Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Regina--Moose MountainMore information: Saskatchewan [Economic region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	329,412	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	317,428	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	149,158	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	133,395	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	48,553.26	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	329,415	163,490	165,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	63,090	32,125	30,965	19.2	19.6	18.7
0 to 4 years	19,575	9,900	9,675	5.9	6.1	5.8
5 to 9 years	21,825	11,070	10,755	6.6	6.8	6.5
10 to 14 years	21,690	11,160	10,530	6.6	6.8	6.3
15 to 64 years	211,645	106,395	105,255	64.2	65.1	63.4
15 to 19 years	19,200	9,935	9,265	5.8	6.1	5.6
20 to 24 years	19,600	10,290	9,315	5.9	6.3	5.6
25 to 29 years	20,660	10,380	10,285	6.3	6.3	6.2
30 to 34 years	23,925	11,840	12,090	7.3	7.2	7.3
35 to 39 years	24,785	12,400	12,385	7.5	7.6	7.5
40 to 44 years	22,990	11,620	11,370	7.0	7.1	6.9
45 to 49 years	19,775	9,915	9,860	6.0	6.1	5.9
50 to 54 years	18,505	9,300	9,210	5.6	5.7	5.6
55 to 59 years	21,255	10,425	10,830	6.5	6.4	6.5
60 to 64 years	20,945	10,290	10,660	6.4	6.3	6.4
65 years and over	54,680	24,970	29,710	16.6	15.3	17.9
65 to 69 years	18,095	8,915	9,180	5.5	5.5	5.5
70 to 74 years	13,465	6,500	6,965	4.1	4.0	4.2
75 to 79 years	9,030	4,145	4,875	2.7	2.5	2.9
80 to 84 years	6,400	2,710	3,695	1.9	1.7	2.2
85 years and over	7,685	2,700	4,995	2.3	1.7	3.0
85 to 89 years	4,395	1,625	2,770	1.3	1.0	1.7
90 to 94 years	2,500	895	1,605	0.8	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	675	160	515	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	120	15	105	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.2	19.6	18.7	19.2	19.6	18.7
15 to 64 years	64.2	65.1	63.4	64.2	65.1	63.4
65 years and over	16.6	15.3	17.9	16.6	15.3	17.9
85 years and over	2.3	1.7	3.0	2.3	1.7	3.0
Average age of the population	39.7	38.8	40.5	39.7	38.8	40.5
Median age of the population	38.8	38.0	39.6	38.8	38.0	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	133,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	92,925	...	...	69.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,440	...	...	2.6	...	...
Row house	6,805	...	...	5.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,425	...	...	1.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	21,100	...	...	15.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,550	...	...	3.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	130	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,020	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	133,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	38,975	...	...	29.2	...	...
2 persons	46,270	...	...	34.7	...	...
3 persons	18,715	...	...	14.0	...	...
4 persons	17,985	...	...	13.5	...	...
5 or more persons	11,445	...	...	8.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	323,560	160,890	162,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	266,325	131,365	134,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	155,325	77,670	77,660	58.3	59.1	57.5
Married	130,130	65,085	65,045	48.9	49.5	48.2
Living common-law	25,200	12,590	12,615	9.5	9.6	9.3
Living common law - Never married	18,890	9,505	9,390	7.1	7.2	7.0
Living common law - Separated	840	440	395	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	5,000	2,450	2,550	1.9	1.9	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	470	195	280	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	110,995	53,695	57,305	41.7	40.9	42.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	75,100	41,445	33,655	28.2	31.5	24.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5,975	2,630	3,345	2.2	2.0	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	15,335	6,500	8,840	5.8	4.9	6.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	14,585	3,125	11,465	5.5	2.4	8.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	90,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	46,435	...	...	51.2	...	...
3 persons	18,075	...	...	19.9	...	...
4 persons	17,300	...	...	19.1	...	...
5 or more persons	8,890	...	...	9.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	90,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	75,790	...	...	83.6	...	...
Married couples	63,190	...	...	69.7	...	...
With children⁶	33,070	...	...	36.5	...	...
Without children	30,120	...	...	33.2	...	...
Common-law couples	12,600	...	...	13.9	...	...
With children⁶	5,030	...	...	5.5	...	...
Without children	7,570	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	14,910	...	...	16.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	11,290	...	...	12.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	3,620	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	323,560	160,890	162,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	264,460	131,170	133,295	81.7	81.5	81.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	151,580	75,765	75,815	46.8	47.1	46.6
Parents in one-parent families	14,905	3,615	11,285	4.6	2.2	6.9
Children⁶	97,975	51,785	46,190	30.3	32.2	28.4
In a two-parent family	73,565	38,510	35,055	22.7	23.9	21.5
In a one-parent family	24,415	13,280	11,130	7.5	8.3	6.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	59,100	29,725	29,375	18.3	18.5	18.1
Living alone	38,975	18,480	20,500	12.0	11.5	12.6
Living with other relatives⁷	7,685	3,675	4,005	2.4	2.3	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	12,440	7,570	4,870	3.8	4.7	3.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	133,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	81,840	...	...	61.4	...	...
Couple-family households	70,170	...	...	52.6	...	...
With children⁶	35,060	...	...	26.3	...	...
Without children	35,115	...	...	26.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	11,675	...	...	8.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,590	...	...	1.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	565	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	3,650	...	...	2.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5,765	...	...	4.3	...	...
One-person households	38,980	...	...	29.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	260,705	128,900	131,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	249,835	123,240	126,595	95.8	95.6	96.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	52,000	41,600	46,000	52,000	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	249,975	123,320	126,655	95.9	95.7	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	45,600	37,600	41,200	45,600	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	228,300	114,075	114,225	87.6	88.5	86.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	48,400	34,400	40,800	48,400	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	187,870	96,880	90,985	72.1	75.2	69.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	48,400	36,400	42,000	48,400	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	220,260	106,785	113,470	84.5	82.8	86.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,850	5,760	9,200	7,850	5,760	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,015	11,850	11,165	8.8	9.2	8.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,640	6,000	5,800	5,640	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,855	30,020	30,835	23.3	23.3	23.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	260,660	128,855	131,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	249,855	123,150	126,705	95.9	95.6	96.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,200	65,000	49,600	57,200	65,000	49,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	249,990	123,220	126,765	95.9	95.6	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,560	52,650	42,560	47,560	52,650	42,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	228,710	114,100	114,615	87.7	88.5	87.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,850	61,900	43,840	52,850	61,900	43,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	187,865	96,605	91,265	72.1	75.0	69.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,700	59,450	43,560	51,700	59,450	43,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	219,810	106,355	113,455	84.3	82.5	86.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,040	8,900	11,110	10,040	8,900	11,110
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,830	11,795	11,040	8.8	9.2	8.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,010	6,215	7,860	7,010	6,215	7,860
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	61,020	30,200	30,815	23.4	23.4	23.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,870	8,880	8,860	8,870	8,880	8,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	260,665	128,855	131,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	95,980	52,870	43,110	36.8	41.0	32.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	72,000	60,400	66,500	72,000	60,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,300	82,300	66,600	75,300	82,300	66,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	69,675	32,865	36,805	26.7	25.5	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	22,000	17,000	19,200	22,000	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,840	35,320	24,980	29,840	35,320	24,980
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.6	88.2	80.0	84.6	88.2	80.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.0	71.6	63.2	68.0	71.6	63.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.4	11.8	20.1	15.4	11.8	20.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	3.7	5.3	4.4	3.7	5.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.4	4.4	3.8	3.4	4.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	260,710	128,900	131,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	10,870	5,660	5,215	4.2	4.4	4.0
With total income	249,835	123,240	126,595	95.8	95.6	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	19,705	9,030	10,675	7.9	7.3	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	24,195	10,275	13,925	9.7	8.3	11.0
$20,000 to $29,999	33,915	14,555	19,360	13.6	11.8	15.3
$30,000 to $39,999	29,720	12,770	16,945	11.9	10.4	13.4
$40,000 to $49,999	28,205	12,615	15,590	11.3	10.2	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	24,535	11,730	12,810	9.8	9.5	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	19,955	10,305	9,650	8.0	8.4	7.6
$70,000 to $79,999	16,025	8,850	7,175	6.4	7.2	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	12,780	7,150	5,625	5.1	5.8	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	10,290	5,745	4,550	4.1	4.7	3.6
$100,000 and over	30,510	20,220	10,285	12.2	16.4	8.1
$100,000 to $149,999	21,525	13,605	7,920	8.6	11.0	6.3
$150,000 and over	8,985	6,615	2,365	3.6	5.4	1.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	260,710	128,900	131,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	10,735	5,580	5,155	4.1	4.3	3.9
With after-tax income	249,975	123,320	126,655	95.9	95.7	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20,600	9,365	11,230	8.2	7.6	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	25,445	10,825	14,620	10.2	8.8	11.5
$20,000 to $29,999	38,845	16,830	22,010	15.5	13.6	17.4
$30,000 to $39,999	35,855	15,910	19,945	14.3	12.9	15.7
$40,000 to $49,999	33,860	15,880	17,980	13.5	12.9	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	27,560	14,285	13,280	11.0	11.6	10.5
$60,000 to $69,999	20,755	11,315	9,435	8.3	9.2	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	15,465	8,485	6,985	6.2	6.9	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	10,165	5,855	4,315	4.1	4.7	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	6,665	4,105	2,560	2.7	3.3	2.0
$100,000 and over	14,765	10,460	4,300	5.9	8.5	3.4
$100,000 to $124,999	8,130	5,610	2,525	3.3	4.5	2.0
$125,000 and over	6,630	4,855	1,780	2.7	3.9	1.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	260,710	128,900	131,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	72,840	32,020	40,820	27.9	24.8	31.0
With employment income	187,865	96,880	90,990	72.1	75.2	69.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	23,910	11,180	12,730	12.7	11.5	14.0
$5,000 to $9,999	13,995	6,355	7,635	7.4	6.6	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	20,355	9,320	11,035	10.8	9.6	12.1
$20,000 to $29,999	16,520	7,695	8,825	8.8	7.9	9.7
$30,000 to $39,999	15,880	7,400	8,480	8.5	7.6	9.3
$40,000 to $49,999	16,380	7,715	8,660	8.7	8.0	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	15,255	7,650	7,605	8.1	7.9	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	13,470	7,340	6,130	7.2	7.6	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	11,255	6,320	4,940	6.0	6.5	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	9,690	5,450	4,245	5.2	5.6	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	8,010	4,490	3,525	4.3	4.6	3.9
$100,000 and over	23,135	15,965	7,175	12.3	16.5	7.9
$100,000 to $124,999	11,325	7,150	4,170	6.0	7.4	4.6
$125,000 and over	11,810	8,810	3,005	6.3	9.1	3.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	260,705	128,900	131,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	244,095	120,215	123,880	93.6	93.3	94.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	52,400	39,600	45,200	52,400	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	244,185	120,225	123,960	93.7	93.3	94.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	45,600	35,600	40,000	45,600	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	224,700	112,255	112,440	86.2	87.1	85.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,800	35,600	42,400	50,800	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	186,545	96,190	90,350	71.6	74.6	68.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	50,800	37,200	43,600	50,800	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	207,515	100,800	106,715	79.6	78.2	81.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,400	1,140	5,120	2,400	1,140	5,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	17,530	8,450	9,085	6.7	6.6	6.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	5,520	6,900	6,080	5,520	6,900
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	260,660	128,855	131,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	244,030	120,025	124,005	93.6	93.1	94.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,450	64,300	46,880	55,450	64,300	46,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	244,095	120,035	124,065	93.6	93.2	94.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,800	51,700	40,040	45,800	51,700	40,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	225,100	112,265	112,835	86.4	87.1	85.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,600	63,500	43,800	53,600	63,500	43,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	186,855	96,195	90,660	71.7	74.7	68.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,700	61,000	43,960	52,700	61,000	43,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	207,435	100,625	106,815	79.6	78.1	81.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,040	5,840	8,160	7,040	5,840	8,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,695	8,610	9,085	6.8	6.7	6.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,780	6,470	9,020	7,780	6,470	9,020
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	260,665	128,855	131,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	95,315	52,495	42,820	36.6	40.7	32.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	70,000	56,800	63,200	70,000	56,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,300	80,300	62,500	72,300	80,300	62,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	65,025	30,550	34,480	24.9	23.7	26.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	30,600	22,400	25,400	30,600	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,160	43,120	29,960	36,160	43,120	29,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.2	92.4	85.0	89.2	92.4	85.0
Employment income (%)	72.8	76.0	68.6	72.8	76.0	68.6
Government transfers (%)	10.8	7.6	15.0	10.8	7.6	15.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.4	1.0	0.7	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	133,395	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	38,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...	46,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	94,415	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	133,395	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,200	...	...	107,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,100	...	...	89,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	38,970	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,120	...	...	49,120	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	94,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,800	...	...	126,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,600	...	...	105,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	133,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,460	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	640	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,155	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,050	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,695	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,190	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,920	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,425	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,600	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,815	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	9,580	...	...	7.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	9,405	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	8,980	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	8,370	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	7,845	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	57,255	...	...	42.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	16,485	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	12,345	...	...	9.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15,535	...	...	11.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	12,890	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	133,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,635	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	645	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,205	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,130	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,095	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,780	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,645	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5,365	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5,690	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5,690	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	11,560	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	11,095	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10,450	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	9,630	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	8,525	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	45,260	...	...	33.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	17,080	...	...	12.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	11,400	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	16,780	...	...	12.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	90,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	35,745	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	38,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	13,900	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	51,420	26,050	25,375	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	43,600	41,600	42,800	43,600	41,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	38,800	37,600	38,400	38,800	37,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	90,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,200	...	...	127,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,700	...	...	105,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35,790	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,300	...	...	120,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,800	...	...	98,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	38,325	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,600	...	...	152,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,300	...	...	126,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,865	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,800	...	...	78,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,800	...	...	69,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	51,315	26,045	25,270	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,300	56,500	52,050	54,300	56,500	52,050
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,200	45,920	44,520	45,200	45,920	44,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	323,560	160,890	162,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	74,430	37,995	36,435	23.0	23.6	22.4
0 to 5 years	23,835	12,015	11,825	7.4	7.5	7.3
18 to 64 years	198,175	99,095	99,080	61.2	61.6	60.9
65 years and over	50,960	23,805	27,150	15.7	14.8	16.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	35,100	16,860	18,240	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	10,310	5,265	5,045	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	3,565	1,725	1,840	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	18,775	9,265	9,510	...	...	...
65 years and over	6,010	2,325	3,690	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.9	10.5	11.2	10.9	10.5	11.2
0 to 17 years (%)	13.9	13.9	13.8	13.9	13.9	13.8
0 to 5 years (%)	14.9	14.3	15.6	14.9	14.3	15.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	9.4	9.6	9.5	9.4	9.6
65 years and over (%)	11.8	9.8	13.6	11.8	9.8	13.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	318,545	158,370	160,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	72,570	37,075	35,495	22.8	23.4	22.2
0 to 5 years	23,320	11,780	11,535	7.3	7.4	7.2
18 to 64 years	195,535	97,735	97,805	61.4	61.7	61.1
65 years and over	50,440	23,560	26,875	15.8	14.9	16.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	12,430	6,740	5,685	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,905	1,510	1,395	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	935	475	460	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,830	4,900	3,930	...	...	...
65 years and over	695	330	365	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.9	4.3	3.6	3.9	4.3	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	4.1	3.9	4.0	4.1	3.9
0 to 5 years (%)	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.5	5.0	4.0	4.5	5.0	4.0
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	323,560	160,890	162,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	154,405	75,195	79,210	47.7	46.7	48.7
In bottom decile	31,355	15,725	15,630	9.7	9.8	9.6
In second decile	30,505	14,130	16,380	9.4	8.8	10.1
In third decile	30,695	14,905	15,790	9.5	9.3	9.7
In fourth decile	30,665	14,980	15,690	9.5	9.3	9.6
In fifth decile	31,180	15,465	15,725	9.6	9.6	9.7
In top half of the distribution	169,155	85,695	83,460	52.3	53.3	51.3
In sixth decile	32,385	16,165	16,220	10.0	10.0	10.0
In seventh decile	33,650	16,950	16,700	10.4	10.5	10.3
In eighth decile	35,225	17,810	17,415	10.9	11.1	10.7
In ninth decile	35,760	18,150	17,605	11.1	11.3	10.8
In top decile	32,140	16,620	15,520	9.9	10.3	9.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	323,560	...	...	323,560	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.329	...	...	0.329	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.427	...	...	0.427	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.290	...	...	0.290	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	324,905	161,475	163,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	305,120	152,555	152,565	93.9	94.5	93.4
French only	195	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	16,525	7,450	9,070	5.1	4.6	5.5
Neither English nor French	3,070	1,385	1,685	0.9	0.9	1.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	324,905	161,475	163,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	318,270	158,360	159,910	98.0	98.1	97.8
French	3,075	1,485	1,590	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and French	640	330	315	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	2,920	1,300	1,620	0.9	0.8	1.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	324,905	161,475	163,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	315,230	156,730	158,500	97.0	97.1	97.0
Official languages	268,520	133,435	135,090	82.6	82.6	82.7
English	265,340	131,895	133,445	81.7	81.7	81.7
French	3,180	1,535	1,645	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official languages	46,710	23,300	23,410	14.4	14.4	14.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	555	235	320	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	380	150	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	280	115	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	280	115	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	150	65	90	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	95	35	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	90	30	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	75	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	46,155	23,060	23,095	14.2	14.3	14.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,100	1,555	1,545	1.0	1.0	0.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	590	280	305	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	430	205	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,495	1,265	1,230	0.8	0.8	0.8
Amharic	170	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,805	915	890	0.6	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	475	250	230	0.1	0.2	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,670	805	865	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,630	780	850	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	8,870	4,175	4,695	2.7	2.6	2.9
Bikol	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	230	105	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	520	245	280	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	485	230	260	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,180	3,395	3,785	2.2	2.1	2.3
Waray-Waray	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,185	660	525	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kannada	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	685	365	320	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	215	120	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	240	150	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	23,055	11,845	11,210	7.1	7.3	6.9
Albanian	190	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,410	1,575	1,840	1.0	1.0	1.1
Baltic languages	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,335	1,535	1,800	1.0	1.0	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	450	205	250	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	975	465	515	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	375	180	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	145	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	135	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,410	635	775	0.4	0.4	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,140	1,515	1,620	1.0	0.9	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,320	1,105	1,215	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	2,300	1,095	1,205	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	695	350	340	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	255	140	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	280	135	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	135	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	115	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	490	250	240	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	13,635	7,330	6,305	4.2	4.5	3.9
Indo-Aryan languages	12,780	6,880	5,900	3.9	4.3	3.6
Assamese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,385	730	655	0.4	0.5	0.4
Gujarati	2,745	1,545	1,200	0.8	1.0	0.7
Hindi	1,200	675	525	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	365	180	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,205	2,260	1,945	1.3	1.4	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	2,555	1,310	1,250	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	845	445	400	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	175	100	70	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	610	305	300	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	215	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	340	175	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,165	1,060	1,105	0.7	0.7	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	310	160	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	190	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	245	115	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,410	700	715	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	95	25	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	625	275	350	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,205	615	590	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	150	85	65	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	110	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	355	175	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	170	100	70	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dinka	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	95	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,350	2,630	2,725	1.6	1.6	1.7
Chinese languages	4,790	2,345	2,450	1.5	1.5	1.5
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,285	1,620	1,665	1.0	1.0	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,305	630	680	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	545	275	265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	430	220	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	365	190	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	190	75	110	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	135	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	140	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	100	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	365	170	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	340	165	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,675	4,745	4,930	3.0	2.9	3.0
English and French	985	500	485	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	7,560	3,715	3,845	2.3	2.3	2.4
French and non-official language(s)	150	80	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	845	395	450	0.3	0.2	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	324,905	161,475	163,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	270,120	134,175	135,945	83.1	83.1	83.2
French	720	350	370	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	12,495	6,235	6,260	3.8	3.9	3.8
Indigenous³⁹	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	12,465	6,225	6,240	3.8	3.9	3.8
English and French	2,495	1,165	1,330	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	36,450	18,250	18,205	11.2	11.3	11.1
French and non-official language(s)	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,010	490	520	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	1,495	760	735	0.5	0.5	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	324,905	161,475	163,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	314,940	156,445	158,490	96.9	96.9	97.0
Official languages	286,005	141,830	144,175	88.0	87.8	88.2
English	284,900	141,300	143,600	87.7	87.5	87.9
French	1,105	530	570	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	28,935	14,615	14,315	8.9	9.1	8.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	115	50	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	28,815	14,570	14,250	8.9	9.0	8.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,125	1,030	1,090	0.7	0.6	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	420	195	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	290	135	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,710	835	875	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,250	605	640	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	360	185	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,310	650	660	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,295	645	655	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5,660	2,745	2,915	1.7	1.7	1.8
Bikol	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	270	135	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	190	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,835	2,340	2,495	1.5	1.4	1.5
Waray-Waray	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	790	410	370	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	495	265	235	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	125	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	140	80	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,465	7,030	6,435	4.1	4.4	3.9
Albanian	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,390	690	700	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,350	670	685	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	625	315	315	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	150	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	415	210	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	675	330	345	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	455	225	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	455	220	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	220	110	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	150	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	250	120	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	10,140	5,400	4,740	3.1	3.3	2.9
Indo-Aryan languages	9,580	5,125	4,455	2.9	3.2	2.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	980	510	470	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	2,080	1,155	930	0.6	0.7	0.6
Hindi	875	500	380	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	275	140	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,435	1,850	1,585	1.1	1.1	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,780	895	880	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	550	275	280	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	400	190	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	240	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	920	440	475	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	695	330	360	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	465	220	250	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	490	240	250	0.2	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	115	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	100	65	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	80	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,010	1,985	2,025	1.2	1.2	1.2
Chinese languages	3,585	1,765	1,815	1.1	1.1	1.1
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,630	1,315	1,320	0.8	0.8	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	845	405	445	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	410	210	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	340	170	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	285	145	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,965	5,030	4,940	3.1	3.1	3.0
English and French	405	200	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	9,220	4,665	4,555	2.8	2.9	2.8
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	200	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	324,905	161,475	163,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	291,035	144,615	146,420	89.6	89.6	89.6
English	12,385	6,245	6,140	3.8	3.9	3.8
French	2,085	975	1,115	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	13,985	6,855	7,130	4.3	4.2	4.4
Indigenous³⁹	680	295	380	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	13,305	6,560	6,745	4.1	4.1	4.1
English and French	130	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	2,910	1,530	1,380	0.9	0.9	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	445	195	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,895	975	920	0.6	0.6	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	323,560	160,895	162,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	320,510	159,525	160,990	99.1	99.1	99.0
English	320,380	159,455	160,925	99.0	99.1	98.9
French	16,545	7,675	8,870	5.1	4.8	5.5
Non-official languages	63,415	31,610	31,805	19.6	19.6	19.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,795	880	915	0.6	0.5	0.6
Algonquian languages	1,275	615	655	0.4	0.4	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,075	510	565	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	1,075	510	565	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	450	210	245	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	570	285	285	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	280	160	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	280	160	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	240	130	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	465	235	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assiniboine	150	85	65	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dakota	225	105	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	61,670	30,750	30,925	19.1	19.1	19.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,495	2,295	2,200	1.4	1.4	1.4
Berber languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	85	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	85	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	855	420	430	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bilen	135	75	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	620	305	315	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,760	1,945	1,815	1.2	1.2	1.1
Amharic	355	175	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	2,750	1,445	1,305	0.8	0.9	0.8
Aramaic languages	115	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	85	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	300	170	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	685	350	330	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,185	1,045	1,135	0.7	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	2,100	995	1,105	0.6	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	12,255	5,820	6,435	3.8	3.6	4.0
Bikol	135	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	350	175	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	885	405	485	0.3	0.3	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	170	80	95	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	1,160	550	610	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indonesian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	60	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	195	105	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	11,880	5,615	6,260	3.7	3.5	3.8
Waray-Waray	100	65	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	460	235	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	385	200	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,785	930	855	0.6	0.6	0.5
Kannada	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	1,035	530	505	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	450	260	195	0.1	0.2	0.1
Telugu	400	220	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	30,455	15,530	14,920	9.4	9.7	9.2
Albanian	270	155	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,345	2,070	2,285	1.3	1.3	1.4
Baltic languages	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,300	2,045	2,255	1.3	1.3	1.4
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	470	210	260	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	1,920	925	995	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	645	330	315	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatian	315	175	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	280	140	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	2,090	975	1,115	0.6	0.6	0.7
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,635	1,820	1,815	1.1	1.1	1.1
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,575	1,255	1,325	0.8	0.8	0.8
German	2,550	1,240	1,310	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	900	515	390	0.3	0.3	0.2
Afrikaans	420	255	165	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dutch	350	205	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	210	85	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	95	35	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	840	435	410	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	17,915	9,480	8,430	5.5	5.9	5.2
Indo-Aryan languages	17,010	8,975	8,035	5.3	5.6	4.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,870	950	915	0.6	0.6	0.6
Gujarati	3,455	1,920	1,535	1.1	1.2	0.9
Hindi	7,970	4,245	3,730	2.5	2.6	2.3
Kacchi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	265	130	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	395	205	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,225	3,310	2,915	1.9	2.1	1.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	50	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	4,090	2,115	1,970	1.3	1.3	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	215	125	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	1,105	610	495	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	275	150	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	780	440	340	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	355	185	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	435	255	180	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,205	1,995	2,210	1.3	1.2	1.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	635	275	355	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	370	190	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	245	125	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	3,125	1,475	1,640	1.0	0.9	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	445	205	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	790	390	400	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	3,245	1,675	1,575	1.0	1.0	1.0
Akan (Twi)	215	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	75	55	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	550	295	255	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	160	80	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	485	250	235	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	1,330	670	660	0.4	0.4	0.4
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	340	185	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	190	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	135	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	405	220	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	320	170	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,350	3,140	3,210	2.0	2.0	2.0
Chinese languages	5,610	2,810	2,795	1.7	1.7	1.7
Hakka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	4,285	2,140	2,155	1.3	1.3	1.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,745	870	870	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	140	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	695	305	380	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	140	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	525	235	290	0.2	0.1	0.2
S'gaw Karen	460	210	250	0.1	0.1	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	255	120	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	190	105	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	100	30	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	195	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	175	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	365	170	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	350	155	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	323,560	160,895	162,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	34,305	16,500	17,800	10.6	10.3	10.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	33,500	16,125	17,375	10.4	10.0	10.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	21,280	10,145	11,135	6.6	6.3	6.8
Métis	12,075	5,930	6,140	3.7	3.7	3.8
Inuk (Inuit)	145	50	95	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	450	205	245	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	350	175	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	289,260	144,390	144,870	89.4	89.7	89.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	323,560	160,895	162,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	19,665	9,360	10,310	6.1	5.8	6.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	303,895	151,530	152,365	93.9	94.2	93.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	133,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	94,540	...	...	70.9	...	...
Renter	37,560	...	...	28.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,300	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	133,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	16,185	...	...	12.1	...	...
Not condominium	117,215	...	...	87.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	133,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	570	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	13,275	...	...	10.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	31,915	...	...	23.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	45,715	...	...	34.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	41,920	...	...	31.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	133,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	33,785	...	...	25.3	...	...
5 rooms	20,590	...	...	15.4	...	...
6 rooms	19,265	...	...	14.4	...	...
7 rooms	17,855	...	...	13.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	41,905	...	...	31.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	133,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	129,925	...	...	97.4	...	...
More than one person per room	3,465	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	133,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	126,790	...	...	95.0	...	...
Not suitable	6,610	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	133,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	28,090	...	...	21.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	44,200	...	...	33.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	17,170	...	...	12.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	9,225	...	...	6.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,580	...	...	4.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	8,045	...	...	6.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	12,670	...	...	9.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	8,425	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	133,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	123,255	...	...	92.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	10,140	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	133,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	67,990	...	...	51.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	60,625	...	...	45.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,780	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	133,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	4,935	...	...	3.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	20,970	...	...	15.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	26,430	...	...	19.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	22,095	...	...	16.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	25,090	...	...	18.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	19,210	...	...	14.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	10,180	...	...	7.6	...	...
85 years and over	4,475	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	127,840	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	105,420	...	...	82.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	22,425	...	...	17.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	20,445	...	...	16.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	133,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	35,860	...	...	26.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	19,780	...	...	14.8	...	...
Not suitable only	5,150	...	...	3.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	7,725	...	...	5.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	795	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,750	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	565	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	97,530	...	...	73.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	125,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	12,140	...	...	9.6	...	...
Not in core need	113,725	...	...	90.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	91,080	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.7	...	...	60.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.9	...	...	10.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,270	...	...	1,270	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,402	...	...	1,402	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	324,000	...	...	324,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	351,600	...	...	351,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,315	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.7	...	...	15.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.9	...	...	33.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.2	...	...	22.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,163	...	...	1,163	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,300	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	268	...	...	268	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	303	...	...	303	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	323,560	160,890	162,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	19,330	9,155	10,175	6.0	5.7	6.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	18,685	8,865	9,820	5.8	5.5	6.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	15,860	7,550	8,305	4.9	4.7	5.1
Métis single ancestry	2,765	1,300	1,465	0.9	0.8	0.9
Inuit single ancestry	55	10	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	645	295	350	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	625	275	350	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	16,115	7,850	8,260	5.0	4.9	5.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	15,325	7,490	7,830	4.7	4.7	4.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	8,325	4,055	4,270	2.6	2.5	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,905	3,395	3,510	2.1	2.1	2.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	795	360	435	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	735	340	390	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	288,115	143,885	144,230	89.0	89.4	88.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	323,565	160,890	162,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	292,340	145,055	147,285	90.3	90.2	90.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	68,715	34,995	33,720	21.2	21.8	20.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	223,625	110,065	113,565	69.1	68.4	69.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	31,220	15,835	15,385	9.6	9.8	9.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	323,565	160,890	162,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	265,825	131,850	133,975	82.2	82.0	82.4
Immigrants⁸¹	51,160	25,325	25,840	15.8	15.7	15.9
Before 1980	4,665	2,270	2,390	1.4	1.4	1.5
1980 to 1990	2,075	1,050	1,025	0.6	0.7	0.6
1991 to 2000	3,160	1,450	1,710	1.0	0.9	1.1
2001 to 2010	10,475	5,130	5,340	3.2	3.2	3.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	30,795	15,420	15,370	9.5	9.6	9.4
2011 to 2015	14,415	7,335	7,080	4.5	4.6	4.4
2016 to 2021	16,380	8,090	8,285	5.1	5.0	5.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,570	3,715	2,860	2.0	2.3	1.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	51,160	25,325	25,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	4,950	2,605	2,350	9.7	10.3	9.1
5 to 14 years	9,365	4,950	4,420	18.3	19.5	17.1
15 to 24 years	8,140	3,670	4,470	15.9	14.5	17.3
25 to 44 years	24,540	11,950	12,585	48.0	47.2	48.7
45 years and over	4,170	2,160	2,015	8.2	8.5	7.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	51,160	25,325	25,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	4,095	1,915	2,180	8.0	7.6	8.4
Brazil	110	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	120	70	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
El Salvador	180	85	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Guyana	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	700	335	365	1.4	1.3	1.4
Mexico	470	240	230	0.9	0.9	0.9
Peru	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	100	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
United States of America	1,670	710	960	3.3	2.8	3.7
Other places of birth in Americas	610	320	290	1.2	1.3	1.1
Europe	7,305	3,645	3,665	14.3	14.4	14.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	205	105	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatia	220	125	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
France	135	55	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Germany	660	305	350	1.3	1.2	1.4
Greece	290	175	115	0.6	0.7	0.4
Hungary	135	65	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italy	305	140	165	0.6	0.6	0.6
Netherlands	290	190	100	0.6	0.8	0.4
Poland	255	110	150	0.5	0.4	0.6
Portugal	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	190	90	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian Federation	230	105	130	0.4	0.4	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	105	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	1,075	495	580	2.1	2.0	2.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,130	1,075	1,060	4.2	4.2	4.1
Other places of birth in Europe	1,030	535	490	2.0	2.1	1.9
Africa	6,685	3,500	3,180	13.1	13.8	12.3
Algeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	230	115	110	0.4	0.5	0.4
Egypt	345	175	170	0.7	0.7	0.7
Eritrea	435	235	205	0.9	0.9	0.8
Ethiopia	325	130	195	0.6	0.5	0.8
Morocco	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	2,310	1,210	1,105	4.5	4.8	4.3
Somalia	350	170	180	0.7	0.7	0.7
South Africa, Republic of	510	280	230	1.0	1.1	0.9
Other places of birth in Africa	2,120	1,160	960	4.1	4.6	3.7
Asia	32,870	16,175	16,690	64.2	63.9	64.6
Afghanistan	260	125	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	255	160	100	0.5	0.6	0.4
Iraq	195	95	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanon	85	60	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	640	290	355	1.3	1.1	1.4
Turkey	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	3,035	1,430	1,605	5.9	5.6	6.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	265	140	130	0.5	0.6	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	470	225	250	0.9	0.9	1.0
Taiwan	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	11,940	5,665	6,270	23.3	22.4	24.3
Viet Nam	1,450	650	795	2.8	2.6	3.1
Bangladesh	1,280	695	590	2.5	2.7	2.3
India	7,795	4,045	3,745	15.2	16.0	14.5
Pakistan	2,715	1,375	1,340	5.3	5.4	5.2
Sri Lanka	75	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	2,260	1,100	1,160	4.4	4.3	4.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	210	85	120	0.4	0.3	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	16,380	8,090	8,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	910	445	465	5.6	5.5	5.6
Brazil	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Colombia	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	240	135	110	1.5	1.7	1.3
Mexico	130	70	60	0.8	0.9	0.7
United States of America	320	125	190	2.0	1.5	2.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other places of birth in Americas	130	60	65	0.8	0.7	0.8
Europe	945	545	405	5.8	6.7	4.9
France	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Germany	45	10	30	0.3	0.1	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	80	50	25	0.5	0.6	0.3
Italy	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	225	105	120	1.4	1.3	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	215	145	75	1.3	1.8	0.9
Other places of birth in Europe	315	195	115	1.9	2.4	1.4
Africa	2,910	1,505	1,405	17.8	18.6	17.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cameroon	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Côte d'Ivoire	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egypt	165	80	85	1.0	1.0	1.0
Eritrea	215	105	110	1.3	1.3	1.3
Ethiopia	95	30	60	0.6	0.4	0.7
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	1,430	775	660	8.7	9.6	8.0
Somalia	75	35	40	0.5	0.4	0.5
South Africa, Republic of	195	110	85	1.2	1.4	1.0
Sudan⁹⁷	110	55	55	0.7	0.7	0.7
Tunisia	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	480	240	245	2.9	3.0	3.0
Asia	11,565	5,580	5,990	70.6	69.0	72.3
Afghanistan	105	40	65	0.6	0.5	0.8
Bangladesh	505	255	255	3.1	3.2	3.1
China⁹⁰	1,220	605	615	7.4	7.5	7.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
India	4,105	2,040	2,065	25.1	25.2	24.9
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Israel	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japan	15	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Jordan	60	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	95	30	60	0.6	0.4	0.7
Lebanon	40	30	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	795	400	395	4.9	4.9	4.8
Philippines	3,135	1,455	1,680	19.1	18.0	20.3
Saudi Arabia	135	75	65	0.8	0.9	0.8
Sri Lanka	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	555	260	300	3.4	3.2	3.6
Turkey	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Arab Emirates	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Viet Nam	320	130	190	2.0	1.6	2.3
Other places of birth in Asia	230	115	110	1.4	1.4	1.3
Oceania and other⁹³	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Australia	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	323,560	160,895	162,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	59,305	29,740	29,565	18.3	18.5	18.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	38,520	18,735	19,785	11.9	11.6	12.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	225,735	112,415	113,315	69.8	69.9	69.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	46,500	23,050	23,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	32,570	16,715	15,855	70.0	72.5	67.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	13,315	8,510	4,805	28.6	36.9	20.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	19,255	8,200	11,050	41.4	35.6	47.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	8,410	3,480	4,930	18.1	15.1	21.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,435	2,820	2,620	11.7	12.2	11.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	80	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	46,500	23,050	23,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	640	365	275	1.4	1.6	1.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	6,230	3,405	2,820	13.4	14.8	12.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,445	755	685	3.1	3.3	2.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,795	2,255	1,535	8.2	9.8	6.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	260	110	150	0.6	0.5	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	34,135	16,155	17,980	73.4	70.1	76.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	323,560	160,895	162,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	62,620	31,650	30,975	19.4	19.7	19.0
South Asian	20,225	10,610	9,615	6.3	6.6	5.9
Chinese	6,255	3,170	3,085	1.9	2.0	1.9
Black	10,345	5,345	5,000	3.2	3.3	3.1
Filipino	14,600	6,990	7,615	4.5	4.3	4.7
Arab	2,070	1,075	995	0.6	0.7	0.6
Latin American	1,495	715	780	0.5	0.4	0.5
Southeast Asian	3,700	1,800	1,900	1.1	1.1	1.2
West Asian	935	505	430	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	765	365	395	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	320	155	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	465	205	260	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	1,455	715	740	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	260,940	129,245	131,695	80.6	80.3	81.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	323,560	160,890	162,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	31,670	15,995	15,670	9.8	9.9	9.6
English	66,380	32,335	34,045	20.5	20.1	20.9
Irish	45,105	21,490	23,615	13.9	13.4	14.5
Scottish	53,880	26,385	27,495	16.7	16.4	16.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	29,510	14,340	15,165	9.1	8.9	9.3
German	86,180	42,625	43,550	26.6	26.5	26.8
Chinese	6,870	3,410	3,460	2.1	2.1	2.1
Italian	3,850	1,920	1,925	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indian (India)	9,920	5,260	4,660	3.1	3.3	2.9
Ukrainian	37,090	18,020	19,065	11.5	11.2	11.7
Dutch	7,185	3,565	3,625	2.2	2.2	2.2
Polish	16,160	7,870	8,290	5.0	4.9	5.1
Québécois	215	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	7,075	3,555	3,520	2.2	2.2	2.2
Filipino	13,355	6,395	6,960	4.1	4.0	4.3
French Canadian	1,620	825	795	0.5	0.5	0.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,365	2,305	2,060	1.3	1.4	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	11,200	5,335	5,860	3.5	3.3	3.6
Métis	11,055	5,330	5,725	3.4	3.3	3.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,525	1,885	1,635	1.1	1.2	1.0
Russian	9,075	4,400	4,680	2.8	2.7	2.9
Norwegian	17,300	8,340	8,960	5.3	5.2	5.5
Welsh	5,265	2,515	2,745	1.6	1.6	1.7
Portuguese	500	250	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	3,520	1,820	1,695	1.1	1.1	1.0
Spanish	1,885	810	1,075	0.6	0.5	0.7
Swedish	8,495	4,085	4,415	2.6	2.5	2.7
Hungarian	11,480	5,695	5,785	3.5	3.5	3.6
Acadian	220	115	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	3,005	1,535	1,470	0.9	1.0	0.9
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,825	970	855	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jewish	825	435	390	0.3	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	2,015	1,055	955	0.6	0.7	0.6
Vietnamese	2,140	1,040	1,105	0.7	0.6	0.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,020	540	480	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	1,515	815	700	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jamaican	1,065	500	570	0.3	0.3	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,265	1,115	1,150	0.7	0.7	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	6,995	3,275	3,720	2.2	2.0	2.3
Korean	790	385	405	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	6,335	3,085	3,245	2.0	1.9	2.0
Lebanese	380	200	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	425	245	180	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	700	370	330	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	3,565	1,635	1,930	1.1	1.0	1.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,520	1,205	1,315	0.8	0.7	0.8
Sikh	1,255	685	570	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austrian	8,150	4,060	4,090	2.5	2.5	2.5
Belgian	3,515	1,845	1,675	1.1	1.1	1.0
Haitian	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	1,365	715	650	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mexican	685	345	340	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	1,185	605	580	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	1,295	635	660	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	1,140	555	590	0.4	0.3	0.4
Sri Lankan	105	65	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	740	370	370	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	460	215	245	0.1	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	455	220	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	195	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,730	865	860	0.5	0.5	0.5
Muslim	650	355	300	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	405	215	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	185	80	100	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	125	70	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	1,925	855	1,065	0.6	0.5	0.7
Colombian	165	80	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	45	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	1,520	725	795	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	490	200	295	0.2	0.1	0.2
Guyanese	130	45	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	460	240	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	255	130	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	570	280	285	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	575	240	335	0.2	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	195	90	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	130	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	150	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	170	100	70	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	155	85	65	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkish	240	130	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	225	85	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	1,295	690	605	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algerian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	225	115	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	1,475	790	685	0.5	0.5	0.4
Armenian	90	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	450	255	195	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	560	265	290	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	665	290	375	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwanese	105	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	190	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	165	95	70	0.1	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	370	180	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	235	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	145	80	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	75	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	345	180	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	440	245	195	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australian	360	220	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	335	195	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	145	95	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	55	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	355	165	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115	45	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	1,190	615	580	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cambodian (Khmer)	110	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	210	130	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	170	75	95	0.1	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	220	125	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	495	250	240	0.2	0.2	0.1
Eritrean	655	355	305	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Canadian	145	85	65	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	660	280	380	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	255	115	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	115	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	330	170	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	245	105	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	170	75	95	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuban	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	245	115	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	130	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	470	245	230	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cameroonian	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	110	40	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	345	190	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	425	215	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	135	75	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	105	65	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	70	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	70	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	100	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	215	85	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	290	155	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	610	325	290	0.2	0.2	0.2
Byelorussian	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	155	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	130	85	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	135	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	245	125	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	210	90	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	935	435	500	0.3	0.3	0.3
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	2,085	980	1,095	0.6	0.6	0.7
Buddhist	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	115	40	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	2,315	1,060	1,250	0.7	0.7	0.8
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	150	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burundian	105	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	190	105	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	85	55	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	140	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	55	45	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	135	75	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	195	105	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	120	45	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	215	105	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	100	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	220	115	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	485	250	235	0.1	0.2	0.1
Edo	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	50	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	323,560	160,895	162,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,860	885	975	0.6	0.6	0.6
Christian	177,000	83,785	93,215	54.7	52.1	57.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	25,500	12,435	13,070	7.9	7.7	8.0
Anabaptist	660	265	395	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	7,040	3,315	3,725	2.2	2.1	2.3
Baptist	3,615	1,665	1,945	1.1	1.0	1.2
Catholic	77,395	37,430	39,965	23.9	23.3	24.6
Christian Orthodox	4,465	2,215	2,255	1.4	1.4	1.4
Jehovah's Witness	1,250	560	690	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	770	395	375	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	17,820	8,285	9,540	5.5	5.1	5.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	615	275	340	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	3,980	1,865	2,120	1.2	1.2	1.3
Presbyterian	1,320	590	725	0.4	0.4	0.4
Reformed	200	105	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	24,285	10,630	13,660	7.5	6.6	8.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	8,080	3,755	4,320	2.5	2.3	2.7
Hindu	6,850	3,650	3,200	2.1	2.3	2.0
Jewish	395	230	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	10,655	5,410	5,245	3.3	3.4	3.2
Sikh	4,545	2,360	2,180	1.4	1.5	1.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	2,975	1,345	1,635	0.9	0.8	1.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	2,060	925	1,135	0.6	0.6	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	117,225	62,305	54,915	36.2	38.7	33.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	319,905	158,990	160,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	277,700	138,215	139,480	86.8	86.9	86.7
Movers	42,210	20,770	21,435	13.2	13.1	13.3
Non-migrants	29,430	14,450	14,985	9.2	9.1	9.3
Migrants	12,775	6,325	6,450	4.0	4.0	4.0
Internal migrants	10,145	4,985	5,160	3.2	3.1	3.2
Intraprovincial migrants	7,120	3,400	3,715	2.2	2.1	2.3
Interprovincial migrants	3,025	1,585	1,445	0.9	1.0	0.9
External migrants	2,625	1,335	1,290	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	304,050	151,030	153,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	186,095	92,935	93,155	61.2	61.5	60.9
Movers	117,955	58,095	59,855	38.8	38.5	39.1
Non-migrants	61,765	30,285	31,480	20.3	20.1	20.6
Migrants	56,185	27,810	28,375	18.5	18.4	18.5
Internal migrants	40,375	19,905	20,470	13.3	13.2	13.4
Intraprovincial migrants	30,805	15,205	15,605	10.1	10.1	10.2
Interprovincial migrants	9,570	4,705	4,870	3.1	3.1	3.2
External migrants	15,810	7,905	7,905	5.2	5.2	5.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	260,665	128,855	131,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	43,455	24,560	18,895	16.7	19.1	14.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	217,210	104,300	112,910	83.3	80.9	85.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	171,415	85,365	86,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,755	10,570	6,185	9.8	12.4	7.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	154,665	74,795	79,865	90.2	87.6	92.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	260,665	128,855	131,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	39,165	21,560	17,605	15.0	16.7	13.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	85,245	43,300	41,950	32.7	33.6	31.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	136,250	64,000	72,250	52.3	49.7	54.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	73,715	36,335	37,380	28.3	28.2	28.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	24,035	17,515	6,520	9.2	13.6	4.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,455	5,215	4,245	3.6	4.0	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	14,585	12,300	2,280	5.6	9.5	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	39,140	14,765	24,375	15.0	11.5	18.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,545	4,060	6,480	4.0	3.2	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	62,535	27,665	34,870	24.0	21.5	26.5
Bachelor's degree	44,780	19,315	25,470	17.2	15.0	19.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,185	1,435	1,750	1.2	1.1	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,550	755	790	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	11,450	5,220	6,230	4.4	4.1	4.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,570	940	630	0.6	0.7	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	171,420	85,365	86,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,470	8,895	5,575	8.4	10.4	6.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	51,420	27,225	24,195	30.0	31.9	28.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	105,530	49,250	56,285	61.6	57.7	65.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	54,225	27,170	27,060	31.6	31.8	31.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,030	13,285	4,740	10.5	15.6	5.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,910	3,875	3,035	4.0	4.5	3.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	11,120	9,415	1,710	6.5	11.0	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	29,355	11,145	18,205	17.1	13.1	21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,850	2,735	4,110	4.0	3.2	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	51,300	22,075	29,225	29.9	25.9	34.0
Bachelor's degree	36,385	15,365	21,015	21.2	18.0	24.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,540	1,120	1,420	1.5	1.3	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,305	580	730	0.8	0.7	0.8
Master's degree	9,890	4,335	5,555	5.8	5.1	6.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,175	670	500	0.7	0.8	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	260,665	128,860	131,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	124,415	64,860	59,555	47.7	50.3	45.2
Education	11,525	2,860	8,665	4.4	2.2	6.6
13. Education	11,525	2,860	8,665	4.4	2.2	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,045	1,330	1,720	1.2	1.0	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	455	295	155	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,590	1,030	1,565	1.0	0.8	1.2
Humanities	5,425	2,185	3,235	2.1	1.7	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	415	120	305	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	1,245	375	875	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,410	475	935	0.5	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	115	30	85	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	445	210	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	970	585	385	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	715	385	330	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	105	10	90	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,450	4,120	7,325	4.4	3.2	5.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	240	55	190	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,320	580	740	0.5	0.5	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,875	130	1,745	0.7	0.1	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,715	760	960	0.7	0.6	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	205	85	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	2,315	615	1,700	0.9	0.5	1.3
45. Social sciences	3,770	1,890	1,880	1.4	1.5	1.4
Business, management and public administration	32,555	11,740	20,815	12.5	9.1	15.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,030	795	2,235	1.2	0.6	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	29,485	10,930	18,555	11.3	8.5	14.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,740	1,765	1,970	1.4	1.4	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,480	625	855	0.6	0.5	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	820	335	475	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	1,120	700	415	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	270	80	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	6,240	4,065	2,180	2.4	3.2	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	5,270	3,655	1,615	2.0	2.8	1.2
25. Library science	270	50	215	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	620	315	300	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	29,070	26,560	2,510	11.2	20.6	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	625	395	230	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	6,055	4,885	1,170	2.3	3.8	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	5,810	5,225	585	2.2	4.1	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	7,605	7,380	230	2.9	5.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,690	5,595	95	2.2	4.3	0.1
48. Precision production	3,285	3,090	200	1.3	2.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,850	2,475	1,370	1.5	1.9	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,200	2,040	1,165	1.2	1.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	645	440	205	0.2	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	21,830	3,795	18,030	8.4	2.9	13.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,525	710	815	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	19,815	2,830	16,985	7.6	2.2	12.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	445	245	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,530	3,105	4,420	2.9	2.4	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,725	880	3,845	1.8	0.7	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,590	1,090	500	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,175	1,100	75	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	171,415	85,365	86,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	65,890	36,120	29,770	38.4	42.3	34.6
Education	7,690	1,810	5,875	4.5	2.1	6.8
13. Education	7,690	1,810	5,875	4.5	2.1	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,445	1,065	1,375	1.4	1.2	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	320	215	100	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,125	850	1,275	1.2	1.0	1.5
Humanities	3,995	1,560	2,435	2.3	1.8	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	305	85	220	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	955	285	670	0.6	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,125	385	740	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	75	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	330	130	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	620	390	230	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	520	260	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	0	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,345	3,195	6,145	5.5	3.7	7.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	210	45	165	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,155	525	630	0.7	0.6	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,560	120	1,440	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,370	550	820	0.8	0.6	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	160	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,750	410	1,345	1.0	0.5	1.6
45. Social sciences	3,130	1,485	1,645	1.8	1.7	1.9
Business, management and public administration	26,190	9,305	16,885	15.3	10.9	19.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,425	585	1,840	1.4	0.7	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	23,715	8,700	15,020	13.8	10.2	17.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,975	1,365	1,610	1.7	1.6	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,175	455	720	0.7	0.5	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	635	260	375	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	940	580	355	0.5	0.7	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	190	55	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,230	3,380	1,850	3.1	4.0	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,550	3,130	1,420	2.7	3.7	1.7
25. Library science	200	30	175	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	410	185	225	0.2	0.2	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	22,525	20,355	2,165	13.1	23.8	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	475	270	205	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	5,020	3,980	1,040	2.9	4.7	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,565	4,035	530	2.7	4.7	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	5,735	5,555	180	3.3	6.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,235	4,180	60	2.5	4.9	0.1
48. Precision production	2,490	2,335	155	1.5	2.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,910	1,750	1,160	1.7	2.1	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,370	1,395	975	1.4	1.6	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	540	360	185	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	16,350	2,995	13,355	9.5	3.5	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,115	525	585	0.7	0.6	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	14,830	2,270	12,560	8.7	2.7	14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	370	190	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,880	2,460	3,420	3.4	2.9	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,645	700	2,945	2.1	0.8	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,260	850	410	0.7	1.0	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	965	900	60	0.6	1.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	171,415	85,365	86,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	65,890	36,120	29,770	38.4	42.3	34.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	105,530	49,245	56,280	61.6	57.7	65.4
Location of study inside Canada	84,645	39,120	45,525	49.4	45.8	52.9
Same as province or territory of residence	69,065	31,495	37,570	40.3	36.9	43.7
Different than province or territory of residence	15,580	7,625	7,955	9.1	8.9	9.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	20,885	10,125	10,760	12.2	11.9	12.5
Americas	2,350	1,175	1,175	1.4	1.4	1.4
United States of America	1,830	960	870	1.1	1.1	1.0
Mexico	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	135	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	2,335	1,295	1,040	1.4	1.5	1.2
Belgium	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	140	95	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	50	40	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	550	255	295	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	740	475	270	0.4	0.6	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	295	135	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	1,840	945	895	1.1	1.1	1.0
Nigeria	950	490	460	0.6	0.6	0.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	225	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	510	265	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	14,115	6,555	7,555	8.2	7.7	8.8
Iran⁸⁸	185	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,195	545	650	0.7	0.6	0.8
Taiwan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	225	95	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	5,235	2,285	2,950	3.1	2.7	3.4
Viet Nam	345	165	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladesh	590	275	310	0.3	0.3	0.4
Sri Lanka	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	4,710	2,325	2,385	2.7	2.7	2.8
Pakistan	1,025	490	530	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other locations of study in Asia	300	150	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	245	145	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australia	210	135	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	260,665	128,855	131,805	...	...	...
In the labour force	175,790	92,255	83,540	...	...	...
Employed	160,380	83,835	76,540	...	...	...
Unemployed	15,415	8,420	6,990	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	84,870	36,600	48,270	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.4	71.6	63.4	67.4	71.6	63.4
Employment rate	61.5	65.1	58.1	61.5	65.1	58.1
Unemployment rate	8.8	9.1	8.4	8.8	9.1	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	260,665	128,860	131,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	86,800	38,325	48,475	33.3	29.7	36.8
Worked	173,865	90,530	83,330	66.7	70.3	63.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	99,270	54,935	44,340	38.1	42.6	33.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	74,585	35,595	38,990	28.6	27.6	29.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.7	41.6	42.2	42.7	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	175,795	92,260	83,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	4,320	2,285	2,035	2.5	2.5	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	171,475	89,970	81,505	97.5	97.5	97.6
Employee	146,820	74,665	72,155	83.5	80.9	86.4
Permanent position	121,915	62,835	59,080	69.4	68.1	70.7
Temporary position	24,910	11,830	13,080	14.2	12.8	15.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	7,420	3,090	4,330	4.2	3.3	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	17,490	8,745	8,750	9.9	9.5	10.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	24,650	15,310	9,345	14.0	16.6	11.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	175,795	92,260	83,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	4,320	2,285	2,035	2.5	2.5	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	171,475	89,970	81,505	97.5	97.5	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,970	1,155	815	1.1	1.3	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	29,890	8,890	20,995	17.0	9.6	25.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	11,505	8,770	2,735	6.5	9.5	3.3
3 Health occupations	14,355	2,485	11,870	8.2	2.7	14.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	21,195	7,165	14,025	12.1	7.8	16.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,645	1,460	2,185	2.1	1.6	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	41,645	18,615	23,035	23.7	20.2	27.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	30,815	28,185	2,630	17.5	30.5	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	11,250	8,640	2,605	6.4	9.4	3.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,205	4,610	595	3.0	5.0	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	175,795	92,260	83,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	4,320	2,285	2,035	2.5	2.5	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	171,475	89,970	81,505	97.5	97.5	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	9,110	6,385	2,720	5.2	6.9	3.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,485	3,905	580	2.6	4.2	0.7
22 Utilities	2,950	1,950	995	1.7	2.1	1.2
23 Construction	13,070	11,350	1,715	7.4	12.3	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	7,340	6,120	1,220	4.2	6.6	1.5
41 Wholesale trade	6,355	4,830	1,530	3.6	5.2	1.8
44-45 Retail trade	18,720	9,460	9,255	10.6	10.3	11.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	7,245	5,775	1,465	4.1	6.3	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	3,670	2,030	1,640	2.1	2.2	2.0
52 Finance and insurance	8,755	3,350	5,410	5.0	3.6	6.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,565	1,415	1,145	1.5	1.5	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,170	4,965	4,205	5.2	5.4	5.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	230	95	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	5,755	3,350	2,410	3.3	3.6	2.9
61 Educational services	11,950	3,650	8,305	6.8	4.0	9.9
62 Health care and social assistance	23,750	4,375	19,385	13.5	4.7	23.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,105	1,575	1,535	1.8	1.7	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	9,770	4,345	5,420	5.6	4.7	6.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	8,120	3,840	4,285	4.6	4.2	5.1
91 Public administration	15,360	7,205	8,155	8.7	7.8	9.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	186,255	96,930	89,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	180,830	94,350	86,480	97.1	97.3	96.8
French	455	145	305	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	665	320	345	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	660	320	340	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	1,350	490	855	0.7	0.5	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	2,840	1,545	1,290	1.5	1.6	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	186,255	96,930	89,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	185,520	96,560	88,960	99.6	99.6	99.6
Official languages	184,440	95,980	88,460	99.0	99.0	99.0
English	183,625	95,740	87,885	98.6	98.8	98.4
French	815	240	575	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official languages	1,075	575	500	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,060	570	495	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	260	135	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	180	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	50	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	555	310	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	525	295	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	380	215	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	740	365	370	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	580	310	270	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	186,255	96,930	89,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	182,570	95,115	87,460	98.0	98.1	97.9
English	690	305	385	0.4	0.3	0.4
French	860	350	510	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-official language	1,660	915	745	0.9	0.9	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,580	885	695	0.8	0.9	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	370	195	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	160,380	83,835	76,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	32,895	15,650	17,245	20.5	18.7	22.5
Worked outside Canada	245	200	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	20,155	15,770	4,385	12.6	18.8	5.7
Usual place of work	107,080	52,225	54,860	66.8	62.3	71.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	107,080	52,220	54,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	81,505	38,250	43,255	76.1	73.2	78.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	21,235	11,535	9,705	19.8	22.1	17.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,555	1,945	1,610	3.3	3.7	2.9
Commute to a different province or territory	785	495	295	0.7	0.9	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	127,240	67,990	59,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	115,440	62,995	52,445	90.7	92.7	88.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	107,805	60,485	47,325	84.7	89.0	79.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	7,635	2,510	5,120	6.0	3.7	8.6
Public transit	3,295	1,270	2,025	2.6	1.9	3.4
Walked	5,370	2,220	3,150	4.2	3.3	5.3
Bicycle	665	445	225	0.5	0.7	0.4
Other method	2,465	1,050	1,410	1.9	1.5	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	127,240	67,990	59,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	54,585	27,200	27,390	42.9	40.0	46.2
15 to 29 minutes	51,855	28,275	23,575	40.8	41.6	39.8
30 to 44 minutes	11,685	6,735	4,950	9.2	9.9	8.4
45 to 59 minutes	4,565	2,690	1,870	3.6	4.0	3.2
60 minutes and over	4,545	3,080	1,465	3.6	4.5	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	127,240	67,990	59,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	6,950	5,150	1,800	5.5	7.6	3.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	23,015	14,535	8,475	18.1	21.4	14.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	40,790	21,490	19,305	32.1	31.6	32.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	25,015	11,245	13,765	19.7	16.5	23.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	13,640	5,840	7,800	10.7	8.6	13.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	17,835	9,725	8,110	14.0	14.3	13.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	75,805	38,715	37,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,930	2,495	2,435	6.5	6.4	6.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	70,875	36,220	34,660	93.5	93.6	93.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	54,710	28,060	26,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,740	1,910	1,830	6.8	6.8	6.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,475	1,225	1,250	4.5	4.4	4.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,265	685	580	2.3	2.4	2.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	50,965	26,150	24,815	93.2	93.2	93.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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