60 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 175 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 40 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 85 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 80 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 140 55 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 310 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 135 50 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 275 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 60 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,345 695 650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 55 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,270 660 615 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 215 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 25 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 33,125 16,900 16,225 1.8 1.8 1.9 453,880 231,205 222,675 2.2 2.2 2.2
English and French 1,640 595 1,040 0.1 0.1 0.1 321,975 163,305 158,675 1.6 1.5 1.6
English and non-official language(s) 30,580 15,825 14,755 1.7 1.7 1.7 115,955 60,210 55,745 0.6 0.6 0.6
French and non-official language(s) 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,280 2,795 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,405 3,795 3,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 785 430 355 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,265 1,100 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 1,790,555 923,210 867,345 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 1,657,460 858,225 799,230 92.6 93.0 92.1 18,696,980 9,704,050 8,992,935 90.6 90.8 90.5
English 32,890 16,615 16,275 1.8 1.8 1.9 902,625 474,755 427,875 4.4 4.4 4.3
French 9,940 4,245 5,690 0.6 0.5 0.7 589,755 288,955 300,800 2.9 2.7 3.0
Non-official language 71,255 35,340 35,915 4.0 3.8 4.1 331,375 168,035 163,335 1.6 1.6 1.6
Indigenous39 185 75 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,190 7,740 10,450 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 71,070 35,270 35,800 4.0 3.8 4.1 313,185 160,295 152,885 1.5 1.5 1.5
English and French 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,940 1,445 1,495 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 4,670 2,145 2,530 0.3 0.2 0.3 33,125 15,680 17,445 0.2 0.1 0.2
French and non-official language(s) 1,495 640 850 0.1 0.1 0.1 22,615 11,475 11,135 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 210 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 12,805 5,975 6,835 0.7 0.6 0.8 50,740 25,425 25,315 0.2 0.2 0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 1,535,260 801,135 734,130 100.0 100.0 100.0 17,321,700 9,056,680 8,265,020 100.0 100.0 100.0
Worked at home 386,570 188,910 197,660 25.2 23.6 26.9 4,214,860 2,000,150 2,214,705 24.3 22.1 26.8
Worked outside Canada 8,435 5,575 2,855 0.5 0.7 0.4 58,335 40,295 18,035 0.3 0.4 0.2
No fixed workplace address 227,505 168,070 59,435 14.8 21.0 8.1 2,201,745 1,660,325 541,415 12.7 18.3 6.6
Usual place of work 912,750 438,575 474,175 59.5 54.7 64.6 10,846,770 5,355,910 5,490,860 62.6 59.1 66.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 912,750 438,580 474,175 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,846,770 5,355,905 5,490,860 100.0 100.0 100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 438,230 190,770 247,465 48.0 43.5 52.2 6,397,120 2,970,205 3,426,915 59.0 55.5 62.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 432,765 222,345 210,420 47.4 50.7 44.4 2,343,640 1,185,830 1,157,810 21.6 22.1 21.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 39,005 23,775 15,230 4.3 5.4 3.2 2,007,950 1,139,665 868,285 18.5 21.3 15.8
Commute to a different province or territory 2,750 1,690 1,060 0.3 0.4 0.2 98,060 60,210 37,850 0.9 1.1 0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 1,140,255 606,650 533,605 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0
Car, truck or van 875,960 491,810 384,150 76.8 81.1 72.0 10,950,750 6,060,925 4,889,825 83.9 86.4 81.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver 799,425 462,660 336,770 70.1 76.3 63.1 10,106,595 5,717,830 4,388,770 77.5 81.5 72.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 76,530 29,150 47,380 6.7 4.8 8.9 844,155 343,100 501,050 6.5 4.9 8.3
Public transit 149,985 61,395 88,590 13.2 10.1 16.6 1,000,510 422,270 578,235 7.7 6.0 9.6
Walked 69,920 28,675 41,240 6.1 4.7 7.7 672,815 296,610 376,205 5.2 4.2 6.2
Bicycle 20,260 12,765 7,495 1.8 2.1 1.4 138,615 92,195 46,415 1.1 1.3 0.8
Other method 24,130 12,000 12,125 2.1 2.0 2.3 285,820 144,225 141,595 2.2 2.1 2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 1,140,255 606,650 533,605 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 15 minutes 263,520 118,980 144,535 23.1 19.6 27.1 4,178,570 1,993,385 2,185,185 32.0 28.4 36.2
15 to 29 minutes 388,595 201,645 186,955 34.1 33.2 35.0 4,546,195 2,418,910 2,127,285 34.8 34.5 35.3
30 to 44 minutes 283,265 165,155 118,105 24.8 27.2 22.1 2,487,010 1,462,340 1,024,670 19.1 20.8 17.0
45 to 59 minutes 108,615 63,410 45,205 9.5 10.5 8.5 910,610 542,485 368,125 7.0 7.7 6.1
60 minutes and over 96,260 57,455 38,800 8.4 9.5 7.3 926,120 599,115 327,005 7.1 8.5 5.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 1,140,255 606,650 533,605 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 77,820 55,685 22,135 6.8 9.2 4.1 938,820 701,960 236,865 7.2 10.0 3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 177,315 112,945 64,365 15.6 18.6 12.1 2,274,845 1,465,860 808,985 17.4 20.9 13.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 258,310 134,185 124,130 22.7 22.1 23.3 3,435,740 1,776,900 1,658,845 26.3 25.3 27.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 245,105 113,925 131,185 21.5 18.8 24.6 2,711,355 1,189,065 1,522,290 20.8 16.9 25.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 206,820 94,910 111,910 18.1 15.6 21.0 1,661,340 740,915 920,430 12.7 10.6 15.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 174,885 95,000 79,885 15.3 15.7 15.0 2,026,405 1,141,540 884,865 15.5 16.3 14.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 545,270 281,840 263,430 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,335,800 3,768,210 3,567,595 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 32,180 16,280 15,900 5.9 5.8 6.0 897,205 456,120 441,085 12.2 12.1 12.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 513,095 265,560 247,535 94.1 94.2 94.0 6,438,595 3,312,090 3,126,505 87.8 87.9 87.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 399,475 207,065 192,410 100.0 100.0 100.0 5,372,330 2,761,965 2,610,365 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 25,130 12,745 12,380 6.3 6.2 6.4 682,190 346,420 335,770 12.7 12.5 12.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 14,885 7,335 7,550 3.7 3.5 3.9 467,685 234,475 233,215 8.7 8.5 8.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 10,245 5,405 4,830 2.6 2.6 2.5 214,500 111,950 102,550 4.0 4.1 3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 374,350 194,320 180,025 93.7 93.8 93.6 4,690,140 2,415,545 2,274,595 87.3 87.5 87.1

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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