Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Cowichan Valley B, Regional district electoral area (RDA)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	8,994	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	8,558	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	3,891	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	3,452	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	29.4	...	...	29.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	306.08	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	8,995	4,510	4,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	1,490	750	745	16.6	16.6	16.6
0 to 4 years	395	185	210	4.4	4.1	4.7
5 to 9 years	550	270	285	6.1	6.0	6.4
10 to 14 years	545	295	250	6.1	6.5	5.6
15 to 64 years	5,885	2,960	2,930	65.4	65.6	65.3
15 to 19 years	530	285	250	5.9	6.3	5.6
20 to 24 years	355	200	155	3.9	4.4	3.5
25 to 29 years	380	185	190	4.2	4.1	4.2
30 to 34 years	570	280	290	6.3	6.2	6.5
35 to 39 years	645	325	325	7.2	7.2	7.2
40 to 44 years	615	305	315	6.8	6.8	7.0
45 to 49 years	585	285	300	6.5	6.3	6.7
50 to 54 years	640	310	325	7.1	6.9	7.2
55 to 59 years	810	405	405	9.0	9.0	9.0
60 to 64 years	760	370	390	8.4	8.2	8.7
65 years and over	1,615	805	815	18.0	17.8	18.2
65 to 69 years	660	325	335	7.3	7.2	7.5
70 to 74 years	450	225	225	5.0	5.0	5.0
75 to 79 years	225	110	120	2.5	2.4	2.7
80 to 84 years	145	70	70	1.6	1.6	1.6
85 years and over	125	70	60	1.4	1.6	1.3
85 to 89 years	80	45	35	0.9	1.0	0.8
90 to 94 years	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
95 to 99 years	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	16.6	16.6	16.6	16.6	16.6
15 to 64 years	65.4	65.6	65.3	65.4	65.6	65.3
65 years and over	18.0	17.8	18.2	18.0	17.8	18.2
85 years and over	1.4	1.6	1.3	1.4	1.6	1.3
Average age of the population	42.5	42.3	42.8	42.5	42.3	42.8
Median age of the population	44.4	43.6	44.8	44.4	43.6	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	3,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	3,045	...	...	88.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	15	...	...	0.4	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	85	...	...	2.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	295	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	3,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	705	...	...	20.4	...	...
2 persons	1,355	...	...	39.3	...	...
3 persons	555	...	...	16.1	...	...
4 persons	540	...	...	15.7	...	...
5 or more persons	295	...	...	8.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	8,870	4,440	4,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	7,500	3,760	3,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	4,830	2,405	2,425	64.4	64.0	64.8
Married	3,795	1,895	1,905	50.6	50.4	50.9
Living common-law	1,035	510	525	13.8	13.6	14.0
Living common law - Never married	705	345	355	9.4	9.2	9.5
Living common law - Separated	45	20	20	0.6	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	260	135	130	3.5	3.6	3.5
Living common law - Widowed	25	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	2,670	1,355	1,320	35.6	36.0	35.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,710	980	725	22.8	26.1	19.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	195	90	105	2.6	2.4	2.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	510	230	280	6.8	6.1	7.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	255	55	200	3.4	1.5	5.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	2,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	1,515	...	...	55.6	...	...
3 persons	540	...	...	19.8	...	...
4 persons	515	...	...	18.9	...	...
5 or more persons	160	...	...	5.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	2,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	2,365	...	...	86.8	...	...
Married couples	1,850	...	...	67.9	...	...
With children⁶	880	...	...	32.3	...	...
Without children	970	...	...	35.6	...	...
Common-law couples	515	...	...	18.9	...	...
With children⁶	195	...	...	7.2	...	...
Without children	325	...	...	11.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	355	...	...	13.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	265	...	...	9.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	95	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	8,870	4,440	4,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	7,540	3,770	3,770	85.0	84.9	85.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	4,735	2,355	2,380	53.4	53.0	53.7
Parents in one-parent families	360	95	265	4.1	2.1	6.0
Children⁶	2,450	1,320	1,130	27.6	29.7	25.5
In a two-parent family	1,900	1,020	885	21.4	23.0	20.0
In a one-parent family	545	300	245	6.1	6.8	5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,330	675	660	15.0	15.2	14.9
Living alone	705	355	350	7.9	8.0	7.9
Living with other relatives⁷	190	80	110	2.1	1.8	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	435	235	200	4.9	5.3	4.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	3,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,270	...	...	65.7	...	...
Couple-family households	2,015	...	...	58.3	...	...
With children⁶	920	...	...	26.6	...	...
Without children	1,100	...	...	31.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	255	...	...	7.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	110	...	...	3.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	45	...	...	1.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	190	...	...	5.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	130	...	...	3.8	...	...
One-person households	705	...	...	20.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	7,385	3,695	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,195	3,600	3,595	97.4	97.4	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	54,400	38,800	45,200	54,400	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,205	3,600	3,600	97.6	97.4	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	47,600	35,600	40,800	47,600	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,620	3,345	3,275	89.6	90.5	88.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	50,400	29,800	39,200	50,400	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,305	2,695	2,610	71.8	72.9	70.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	54,000	32,000	41,600	54,000	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,710	2,640	3,075	77.3	71.4	83.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	8,900	10,300	9,600	8,900	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	570	265	310	7.7	7.2	8.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	6,000	5,520	5,640	6,000	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,755	790	960	23.8	21.4	26.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	6,000	8,000	8,000	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	7,385	3,695	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,170	3,580	3,590	97.1	96.9	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,100	62,550	45,680	54,100	62,550	45,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,180	3,585	3,590	97.2	97.0	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,920	52,050	39,800	45,920	52,050	39,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,595	3,310	3,285	89.3	89.6	89.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	59,200	39,120	49,200	59,200	39,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,305	2,710	2,595	71.8	73.3	70.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,800	58,950	40,240	49,800	58,950	40,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,765	2,665	3,100	78.1	72.1	84.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,000	10,500	11,430	11,000	10,500	11,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	570	265	305	7.7	7.2	8.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,280	6,450	8,000	7,280	6,450	8,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,760	775	985	23.8	21.0	26.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,920	8,300	9,400	8,920	8,300	9,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	7,380	3,695	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,475	1,470	1,005	33.5	39.8	27.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,000	74,000	60,400	68,000	74,000	60,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,800	82,500	68,400	76,800	82,500	68,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,105	880	1,220	28.5	23.8	33.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	26,400	17,400	20,400	26,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,280	36,400	25,850	30,280	36,400	25,850
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.6	87.6	78.4	83.6	87.6	78.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.2	71.2	63.8	68.2	71.2	63.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.4	12.5	21.6	16.4	12.5	21.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.5	1.1	0.8	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	3.5	7.1	5.0	3.5	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	2.9	5.7	4.1	2.9	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	7,380	3,695	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	195	100	95	2.6	2.7	2.6
With total income	7,190	3,595	3,600	97.4	97.3	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	655	290	370	9.1	8.1	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	755	315	440	10.5	8.8	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	965	400	565	13.4	11.1	15.7
$30,000 to $39,999	805	325	475	11.2	9.0	13.2
$40,000 to $49,999	710	310	400	9.9	8.6	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	725	345	380	10.1	9.6	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	630	340	285	8.8	9.5	7.9
$70,000 to $79,999	445	260	185	6.2	7.2	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	360	215	145	5.0	6.0	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	305	195	110	4.2	5.4	3.1
$100,000 and over	845	595	250	11.8	16.6	6.9
$100,000 to $149,999	610	415	190	8.5	11.5	5.3
$150,000 and over	235	180	60	3.3	5.0	1.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	7,380	3,695	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	185	90	90	2.5	2.4	2.4
With after-tax income	7,200	3,605	3,600	97.6	97.6	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	685	300	390	9.5	8.3	10.8
$10,000 to $19,999	795	330	460	11.0	9.2	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	1,080	450	635	15.0	12.5	17.6
$30,000 to $39,999	945	400	545	13.1	11.1	15.1
$40,000 to $49,999	920	425	495	12.8	11.8	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	810	435	375	11.3	12.1	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	585	335	250	8.1	9.3	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	430	280	155	6.0	7.8	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	320	195	120	4.4	5.4	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	205	150	60	2.8	4.2	1.7
$100,000 and over	420	310	110	5.8	8.6	3.1
$100,000 to $124,999	230	165	60	3.2	4.6	1.7
$125,000 and over	190	145	50	2.6	4.0	1.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	7,380	3,695	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	2,075	995	1,080	28.1	26.9	29.3
With employment income	5,310	2,700	2,610	72.0	73.1	70.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	735	335	400	13.8	12.4	15.3
$5,000 to $9,999	380	135	245	7.2	5.0	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	570	230	340	10.7	8.5	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	460	190	270	8.7	7.0	10.3
$30,000 to $39,999	450	210	240	8.5	7.8	9.2
$40,000 to $49,999	400	170	235	7.5	6.3	9.0
$50,000 to $59,999	445	220	225	8.4	8.1	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	425	240	185	8.0	8.9	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	335	200	130	6.3	7.4	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	285	175	105	5.4	6.5	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	235	165	70	4.4	6.1	2.7
$100,000 and over	590	430	160	11.1	15.9	6.1
$100,000 to $124,999	315	220	95	5.9	8.1	3.6
$125,000 and over	275	215	65	5.2	8.0	2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	7,385	3,695	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,990	3,485	3,505	94.7	94.3	95.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	54,800	36,400	44,400	54,800	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,005	3,485	3,520	94.9	94.3	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	47,200	32,400	39,200	47,200	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,545	3,300	3,240	88.6	89.3	87.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	52,400	32,800	41,200	52,400	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	5,450	2,785	2,665	73.8	75.4	72.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	54,000	33,200	41,200	54,000	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,445	1,865	2,575	60.2	50.5	69.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,550	8,500	7,050	7,550	8,500	7,050
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	460	205	250	6.2	5.5	6.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,000	5,120	4,960	5,000	5,120	4,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	7,385	3,695	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,990	3,485	3,505	94.7	94.3	95.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,200	63,700	42,720	53,200	63,700	42,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,005	3,485	3,520	94.9	94.3	95.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,240	51,900	36,680	44,240	51,900	36,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,545	3,275	3,275	88.6	88.6	88.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,800	62,700	38,880	50,800	62,700	38,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,495	2,790	2,705	74.4	75.5	73.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,560	59,850	38,960	49,560	59,850	38,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,425	1,805	2,620	59.9	48.8	71.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,850	9,300	8,550	8,850	9,300	8,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	440	180	255	6.0	4.9	6.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,480	6,160	6,700	6,480	6,160	6,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	7,380	3,695	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,465	1,440	1,020	33.4	39.0	27.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	74,500	54,800	67,000	74,500	54,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,400	80,800	60,500	72,400	80,800	60,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,990	815	1,180	27.0	22.1	32.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600	32,800	24,400	26,600	32,800	24,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,560	44,900	30,750	36,560	44,900	30,750
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.4	92.4	85.0	89.4	92.4	85.0
Employment income (%)	73.2	75.2	70.4	73.2	75.2	70.4
Government transfers (%)	10.5	7.6	14.9	10.5	7.6	14.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.1	0.8	0.5	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	3,450	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	2,750	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	3,450	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	112,300	...	...	112,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,500	...	...	95,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	710	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,300	...	...	55,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	46,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	2,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,100	...	...	108,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	3,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	35	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	20	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	55	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	80	...	...	2.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	55	...	...	1.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	80	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	95	...	...	2.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	115	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	100	...	...	2.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	240	...	...	7.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	195	...	...	5.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	220	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	190	...	...	5.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	230	...	...	6.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,720	...	...	49.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	455	...	...	13.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	400	...	...	11.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	480	...	...	13.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	385	...	...	11.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	3,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	20	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	60	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	90	...	...	2.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	75	...	...	2.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	75	...	...	2.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	125	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	140	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	140	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	240	...	...	7.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	275	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	235	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	265	...	...	7.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	225	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,440	...	...	41.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	530	...	...	15.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	350	...	...	10.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	560	...	...	16.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	2,655	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,170	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,085	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	144,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	325	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,140	595	550	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	42,800	38,000	40,400	42,800	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	38,400	35,200	37,200	38,400	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	2,680	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,300	...	...	125,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,500	...	...	106,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,200	...	...	110,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,400	...	...	94,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,200	...	...	153,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,065	550	520	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,700	52,000	45,200	48,700	52,000	45,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,400	43,600	39,000	41,400	43,600	39,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	8,870	4,445	4,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	1,815	915	900	20.5	20.6	20.3
0 to 5 years	485	230	255	5.5	5.2	5.8
18 to 64 years	5,480	2,740	2,740	61.8	61.6	61.9
65 years and over	1,580	785	790	17.8	17.7	17.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	645	320	330	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	145	80	70	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	35	25	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	365	180	185	...	...	...
65 years and over	135	65	75	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.3	7.2	7.4	7.3	7.2	7.4
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	8.4	7.6	8.0	8.4	7.6
0 to 5 years (%)	7.2	9.0	6.0	7.2	9.0	6.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.6	6.6	6.7	6.6	6.6	6.7
65 years and over (%)	8.8	8.0	9.6	8.8	8.0	9.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	8,870	4,440	4,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	1,815	915	895	20.5	20.6	20.2
0 to 5 years	485	235	250	5.5	5.3	5.6
18 to 64 years	5,480	2,735	2,740	61.8	61.6	61.9
65 years and over	1,575	790	790	17.8	17.8	17.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	245	125	120	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	45	20	25	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	5	0	5	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	180	95	90	...	...	...
65 years and over	15	10	10	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.6	2.2	3.0	2.6	2.2	3.0
0 to 5 years (%)	1.0	x	x	1.0	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.6	3.2	3.4	3.6	3.2
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	8,870	4,445	4,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	3,670	1,805	1,860	41.4	40.6	42.0
In bottom decile	700	340	355	7.9	7.6	8.0
In second decile	670	320	350	7.6	7.2	7.9
In third decile	680	330	350	7.7	7.4	7.9
In fourth decile	760	370	385	8.6	8.3	8.7
In fifth decile	860	440	420	9.7	9.9	9.5
In top half of the distribution	5,205	2,640	2,565	58.7	59.4	57.9
In sixth decile	970	465	505	10.9	10.5	11.4
In seventh decile	950	475	475	10.7	10.7	10.7
In eighth decile	1,120	560	565	12.6	12.6	12.8
In ninth decile	1,190	620	575	13.4	13.9	13.0
In top decile	970	515	455	10.9	11.6	10.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	8,870	...	...	8,870	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.294	...	...	0.294	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.380	...	...	0.380	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.263	...	...	0.263	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	8,960	4,495	4,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	8,285	4,185	4,105	92.5	93.1	91.9
French only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	665	315	355	7.4	7.0	8.0
Neither English nor French	5	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	8,960	4,495	4,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	8,865	4,445	4,420	98.9	98.9	99.0
French	80	50	35	0.9	1.1	0.8
English and French	5	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	8,960	4,495	4,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	8,860	4,460	4,400	98.9	99.2	98.5
Official languages	8,530	4,315	4,215	95.2	96.0	94.4
English	8,445	4,265	4,180	94.3	94.9	93.6
French	90	50	35	1.0	1.1	0.8
Non-official languages	330	145	185	3.7	3.2	4.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	330	145	185	3.7	3.2	4.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	250	115	135	2.8	2.6	3.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	20	25	0.4	0.4	0.6
Baltic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	140	60	80	1.6	1.3	1.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	80	30	55	0.9	0.7	1.2
German	80	30	50	0.9	0.7	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	20	25	0.6	0.4	0.6
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	20	25	0.5	0.4	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	20	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	10	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korean	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	20	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	5	0.2	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	100	40	60	1.1	0.9	1.3
English and French	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.6	0.6	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	8,960	4,495	4,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	8,625	4,355	4,270	96.3	96.9	95.6
French	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-official language	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	80	35	45	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	210	90	120	2.3	2.0	2.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	8,960	4,495	4,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	8,925	4,490	4,440	99.6	99.9	99.4
Official languages	8,865	4,460	4,405	98.9	99.2	98.7
English	8,865	4,460	4,405	98.9	99.2	98.7
French	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-official languages	65	25	35	0.7	0.6	0.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	65	25	35	0.7	0.6	0.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	30	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	35	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.4
English and French	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.2	0.1	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	8,960	4,500	4,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	8,680	4,380	4,305	96.9	97.3	96.4
English	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
French	70	30	40	0.8	0.7	0.9
Non-official language	160	70	90	1.8	1.6	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	160	70	90	1.8	1.6	2.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	8,870	4,445	4,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	8,865	4,445	4,425	99.9	100.0	100.0
English	8,865	4,445	4,425	99.9	100.0	100.0
French	665	310	355	7.5	7.0	8.0
Non-official languages	625	265	365	7.0	6.0	8.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	625	265	365	7.0	6.0	8.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	530	210	320	6.0	4.7	7.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	25	35	0.7	0.6	0.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	55	20	35	0.6	0.4	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	225	90	130	2.5	2.0	2.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	135	50	85	1.5	1.1	1.9
German	125	50	75	1.4	1.1	1.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	30	55	1.0	0.7	1.2
Afrikaans	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Dutch	65	20	45	0.7	0.4	1.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	45	25	25	0.5	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	40	15	25	0.5	0.3	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	200	80	120	2.3	1.8	2.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.3
Portuguese	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	165	60	105	1.9	1.3	2.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	20	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	8,870	4,445	4,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	555	310	250	6.3	7.0	5.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	530	295	235	6.0	6.6	5.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	240	135	105	2.7	3.0	2.4
Métis	290	160	130	3.3	3.6	2.9
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	8,310	4,135	4,180	93.7	93.0	94.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	8,870	4,445	4,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	145	75	75	1.6	1.7	1.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	8,725	4,370	4,355	98.4	98.3	98.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	3,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	3,015	...	...	87.4	...	...
Renter	440	...	...	12.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	3,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	35	...	...	1.0	...	...
Not condominium	3,415	...	...	99.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	3,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
1 bedroom	255	...	...	7.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	750	...	...	21.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,350	...	...	39.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,100	...	...	31.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	3,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	620	...	...	18.0	...	...
5 rooms	525	...	...	15.2	...	...
6 rooms	520	...	...	15.1	...	...
7 rooms	500	...	...	14.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,295	...	...	37.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	3,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	3,415	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	40	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	3,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	3,325	...	...	96.4	...	...
Not suitable	130	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	3,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	280	...	...	8.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	710	...	...	20.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	750	...	...	21.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	705	...	...	20.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	270	...	...	7.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	325	...	...	9.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	240	...	...	7.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	160	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	3,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	3,240	...	...	93.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	210	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	3,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	1,390	...	...	40.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	1,815	...	...	52.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	250	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	3,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	40	...	...	1.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	325	...	...	9.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	635	...	...	18.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	665	...	...	19.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	885	...	...	25.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	645	...	...	18.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	195	...	...	5.7	...	...
85 years and over	60	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	3,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	2,745	...	...	80.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	675	...	...	19.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	580	...	...	17.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	3,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	935	...	...	27.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	610	...	...	17.7	...	...
Not suitable only	105	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	145	...	...	4.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	2,520	...	...	73.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	3,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	150	...	...	4.5	...	...
Not in core need	3,175	...	...	95.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,985	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.3	...	...	66.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.4	...	...	17.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,620	...	...	1,620	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,620	...	...	1,620	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	700,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	787,000	...	...	787,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	435	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.6	...	...	35.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.9	...	...	13.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,260	...	...	1,260	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	1,350	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	8,875	4,440	4,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	100	60	45	1.1	1.4	1.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	95	50	45	1.1	1.1	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	60	25	35	0.7	0.6	0.8
Métis single ancestry	25	25	10	0.3	0.6	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	530	305	220	6.0	6.9	5.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	500	300	200	5.6	6.8	4.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	370	235	140	4.2	5.3	3.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	125	65	65	1.4	1.5	1.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	8,235	4,075	4,155	92.8	91.8	93.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	8,870	4,440	4,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	8,655	4,345	4,310	97.6	97.9	97.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,805	910	895	20.3	20.5	20.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	6,850	3,435	3,420	77.2	77.4	77.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	220	95	120	2.5	2.1	2.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	8,870	4,440	4,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	8,085	4,065	4,020	91.1	91.6	90.7
Immigrants⁸¹	750	370	385	8.5	8.3	8.7
Before 1980	370	195	180	4.2	4.4	4.1
1980 to 1990	100	30	75	1.1	0.7	1.7
1991 to 2000	75	30	45	0.8	0.7	1.0
2001 to 2010	90	45	40	1.0	1.0	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	110	60	45	1.2	1.4	1.0
2011 to 2015	80	50	25	0.9	1.1	0.6
2016 to 2021	35	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	35	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	755	365	385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	85	40	45	11.3	11.0	11.7
5 to 14 years	190	95	90	25.2	26.0	23.4
15 to 24 years	155	60	100	20.5	16.4	26.0
25 to 44 years	265	140	125	35.1	38.4	32.5
45 years and over	55	30	25	7.3	8.2	6.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	755	365	385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	160	50	110	21.2	13.7	28.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	10	2.0	0.0	2.6
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	130	40	90	17.2	11.0	23.4
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Europe	460	240	225	60.9	65.8	58.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	1.3	2.7	0.0
Germany	60	35	20	7.9	9.6	5.2
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	0	20	2.6	0.0	5.2
Italy	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	30	10	20	4.0	2.7	5.2
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	10	10	0	1.3	2.7	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	245	125	120	32.5	34.2	31.2
Other places of birth in Europe	55	25	30	7.3	6.8	7.8
Africa	40	30	10	5.3	8.2	2.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	0	2.6	4.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	0	2.0	2.7	0.0
Asia	55	25	25	7.3	6.8	6.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	10	20	4.0	2.7	5.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40	25	10	5.3	6.8	2.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	30	10	25	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	10	0	10	33.3	0.0	40.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	10	0	10	33.3	0.0	40.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	10	0	0	33.3	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	8,870	4,445	4,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	940	450	490	10.6	10.1	11.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,640	780	860	18.5	17.5	19.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	6,290	3,215	3,075	70.9	72.3	69.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	380	175	205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	170	80	85	44.7	45.7	41.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	85	55	30	22.4	31.4	14.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	85	25	55	22.4	14.3	26.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	200	90	105	52.6	51.4	51.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10	0	10	2.6	0.0	4.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	380	175	205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	10	2.6	0.0	4.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	95	50	45	25.0	28.6	22.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	20	10	10	5.3	5.7	4.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	240	110	125	63.2	62.9	61.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	8,870	4,445	4,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	315	140	175	3.6	3.1	4.0
South Asian	55	20	35	0.6	0.4	0.8
Chinese	35	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Black	95	35	55	1.1	0.8	1.2
Filipino	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin American	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.5
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Asian	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	8,560	4,305	4,255	96.5	96.9	96.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	8,870	4,440	4,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	1,225	610	615	13.8	13.7	13.9
English	3,475	1,660	1,810	39.2	37.4	40.9
Irish	1,830	870	960	20.6	19.6	21.7
Scottish	2,675	1,315	1,365	30.2	29.6	30.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,010	495	510	11.4	11.1	11.5
German	1,320	625	695	14.9	14.1	15.7
Chinese	80	40	40	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italian	320	195	115	3.6	4.4	2.6
Indian (India)	80	35	45	0.9	0.8	1.0
Ukrainian	475	240	235	5.4	5.4	5.3
Dutch	530	255	270	6.0	5.7	6.1
Polish	380	180	200	4.3	4.1	4.5
Québécois	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	525	230	295	5.9	5.2	6.7
Filipino	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
French Canadian	90	50	40	1.0	1.1	0.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	125	65	60	1.4	1.5	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	235	125	105	2.6	2.8	2.4
Métis	190	95	95	2.1	2.1	2.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	275	140	135	3.1	3.2	3.0
Russian	175	95	80	2.0	2.1	1.8
Norwegian	390	225	160	4.4	5.1	3.6
Welsh	305	115	190	3.4	2.6	4.3
Portuguese	50	25	20	0.6	0.6	0.5
American	160	60	100	1.8	1.4	2.3
Spanish	45	25	20	0.5	0.6	0.5
Swedish	200	85	115	2.3	1.9	2.6
Hungarian	70	30	45	0.8	0.7	1.0
Acadian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	45	20	25	0.5	0.5	0.6
Jewish	25	20	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	25	25	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jamaican	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	90	65	25	1.0	1.5	0.6
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	55	25	25	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Danish	210	105	105	2.4	2.4	2.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	35	25	20	0.4	0.6	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	170	95	75	1.9	2.1	1.7
Belgian	35	25	10	0.4	0.6	0.2
Haitian	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	35	20	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	70	35	35	0.8	0.8	0.8
Finnish	115	55	60	1.3	1.2	1.4
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	55	35	20	0.6	0.8	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	50	35	15	0.6	0.8	0.3
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	80	30	45	0.9	0.7	1.0
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Slovak	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
South African	45	15	30	0.5	0.3	0.7
Australian	65	20	40	0.7	0.5	0.9
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	25	10	0.3	0.6	0.2
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	85	60	30	1.0	1.4	0.7
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	45	30	15	0.5	0.7	0.3
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	8,870	4,445	4,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	40	10	30	0.5	0.2	0.7
Christian	2,545	1,140	1,410	28.7	25.6	31.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	680	320	355	7.7	7.2	8.0
Anabaptist	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Anglican	405	160	245	4.6	3.6	5.5
Baptist	60	30	30	0.7	0.7	0.7
Catholic	680	290	390	7.7	6.5	8.8
Christian Orthodox	40	20	20	0.5	0.4	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.5
Latter Day Saints	45	20	25	0.5	0.4	0.6
Lutheran	35	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	35	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.5
Presbyterian	40	30	10	0.5	0.7	0.2
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	300	145	155	3.4	3.3	3.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	185	80	105	2.1	1.8	2.4
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Muslim	25	15	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
Sikh	35	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	135	60	80	1.5	1.3	1.8
No religion and secular perspectives	6,080	3,205	2,870	68.5	72.1	64.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	8,820	4,410	4,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	8,055	4,065	3,995	91.3	92.2	90.6
Movers	765	345	415	8.7	7.8	9.4
Non-migrants	240	85	150	2.7	1.9	3.4
Migrants	530	260	265	6.0	5.9	6.0
Internal migrants	515	260	260	5.8	5.9	5.9
Intraprovincial migrants	445	230	220	5.0	5.2	5.0
Interprovincial migrants	65	25	45	0.7	0.6	1.0
External migrants	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	8,505	4,240	4,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	5,070	2,515	2,550	59.6	59.3	59.8
Movers	3,435	1,725	1,715	40.4	40.7	40.2
Non-migrants	630	325	300	7.4	7.7	7.0
Migrants	2,810	1,400	1,410	33.0	33.0	33.1
Internal migrants	2,690	1,350	1,335	31.6	31.8	31.3
Intraprovincial migrants	2,280	1,140	1,140	26.8	26.9	26.7
Interprovincial migrants	410	210	195	4.8	5.0	4.6
External migrants	120	45	70	1.4	1.1	1.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,385	3,695	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,145	650	490	15.5	17.6	13.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	6,245	3,040	3,200	84.6	82.3	86.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,935	2,435	2,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	525	340	190	10.6	14.0	7.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	4,410	2,095	2,315	89.4	86.0	92.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,385	3,695	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	910	500	410	12.3	13.5	11.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,345	1,240	1,105	31.8	33.6	29.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,130	1,955	2,175	55.9	52.9	58.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,870	1,440	1,440	38.9	39.0	39.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,000	760	245	13.5	20.6	6.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	360	180	175	4.9	4.9	4.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	640	575	70	8.7	15.6	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,590	580	1,010	21.5	15.7	27.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	285	100	185	3.9	2.7	5.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,260	515	740	17.1	13.9	20.1
Bachelor's degree	820	325	500	11.1	8.8	13.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	95	35	60	1.3	0.9	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Master's degree	280	125	155	3.8	3.4	4.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,935	2,435	2,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	385	245	140	7.8	10.1	5.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,395	710	690	28.3	29.2	27.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,150	1,480	1,675	63.8	60.8	67.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,215	1,120	1,095	44.9	46.0	43.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	735	565	165	14.9	23.2	6.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	240	125	120	4.9	5.1	4.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	495	445	50	10.0	18.3	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,255	465	790	25.4	19.1	31.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	225	90	140	4.6	3.7	5.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	940	360	580	19.0	14.8	23.2
Bachelor's degree	600	220	375	12.2	9.0	15.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	70	15	60	1.4	0.6	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	230	100	130	4.7	4.1	5.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25	10	10	0.5	0.4	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	7,385	3,695	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,255	1,740	1,515	44.1	47.1	41.1
Education	275	55	215	3.7	1.5	5.8
13. Education	275	55	215	3.7	1.5	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	120	70	55	1.6	1.9	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	105	65	45	1.4	1.8	1.2
Humanities	140	40	100	1.9	1.1	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
54. History	40	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	470	165	300	6.4	4.5	8.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50	20	25	0.7	0.5	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	95	0	95	1.3	0.0	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	55	20	35	0.7	0.5	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	25	10	0.5	0.7	0.3
42. Psychology	70	0	65	0.9	0.0	1.8
45. Social sciences	160	90	70	2.2	2.4	1.9
Business, management and public administration	590	170	425	8.0	4.6	11.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	65	10	50	0.9	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	530	160	370	7.2	4.3	10.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	115	65	50	1.6	1.8	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	45	25	20	0.6	0.7	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	40	25	10	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	100	70	30	1.4	1.9	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	80	65	15	1.1	1.8	0.4
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,035	980	60	14.0	26.5	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
14. Engineering	85	80	10	1.2	2.2	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	205	170	30	2.8	4.6	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	380	370	0	5.1	10.0	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	240	235	0	3.2	6.4	0.0
48. Precision production	125	120	0	1.7	3.2	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	235	130	100	3.2	3.5	2.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	130	60	70	1.8	1.6	1.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	100	70	35	1.4	1.9	0.9
Health and related fields	780	85	695	10.6	2.3	18.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	65	35	35	0.9	0.9	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	705	55	650	9.5	1.5	17.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	275	115	160	3.7	3.1	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	145	20	120	2.0	0.5	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
43. Security and protective services	45	10	35	0.6	0.3	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	75	75	0	1.0	2.0	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	4,935	2,430	2,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,780	955	830	36.1	39.3	33.1
Education	175	30	145	3.5	1.2	5.8
13. Education	175	30	145	3.5	1.2	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	100	60	40	2.0	2.5	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	90	50	40	1.8	2.1	1.6
Humanities	85	25	60	1.7	1.0	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.6
54. History	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	395	145	250	8.0	6.0	10.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	25	20	0.8	1.0	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	75	0	70	1.5	0.0	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	50	20	30	1.0	0.8	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	20	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
42. Psychology	65	0	55	1.3	0.0	2.2
45. Social sciences	140	75	65	2.8	3.1	2.6
Business, management and public administration	485	135	350	9.8	5.6	14.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	50	0	45	1.0	0.0	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	435	130	310	8.8	5.3	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	90	45	45	1.8	1.9	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	35	20	20	0.7	0.8	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	10	15	0.6	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	30	15	10	0.6	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	80	60	25	1.6	2.5	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	70	55	20	1.4	2.3	0.8
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	775	735	45	15.7	30.2	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
14. Engineering	70	65	0	1.4	2.7	0.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	140	120	20	2.8	4.9	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	270	260	0	5.5	10.7	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	220	215	0	4.5	8.8	0.0
48. Precision production	75	70	0	1.5	2.9	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	190	100	90	3.9	4.1	3.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	110	50	60	2.2	2.1	2.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	50	30	1.6	2.1	1.2
Health and related fields	565	60	505	11.4	2.5	20.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	45	15	30	0.9	0.6	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	515	40	470	10.4	1.6	18.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	210	95	120	4.3	3.9	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	105	10	90	2.1	0.4	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	35	15	25	0.7	0.6	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	60	60	0	1.2	2.5	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	4,935	2,430	2,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,780	955	830	36.1	39.3	33.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	3,155	1,480	1,675	63.9	60.9	66.9
Location of study inside Canada	2,900	1,350	1,550	58.8	55.6	61.9
Same as province or territory of residence	2,310	1,100	1,220	46.8	45.3	48.7
Different than province or territory of residence	585	255	330	11.9	10.5	13.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	250	130	125	5.1	5.3	5.0
Americas	110	55	55	2.2	2.3	2.2
United States of America	95	50	45	1.9	2.1	1.8
Mexico	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	90	40	45	1.8	1.6	1.8
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	25	35	1.2	1.0	1.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	25	20	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Australia	20	20	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	7,385	3,695	3,690	...	...	...
In the labour force	4,875	2,565	2,310	...	...	...
Employed	4,575	2,375	2,200	...	...	...
Unemployed	300	190	110	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	2,510	1,130	1,380	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.0	69.4	62.6	66.0	69.4	62.6
Employment rate	61.9	64.3	59.6	61.9	64.3	59.6
Unemployment rate	6.2	7.4	4.8	6.2	7.4	4.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	7,385	3,695	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	2,505	1,190	1,315	33.9	32.2	35.6
Worked	4,875	2,510	2,370	66.0	67.9	64.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	2,550	1,515	1,040	34.5	41.0	28.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,325	990	1,335	31.5	26.8	36.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	42.8	40.1	41.5	42.8	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	4,880	2,565	2,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	80	50	35	1.6	1.9	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	4,795	2,515	2,280	98.3	98.1	98.5
Employee	3,645	1,875	1,770	74.7	73.1	76.5
Permanent position	3,145	1,685	1,460	64.4	65.7	63.1
Temporary position	500	190	310	10.2	7.4	13.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	120	40	85	2.5	1.6	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	375	150	225	7.7	5.8	9.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,150	645	510	23.6	25.1	22.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	4,880	2,565	2,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	80	50	35	1.6	1.9	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	4,795	2,515	2,280	98.3	98.1	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	70	60	15	1.4	2.3	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	740	145	595	15.2	5.7	25.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	310	245	65	6.4	9.6	2.8
3 Health occupations	405	55	350	8.3	2.1	15.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	525	145	385	10.8	5.7	16.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	180	85	100	3.7	3.3	4.3
6 Sales and service occupations	970	385	585	19.9	15.0	25.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,225	1,110	110	25.1	43.3	4.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	240	175	60	4.9	6.8	2.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	130	115	10	2.7	4.5	0.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	4,880	2,565	2,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	80	50	35	1.6	1.9	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	4,795	2,515	2,280	98.3	98.1	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	185	125	60	3.8	4.9	2.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	35	25	10	0.7	1.0	0.4
22 Utilities	25	20	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
23 Construction	690	610	75	14.1	23.8	3.2
31-33 Manufacturing	280	260	25	5.7	10.1	1.1
41 Wholesale trade	95	55	35	1.9	2.1	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	405	190	210	8.3	7.4	9.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	135	85	45	2.8	3.3	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	45	30	10	0.9	1.2	0.4
52 Finance and insurance	125	40	85	2.6	1.6	3.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	80	60	20	1.6	2.3	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	345	170	175	7.1	6.6	7.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	250	150	95	5.1	5.8	4.1
61 Educational services	400	105	295	8.2	4.1	12.7
62 Health care and social assistance	670	95	575	13.7	3.7	24.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	135	60	75	2.8	2.3	3.2
72 Accommodation and food services	200	80	125	4.1	3.1	5.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	255	115	145	5.2	4.5	6.3
91 Public administration	435	225	205	8.9	8.8	8.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	5,295	2,740	2,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	5,220	2,730	2,490	98.6	99.6	97.5
French	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	45	10	35	0.8	0.4	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	20	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	5,295	2,740	2,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	5,285	2,740	2,545	99.8	100.0	99.6
Official languages	5,280	2,740	2,540	99.7	100.0	99.4
English	5,260	2,735	2,525	99.3	99.8	98.8
French	20	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.4
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
English and French	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	5,295	2,740	2,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	5,245	2,730	2,515	99.1	99.6	98.4
English	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
French	20	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.8
Non-official language	20	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	4,580	2,375	2,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,055	490	570	23.0	20.6	25.9
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,005	705	300	21.9	29.7	13.6
Usual place of work	2,520	1,180	1,340	55.0	49.7	60.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	2,525	1,180	1,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	450	175	270	17.8	14.8	20.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,075	430	645	42.6	36.4	48.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	980	560	420	38.8	47.5	31.2
Commute to a different province or territory	15	10	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	3,525	1,885	1,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	3,245	1,770	1,475	92.1	93.9	89.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	3,075	1,680	1,400	87.2	89.1	85.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	170	95	75	4.8	5.0	4.6
Public transit	25	15	20	0.7	0.8	1.2
Walked	130	35	95	3.7	1.9	5.8
Bicycle	25	15	10	0.7	0.8	0.6
Other method	90	50	40	2.6	2.7	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	3,525	1,885	1,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	740	300	440	21.0	15.9	26.8
15 to 29 minutes	1,010	520	495	28.7	27.6	30.2
30 to 44 minutes	775	440	335	22.0	23.3	20.4
45 to 59 minutes	555	355	200	15.7	18.8	12.2
60 minutes and over	435	265	170	12.3	14.1	10.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	3,525	1,885	1,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	245	155	90	7.0	8.2	5.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	680	495	190	19.3	26.3	11.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,035	555	480	29.4	29.4	29.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	675	255	420	19.1	13.5	25.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	390	145	245	11.1	7.7	14.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	495	290	210	14.0	15.4	12.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	1,845	940	910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	150	85	75	8.1	9.0	8.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,695	860	835	91.9	91.5	91.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,420	740	680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	125	65	55	8.8	8.8	8.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	80	45	35	5.6	6.1	5.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	40	20	20	2.8	2.7	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,300	675	625	91.5	91.2	91.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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