Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Esquimalt, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	17,533	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	17,655	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.7	...	...	- 0.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	8,995	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	8,565	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,476.7	...	...	2,476.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	7.08	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	17,530	8,810	8,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	2,135	1,130	1,005	12.2	12.8	11.5
0 to 4 years	735	390	350	4.2	4.4	4.0
5 to 9 years	765	385	380	4.4	4.4	4.4
10 to 14 years	635	350	280	3.6	4.0	3.2
15 to 64 years	11,765	6,045	5,725	67.1	68.6	65.7
15 to 19 years	640	335	300	3.7	3.8	3.4
20 to 24 years	865	460	405	4.9	5.2	4.6
25 to 29 years	1,310	705	605	7.5	8.0	6.9
30 to 34 years	1,480	775	700	8.4	8.8	8.0
35 to 39 years	1,430	740	690	8.2	8.4	7.9
40 to 44 years	1,315	685	625	7.5	7.8	7.2
45 to 49 years	1,015	510	505	5.8	5.8	5.8
50 to 54 years	1,095	560	535	6.2	6.4	6.1
55 to 59 years	1,335	635	695	7.6	7.2	8.0
60 to 64 years	1,290	640	655	7.4	7.3	7.5
65 years and over	3,625	1,635	1,990	20.7	18.6	22.8
65 to 69 years	1,225	565	655	7.0	6.4	7.5
70 to 74 years	1,005	465	540	5.7	5.3	6.2
75 to 79 years	615	290	325	3.5	3.3	3.7
80 to 84 years	390	175	215	2.2	2.0	2.5
85 years and over	390	140	250	2.2	1.6	2.9
85 to 89 years	220	90	130	1.3	1.0	1.5
90 to 94 years	135	40	95	0.8	0.5	1.1
95 to 99 years	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.2	12.8	11.5	12.2	12.8	11.5
15 to 64 years	67.1	68.6	65.7	67.1	68.6	65.7
65 years and over	20.7	18.6	22.8	20.7	18.6	22.8
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.9	2.2	1.6	2.9
Average age of the population	44.1	42.8	45.4	44.1	42.8	45.4
Median age of the population	43.2	41.6	45.2	43.2	41.6	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	8,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	1,990	...	...	23.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	680	...	...	7.9	...	...
Row house	420	...	...	4.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	900	...	...	10.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,970	...	...	46.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	590	...	...	6.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	8,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,325	...	...	38.8	...	...
2 persons	3,200	...	...	37.4	...	...
3 persons	1,040	...	...	12.1	...	...
4 persons	690	...	...	8.1	...	...
5 or more persons	310	...	...	3.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	17,290	8,675	8,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	15,395	7,680	7,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	8,055	4,015	4,035	52.3	52.3	52.3
Married	5,695	2,850	2,845	37.0	37.1	36.9
Living common-law	2,355	1,170	1,185	15.3	15.2	15.4
Living common law - Never married	1,765	870	895	11.5	11.3	11.6
Living common law - Separated	85	50	30	0.6	0.7	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	460	225	235	3.0	2.9	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	7,345	3,665	3,680	47.7	47.7	47.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,650	2,700	1,955	30.2	35.2	25.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	480	230	255	3.1	3.0	3.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,495	580	915	9.7	7.6	11.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	715	155	555	4.6	2.0	7.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	4,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	3,000	...	...	64.0	...	...
3 persons	870	...	...	18.6	...	...
4 persons	650	...	...	13.9	...	...
5 or more persons	170	...	...	3.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	4,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	3,945	...	...	84.1	...	...
Married couples	2,765	...	...	59.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,190	...	...	25.4	...	...
Without children	1,575	...	...	33.6	...	...
Common-law couples	1,175	...	...	25.1	...	...
With children⁶	295	...	...	6.3	...	...
Without children	880	...	...	18.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	750	...	...	16.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	565	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	180	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	17,290	8,670	8,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	12,100	6,020	6,075	70.0	69.4	70.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	7,890	3,920	3,965	45.6	45.2	46.0
Parents in one-parent families	745	185	565	4.3	2.1	6.6
Children⁶	3,465	1,920	1,545	20.0	22.1	17.9
In a two-parent family	2,475	1,350	1,120	14.3	15.6	13.0
In a one-parent family	995	575	420	5.8	6.6	4.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,190	2,655	2,540	30.0	30.6	29.5
Living alone	3,320	1,600	1,725	19.2	18.5	20.0
Living with other relatives⁷	395	190	200	2.3	2.2	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	1,475	865	615	8.5	10.0	7.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	8,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,165	...	...	48.6	...	...
Couple-family households	3,555	...	...	41.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,315	...	...	15.4	...	...
Without children	2,240	...	...	26.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	610	...	...	7.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	100	...	...	1.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	45	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	300	...	...	3.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	635	...	...	7.4	...	...
One-person households	3,320	...	...	38.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	15,150	7,545	7,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,815	7,355	7,455	97.8	97.5	98.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	49,200	40,400	44,800	49,200	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,815	7,355	7,455	97.8	97.5	98.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,400	37,200	40,400	44,400	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,385	6,690	6,695	88.3	88.7	88.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,800	34,000	40,000	46,800	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,835	5,605	5,235	71.5	74.3	68.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	48,400	36,400	42,400	48,400	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,405	5,855	6,550	81.9	77.6	86.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	8,700	11,200	10,000	8,700	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,260	605	655	8.3	8.0	8.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,645	1,750	1,895	24.1	23.2	24.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	15,150	7,545	7,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,810	7,370	7,440	97.8	97.7	97.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,550	56,050	47,120	51,550	56,050	47,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,810	7,370	7,440	97.8	97.7	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,760	48,160	41,360	44,760	48,160	41,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,400	6,680	6,720	88.4	88.5	88.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,000	53,200	40,840	47,000	53,200	40,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,835	5,605	5,225	71.5	74.3	68.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,840	52,400	42,920	47,840	52,400	42,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,365	5,855	6,510	81.6	77.6	85.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,850	9,900	11,700	10,850	9,900	11,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,250	590	660	8.3	7.8	8.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,740	5,760	7,620	6,740	5,760	7,620
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,665	1,800	1,860	24.2	23.9	24.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,030	8,980	9,080	9,030	8,980	9,080
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	15,155	7,545	7,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,375	3,000	2,375	35.5	39.8	31.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	68,000	58,400	63,600	68,000	58,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,500	72,200	63,800	68,500	72,200	63,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,310	2,010	2,300	28.4	26.6	30.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	22,600	20,000	21,000	22,600	20,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,360	32,400	26,720	29,360	32,400	26,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.4	86.0	78.2	82.4	86.0	78.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.8	71.2	64.0	67.8	71.2	64.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.6	14.0	21.7	17.6	14.0	21.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.7	6.1	5.4	4.7	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.9	4.8	4.3	3.9	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	15,155	7,545	7,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	340	190	150	2.2	2.5	2.0
With total income	14,810	7,355	7,455	97.7	97.5	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	910	415	490	6.1	5.6	6.6
$10,000 to $19,999	1,415	640	780	9.6	8.7	10.5
$20,000 to $29,999	2,110	895	1,210	14.2	12.2	16.2
$30,000 to $39,999	2,115	910	1,200	14.3	12.4	16.1
$40,000 to $49,999	1,800	860	935	12.2	11.7	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,530	710	820	10.3	9.7	11.0
$60,000 to $69,999	1,265	670	595	8.5	9.1	8.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,060	640	420	7.2	8.7	5.6
$80,000 to $89,999	820	500	320	5.5	6.8	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	620	355	260	4.2	4.8	3.5
$100,000 and over	1,175	750	425	7.9	10.2	5.7
$100,000 to $149,999	910	570	345	6.1	7.7	4.6
$150,000 and over	270	185	85	1.8	2.5	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	15,155	7,545	7,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	340	190	150	2.2	2.5	2.0
With after-tax income	14,810	7,355	7,455	97.7	97.5	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	940	430	515	6.3	5.8	6.9
$10,000 to $19,999	1,495	670	820	10.1	9.1	11.0
$20,000 to $29,999	2,420	1,040	1,385	16.3	14.1	18.6
$30,000 to $39,999	2,465	1,110	1,360	16.6	15.1	18.2
$40,000 to $49,999	2,090	980	1,105	14.1	13.3	14.8
$50,000 to $59,999	1,660	850	815	11.2	11.6	10.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,340	810	530	9.0	11.0	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	980	590	385	6.6	8.0	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	580	345	235	3.9	4.7	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	330	190	135	2.2	2.6	1.8
$100,000 and over	520	350	170	3.5	4.8	2.3
$100,000 to $124,999	305	195	115	2.1	2.7	1.5
$125,000 and over	210	155	60	1.4	2.1	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	15,155	7,545	7,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	4,315	1,940	2,370	28.5	25.7	31.1
With employment income	10,835	5,600	5,235	71.5	74.2	68.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,220	560	660	11.3	10.0	12.6
$5,000 to $9,999	815	365	445	7.5	6.5	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	1,110	490	625	10.2	8.8	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	980	455	525	9.0	8.1	10.0
$30,000 to $39,999	1,050	495	555	9.7	8.8	10.6
$40,000 to $49,999	1,075	530	540	9.9	9.5	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	945	455	495	8.7	8.1	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	910	510	395	8.4	9.1	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	735	465	270	6.8	8.3	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	690	430	260	6.4	7.7	5.0
$90,000 to $99,999	495	305	190	4.6	5.4	3.6
$100,000 and over	815	535	275	7.5	9.6	5.3
$100,000 to $124,999	500	320	180	4.6	5.7	3.4
$125,000 and over	315	210	100	2.9	3.8	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	15,150	7,545	7,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,555	7,210	7,340	96.1	95.6	96.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,800	37,600	42,000	46,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,575	7,215	7,360	96.2	95.6	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	41,600	34,000	37,600	41,600	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,345	6,650	6,695	88.1	88.1	88.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,400	34,400	40,000	46,400	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,355	5,830	5,520	75.0	77.3	72.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	45,200	34,400	39,600	45,200	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,880	4,320	5,560	65.2	57.3	73.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,300	6,360	7,800	7,300	6,360	7,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	925	410	515	6.1	5.4	6.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	4,560	5,520	5,120	4,560	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	15,150	7,545	7,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,520	7,180	7,340	95.8	95.2	96.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,360	54,150	44,640	49,360	54,150	44,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,550	7,185	7,360	96.0	95.2	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,240	45,960	38,600	42,240	45,960	38,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,350	6,645	6,705	88.1	88.1	88.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,320	53,300	41,440	47,320	53,300	41,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,365	5,835	5,530	75.0	77.3	72.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,200	50,960	41,200	46,200	50,960	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,745	4,265	5,480	64.3	56.5	72.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,680	8,150	9,100	8,680	8,150	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	880	365	515	5.8	4.8	6.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,960	6,240	7,480	6,960	6,240	7,480
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	15,155	7,545	7,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,330	2,975	2,355	35.2	39.4	31.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	64,500	55,200	60,800	64,500	55,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,600	68,600	59,550	64,600	68,600	59,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,105	1,890	2,215	27.1	25.0	29.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,800	30,800	28,000	28,800	30,800	28,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,840	40,200	32,120	35,840	40,200	32,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.2	91.0	84.8	88.2	91.0	84.8
Employment income (%)	73.2	76.4	69.6	73.2	76.4	69.6
Government transfers (%)	11.8	8.9	15.2	11.8	8.9	15.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.2	0.9	0.6	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	8,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,320	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	45,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,245	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	8,565	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	89,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,400	...	...	77,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,150	...	...	52,150	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,400	...	...	45,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,240	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,700	...	...	112,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,700	...	...	97,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	8,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	80	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	65	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	210	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	365	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	285	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	290	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	380	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	335	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	385	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	725	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	700	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	675	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	585	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	570	...	...	6.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,875	...	...	33.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,005	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	620	...	...	7.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	785	...	...	9.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	460	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	8,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	75	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	65	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	225	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	380	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	340	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	375	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	440	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	420	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	440	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	845	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	820	...	...	9.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	700	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	635	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	525	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,225	...	...	26.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	910	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	595	...	...	6.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	715	...	...	8.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	4,730	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	725	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,800	2,460	2,340	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	44,400	39,200	42,000	44,400	39,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	39,600	36,400	38,000	39,600	36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	4,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,100	...	...	113,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,700	...	...	97,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,340	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,700	...	...	106,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,500	...	...	92,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,495	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,800	...	...	142,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,300	...	...	121,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	725	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,200	...	...	74,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,800	...	...	66,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,805	2,455	2,340	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,120	50,680	45,440	48,120	50,680	45,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,160	44,040	40,200	42,160	44,040	40,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	17,290	8,675	8,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	2,530	1,350	1,185	14.6	15.6	13.8
0 to 5 years	920	480	440	5.3	5.5	5.1
18 to 64 years	11,285	5,775	5,515	65.3	66.6	64.0
65 years and over	3,475	1,555	1,915	20.1	17.9	22.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,650	780	870	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	230	125	105	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	80	35	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	945	470	475	...	...	...
65 years and over	475	190	290	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.6	9.0	10.1	9.6	9.0	10.1
0 to 17 years (%)	9.2	9.2	9.2	9.2	9.2	9.2
0 to 5 years (%)	9.0	8.0	9.6	9.0	8.0	9.6
18 to 64 years (%)	8.4	8.2	8.6	8.4	8.2	8.6
65 years and over (%)	13.7	12.0	15.1	13.7	12.0	15.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	17,290	8,670	8,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	2,535	1,345	1,185	14.7	15.5	13.8
0 to 5 years	915	480	440	5.3	5.5	5.1
18 to 64 years	11,280	5,770	5,515	65.2	66.6	64.0
65 years and over	3,470	1,555	1,915	20.1	17.9	22.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	795	425	370	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	100	55	45	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	30	15	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	620	335	285	...	...	...
65 years and over	75	35	35	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.9	4.3	4.6	4.9	4.3
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	3.9	4.0	4.0	3.9	4.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	2.4	4.0	3.0	2.4	4.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.5	5.8	5.2	5.5	5.8	5.2
65 years and over (%)	2.2	2.4	1.9	2.2	2.4	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	17,290	8,675	8,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	8,495	4,150	4,345	49.1	47.8	50.4
In bottom decile	1,740	870	870	10.1	10.0	10.1
In second decile	1,540	725	810	8.9	8.4	9.4
In third decile	1,655	805	850	9.6	9.3	9.9
In fourth decile	1,690	830	855	9.8	9.6	9.9
In fifth decile	1,880	920	960	10.9	10.6	11.1
In top half of the distribution	8,795	4,525	4,270	50.9	52.2	49.6
In sixth decile	1,930	980	950	11.2	11.3	11.0
In seventh decile	1,960	1,015	945	11.3	11.7	11.0
In eighth decile	1,775	935	845	10.3	10.8	9.8
In ninth decile	1,820	930	890	10.5	10.7	10.3
In top decile	1,310	665	645	7.6	7.7	7.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	17,290	...	...	17,290	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.288	...	...	0.288	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.390	...	...	0.390	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.259	...	...	0.259	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	17,365	8,725	8,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	14,940	7,550	7,395	86.0	86.5	85.5
French only	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	2,315	1,125	1,190	13.3	12.9	13.8
Neither English nor French	100	45	55	0.6	0.5	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	17,365	8,725	8,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	16,645	8,350	8,295	95.9	95.7	96.0
French	560	310	255	3.2	3.6	2.9
English and French	70	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Neither English nor French	95	40	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	17,365	8,725	8,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	16,865	8,475	8,390	97.1	97.1	97.1
Official languages	15,005	7,595	7,410	86.4	87.0	85.7
English	14,460	7,295	7,160	83.3	83.6	82.8
French	545	295	250	3.1	3.4	2.9
Non-official languages	1,865	880	980	10.7	10.1	11.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,850	880	975	10.7	10.1	11.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	65	45	0.6	0.7	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	100	60	40	0.6	0.7	0.5
Amharic	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Arabic	75	45	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	45	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	75	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	270	115	155	1.6	1.3	1.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	220	100	125	1.3	1.1	1.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	950	465	485	5.5	5.3	5.6
Albanian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	200	85	115	1.2	1.0	1.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	195	85	115	1.1	1.0	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	65	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	230	115	120	1.3	1.3	1.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	140	60	75	0.8	0.7	0.9
German	130	55	70	0.7	0.6	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Dutch	50	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	135	80	60	0.8	0.9	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	120	65	55	0.7	0.7	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	15	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	355	185	175	2.0	2.1	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Portuguese	85	40	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	215	105	110	1.2	1.2	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	10	50	0.3	0.1	0.6
Korean	50	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	200	90	110	1.2	1.0	1.3
Chinese languages	180	75	100	1.0	0.9	1.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	40	40	0.5	0.5	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	35	55	0.5	0.4	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	25	5	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	505	250	255	2.9	2.9	2.9
English and French	180	90	90	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	275	140	130	1.6	1.6	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	17,365	8,725	8,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	14,845	7,495	7,355	85.5	85.9	85.1
French	175	90	80	1.0	1.0	0.9
Non-official language	350	165	190	2.0	1.9	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	350	165	190	2.0	1.9	2.2
English and French	495	255	240	2.9	2.9	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	1,370	660	710	7.9	7.6	8.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	17,365	8,725	8,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	16,990	8,530	8,455	97.8	97.8	97.8
Official languages	16,190	8,150	8,040	93.2	93.4	93.0
English	15,945	8,015	7,930	91.8	91.9	91.7
French	250	135	110	1.4	1.5	1.3
Non-official languages	795	380	415	4.6	4.4	4.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	795	380	415	4.6	4.4	4.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	35	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	145	70	80	0.8	0.8	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	135	65	70	0.8	0.7	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	325	155	170	1.9	1.8	2.0
Albanian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	70	30	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	70	30	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	65	40	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	60	35	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	155	70	90	0.9	0.8	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	40	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	110	45	65	0.6	0.5	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	50	60	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	95	40	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	380	195	185	2.2	2.2	2.1
English and French	95	50	50	0.5	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	265	135	130	1.5	1.5	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	17,365	8,725	8,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	15,705	7,910	7,790	90.4	90.7	90.1
English	405	210	195	2.3	2.4	2.3
French	345	170	180	2.0	1.9	2.1
Non-official language	745	350	390	4.3	4.0	4.5
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	735	345	385	4.2	4.0	4.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	17,290	8,675	8,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	17,190	8,630	8,555	99.4	99.5	99.3
English	17,180	8,630	8,545	99.4	99.5	99.2
French	2,325	1,110	1,215	13.4	12.8	14.1
Non-official languages	2,950	1,435	1,515	17.1	16.5	17.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	35	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,915	1,405	1,505	16.9	16.2	17.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	185	95	90	1.1	1.1	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	175	95	85	1.0	1.1	1.0
Amharic	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Arabic	105	70	40	0.6	0.8	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170	70	100	1.0	0.8	1.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	120	45	75	0.7	0.5	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	330	150	180	1.9	1.7	2.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	300	135	160	1.7	1.6	1.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Kannada	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,595	770	835	9.2	8.9	9.7
Albanian	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	160	55	100	0.9	0.6	1.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	160	55	100	0.9	0.6	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	45	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	385	190	195	2.2	2.2	2.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	285	140	145	1.6	1.6	1.7
German	275	130	145	1.6	1.5	1.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	25	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Afrikaans	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swedish	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	170	85	85	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	170	85	85	1.0	1.0	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	85	50	40	0.5	0.6	0.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	35	45	0.5	0.4	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	885	440	445	5.1	5.1	5.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	115	70	40	0.7	0.8	0.5
Portuguese	145	65	75	0.8	0.7	0.9
Romanian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	715	350	365	4.1	4.0	4.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	150	75	75	0.9	0.9	0.9
Korean	55	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	105	60	50	0.6	0.7	0.6
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Lingala	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	50	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	295	135	155	1.7	1.6	1.8
Chinese languages	230	100	130	1.3	1.2	1.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	180	80	100	1.0	0.9	1.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	45	60	0.6	0.5	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	55	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,290	8,675	8,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	970	465	500	5.6	5.4	5.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	930	445	485	5.4	5.1	5.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	595	285	310	3.4	3.3	3.6
Métis	330	160	170	1.9	1.8	2.0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	16,320	8,210	8,115	94.4	94.6	94.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,290	8,675	8,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	430	190	235	2.5	2.2	2.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	16,860	8,485	8,380	97.5	97.8	97.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	8,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	4,185	...	...	48.9	...	...
Renter	4,380	...	...	51.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	8,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,705	...	...	19.9	...	...
Not condominium	6,855	...	...	80.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	8,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	135	...	...	1.6	...	...
1 bedroom	2,200	...	...	25.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,165	...	...	37.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,960	...	...	22.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,105	...	...	12.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	8,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,150	...	...	48.5	...	...
5 rooms	1,400	...	...	16.3	...	...
6 rooms	985	...	...	11.5	...	...
7 rooms	705	...	...	8.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,320	...	...	15.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	8,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	8,480	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	85	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	8,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	8,140	...	...	95.0	...	...
Not suitable	425	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	8,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,525	...	...	29.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,500	...	...	40.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	680	...	...	7.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	765	...	...	8.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	325	...	...	3.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	305	...	...	3.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	205	...	...	2.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	255	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	8,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,895	...	...	92.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	670	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	8,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,745	...	...	55.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,465	...	...	40.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	360	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	8,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	315	...	...	3.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,355	...	...	15.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,555	...	...	18.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,290	...	...	15.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,655	...	...	19.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,455	...	...	17.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	670	...	...	7.8	...	...
85 years and over	270	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	8,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,145	...	...	71.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,400	...	...	28.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,185	...	...	25.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	8,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,165	...	...	37.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,125	...	...	24.8	...	...
Not suitable only	315	...	...	3.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	400	...	...	4.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	55	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	215	...	...	2.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,395	...	...	63.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	8,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,515	...	...	18.2	...	...
Not in core need	6,820	...	...	81.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,185	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.4	...	...	61.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.5	...	...	19.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.6	...	...	7.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,440	...	...	1,440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,586	...	...	1,586	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...	750,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	776,000	...	...	776,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,380	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.8	...	...	11.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.4	...	...	36.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.5	...	...	28.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,230	...	...	1,230	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,312	...	...	1,312	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	17,290	8,670	8,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	340	165	170	2.0	1.9	2.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	335	165	165	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	305	160	150	1.8	1.8	1.7
Métis single ancestry	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	785	420	365	4.5	4.8	4.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	745	405	345	4.3	4.7	4.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	565	315	245	3.3	3.6	2.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	180	90	85	1.0	1.0	1.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	16,165	8,090	8,080	93.5	93.3	93.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	17,290	8,675	8,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	16,190	8,150	8,050	93.6	93.9	93.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,390	1,270	1,125	13.8	14.6	13.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,800	6,875	6,920	79.8	79.3	80.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,100	530	575	6.4	6.1	6.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	17,290	8,675	8,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	14,355	7,215	7,150	83.0	83.2	83.0
Immigrants⁸¹	2,640	1,335	1,310	15.3	15.4	15.2
Before 1980	750	385	365	4.3	4.4	4.2
1980 to 1990	330	170	165	1.9	2.0	1.9
1991 to 2000	310	145	165	1.8	1.7	1.9
2001 to 2010	525	250	275	3.0	2.9	3.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	725	380	340	4.2	4.4	3.9
2011 to 2015	280	135	145	1.6	1.6	1.7
2016 to 2021	445	250	200	2.6	2.9	2.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	285	130	160	1.6	1.5	1.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,645	1,330	1,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	370	195	170	14.0	14.7	13.0
5 to 14 years	540	305	240	20.4	22.9	18.3
15 to 24 years	420	210	205	15.9	15.8	15.6
25 to 44 years	1,090	525	565	41.2	39.5	43.1
45 years and over	225	100	130	8.5	7.5	9.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,645	1,330	1,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	405	225	185	15.3	16.9	14.1
Brazil	35	25	10	1.3	1.9	0.8
Colombia	35	25	10	1.3	1.9	0.8
El Salvador	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Mexico	35	10	30	1.3	0.8	2.3
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
United States of America	215	100	110	8.1	7.5	8.4
Other places of birth in Americas	40	30	10	1.5	2.3	0.8
Europe	995	515	480	37.6	38.7	36.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	25	10	15	0.9	0.8	1.1
France	50	15	40	1.9	1.1	3.1
Germany	85	45	45	3.2	3.4	3.4
Greece	25	10	10	0.9	0.8	0.8
Hungary	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
Italy	35	35	0	1.3	2.6	0.0
Netherlands	15	15	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
Poland	40	10	25	1.5	0.8	1.9
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	525	285	240	19.8	21.4	18.3
Other places of birth in Europe	125	80	50	4.7	6.0	3.8
Africa	220	115	110	8.3	8.6	8.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	10	0.8	0.8	0.8
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	30	20	10	1.1	1.5	0.8
Ethiopia	30	10	20	1.1	0.8	1.5
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	25	20	1.9	1.9	1.5
Other places of birth in Africa	75	40	35	2.8	3.0	2.7
Asia	950	435	515	35.9	32.7	39.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	30	20	1.9	2.3	1.5
Turkey	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
China⁹⁰	115	50	60	4.3	3.8	4.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	10	1.1	1.1	0.8
Taiwan	15	15	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
Philippines	270	120	150	10.2	9.0	11.5
Viet Nam	60	20	45	2.3	1.5	3.4
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
India	145	75	75	5.5	5.6	5.7
Pakistan	25	15	10	0.9	1.1	0.8
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	195	75	120	7.4	5.6	9.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60	45	15	2.3	3.4	1.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	445	245	200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	50	30	15	11.2	12.2	7.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	25	20	0	5.6	8.2	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	70	35	35	15.7	14.3	17.5
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	10	0	4.5	4.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	45	20	25	10.1	8.2	12.5
Africa	85	55	25	19.1	22.4	12.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	10	3.4	0.0	5.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	20	15	0	4.5	6.1	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	0	3.4	4.1	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	20	10	6.7	8.2	5.0
Asia	225	110	120	50.6	44.9	60.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	2.2	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	25	0	6.7	10.2	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	25	0	25	5.6	0.0	12.5
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	60	25	30	13.5	10.2	15.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	30	20	11.2	12.2	10.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	2.2	0.0	5.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	3.4	0.0	5.0
Oceania and other⁹³	20	15	0	4.5	6.1	0.0
Australia	20	10	0	4.5	4.1	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	17,290	8,675	8,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,160	1,585	1,580	18.3	18.3	18.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,455	1,690	1,770	20.0	19.5	20.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	10,670	5,400	5,270	61.7	62.2	61.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,890	945	950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	860	435	420	45.5	46.0	44.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	390	210	185	20.6	22.2	19.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	465	230	240	24.6	24.3	25.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	675	315	365	35.7	33.3	38.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	335	195	145	17.7	20.6	15.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	0	15	1.1	0.0	1.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,890	945	950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40	30	10	2.1	3.2	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	340	175	160	18.0	18.5	16.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	90	50	40	4.8	5.3	4.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	130	45	85	6.9	4.8	8.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,275	640	630	67.5	67.7	66.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	17,290	8,675	8,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,365	1,185	1,185	13.7	13.7	13.8
South Asian	305	175	130	1.8	2.0	1.5
Chinese	300	120	180	1.7	1.4	2.1
Black	405	225	180	2.3	2.6	2.1
Filipino	390	200	190	2.3	2.3	2.2
Arab	95	55	40	0.5	0.6	0.5
Latin American	215	115	105	1.2	1.3	1.2
Southeast Asian	245	110	135	1.4	1.3	1.6
West Asian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	155	60	95	0.9	0.7	1.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	80	40	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	110	50	60	0.6	0.6	0.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	14,925	7,490	7,430	86.3	86.3	86.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	17,290	8,675	8,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	1,815	905	910	10.5	10.4	10.6
English	5,890	2,920	2,970	34.1	33.7	34.5
Irish	3,510	1,650	1,860	20.3	19.0	21.6
Scottish	4,445	2,150	2,295	25.7	24.8	26.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,700	835	865	9.8	9.6	10.0
German	2,305	1,125	1,180	13.3	13.0	13.7
Chinese	395	175	225	2.3	2.0	2.6
Italian	540	250	290	3.1	2.9	3.4
Indian (India)	235	140	100	1.4	1.6	1.2
Ukrainian	885	490	390	5.1	5.6	4.5
Dutch	655	325	335	3.8	3.7	3.9
Polish	535	255	280	3.1	2.9	3.2
Québécois	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,070	540	530	6.2	6.2	6.1
Filipino	405	200	210	2.3	2.3	2.4
French Canadian	280	130	150	1.6	1.5	1.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	310	155	155	1.8	1.8	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	390	195	190	2.3	2.2	2.2
Métis	250	120	135	1.4	1.4	1.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	450	230	215	2.6	2.7	2.5
Russian	345	190	160	2.0	2.2	1.9
Norwegian	590	290	295	3.4	3.3	3.4
Welsh	780	350	425	4.5	4.0	4.9
Portuguese	130	75	50	0.8	0.9	0.6
American	290	110	185	1.7	1.3	2.1
Spanish	200	110	85	1.2	1.3	1.0
Swedish	390	220	165	2.3	2.5	1.9
Hungarian	240	115	125	1.4	1.3	1.5
Acadian	75	15	60	0.4	0.2	0.7
Pakistani	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	175	100	80	1.0	1.2	0.9
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	160	65	90	0.9	0.7	1.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	60	40	25	0.3	0.5	0.3
Greek	85	30	60	0.5	0.3	0.7
Jamaican	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	115	75	40	0.7	0.9	0.5
Korean	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	125	70	60	0.7	0.8	0.7
Lebanese	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	270	145	130	1.6	1.7	1.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	115	70	50	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	215	100	110	1.2	1.2	1.3
Belgian	90	35	55	0.5	0.4	0.6
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mexican	60	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.5
Mennonite	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Swiss	110	50	60	0.6	0.6	0.7
Finnish	130	75	55	0.8	0.9	0.6
Sri Lankan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Croatian	140	80	60	0.8	0.9	0.7
Japanese	165	65	100	1.0	0.7	1.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	35	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	140	75	65	0.8	0.9	0.8
Muslim	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	215	95	120	1.2	1.1	1.4
Colombian	45	35	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	65	30	30	0.4	0.3	0.3
Syrian	60	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Guyanese	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	60	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.5
Serbian	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ojibway	45	20	20	0.3	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	40	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Persian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	85	65	30	0.5	0.7	0.3
Nigerian	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Armenian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	60	45	20	0.3	0.5	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	30	20	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
South African	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	100	70	35	0.6	0.8	0.4
Palestinian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chilean	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Congolese	45	25	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nova Scotian	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peruvian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	50	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Israeli	30	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mohawk	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Albertan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bengali	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cameroonian	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Guatemalan	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	25	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
British Columbian	50	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	30	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dominican	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepali	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Malaysian	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cape Bretoner	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rwandan	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	50	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	17,290	8,675	8,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	265	125	140	1.5	1.4	1.6
Christian	5,540	2,510	3,025	32.0	28.9	35.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,085	505	580	6.3	5.8	6.7
Anabaptist	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Anglican	820	315	505	4.7	3.6	5.9
Baptist	140	70	70	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catholic	1,735	805	925	10.0	9.3	10.7
Christian Orthodox	70	40	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	55	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.5
Latter Day Saints	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	120	60	65	0.7	0.7	0.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	235	120	115	1.4	1.4	1.3
Presbyterian	120	40	75	0.7	0.5	0.9
Reformed	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Church	590	245	345	3.4	2.8	4.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	475	245	230	2.7	2.8	2.7
Hindu	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	120	65	55	0.7	0.7	0.6
Muslim	150	85	65	0.9	1.0	0.8
Sikh	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	370	150	220	2.1	1.7	2.6
No religion and secular perspectives	10,705	5,660	5,040	61.9	65.2	58.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	17,155	8,595	8,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	14,345	7,215	7,130	83.6	83.9	83.3
Movers	2,815	1,385	1,430	16.4	16.1	16.7
Non-migrants	1,850	945	900	10.8	11.0	10.5
Migrants	965	440	530	5.6	5.1	6.2
Internal migrants	845	390	455	4.9	4.5	5.3
Intraprovincial migrants	490	220	270	2.9	2.6	3.2
Interprovincial migrants	355	170	185	2.1	2.0	2.2
External migrants	125	50	70	0.7	0.6	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	16,575	8,295	8,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	8,775	4,285	4,490	52.9	51.7	54.2
Movers	7,800	4,010	3,790	47.1	48.3	45.8
Non-migrants	1,695	975	720	10.2	11.8	8.7
Migrants	6,105	3,035	3,060	36.8	36.6	37.0
Internal migrants	5,550	2,755	2,795	33.5	33.2	33.8
Intraprovincial migrants	4,015	1,965	2,055	24.2	23.7	24.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,530	795	735	9.2	9.6	8.9
External migrants	550	280	270	3.3	3.4	3.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,155	7,545	7,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,090	1,190	900	13.8	15.8	11.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,060	6,360	6,705	86.2	84.3	88.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,165	5,220	4,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,095	685	410	10.8	13.1	8.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,070	4,535	4,535	89.2	86.9	91.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,150	7,545	7,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,810	1,010	800	11.9	13.4	10.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,525	2,350	2,170	29.9	31.1	28.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,820	4,180	4,635	58.2	55.4	60.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,535	2,250	2,285	29.9	29.8	30.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,135	830	305	7.5	11.0	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	465	245	220	3.1	3.2	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	670	585	85	4.4	7.8	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,955	1,230	1,725	19.5	16.3	22.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	445	190	255	2.9	2.5	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,285	1,930	2,350	28.3	25.6	30.9
Bachelor's degree	2,745	1,235	1,510	18.1	16.4	19.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	220	90	130	1.5	1.2	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Master's degree	1,120	480	640	7.4	6.4	8.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	160	100	60	1.1	1.3	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,170	5,215	4,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	920	575	345	9.0	11.0	7.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,725	1,570	1,155	26.8	30.1	23.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,525	3,075	3,450	64.2	59.0	69.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,245	1,625	1,620	31.9	31.2	32.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	810	580	230	8.0	11.1	4.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	325	160	165	3.2	3.1	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	485	420	65	4.8	8.1	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,125	905	1,225	20.9	17.4	24.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	310	140	170	3.0	2.7	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,275	1,450	1,825	32.2	27.8	36.9
Bachelor's degree	2,135	950	1,180	21.0	18.2	23.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	145	50	95	1.4	1.0	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Master's degree	845	365	485	8.3	7.0	9.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	120	70	55	1.2	1.3	1.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,155	7,545	7,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,335	3,365	2,970	41.8	44.6	39.0
Education	550	175	380	3.6	2.3	5.0
13. Education	550	175	380	3.6	2.3	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	405	185	220	2.7	2.5	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	370	160	215	2.4	2.1	2.8
Humanities	570	235	335	3.8	3.1	4.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	0	45	0.3	0.0	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	130	40	95	0.9	0.5	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	125	45	80	0.8	0.6	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	120	75	55	0.8	1.0	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,340	495	850	8.8	6.6	11.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	10	55	0.4	0.1	0.7
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	135	60	70	0.9	0.8	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	190	20	170	1.3	0.3	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	210	70	145	1.4	0.9	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
42. Psychology	200	75	125	1.3	1.0	1.6
45. Social sciences	485	230	255	3.2	3.0	3.4
Business, management and public administration	1,475	615	860	9.7	8.2	11.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	205	70	135	1.4	0.9	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,270	545	725	8.4	7.2	9.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	455	215	240	3.0	2.8	3.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	200	80	125	1.3	1.1	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	40	45	0.6	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	130	70	60	0.9	0.9	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	300	205	95	2.0	2.7	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	205	150	50	1.4	2.0	0.7
25. Library science	50	10	40	0.3	0.1	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	45	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,560	1,380	185	10.3	18.3	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	80	45	35	0.5	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	290	235	50	1.9	3.1	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	405	365	45	2.7	4.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	415	410	0	2.7	5.4	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	205	180	25	1.4	2.4	0.3
48. Precision production	170	150	25	1.1	2.0	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	200	95	105	1.3	1.3	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	85	30	55	0.6	0.4	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	110	60	50	0.7	0.8	0.7
Health and related fields	1,395	300	1,090	9.2	4.0	14.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	110	60	55	0.7	0.8	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,265	235	1,030	8.3	3.1	13.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	570	290	280	3.8	3.8	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	305	90	215	2.0	1.2	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	40	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	100	50	50	0.7	0.7	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	115	100	15	0.8	1.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,165	5,220	4,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,640	2,145	1,495	35.8	41.1	30.2
Education	325	95	230	3.2	1.8	4.7
13. Education	325	95	230	3.2	1.8	4.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	305	130	175	3.0	2.5	3.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	295	130	160	2.9	2.5	3.2
Humanities	340	130	215	3.3	2.5	4.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	0	30	0.4	0.0	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	85	25	60	0.8	0.5	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75	30	50	0.7	0.6	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
54. History	75	35	35	0.7	0.7	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,110	395	720	10.9	7.6	14.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	10	55	0.6	0.2	1.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	115	55	60	1.1	1.1	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	165	25	140	1.6	0.5	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	190	55	140	1.9	1.1	2.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
42. Psychology	140	40	95	1.4	0.8	1.9
45. Social sciences	410	195	215	4.0	3.7	4.3
Business, management and public administration	1,105	490	620	10.9	9.4	12.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	140	65	75	1.4	1.2	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	965	420	545	9.5	8.0	11.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	365	150	210	3.6	2.9	4.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	155	60	100	1.5	1.1	2.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	35	45	0.8	0.7	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	105	50	55	1.0	1.0	1.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	205	165	40	2.0	3.2	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	160	135	30	1.6	2.6	0.6
25. Library science	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,160	1,000	155	11.4	19.2	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	60	25	30	0.6	0.5	0.6
14. Engineering	240	190	50	2.4	3.6	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	300	260	40	3.0	5.0	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	325	320	0	3.2	6.1	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	130	105	25	1.3	2.0	0.5
48. Precision production	100	90	10	1.0	1.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	140	50	85	1.4	1.0	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	70	25	40	0.7	0.5	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	70	30	40	0.7	0.6	0.8
Health and related fields	1,005	235	765	9.9	4.5	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	95	50	45	0.9	1.0	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	895	175	720	8.8	3.4	14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	465	225	240	4.6	4.3	4.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	250	70	180	2.5	1.3	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	40	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	85	35	40	0.8	0.7	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	90	70	10	0.9	1.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	10,165	5,220	4,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,640	2,145	1,495	35.8	41.1	30.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,520	3,070	3,450	64.1	58.8	69.8
Location of study inside Canada	5,645	2,625	3,020	55.5	50.3	61.1
Same as province or territory of residence	3,875	1,740	2,135	38.1	33.3	43.2
Different than province or territory of residence	1,775	885	890	17.5	17.0	18.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	875	450	430	8.6	8.6	8.7
Americas	235	135	95	2.3	2.6	1.9
United States of America	150	100	55	1.5	1.9	1.1
Mexico	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombia	20	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Europe	235	110	125	2.3	2.1	2.5
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Germany	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	140	60	75	1.4	1.1	1.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	50	20	25	0.5	0.4	0.5
Nigeria	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asia	290	130	160	2.9	2.5	3.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Philippines	120	50	75	1.2	1.0	1.5
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Oceania	70	50	20	0.7	1.0	0.4
Australia	65	45	20	0.6	0.9	0.4
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	15,150	7,545	7,610	...	...	...
In the labour force	9,980	5,280	4,700	...	...	...
Employed	9,190	4,875	4,315	...	...	...
Unemployed	790	405	385	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	5,170	2,265	2,905	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.9	70.0	61.8	65.9	70.0	61.8
Employment rate	60.7	64.6	56.7	60.7	64.6	56.7
Unemployment rate	7.9	7.7	8.2	7.9	7.7	8.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	15,155	7,545	7,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,015	2,255	2,765	33.1	29.9	36.3
Worked	10,135	5,290	4,845	66.9	70.1	63.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,490	3,095	2,390	36.2	41.0	31.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,645	2,195	2,450	30.6	29.1	32.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.4	41.0	41.7	42.4	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	9,980	5,280	4,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	180	105	75	1.8	2.0	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,800	5,175	4,630	98.2	98.0	98.4
Employee	8,450	4,435	4,015	84.7	84.0	85.3
Permanent position	7,165	3,740	3,430	71.8	70.8	72.9
Temporary position	1,285	695	585	12.9	13.2	12.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	550	315	230	5.5	6.0	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	740	385	355	7.4	7.3	7.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,355	740	610	13.6	14.0	13.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	9,980	5,280	4,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	180	105	75	1.8	2.0	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,800	5,175	4,630	98.2	98.0	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	105	45	60	1.1	0.9	1.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,670	565	1,105	16.7	10.7	23.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	765	580	185	7.7	11.0	3.9
3 Health occupations	780	205	575	7.8	3.9	12.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,645	760	885	16.5	14.4	18.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	345	145	200	3.5	2.7	4.3
6 Sales and service occupations	2,590	1,220	1,370	26.0	23.1	29.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,525	1,385	140	15.3	26.2	3.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	155	120	40	1.6	2.3	0.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	210	150	60	2.1	2.8	1.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	9,980	5,280	4,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	180	105	75	1.8	2.0	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	9,800	5,175	4,630	98.2	98.0	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	75	30	50	0.8	0.6	1.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
22 Utilities	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
23 Construction	645	565	80	6.5	10.7	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	415	280	135	4.2	5.3	2.9
41 Wholesale trade	120	85	35	1.2	1.6	0.7
44-45 Retail trade	1,030	505	530	10.3	9.6	11.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	315	270	40	3.2	5.1	0.9
51 Information and cultural industries	125	80	50	1.3	1.5	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	180	70	110	1.8	1.3	2.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	245	110	135	2.5	2.1	2.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	755	400	355	7.6	7.6	7.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	495	320	170	5.0	6.1	3.6
61 Educational services	575	190	390	5.8	3.6	8.3
62 Health care and social assistance	1,345	370	980	13.5	7.0	20.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	210	90	115	2.1	1.7	2.4
72 Accommodation and food services	765	390	370	7.7	7.4	7.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	435	200	230	4.4	3.8	4.9
91 Public administration	2,045	1,195	855	20.5	22.6	18.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	10,695	5,610	5,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	10,270	5,410	4,860	96.0	96.4	95.5
French	30	0	30	0.3	0.0	0.6
Non-official language	35	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	35	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and French	225	120	105	2.1	2.1	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	130	55	80	1.2	1.0	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	10,695	5,610	5,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	10,665	5,590	5,070	99.7	99.6	99.6
Official languages	10,605	5,570	5,035	99.2	99.3	98.9
English	10,555	5,565	4,990	98.7	99.2	98.0
French	45	0	40	0.4	0.0	0.8
Non-official languages	60	20	35	0.6	0.4	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	20	35	0.6	0.4	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and French	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	10,695	5,610	5,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	10,370	5,445	4,925	97.0	97.1	96.8
English	45	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.6
French	180	105	80	1.7	1.9	1.6
Non-official language	80	35	45	0.7	0.6	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	80	35	45	0.7	0.6	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,195	4,875	4,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,990	920	1,070	21.6	18.9	24.8
Worked outside Canada	25	25	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,410	1,035	375	15.3	21.2	8.7
Usual place of work	5,770	2,895	2,875	62.8	59.4	66.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,770	2,895	2,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,510	905	605	26.2	31.3	21.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,140	1,920	2,230	71.8	66.3	77.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	85	60	35	1.5	2.1	1.2
Commute to a different province or territory	30	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,180	3,930	3,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	4,710	2,575	2,130	65.6	65.5	65.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	4,340	2,445	1,900	60.4	62.2	58.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	365	135	240	5.1	3.4	7.4
Public transit	880	360	515	12.3	9.2	15.8
Walked	785	455	325	10.9	11.6	10.0
Bicycle	535	355	190	7.5	9.0	5.8
Other method	265	180	85	3.7	4.6	2.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,180	3,930	3,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	2,570	1,445	1,120	35.8	36.8	34.5
15 to 29 minutes	3,235	1,675	1,560	45.1	42.6	48.0
30 to 44 minutes	915	575	340	12.7	14.6	10.5
45 to 59 minutes	240	95	145	3.3	2.4	4.5
60 minutes and over	220	145	75	3.1	3.7	2.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,180	3,930	3,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	350	235	120	4.9	6.0	3.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,170	720	445	16.3	18.3	13.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,135	1,265	870	29.7	32.2	26.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,465	630	835	20.4	16.0	25.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,120	530	590	15.6	13.5	18.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	935	550	385	13.0	14.0	11.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,575	1,370	1,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	340	180	160	13.2	13.1	13.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,235	1,195	1,040	86.8	87.2	86.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,770	960	810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	240	130	110	13.6	13.5	13.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	190	100	90	10.7	10.4	11.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	55	30	25	3.1	3.1	3.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,530	830	700	86.4	86.5	86.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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