Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Nanaimo, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	99,863	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	90,504	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.3	...	...	10.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	45,138	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	43,164	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,104.1	...	...	1,104.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	90.45	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	99,865	48,220	51,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,135	7,275	6,865	14.2	15.1	13.3
0 to 4 years	4,055	2,110	1,940	4.1	4.4	3.8
5 to 9 years	4,870	2,465	2,405	4.9	5.1	4.7
10 to 14 years	5,215	2,695	2,515	5.2	5.6	4.9
15 to 64 years	61,200	29,930	31,270	61.3	62.1	60.6
15 to 19 years	4,625	2,390	2,235	4.6	5.0	4.3
20 to 24 years	5,660	2,925	2,735	5.7	6.1	5.3
25 to 29 years	6,250	3,195	3,055	6.3	6.6	5.9
30 to 34 years	6,520	3,175	3,350	6.5	6.6	6.5
35 to 39 years	6,725	3,330	3,390	6.7	6.9	6.6
40 to 44 years	5,910	2,860	3,050	5.9	5.9	5.9
45 to 49 years	5,610	2,725	2,890	5.6	5.7	5.6
50 to 54 years	5,970	2,820	3,155	6.0	5.8	6.1
55 to 59 years	6,725	3,170	3,550	6.7	6.6	6.9
60 to 64 years	7,215	3,355	3,865	7.2	7.0	7.5
65 years and over	24,520	11,015	13,510	24.6	22.8	26.2
65 to 69 years	7,300	3,330	3,970	7.3	6.9	7.7
70 to 74 years	6,485	2,940	3,550	6.5	6.1	6.9
75 to 79 years	4,525	2,120	2,405	4.5	4.4	4.7
80 to 84 years	3,010	1,400	1,605	3.0	2.9	3.1
85 years and over	3,195	1,220	1,980	3.2	2.5	3.8
85 to 89 years	1,880	750	1,130	1.9	1.6	2.2
90 to 94 years	1,000	380	615	1.0	0.8	1.2
95 to 99 years	275	75	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
100 years and over	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.2	15.1	13.3	14.2	15.1	13.3
15 to 64 years	61.3	62.1	60.6	61.3	62.1	60.6
65 years and over	24.6	22.8	26.2	24.6	22.8	26.2
85 years and over	3.2	2.5	3.8	3.2	2.5	3.8
Average age of the population	44.8	43.5	46.0	44.8	43.5	46.0
Median age of the population	45.2	43.2	46.8	45.2	43.2	46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	43,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	22,215	...	...	51.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,145	...	...	5.0	...	...
Row house	1,970	...	...	4.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,040	...	...	14.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,235	...	...	19.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,385	...	...	3.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,085	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	43,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,510	...	...	31.3	...	...
2 persons	16,535	...	...	38.3	...	...
3 persons	5,940	...	...	13.8	...	...
4 persons	4,565	...	...	10.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,615	...	...	6.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	97,020	47,025	49,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	85,725	40,945	44,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	47,150	23,520	23,625	55.0	57.4	52.8
Married	36,770	18,360	18,405	42.9	44.8	41.1
Living common-law	10,380	5,160	5,220	12.1	12.6	11.7
Living common law - Never married	7,300	3,655	3,645	8.5	8.9	8.1
Living common law - Separated	400	195	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	2,425	1,215	1,205	2.8	3.0	2.7
Living common law - Widowed	255	90	165	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	38,575	17,425	21,150	45.0	42.6	47.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,030	12,485	10,545	26.9	30.5	23.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,630	1,090	1,545	3.1	2.7	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,420	2,655	4,760	8.7	6.5	10.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,495	1,195	4,300	6.4	2.9	9.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	27,840	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,930	...	...	60.8	...	...
3 persons	5,310	...	...	19.1	...	...
4 persons	4,090	...	...	14.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,510	...	...	5.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	27,840	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,900	...	...	82.3	...	...
Married couples	17,715	...	...	63.6	...	...
With children⁶	7,425	...	...	26.7	...	...
Without children	10,295	...	...	37.0	...	...
Common-law couples	5,185	...	...	18.6	...	...
With children⁶	1,705	...	...	6.1	...	...
Without children	3,475	...	...	12.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,940	...	...	17.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,830	...	...	13.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,110	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	97,020	47,025	50,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	74,180	36,430	37,750	76.5	77.5	75.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	45,800	22,840	22,960	47.2	48.6	45.9
Parents in one-parent families	4,940	1,105	3,830	5.1	2.3	7.7
Children⁶	23,435	12,480	10,955	24.2	26.5	21.9
In a two-parent family	16,150	8,535	7,620	16.6	18.1	15.2
In a one-parent family	7,290	3,950	3,335	7.5	8.4	6.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,840	10,590	12,245	23.5	22.5	24.5
Living alone	13,510	5,700	7,815	13.9	12.1	15.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,405	1,045	1,365	2.5	2.2	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	6,925	3,855	3,065	7.1	8.2	6.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	43,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,825	...	...	55.2	...	...
Couple-family households	20,105	...	...	46.6	...	...
With children⁶	7,910	...	...	18.3	...	...
Without children	12,200	...	...	28.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,715	...	...	8.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	980	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	325	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,935	...	...	4.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,580	...	...	6.0	...	...
One-person households	13,510	...	...	31.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	82,905	39,760	43,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,885	38,725	42,160	97.6	97.4	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,400	36,400	40,000	44,400	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,945	38,760	42,185	97.6	97.5	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,400	33,600	36,800	40,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,335	35,020	37,315	87.3	88.1	86.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	38,800	27,000	32,400	38,800	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,665	27,345	27,320	65.9	68.8	63.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,000	30,000	34,400	40,000	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,620	31,820	37,805	84.0	80.0	87.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	11,300	12,500	12,000	11,300	12,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,805	3,695	4,100	9.4	9.3	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,745	10,165	11,580	26.2	25.6	26.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	82,905	39,760	43,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,855	38,730	42,125	97.5	97.4	97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,880	55,000	43,240	48,880	55,000	43,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,920	38,755	42,165	97.6	97.5	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,440	46,920	38,320	42,440	46,920	38,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,220	34,875	37,345	87.1	87.7	86.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,000	50,600	35,880	43,000	50,600	35,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	54,670	27,310	27,360	65.9	68.7	63.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,800	50,240	37,360	43,800	50,240	37,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,505	31,700	37,805	83.8	79.7	87.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,190	11,540	12,730	12,190	11,540	12,730
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,640	3,595	4,040	9.2	9.0	9.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,430	6,065	6,740	6,430	6,065	6,740
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,665	10,015	11,645	26.1	25.2	27.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,870	8,700	9,020	8,870	8,700	9,020
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	82,905	39,765	43,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,725	12,910	10,815	28.6	32.5	25.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	65,000	54,000	59,600	65,000	54,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,600	72,500	59,450	66,600	72,500	59,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,605	10,830	12,775	28.5	27.2	29.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	22,000	17,400	19,200	22,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,960	34,160	24,580	28,960	34,160	24,580
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.6	82.8	73.6	78.6	82.8	73.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.6	64.4	56.1	60.6	64.4	56.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.4	17.2	26.5	21.4	17.2	26.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.1	5.0	7.4	6.1	5.0	7.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.9	4.1	5.8	4.9	4.1	5.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	82,905	39,765	43,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,020	1,035	980	2.4	2.6	2.3
With total income	80,890	38,725	42,165	97.6	97.4	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,090	2,725	3,365	7.5	7.0	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	9,505	3,885	5,620	11.8	10.0	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	13,300	5,535	7,765	16.4	14.3	18.4
$30,000 to $39,999	11,640	5,090	6,545	14.4	13.1	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	10,160	4,605	5,555	12.6	11.9	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	7,810	3,670	4,145	9.7	9.5	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	5,825	3,060	2,770	7.2	7.9	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,300	2,395	1,910	5.3	6.2	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,220	1,825	1,395	4.0	4.7	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,420	1,445	975	3.0	3.7	2.3
$100,000 and over	6,610	4,485	2,125	8.2	11.6	5.0
$100,000 to $149,999	4,835	3,180	1,650	6.0	8.2	3.9
$150,000 and over	1,775	1,305	475	2.2	3.4	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	82,905	39,765	43,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,965	1,005	960	2.4	2.5	2.2
With after-tax income	80,945	38,760	42,190	97.6	97.5	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,420	2,840	3,585	7.9	7.3	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	9,865	4,015	5,850	12.2	10.4	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	15,145	6,420	8,725	18.7	16.6	20.7
$30,000 to $39,999	13,340	5,960	7,375	16.5	15.4	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	11,280	5,230	6,055	13.9	13.5	14.4
$50,000 to $59,999	7,895	3,955	3,945	9.8	10.2	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,530	3,075	2,450	6.8	7.9	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,815	2,225	1,595	4.7	5.7	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,685	1,620	1,070	3.3	4.2	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,655	1,055	600	2.0	2.7	1.4
$100,000 and over	3,310	2,375	935	4.1	6.1	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,880	1,320	560	2.3	3.4	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,430	1,060	375	1.8	2.7	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	82,905	39,765	43,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	28,240	12,415	15,820	34.1	31.2	36.7
With employment income	54,670	27,345	27,325	65.9	68.8	63.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,805	3,635	4,165	14.3	13.3	15.2
$5,000 to $9,999	4,505	1,945	2,560	8.2	7.1	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	6,655	2,910	3,745	12.2	10.6	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,710	2,550	3,160	10.4	9.3	11.6
$30,000 to $39,999	5,570	2,590	2,980	10.2	9.5	10.9
$40,000 to $49,999	5,070	2,410	2,655	9.3	8.8	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	4,440	2,155	2,285	8.1	7.9	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,420	1,865	1,560	6.3	6.8	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,845	1,660	1,180	5.2	6.1	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,190	1,245	945	4.0	4.6	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,815	1,080	730	3.3	3.9	2.7
$100,000 and over	4,645	3,300	1,345	8.5	12.1	4.9
$100,000 to $124,999	2,520	1,670	855	4.6	6.1	3.1
$125,000 and over	2,125	1,635	490	3.9	6.0	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	82,905	39,760	43,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,960	37,665	41,295	95.2	94.7	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	43,200	32,800	37,200	43,200	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,080	37,690	41,390	95.4	94.8	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,400	30,000	33,600	38,400	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,780	34,650	37,130	86.6	87.1	86.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	40,000	28,200	33,200	40,000	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,420	28,410	29,010	69.3	71.5	67.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,200	28,800	33,200	39,200	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,840	24,965	32,875	69.8	62.8	76.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	8,800	8,800	8,800	8,800	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,755	2,680	3,075	6.9	6.7	7.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	5,040	5,520	5,200	5,040	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	82,905	39,760	43,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,955	37,710	41,245	95.2	94.8	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,600	54,200	39,680	46,600	54,200	39,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,060	37,725	41,340	95.4	94.9	95.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,920	45,480	34,800	39,920	45,480	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,515	34,470	37,045	86.3	86.7	85.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,720	52,550	35,520	43,720	52,550	35,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,445	28,470	28,970	69.3	71.6	67.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,600	50,120	35,200	42,600	50,120	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,710	24,895	32,820	69.6	62.6	76.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,590	9,340	9,780	9,590	9,340	9,780
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,750	2,570	3,175	6.9	6.5	7.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,850	6,310	7,280	6,850	6,310	7,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	82,905	39,765	43,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,655	12,875	10,780	28.5	32.4	25.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	61,600	50,000	55,600	61,600	50,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,950	70,100	54,350	62,950	70,100	54,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,495	10,285	12,215	27.1	25.9	28.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	29,000	21,800	24,600	29,000	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,160	41,160	28,240	34,160	41,160	28,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.0	88.6	80.4	85.0	88.6	80.4
Employment income (%)	66.6	69.8	62.3	66.6	69.8	62.3
Government transfers (%)	15.0	11.4	19.6	15.0	11.4	19.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	43,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	43,165	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,600	...	...	91,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,600	...	...	79,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,280	...	...	48,280	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,240	...	...	42,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,655	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,300	...	...	111,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,600	...	...	96,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	43,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	430	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	195	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	365	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	960	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,965	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,510	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,630	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,810	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,955	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,025	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,610	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,435	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,020	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,780	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,505	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,965	...	...	34.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,960	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,425	...	...	7.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,870	...	...	9.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,710	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	43,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	480	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	375	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	995	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,055	...	...	4.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,745	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,865	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,180	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,305	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,120	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,125	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,705	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,450	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,035	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,690	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,830	...	...	27.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,745	...	...	11.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,075	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,005	...	...	9.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,780	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,435	9,555	10,885	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	37,200	35,600	36,400	37,200	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	34,400	33,600	34,000	34,400	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	27,650	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,300	...	...	110,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,400	...	...	95,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,300	...	...	87,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,230	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,800	...	...	139,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,800	...	...	119,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,660	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,700	...	...	75,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,400	...	...	67,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,475	9,500	10,975	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,080	45,840	42,560	44,080	45,840	42,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,840	40,000	37,840	38,840	40,000	37,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	97,020	47,020	49,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,920	8,725	8,190	17.4	18.6	16.4
0 to 5 years	5,015	2,605	2,400	5.2	5.5	4.8
18 to 64 years	57,605	27,990	29,615	59.4	59.5	59.2
65 years and over	22,490	10,305	12,190	23.2	21.9	24.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,720	4,850	5,870	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,155	1,125	1,030	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	655	350	305	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,625	2,610	3,015	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,940	1,110	1,825	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.1	10.3	11.7	11.1	10.3	11.7
0 to 17 years (%)	12.7	12.9	12.5	12.7	12.9	12.5
0 to 5 years (%)	13.0	13.3	12.8	13.0	13.3	12.8
18 to 64 years (%)	9.8	9.3	10.2	9.8	9.3	10.2
65 years and over (%)	13.1	10.8	15.0	13.1	10.8	15.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	97,020	47,025	50,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,925	8,730	8,195	17.4	18.6	16.4
0 to 5 years	5,010	2,610	2,405	5.2	5.6	4.8
18 to 64 years	57,610	27,995	29,615	59.4	59.5	59.2
65 years and over	22,490	10,305	12,185	23.2	21.9	24.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,565	2,370	2,200	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	720	370	350	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	185	100	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,395	1,805	1,590	...	...	...
65 years and over	455	195	260	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.7	5.0	4.4	4.7	5.0	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3
0 to 5 years (%)	3.7	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.9	3.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.9	6.4	5.4	5.9	6.4	5.4
65 years and over (%)	2.0	1.9	2.1	2.0	1.9	2.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	97,020	47,025	49,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	51,920	24,470	27,445	53.5	52.0	54.9
In bottom decile	10,645	5,070	5,570	11.0	10.8	11.1
In second decile	10,790	4,910	5,875	11.1	10.4	11.8
In third decile	10,350	4,855	5,495	10.7	10.3	11.0
In fourth decile	9,945	4,735	5,205	10.3	10.1	10.4
In fifth decile	10,195	4,895	5,295	10.5	10.4	10.6
In top half of the distribution	45,105	22,550	22,550	46.5	48.0	45.1
In sixth decile	9,925	4,885	5,035	10.2	10.4	10.1
In seventh decile	9,390	4,630	4,760	9.7	9.8	9.5
In eighth decile	9,505	4,770	4,735	9.8	10.1	9.5
In ninth decile	8,960	4,525	4,435	9.2	9.6	8.9
In top decile	7,320	3,745	3,580	7.5	8.0	7.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	97,020	...	...	97,020	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.303	...	...	0.303	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.427	...	...	0.427	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.272	...	...	0.272	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	98,415	47,680	50,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	91,025	44,445	46,575	92.5	93.2	91.8
French only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	6,675	2,915	3,760	6.8	6.1	7.4
Neither English nor French	690	300	385	0.7	0.6	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	98,415	47,680	50,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	96,480	46,780	49,695	98.0	98.1	98.0
French	1,130	550	585	1.1	1.2	1.2
English and French	155	70	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	650	285	365	0.7	0.6	0.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	98,415	47,680	50,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	96,475	46,800	49,670	98.0	98.2	97.9
Official languages	85,365	41,720	43,650	86.7	87.5	86.0
English	84,170	41,140	43,035	85.5	86.3	84.8
French	1,200	585	615	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-official languages	11,105	5,085	6,025	11.3	10.7	11.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,070	5,075	6,000	11.2	10.6	11.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	515	280	240	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	490	265	220	0.5	0.6	0.4
Amharic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	450	250	200	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	595	265	335	0.6	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	535	240	295	0.5	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	900	350	555	0.9	0.7	1.1
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	700	270	430	0.7	0.6	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,665	2,675	2,985	5.8	5.6	5.9
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	990	445	545	1.0	0.9	1.1
Baltic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	980	440	540	1.0	0.9	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	235	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	250	115	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	190	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,710	770	940	1.7	1.6	1.9
Frisian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	885	395	495	0.9	0.8	1.0
German	860	380	480	0.9	0.8	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	545	260	290	0.6	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	430	205	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	270	115	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swedish	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,900	980	920	1.9	2.1	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,690	880	815	1.7	1.8	1.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	245	145	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,165	585	585	1.2	1.2	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	960	420	535	1.0	0.9	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	580	250	335	0.6	0.5	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	245	65	180	0.2	0.1	0.4
Korean	520	240	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,025	930	1,100	2.1	2.0	2.2
Chinese languages	2,025	930	1,095	2.1	2.0	2.2
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,540	705	830	1.6	1.5	1.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	410	200	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	220	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,950	885	1,060	2.0	1.9	2.1
English and French	450	205	245	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,250	585	665	1.3	1.2	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	180	65	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	98,415	47,680	50,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	87,020	42,365	44,660	88.4	88.9	88.0
French	195	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	2,650	1,285	1,365	2.7	2.7	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,645	1,285	1,365	2.7	2.7	2.7
English and French	955	430	525	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	7,170	3,315	3,850	7.3	7.0	7.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	270	120	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	155	65	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	98,415	47,680	50,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	96,935	46,990	49,940	98.5	98.6	98.4
Official languages	91,850	44,535	47,315	93.3	93.4	93.3
English	91,555	44,385	47,165	93.0	93.1	93.0
French	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	5,085	2,455	2,630	5.2	5.1	5.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,080	2,455	2,620	5.2	5.1	5.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	310	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	300	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	285	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	370	170	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	330	150	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	410	205	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	320	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,880	910	965	1.9	1.9	1.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	315	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	315	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	140	75	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,075	530	540	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	975	495	485	1.0	1.0	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	735	365	365	0.7	0.8	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	295	130	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	415	205	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,410	680	730	1.4	1.4	1.4
Chinese languages	1,410	680	730	1.4	1.4	1.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,145	555	590	1.2	1.2	1.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,480	690	790	1.5	1.4	1.6
English and French	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,290	610	680	1.3	1.3	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	98,415	47,680	50,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	91,075	44,315	46,760	92.5	92.9	92.2
English	2,120	1,010	1,105	2.2	2.1	2.2
French	775	345	430	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	3,560	1,595	1,965	3.6	3.3	3.9
Indigenous³⁹	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	3,495	1,565	1,930	3.6	3.3	3.8
English and French	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	275	145	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	165	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	415	175	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	97,020	47,020	49,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	96,325	46,710	49,615	99.3	99.3	99.2
English	96,310	46,700	49,610	99.3	99.3	99.2
French	6,650	2,875	3,770	6.9	6.1	7.5
Non-official languages	15,955	7,245	8,710	16.4	15.4	17.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	185	75	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,770	7,170	8,600	16.3	15.2	17.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	630	315	315	0.6	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	590	300	290	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	510	250	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	700	300	400	0.7	0.6	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	615	275	340	0.6	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,325	540	790	1.4	1.1	1.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hiligaynon	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,130	460	670	1.2	1.0	1.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	160	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	45	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,030	4,225	4,800	9.3	9.0	9.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,265	570	695	1.3	1.2	1.4
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,255	560	695	1.3	1.2	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	270	120	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	400	195	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	290	130	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Irish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,585	1,125	1,455	2.7	2.4	2.9
Frisian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,455	650	805	1.5	1.4	1.6
German	1,435	640	795	1.5	1.4	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	815	355	460	0.8	0.8	0.9
Afrikaans	245	135	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dutch	565	220	345	0.6	0.5	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	440	160	275	0.5	0.3	0.6
Danish	215	75	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,755	1,380	1,375	2.8	2.9	2.8
Indo-Aryan languages	2,440	1,235	1,205	2.5	2.6	2.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	155	95	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	1,240	650	590	1.3	1.4	1.2
Kacchi	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,640	800	835	1.7	1.7	1.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Urdu	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	305	140	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	305	140	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	260	110	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,640	1,210	1,430	2.7	2.6	2.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	430	225	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Portuguese	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,105	930	1,175	2.2	2.0	2.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	525	170	355	0.5	0.4	0.7
Korean	665	300	360	0.7	0.6	0.7
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	295	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	185	50	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	155	35	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,365	1,100	1,260	2.4	2.3	2.5
Chinese languages	2,355	1,100	1,255	2.4	2.3	2.5
Hakka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,875	860	1,010	1.9	1.8	2.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	625	310	315	0.6	0.7	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	30	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	125	30	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	285	125	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	97,020	47,020	49,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,905	3,695	4,215	8.1	7.9	8.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,525	3,515	4,010	7.8	7.5	8.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,345	2,005	2,335	4.5	4.3	4.7
Métis	3,115	1,470	1,645	3.2	3.1	3.3
Inuk (Inuit)	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	89,110	43,330	45,785	91.8	92.2	91.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	97,020	47,020	49,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,000	1,460	1,540	3.1	3.1	3.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	94,020	45,565	48,455	96.9	96.9	96.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	43,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	28,780	...	...	66.7	...	...
Renter	14,385	...	...	33.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	43,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,990	...	...	16.2	...	...
Not condominium	36,175	...	...	83.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	43,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	345	...	...	0.8	...	...
1 bedroom	5,865	...	...	13.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,730	...	...	29.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,150	...	...	30.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,080	...	...	25.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	43,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	13,355	...	...	30.9	...	...
5 rooms	7,195	...	...	16.7	...	...
6 rooms	6,000	...	...	13.9	...	...
7 rooms	4,745	...	...	11.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,870	...	...	27.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	43,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	42,685	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	480	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	43,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	41,640	...	...	96.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,525	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	43,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,605	...	...	13.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,285	...	...	26.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,295	...	...	14.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,945	...	...	18.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,160	...	...	5.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,135	...	...	7.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,775	...	...	6.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,960	...	...	9.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	43,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	40,930	...	...	94.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,235	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	43,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,270	...	...	49.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,455	...	...	45.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,435	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	43,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,545	...	...	3.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,585	...	...	12.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,800	...	...	15.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,470	...	...	15.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,120	...	...	18.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,385	...	...	19.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,685	...	...	10.9	...	...
85 years and over	1,575	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	43,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,520	...	...	75.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,500	...	...	24.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,560	...	...	22.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	43,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,290	...	...	30.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,655	...	...	22.4	...	...
Not suitable only	1,130	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,550	...	...	3.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	560	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	29,875	...	...	69.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	42,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,005	...	...	11.9	...	...
Not in core need	37,075	...	...	88.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,765	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.2	...	...	58.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.3	...	...	16.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,170	...	...	1,170	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,382	...	...	1,382	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	625,500	...	...	625,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,385	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.1	...	...	10.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.7	...	...	40.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.2	...	...	24.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,250	...	...	1,250	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,328	...	...	1,328	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	97,020	47,025	50,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,760	1,340	1,415	2.8	2.8	2.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,685	1,305	1,380	2.8	2.8	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,080	995	1,085	2.1	2.1	2.2
Métis single ancestry	580	300	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,810	2,585	3,225	6.0	5.5	6.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,580	2,475	3,105	5.8	5.3	6.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,655	1,595	2,055	3.8	3.4	4.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,865	840	1,025	1.9	1.8	2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	235	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	235	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	88,450	43,100	45,355	91.2	91.7	90.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	97,020	47,025	50,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	90,990	44,195	46,790	93.8	94.0	93.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,340	8,480	7,860	16.8	18.0	15.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,655	35,720	38,930	76.9	76.0	77.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,030	2,820	3,205	6.2	6.0	6.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	97,020	47,025	50,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	79,545	38,885	40,665	82.0	82.7	81.3
Immigrants⁸¹	15,620	7,240	8,380	16.1	15.4	16.8
Before 1980	5,660	2,715	2,945	5.8	5.8	5.9
1980 to 1990	1,715	775	940	1.8	1.6	1.9
1991 to 2000	1,765	735	1,030	1.8	1.6	2.1
2001 to 2010	2,645	1,250	1,400	2.7	2.7	2.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,835	1,760	2,070	4.0	3.7	4.1
2011 to 2015	1,570	715	855	1.6	1.5	1.7
2016 to 2021	2,265	1,045	1,220	2.3	2.2	2.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,850	900	950	1.9	1.9	1.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	15,620	7,240	8,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,690	850	840	10.8	11.7	10.0
5 to 14 years	2,980	1,400	1,580	19.1	19.3	18.9
15 to 24 years	2,920	1,295	1,620	18.7	17.9	19.3
25 to 44 years	6,560	3,050	3,510	42.0	42.1	41.9
45 years and over	1,475	650	825	9.4	9.0	9.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	15,620	7,240	8,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,910	830	1,080	12.2	11.5	12.9
Brazil	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
Colombia	80	35	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
El Salvador	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
Guyana	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexico	165	70	95	1.1	1.0	1.1
Peru	40	0	35	0.3	0.0	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
United States of America	1,155	520	630	7.4	7.2	7.5
Other places of birth in Americas	285	120	165	1.8	1.7	2.0
Europe	6,675	3,270	3,405	42.7	45.2	40.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	10	30	0.3	0.1	0.4
Croatia	125	65	60	0.8	0.9	0.7
France	95	55	35	0.6	0.8	0.4
Germany	635	320	315	4.1	4.4	3.8
Greece	45	35	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
Hungary	150	70	75	1.0	1.0	0.9
Italy	145	95	50	0.9	1.3	0.6
Netherlands	445	200	245	2.8	2.8	2.9
Poland	245	125	115	1.6	1.7	1.4
Portugal	65	45	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
Romania	45	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian Federation	115	60	60	0.7	0.8	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Ukraine	80	50	30	0.5	0.7	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,495	1,690	1,800	22.4	23.3	21.5
Other places of birth in Europe	955	420	535	6.1	5.8	6.4
Africa	780	380	400	5.0	5.2	4.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egypt	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	155	70	80	1.0	1.0	1.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	310	165	145	2.0	2.3	1.7
Other places of birth in Africa	235	105	130	1.5	1.5	1.6
Asia	5,940	2,605	3,340	38.0	36.0	39.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	230	120	110	1.5	1.7	1.3
Iraq	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	230	120	110	1.5	1.7	1.3
Turkey	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,285	560	725	8.2	7.7	8.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	175	85	90	1.1	1.2	1.1
Korea, South⁹²	470	195	280	3.0	2.7	3.3
Taiwan	130	40	95	0.8	0.6	1.1
Philippines	1,040	430	610	6.7	5.9	7.3
Viet Nam	455	200	260	2.9	2.8	3.1
Bangladesh	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
India	1,075	540	530	6.9	7.5	6.3
Pakistan	40	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.2
Sri Lanka	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	680	230	455	4.4	3.2	5.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	310	155	155	2.0	2.1	1.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,265	1,045	1,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	200	95	105	8.8	9.1	8.6
Brazil	30	10	20	1.3	1.0	1.6
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	10	20	1.3	1.0	1.6
United States of America	105	55	50	4.6	5.3	4.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	20	10	1.5	1.9	0.8
Europe	285	140	145	12.6	13.4	11.9
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	10	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	40	20	25	1.8	1.9	2.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	95	45	50	4.2	4.3	4.1
Other places of birth in Europe	105	55	55	4.6	5.3	4.5
Africa	265	135	135	11.7	12.9	11.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	125	55	65	5.5	5.3	5.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	0	1.1	1.4	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	85	40	45	3.8	3.8	3.7
Asia	1,450	655	800	64.0	62.7	65.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.8
China⁹⁰	410	180	230	18.1	17.2	18.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
India	310	170	140	13.7	16.3	11.5
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	10	1.1	1.0	0.8
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	30	0	25	1.3	0.0	2.0
Jordan	15	10	10	0.7	1.0	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	90	30	65	4.0	2.9	5.3
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	215	85	130	9.5	8.1	10.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	210	110	95	9.3	10.5	7.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	35	10	20	1.5	1.0	1.6
Other places of birth in Asia	65	20	40	2.9	1.9	3.3
Oceania and other⁹³	60	30	35	2.6	2.9	2.9
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	50	25	30	2.2	2.4	2.5
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	97,020	47,020	49,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	18,640	8,710	9,930	19.2	18.5	19.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	18,320	8,635	9,685	18.9	18.4	19.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	60,055	29,680	30,375	61.9	63.1	60.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	9,960	4,525	5,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,490	2,670	2,830	55.1	59.0	52.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,365	1,355	1,010	23.7	29.9	18.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,130	1,310	1,815	31.4	29.0	33.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,405	1,340	2,060	34.2	29.6	37.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,015	500	520	10.2	11.0	9.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	9,960	4,525	5,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	190	100	95	1.9	2.2	1.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,460	655	805	14.7	14.5	14.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	370	160	210	3.7	3.5	3.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	940	460	480	9.4	10.2	8.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	70	20	50	0.7	0.4	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,935	3,130	3,805	69.6	69.2	70.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	97,020	47,020	49,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	13,300	6,170	7,130	13.7	13.1	14.3
South Asian	3,095	1,565	1,530	3.2	3.3	3.1
Chinese	2,865	1,325	1,540	3.0	2.8	3.1
Black	1,180	550	635	1.2	1.2	1.3
Filipino	1,525	665	855	1.6	1.4	1.7
Arab	430	225	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Latin American	710	315	390	0.7	0.7	0.8
Southeast Asian	1,145	485	665	1.2	1.0	1.3
West Asian	310	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	700	310	390	0.7	0.7	0.8
Japanese	655	245	415	0.7	0.5	0.8
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	225	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	460	225	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	83,720	40,850	42,870	86.3	86.9	85.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	97,020	47,020	50,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	12,225	6,250	5,970	12.6	13.3	11.9
English	30,200	14,425	15,770	31.1	30.7	31.5
Irish	16,370	7,775	8,595	16.9	16.5	17.2
Scottish	21,790	10,510	11,280	22.5	22.4	22.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,425	3,890	4,535	8.7	8.3	9.1
German	12,845	6,095	6,750	13.2	13.0	13.5
Chinese	3,130	1,475	1,660	3.2	3.1	3.3
Italian	3,375	1,645	1,725	3.5	3.5	3.5
Indian (India)	1,925	975	955	2.0	2.1	1.9
Ukrainian	4,925	2,355	2,570	5.1	5.0	5.1
Dutch	4,540	2,175	2,375	4.7	4.6	4.8
Polish	2,995	1,425	1,570	3.1	3.0	3.1
Québécois	150	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,115	2,395	2,720	5.3	5.1	5.4
Filipino	1,480	635	845	1.5	1.4	1.7
French Canadian	1,020	505	510	1.1	1.1	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,120	1,040	1,080	2.2	2.2	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,800	1,225	1,575	2.9	2.6	3.2
Métis	2,730	1,270	1,460	2.8	2.7	2.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,650	1,330	1,315	2.7	2.8	2.6
Russian	2,180	1,005	1,170	2.2	2.1	2.3
Norwegian	3,590	1,735	1,855	3.7	3.7	3.7
Welsh	3,170	1,525	1,645	3.3	3.2	3.3
Portuguese	440	190	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
American	1,720	840	880	1.8	1.8	1.8
Spanish	1,050	500	545	1.1	1.1	1.1
Swedish	2,685	1,240	1,445	2.8	2.6	2.9
Hungarian	1,355	635	715	1.4	1.4	1.4
Acadian	250	125	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	290	155	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	485	215	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Punjabi	530	255	275	0.5	0.5	0.6
Vietnamese	805	380	430	0.8	0.8	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	220	120	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Greek	385	185	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	210	120	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	340	115	225	0.4	0.2	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	705	285	420	0.7	0.6	0.8
Korean	695	315	375	0.7	0.7	0.8
Romanian	560	255	300	0.6	0.5	0.6
Lebanese	160	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	290	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	225	120	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Danish	1,595	745	845	1.6	1.6	1.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	665	350	315	0.7	0.7	0.6
Sikh	370	190	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austrian	1,135	505	630	1.2	1.1	1.3
Belgian	735	335	400	0.8	0.7	0.8
Haitian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	150	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mexican	360	150	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mennonite	210	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swiss	580	345	230	0.6	0.7	0.5
Finnish	940	450	495	1.0	1.0	1.0
Sri Lankan	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	480	225	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	800	305	500	0.8	0.6	1.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	120	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	155	70	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	800	395	405	0.8	0.8	0.8
Muslim	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	755	380	375	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombian	95	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	550	255	300	0.6	0.5	0.6
Syrian	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	90	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	55	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	190	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	190	60	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	240	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwanese	120	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraqi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	260	145	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australian	385	185	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Palestinian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	145	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Congolese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	265	165	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
New Brunswicker	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albertan	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	155	70	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	135	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	160	60	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	420	215	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	165	45	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	155	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	45	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azorean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Costa Rican	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	97,020	47,025	49,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	650	220	430	0.7	0.5	0.9
Christian	31,135	13,615	17,525	32.1	29.0	35.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,600	3,505	4,100	7.8	7.5	8.2
Anabaptist	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	3,600	1,480	2,120	3.7	3.1	4.2
Baptist	1,180	535	650	1.2	1.1	1.3
Catholic	9,135	4,120	5,015	9.4	8.8	10.0
Christian Orthodox	300	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	830	365	470	0.9	0.8	0.9
Latter Day Saints	300	165	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Lutheran	1,080	410	665	1.1	0.9	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	185	75	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	940	390	555	1.0	0.8	1.1
Presbyterian	750	315	435	0.8	0.7	0.9
Reformed	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
United Church	3,520	1,375	2,145	3.6	2.9	4.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,465	625	845	1.5	1.3	1.7
Hindu	785	400	390	0.8	0.9	0.8
Jewish	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	1,000	465	535	1.0	1.0	1.1
Sikh	1,330	640	690	1.4	1.4	1.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,355	515	840	1.4	1.1	1.7
No religion and secular perspectives	60,365	30,960	29,405	62.2	65.8	58.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	96,325	46,685	49,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	80,915	39,155	41,755	84.0	83.9	84.1
Movers	15,415	7,525	7,885	16.0	16.1	15.9
Non-migrants	9,365	4,590	4,775	9.7	9.8	9.6
Migrants	6,045	2,935	3,110	6.3	6.3	6.3
Internal migrants	5,405	2,645	2,755	5.6	5.7	5.5
Intraprovincial migrants	3,785	1,875	1,905	3.9	4.0	3.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,615	765	850	1.7	1.6	1.7
External migrants	650	290	355	0.7	0.6	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	92,975	44,965	48,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	47,800	22,985	24,815	51.4	51.1	51.7
Movers	45,175	21,980	23,190	48.6	48.9	48.3
Non-migrants	20,400	9,845	10,560	21.9	21.9	22.0
Migrants	24,775	12,140	12,640	26.6	27.0	26.3
Internal migrants	21,570	10,585	10,985	23.2	23.5	22.9
Intraprovincial migrants	15,680	7,615	8,070	16.9	16.9	16.8
Interprovincial migrants	5,885	2,965	2,920	6.3	6.6	6.1
External migrants	3,205	1,555	1,650	3.4	3.5	3.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	82,905	39,765	43,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,350	7,370	5,980	16.1	18.5	13.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	69,555	32,395	37,160	83.9	81.5	86.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,175	24,200	25,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,395	3,200	2,200	10.8	13.2	8.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	44,780	21,000	23,780	89.2	86.8	91.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	82,905	39,760	43,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,200	6,075	5,125	13.5	15.3	11.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,285	12,120	13,165	30.5	30.5	30.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,425	21,565	24,860	56.0	54.2	57.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,030	13,025	14,010	32.6	32.8	32.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,770	5,585	2,180	9.4	14.0	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,245	1,795	1,450	3.9	4.5	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,525	3,790	730	5.5	9.5	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,115	5,930	9,185	18.2	14.9	21.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,150	1,505	2,640	5.0	3.8	6.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,390	8,540	10,850	23.4	21.5	25.1
Bachelor's degree	12,210	5,280	6,930	14.7	13.3	16.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,455	675	780	1.8	1.7	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	590	340	255	0.7	0.9	0.6
Master's degree	4,385	1,890	2,495	5.3	4.8	5.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	750	365	390	0.9	0.9	0.9
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,175	24,200	25,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,320	2,620	1,705	8.6	10.8	6.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,840	7,210	6,630	27.6	29.8	25.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,020	14,370	17,645	63.8	59.4	67.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,685	8,365	9,315	35.2	34.6	35.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,830	3,440	1,390	9.6	14.2	5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,015	1,100	920	4.0	4.5	3.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,815	2,340	475	5.6	9.7	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,010	3,925	6,080	20.0	16.2	23.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,845	995	1,845	5.7	4.1	7.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,335	6,010	8,330	28.6	24.8	32.1
Bachelor's degree	9,115	3,800	5,310	18.2	15.7	20.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,090	495	600	2.2	2.0	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	430	205	225	0.9	0.8	0.9
Master's degree	3,220	1,310	1,905	6.4	5.4	7.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	480	195	285	1.0	0.8	1.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	82,905	39,760	43,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,480	18,195	18,290	44.0	45.8	42.4
Education	3,635	1,010	2,630	4.4	2.5	6.1
13. Education	3,635	1,010	2,630	4.4	2.5	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,720	690	1,030	2.1	1.7	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	95	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,590	600	990	1.9	1.5	2.3
Humanities	2,165	890	1,265	2.6	2.2	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	170	45	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	690	255	435	0.8	0.6	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	560	190	375	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	170	100	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	205	100	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	265	175	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,900	1,740	3,165	5.9	4.4	7.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	115	10	105	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	420	185	240	0.5	0.5	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	925	130	795	1.1	0.3	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	645	220	420	0.8	0.6	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	135	40	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	920	285	640	1.1	0.7	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,740	875	865	2.1	2.2	2.0
Business, management and public administration	9,220	3,430	5,795	11.1	8.6	13.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	860	180	680	1.0	0.5	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,355	3,245	5,110	10.1	8.2	11.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,705	900	805	2.1	2.3	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	905	450	460	1.1	1.1	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	285	155	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	400	250	150	0.5	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,390	945	445	1.7	2.4	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,060	805	255	1.3	2.0	0.6
25. Library science	140	25	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	180	110	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,415	7,765	645	10.2	19.5	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	230	140	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	1,385	1,175	210	1.7	3.0	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,700	1,530	170	2.1	3.8	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,420	2,325	95	2.9	5.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,765	1,715	50	2.1	4.3	0.1
48. Precision production	910	890	20	1.1	2.2	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,410	900	510	1.7	2.3	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	665	320	340	0.8	0.8	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	750	580	170	0.9	1.5	0.4
Health and related fields	8,610	1,645	6,965	10.4	4.1	16.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	560	275	280	0.7	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,830	1,220	6,610	9.4	3.1	15.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	185	135	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,245	1,650	1,595	3.9	4.1	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,125	690	1,435	2.6	1.7	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	320	220	100	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	745	685	60	0.9	1.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,180	24,195	25,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,160	9,830	8,335	36.2	40.6	32.1
Education	2,190	585	1,610	4.4	2.4	6.2
13. Education	2,190	585	1,610	4.4	2.4	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,335	540	795	2.7	2.2	3.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,255	485	770	2.5	2.0	3.0
Humanities	1,450	590	860	2.9	2.4	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	100	25	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	470	170	300	0.9	0.7	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	405	140	260	0.8	0.6	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	65	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	185	115	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,655	1,185	2,470	7.3	4.9	9.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	105	0	100	0.2	0.0	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	335	130	210	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	740	100	635	1.5	0.4	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	415	120	295	0.8	0.5	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	110	30	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	625	180	440	1.2	0.7	1.7
45. Social sciences	1,330	615	710	2.7	2.5	2.7
Business, management and public administration	6,480	2,435	4,040	12.9	10.1	15.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	600	115	480	1.2	0.5	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,880	2,320	3,560	11.7	9.6	13.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,180	575	605	2.4	2.4	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	645	300	345	1.3	1.2	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	200	110	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	275	145	125	0.5	0.6	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,025	725	295	2.0	3.0	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	845	665	175	1.7	2.7	0.7
25. Library science	85	15	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,425	4,905	525	10.8	20.3	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	175	95	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	940	765	175	1.9	3.2	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,015	890	130	2.0	3.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,670	1,580	90	3.3	6.5	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,080	1,040	35	2.2	4.3	0.1
48. Precision production	550	530	20	1.1	2.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,050	605	435	2.1	2.5	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	485	205	280	1.0	0.8	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	555	400	155	1.1	1.7	0.6
Health and related fields	6,055	1,200	4,850	12.1	5.0	18.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	390	195	195	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,520	935	4,580	11.0	3.9	17.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	70	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,185	1,025	1,165	4.4	4.2	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,480	445	1,035	2.9	1.8	4.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	215	125	80	0.4	0.5	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	465	420	40	0.9	1.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	50,180	24,195	25,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,160	9,830	8,335	36.2	40.6	32.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	32,020	14,375	17,645	63.8	59.4	67.9
Location of study inside Canada	27,875	12,490	15,385	55.6	51.6	59.2
Same as province or territory of residence	21,430	9,465	11,960	42.7	39.1	46.0
Different than province or territory of residence	6,445	3,025	3,425	12.8	12.5	13.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,145	1,885	2,260	8.3	7.8	8.7
Americas	840	410	430	1.7	1.7	1.7
United States of America	685	350	335	1.4	1.4	1.3
Mexico	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	940	515	425	1.9	2.1	1.6
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	495	275	220	1.0	1.1	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Africa	200	100	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	120	65	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Asia	2,030	775	1,260	4.0	3.2	4.9
Iran⁸⁸	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	550	205	345	1.1	0.8	1.3
Taiwan	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	105	10	95	0.2	0.0	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	170	75	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
Philippines	480	190	285	1.0	0.8	1.1
Viet Nam	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	390	165	225	0.8	0.7	0.9
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	105	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	130	80	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australia	80	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	45	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	82,905	39,760	43,145	...	...	...
In the labour force	49,970	25,260	24,715	...	...	...
Employed	45,770	23,110	22,665	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,200	2,150	2,050	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	32,935	14,500	18,430	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.3	63.5	57.3	60.3	63.5	57.3
Employment rate	55.2	58.1	52.5	55.2	58.1	52.5
Unemployment rate	8.4	8.5	8.3	8.4	8.5	8.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	82,905	39,760	43,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,055	14,595	18,460	39.9	36.7	42.8
Worked	49,855	25,170	24,685	60.1	63.3	57.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,475	13,395	11,080	29.5	33.7	25.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,380	11,775	13,600	30.6	29.6	31.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.5	40.4	41.0	41.5	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	49,975	25,260	24,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,040	520	520	2.1	2.1	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	48,935	24,740	24,195	97.9	97.9	97.9
Employee	40,770	20,120	20,650	81.6	79.7	83.6
Permanent position	34,345	17,170	17,175	68.7	68.0	69.5
Temporary position	6,425	2,955	3,475	12.9	11.7	14.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,660	730	935	3.3	2.9	3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,765	2,225	2,540	9.5	8.8	10.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,170	4,620	3,545	16.3	18.3	14.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	49,975	25,260	24,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,040	520	520	2.1	2.1	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	48,935	24,740	24,195	97.9	97.9	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	415	265	150	0.8	1.0	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,090	1,880	5,210	14.2	7.4	21.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,145	2,320	825	6.3	9.2	3.3
3 Health occupations	4,885	1,055	3,830	9.8	4.2	15.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,985	1,990	3,995	12.0	7.9	16.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,530	680	845	3.1	2.7	3.4
6 Sales and service occupations	14,775	6,695	8,075	29.6	26.5	32.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,805	8,040	765	17.6	31.8	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,170	885	285	2.3	3.5	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,135	925	215	2.3	3.7	0.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	49,975	25,260	24,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,040	520	520	2.1	2.1	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	48,935	24,740	24,195	97.9	97.9	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,010	730	275	2.0	2.9	1.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	265	250	10	0.5	1.0	0.0
22 Utilities	210	185	20	0.4	0.7	0.1
23 Construction	4,515	3,870	640	9.0	15.3	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	1,720	1,300	425	3.4	5.1	1.7
41 Wholesale trade	1,095	820	275	2.2	3.2	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	7,005	3,515	3,490	14.0	13.9	14.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,530	1,980	550	5.1	7.8	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	945	570	375	1.9	2.3	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	1,660	625	1,030	3.3	2.5	4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,060	525	535	2.1	2.1	2.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,205	1,760	1,440	6.4	7.0	5.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,430	1,310	1,115	4.9	5.2	4.5
61 Educational services	3,680	1,235	2,440	7.4	4.9	9.9
62 Health care and social assistance	8,060	1,720	6,335	16.1	6.8	25.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	840	380	460	1.7	1.5	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	3,920	1,795	2,125	7.8	7.1	8.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,260	935	1,325	4.5	3.7	5.4
91 Public administration	2,470	1,185	1,285	4.9	4.7	5.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	53,875	27,200	26,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	52,470	26,580	25,890	97.4	97.7	97.0
French	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	210	120	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	210	120	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	415	170	245	0.8	0.6	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	665	295	370	1.2	1.1	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	53,875	27,200	26,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	53,730	27,115	26,610	99.7	99.7	99.7
Official languages	53,420	26,955	26,470	99.2	99.1	99.2
English	53,250	26,920	26,330	98.8	99.0	98.7
French	175	35	135	0.3	0.1	0.5
Non-official languages	300	160	145	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	300	160	145	0.6	0.6	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	95	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	95	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	150	80	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	120	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	53,875	27,200	26,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	52,885	26,770	26,110	98.2	98.4	97.9
English	195	70	125	0.4	0.3	0.5
French	300	125	170	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	435	185	250	0.8	0.7	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	385	165	220	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	45,770	23,105	22,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,100	3,470	4,630	17.7	15.0	20.4
Worked outside Canada	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,680	5,710	1,970	16.8	24.7	8.7
Usual place of work	29,935	13,890	16,050	65.4	60.1	70.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,935	13,885	16,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,360	11,165	14,190	84.7	80.4	88.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,430	1,315	1,110	8.1	9.5	6.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,980	1,260	715	6.6	9.1	4.5
Commute to a different province or territory	170	140	35	0.6	1.0	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	37,620	19,600	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	32,640	17,040	15,595	86.8	86.9	86.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	30,370	16,055	14,320	80.7	81.9	79.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,265	990	1,275	6.0	5.1	7.1
Public transit	1,520	685	835	4.0	3.5	4.6
Walked	1,975	925	1,045	5.2	4.7	5.8
Bicycle	525	360	165	1.4	1.8	0.9
Other method	960	585	380	2.6	3.0	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	37,620	19,600	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	17,275	8,015	9,260	45.9	40.9	51.4
15 to 29 minutes	13,555	7,165	6,395	36.0	36.6	35.5
30 to 44 minutes	3,905	2,390	1,520	10.4	12.2	8.4
45 to 59 minutes	1,115	710	405	3.0	3.6	2.2
60 minutes and over	1,760	1,320	440	4.7	6.7	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	37,620	19,600	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,920	1,415	500	5.1	7.2	2.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,795	3,185	1,610	12.7	16.3	8.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,080	5,340	4,740	26.8	27.2	26.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,110	4,030	5,080	24.2	20.6	28.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,615	2,360	3,255	14.9	12.0	18.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,105	3,270	2,835	16.2	16.7	15.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,240	8,890	8,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,365	690	675	7.9	7.8	8.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,875	8,200	7,670	92.1	92.2	91.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,875	6,615	6,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,080	540	540	8.4	8.2	8.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	605	280	325	4.7	4.2	5.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	470	260	215	3.7	3.9	3.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,800	6,075	5,720	91.7	91.8	91.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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