Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Comox Valley C (Puntledge - Black Creek), Regional district electoral area (RDA)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	9,158	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	8,577^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	4,427	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	3,735	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	8.5	...	...	8.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,071.86	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	9,160	4,655	4,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	1,290	670	615	14.1	14.4	13.7
0 to 4 years	320	165	155	3.5	3.5	3.4
5 to 9 years	455	235	225	5.0	5.0	5.0
10 to 14 years	510	270	240	5.6	5.8	5.3
15 to 64 years	5,620	2,775	2,850	61.4	59.6	63.3
15 to 19 years	415	225	190	4.5	4.8	4.2
20 to 24 years	310	170	140	3.4	3.7	3.1
25 to 29 years	390	180	210	4.3	3.9	4.7
30 to 34 years	490	230	260	5.3	4.9	5.8
35 to 39 years	510	270	235	5.6	5.8	5.2
40 to 44 years	515	225	295	5.6	4.8	6.5
45 to 49 years	565	280	285	6.2	6.0	6.3
50 to 54 years	625	315	315	6.8	6.8	7.0
55 to 59 years	850	400	450	9.3	8.6	10.0
60 to 64 years	950	480	475	10.4	10.3	10.5
65 years and over	2,250	1,210	1,040	24.6	26.0	23.1
65 to 69 years	895	455	440	9.8	9.8	9.8
70 to 74 years	635	350	280	6.9	7.5	6.2
75 to 79 years	380	200	180	4.1	4.3	4.0
80 to 84 years	190	115	85	2.1	2.5	1.9
85 years and over	150	90	65	1.6	1.9	1.4
85 to 89 years	105	65	45	1.1	1.4	1.0
90 to 94 years	35	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
95 to 99 years	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	14.4	13.7	14.1	14.4	13.7
15 to 64 years	61.4	59.6	63.3	61.4	59.6	63.3
65 years and over	24.6	26.0	23.1	24.6	26.0	23.1
85 years and over	1.6	1.9	1.4	1.6	1.9	1.4
Average age of the population	46.4	46.6	46.3	46.4	46.6	46.3
Median age of the population	50.8	51.2	50.4	50.8	51.2	50.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	3,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	3,240	...	...	86.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	60	...	...	1.6	...	...
Row house	15	...	...	0.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	45	...	...	1.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	105	...	...	2.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	20	...	...	0.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	250	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	3,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	805	...	...	21.6	...	...
2 persons	1,650	...	...	44.2	...	...
3 persons	565	...	...	15.1	...	...
4 persons	460	...	...	12.3	...	...
5 or more persons	260	...	...	7.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	9,090	4,615	4,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	7,870	3,985	3,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	5,240	2,610	2,630	66.6	65.5	67.6
Married	4,155	2,070	2,080	52.8	51.9	53.5
Living common-law	1,080	540	545	13.7	13.6	14.0
Living common law - Never married	720	360	365	9.1	9.0	9.4
Living common law - Separated	45	25	20	0.6	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	285	140	145	3.6	3.5	3.7
Living common law - Widowed	35	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	2,635	1,375	1,265	33.5	34.5	32.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,610	925	685	20.5	23.2	17.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	185	85	95	2.4	2.1	2.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	525	265	260	6.7	6.6	6.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	315	95	215	4.0	2.4	5.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	2,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	1,805	...	...	62.2	...	...
3 persons	525	...	...	18.1	...	...
4 persons	395	...	...	13.6	...	...
5 or more persons	170	...	...	5.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	2,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	2,585	...	...	89.1	...	...
Married couples	2,045	...	...	70.5	...	...
With children⁶	790	...	...	27.2	...	...
Without children	1,255	...	...	43.3	...	...
Common-law couples	540	...	...	18.6	...	...
With children⁶	185	...	...	6.4	...	...
Without children	360	...	...	12.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	310	...	...	10.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	205	...	...	7.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	110	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	9,085	4,615	4,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	7,690	3,890	3,800	84.6	84.3	84.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	5,180	2,580	2,600	57.0	55.9	58.1
Parents in one-parent families	310	110	205	3.4	2.4	4.6
Children⁶	2,205	1,200	1,000	24.3	26.0	22.3
In a two-parent family	1,735	940	800	19.1	20.4	17.9
In a one-parent family	465	265	205	5.1	5.7	4.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,395	720	675	15.4	15.6	15.1
Living alone	810	420	385	8.9	9.1	8.6
Living with other relatives⁷	160	70	90	1.8	1.5	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	435	230	205	4.8	5.0	4.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	3,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,460	...	...	65.9	...	...
Couple-family households	2,265	...	...	60.6	...	...
With children⁶	860	...	...	23.0	...	...
Without children	1,400	...	...	37.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	200	...	...	5.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	110	...	...	2.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	40	...	...	1.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	175	...	...	4.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	145	...	...	3.9	...	...
One-person households	810	...	...	21.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	7,805	3,940	3,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,585	3,830	3,755	97.2	97.2	97.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	45,200	33,600	39,200	45,200	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,600	3,840	3,760	97.4	97.5	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,800	31,000	36,000	40,800	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,880	3,540	3,340	88.1	89.8	86.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	37,600	24,600	30,200	37,600	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,115	2,650	2,470	65.5	67.3	63.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	40,000	25,000	30,800	40,000	25,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,440	3,140	3,295	82.5	79.7	85.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,700	12,400	11,200	11,700	12,400	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	720	380	335	9.2	9.6	8.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,360	5,480	5,160	5,360	5,480	5,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,820	875	940	23.3	22.2	24.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	7,805	3,940	3,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,610	3,835	3,780	97.5	97.3	97.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,700	60,650	42,640	51,700	60,650	42,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,640	3,855	3,785	97.9	97.8	98.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,720	50,200	37,080	43,720	50,200	37,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,885	3,550	3,335	88.2	90.1	86.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	54,650	36,840	46,000	54,650	36,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,115	2,685	2,430	65.5	68.1	63.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,320	54,200	35,560	45,320	54,200	35,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,420	3,155	3,260	82.3	80.1	84.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,950	12,180	11,730	11,950	12,180	11,730
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	710	355	360	9.1	9.0	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,760	6,080	7,440	6,760	6,080	7,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,765	865	900	22.6	22.0	23.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,920	8,660	9,160	8,920	8,660	9,160
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	7,805	3,940	3,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,970	1,150	825	25.2	29.2	21.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	65,000	50,000	56,000	65,000	50,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,800	79,600	58,800	70,800	79,600	58,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,335	1,160	1,170	29.9	29.4	30.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	24,400	15,100	19,200	24,400	15,100
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,040	39,300	26,850	33,040	39,300	26,850
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.6	83.4	76.2	80.6	83.4	76.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.9	62.5	53.7	58.9	62.5	53.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.5	16.6	23.7	19.5	16.6	23.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.6	1.2	0.9	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	4.1	6.6	5.1	4.1	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.2	5.1	4.0	3.2	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	7,805	3,940	3,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	215	105	105	2.8	2.7	2.7
With total income	7,590	3,835	3,755	97.2	97.3	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	695	270	425	9.2	7.0	11.3
$10,000 to $19,999	980	375	605	12.9	9.8	16.1
$20,000 to $29,999	1,200	540	660	15.8	14.1	17.6
$30,000 to $39,999	1,005	500	505	13.2	13.0	13.4
$40,000 to $49,999	885	425	460	11.7	11.1	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	685	340	345	9.0	8.9	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	520	300	220	6.9	7.8	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	410	250	160	5.4	6.5	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	260	165	90	3.4	4.3	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	220	145	75	2.9	3.8	2.0
$100,000 and over	730	515	220	9.6	13.4	5.9
$100,000 to $149,999	525	365	160	6.9	9.5	4.3
$150,000 and over	205	150	55	2.7	3.9	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	7,805	3,940	3,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	200	95	100	2.6	2.4	2.6
With after-tax income	7,605	3,845	3,755	97.4	97.6	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	750	295	455	9.9	7.7	12.1
$10,000 to $19,999	1,000	385	620	13.1	10.0	16.5
$20,000 to $29,999	1,335	605	735	17.6	15.7	19.6
$30,000 to $39,999	1,165	600	570	15.3	15.6	15.2
$40,000 to $49,999	985	460	525	13.0	12.0	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	705	395	305	9.3	10.3	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	495	310	185	6.5	8.1	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	340	230	110	4.5	6.0	2.9
$80,000 to $89,999	250	145	100	3.3	3.8	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	185	135	50	2.4	3.5	1.3
$100,000 and over	385	280	105	5.1	7.3	2.8
$100,000 to $124,999	220	160	60	2.9	4.2	1.6
$125,000 and over	170	125	50	2.2	3.3	1.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	7,805	3,940	3,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	2,685	1,290	1,395	34.4	32.7	36.1
With employment income	5,115	2,650	2,465	65.5	67.3	63.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	920	440	485	18.0	16.6	19.7
$5,000 to $9,999	455	185	270	8.9	7.0	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	615	275	340	12.0	10.4	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	510	250	260	10.0	9.4	10.5
$30,000 to $39,999	430	180	255	8.4	6.8	10.3
$40,000 to $49,999	420	185	230	8.2	7.0	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	405	220	190	7.9	8.3	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	275	170	105	5.4	6.4	4.3
$70,000 to $79,999	245	165	80	4.8	6.2	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	200	135	65	3.9	5.1	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	165	115	50	3.2	4.3	2.0
$100,000 and over	475	330	140	9.3	12.5	5.7
$100,000 to $124,999	240	155	80	4.7	5.8	3.2
$125,000 and over	235	175	55	4.6	6.6	2.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	7,805	3,940	3,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,430	3,740	3,690	95.2	94.9	95.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	45,200	31,000	37,200	45,200	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,455	3,745	3,710	95.5	95.1	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,400	28,200	34,000	40,400	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,830	3,475	3,355	87.5	88.2	86.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	40,400	26,400	32,400	40,400	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	5,410	2,780	2,630	69.3	70.6	68.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,800	38,800	25,600	30,800	38,800	25,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	5,315	2,485	2,830	68.1	63.1	73.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	10,300	8,100	9,000	10,300	8,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	640	345	305	8.2	8.8	7.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	6,280	4,560	5,280	6,280	4,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	7,805	3,940	3,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,460	3,755	3,705	95.6	95.3	96.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,440	59,450	41,320	50,440	59,450	41,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,490	3,765	3,720	96.0	95.6	96.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,120	48,960	35,200	42,120	48,960	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,895	3,495	3,395	88.3	88.7	88.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,160	56,400	37,600	47,160	56,400	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,420	2,795	2,625	69.4	70.9	68.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,720	53,000	35,840	44,720	53,000	35,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,195	2,465	2,730	66.6	62.6	70.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,880	10,510	9,310	9,880	10,510	9,310
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	625	280	350	8.0	7.1	9.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,520	7,100	6,100	6,520	7,100	6,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	7,805	3,940	3,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,925	1,115	810	24.7	28.3	21.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	62,400	46,800	55,600	62,400	46,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,800	74,600	56,200	66,800	74,600	56,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,245	1,105	1,145	28.8	28.0	29.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600	33,600	21,200	26,600	33,600	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,720	47,900	31,800	39,720	47,900	31,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.4	88.4	83.4	86.4	88.4	83.4
Employment income (%)	64.4	66.4	61.5	64.4	66.4	61.5
Government transfers (%)	13.6	11.6	16.6	13.6	11.6	16.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	3,735	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	2,930	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	3,735	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	105,400	...	...	105,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,400	...	...	89,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	795	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,300	...	...	49,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,100	...	...	42,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	2,940	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,500	...	...	120,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,200	...	...	102,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	3,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	30	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	40	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	60	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	115	...	...	3.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	105	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	130	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	130	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	125	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	135	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	310	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	275	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	235	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	260	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	215	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,535	...	...	41.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	495	...	...	13.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	385	...	...	10.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	375	...	...	10.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	285	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	3,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	40	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	40	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	65	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	115	...	...	3.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	120	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	135	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	160	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	145	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	165	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	350	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	305	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	290	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	275	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	265	...	...	7.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,235	...	...	33.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	510	...	...	13.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	305	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	420	...	...	11.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	2,825	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,475	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	995	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	270	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,240	655	585	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	35,600	34,800	35,200	35,600	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,000	32,400	32,800	34,000	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	2,815	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,300	...	...	119,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,900	...	...	100,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,600	...	...	105,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	89,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	995	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,200	...	...	149,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,200	...	...	125,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	270	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,245	615	630	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,300	50,600	42,200	46,300	50,600	42,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	43,000	37,000	40,000	43,000	37,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	9,090	4,610	4,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	1,560	820	740	17.2	17.8	16.5
0 to 5 years	395	205	190	4.3	4.4	4.2
18 to 64 years	5,295	2,595	2,700	58.3	56.3	60.3
65 years and over	2,230	1,200	1,035	24.5	26.0	23.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	925	465	460	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	170	90	85	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	45	20	25	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	510	255	255	...	...	...
65 years and over	235	125	115	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.1	10.1	10.2	10.1	10.1	10.2
0 to 17 years (%)	11.1	10.6	11.6	11.1	10.6	11.6
0 to 5 years (%)	11.6	11.0	13.0	11.6	11.0	13.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.7	9.5	9.6	9.7	9.5
65 years and over (%)	10.7	10.4	11.0	10.7	10.4	11.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	9,085	4,615	4,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	1,560	820	745	17.2	17.8	16.6
0 to 5 years	395	205	190	4.3	4.4	4.2
18 to 64 years	5,300	2,595	2,700	58.3	56.2	60.3
65 years and over	2,235	1,200	1,035	24.6	26.0	23.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	290	140	145	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	55	25	30	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	15	5	5	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	205	100	105	...	...	...
65 years and over	25	15	15	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.2	3.0	3.4	3.2	3.0	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	3.5	3.0	4.0	3.5	3.0	4.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2	3.0	2.5	3.2	3.0	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.9
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	9,090	4,615	4,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	4,540	2,290	2,255	49.9	49.6	50.3
In bottom decile	880	430	450	9.7	9.3	10.0
In second decile	850	450	405	9.4	9.8	9.0
In third decile	880	430	445	9.7	9.3	9.9
In fourth decile	965	495	465	10.6	10.7	10.4
In fifth decile	975	480	490	10.7	10.4	10.9
In top half of the distribution	4,545	2,320	2,225	50.0	50.3	49.7
In sixth decile	985	510	475	10.8	11.1	10.6
In seventh decile	955	470	485	10.5	10.2	10.8
In eighth decile	980	505	475	10.8	10.9	10.6
In ninth decile	840	445	395	9.2	9.6	8.8
In top decile	785	395	395	8.6	8.6	8.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	9,085	...	...	9,085	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.310	...	...	0.310	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.421	...	...	0.421	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.278	...	...	0.278	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	9,160	4,655	4,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	8,540	4,375	4,160	93.2	94.0	92.3
French only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	610	275	340	6.7	5.9	7.5
Neither English nor French	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	9,160	4,655	4,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	9,030	4,600	4,435	98.6	98.8	98.4
French	115	55	65	1.3	1.2	1.4
English and French	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Neither English nor French	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	9,160	4,655	4,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	9,070	4,615	4,460	99.0	99.1	99.0
Official languages	8,615	4,395	4,220	94.1	94.4	93.7
English	8,490	4,335	4,150	92.7	93.1	92.1
French	125	65	65	1.4	1.4	1.4
Non-official languages	460	220	240	5.0	4.7	5.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	460	215	240	5.0	4.6	5.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	370	175	190	4.0	3.8	4.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	285	140	145	3.1	3.0	3.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	195	85	100	2.1	1.8	2.2
German	180	85	95	2.0	1.8	2.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	40	35	0.8	0.9	0.8
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	50	25	20	0.5	0.5	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	10	10	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	25	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	90	40	45	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and French	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	9,160	4,655	4,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	8,725	4,450	4,275	95.3	95.6	94.9
French	15	5	5	0.2	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	100	45	55	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	255	125	140	2.8	2.7	3.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	9,160	4,655	4,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	9,130	4,640	4,485	99.7	99.7	99.6
Official languages	9,045	4,600	4,445	98.7	98.8	98.7
English	9,015	4,585	4,425	98.4	98.5	98.2
French	35	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.4
Non-official languages	80	40	40	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	80	40	40	0.9	0.9	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	50	25	30	0.5	0.5	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	20	20	0.5	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	15	15	0.4	0.3	0.3
German	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	5	0.2	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.2	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	15	10	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	30	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	9,160	4,655	4,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	8,805	4,490	4,315	96.1	96.5	95.8
English	50	25	30	0.5	0.5	0.7
French	80	35	45	0.9	0.8	1.0
Non-official language	195	100	95	2.1	2.1	2.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	195	95	95	2.1	2.0	2.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	9,090	4,615	4,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	9,070	4,600	4,470	99.8	99.7	99.9
English	9,070	4,600	4,470	99.8	99.7	99.9
French	610	280	330	6.7	6.1	7.4
Non-official languages	755	400	360	8.3	8.7	8.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	755	395	360	8.3	8.6	8.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	630	345	285	6.9	7.5	6.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	35	15	0.6	0.8	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	45	30	15	0.5	0.7	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	375	200	175	4.1	4.3	3.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	285	140	150	3.1	3.0	3.4
German	285	140	145	3.1	3.0	3.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	55	25	0.9	1.2	0.6
Afrikaans	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Dutch	65	40	25	0.7	0.9	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Danish	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	215	125	100	2.4	2.7	2.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	170	100	80	1.9	2.2	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Hungarian	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	9,090	4,610	4,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	630	365	260	6.9	7.9	5.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	590	345	245	6.5	7.5	5.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	335	190	145	3.7	4.1	3.2
Métis	255	155	100	2.8	3.4	2.2
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	8,460	4,245	4,215	93.1	92.1	94.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	9,090	4,610	4,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	180	100	75	2.0	2.2	1.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	8,910	4,515	4,395	98.0	97.9	98.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	3,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	3,230	...	...	86.5	...	...
Renter	500	...	...	13.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	3,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	70	...	...	1.9	...	...
Not condominium	3,670	...	...	98.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	3,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	15	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	245	...	...	6.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	895	...	...	24.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,615	...	...	43.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	965	...	...	25.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	3,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	710	...	...	19.0	...	...
5 rooms	650	...	...	17.4	...	...
6 rooms	590	...	...	15.8	...	...
7 rooms	560	...	...	15.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,215	...	...	32.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	3,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	3,690	...	...	98.8	...	...
More than one person per room	45	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	3,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	3,580	...	...	95.9	...	...
Not suitable	155	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	3,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	400	...	...	10.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,190	...	...	31.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	760	...	...	20.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	700	...	...	18.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	125	...	...	3.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	150	...	...	4.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	205	...	...	5.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	195	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	3,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	3,470	...	...	92.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	260	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	3,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	1,605	...	...	43.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	1,920	...	...	51.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	210	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	3,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	50	...	...	1.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	230	...	...	6.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	520	...	...	13.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	650	...	...	17.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	955	...	...	25.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	885	...	...	23.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	315	...	...	8.4	...	...
85 years and over	125	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	3,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	2,920	...	...	82.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	620	...	...	17.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	545	...	...	15.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	3,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	945	...	...	25.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	550	...	...	14.7	...	...
Not suitable only	140	...	...	3.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	175	...	...	4.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	2,785	...	...	74.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	3,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	230	...	...	6.6	...	...
Not in core need	3,240	...	...	93.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,055	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.7	...	...	54.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.1	...	...	15.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,322	...	...	1,322	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...	750,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	789,000	...	...	789,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	500	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.3	...	...	32.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.8	...	...	19.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,092	...	...	1,092	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	9,090	4,610	4,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	125	60	65	1.4	1.3	1.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	125	60	65	1.4	1.3	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	80	40	40	0.9	0.9	0.9
Métis single ancestry	45	25	25	0.5	0.5	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	610	305	305	6.7	6.6	6.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	605	300	300	6.7	6.5	6.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	440	225	220	4.8	4.9	4.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	155	75	80	1.7	1.6	1.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	8,350	4,245	4,105	91.9	92.1	91.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	9,090	4,610	4,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	8,875	4,515	4,365	97.6	97.9	97.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,535	805	730	16.9	17.5	16.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	7,340	3,705	3,635	80.7	80.4	81.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	210	100	110	2.3	2.2	2.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	9,090	4,610	4,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	8,080	4,120	3,960	88.9	89.4	88.5
Immigrants⁸¹	1,000	490	510	11.0	10.6	11.4
Before 1980	480	245	240	5.3	5.3	5.4
1980 to 1990	135	65	75	1.5	1.4	1.7
1991 to 2000	110	50	60	1.2	1.1	1.3
2001 to 2010	150	75	85	1.7	1.6	1.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	115	60	55	1.3	1.3	1.2
2011 to 2015	35	25	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
2016 to 2021	75	35	40	0.8	0.8	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	995	485	515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	180	90	90	18.1	18.6	17.5
5 to 14 years	210	105	105	21.1	21.6	20.4
15 to 24 years	190	80	105	19.1	16.5	20.4
25 to 44 years	335	175	160	33.7	36.1	31.1
45 years and over	90	40	45	9.0	8.2	8.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	995	485	515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	220	95	130	22.1	19.6	25.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	185	85	95	18.6	17.5	18.4
Other places of birth in Americas	20	0	20	2.0	0.0	3.9
Europe	575	295	285	57.8	60.8	55.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	115	50	60	11.6	10.3	11.7
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	55	35	25	5.5	7.2	4.9
Poland	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	1.0	2.1	0.0
Russian Federation	20	10	10	2.0	2.1	1.9
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	265	125	140	26.6	25.8	27.2
Other places of birth in Europe	65	40	25	6.5	8.2	4.9
Africa	25	15	15	2.5	3.1	2.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	15	0	1.5	3.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	110	60	55	11.1	12.4	10.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	10	10	2.5	2.1	1.9
Viet Nam	20	10	15	2.0	2.1	2.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	0	15	2.5	0.0	2.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60	30	30	6.0	6.2	5.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	75	35	40	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	20	10	15	26.7	28.6	37.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	10	0	20.0	28.6	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	35	15	15	46.7	42.9	37.5
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	15	40.0	42.9	37.5
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	20	0	10	26.7	0.0	25.0
Australia	10	0	0	13.3	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	9,090	4,615	4,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,100	540	560	12.1	11.7	12.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,720	845	870	18.9	18.3	19.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	6,270	3,225	3,040	69.0	69.9	67.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	515	245	275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	245	125	120	47.6	51.0	43.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	95	65	30	18.4	26.5	10.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	150	60	90	29.1	24.5	32.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	240	100	140	46.6	40.8	50.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	30	20	10	5.8	8.2	3.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	515	245	275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	115	50	70	22.3	20.4	25.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	20	0	20	3.9	0.0	7.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	15	2.9	0.0	5.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	345	185	150	67.0	75.5	54.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	9,090	4,615	4,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	245	115	130	2.7	2.5	2.9
South Asian	35	25	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Chinese	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.6
Black	60	25	35	0.7	0.5	0.8
Filipino	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Arab	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin American	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Southeast Asian	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	8,850	4,495	4,345	97.4	97.4	97.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	9,090	4,615	4,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	1,610	840	765	17.7	18.2	17.1
English	2,915	1,515	1,400	32.1	32.8	31.3
Irish	1,630	825	805	17.9	17.9	18.0
Scottish	2,150	1,090	1,060	23.7	23.6	23.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	880	410	470	9.7	8.9	10.5
German	1,485	725	760	16.3	15.7	17.0
Chinese	25	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italian	285	125	155	3.1	2.7	3.5
Indian (India)	35	25	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Ukrainian	405	175	225	4.5	3.8	5.0
Dutch	615	320	290	6.8	6.9	6.5
Polish	260	125	135	2.9	2.7	3.0
Québécois	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	615	300	315	6.8	6.5	7.0
Filipino	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
French Canadian	100	45	55	1.1	1.0	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	250	115	135	2.8	2.5	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	320	155	160	3.5	3.4	3.6
Métis	205	100	105	2.3	2.2	2.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	275	135	135	3.0	2.9	3.0
Russian	225	90	135	2.5	2.0	3.0
Norwegian	385	160	220	4.2	3.5	4.9
Welsh	265	110	150	2.9	2.4	3.4
Portuguese	15	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
American	115	55	55	1.3	1.2	1.2
Spanish	75	40	35	0.8	0.9	0.8
Swedish	280	110	175	3.1	2.4	3.9
Hungarian	100	45	50	1.1	1.0	1.1
Acadian	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	35	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	70	35	30	0.8	0.8	0.7
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Jamaican	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55	30	25	0.6	0.7	0.6
Korean	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	50	30	20	0.6	0.7	0.4
Lebanese	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	265	115	150	2.9	2.5	3.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	90	30	60	1.0	0.7	1.3
Belgian	40	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mennonite	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	140	75	65	1.5	1.6	1.5
Finnish	120	70	45	1.3	1.5	1.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Japanese	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	30	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	50	20	25	0.6	0.4	0.6
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	45	30	20	0.5	0.7	0.4
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	45	25	0.8	1.0	0.6
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Ojibway	35	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Newfoundlander	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	15	15	0.4	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
South African	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	45	10	30	0.5	0.2	0.7
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	25	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	25	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	25	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
British Columbian	45	30	25	0.5	0.7	0.6
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	9,090	4,610	4,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	35	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.6
Christian	2,810	1,335	1,475	30.9	29.0	33.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	855	405	455	9.4	8.8	10.2
Anabaptist	90	45	45	1.0	1.0	1.0
Anglican	345	160	185	3.8	3.5	4.1
Baptist	150	85	65	1.7	1.8	1.5
Catholic	705	355	350	7.8	7.7	7.8
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	65	25	40	0.7	0.5	0.9
Latter Day Saints	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Lutheran	65	35	35	0.7	0.8	0.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	60	20	40	0.7	0.4	0.9
Presbyterian	25	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.3
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	285	110	180	3.1	2.4	4.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	150	90	65	1.7	2.0	1.5
Hindu	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jewish	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	120	35	85	1.3	0.8	1.9
No religion and secular perspectives	6,100	3,225	2,875	67.1	70.0	64.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	9,040	4,585	4,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	8,180	4,195	3,990	90.5	91.5	89.7
Movers	860	395	465	9.5	8.6	10.4
Non-migrants	345	170	175	3.8	3.7	3.9
Migrants	510	225	290	5.6	4.9	6.5
Internal migrants	495	215	275	5.5	4.7	6.2
Intraprovincial migrants	405	180	225	4.5	3.9	5.1
Interprovincial migrants	90	35	55	1.0	0.8	1.2
External migrants	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	8,720	4,415	4,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	5,725	2,960	2,770	65.7	67.0	64.3
Movers	3,000	1,460	1,535	34.4	33.1	35.7
Non-migrants	470	235	235	5.4	5.3	5.5
Migrants	2,520	1,220	1,300	28.9	27.6	30.2
Internal migrants	2,480	1,205	1,275	28.4	27.3	29.6
Intraprovincial migrants	2,140	1,045	1,090	24.5	23.7	25.3
Interprovincial migrants	340	155	180	3.9	3.5	4.2
External migrants	50	25	25	0.6	0.6	0.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,805	3,940	3,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,190	705	485	15.2	17.9	12.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	6,615	3,235	3,380	84.8	82.1	87.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,815	2,285	2,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	500	315	185	10.4	13.8	7.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	4,315	1,975	2,345	89.6	86.4	92.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,805	3,940	3,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	960	550	410	12.3	14.0	10.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,505	1,300	1,205	32.1	33.0	31.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,340	2,090	2,250	55.6	53.0	58.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,820	1,475	1,345	36.1	37.4	34.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	980	760	220	12.6	19.3	5.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	375	210	160	4.8	5.3	4.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	605	550	55	7.8	14.0	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,615	635	975	20.7	16.1	25.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	230	80	150	2.9	2.0	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,515	615	900	19.4	15.6	23.3
Bachelor's degree	1,010	400	605	12.9	10.2	15.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	120	50	70	1.5	1.3	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	310	120	200	4.0	3.0	5.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	35	15	0.6	0.9	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,815	2,290	2,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	340	205	140	7.1	9.0	5.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,480	750	730	30.7	32.8	28.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,995	1,330	1,660	62.2	58.1	65.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,960	970	990	40.7	42.4	39.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	665	505	160	13.8	22.1	6.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	260	140	120	5.4	6.1	4.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	410	365	45	8.5	15.9	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,125	400	715	23.4	17.5	28.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	175	60	110	3.6	2.6	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,035	360	675	21.5	15.7	26.7
Bachelor's degree	670	235	430	13.9	10.3	17.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	95	40	55	2.0	1.7	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	15	15	0.6	0.7	0.6
Master's degree	215	55	160	4.5	2.4	6.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30	15	10	0.6	0.7	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	7,800	3,940	3,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,465	1,850	1,615	44.4	47.0	41.8
Education	350	105	250	4.5	2.7	6.5
13. Education	350	105	250	4.5	2.7	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	210	65	145	2.7	1.6	3.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	200	60	145	2.6	1.5	3.8
Humanities	190	75	115	2.4	1.9	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	45	0	35	0.6	0.0	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.5
54. History	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	390	155	230	5.0	3.9	6.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	25	20	0.5	0.6	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	65	10	60	0.8	0.3	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	35	15	25	0.4	0.4	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	70	20	50	0.9	0.5	1.3
45. Social sciences	160	95	65	2.1	2.4	1.7
Business, management and public administration	615	175	440	7.9	4.4	11.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	55	0	50	0.7	0.0	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	560	170	390	7.2	4.3	10.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	155	85	70	2.0	2.2	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	65	30	30	0.8	0.8	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	20	10	0.3	0.5	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	65	35	25	0.8	0.9	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	55	30	25	0.7	0.8	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	40	25	15	0.5	0.6	0.4
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	960	910	45	12.3	23.1	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
14. Engineering	60	55	0	0.8	1.4	0.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	155	130	20	2.0	3.3	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	300	295	10	3.8	7.5	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	285	280	10	3.7	7.1	0.3
48. Precision production	150	150	0	1.9	3.8	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	250	145	105	3.2	3.7	2.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	125	40	85	1.6	1.0	2.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	105	20	1.6	2.7	0.5
Health and related fields	815	115	705	10.4	2.9	18.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	50	20	30	0.6	0.5	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	750	90	665	9.6	2.3	17.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	345	225	115	4.4	5.7	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	165	75	90	2.1	1.9	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	20	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	140	125	20	1.8	3.2	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	4,815	2,285	2,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,825	955	865	37.9	41.8	34.2
Education	200	50	150	4.2	2.2	5.9
13. Education	200	50	150	4.2	2.2	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	135	35	105	2.8	1.5	4.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	135	25	105	2.8	1.1	4.2
Humanities	125	50	75	2.6	2.2	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	15	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	10	20	0.5	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	15	0.7	0.9	0.6
54. History	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	300	115	190	6.2	5.0	7.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	20	15	0.7	0.9	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	60	10	55	1.2	0.4	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	20	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	50	0	45	1.0	0.0	1.8
45. Social sciences	115	65	50	2.4	2.8	2.0
Business, management and public administration	425	105	320	8.8	4.6	12.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	40	0	40	0.8	0.0	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	375	100	275	7.8	4.4	10.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	115	60	60	2.4	2.6	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	45	15	30	0.9	0.7	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	20	15	0.5	0.9	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	40	20	20	0.8	0.9	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	40	15	25	0.8	0.7	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	30	15	15	0.6	0.7	0.6
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	610	565	45	12.7	24.7	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
14. Engineering	30	20	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	95	75	20	2.0	3.3	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	190	180	0	3.9	7.9	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	210	200	10	4.4	8.8	0.4
48. Precision production	90	85	0	1.9	3.7	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	185	90	90	3.8	3.9	3.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	95	25	65	2.0	1.1	2.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	90	65	25	1.9	2.8	1.0
Health and related fields	595	80	520	12.4	3.5	20.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	40	10	25	0.8	0.4	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	550	60	490	11.4	2.6	19.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	260	170	90	5.4	7.4	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	140	65	75	2.9	2.8	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	95	85	15	2.0	3.7	0.6
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	4,815	2,285	2,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,825	955	865	37.9	41.8	34.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	2,995	1,330	1,665	62.2	58.2	65.8
Location of study inside Canada	2,725	1,220	1,505	56.6	53.4	59.5
Same as province or territory of residence	2,080	925	1,155	43.2	40.5	45.7
Different than province or territory of residence	645	290	350	13.4	12.7	13.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	270	115	160	5.6	5.0	6.3
Americas	90	35	55	1.9	1.5	2.2
United States of America	90	30	55	1.9	1.3	2.2
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	90	40	55	1.9	1.8	2.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	15	35	0.9	0.7	1.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	30	15	15	0.6	0.7	0.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	50	20	35	1.0	0.9	1.4
Australia	45	15	25	0.9	0.7	1.0
New Zealand	15	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	7,805	3,940	3,860	...	...	...
In the labour force	4,600	2,485	2,115	...	...	...
Employed	4,255	2,280	1,975	...	...	...
Unemployed	345	205	140	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	3,200	1,450	1,745	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.9	63.1	54.8	58.9	63.1	54.8
Employment rate	54.5	57.9	51.2	54.5	57.9	51.2
Unemployment rate	7.5	8.2	6.6	7.5	8.2	6.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	7,800	3,940	3,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	3,225	1,495	1,720	41.3	37.9	44.5
Worked	4,580	2,445	2,140	58.7	62.1	55.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	2,090	1,195	895	26.8	30.3	23.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,490	1,245	1,245	31.9	31.6	32.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.2	40.5	39.9	40.2	40.5	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	4,605	2,485	2,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	90	60	30	2.0	2.4	1.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	4,515	2,425	2,085	98.0	97.6	98.6
Employee	3,250	1,690	1,560	70.6	68.0	73.8
Permanent position	2,655	1,390	1,265	57.7	55.9	59.8
Temporary position	600	305	295	13.0	12.3	13.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	135	65	65	2.9	2.6	3.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	465	235	230	10.1	9.5	10.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,265	735	525	27.5	29.6	24.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	4,605	2,485	2,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	90	60	30	2.0	2.4	1.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	4,515	2,425	2,085	98.0	97.6	98.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	30	30	0	0.7	1.2	0.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	650	160	490	14.1	6.4	23.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	275	195	85	6.0	7.8	4.0
3 Health occupations	365	90	270	7.9	3.6	12.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	495	145	350	10.7	5.8	16.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	155	70	85	3.4	2.8	4.0
6 Sales and service occupations	850	335	510	18.5	13.5	24.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,130	1,020	105	24.5	41.0	5.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	470	320	155	10.2	12.9	7.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	95	70	30	2.1	2.8	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	4,605	2,485	2,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	90	60	30	2.0	2.4	1.4
All industries¹⁹¹	4,515	2,425	2,085	98.0	97.6	98.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	535	365	165	11.6	14.7	7.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	80	80	0	1.7	3.2	0.0
22 Utilities	25	25	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
23 Construction	605	500	100	13.1	20.1	4.7
31-33 Manufacturing	160	105	55	3.5	4.2	2.6
41 Wholesale trade	120	75	45	2.6	3.0	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	440	220	215	9.6	8.9	10.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	220	165	60	4.8	6.6	2.8
51 Information and cultural industries	45	20	20	1.0	0.8	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	85	35	50	1.8	1.4	2.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	80	45	35	1.7	1.8	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	320	125	195	6.9	5.0	9.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	185	105	85	4.0	4.2	4.0
61 Educational services	295	70	220	6.4	2.8	10.4
62 Health care and social assistance	605	155	450	13.1	6.2	21.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	120	65	45	2.6	2.6	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	170	60	105	3.7	2.4	5.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	230	105	125	5.0	4.2	5.9
91 Public administration	195	100	90	4.2	4.0	4.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	5,045	2,675	2,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,920	2,635	2,285	97.5	98.5	96.4
French	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	50	25	25	1.0	0.9	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	55	10	45	1.1	0.4	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	5,045	2,675	2,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	5,035	2,670	2,360	99.8	99.8	99.6
Official languages	5,025	2,670	2,360	99.6	99.8	99.6
English	4,995	2,660	2,335	99.0	99.4	98.5
French	30	10	15	0.6	0.4	0.6
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	5,045	2,675	2,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	4,955	2,655	2,300	98.2	99.3	97.0
English	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
French	35	15	15	0.7	0.6	0.6
Non-official language	45	0	35	0.9	0.0	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	45	0	35	0.9	0.0	1.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	4,260	2,280	1,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,015	465	550	23.8	20.4	27.8
Worked outside Canada	15	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.5
No fixed workplace address	1,025	805	225	24.1	35.3	11.4
Usual place of work	2,195	1,005	1,195	51.5	44.1	60.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	2,195	1,005	1,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	315	165	145	14.4	16.4	12.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,190	470	715	54.2	46.8	59.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	655	325	330	29.8	32.3	27.6
Commute to a different province or territory	40	40	0	1.8	4.0	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	3,225	1,810	1,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	2,935	1,635	1,305	91.0	90.3	91.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	2,755	1,525	1,230	85.4	84.3	86.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	180	110	70	5.6	6.1	4.9
Public transit	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Walked	110	50	55	3.4	2.8	3.9
Bicycle	50	35	15	1.6	1.9	1.1
Other method	125	85	40	3.9	4.7	2.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	3,225	1,810	1,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	810	445	360	25.1	24.6	25.4
15 to 29 minutes	1,310	635	675	40.6	35.1	47.5
30 to 44 minutes	705	410	290	21.9	22.7	20.4
45 to 59 minutes	140	95	40	4.3	5.2	2.8
60 minutes and over	265	220	50	8.2	12.2	3.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	3,225	1,810	1,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	185	135	50	5.7	7.5	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	525	380	145	16.3	21.0	10.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	805	450	350	25.0	24.9	24.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	935	435	500	29.0	24.0	35.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	390	155	230	12.1	8.6	16.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	385	255	135	11.9	14.1	9.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	1,585	830	755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	110	55	55	6.9	6.6	7.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,480	775	705	93.4	93.4	93.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,245	650	590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	100	50	50	8.0	7.7	8.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	45	20	25	3.6	3.1	4.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	50	30	20	4.0	4.6	3.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,145	600	545	92.0	92.3	92.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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