Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Langford, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	46,584	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	35,342	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	31.8	...	...	31.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	19,968	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	19,050	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,124.4	...	...	1,124.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	41.43	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	46,585	22,705	23,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	8,005	4,040	3,960	17.2	17.8	16.6
0 to 4 years	2,685	1,315	1,370	5.8	5.8	5.7
5 to 9 years	2,765	1,430	1,335	5.9	6.3	5.6
10 to 14 years	2,550	1,300	1,250	5.5	5.7	5.2
15 to 64 years	32,175	15,840	16,330	69.1	69.8	68.4
15 to 19 years	2,380	1,225	1,155	5.1	5.4	4.8
20 to 24 years	2,620	1,365	1,260	5.6	6.0	5.3
25 to 29 years	3,605	1,770	1,835	7.7	7.8	7.7
30 to 34 years	3,955	1,905	2,050	8.5	8.4	8.6
35 to 39 years	4,150	2,040	2,105	8.9	9.0	8.8
40 to 44 years	3,605	1,820	1,785	7.7	8.0	7.5
45 to 49 years	3,190	1,520	1,675	6.8	6.7	7.0
50 to 54 years	2,975	1,475	1,500	6.4	6.5	6.3
55 to 59 years	2,985	1,430	1,555	6.4	6.3	6.5
60 to 64 years	2,720	1,300	1,415	5.8	5.7	5.9
65 years and over	6,405	2,820	3,585	13.7	12.4	15.0
65 to 69 years	2,195	1,000	1,195	4.7	4.4	5.0
70 to 74 years	1,775	830	945	3.8	3.7	4.0
75 to 79 years	1,135	490	645	2.4	2.2	2.7
80 to 84 years	670	275	400	1.4	1.2	1.7
85 years and over	630	230	400	1.4	1.0	1.7
85 to 89 years	400	155	245	0.9	0.7	1.0
90 to 94 years	180	65	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.2	17.8	16.6	17.2	17.8	16.6
15 to 64 years	69.1	69.8	68.4	69.1	69.8	68.4
65 years and over	13.7	12.4	15.0	13.7	12.4	15.0
85 years and over	1.4	1.0	1.7	1.4	1.0	1.7
Average age of the population	39.1	38.2	39.9	39.1	38.2	39.9
Median age of the population	38.4	37.6	38.8	38.4	37.6	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	19,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	6,695	...	...	35.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	890	...	...	4.7	...	...
Row house	995	...	...	5.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,625	...	...	24.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,740	...	...	19.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,315	...	...	6.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	80	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	715	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	19,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,035	...	...	26.4	...	...
2 persons	6,885	...	...	36.1	...	...
3 persons	3,160	...	...	16.6	...	...
4 persons	2,630	...	...	13.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,340	...	...	7.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	46,190	22,580	23,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	38,580	18,665	19,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	22,740	11,350	11,395	58.9	60.8	57.2
Married	17,340	8,650	8,690	44.9	46.3	43.6
Living common-law	5,405	2,700	2,705	14.0	14.5	13.6
Living common law - Never married	4,085	2,050	2,035	10.6	11.0	10.2
Living common law - Separated	245	140	100	0.6	0.8	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	995	480	510	2.6	2.6	2.6
Living common law - Widowed	80	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	15,835	7,320	8,520	41.0	39.2	42.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	10,245	5,540	4,710	26.6	29.7	23.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,200	455	740	3.1	2.4	3.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,895	1,025	1,875	7.5	5.5	9.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,500	295	1,200	3.9	1.6	6.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	13,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	7,145	...	...	53.4	...	...
3 persons	3,040	...	...	22.7	...	...
4 persons	2,485	...	...	18.6	...	...
5 or more persons	715	...	...	5.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	13,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	11,165	...	...	83.4	...	...
Married couples	8,460	...	...	63.2	...	...
With children⁶	4,575	...	...	34.2	...	...
Without children	3,890	...	...	29.1	...	...
Common-law couples	2,700	...	...	20.2	...	...
With children⁶	905	...	...	6.8	...	...
Without children	1,795	...	...	13.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,220	...	...	16.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,665	...	...	12.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	555	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	46,190	22,580	23,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	37,120	18,310	18,810	80.4	81.1	79.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	22,335	11,150	11,180	48.4	49.4	47.4
Parents in one-parent families	2,215	555	1,660	4.8	2.5	7.0
Children⁶	12,575	6,605	5,970	27.2	29.3	25.3
In a two-parent family	9,370	4,860	4,515	20.3	21.5	19.1
In a one-parent family	3,200	1,745	1,455	6.9	7.7	6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	9,070	4,270	4,800	19.6	18.9	20.3
Living alone	5,035	2,195	2,840	10.9	9.7	12.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,140	475	665	2.5	2.1	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	2,890	1,600	1,290	6.3	7.1	5.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	19,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,255	...	...	59.1	...	...
Couple-family households	9,550	...	...	50.1	...	...
With children⁶	4,685	...	...	24.6	...	...
Without children	4,865	...	...	25.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,705	...	...	9.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	505	...	...	2.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	200	...	...	1.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	965	...	...	5.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,090	...	...	5.7	...	...
One-person households	5,035	...	...	26.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	38,195	18,540	19,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,140	18,015	19,125	97.2	97.2	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	54,400	42,400	47,600	54,400	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,190	18,035	19,150	97.4	97.3	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	48,000	38,400	42,800	48,000	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,485	16,910	17,575	90.3	91.2	89.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	52,000	35,200	43,200	52,000	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,305	14,735	14,570	76.7	79.5	74.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	52,800	38,800	45,600	52,800	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,050	13,440	16,605	78.7	72.5	84.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	6,160	9,000	8,000	6,160	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,425	1,515	1,910	9.0	8.2	9.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,040	5,680	5,480	5,040	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,585	4,375	5,205	25.1	23.6	26.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	38,200	18,540	19,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,185	18,015	19,170	97.3	97.2	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,550	61,050	48,440	54,550	61,050	48,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,220	18,030	19,185	97.4	97.2	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,760	51,450	42,360	46,760	51,450	42,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,580	16,805	17,775	90.5	90.6	90.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,160	58,450	42,320	50,160	58,450	42,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,300	14,695	14,610	76.7	79.3	74.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,440	57,650	43,240	50,440	57,650	43,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,040	13,475	16,565	78.6	72.7	84.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800	8,720	10,680	9,800	8,720	10,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,385	1,425	1,960	8.9	7.7	10.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,540	5,290	7,460	6,540	5,290	7,460
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,540	4,315	5,225	25.0	23.3	26.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,660	8,410	8,860	8,660	8,410	8,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	38,195	18,545	19,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	15,375	8,465	6,910	40.3	45.6	35.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	71,000	56,800	63,200	71,000	56,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,600	75,600	62,200	69,600	75,600	62,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,970	4,845	6,125	28.7	26.1	31.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	25,200	21,000	22,400	25,200	21,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,280	35,120	28,240	31,280	35,120	28,240
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.4	89.4	81.0	85.4	89.4	81.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	72.8	77.0	68.0	72.8	77.0	68.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.5	10.7	19.0	14.5	10.7	19.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.6	1.1	0.7	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	4.0	6.3	5.1	4.0	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.3	5.0	4.1	3.3	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	38,195	18,540	19,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,055	525	525	2.8	2.8	2.7
With total income	37,145	18,015	19,130	97.3	97.2	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,575	1,105	1,465	6.9	6.1	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	3,395	1,360	2,035	9.1	7.5	10.6
$20,000 to $29,999	4,685	1,880	2,805	12.6	10.4	14.7
$30,000 to $39,999	4,520	1,885	2,630	12.2	10.5	13.7
$40,000 to $49,999	4,425	1,900	2,530	11.9	10.5	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	4,105	1,870	2,240	11.1	10.4	11.7
$60,000 to $69,999	3,420	1,775	1,645	9.2	9.9	8.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,650	1,495	1,155	7.1	8.3	6.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,105	1,245	860	5.7	6.9	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,570	965	610	4.2	5.4	3.2
$100,000 and over	3,690	2,535	1,150	9.9	14.1	6.0
$100,000 to $149,999	2,800	1,880	925	7.5	10.4	4.8
$150,000 and over	885	660	230	2.4	3.7	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	38,195	18,540	19,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,005	505	500	2.6	2.7	2.5
With after-tax income	37,190	18,035	19,155	97.4	97.3	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,695	1,150	1,550	7.2	6.4	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	3,550	1,415	2,135	9.5	7.8	11.1
$20,000 to $29,999	5,425	2,220	3,210	14.6	12.3	16.8
$30,000 to $39,999	5,460	2,320	3,140	14.7	12.9	16.4
$40,000 to $49,999	5,385	2,380	3,000	14.5	13.2	15.7
$50,000 to $59,999	4,545	2,305	2,235	12.2	12.8	11.7
$60,000 to $69,999	3,360	1,880	1,480	9.0	10.4	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,505	1,510	1,000	6.7	8.4	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	1,595	985	610	4.3	5.5	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,000	660	335	2.7	3.7	1.7
$100,000 and over	1,675	1,215	460	4.5	6.7	2.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,010	715	295	2.7	4.0	1.5
$125,000 and over	665	500	165	1.8	2.8	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	38,195	18,540	19,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	8,890	3,810	5,085	23.3	20.6	25.9
With employment income	29,305	14,735	14,570	76.7	79.5	74.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,865	1,225	1,640	9.8	8.3	11.3
$5,000 to $9,999	1,835	725	1,105	6.3	4.9	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	3,060	1,280	1,780	10.4	8.7	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	2,635	1,140	1,495	9.0	7.7	10.3
$30,000 to $39,999	2,650	1,220	1,425	9.0	8.3	9.8
$40,000 to $49,999	3,000	1,345	1,655	10.2	9.1	11.4
$50,000 to $59,999	2,960	1,370	1,590	10.1	9.3	10.9
$60,000 to $69,999	2,530	1,405	1,125	8.6	9.5	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,070	1,225	840	7.1	8.3	5.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,715	1,060	655	5.9	7.2	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,285	810	480	4.4	5.5	3.3
$100,000 and over	2,690	1,920	775	9.2	13.0	5.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,550	1,055	490	5.3	7.2	3.4
$125,000 and over	1,145	865	280	3.9	5.9	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	38,195	18,540	19,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,190	17,515	18,675	94.8	94.5	95.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	52,800	39,200	45,200	52,800	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,275	17,530	18,745	95.0	94.6	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,000	35,200	40,000	46,000	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,010	16,660	17,355	89.0	89.9	88.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	51,600	35,200	42,800	51,600	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,035	15,015	15,020	78.6	81.0	76.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	51,200	36,400	43,600	51,200	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,230	9,390	13,835	60.8	50.6	70.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,680	2,820	5,600	4,680	2,820	5,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,615	1,095	1,520	6.8	5.9	7.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	4,440	6,600	5,400	4,440	6,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	38,200	18,540	19,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,210	17,475	18,725	94.8	94.3	95.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,550	59,100	44,520	51,550	59,100	44,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,270	17,480	18,790	94.9	94.3	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,640	49,160	38,480	43,640	49,160	38,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,065	16,545	17,515	89.2	89.2	89.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,520	58,300	41,200	49,520	58,300	41,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,155	14,950	15,210	78.9	80.6	77.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,240	55,950	40,640	48,240	55,950	40,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,970	9,205	13,760	60.1	49.6	70.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,830	7,400	8,120	7,830	7,400	8,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,600	990	1,605	6.8	5.3	8.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,220	5,720	8,150	7,220	5,720	8,150
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	38,195	18,545	19,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	15,230	8,360	6,865	39.9	45.1	34.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	67,000	52,400	59,600	67,000	52,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,300	72,100	57,050	65,300	72,100	57,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,330	4,485	5,845	27.0	24.2	29.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,000	34,000	25,000	29,000	34,000	25,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,080	42,120	31,480	36,080	42,120	31,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.4	93.4	86.6	90.4	93.4	86.6
Employment income (%)	78.0	81.0	74.2	78.0	81.0	74.2
Government transfers (%)	9.6	6.6	13.4	9.6	6.6	13.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.6	1.6	1.0	0.6	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	19,050	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,035	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,600	...	...	49,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	14,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	19,050	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,500	...	...	106,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,400	...	...	91,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,100	...	...	55,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,640	...	...	47,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	14,020	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,900	...	...	124,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,100	...	...	107,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	19,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	175	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	105	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	255	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	460	...	...	2.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	415	...	...	2.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	480	...	...	2.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	540	...	...	2.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	655	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	630	...	...	3.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,335	...	...	7.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,430	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,270	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,290	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,220	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,715	...	...	45.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,685	...	...	14.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,005	...	...	10.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,380	...	...	12.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,645	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	19,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	180	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	110	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	270	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	490	...	...	2.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	495	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	570	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	720	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	750	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	790	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,590	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,590	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,585	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,435	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,370	...	...	7.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,020	...	...	36.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,720	...	...	14.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,835	...	...	9.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,465	...	...	12.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	13,215	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,150	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	7,925	3,795	4,130	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,800	48,000	42,400	44,800	48,000	42,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	42,800	38,400	40,400	42,800	38,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	13,205	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,800	...	...	123,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,800	...	...	105,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,700	...	...	110,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,600	...	...	94,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,470	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,200	...	...	151,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,900	...	...	81,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,100	...	...	73,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	7,835	3,745	4,095	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,400	51,500	49,400	50,400	51,500	49,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,880	44,480	43,360	43,880	44,480	43,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	46,190	22,580	23,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,460	4,795	4,670	20.5	21.2	19.8
0 to 5 years	3,235	1,600	1,630	7.0	7.1	6.9
18 to 64 years	30,660	15,055	15,600	66.4	66.7	66.1
65 years and over	6,070	2,730	3,340	13.1	12.1	14.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,155	1,425	1,735	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	755	380	375	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	250	125	125	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,835	845	990	...	...	...
65 years and over	570	195	375	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.8	6.3	7.4	6.8	6.3	7.4
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	7.9	8.1	8.0	7.9	8.1
0 to 5 years (%)	7.7	7.9	7.5	7.7	7.9	7.5
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	5.6	6.3	6.0	5.6	6.3
65 years and over (%)	9.4	7.2	11.1	9.4	7.2	11.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	46,190	22,580	23,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,460	4,790	4,665	20.5	21.2	19.8
0 to 5 years	3,240	1,605	1,635	7.0	7.1	6.9
18 to 64 years	30,660	15,060	15,605	66.4	66.7	66.1
65 years and over	6,070	2,725	3,345	13.1	12.1	14.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,625	785	845	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	370	170	205	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	105	50	55	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,170	585	585	...	...	...
65 years and over	85	35	50	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	3.5	4.4	4.0	3.5	4.4
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2	3.0	3.4	3.2	3.0	3.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.8	3.9	3.7
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	46,190	22,580	23,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	19,745	9,335	10,410	42.7	41.3	44.1
In bottom decile	3,325	1,540	1,785	7.2	6.8	7.6
In second decile	3,410	1,555	1,850	7.4	6.9	7.8
In third decile	3,730	1,740	1,990	8.1	7.7	8.4
In fourth decile	4,435	2,125	2,310	9.6	9.4	9.8
In fifth decile	4,850	2,370	2,475	10.5	10.5	10.5
In top half of the distribution	26,445	13,245	13,205	57.3	58.7	55.9
In sixth decile	5,260	2,570	2,690	11.4	11.4	11.4
In seventh decile	5,635	2,820	2,810	12.2	12.5	11.9
In eighth decile	5,815	2,905	2,915	12.6	12.9	12.3
In ninth decile	5,605	2,835	2,775	12.1	12.6	11.8
In top decile	4,125	2,115	2,015	8.9	9.4	8.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	46,190	...	...	46,190	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.360	...	...	0.360	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.251	...	...	0.251	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	46,430	22,665	23,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	42,605	20,925	21,680	91.8	92.3	91.2
French only	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
English and French	3,475	1,585	1,885	7.5	7.0	7.9
Neither English nor French	325	140	180	0.7	0.6	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	46,430	22,665	23,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	45,265	22,105	23,155	97.5	97.5	97.4
French	740	380	365	1.6	1.7	1.5
English and French	120	50	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Neither English nor French	310	130	175	0.7	0.6	0.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	46,430	22,665	23,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	45,175	22,090	23,085	97.3	97.5	97.1
Official languages	39,415	19,460	19,960	84.9	85.9	84.0
English	38,670	19,070	19,600	83.3	84.1	82.5
French	740	385	355	1.6	1.7	1.5
Non-official languages	5,755	2,630	3,130	12.4	11.6	13.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,755	2,625	3,125	12.4	11.6	13.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	185	90	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	170	85	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	135	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	195	80	110	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	170	65	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	810	340	470	1.7	1.5	2.0
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	670	280	385	1.4	1.2	1.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Telugu	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,090	1,445	1,645	6.7	6.4	6.9
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	535	260	270	1.2	1.1	1.1
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	525	255	265	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	65	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	200	90	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	455	190	265	1.0	0.8	1.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	265	110	160	0.6	0.5	0.7
German	260	105	155	0.6	0.5	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	140	60	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	100	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,135	555	580	2.4	2.4	2.4
Indo-Aryan languages	930	455	470	2.0	2.0	2.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	190	105	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	535	250	290	1.2	1.1	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Urdu	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	200	100	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	180	85	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	140	65	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	915	405	510	2.0	1.8	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	100	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	205	90	110	0.4	0.4	0.5
Romanian	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	585	255	325	1.3	1.1	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	105	35	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	320	150	175	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	695	310	385	1.5	1.4	1.6
Chinese languages	685	305	380	1.5	1.3	1.6
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	450	200	245	1.0	0.9	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	210	90	115	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	90	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,255	575	680	2.7	2.5	2.9
English and French	230	110	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	890	410	480	1.9	1.8	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	46,430	22,665	23,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	39,855	19,645	20,215	85.8	86.7	85.1
French	145	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	1,260	600	660	2.7	2.6	2.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,260	600	660	2.7	2.6	2.8
English and French	500	230	270	1.1	1.0	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	4,400	2,005	2,390	9.5	8.8	10.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	60	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	46,430	22,665	23,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	45,485	22,250	23,235	98.0	98.2	97.8
Official languages	42,665	20,895	21,770	91.9	92.2	91.6
English	42,440	20,795	21,650	91.4	91.7	91.1
French	225	105	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	2,820	1,350	1,470	6.1	6.0	6.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,820	1,350	1,470	6.1	6.0	6.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	390	170	215	0.8	0.8	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	330	145	190	0.7	0.6	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,405	685	715	3.0	3.0	3.0
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	220	110	105	0.5	0.5	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	215	110	105	0.5	0.5	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	680	345	340	1.5	1.5	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	580	290	285	1.2	1.3	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hindi	125	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	330	160	170	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	105	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	90	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	430	195	235	0.9	0.9	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	305	140	170	0.7	0.6	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	260	115	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	425	215	215	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese languages	425	210	215	0.9	0.9	0.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	310	155	155	0.7	0.7	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	100	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	950	415	530	2.0	1.8	2.2
English and French	75	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	820	370	450	1.8	1.6	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	46,435	22,665	23,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	42,005	20,630	21,375	90.5	91.0	89.9
English	1,320	635	685	2.8	2.8	2.9
French	385	190	200	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official language	2,120	935	1,180	4.6	4.1	5.0
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,105	930	1,175	4.5	4.1	4.9
English and French	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	220	105	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	265	120	145	0.6	0.5	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	46,195	22,580	23,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	45,900	22,445	23,455	99.4	99.4	99.3
English	45,890	22,445	23,445	99.3	99.4	99.3
French	3,475	1,565	1,910	7.5	6.9	8.1
Non-official languages	8,325	3,835	4,495	18.0	17.0	19.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,300	3,820	4,480	18.0	16.9	19.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	410	175	230	0.9	0.8	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	390	160	230	0.8	0.7	1.0
Amharic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	295	115	170	0.6	0.5	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	305	145	160	0.7	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	285	135	160	0.6	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,105	440	665	2.4	1.9	2.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,035	410	625	2.2	1.8	2.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	220	120	105	0.5	0.5	0.4
Kannada	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayalam	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	65	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Telugu	155	95	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,805	2,310	2,495	10.4	10.2	10.6
Albanian	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	700	360	340	1.5	1.6	1.4
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	695	355	340	1.5	1.6	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	225	115	105	0.5	0.5	0.4
Russian	335	170	165	0.7	0.8	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	795	335	460	1.7	1.5	1.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	470	205	270	1.0	0.9	1.1
German	465	205	265	1.0	0.9	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	230	110	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	130	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	125	35	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
Danish	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swedish	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,565	860	705	3.4	3.8	3.0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,380	780	605	3.0	3.5	2.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	75	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	765	450	320	1.7	2.0	1.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	670	360	305	1.5	1.6	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Urdu	180	120	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages	210	110	100	0.5	0.5	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	180	95	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	145	70	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,810	785	1,025	3.9	3.5	4.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	165	85	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	255	135	120	0.6	0.6	0.5
Romanian	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,390	570	820	3.0	2.5	3.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	240	95	140	0.5	0.4	0.6
Korean	265	140	125	0.6	0.6	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	165	80	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	85	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	95	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	95	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	875	395	480	1.9	1.7	2.0
Chinese languages	845	375	470	1.8	1.7	2.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	620	265	355	1.3	1.2	1.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	255	100	155	0.6	0.4	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	60	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Estonian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	46,190	22,580	23,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,685	1,240	1,445	5.8	5.5	6.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,585	1,205	1,380	5.6	5.3	5.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,345	630	715	2.9	2.8	3.0
Métis	1,210	555	660	2.6	2.5	2.8
Inuk (Inuit)	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	43,505	21,340	22,170	94.2	94.5	93.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	46,190	22,580	23,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	835	425	410	1.8	1.9	1.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	45,355	22,155	23,200	98.2	98.1	98.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	19,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	12,335	...	...	64.8	...	...
Renter	6,715	...	...	35.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	19,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,285	...	...	22.5	...	...
Not condominium	14,760	...	...	77.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	19,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	120	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	3,170	...	...	16.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,380	...	...	28.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,160	...	...	32.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,220	...	...	22.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	19,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,165	...	...	37.6	...	...
5 rooms	3,160	...	...	16.6	...	...
6 rooms	2,680	...	...	14.1	...	...
7 rooms	1,910	...	...	10.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,145	...	...	21.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	19,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	18,675	...	...	98.0	...	...
More than one person per room	375	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	19,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	18,060	...	...	94.8	...	...
Not suitable	990	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	19,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	760	...	...	4.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,930	...	...	15.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,190	...	...	6.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,870	...	...	9.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,420	...	...	7.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,280	...	...	17.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,545	...	...	13.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,070	...	...	26.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	19,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	18,540	...	...	97.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	510	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	19,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,365	...	...	43.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	9,500	...	...	49.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,190	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	19,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	630	...	...	3.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,465	...	...	18.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,270	...	...	22.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,570	...	...	18.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,320	...	...	17.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,345	...	...	12.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,135	...	...	6.0	...	...
85 years and over	320	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	18,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	14,105	...	...	74.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,880	...	...	25.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,450	...	...	23.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	19,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,990	...	...	31.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,520	...	...	23.7	...	...
Not suitable only	730	...	...	3.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	360	...	...	1.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	235	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	130	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	13,055	...	...	68.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	18,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,985	...	...	10.7	...	...
Not in core need	16,565	...	...	89.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,325	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	74.4	...	...	74.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.7	...	...	18.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.4	...	...	5.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,840	...	...	1,840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,846	...	...	1,846	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	730,000	...	...	730,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	752,000	...	...	752,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,710	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.6	...	...	38.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.7	...	...	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600	...	...	1,600	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,644	...	...	1,644	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	46,190	22,575	23,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	850	405	445	1.8	1.8	1.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	815	395	420	1.8	1.7	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	535	265	275	1.2	1.2	1.2
Métis single ancestry	275	125	150	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,175	1,010	1,165	4.7	4.5	4.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,085	970	1,120	4.5	4.3	4.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,345	620	725	2.9	2.7	3.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	720	335	385	1.6	1.5	1.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	85	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	85	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	43,170	21,160	22,005	93.5	93.7	93.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	46,190	22,575	23,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	42,860	21,005	21,855	92.8	93.0	92.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,980	4,605	4,370	19.4	20.4	18.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	33,880	16,395	17,485	73.3	72.6	74.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,335	1,575	1,755	7.2	7.0	7.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	46,190	22,575	23,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	38,000	18,770	19,230	82.3	83.1	81.4
Immigrants⁸¹	7,285	3,345	3,940	15.8	14.8	16.7
Before 1980	1,640	735	905	3.6	3.3	3.8
1980 to 1990	750	340	410	1.6	1.5	1.7
1991 to 2000	950	425	520	2.1	1.9	2.2
2001 to 2010	1,395	655	740	3.0	2.9	3.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,550	1,195	1,355	5.5	5.3	5.7
2011 to 2015	1,230	600	630	2.7	2.7	2.7
2016 to 2021	1,320	595	720	2.9	2.6	3.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	900	455	445	1.9	2.0	1.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,290	3,345	3,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	755	370	385	10.4	11.1	9.8
5 to 14 years	1,400	635	760	19.2	19.0	19.3
15 to 24 years	1,360	620	735	18.7	18.5	18.7
25 to 44 years	3,215	1,470	1,745	44.1	43.9	44.3
45 years and over	565	250	315	7.8	7.5	8.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,290	3,345	3,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,140	500	645	15.6	14.9	16.4
Brazil	70	35	30	1.0	1.0	0.8
Colombia	130	45	80	1.8	1.3	2.0
El Salvador	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	10	25	0.5	0.3	0.6
Mexico	120	50	75	1.6	1.5	1.9
Peru	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	30	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.5
United States of America	520	235	285	7.1	7.0	7.2
Other places of birth in Americas	180	75	110	2.5	2.2	2.8
Europe	2,385	1,145	1,235	32.7	34.2	31.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.4
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	45	15	25	0.6	0.4	0.6
Germany	165	80	85	2.3	2.4	2.2
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Italy	65	25	45	0.9	0.7	1.1
Netherlands	100	50	55	1.4	1.5	1.4
Poland	150	70	80	2.1	2.1	2.0
Portugal	80	30	50	1.1	0.9	1.3
Romania	55	25	25	0.8	0.7	0.6
Russian Federation	95	40	55	1.3	1.2	1.4
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Ukraine	70	35	30	1.0	1.0	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,165	575	585	16.0	17.2	14.8
Other places of birth in Europe	320	145	170	4.4	4.3	4.3
Africa	485	245	240	6.7	7.3	6.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	25	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Ethiopia	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	105	55	45	1.4	1.6	1.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	135	55	80	1.9	1.6	2.0
Other places of birth in Africa	180	100	80	2.5	3.0	2.0
Asia	3,220	1,420	1,800	44.2	42.5	45.7
Afghanistan	40	30	15	0.5	0.9	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	95	55	45	1.3	1.6	1.1
Iraq	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Lebanon	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	50	25	20	0.7	0.7	0.5
Turkey	30	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.5
China⁹⁰	380	170	210	5.2	5.1	5.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	40	15	0.8	1.2	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	230	120	110	3.2	3.6	2.8
Taiwan	55	20	30	0.8	0.6	0.8
Philippines	1,005	380	620	13.8	11.4	15.7
Viet Nam	170	65	105	2.3	1.9	2.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	655	320	335	9.0	9.6	8.5
Pakistan	85	40	40	1.2	1.2	1.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	320	120	205	4.4	3.6	5.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	55	40	20	0.8	1.2	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,315	600	720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	220	105	115	16.7	17.5	16.0
Brazil	20	10	10	1.5	1.7	1.4
Colombia	45	20	30	3.4	3.3	4.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	15	15	2.3	2.5	2.1
United States of America	85	45	35	6.5	7.5	4.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	15	15	2.3	2.5	2.1
Europe	180	75	100	13.7	12.5	13.9
France	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.4
Ukraine	15	10	10	1.1	1.7	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	75	40	35	5.7	6.7	4.9
Other places of birth in Europe	35	0	35	2.7	0.0	4.9
Africa	125	65	60	9.5	10.8	8.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	15	0	15	1.1	0.0	2.1
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	45	35	15	3.4	5.8	2.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10	1.5	1.7	1.4
Asia	795	350	445	60.5	58.3	61.8
Afghanistan	30	20	10	2.3	3.3	1.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	90	45	45	6.8	7.5	6.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	220	95	125	16.7	15.8	17.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	20	1.5	0.0	2.8
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	30	20	3.4	5.0	2.8
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	275	125	150	20.9	20.8	20.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	15	15	2.7	2.5	2.1
Turkey	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.4
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	30	0	30	2.3	0.0	4.2
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	15	1.5	0.0	2.1
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	46,190	22,580	23,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,710	4,040	4,670	18.9	17.9	19.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,910	4,260	4,655	19.3	18.9	19.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	28,565	14,280	14,290	61.8	63.2	60.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,645	2,615	3,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,055	1,505	1,550	54.1	57.6	51.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,225	655	575	21.7	25.0	19.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,825	855	975	32.3	32.7	32.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,850	730	1,120	32.8	27.9	37.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	695	370	330	12.3	14.1	10.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	40	10	30	0.7	0.4	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,645	2,615	3,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	175	90	85	3.1	3.4	2.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	990	395	595	17.5	15.1	19.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	275	140	135	4.9	5.4	4.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	365	175	185	6.5	6.7	6.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,825	1,810	2,020	67.8	69.2	66.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	46,190	22,580	23,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,660	3,605	4,055	16.6	16.0	17.2
South Asian	1,880	985	895	4.1	4.4	3.8
Chinese	1,095	500	600	2.4	2.2	2.5
Black	725	350	380	1.6	1.6	1.6
Filipino	1,405	620	785	3.0	2.7	3.3
Arab	165	60	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latin American	640	270	370	1.4	1.2	1.6
Southeast Asian	530	255	275	1.1	1.1	1.2
West Asian	225	125	100	0.5	0.6	0.4
Korean	360	200	160	0.8	0.9	0.7
Japanese	265	105	160	0.6	0.5	0.7
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	80	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	290	115	175	0.6	0.5	0.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	38,530	18,975	19,560	83.4	84.0	82.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	46,195	22,580	23,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	6,175	3,035	3,140	13.4	13.4	13.3
English	13,835	6,680	7,160	29.9	29.6	30.3
Irish	8,405	3,930	4,475	18.2	17.4	18.9
Scottish	10,375	5,055	5,315	22.5	22.4	22.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,700	1,745	1,955	8.0	7.7	8.3
German	6,060	2,965	3,095	13.1	13.1	13.1
Chinese	1,300	605	690	2.8	2.7	2.9
Italian	1,800	800	1,005	3.9	3.5	4.3
Indian (India)	1,295	630	665	2.8	2.8	2.8
Ukrainian	2,240	1,080	1,165	4.8	4.8	4.9
Dutch	1,945	955	990	4.2	4.2	4.2
Polish	1,625	750	875	3.5	3.3	3.7
Québécois	95	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,475	1,110	1,365	5.4	4.9	5.8
Filipino	1,380	605	770	3.0	2.7	3.3
French Canadian	555	285	270	1.2	1.3	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,265	680	585	2.7	3.0	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	870	450	415	1.9	2.0	1.8
Métis	1,115	515	595	2.4	2.3	2.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,115	630	485	2.4	2.8	2.1
Russian	1,260	570	690	2.7	2.5	2.9
Norwegian	1,540	755	790	3.3	3.3	3.3
Welsh	1,445	600	840	3.1	2.7	3.6
Portuguese	575	300	275	1.2	1.3	1.2
American	665	375	290	1.4	1.7	1.2
Spanish	580	245	340	1.3	1.1	1.4
Swedish	1,135	490	645	2.5	2.2	2.7
Hungarian	440	220	215	1.0	1.0	0.9
Acadian	155	80	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pakistani	130	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	195	95	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	195	95	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	105	65	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Vietnamese	340	165	175	0.7	0.7	0.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	285	140	145	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jamaican	100	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	285	130	160	0.6	0.6	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	265	100	165	0.6	0.4	0.7
Korean	320	190	130	0.7	0.8	0.6
Romanian	215	85	130	0.5	0.4	0.6
Lebanese	80	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iranian	110	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	85	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	765	330	435	1.7	1.5	1.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	145	50	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
Sikh	125	80	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Austrian	495	220	275	1.1	1.0	1.2
Belgian	215	95	125	0.5	0.4	0.5
Haitian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	185	100	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mexican	425	205	220	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mennonite	135	50	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Swiss	210	100	110	0.5	0.4	0.5
Finnish	475	260	215	1.0	1.2	0.9
Sri Lankan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	165	70	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Japanese	310	105	205	0.7	0.5	0.9
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	85	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	95	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	495	225	270	1.1	1.0	1.1
Muslim	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	115	35	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	370	190	180	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombian	90	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	210	110	105	0.5	0.5	0.4
Syrian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Newfoundlander	65	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hong Konger	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	75	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkish	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	70	30	30	0.2	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	120	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Armenian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	105	65	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Somali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwanese	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	70	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	195	85	115	0.4	0.4	0.5
Australian	115	70	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Palestinian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	85	20	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovenian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	205	105	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Eritrean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israeli	35	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albertan	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	60	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Laotian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	140	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
British Columbian	370	185	190	0.8	0.8	0.8
Ecuadorian	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Byelorussian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	95	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	45	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Saskatchewanian	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sicilian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	46,190	22,580	23,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	370	190	180	0.8	0.8	0.8
Christian	14,450	6,405	8,045	31.3	28.4	34.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,250	1,425	1,830	7.0	6.3	7.8
Anabaptist	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anglican	1,535	695	840	3.3	3.1	3.6
Baptist	595	260	340	1.3	1.2	1.4
Catholic	4,805	2,210	2,595	10.4	9.8	11.0
Christian Orthodox	315	130	180	0.7	0.6	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	225	80	140	0.5	0.4	0.6
Latter Day Saints	265	115	150	0.6	0.5	0.6
Lutheran	360	155	205	0.8	0.7	0.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	415	185	225	0.9	0.8	1.0
Presbyterian	245	115	135	0.5	0.5	0.6
Reformed	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	1,280	535	750	2.8	2.4	3.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	960	425	545	2.1	1.9	2.3
Hindu	625	335	285	1.4	1.5	1.2
Jewish	220	120	100	0.5	0.5	0.4
Muslim	685	375	310	1.5	1.7	1.3
Sikh	600	325	275	1.3	1.4	1.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	595	235	360	1.3	1.0	1.5
No religion and secular perspectives	28,590	14,560	14,030	61.9	64.5	59.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	45,670	22,295	23,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	35,945	17,520	18,425	78.7	78.6	78.8
Movers	9,730	4,775	4,950	21.3	21.4	21.2
Non-migrants	6,050	3,020	3,035	13.2	13.5	13.0
Migrants	3,675	1,750	1,920	8.0	7.8	8.2
Internal migrants	3,220	1,565	1,660	7.1	7.0	7.1
Intraprovincial migrants	1,930	910	1,015	4.2	4.1	4.3
Interprovincial migrants	1,295	655	645	2.8	2.9	2.8
External migrants	450	190	255	1.0	0.9	1.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	43,615	21,355	22,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	18,640	9,185	9,455	42.7	43.0	42.5
Movers	24,975	12,170	12,805	57.3	57.0	57.5
Non-migrants	6,330	3,140	3,195	14.5	14.7	14.4
Migrants	18,645	9,030	9,615	42.7	42.3	43.2
Internal migrants	16,630	8,070	8,555	38.1	37.8	38.4
Intraprovincial migrants	12,395	5,935	6,455	28.4	27.8	29.0
Interprovincial migrants	4,235	2,135	2,100	9.7	10.0	9.4
External migrants	2,015	965	1,050	4.6	4.5	4.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	38,195	18,540	19,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,410	2,930	2,475	14.2	15.8	12.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	32,785	15,615	17,175	85.8	84.2	87.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,160	13,260	13,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,435	1,440	995	9.0	10.9	7.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	24,725	11,820	12,905	91.0	89.1	92.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	38,200	18,540	19,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,660	2,490	2,170	12.2	13.4	11.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,315	6,215	6,105	32.2	33.5	31.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,215	9,835	11,380	55.5	53.0	57.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,205	5,985	6,220	32.0	32.3	31.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,200	2,400	800	8.4	12.9	4.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,240	690	545	3.2	3.7	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,960	1,705	250	5.1	9.2	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,735	3,120	4,615	20.2	16.8	23.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,265	465	805	3.3	2.5	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,015	3,850	5,165	23.6	20.8	26.3
Bachelor's degree	6,155	2,590	3,565	16.1	14.0	18.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	590	235	360	1.5	1.3	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	125	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	1,885	830	1,055	4.9	4.5	5.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	255	130	125	0.7	0.7	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,160	13,260	13,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,935	1,135	800	7.1	8.6	5.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,850	4,120	3,730	28.9	31.1	26.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,375	8,005	9,375	64.0	60.4	67.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,745	4,815	4,925	35.9	36.3	35.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,420	1,855	570	8.9	14.0	4.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	895	520	380	3.3	3.9	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,520	1,335	190	5.6	10.1	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,315	2,555	3,755	23.3	19.3	27.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,010	410	600	3.7	3.1	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,630	3,185	4,445	28.1	24.0	32.0
Bachelor's degree	5,270	2,155	3,120	19.4	16.3	22.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	465	170	300	1.7	1.3	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	30	60	0.3	0.2	0.4
Master's degree	1,575	710	860	5.8	5.4	6.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	225	115	110	0.8	0.9	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	38,195	18,540	19,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,980	8,705	8,270	44.5	47.0	42.1
Education	1,245	310	935	3.3	1.7	4.8
13. Education	1,245	310	935	3.3	1.7	4.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	695	270	425	1.8	1.5	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	50	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	630	225	405	1.6	1.2	2.1
Humanities	1,030	380	655	2.7	2.0	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	135	15	120	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	255	80	180	0.7	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	275	85	185	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	50	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	55	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	140	90	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,540	770	1,775	6.7	4.2	9.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	275	60	220	0.7	0.3	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	455	40	415	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	410	110	305	1.1	0.6	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
42. Psychology	460	125	335	1.2	0.7	1.7
45. Social sciences	810	370	440	2.1	2.0	2.2
Business, management and public administration	4,490	1,715	2,780	11.8	9.3	14.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	385	125	260	1.0	0.7	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,100	1,585	2,515	10.7	8.5	12.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	785	395	395	2.1	2.1	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	385	185	200	1.0	1.0	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	180	70	110	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	170	130	40	0.4	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	940	650	295	2.5	3.5	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	785	560	225	2.1	3.0	1.1
25. Library science	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	70	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,900	3,590	310	10.2	19.4	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	90	55	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	670	570	95	1.8	3.1	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	835	755	85	2.2	4.1	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,125	1,085	40	2.9	5.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	710	680	30	1.9	3.7	0.2
48. Precision production	470	450	20	1.2	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	430	185	245	1.1	1.0	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	260	85	175	0.7	0.5	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	170	100	70	0.4	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	3,615	700	2,915	9.5	3.8	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	250	135	115	0.7	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,345	565	2,780	8.8	3.0	14.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,535	870	665	4.0	4.7	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	925	365	560	2.4	2.0	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	45	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	310	225	90	0.8	1.2	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	210	195	15	0.5	1.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	27,160	13,255	13,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,785	5,255	4,530	36.0	39.6	32.6
Education	935	230	705	3.4	1.7	5.1
13. Education	935	230	705	3.4	1.7	5.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	570	210	355	2.1	1.6	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	40	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	510	175	335	1.9	1.3	2.4
Humanities	795	275	520	2.9	2.1	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	15	100	0.4	0.1	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	200	55	145	0.7	0.4	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	230	70	165	0.8	0.5	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	40	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	45	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	85	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,155	615	1,540	7.9	4.6	11.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	245	55	195	0.9	0.4	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	400	30	365	1.5	0.2	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	360	80	285	1.3	0.6	2.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
42. Psychology	385	115	275	1.4	0.9	2.0
45. Social sciences	670	290	380	2.5	2.2	2.7
Business, management and public administration	3,765	1,440	2,330	13.9	10.9	16.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	310	95	210	1.1	0.7	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,455	1,335	2,120	12.7	10.1	15.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	660	300	360	2.4	2.3	2.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	340	150	190	1.3	1.1	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	45	100	0.5	0.3	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	135	100	40	0.5	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	820	595	225	3.0	4.5	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	715	525	185	2.6	4.0	1.3
25. Library science	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	55	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,115	2,855	260	11.5	21.5	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	70	40	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	590	500	90	2.2	3.8	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	660	590	65	2.4	4.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	895	860	35	3.3	6.5	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	550	530	20	2.0	4.0	0.1
48. Precision production	355	340	15	1.3	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	345	140	205	1.3	1.1	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	220	80	140	0.8	0.6	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	65	60	0.5	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	2,955	600	2,355	10.9	4.5	16.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	205	110	95	0.8	0.8	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,725	485	2,235	10.0	3.7	16.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,255	730	520	4.6	5.5	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	765	315	450	2.8	2.4	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	40	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	255	190	65	0.9	1.4	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	175	160	10	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	27,160	13,255	13,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,785	5,255	4,530	36.0	39.6	32.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	17,375	8,000	9,370	64.0	60.4	67.4
Location of study inside Canada	14,610	6,730	7,885	53.8	50.8	56.7
Same as province or territory of residence	10,645	4,755	5,890	39.2	35.9	42.4
Different than province or territory of residence	3,970	1,975	1,995	14.6	14.9	14.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,760	1,270	1,485	10.2	9.6	10.7
Americas	700	340	360	2.6	2.6	2.6
United States of America	460	235	225	1.7	1.8	1.6
Mexico	95	40	55	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	40	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Colombia	45	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peru	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Europe	580	290	290	2.1	2.2	2.1
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Germany	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	20	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.3
Ukraine	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	290	165	125	1.1	1.2	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Africa	105	55	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,280	530	750	4.7	4.0	5.4
Iran⁸⁸	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	115	45	65	0.4	0.3	0.5
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	105	45	60	0.4	0.3	0.4
Philippines	455	170	280	1.7	1.3	2.0
Viet Nam	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	365	185	175	1.3	1.4	1.3
Pakistan	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	75	25	55	0.3	0.2	0.4
Oceania	100	55	40	0.4	0.4	0.3
Australia	80	50	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
New Zealand	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	38,200	18,540	19,650	...	...	...
In the labour force	27,645	14,040	13,595	...	...	...
Employed	25,925	13,230	12,700	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,715	820	900	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	10,555	4,500	6,055	...	...	...
Participation rate	72.4	75.7	69.2	72.4	75.7	69.2
Employment rate	67.9	71.4	64.6	67.9	71.4	64.6
Unemployment rate	6.2	5.8	6.6	6.2	5.8	6.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	38,195	18,540	19,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,820	4,650	6,170	28.3	25.1	31.4
Worked	27,375	13,895	13,485	71.7	74.9	68.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	15,740	8,695	7,040	41.2	46.9	35.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	11,640	5,195	6,440	30.5	28.0	32.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	44.0	42.0	43.0	44.0	42.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	27,640	14,045	13,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	360	160	195	1.3	1.1	1.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	27,285	13,880	13,405	98.7	98.8	98.6
Employee	23,660	11,815	11,845	85.6	84.1	87.1
Permanent position	20,845	10,490	10,355	75.4	74.7	76.1
Temporary position	2,815	1,325	1,495	10.2	9.4	11.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	960	465	500	3.5	3.3	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,855	855	995	6.7	6.1	7.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,620	2,070	1,555	13.1	14.7	11.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	27,640	14,045	13,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	360	160	195	1.3	1.1	1.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	27,285	13,880	13,405	98.7	98.8	98.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	255	155	100	0.9	1.1	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,010	1,365	3,645	18.1	9.7	26.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,990	1,585	405	7.2	11.3	3.0
3 Health occupations	2,445	520	1,930	8.8	3.7	14.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,665	1,410	2,255	13.3	10.0	16.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	680	285	400	2.5	2.0	2.9
6 Sales and service occupations	7,605	3,570	4,035	27.5	25.4	29.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,830	4,395	430	17.5	31.3	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	395	280	115	1.4	2.0	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	400	310	90	1.4	2.2	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	27,640	14,045	13,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	360	160	195	1.3	1.1	1.4
All industries¹⁹¹	27,285	13,880	13,405	98.7	98.8	98.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	195	105	85	0.7	0.7	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	65	40	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
22 Utilities	120	105	20	0.4	0.7	0.1
23 Construction	2,680	2,300	380	9.7	16.4	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	985	750	235	3.6	5.3	1.7
41 Wholesale trade	590	395	200	2.1	2.8	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	3,660	1,845	1,815	13.2	13.1	13.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,120	830	290	4.1	5.9	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	390	220	170	1.4	1.6	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	820	250	570	3.0	1.8	4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	485	285	205	1.8	2.0	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,995	1,145	855	7.2	8.2	6.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,200	690	510	4.3	4.9	3.8
61 Educational services	1,715	510	1,205	6.2	3.6	8.9
62 Health care and social assistance	3,765	810	2,955	13.6	5.8	21.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	585	290	290	2.1	2.1	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	1,820	885	935	6.6	6.3	6.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,215	475	745	4.4	3.4	5.5
91 Public administration	3,835	1,945	1,895	13.9	13.8	13.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	29,285	14,810	14,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	28,350	14,390	13,965	96.8	97.2	96.5
French	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	65	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	65	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and French	350	175	180	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	445	205	245	1.5	1.4	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	29,285	14,810	14,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	29,200	14,785	14,415	99.7	99.8	99.6
Official languages	29,065	14,730	14,335	99.2	99.5	99.0
English	28,980	14,705	14,275	99.0	99.3	98.6
French	85	25	65	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official languages	135	55	80	0.5	0.4	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	135	55	80	0.5	0.4	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	85	25	65	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and French	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	45	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	29,285	14,810	14,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	28,525	14,445	14,080	97.4	97.5	97.3
English	100	35	65	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	280	150	130	1.0	1.0	0.9
Non-official language	310	145	165	1.1	1.0	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	305	140	165	1.0	0.9	1.1
English and French	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	25,925	13,230	12,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,845	2,630	3,220	22.5	19.9	25.4
Worked outside Canada	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
No fixed workplace address	3,940	2,885	1,055	15.2	21.8	8.3
Usual place of work	16,090	7,685	8,405	62.1	58.1	66.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	16,085	7,685	8,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,695	2,645	3,055	35.4	34.4	36.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,875	4,695	5,185	61.4	61.1	61.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	420	280	135	2.6	3.6	1.6
Commute to a different province or territory	95	65	25	0.6	0.8	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	20,030	10,570	9,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	16,880	8,940	7,940	84.3	84.6	83.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	15,635	8,440	7,185	78.1	79.8	76.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,245	495	750	6.2	4.7	7.9
Public transit	1,025	395	635	5.1	3.7	6.7
Walked	1,155	580	580	5.8	5.5	6.1
Bicycle	445	370	75	2.2	3.5	0.8
Other method	520	290	235	2.6	2.7	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	20,030	10,570	9,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	6,060	2,870	3,185	30.3	27.2	33.7
15 to 29 minutes	7,840	4,260	3,575	39.1	40.3	37.8
30 to 44 minutes	4,605	2,550	2,050	23.0	24.1	21.7
45 to 59 minutes	975	540	435	4.9	5.1	4.6
60 minutes and over	545	340	205	2.7	3.2	2.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	20,030	10,570	9,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,295	930	365	6.5	8.8	3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,055	2,520	1,535	20.2	23.8	16.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,270	2,765	2,505	26.3	26.2	26.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,965	1,695	2,270	19.8	16.0	24.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,560	1,170	1,385	12.8	11.1	14.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,885	1,490	1,395	14.4	14.1	14.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,615	4,875	4,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	825	385	445	8.6	7.9	9.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,790	4,495	4,295	91.4	92.2	90.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,730	3,465	3,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	635	300	330	9.4	8.7	10.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	365	165	200	5.4	4.8	6.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	265	135	130	3.9	3.9	4.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,095	3,165	2,930	90.6	91.3	89.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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