Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
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Commuting destination
Commuting duration
Main mode of commuting
Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Ethnic or cultural origin
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Families, households, and marital status
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Family characteristics
Household type
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Housing
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Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
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Admission category and applicant type
Age at immigration
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Immigrant status and period of immigration
Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
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Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
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Indigenous population
Instruction in the minority official language
Select all: Instruction in the minority official language
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
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Class of worker including job permanency
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Labour force status
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
Language
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Language used most often at work
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Mobility and migration
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Mobility status 1 year ago
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Population and dwelling counts
Population and dwellings
Type of dwelling
Household and dwelling characteristics
GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Victoria, City (CY)More information:
British Columbia
[Census subdivision]
 Remove		 59170203More information:
British Columbia
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 Capital, Regional district (RD)More information:
British Columbia
[Census division]
 Remove
Counts Rates Counts Rates Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 91,867 ... ... ... ... ... 672 ... ... ... ... ... 415,451 ... ... ... ... ...
Population, 20161 85,792 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 383,360 ... ... ... ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 7.1 ... ... 7.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 8.4 ... ... 8.4 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 53,070 ... ... ... ... ... 301 ... ... ... ... ... 198,435 ... ... ... ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 49,222 ... ... ... ... ... 291 ... ... ... ... ... 185,206 ... ... ... ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 4,722.3 ... ... 4,722.3 ... ... 3,576.4 ... ... 3,576.4 ... ... 177.7 ... ... 177.7 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 19.45 ... ... ... ... ... 0.19 ... ... ... ... ... 2,338.22 ... ... ... ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 91,870 43,585 48,285 100.0 100.0 100.0 675 310 360 100.0 100.0 100.0 415,455 200,970 214,485 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 8,450 4,240 4,205 9.2 9.7 8.7 105 55 50 15.6 17.7 13.9 52,380 26,725 25,655 12.6 13.3 12.0
0 to 4 years 2,910 1,510 1,400 3.2 3.5 2.9 30 15 10 4.4 4.8 2.8 15,655 7,970 7,685 3.8 4.0 3.6
5 to 9 years 2,835 1,395 1,440 3.1 3.2 3.0 30 15 20 4.4 4.8 5.6 18,325 9,300 9,025 4.4 4.6 4.2
10 to 14 years 2,705 1,340 1,365 2.9 3.1 2.8 40 20 15 5.9 6.5 4.2 18,405 9,455 8,950 4.4 4.7 4.2
15 to 64 years 62,060 30,275 31,785 67.6 69.5 65.8 425 190 230 63.0 61.3 63.9 263,425 129,180 134,245 63.4 64.3 62.6
15 to 19 years 2,710 1,375 1,340 2.9 3.2 2.8 20 10 15 3.0 3.2 4.2 19,030 9,680 9,350 4.6 4.8 4.4
20 to 24 years 6,040 2,565 3,475 6.6 5.9 7.2 35 20 20 5.2 6.5 5.6 24,240 11,965 12,280 5.8 6.0 5.7
25 to 29 years 8,765 4,240 4,525 9.5 9.7 9.4 45 20 25 6.7 6.5 6.9 27,070 13,655 13,415 6.5 6.8 6.3
30 to 34 years 9,035 4,545 4,490 9.8 10.4 9.3 40 15 25 5.9 4.8 6.9 28,360 14,100 14,255 6.8 7.0 6.6
35 to 39 years 7,455 3,820 3,635 8.1 8.8 7.5 40 15 20 5.9 4.8 5.6 28,460 14,170 14,290 6.9 7.1 6.7
40 to 44 years 5,985 3,035 2,945 6.5 7.0 6.1 50 25 20 7.4 8.1 5.6 26,245 13,010 13,235 6.3 6.5 6.2
45 to 49 years 5,205 2,635 2,570 5.7 6.0 5.3 50 20 30 7.4 6.5 8.3 24,655 11,970 12,690 5.9 6.0 5.9
50 to 54 years 5,340 2,635 2,705 5.8 6.0 5.6 50 25 25 7.4 8.1 6.9 26,190 12,690 13,500 6.3 6.3 6.3
55 to 59 years 5,560 2,665 2,895 6.1 6.1 6.0 40 15 25 5.9 4.8 6.9 28,835 13,805 15,035 6.9 6.9 7.0
60 to 64 years 5,965 2,755 3,205 6.5 6.3 6.6 45 20 20 6.7 6.5 5.6 30,340 14,135 16,205 7.3 7.0 7.6
65 years and over 21,350 9,065 12,285 23.2 20.8 25.4 145 65 80 21.5 21.0 22.2 99,645 45,065 54,580 24.0 22.4 25.4
65 to 69 years 6,020 2,675 3,345 6.6 6.1 6.9 55 25 30 8.1 8.1 8.3 29,775 13,725 16,045 7.2 6.8 7.5
70 to 74 years 5,905 2,675 3,230 6.4 6.1 6.7 50 20 25 7.4 6.5 6.9 27,140 12,690 14,450 6.5 6.3 6.7
75 to 79 years 3,705 1,685 2,015 4.0 3.9 4.2 20 10 10 3.0 3.2 2.8 18,105 8,475 9,630 4.4 4.2 4.5
80 to 84 years 2,410 990 1,430 2.6 2.3 3.0 10 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.8 11,525 5,140 6,385 2.8 2.6 3.0
85 years and over 3,320 1,045 2,270 3.6 2.4 4.7 10 5 10 1.5 1.6 2.8 13,105 5,035 8,065 3.2 2.5 3.8
85 to 89 years 1,675 605 1,065 1.8 1.4 2.2 5 5 5 0.7 1.6 1.4 7,390 3,110 4,280 1.8 1.5 2.0
90 to 94 years 1,235 350 890 1.3 0.8 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,280 1,480 2,805 1.0 0.7 1.3
95 to 99 years 355 80 275 0.4 0.2 0.6 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 1,280 410 870 0.3 0.2 0.4
100 years and over 45 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 35 110 0.0 0.0 0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 9.2 9.7 8.7 9.2 9.7 8.7 15.6 17.7 13.9 15.6 17.7 13.9 12.6 13.3 12.0 12.6 13.3 12.0
15 to 64 years 67.6 69.5 65.8 67.6 69.5 65.8 63.0 61.3 63.9 63.0 61.3 63.9 63.4 64.3 62.6 63.4 64.3 62.6
65 years and over 23.2 20.8 25.4 23.2 20.8 25.4 21.5 21.0 22.2 21.5 21.0 22.2 24.0 22.4 25.4 24.0 22.4 25.4
85 years and over 3.6 2.4 4.7 3.6 2.4 4.7 1.5 1.6 2.8 1.5 1.6 2.8 3.2 2.5 3.8 3.2 2.5 3.8
Average age of the population 45.2 44.0 46.3 45.2 44.0 46.3 43.2 42.4 44.0 43.2 42.4 44.0 45.1 44.1 46.1 45.1 44.1 46.1
Median age of the population 42.8 41.6 44.0 42.8 41.6 44.0 44.8 44.4 45.2 44.8 44.4 45.2 45.2 44.0 46.8 45.2 44.0 46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 290 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 185,210 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Single-detached house 6,685 ... ... 13.6 ... ... 150 ... ... 51.7 ... ... 74,635 ... ... 40.3 ... ...
Semi-detached house 1,150 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 5 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 6,655 ... ... 3.6 ... ...
Row house 2,305 ... ... 4.7 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 11,520 ... ... 6.2 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 4,450 ... ... 9.0 ... ... 85 ... ... 29.3 ... ... 27,395 ... ... 14.8 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 23,510 ... ... 47.8 ... ... 35 ... ... 12.1 ... ... 47,560 ... ... 25.7 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 11,000 ... ... 22.3 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 14,650 ... ... 7.9 ... ...
Other single-attached house 80 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 5 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 320 ... ... 0.2 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 35 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 2,475 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 290 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 185,205 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 person 24,100 ... ... 49.0 ... ... 80 ... ... 27.6 ... ... 62,480 ... ... 33.7 ... ...
2 persons 17,060 ... ... 34.7 ... ... 105 ... ... 36.2 ... ... 69,515 ... ... 37.5 ... ...
3 persons 4,295 ... ... 8.7 ... ... 55 ... ... 19.0 ... ... 23,890 ... ... 12.9 ... ...
4 persons 2,620 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 30 ... ... 10.3 ... ... 19,245 ... ... 10.4 ... ...
5 or more persons 1,145 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 10,080 ... ... 5.4 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 87,890 41,820 46,065 100.0 100.0 100.0 670 310 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 406,080 196,725 209,350 100.0 100.0 100.0
Average household size 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 2.2 ... ... 2.2 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 83,415 39,340 44,075 100.0 100.0 100.0 565 255 315 100.0 100.0 100.0 363,070 174,245 188,825 100.0 100.0 100.0
Married or living common-law 38,580 19,280 19,305 46.3 49.0 43.8 340 170 170 60.2 66.7 54.0 203,960 101,785 102,180 56.2 58.4 54.1
Married 26,155 13,060 13,095 31.4 33.2 29.7 270 135 135 47.8 52.9 42.9 159,930 79,805 80,130 44.0 45.8 42.4
Living common-law 12,425 6,215 6,205 14.9 15.8 14.1 75 35 35 13.3 13.7 11.1 44,025 21,980 22,050 12.1 12.6 11.7
Living common law - Never married 10,080 5,020 5,055 12.1 12.8 11.5 55 25 25 9.7 9.8 7.9 32,120 16,035 16,090 8.8 9.2 8.5
Living common law - Separated 270 150 120 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,460 795 660 0.4 0.5 0.3
Living common law - Divorced 1,945 995 955 2.3 2.5 2.2 15 10 5 2.7 3.9 1.6 9,510 4,750 4,760 2.6 2.7 2.5
Living common law - Widowed 125 50 75 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 935 395 535 0.3 0.2 0.3
Not married and not living common-law 44,835 20,060 24,770 53.7 51.0 56.2 225 85 140 39.8 33.3 44.4 159,110 72,460 86,645 43.8 41.6 45.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married 29,280 14,960 14,320 35.1 38.0 32.5 155 70 90 27.4 27.5 28.6 100,570 53,570 47,000 27.7 30.7 24.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated 2,400 1,000 1,395 2.9 2.5 3.2 10 5 10 1.8 2.0 3.2 9,350 4,025 5,325 2.6 2.3 2.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 8,670 3,180 5,495 10.4 8.1 12.5 35 15 25 6.2 5.9 7.9 29,405 10,590 18,810 8.1 6.1 10.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 4,485 925 3,560 5.4 2.4 8.1 15 5 15 2.7 2.0 4.8 19,785 4,275 15,510 5.4 2.5 8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 21,760 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 190 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 115,355 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
2 persons 15,225 ... ... 70.0 ... ... 100 ... ... 52.6 ... ... 70,395 ... ... 61.0 ... ...
3 persons 3,545 ... ... 16.3 ... ... 50 ... ... 26.3 ... ... 21,755 ... ... 18.9 ... ...
4 persons 2,340 ... ... 10.8 ... ... 30 ... ... 15.8 ... ... 17,965 ... ... 15.6 ... ...
5 or more persons 650 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 10 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 5,245 ... ... 4.5 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.5 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 1.6 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 21,760 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 190 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 115,355 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total couple families 18,540 ... ... 85.2 ... ... 170 ... ... 89.5 ... ... 99,345 ... ... 86.1 ... ...
Married couples 12,330 ... ... 56.7 ... ... 130 ... ... 68.4 ... ... 77,340 ... ... 67.0 ... ...
With children6 4,670 ... ... 21.5 ... ... 75 ... ... 39.5 ... ... 33,980 ... ... 29.5 ... ...
Without children 7,670 ... ... 35.2 ... ... 60 ... ... 31.6 ... ... 43,360 ... ... 37.6 ... ...
Common-law couples 6,205 ... ... 28.5 ... ... 35 ... ... 18.4 ... ... 22,005 ... ... 19.1 ... ...
With children6 980 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 5 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 5,755 ... ... 5.0 ... ...
Without children 5,225 ... ... 24.0 ... ... 30 ... ... 15.8 ... ... 16,250 ... ... 14.1 ... ...
Total one-parent families 3,225 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 25 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 16,005 ... ... 13.9 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 2,585 ... ... 11.9 ... ... 15 ... ... 7.9 ... ... 12,200 ... ... 10.6 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 640 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 5 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 3,810 ... ... 3.3 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 87,890 41,825 46,065 100.0 100.0 100.0 670 310 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 406,075 196,725 209,350 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total - Persons in census families 53,900 26,230 27,670 61.3 62.7 60.1 525 255 265 78.4 82.3 72.6 305,575 150,885 154,690 75.3 76.7 73.9
Married spouses or common-law partners 37,075 18,550 18,530 42.2 44.4 40.2 340 170 170 50.7 54.8 46.6 198,700 99,205 99,490 48.9 50.4 47.5
Parents in one-parent families 3,225 640 2,585 3.7 1.5 5.6 20 5 20 3.0 1.6 5.5 16,005 3,810 12,195 3.9 1.9 5.8
Children6 13,610 7,045 6,560 15.5 16.8 14.2 165 85 80 24.6 27.4 21.9 90,870 47,865 43,005 22.4 24.3 20.5
In a two-parent family 9,275 4,740 4,540 10.6 11.3 9.9 135 70 65 20.1 22.6 17.8 68,235 35,670 32,570 16.8 18.1 15.6
In a one-parent family 4,330 2,310 2,025 4.9 5.5 4.4 25 15 10 3.7 4.8 2.7 22,630 12,195 10,430 5.6 6.2 5.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 33,985 15,590 18,395 38.7 37.3 39.9 145 50 100 21.6 16.1 27.4 100,500 45,845 54,660 24.7 23.3 26.1
Living alone 24,100 10,670 13,430 27.4 25.5 29.2 85 25 55 12.7 8.1 15.1 62,480 26,505 35,980 15.4 13.5 17.2
Living with other relatives7 1,530 705 830 1.7 1.7 1.8 10 5 10 1.5 1.6 2.7 8,825 3,660 5,160 2.2 1.9 2.5
Living with non-relatives only 8,350 4,215 4,140 9.5 10.1 9.0 55 20 30 8.2 6.5 8.2 29,200 15,680 13,520 7.2 8.0 6.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 49,220 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 290 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 185,205 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 19,975 ... ... 40.6 ... ... 170 ... ... 58.6 ... ... 99,425 ... ... 53.7 ... ...
Couple-family households 17,160 ... ... 34.9 ... ... 155 ... ... 53.4 ... ... 86,845 ... ... 46.9 ... ...
With children6 5,135 ... ... 10.4 ... ... 75 ... ... 25.9 ... ... 34,160 ... ... 18.4 ... ...
Without children 12,025 ... ... 24.4 ... ... 80 ... ... 27.6 ... ... 52,690 ... ... 28.4 ... ...
One-parent-family households 2,815 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 20 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 12,575 ... ... 6.8 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 365 ... ... 0.7 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 3,825 ... ... 2.1 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 160 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,620 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 940 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 6,860 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 3,680 ... ... 7.5 ... ... 20 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 10,995 ... ... 5.9 ... ...
One-person households 24,100 ... ... 49.0 ... ... 85 ... ... 29.3 ... ... 62,480 ... ... 33.7 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 79,470 37,590 41,880 100.0 100.0 100.0 570 255 310 100.0 100.0 100.0 353,780 170,045 183,740 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 78,090 36,880 41,205 98.3 98.1 98.4 555 250 305 97.4 98.0 98.4 345,480 165,815 179,670 97.7 97.5 97.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 43,200 46,400 41,200 43,200 46,400 41,200 48,800 56,800 44,800 48,800 56,800 44,800 45,200 50,400 40,800 45,200 50,400 40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 78,125 36,900 41,220 98.3 98.2 98.4 555 250 305 97.4 98.0 98.4 345,715 165,930 179,785 97.7 97.6 97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 39,200 41,600 37,600 39,200 41,600 37,600 42,800 52,000 39,600 42,800 52,000 39,600 40,800 44,800 37,200 40,800 44,800 37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 71,625 33,820 37,805 90.1 90.0 90.3 515 235 280 90.4 92.2 90.3 320,045 154,390 165,650 90.5 90.8 90.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 38,000 42,800 33,600 38,000 42,800 33,600 43,600 53,200 40,400 43,600 53,200 40,400 38,800 46,000 32,800 38,800 46,000 32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 56,910 27,725 29,185 71.6 73.8 69.7 380 170 210 66.7 66.7 67.7 244,225 121,885 122,340 69.0 71.7 66.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 38,800 42,800 35,200 38,800 42,800 35,200 40,400 52,800 35,600 40,400 52,800 35,600 40,000 46,000 34,400 40,000 46,000 34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 66,235 29,925 36,310 83.3 79.6 86.7 440 180 260 77.2 70.6 83.9 284,225 128,770 155,455 80.3 75.7 84.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,600 9,000 10,100 9,600 9,000 10,100 10,000 12,000 8,400 10,000 12,000 8,400 10,000 9,300 10,600 10,000 9,300 10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 6,705 3,075 3,630 8.4 8.2 8.7 35 15 20 6.1 5.9 6.5 24,745 11,160 13,585 7.0 6.6 7.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,320 5,240 5,360 5,320 5,240 5,360 4,160 x x 4,160 x x 5,480 5,280 5,480 5,480 5,280 5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 22,165 10,370 11,790 27.9 27.6 28.2 150 70 80 26.3 27.5 25.8 83,335 39,005 44,330 23.6 22.9 24.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 7,500 8,700 6,500 7,500 8,700 6,500 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 79,470 37,595 41,880 100.0 100.0 100.0 555 255 300 100.0 100.0 100.0 353,790 170,050 183,740 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 78,060 36,985 41,070 98.2 98.4 98.1 540 245 295 97.3 96.1 98.3 345,525 166,015 179,510 97.7 97.6 97.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 54,500 59,600 49,920 54,500 59,600 49,920 58,600 74,500 45,200 58,600 74,500 45,200 57,250 64,600 50,560 57,250 64,600 50,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 78,075 37,000 41,080 98.2 98.4 98.1 540 245 295 97.3 96.1 98.3 345,725 166,110 179,620 97.7 97.7 97.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 46,200 49,760 43,000 46,200 49,760 43,000 49,000 60,800 39,200 49,000 60,800 39,200 47,840 52,900 43,160 47,840 52,900 43,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 71,475 33,860 37,620 89.9 90.1 89.8 500 225 275 90.1 88.2 91.7 320,030 154,345 165,690 90.5 90.8 90.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 49,680 56,150 43,880 49,680 56,150 43,880 55,800 73,500 40,800 55,800 73,500 40,800 52,250 60,850 44,240 52,250 60,850 44,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 56,910 27,875 29,035 71.6 74.1 69.3 390 175 215 70.3 68.6 71.7 244,215 122,020 122,200 69.0 71.8 66.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 48,040 53,350 43,000 48,040 53,350 43,000 56,200 74,000 42,000 56,200 74,000 42,000 49,960 57,200 42,680 49,960 57,200 42,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 66,025 29,970 36,055 83.1 79.7 86.1 400 160 245 72.1 62.7 81.7 283,775 128,690 155,085 80.2 75.7 84.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,650 10,100 11,110 10,650 10,100 11,110 9,400 10,200 8,900 9,400 10,200 8,900 10,820 10,310 11,240 10,820 10,310 11,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 6,370 2,905 3,465 8.0 7.7 8.3 35 0 25 6.3 0.0 8.3 24,085 10,775 13,315 6.8 6.3 7.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,225 5,895 6,500 6,225 5,895 6,500 3,600 ... 3,800 3,600 ... 3,800 6,520 5,845 7,060 6,520 5,845 7,060
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 21,920 10,235 11,680 27.6 27.2 27.9 175 75 100 31.5 29.4 33.3 82,870 38,750 44,115 23.4 22.8 24.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,170 9,080 9,250 9,170 9,080 9,250 7,150 7,800 6,500 7,150 7,800 6,500 8,830 8,700 8,940 8,830 8,700 8,940
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 79,470 37,590 41,875 100.0 100.0 100.0 555 255 300 100.0 100.0 100.0 353,785 170,050 183,740 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 26,355 13,895 12,455 33.2 37.0 29.7 165 85 75 29.7 33.3 25.0 113,935 62,525 51,415 32.2 36.8 28.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 62,400 64,500 60,400 62,400 64,500 60,400 90,000 107,000 81,000 90,000 107,000 81,000 65,500 71,000 60,400 65,500 71,000 60,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 71,800 75,300 67,900 71,800 75,300 67,900 97,000 116,000 74,000 97,000 116,000 74,000 75,600 82,000 67,900 75,600 82,000 67,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 24,520 11,200 13,325 30.9 29.8 31.8 195 75 120 35.1 29.4 40.0 100,210 45,115 55,095 28.3 26.5 30.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 19,800 21,800 18,400 19,800 21,800 18,400 18,200 18,000 18,400 18,200 18,000 18,400 19,400 21,400 18,000 19,400 21,400 18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 28,560 31,440 26,160 28,560 31,440 26,160 28,800 30,000 28,000 28,800 30,000 28,000 29,760 33,880 26,400 29,760 33,880 26,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 83.4 86.2 80.4 83.4 86.2 80.4 88.0 92.0 84.0 88.0 92.0 84.0 84.4 87.6 80.8 84.4 87.6 80.8
Employment income (%)19 64.2 67.4 60.9 64.2 67.4 60.9 68.5 70.0 67.0 68.5 70.0 67.0 61.6 65.2 57.5 61.6 65.2 57.5
Government transfers (%)20 16.5 13.7 19.6 16.5 13.7 19.6 11.9 8.8 16.4 11.9 8.8 16.4 15.5 12.4 19.2 15.5 12.4 19.2
Employment insurance benefits (%) 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.4 x 0.8 0.4 x 0.8 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.6 1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 5.8 5.1 6.5 5.8 5.1 6.5 4.8 3.9 6.0 4.8 3.9 6.0 4.6 3.8 5.6 4.6 3.8 5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 4.7 4.2 5.3 4.7 4.2 5.3 4.0 3.4 4.8 4.0 3.4 4.8 3.7 3.2 4.4 3.7 3.2 4.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 79,470 37,595 41,875 100.0 100.0 100.0 565 255 315 100.0 100.0 100.0 353,785 170,045 183,735 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without total income 1,380 710 670 1.7 1.9 1.6 10 5 10 1.8 2.0 3.2 8,300 4,230 4,070 2.3 2.5 2.2
With total income 78,090 36,880 41,210 98.3 98.1 98.4 555 250 305 98.2 98.0 96.8 345,480 165,810 179,665 97.7 97.5 97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss) 4,990 2,300 2,690 6.4 6.2 6.5 55 15 35 9.9 6.0 11.5 25,590 11,505 14,090 7.4 6.9 7.8
$10,000 to $19,999 7,390 3,305 4,090 9.5 9.0 9.9 55 20 35 9.9 8.0 11.5 34,470 14,340 20,125 10.0 8.6 11.2
$20,000 to $29,999 12,385 5,150 7,240 15.9 14.0 17.6 85 45 40 15.3 18.0 13.1 49,265 20,330 28,930 14.3 12.3 16.1
$30,000 to $39,999 10,875 4,830 6,045 13.9 13.1 14.7 50 20 30 9.0 8.0 9.8 43,030 18,340 24,690 12.5 11.1 13.7
$40,000 to $49,999 9,705 4,485 5,215 12.4 12.2 12.7 50 10 35 9.0 4.0 11.5 39,565 17,630 21,935 11.5 10.6 12.2
$50,000 to $59,999 7,930 3,590 4,340 10.2 9.7 10.5 40 20 20 7.2 8.0 6.6 34,115 15,535 18,580 9.9 9.4 10.3
$60,000 to $69,999 6,090 2,925 3,160 7.8 7.9 7.7 35 15 20 6.3 6.0 6.6 27,720 13,950 13,770 8.0 8.4 7.7
$70,000 to $79,999 4,760 2,415 2,345 6.1 6.5 5.7 40 15 20 7.2 6.0 6.6 21,995 11,880 10,120 6.4 7.2 5.6
$80,000 to $89,999 3,530 1,865 1,660 4.5 5.1 4.0 35 15 15 6.3 6.0 4.9 17,095 9,585 7,515 4.9 5.8 4.2
$90,000 to $99,999 2,690 1,390 1,300 3.4 3.8 3.2 20 5 15 3.6 2.0 4.9 13,135 7,475 5,660 3.8 4.5 3.2
$100,000 and over 7,740 4,610 3,125 9.9 12.5 7.6 95 60 40 17.1 24.0 13.1 39,500 25,250 14,250 11.4 15.2 7.9
$100,000 to $149,999 5,260 2,970 2,285 6.7 8.1 5.5 55 35 20 9.9 14.0 6.6 26,390 16,205 10,185 7.6 9.8 5.7
$150,000 and over 2,480 1,640 840 3.2 4.4 2.0 40 30 15 7.2 12.0 4.9 13,105 9,045 4,065 3.8 5.5 2.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 79,470 37,595 41,875 100.0 100.0 100.0 565 255 315 100.0 100.0 100.0 353,785 170,045 183,735 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without after-tax income 1,345 690 655 1.7 1.8 1.6 10 5 10 1.8 2.0 3.2 8,070 4,120 3,950 2.3 2.4 2.1
With after-tax income 78,125 36,905 41,225 98.3 98.2 98.4 555 250 305 98.2 98.0 96.8 345,710 165,925 179,785 97.7 97.6 97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss) 5,275 2,410 2,865 6.8 6.5 6.9 55 20 35 9.9 8.0 11.5 27,305 12,045 15,255 7.9 7.3 8.5
$10,000 to $19,999 7,675 3,430 4,240 9.8 9.3 10.3 55 20 35 9.9 8.0 11.5 36,060 14,990 21,070 10.4 9.0 11.7
$20,000 to $29,999 14,155 5,995 8,160 18.1 16.2 19.8 85 45 45 15.3 18.0 14.8 55,710 23,295 32,410 16.1 14.0 18.0
$30,000 to $39,999 12,800 5,765 7,035 16.4 15.6 17.1 65 20 40 11.7 8.0 13.1 50,630 22,015 28,615 14.6 13.3 15.9
$40,000 to $49,999 11,105 5,130 5,975 14.2 13.9 14.5 45 20 30 8.1 8.0 9.8 46,075 20,750 25,330 13.3 12.5 14.1
$50,000 to $59,999 8,320 3,905 4,410 10.6 10.6 10.7 55 30 25 9.9 12.0 8.2 37,055 18,290 18,770 10.7 11.0 10.4
$60,000 to $69,999 5,870 2,980 2,890 7.5 8.1 7.0 50 15 35 9.0 6.0 11.5 27,730 14,925 12,805 8.0 9.0 7.1
$70,000 to $79,999 4,210 2,185 2,030 5.4 5.9 4.9 40 20 15 7.2 8.0 4.9 20,490 11,555 8,935 5.9 7.0 5.0
$80,000 to $89,999 2,840 1,505 1,335 3.6 4.1 3.2 25 10 15 4.5 4.0 4.9 14,030 8,180 5,855 4.1 4.9 3.3
$90,000 to $99,999 1,795 970 825 2.3 2.6 2.0 20 5 10 3.6 2.0 3.3 8,905 5,280 3,625 2.6 3.2 2.0
$100,000 and over 4,090 2,635 1,460 5.2 7.1 3.5 65 45 20 11.7 18.0 6.6 21,730 14,605 7,125 6.3 8.8 4.0
$100,000 to $124,999 2,015 1,250 765 2.6 3.4 1.9 30 20 10 5.4 8.0 3.3 10,705 6,980 3,725 3.1 4.2 2.1
$125,000 and over 2,080 1,385 690 2.7 3.8 1.7 35 25 10 6.3 10.0 3.3 11,025 7,625 3,400 3.2 4.6 1.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 79,470 37,595 41,875 100.0 100.0 100.0 565 255 315 100.0 100.0 100.0 353,785 170,045 183,735 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without employment income 22,555 9,865 12,690 28.4 26.2 30.3 185 80 105 32.7 31.4 33.3 109,555 48,160 61,395 31.0 28.3 33.4
With employment income 56,915 27,730 29,185 71.6 73.8 69.7 380 175 205 67.3 68.6 65.1 244,225 121,885 122,340 69.0 71.7 66.6
Under $5,000 (including loss) 7,025 3,175 3,850 12.3 11.4 13.2 50 25 30 13.2 14.3 14.6 33,335 15,340 18,000 13.6 12.6 14.7
$5,000 to $9,999 4,355 1,870 2,490 7.7 6.7 8.5 30 10 20 7.9 5.7 9.8 18,450 7,970 10,485 7.6 6.5 8.6
$10,000 to $19,999 6,760 2,940 3,825 11.9 10.6 13.1 50 15 30 13.2 8.6 14.6 27,375 11,980 15,400 11.2 9.8 12.6
$20,000 to $29,999 5,610 2,620 2,990 9.9 9.4 10.2 35 15 20 9.2 8.6 9.8 21,915 9,955 11,965 9.0 8.2 9.8
$30,000 to $39,999 5,325 2,610 2,715 9.4 9.4 9.3 20 10 15 5.3 5.7 7.3 21,015 9,810 11,210 8.6 8.0 9.2
$40,000 to $49,999 5,425 2,620 2,805 9.5 9.4 9.6 30 5 20 7.9 2.9 9.8 21,540 9,980 11,555 8.8 8.2 9.4
$50,000 to $59,999 5,220 2,465 2,750 9.2 8.9 9.4 15 10 10 3.9 5.7 4.9 21,030 9,785 11,245 8.6 8.0 9.2
$60,000 to $69,999 4,105 1,995 2,115 7.2 7.2 7.2 10 5 5 2.6 2.9 2.4 17,605 9,130 8,475 7.2 7.5 6.9
$70,000 to $79,999 3,285 1,735 1,550 5.8 6.3 5.3 25 10 10 6.6 5.7 4.9 14,505 8,120 6,385 5.9 6.7 5.2
$80,000 to $89,999 2,570 1,400 1,170 4.5 5.0 4.0 20 10 15 5.3 5.7 7.3 12,215 7,105 5,110 5.0 5.8 4.2
$90,000 to $99,999 2,005 1,060 945 3.5 3.8 3.2 15 5 10 3.9 2.9 4.9 9,605 5,590 4,015 3.9 4.6 3.3
$100,000 and over 5,215 3,235 1,985 9.2 11.7 6.8 70 45 25 18.4 25.7 12.2 25,635 17,130 8,500 10.5 14.1 6.9
$100,000 to $124,999 2,645 1,490 1,160 4.6 5.4 4.0 25 10 15 6.6 5.7 7.3 12,680 7,860 4,820 5.2 6.4 3.9
$125,000 and over 2,575 1,745 830 4.5 6.3 2.8 45 30 15 11.8 17.1 7.3 12,950 9,275 3,680 5.3 7.6 3.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 79,470 37,590 41,880 100.0 100.0 100.0 570 255 310 100.0 100.0 100.0 353,780 170,045 183,740 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 76,500 36,055 40,445 96.3 95.9 96.6 550 245 300 96.5 96.1 96.8 337,685 161,670 176,015 95.5 95.1 95.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 40,000 43,600 37,200 40,000 43,600 37,200 48,000 54,000 42,400 48,000 54,000 42,400 42,800 49,200 38,000 42,800 49,200 38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 76,580 36,090 40,500 96.4 96.0 96.7 550 245 305 96.5 96.1 98.4 338,290 161,815 176,475 95.6 95.2 96.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 36,000 38,800 33,600 36,000 38,800 33,600 42,800 48,000 37,200 42,800 48,000 37,200 38,000 43,200 34,000 38,000 43,200 34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 71,055 33,535 37,525 89.4 89.2 89.6 530 240 285 93.0 94.1 91.9 316,800 152,485 164,320 89.5 89.7 89.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 37,600 42,400 33,600 37,600 42,400 33,600 43,200 52,000 38,400 43,200 52,000 38,400 39,200 46,400 33,200 39,200 46,400 33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 58,840 28,405 30,440 74.0 75.6 72.7 410 190 225 71.9 74.5 72.6 255,360 126,565 128,785 72.2 74.4 70.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 36,400 40,400 32,800 36,400 40,400 32,800 35,600 46,800 30,600 35,600 46,800 30,600 37,600 44,000 32,400 37,600 44,000 32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 54,245 23,440 30,805 68.3 62.4 73.6 370 150 225 64.9 58.8 72.6 230,255 98,230 132,025 65.1 57.8 71.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 3,960 2,540 4,920 3,960 2,540 4,920 4,400 3,920 4,600 4,400 3,920 4,600 7,100 6,700 7,300 7,100 6,700 7,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 4,085 1,925 2,160 5.1 5.1 5.2 30 10 10 5.3 3.9 3.2 17,655 7,740 9,910 5.0 4.6 5.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 5,320 5,080 5,680 5,320 5,080 5,680 5,720 x x 5,720 x x 5,280 4,760 5,960 5,280 4,760 5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 79,470 37,595 41,880 100.0 100.0 100.0 555 255 300 100.0 100.0 100.0 353,790 170,050 183,740 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 76,555 36,145 40,410 96.3 96.1 96.5 550 250 300 99.1 98.0 100.0 338,050 161,905 176,140 95.6 95.2 95.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 50,640 56,150 45,680 50,640 56,150 45,680 58,400 71,000 47,600 58,400 71,000 47,600 54,600 62,750 47,120 54,600 62,750 47,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 76,635 36,200 40,430 96.4 96.3 96.5 550 250 300 99.1 98.0 100.0 338,640 162,065 176,575 95.7 95.3 96.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 42,520 46,160 39,240 42,520 46,160 39,240 48,200 56,400 41,600 48,200 56,400 41,600 45,440 51,350 40,000 45,440 51,350 40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 70,875 33,525 37,350 89.2 89.2 89.2 530 240 290 95.5 94.1 96.7 316,915 152,685 164,225 89.6 89.8 89.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 48,760 55,350 42,880 48,760 55,350 42,880 56,600 71,500 44,400 56,600 71,500 44,400 51,950 61,050 43,520 51,950 61,050 43,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 58,635 28,435 30,205 73.8 75.6 72.1 425 200 225 76.6 78.4 75.0 255,360 126,800 128,560 72.2 74.6 70.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 45,280 50,800 40,120 45,280 50,800 40,120 52,600 68,500 38,800 52,600 68,500 38,800 47,600 55,100 40,200 47,600 55,100 40,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 54,180 23,250 30,930 68.2 61.8 73.9 315 130 185 56.8 51.0 61.7 230,060 97,520 132,545 65.0 57.3 72.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,730 7,520 7,890 7,730 7,520 7,890 6,900 5,700 7,750 6,900 5,700 7,750 8,670 8,630 8,710 8,670 8,630 8,710
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 4,090 1,865 2,225 5.1 5.0 5.3 15 0 15 2.7 0.0 5.0 17,505 7,490 10,010 4.9 4.4 5.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,700 6,020 7,270 6,700 6,020 7,270 10,000 ... 10,000 10,000 ... 10,000 7,240 6,065 8,120 7,240 6,065 8,120
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 79,470 37,590 41,875 100.0 100.0 100.0 555 255 300 100.0 100.0 100.0 353,785 170,050 183,740 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 26,005 13,680 12,320 32.7 36.4 29.4 165 85 75 29.7 33.3 25.0 112,860 61,835 51,020 31.9 36.4 27.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 57,600 60,000 55,200 57,600 60,000 55,200 75,000 106,000 59,600 75,000 106,000 59,600 61,600 67,500 55,600 61,600 67,500 55,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 65,900 70,500 60,700 65,900 70,500 60,700 91,000 116,000 60,000 91,000 116,000 60,000 70,900 78,000 62,250 70,900 78,000 62,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 23,510 10,740 12,765 29.6 28.6 30.5 215 90 125 38.7 35.3 41.7 95,620 42,950 52,670 27.0 25.3 28.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 24,400 27,000 22,800 24,400 27,000 22,800 16,800 14,800 19,200 16,800 14,800 19,200 24,400 27,200 22,400 24,400 27,200 22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 33,360 37,400 30,000 33,360 37,400 30,000 32,000 33,000 31,600 32,000 33,000 31,600 34,800 40,280 30,360 34,800 40,280 30,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 89.2 91.4 86.8 89.2 91.4 86.8 93.0 96.0 90.0 93.0 96.0 90.0 89.2 91.8 86.0 89.2 91.8 86.0
Employment income (%) 68.6 71.2 65.6 68.6 71.2 65.6 69.5 76.0 61.0 69.5 76.0 61.0 65.8 68.8 62.3 65.8 68.8 62.3
Government transfers (%) 10.8 8.6 13.2 10.8 8.6 13.2 6.7 4.0 10.0 6.7 4.0 10.0 10.8 8.3 13.9 10.8 8.3 13.9
Employment insurance benefits (%) 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.6 ... 1.2 0.6 ... 1.2 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.5 1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 49,225 ... ... ... ... ... 290 ... ... ... ... ... 185,205 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 67,500 ... ... 67,500 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 60,000 ... ... 60,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 75,000 ... ... 75,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 24,100 ... ... ... ... ... 85 ... ... ... ... ... 62,480 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 44,000 ... ... 44,000 ... ... 48,800 ... ... 48,800 ... ... 45,600 ... ... 45,600 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 40,000 ... ... 40,000 ... ... 42,400 ... ... 42,400 ... ... 41,200 ... ... 41,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 25,120 ... ... ... ... ... 210 ... ... ... ... ... 122,725 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 97,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ... 111,000 ... ... 111,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 87,000 ... ... 87,000 ... ... 109,000 ... ... 109,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 49,225 ... ... ... ... ... 265 ... ... ... ... ... 185,205 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 86,400 ... ... 86,400 ... ... 119,000 ... ... 119,000 ... ... 106,900 ... ... 106,900 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 73,300 ... ... 73,300 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 89,300 ... ... 89,300 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 24,095 ... ... ... ... ... 50 ... ... ... ... ... 62,445 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 53,850 ... ... 53,850 ... ... 44,000 ... ... 44,000 ... ... 57,250 ... ... 57,250 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 46,040 ... ... 46,040 ... ... 38,000 ... ... 38,000 ... ... 47,320 ... ... 47,320 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 25,125 ... ... ... ... ... 215 ... ... ... ... ... 122,760 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 117,700 ... ... 117,700 ... ... 137,000 ... ... 137,000 ... ... 132,000 ... ... 132,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 99,400 ... ... 99,400 ... ... 114,000 ... ... 114,000 ... ... 110,600 ... ... 110,600 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 290 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 185,205 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 715 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 2,100 ... ... 1.1 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 355 ... ... 0.7 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 995 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 585 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,560 ... ... 0.8 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 1,505 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 3,660 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 2,800 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 5 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 7,080 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 2,135 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 5,735 ... ... 3.1 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 2,200 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 5,890 ... ... 3.2 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 2,375 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 6,650 ... ... 3.6 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 2,275 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 5 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 6,930 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 2,310 ... ... 4.7 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 7,040 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 4,345 ... ... 8.8 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 13,730 ... ... 7.4 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 4,025 ... ... 8.2 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 13,395 ... ... 7.2 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 3,685 ... ... 7.5 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 12,690 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 3,080 ... ... 6.3 ... ... 20 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 11,480 ... ... 6.2 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 2,605 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 10,565 ... ... 5.7 ... ...
$100,000 and over 14,235 ... ... 28.9 ... ... 150 ... ... 51.7 ... ... 75,720 ... ... 40.9 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 4,790 ... ... 9.7 ... ... 40 ... ... 13.8 ... ... 21,680 ... ... 11.7 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 3,155 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 25 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 16,020 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 3,420 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 40 ... ... 13.8 ... ... 19,720 ... ... 10.6 ... ...
$200,000 and over 2,865 ... ... 5.8 ... ... 40 ... ... 13.8 ... ... 18,290 ... ... 9.9 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 290 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 185,205 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 790 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 2,445 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 370 ... ... 0.8 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,030 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 600 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,625 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 1,565 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 3,825 ... ... 2.1 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 2,985 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 7,470 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 2,530 ... ... 5.1 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 6,670 ... ... 3.6 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 2,660 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 7,020 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 2,710 ... ... 5.5 ... ... 5 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 7,915 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 2,805 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 8,215 ... ... 4.4 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 2,600 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 8,235 ... ... 4.4 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 5,065 ... ... 10.3 ... ... 20 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 16,155 ... ... 8.7 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 4,315 ... ... 8.8 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 15,030 ... ... 8.1 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 3,830 ... ... 7.8 ... ... 25 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 14,020 ... ... 7.6 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 3,030 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 20 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 12,615 ... ... 6.8 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 2,500 ... ... 5.1 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 11,155 ... ... 6.0 ... ...
$100,000 and over 10,885 ... ... 22.1 ... ... 125 ... ... 43.1 ... ... 61,780 ... ... 33.4 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 4,410 ... ... 9.0 ... ... 45 ... ... 15.5 ... ... 21,915 ... ... 11.8 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 2,605 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 30 ... ... 10.3 ... ... 14,925 ... ... 8.1 ... ...
$150,000 and over 3,865 ... ... 7.9 ... ... 55 ... ... 19.0 ... ... 24,945 ... ... 13.5 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 22,010 ... ... ... ... ... 190 ... ... ... ... ... 114,220 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 100,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 127,000 ... ... 127,000 ... ... 111,000 ... ... 111,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 88,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 12,515 ... ... ... ... ... 85 ... ... ... ... ... 55,395 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 97,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 118,000 ... ... 118,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 86,000 ... ... 86,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 5,665 ... ... ... ... ... 85 ... ... ... ... ... 39,980 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 131,000 ... ... 131,000 ... ... 170,000 ... ... 170,000 ... ... 146,000 ... ... 146,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 114,000 ... ... 114,000 ... ... 143,000 ... ... 143,000 ... ... 125,000 ... ... 125,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 3.7 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 3,150 ... ... ... ... ... 20 ... ... ... ... ... 15,065 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 65,500 ... ... 65,500 ... ... 79,500 ... ... 79,500 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 60,800 ... ... 60,800 ... ... 77,000 ... ... 77,000 ... ... 67,000 ... ... 67,000 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 32,455 14,890 17,570 ... ... ... 135 45 90 ... ... ... 91,685 42,185 49,500 ... ... ...
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 40,800 41,200 40,000 40,800 41,200 40,000 37,200 32,000 38,400 37,200 32,000 38,400 40,800 41,600 40,400 40,800 41,600 40,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 37,200 37,600 36,800 37,200 37,600 36,800 33,600 30,600 35,200 33,600 30,600 35,200 37,200 37,600 37,200 37,200 37,600 37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 22,015 ... ... ... ... ... 195 ... ... ... ... ... 114,115 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 120,300 ... ... 120,300 ... ... 144,000 ... ... 144,000 ... ... 132,200 ... ... 132,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 100,800 ... ... 100,800 ... ... 119,000 ... ... 119,000 ... ... 110,300 ... ... 110,300 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 12,575 ... ... ... ... ... 85 ... ... ... ... ... 55,395 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 118,200 ... ... 118,200 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 120,400 ... ... 120,400 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 99,200 ... ... 99,200 ... ... 102,000 ... ... 102,000 ... ... 100,600 ... ... 100,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 5,690 ... ... ... ... ... 90 ... ... ... ... ... 40,065 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 153,600 ... ... 153,600 ... ... 184,000 ... ... 184,000 ... ... 166,200 ... ... 166,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 127,100 ... ... 127,100 ... ... 148,000 ... ... 148,000 ... ... 136,800 ... ... 136,800 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 3,110 ... ... ... ... ... 0 ... ... ... ... ... 14,935 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 72,500 ... ... 72,500 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 83,900 ... ... 83,900 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 62,550 ... ... 62,550 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 73,600 ... ... 73,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 32,445 14,850 17,595 ... ... ... 130 45 85 ... ... ... 91,640 42,045 49,600 ... ... ...
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 49,520 50,040 49,080 49,520 50,040 49,080 32,500 26,000 35,500 32,500 26,000 35,500 51,250 51,650 50,920 51,250 51,650 50,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 42,800 42,960 42,680 42,800 42,960 42,680 29,200 24,000 32,000 29,200 24,000 32,000 43,120 42,400 43,720 43,120 42,400 43,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 87,890 41,820 46,070 100.0 100.0 100.0 675 310 360 100.0 100.0 100.0 406,075 196,725 209,350 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 9,990 5,045 4,945 11.4 12.1 10.7 120 60 55 17.8 19.4 15.3 63,555 32,460 31,090 15.7 16.5 14.9
0 to 5 years 3,470 1,790 1,680 3.9 4.3 3.6 35 20 10 5.2 6.5 2.8 19,215 9,785 9,425 4.7 5.0 4.5
18 to 64 years 59,105 28,455 30,650 67.2 68.0 66.5 410 190 220 60.7 61.3 61.1 249,100 121,285 127,810 61.3 61.7 61.1
65 years and over 18,795 8,320 10,475 21.4 19.9 22.7 145 65 80 21.5 21.0 22.2 93,425 42,975 50,445 23.0 21.8 24.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 11,515 5,255 6,260 ... ... ... 50 20 30 ... ... ... 36,965 17,040 19,920 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 1,375 680 695 ... ... ... 5 5 5 ... ... ... 6,005 3,140 2,865 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 490 235 255 ... ... ... 0 0 0 ... ... ... 1,830 950 875 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 7,025 3,320 3,705 ... ... ... 35 15 20 ... ... ... 21,125 10,050 11,075 ... ... ...
65 years and over 3,110 1,250 1,860 ... ... ... 5 0 5 ... ... ... 9,835 3,855 5,980 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 13.1 12.6 13.6 13.1 12.6 13.6 7.4 6.4 8.5 7.4 6.4 8.5 9.1 8.7 9.5 9.1 8.7 9.5
0 to 17 years (%) 13.7 13.4 14.0 13.7 13.4 14.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 9.5 9.7 9.2 9.5 9.7 9.2
0 to 5 years (%) 14.1 13.0 15.1 14.1 13.0 15.1 x x x x x x 9.5 9.7 9.3 9.5 9.7 9.3
18 to 64 years (%) 11.9 11.7 12.1 11.9 11.7 12.1 8.5 7.0 9.5 8.5 7.0 9.5 8.5 8.3 8.7 8.5 8.3 8.7
65 years and over (%) 16.6 15.1 17.7 16.6 15.1 17.7 5.0 x 6.0 5.0 x 6.0 10.5 9.0 11.9 10.5 9.0 11.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 87,890 41,825 46,065 100.0 100.0 100.0 670 310 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 400,710 194,160 206,545 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 9,985 5,045 4,940 11.4 12.1 10.7 120 60 60 17.9 19.4 16.4 62,690 32,045 30,645 15.6 16.5 14.8
0 to 5 years 3,470 1,790 1,685 3.9 4.3 3.7 30 20 15 4.5 6.5 4.1 18,980 9,660 9,320 4.7 5.0 4.5
18 to 64 years 59,110 28,455 30,650 67.3 68.0 66.5 405 185 225 60.4 59.7 61.6 246,180 119,850 126,330 61.4 61.7 61.2
65 years and over 18,795 8,320 10,475 21.4 19.9 22.7 145 60 80 21.6 19.4 21.9 91,840 42,270 49,570 22.9 21.8 24.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 5,225 2,545 2,680 ... ... ... 25 10 15 ... ... ... 17,880 8,975 8,910 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 460 200 260 ... ... ... 5 5 5 ... ... ... 2,585 1,275 1,310 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 140 65 70 ... ... ... 0 0 0 ... ... ... 635 330 300 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 4,275 2,110 2,170 ... ... ... 20 5 10 ... ... ... 13,605 6,915 6,685 ... ... ...
65 years and over 485 230 255 ... ... ... 5 0 5 ... ... ... 1,695 780 910 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 6.0 6.1 5.8 6.0 6.1 5.8 3.8 3.0 4.5 3.8 3.0 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.3
0 to 17 years (%) 4.6 4.0 5.2 4.6 4.0 5.2 3.0 x x 3.0 x x 4.1 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.3
0 to 5 years (%) 4.0 3.6 4.4 4.0 3.6 4.4 x x x x x x 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.2
18 to 64 years (%) 7.2 7.4 7.1 7.2 7.4 7.1 4.8 4.0 6.0 4.8 4.0 6.0 5.5 5.8 5.3 5.5 5.8 5.3
65 years and over (%) 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.5 x x x x x x 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 87,890 41,820 46,070 100.0 100.0 100.0 675 310 360 100.0 100.0 100.0 406,075 196,725 209,350 100.0 100.0 100.0
In bottom half of the distribution 46,805 21,695 25,105 53.3 51.9 54.5 235 100 135 34.8 32.3 37.5 178,995 84,185 94,810 44.1 42.8 45.3
In bottom decile 11,525 5,360 6,160 13.1 12.8 13.4 60 25 30 8.9 8.1 8.3 38,600 18,435 20,160 9.5 9.4 9.6
In second decile 9,535 4,255 5,280 10.8 10.2 11.5 60 25 35 8.9 8.1 9.7 33,265 14,985 18,275 8.2 7.6 8.7
In third decile 8,905 4,190 4,720 10.1 10.0 10.2 35 15 20 5.2 4.8 5.6 33,635 15,755 17,880 8.3 8.0 8.5
In fourth decile 8,405 3,945 4,455 9.6 9.4 9.7 45 20 25 6.7 6.5 6.9 35,545 16,870 18,675 8.8 8.6 8.9
In fifth decile 8,425 3,945 4,485 9.6 9.4 9.7 40 15 25 5.9 4.8 6.9 37,945 18,130 19,815 9.3 9.2 9.5
In top half of the distribution 41,085 20,125 20,965 46.7 48.1 45.5 440 210 225 65.2 67.7 62.5 227,085 112,540 114,540 55.9 57.2 54.7
In sixth decile 8,160 3,895 4,260 9.3 9.3 9.2 55 30 30 8.1 9.7 8.3 40,300 19,630 20,670 9.9 10.0 9.9
In seventh decile 7,775 3,775 4,000 8.8 9.0 8.7 75 35 35 11.1 11.3 9.7 42,535 20,930 21,605 10.5 10.6 10.3
In eighth decile 8,225 4,005 4,220 9.4 9.6 9.2 60 25 35 8.9 8.1 9.7 45,610 22,690 22,920 11.2 11.5 10.9
In ninth decile 8,595 4,225 4,365 9.8 10.1 9.5 130 65 65 19.3 21.0 18.1 49,485 24,665 24,825 12.2 12.5 11.9
In top decile 8,345 4,225 4,120 9.5 10.1 8.9 120 55 70 17.8 17.7 19.4 49,150 24,625 24,525 12.1 12.5 11.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 87,890 ... ... 87,890 ... ... 670 ... ... 670 ... ... 406,075 ... ... 406,075 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.344 ... ... 0.344 ... ... 0.324 ... ... 0.324 ... ... 0.332 ... ... 0.332 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.449 ... ... 0.449 ... ... 0.394 ... ... 0.394 ... ... 0.423 ... ... 0.423 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.306 ... ... 0.306 ... ... 0.277 ... ... 0.277 ... ... 0.293 ... ... 0.293 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 89,115 42,325 46,790 100.0 100.0 100.0 670 310 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 409,930 198,370 211,560 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 76,660 36,990 39,670 86.0 87.4 84.8 550 250 295 82.1 80.6 80.8 364,650 178,440 186,210 89.0 90.0 88.0
French only 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 65 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and French 11,735 5,020 6,715 13.2 11.9 14.4 120 55 65 17.9 17.7 17.8 41,705 18,420 23,285 10.2 9.3 11.0
Neither English nor French 685 290 395 0.8 0.7 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,425 1,440 1,980 0.8 0.7 0.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 89,115 42,325 46,790 100.0 100.0 100.0 670 310 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 409,930 198,370 211,560 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 86,515 41,140 45,375 97.1 97.2 97.0 655 300 360 97.8 96.8 98.6 399,115 193,395 205,720 97.4 97.5 97.2
French 1,645 775 870 1.8 1.8 1.9 10 5 0 1.5 1.6 0.0 6,435 3,140 3,300 1.6 1.6 1.6
English and French 305 135 170 0.3 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,115 485 630 0.3 0.2 0.3
Neither English nor French 650 275 375 0.7 0.6 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,265 1,350 1,915 0.8 0.7 0.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 89,115 42,325 46,790 100.0 100.0 100.0 670 310 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 409,930 198,370 211,560 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 86,595 41,180 45,415 97.2 97.3 97.1 670 300 365 100.0 96.8 100.0 400,075 193,825 206,255 97.6 97.7 97.5
Official languages 73,880 35,655 38,230 82.9 84.2 81.7 615 280 335 91.8 90.3 91.8 344,705 168,815 175,890 84.1 85.1 83.1
English 72,220 34,875 37,345 81.0 82.4 79.8 605 280 325 90.3 90.3 89.0 338,195 165,660 172,535 82.5 83.5 81.6
French 1,655 780 880 1.9 1.8 1.9 10 5 0 1.5 1.6 0.0 6,515 3,165 3,350 1.6 1.6 1.6
Non-official languages 12,715 5,530 7,190 14.3 13.1 15.4 55 20 35 8.2 6.5 9.6 55,365 25,005 30,365 13.5 12.6 14.4
Indigenous languages39 50 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 95 110 0.0 0.0 0.1
Algonquian languages 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 12,665 5,505 7,160 14.2 13.0 15.3 55 20 35 8.2 6.5 9.6 55,170 24,915 30,260 13.5 12.6 14.3
Afro-Asiatic languages 815 425 390 0.9 1.0 0.8 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 2,275 1,200 1,075 0.6 0.6 0.5
Berber languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 95 40 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 80 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 55 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 715 380 330 0.8 0.9 0.7 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 2,080 1,110 975 0.5 0.6 0.5
Amharic 65 25 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 60 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 565 315 250 0.6 0.7 0.5 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 1,640 890 745 0.4 0.4 0.4
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 35 25 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 70 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 70 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 240 100 145 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,345 575 770 0.3 0.3 0.4
Khmer (Cambodian) 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 55 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 220 85 135 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,215 515 705 0.3 0.3 0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 1,455 570 885 1.6 1.3 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,170 2,045 3,125 1.3 1.0 1.5
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 50 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 70 25 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 85 160 0.1 0.0 0.1
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 105 45 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 100 150 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 35 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 1,145 435 705 1.3 1.0 1.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,145 1,640 2,500 1.0 0.8 1.2
Waray-Waray 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 205 115 85 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 380 295 0.2 0.2 0.1
Kannada 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 105 65 40 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 175 115 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 100 90 0.0 0.1 0.0
Telugu 50 20 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 6,130 2,765 3,365 6.9 6.5 7.2 30 15 20 4.5 4.8 5.5 27,935 13,085 14,850 6.8 6.6 7.0
Albanian 45 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 75 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 1,195 485 705 1.3 1.1 1.5 10 5 0 1.5 1.6 0.0 4,710 2,070 2,635 1.1 1.0 1.2
Baltic languages 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 1,160 475 685 1.3 1.1 1.5 10 5 0 1.5 1.6 0.0 4,605 2,015 2,585 1.1 1.0 1.2
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 65 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 100 40 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 385 190 200 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 315 135 180 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,155 515 635 0.3 0.3 0.3
Russian 350 145 200 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,355 555 795 0.3 0.3 0.4
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 160 55 110 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 775 355 420 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bosnian 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 75 25 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 450 210 235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 70 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 115 130 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 80 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 150 50 95 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 230 335 0.1 0.1 0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 1,465 585 885 1.6 1.4 1.9 15 10 10 2.2 3.2 2.7 7,070 3,115 3,960 1.7 1.6 1.9
Frisian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 935 350 590 1.0 0.8 1.3 10 5 5 1.5 1.6 1.4 4,200 1,790 2,415 1.0 0.9 1.1
German 890 330 555 1.0 0.8 1.2 10 5 5 1.5 1.6 1.4 4,035 1,720 2,315 1.0 0.9 1.1
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 45 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 390 170 220 0.4 0.4 0.5 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 2,080 960 1,120 0.5 0.5 0.5
Afrikaans 45 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 140 145 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dutch 325 140 190 0.4 0.3 0.4 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 1,725 785 935 0.4 0.4 0.4
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 140 60 75 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 350 420 0.2 0.2 0.2
Danish 50 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 165 190 0.1 0.1 0.1
Icelandic 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 95 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 40 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 75 120 0.0 0.0 0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 65 35 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 200 165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 1,495 770 720 1.7 1.8 1.5 5 0 0 0.7 0.0 0.0 8,300 4,210 4,090 2.0 2.1 1.9
Indo-Aryan languages 1,080 575 510 1.2 1.4 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,870 3,475 3,395 1.7 1.8 1.6
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 85 50 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 160 120 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 80 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 115 130 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hindi 255 150 105 0.3 0.4 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,105 615 490 0.3 0.3 0.2
Kacchi 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 50 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 80 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 405 200 210 0.5 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,350 2,125 2,220 1.1 1.1 1.0
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 140 75 60 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 435 220 215 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 415 200 215 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,425 735 690 0.3 0.4 0.3
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 375 175 205 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,295 655 640 0.3 0.3 0.3
Dari 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 315 140 175 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,105 555 550 0.3 0.3 0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 1,845 855 990 2.1 2.0 2.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,240 3,360 3,875 1.8 1.7 1.8
Catalan 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 220 100 120 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,095 530 565 0.3 0.3 0.3
Portuguese 430 195 235 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,770 805 960 0.4 0.4 0.5
Romanian 90 45 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 345 165 180 0.1 0.1 0.1
Spanish 1,100 520 585 1.2 1.2 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,010 1,850 2,160 1.0 0.9 1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 485 120 365 0.5 0.3 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,635 450 1,185 0.4 0.2 0.6
Korean 505 210 295 0.6 0.5 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,925 830 1,090 0.5 0.4 0.5
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 110 55 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 385 200 180 0.1 0.1 0.1
Akan (Twi) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 50 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 2,200 935 1,265 2.5 2.2 2.7 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 12,015 5,340 6,670 2.9 2.7 3.2
Chinese languages 2,175 925 1,250 2.4 2.2 2.7 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 11,915 5,285 6,630 2.9 2.7 3.1
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 1,065 420 640 1.2 1.0 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,540 2,835 3,700 1.6 1.4 1.7
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 30 5 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 100 145 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wu (Shanghainese) 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 1,015 465 550 1.1 1.1 1.2 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 4,820 2,225 2,605 1.2 1.1 1.2
Chinese, n.o.s. 45 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 75 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 140 45 95 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 85 275 0.1 0.0 0.1
Lao 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 135 40 95 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 75 260 0.1 0.0 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 100 60 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 345 195 150 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 100 60 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 180 130 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 220 85 135 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 920 425 495 0.2 0.2 0.2
Estonian 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 65 20 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 105 165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hungarian 145 65 75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 595 300 290 0.1 0.2 0.1
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 2,515 1,145 1,375 2.8 2.7 2.9 5 5 0 0.7 1.6 0.0 9,855 4,550 5,305 2.4 2.3 2.5
English and French 555 240 320 0.6 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,065 995 1,065 0.5 0.5 0.5
English and non-official language(s) 1,670 775 895 1.9 1.8 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,700 3,085 3,620 1.6 1.6 1.7
French and non-official language(s) 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 75 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 65 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 95 125 0.1 0.0 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 180 80 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 705 290 415 0.2 0.1 0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 89,115 42,325 46,790 100.0 100.0 100.0 670 310 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 409,930 198,370 211,560 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 75,005 35,990 39,010 84.2 85.0 83.4 620 285 335 92.5 91.9 91.8 350,525 171,070 179,450 85.5 86.2 84.8
French 315 155 165 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,255 605 650 0.3 0.3 0.3
Non-official language 2,660 1,230 1,435 3.0 2.9 3.1 5 5 5 0.7 1.6 1.4 12,165 5,665 6,500 3.0 2.9 3.1
Indigenous39 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 2,655 1,220 1,430 3.0 2.9 3.1 5 5 5 0.7 1.6 1.4 12,130 5,640 6,490 3.0 2.8 3.1
English and French 1,440 625 820 1.6 1.5 1.8 10 5 5 1.5 1.6 1.4 5,250 2,365 2,880 1.3 1.2 1.4
English and non-official language(s) 8,910 3,970 4,940 10.0 9.4 10.6 30 15 20 4.5 4.8 5.5 37,995 17,460 20,530 9.3 8.8 9.7
French and non-official language(s) 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 505 230 280 0.6 0.5 0.6 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 1,670 715 955 0.4 0.4 0.5
Multiple non-official languages 250 115 135 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000 455 545 0.2 0.2 0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 89,115 42,325 46,790 100.0 100.0 100.0 670 310 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 409,930 198,370 211,560 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 87,105 41,410 45,700 97.7 97.8 97.7 670 310 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 401,650 194,550 207,105 98.0 98.1 97.9
Official languages 81,655 38,870 42,790 91.6 91.8 91.5 655 300 350 97.8 96.8 95.9 376,725 182,800 193,925 91.9 92.2 91.7
English 81,170 38,640 42,530 91.1 91.3 90.9 655 300 355 97.8 96.8 97.3 374,750 181,845 192,905 91.4 91.7 91.2
French 490 230 255 0.5 0.5 0.5 5 0 0 0.7 0.0 0.0 1,980 960 1,020 0.5 0.5 0.5
Non-official languages 5,455 2,540 2,915 6.1 6.0 6.2 15 5 5 2.2 1.6 1.4 24,920 11,745 13,175 6.1 5.9 6.2
Indigenous languages39 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 5,445 2,535 2,910 6.1 6.0 6.2 15 5 5 2.2 1.6 1.4 24,875 11,720 13,160 6.1 5.9 6.2
Afro-Asiatic languages 475 240 240 0.5 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,270 635 635 0.3 0.3 0.3
Berber languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 50 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 420 215 205 0.5 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,180 590 590 0.3 0.3 0.3
Amharic 45 10 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 345 185 160 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 975 510 470 0.2 0.3 0.2
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 120 60 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 750 350 395 0.2 0.2 0.2
Khmer (Cambodian) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 110 55 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 320 365 0.2 0.2 0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 795 360 435 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,650 1,195 1,455 0.6 0.6 0.7
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 70 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 670 300 370 0.8 0.7 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,245 1,010 1,240 0.5 0.5 0.6
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 110 50 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 180 150 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kannada 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 90 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 1,955 960 1,000 2.2 2.3 2.1 10 0 0 1.5 0.0 0.0 9,800 4,755 5,045 2.4 2.4 2.4
Albanian 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 345 160 190 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,450 675 780 0.4 0.3 0.4
Baltic languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 345 155 190 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,450 670 775 0.4 0.3 0.4
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 60 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 130 135 0.1 0.1 0.1
Russian 165 75 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 300 375 0.2 0.2 0.2
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 45 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 95 110 0.0 0.0 0.1
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 120 50 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 810 380 430 0.2 0.2 0.2
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 85 35 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 215 260 0.1 0.1 0.1
German 80 35 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 455 210 250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 130 145 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afrikaans 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 80 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 725 395 330 0.8 0.9 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,570 2,330 2,240 1.1 1.2 1.1
Indo-Aryan languages 495 275 215 0.6 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,770 1,920 1,850 0.9 1.0 0.9
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 70 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 125 80 50 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 315 235 0.1 0.2 0.1
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 180 100 80 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,545 1,265 1,290 0.6 0.6 0.6
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 90 45 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 150 135 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 230 120 110 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 410 395 0.2 0.2 0.2
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 205 100 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 730 365 360 0.2 0.2 0.2
Dari 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 185 90 95 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 635 320 315 0.2 0.2 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 715 330 390 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,750 1,265 1,480 0.7 0.6 0.7
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 45 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 95 110 0.0 0.0 0.1
Portuguese 210 95 120 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 690 305 385 0.2 0.2 0.2
Romanian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 435 200 235 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,745 820 925 0.4 0.4 0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 165 55 110 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 215 365 0.1 0.1 0.2
Korean 320 145 175 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,295 600 695 0.3 0.3 0.3
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 90 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 70 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 1,280 575 710 1.4 1.4 1.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,515 3,440 4,070 1.8 1.7 1.9
Chinese languages 1,270 565 700 1.4 1.3 1.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,460 3,410 4,050 1.8 1.7 1.9
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 675 300 370 0.8 0.7 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,590 2,110 2,475 1.1 1.1 1.2
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 560 240 315 0.6 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,655 1,205 1,455 0.6 0.6 0.7
Chinese, n.o.s. 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 55 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 45 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 55 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 40 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 45 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 90 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 45 20 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 85 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 45 15 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 65 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 2,005 910 1,095 2.2 2.2 2.3 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 8,280 3,820 4,455 2.0 1.9 2.1
English and French 235 100 135 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 785 340 445 0.2 0.2 0.2
English and non-official language(s) 1,680 775 910 1.9 1.8 1.9 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 7,155 3,330 3,830 1.7 1.7 1.8
French and non-official language(s) 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 45 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 45 20 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 95 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 89,115 42,325 46,790 100.0 100.0 100.0 670 310 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 409,930 198,370 211,560 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 79,630 38,125 41,500 89.4 90.1 88.7 630 295 335 94.0 95.2 91.8 370,720 180,475 190,240 90.4 91.0 89.9
English 2,310 1,070 1,235 2.6 2.5 2.6 5 5 5 0.7 1.6 1.4 10,900 5,215 5,680 2.7 2.6 2.7
French 1,135 490 640 1.3 1.2 1.4 10 5 5 1.5 1.6 1.4 4,105 1,840 2,265 1.0 0.9 1.1
Non-official language 4,730 2,020 2,710 5.3 4.8 5.8 20 10 10 3.0 3.2 2.7 19,460 8,650 10,810 4.7 4.4 5.1
Indigenous39 90 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 115 135 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 4,640 1,975 2,660 5.2 4.7 5.7 20 10 10 3.0 3.2 2.7 19,220 8,540 10,680 4.7 4.3 5.0
English and French 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 70 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 385 190 190 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550 760 790 0.4 0.4 0.4
French and non-official language(s) 340 160 180 0.4 0.4 0.4 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 1,045 445 595 0.3 0.2 0.3
English, French and non-official language(s) 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 540 240 300 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,975 900 1,075 0.5 0.5 0.5
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 87,890 41,805 46,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 660 295 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 406,075 196,725 209,350 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 87,205 41,520 45,690 99.2 99.3 99.2 645 285 360 97.7 96.6 98.6 402,690 195,210 207,480 99.2 99.2 99.1
English 87,180 41,515 45,665 99.2 99.3 99.1 645 285 360 97.7 96.6 98.6 402,570 195,165 207,400 99.1 99.2 99.1
French 11,765 5,065 6,700 13.4 12.1 14.5 125 55 70 18.9 18.6 19.2 41,570 18,300 23,265 10.2 9.3 11.1
Non-official languages 20,225 9,275 10,950 23.0 22.2 23.8 105 40 65 15.9 13.6 17.8 82,285 37,660 44,620 20.3 19.1 21.3
Indigenous languages39 355 145 210 0.4 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 810 345 465 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algonquian languages 190 65 125 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 100 155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 70 30 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 70 30 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 45 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 125 35 85 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 50 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 110 25 75 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 40 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 105 25 75 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 40 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 25 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 25 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 100 155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Halkomelem 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 70 120 0.0 0.0 0.1
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 19,930 9,170 10,760 22.7 21.9 23.4 105 40 65 15.9 13.6 17.8 81,565 37,360 44,200 20.1 19.0 21.1
Afro-Asiatic languages 1,280 655 625 1.5 1.6 1.4 10 10 0 1.5 3.4 0.0 3,820 1,965 1,855 0.9 1.0 0.9
Berber languages 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 115 45 70 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 125 115 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 65 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 75 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 45 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 1,205 625 585 1.4 1.5 1.3 10 10 0 1.5 3.4 0.0 3,635 1,880 1,760 0.9 1.0 0.8
Amharic 110 35 80 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 345 150 190 0.1 0.1 0.1
Arabic 880 485 400 1.0 1.2 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,580 1,390 1,190 0.6 0.7 0.6
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 180 90 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 275 305 0.1 0.1 0.1
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 65 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 120 120 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 345 130 215 0.4 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,970 835 1,140 0.5 0.4 0.5
Khmer (Cambodian) 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 295 100 195 0.3 0.2 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,775 735 1,045 0.4 0.4 0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 2,125 845 1,275 2.4 2.0 2.8 10 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.7 7,235 2,850 4,385 1.8 1.4 2.1
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 65 105 0.0 0.0 0.1
Cebuano 75 30 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 125 245 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 45 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 145 75 75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 430 200 235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 70 25 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.7 280 110 170 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kankanaey 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 50 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 80 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 1,960 775 1,185 2.2 1.9 2.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,505 2,525 3,980 1.6 1.3 1.9
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 55 20 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 125 150 0.1 0.1 0.1
Creole languages 85 45 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 100 105 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haitian Creole 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 380 225 155 0.4 0.5 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,245 690 555 0.3 0.4 0.3
Kannada 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 55 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 190 120 65 0.2 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 275 195 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 80 45 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 480 255 225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Telugu 140 75 65 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 235 175 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 11,240 5,355 5,885 12.8 12.8 12.8 70 30 40 10.6 10.2 11.0 46,395 21,830 24,565 11.4 11.1 11.7
Albanian 75 45 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 100 115 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 1,625 760 860 1.8 1.8 1.9 25 15 15 3.8 5.1 4.1 6,080 2,840 3,245 1.5 1.4 1.6
Baltic languages 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 75 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 1,590 750 840 1.8 1.8 1.8 25 15 15 3.8 5.1 4.1 5,965 2,770 3,195 1.5 1.4 1.5
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 40 25 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 90 105 0.0 0.0 0.1
Czech 125 50 80 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 215 225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 355 170 185 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,450 665 785 0.4 0.3 0.4
Russian 620 300 320 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,260 1,025 1,235 0.6 0.5 0.6
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 295 140 155 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,080 530 550 0.3 0.3 0.3
Bosnian 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 130 60 75 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 635 300 335 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbian 175 85 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 430 220 215 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 60 25 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 115 120 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovene (Slovenian) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 210 120 95 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 830 385 445 0.2 0.2 0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 50 35 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 75 105 0.0 0.0 0.1
Irish 30 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 15 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 2,760 1,290 1,470 3.1 3.1 3.2 25 20 10 3.8 6.8 2.7 12,075 5,490 6,590 3.0 2.8 3.1
Frisian 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 1,950 915 1,045 2.2 2.2 2.3 20 20 0 3.0 6.8 0.0 8,040 3,655 4,390 2.0 1.9 2.1
German 1,915 900 1,015 2.2 2.2 2.2 20 20 0 3.0 6.8 0.0 7,875 3,600 4,275 1.9 1.8 2.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 75 150 0.1 0.0 0.1
Yiddish 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 605 250 350 0.7 0.6 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,120 1,440 1,675 0.8 0.7 0.8
Afrikaans 115 65 50 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 475 405 0.2 0.2 0.2
Dutch 475 180 290 0.5 0.4 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,210 955 1,255 0.5 0.5 0.6
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 295 165 130 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,415 650 760 0.3 0.3 0.4
Danish 95 60 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 565 245 315 0.1 0.1 0.2
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 105 65 40 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 220 200 0.1 0.1 0.1
Swedish 125 55 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 525 245 280 0.1 0.1 0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 90 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 620 315 305 0.2 0.2 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 1,995 1,020 980 2.3 2.4 2.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,970 5,690 5,280 2.7 2.9 2.5
Indo-Aryan languages 1,585 825 770 1.8 2.0 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,580 5,010 4,570 2.4 2.5 2.2
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 130 65 65 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 215 195 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 120 70 60 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 205 220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hindi 830 475 355 0.9 1.1 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,145 2,300 1,840 1.0 1.2 0.9
Kacchi 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 115 45 70 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 140 135 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 130 115 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 575 275 290 0.7 0.7 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,990 3,040 2,955 1.5 1.5 1.4
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 35 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 295 140 155 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 900 480 420 0.2 0.2 0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 440 220 225 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,460 735 720 0.4 0.4 0.3
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 40 30 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 60 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 400 190 215 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,340 665 670 0.3 0.3 0.3
Dari 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 55 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 355 170 185 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,210 590 620 0.3 0.3 0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 5,290 2,460 2,830 6.0 5.9 6.1 25 0 20 3.8 0.0 5.5 18,340 8,285 10,055 4.5 4.2 4.8
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 15 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 830 325 505 0.9 0.8 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,700 1,190 1,510 0.7 0.6 0.7
Portuguese 620 310 315 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,630 1,240 1,380 0.6 0.6 0.7
Romanian 60 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 180 235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Spanish 4,160 1,990 2,170 4.7 4.8 4.7 20 0 15 3.0 0.0 4.1 13,755 6,190 7,565 3.4 3.1 3.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 35 25 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 1,065 410 660 1.2 1.0 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,625 1,405 2,215 0.9 0.7 1.1
Korean 695 320 375 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,220 1,025 1,195 0.5 0.5 0.6
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 270 135 135 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 985 510 485 0.2 0.3 0.2
Akan (Twi) 50 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 20 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 95 45 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 180 155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 80 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 40 35 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 110 60 0.0 0.1 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 280 90 185 0.3 0.2 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 900 335 565 0.2 0.2 0.3
American Sign Language 240 65 175 0.3 0.2 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 265 535 0.2 0.1 0.3
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 50 30 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 90 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 2,670 1,200 1,470 3.0 2.9 3.2 10 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.7 14,250 6,520 7,730 3.5 3.3 3.7
Chinese languages 2,625 1,170 1,450 3.0 2.8 3.1 10 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.7 13,995 6,370 7,625 3.4 3.2 3.6
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 1,560 685 880 1.8 1.6 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,375 4,210 5,160 2.3 2.1 2.5
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 45 20 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 535 205 330 0.1 0.1 0.2
Wu (Shanghainese) 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 55 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 1,360 600 755 1.5 1.4 1.6 10 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.7 6,140 2,750 3,390 1.5 1.4 1.6
Chinese, n.o.s. 50 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 50 35 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 160 105 0.1 0.1 0.1
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 55 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 35 25 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 80 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 165 55 110 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 205 340 0.1 0.1 0.2
Lao 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 160 55 110 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 195 335 0.1 0.1 0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 215 105 110 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 715 360 360 0.2 0.2 0.2
Azerbaijani 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 195 100 100 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 325 315 0.2 0.2 0.2
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 315 165 155 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,175 570 605 0.3 0.3 0.3
Estonian 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 20 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 95 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 185 170 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hungarian 195 110 80 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 725 365 360 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 87,890 41,810 46,085 100.0 100.0 100.0 660 295 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 406,080 196,725 209,345 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous identity45 4,365 1,935 2,425 5.0 4.6 5.3 15 0 15 2.3 0.0 4.1 20,195 9,600 10,590 5.0 4.9 5.1
Single Indigenous responses46 4,160 1,865 2,295 4.7 4.5 5.0 15 0 15 2.3 0.0 4.1 19,315 9,230 10,090 4.8 4.7 4.8
First Nations (North American Indian) 2,345 1,120 1,220 2.7 2.7 2.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,260 5,460 5,805 2.8 2.8 2.8
Métis 1,785 735 1,050 2.0 1.8 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,920 3,705 4,215 2.0 1.9 2.0
Inuk (Inuit) 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 70 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses47 135 40 95 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 455 185 275 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 70 40 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 195 225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous identity 83,530 39,870 43,655 95.0 95.4 94.7 650 295 355 98.5 100.0 95.9 385,885 187,125 198,760 95.0 95.1 94.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 87,890 41,810 46,085 100.0 100.0 100.0 660 295 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 406,080 196,725 209,345 100.0 100.0 100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian49 1,530 730 805 1.7 1.7 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,870 3,815 4,055 1.9 1.9 1.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 86,360 41,080 45,275 98.3 98.3 98.2 660 295 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 398,205 192,910 205,300 98.1 98.1 98.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 185,205 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Owner 19,455 ... ... 39.5 ... ... 150 ... ... 56.6 ... ... 116,530 ... ... 62.9 ... ...
Renter 29,765 ... ... 60.5 ... ... 115 ... ... 43.4 ... ... 68,425 ... ... 36.9 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 255 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 185,205 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Condominium 15,085 ... ... 30.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 36,055 ... ... 19.5 ... ...
Not condominium 34,140 ... ... 69.4 ... ... 260 ... ... 98.1 ... ... 149,150 ... ... 80.5 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 185,205 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
No bedrooms 2,265 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 3,375 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
1 bedroom 19,425 ... ... 39.5 ... ... 50 ... ... 18.9 ... ... 37,730 ... ... 20.4 ... ...
2 bedrooms 17,385 ... ... 35.3 ... ... 65 ... ... 24.5 ... ... 54,565 ... ... 29.5 ... ...
3 bedrooms 6,435 ... ... 13.1 ... ... 90 ... ... 34.0 ... ... 48,855 ... ... 26.4 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 3,710 ... ... 7.5 ... ... 55 ... ... 20.8 ... ... 40,685 ... ... 22.0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 185,205 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 31,515 ... ... 64.0 ... ... 80 ... ... 30.2 ... ... 71,110 ... ... 38.4 ... ...
5 rooms 6,935 ... ... 14.1 ... ... 35 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 27,390 ... ... 14.8 ... ...
6 rooms 3,760 ... ... 7.6 ... ... 20 ... ... 7.5 ... ... 22,575 ... ... 12.2 ... ...
7 rooms 2,515 ... ... 5.1 ... ... 35 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 19,040 ... ... 10.3 ... ...
8 or more rooms 4,495 ... ... 9.1 ... ... 95 ... ... 35.8 ... ... 45,100 ... ... 24.4 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 4.3 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 5.7 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 185,205 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 48,460 ... ... 98.4 ... ... 260 ... ... 98.1 ... ... 182,595 ... ... 98.6 ... ...
More than one person per room 765 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 2,610 ... ... 1.4 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 185,205 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Suitable 46,495 ... ... 94.5 ... ... 240 ... ... 90.6 ... ... 177,475 ... ... 95.8 ... ...
Not suitable 2,725 ... ... 5.5 ... ... 30 ... ... 11.3 ... ... 7,730 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 185,205 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1960 or before 15,050 ... ... 30.6 ... ... 210 ... ... 79.2 ... ... 39,165 ... ... 21.1 ... ...
1961 to 1980 16,265 ... ... 33.0 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 55,785 ... ... 30.1 ... ...
1981 to 1990 4,655 ... ... 9.5 ... ... 25 ... ... 9.4 ... ... 25,135 ... ... 13.6 ... ...
1991 to 2000 4,475 ... ... 9.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 21,045 ... ... 11.4 ... ...
2001 to 2005 1,590 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 8,465 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
2006 to 2010 2,260 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 11,215 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
2011 to 2015 1,780 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 8,845 ... ... 4.8 ... ...
2016 to 202157 3,145 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 15,555 ... ... 8.4 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 185,205 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 46,175 ... ... 93.8 ... ... 255 ... ... 96.2 ... ... 175,285 ... ... 94.6 ... ...
Major repairs needed 3,045 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 9,925 ... ... 5.4 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 185,205 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-maintainer household 29,905 ... ... 60.8 ... ... 80 ... ... 30.2 ... ... 91,800 ... ... 49.6 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 17,620 ... ... 35.8 ... ... 160 ... ... 60.4 ... ... 83,055 ... ... 44.8 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 1,700 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 25 ... ... 9.4 ... ... 10,350 ... ... 5.6 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 185,205 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
15 to 24 years 2,750 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 6,545 ... ... 3.5 ... ...
25 to 34 years 9,980 ... ... 20.3 ... ... 35 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 24,950 ... ... 13.5 ... ...
35 to 44 years 8,295 ... ... 16.9 ... ... 45 ... ... 17.0 ... ... 29,165 ... ... 15.7 ... ...
45 to 54 years 6,825 ... ... 13.9 ... ... 75 ... ... 28.3 ... ... 29,015 ... ... 15.7 ... ...
55 to 64 years 7,660 ... ... 15.6 ... ... 50 ... ... 18.9 ... ... 34,910 ... ... 18.8 ... ...
65 to 74 years 8,150 ... ... 16.6 ... ... 30 ... ... 11.3 ... ... 34,945 ... ... 18.9 ... ...
75 to 84 years 4,140 ... ... 8.4 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 18,565 ... ... 10.0 ... ...
85 years and over 1,425 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 7,115 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 49,045 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 260 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 181,670 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 32,375 ... ... 66.0 ... ... 170 ... ... 65.4 ... ... 134,750 ... ... 74.2 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 16,675 ... ... 34.0 ... ... 90 ... ... 34.6 ... ... 46,925 ... ... 25.8 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 14,890 ... ... 30.4 ... ... 85 ... ... 32.7 ... ... 41,830 ... ... 23.0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 49,220 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 185,210 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 20,495 ... ... 41.6 ... ... 115 ... ... 43.4 ... ... 59,450 ... ... 32.1 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 14,935 ... ... 30.3 ... ... 75 ... ... 28.3 ... ... 42,365 ... ... 22.9 ... ...
Not suitable only 1,805 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 5,510 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 1,870 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 6,575 ... ... 3.6 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 715 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 1,650 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 975 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 2,780 ... ... 1.5 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 150 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 445 ... ... 0.2 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 60 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 125 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
Acceptable housing 28,725 ... ... 58.4 ... ... 150 ... ... 56.6 ... ... 125,760 ... ... 67.9 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 47,260 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 255 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 176,580 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
In core need 9,160 ... ... 19.4 ... ... 40 ... ... 15.7 ... ... 22,330 ... ... 12.6 ... ...
Not in core need 38,100 ... ... 80.6 ... ... 215 ... ... 84.3 ... ... 154,245 ... ... 87.4 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 19,455 ... ... ... ... ... 150 ... ... ... ... ... 114,220 ... ... ... ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 56.1 ... ... 56.1 ... ... 53.3 ... ... 53.3 ... ... 55.9 ... ... 55.9 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 21.5 ... ... 21.5 ... ... 20.0 ... ... 20.0 ... ... 17.4 ... ... 17.4 ... ...
% in core housing need63 8.3 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 6.0 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,310 ... ... 1,310 ... ... 1,980 ... ... 1,980 ... ... 1,340 ... ... 1,340 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,586 ... ... 1,586 ... ... 1,920 ... ... 1,920 ... ... 1,640 ... ... 1,640 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 750,000 ... ... 750,000 ... ... 1,200,000 ... ... 1,200,000 ... ... 850,000 ... ... 850,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 821,000 ... ... 821,000 ... ... 1,220,000 ... ... 1,220,000 ... ... 939,000 ... ... 939,000 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 29,765 ... ... ... ... ... 110 ... ... ... ... ... 67,965 ... ... ... ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 11.2 ... ... 11.2 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 10.9 ... ... 10.9 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 42.2 ... ... 42.2 ... ... 59.1 ... ... 59.1 ... ... 40.0 ... ... 40.0 ... ...
% in core housing need63 26.8 ... ... 26.8 ... ... 35.0 ... ... 35.0 ... ... 24.2 ... ... 24.2 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,300 ... ... 1,300 ... ... 1,450 ... ... 1,450 ... ... 1,350 ... ... 1,350 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,378 ... ... 1,378 ... ... 1,800 ... ... 1,800 ... ... 1,444 ... ... 1,444 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... ... ... ... 0 ... ... ... ... ... 255 ... ... ... ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 14.0 ... ... 14.0 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 548 ... ... 548 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 512 ... ... 512 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 87,890 41,810 46,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 665 290 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 406,075 196,730 209,350 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 1,190 530 665 1.4 1.3 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,555 3,195 3,360 1.6 1.6 1.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 1,170 525 650 1.3 1.3 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,440 3,155 3,280 1.6 1.6 1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 980 445 535 1.1 1.1 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,340 2,590 2,750 1.3 1.3 1.3
Métis single ancestry 185 75 110 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,060 555 500 0.3 0.3 0.2
Inuit single ancestry 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 40 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 40 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 4,060 1,860 2,200 4.6 4.4 4.8 15 0 15 2.3 0.0 4.1 17,035 7,900 9,135 4.2 4.0 4.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 3,885 1,795 2,095 4.4 4.3 4.5 15 0 15 2.3 0.0 4.1 16,385 7,650 8,740 4.0 3.9 4.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 2,715 1,330 1,385 3.1 3.2 3.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,060 5,260 5,800 2.7 2.7 2.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 1,150 455 690 1.3 1.1 1.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,160 2,300 2,865 1.3 1.2 1.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 175 65 110 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 650 250 400 0.2 0.1 0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 165 65 100 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 610 245 365 0.2 0.1 0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 82,640 39,425 43,215 94.0 94.3 93.8 650 290 355 97.7 100.0 95.9 382,485 185,635 196,855 94.2 94.4 94.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 87,890 41,810 46,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 660 290 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 406,075 196,725 209,350 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian citizens77 80,110 38,110 41,995 91.1 91.2 91.1 625 275 345 94.7 94.8 93.2 377,360 183,295 194,065 92.9 93.2 92.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18 9,315 4,640 4,680 10.6 11.1 10.2 110 45 70 16.7 15.5 18.9 60,445 30,990 29,455 14.9 15.8 14.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 70,785 33,470 37,320 80.5 80.1 81.0 510 235 280 77.3 81.0 75.7 316,915 152,305 164,610 78.0 77.4 78.6
Not Canadian citizens78 7,785 3,700 4,085 8.9 8.8 8.9 40 20 20 6.1 6.9 5.4 28,715 13,435 15,285 7.1 6.8 7.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 87,890 41,810 46,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 660 290 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 406,075 196,725 209,350 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-immigrants80 67,650 32,350 35,300 77.0 77.4 76.6 545 240 305 82.6 82.8 82.4 320,165 156,565 163,605 78.8 79.6 78.1
Immigrants81 17,580 8,145 9,430 20.0 19.5 20.5 115 50 65 17.4 17.2 17.6 77,095 35,715 41,380 19.0 18.2 19.8
Before 1980 5,690 2,560 3,130 6.5 6.1 6.8 10 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.7 26,995 12,545 14,450 6.6 6.4 6.9
1980 to 1990 1,660 835 830 1.9 2.0 1.8 10 0 0 1.5 0.0 0.0 8,815 4,215 4,600 2.2 2.1 2.2
1991 to 2000 2,335 1,050 1,290 2.7 2.5 2.8 30 20 10 4.5 6.9 2.7 9,990 4,445 5,540 2.5 2.3 2.6
2001 to 2010 2,930 1,365 1,565 3.3 3.3 3.4 30 10 15 4.5 3.4 4.1 13,130 5,995 7,130 3.2 3.0 3.4
2011 to 202182 4,960 2,330 2,625 5.6 5.6 5.7 30 15 15 4.5 5.2 4.1 18,165 8,510 9,660 4.5 4.3 4.6
2011 to 2015 1,895 870 1,025 2.2 2.1 2.2 20 10 10 3.0 3.4 2.7 7,860 3,675 4,180 1.9 1.9 2.0
2016 to 2021 3,070 1,465 1,600 3.5 3.5 3.5 15 10 0 2.3 3.4 0.0 10,305 4,835 5,475 2.5 2.5 2.6
Non-permanent residents83 2,660 1,310 1,345 3.0 3.1 2.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,815 4,445 4,365 2.2 2.3 2.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 17,580 8,145 9,435 100.0 100.0 100.0 110 50 60 100.0 100.0 100.0 77,095 35,715 41,380 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years 1,870 905 960 10.6 11.1 10.2 10 0 10 9.1 0.0 16.7 8,090 3,955 4,135 10.5 11.1 10.0
5 to 14 years 2,890 1,540 1,350 16.4 18.9 14.3 10 0 0 9.1 0.0 0.0 13,340 6,735 6,600 17.3 18.9 15.9
15 to 24 years 3,040 1,325 1,710 17.3 16.3 18.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,795 6,635 8,165 19.2 18.6 19.7
25 to 44 years 8,255 3,725 4,530 47.0 45.7 48.0 70 30 40 63.6 60.0 66.7 33,485 15,045 18,445 43.4 42.1 44.6
45 years and over 1,525 645 885 8.7 7.9 9.4 15 10 10 13.6 20.0 16.7 7,385 3,350 4,030 9.6 9.4 9.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 17,580 8,145 9,435 100.0 100.0 100.0 110 50 60 100.0 100.0 100.0 77,095 35,715 41,380 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 3,175 1,435 1,740 18.1 17.6 18.4 20 0 20 18.2 0.0 33.3 12,005 5,405 6,600 15.6 15.1 15.9
Brazil 110 65 50 0.6 0.8 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 215 220 0.6 0.6 0.5
Colombia 125 60 60 0.7 0.7 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 230 310 0.7 0.6 0.7
El Salvador 55 25 30 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 120 110 0.3 0.3 0.3
Guyana 25 0 20 0.1 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 65 80 0.2 0.2 0.2
Haiti 20 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Jamaica 105 55 45 0.6 0.7 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 180 175 0.5 0.5 0.4
Mexico 245 110 130 1.4 1.4 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 905 415 485 1.2 1.2 1.2
Peru 35 15 20 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 65 95 0.2 0.2 0.2
Trinidad and Tobago 40 0 35 0.2 0.0 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 90 160 0.3 0.3 0.4
United States of America 1,945 855 1,090 11.1 10.5 11.6 20 0 20 18.2 0.0 33.3 7,405 3,265 4,140 9.6 9.1 10.0
Other places of birth in Americas 475 230 245 2.7 2.8 2.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,490 705 780 1.9 2.0 1.9
Europe 6,655 3,190 3,465 37.9 39.2 36.7 75 40 40 68.2 80.0 66.7 30,885 14,830 16,055 40.1 41.5 38.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina 30 10 20 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 55 80 0.2 0.2 0.2
Croatia 40 10 30 0.2 0.1 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 145 190 0.4 0.4 0.5
France 160 80 85 0.9 1.0 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 635 250 385 0.8 0.7 0.9
Germany 590 250 340 3.4 3.1 3.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,840 1,295 1,540 3.7 3.6 3.7
Greece 30 20 15 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 150 120 0.4 0.4 0.3
Hungary 100 60 45 0.6 0.7 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 435 205 230 0.6 0.6 0.6
Italy 135 75 65 0.8 0.9 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 655 355 300 0.8 1.0 0.7
Netherlands 315 115 205 1.8 1.4 2.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,585 730 850 2.1 2.0 2.1
Poland 270 145 120 1.5 1.8 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 985 490 495 1.3 1.4 1.2
Portugal 80 35 50 0.5 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 385 495 1.1 1.1 1.2
Romania 95 50 40 0.5 0.6 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 215 245 0.6 0.6 0.6
Russian Federation 255 115 140 1.5 1.4 1.5 10 10 0 9.1 20.0 0.0 750 310 440 1.0 0.9 1.1
Serbia86 95 45 50 0.5 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 120 105 0.3 0.3 0.3
Ukraine 95 60 35 0.5 0.7 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 540 270 270 0.7 0.8 0.7
United Kingdom87 3,505 1,740 1,765 19.9 21.4 18.7 45 15 30 40.9 30.0 50.0 16,455 8,025 8,435 21.3 22.5 20.4
Other places of birth in Europe 860 400 460 4.9 4.9 4.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,705 1,825 1,875 4.8 5.1 4.5
Africa 1,055 520 535 6.0 6.4 5.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,995 2,040 1,955 5.2 5.7 4.7
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 15 0.0 0.1 0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 30 0.1 0.1 0.1
Egypt 55 45 0 0.3 0.6 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 130 60 0.3 0.4 0.1
Eritrea 55 25 25 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 80 70 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ethiopia 110 35 80 0.6 0.4 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 150 165 0.4 0.4 0.4
Morocco 95 40 50 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 90 70 0.2 0.3 0.2
Nigeria 50 20 30 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 150 145 0.4 0.4 0.4
Somalia 20 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 45 35 0.1 0.1 0.1
South Africa, Republic of 260 120 140 1.5 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,380 675 700 1.8 1.9 1.7
Other places of birth in Africa 390 205 190 2.2 2.5 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,350 680 665 1.8 1.9 1.6
Asia 6,365 2,820 3,545 36.2 34.6 37.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,720 12,575 16,140 37.3 35.2 39.0
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 40 15 0.1 0.1 0.0
Iran88 260 135 125 1.5 1.7 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 900 460 445 1.2 1.3 1.1
Iraq 55 30 25 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 65 60 0.2 0.2 0.1
Lebanon 45 20 25 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 85 95 0.2 0.2 0.2
Syria89 185 115 75 1.1 1.4 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 285 260 0.7 0.8 0.6
Turkey 100 60 40 0.6 0.7 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 165 130 0.4 0.5 0.3
China90 1,110 485 625 6.3 6.0 6.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,505 2,825 3,685 8.4 7.9 8.9
Hong Kong91 210 90 115 1.2 1.1 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 625 595 1.6 1.7 1.4
Korea, South92 400 185 220 2.3 2.3 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,385 640 740 1.8 1.8 1.8
Taiwan 110 40 70 0.6 0.5 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 250 420 0.9 0.7 1.0
Philippines 1,845 740 1,100 10.5 9.1 11.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,200 2,405 3,790 8.0 6.7 9.2
Viet Nam 210 90 120 1.2 1.1 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,150 465 685 1.5 1.3 1.7
Bangladesh 60 40 25 0.3 0.5 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 80 90 0.2 0.2 0.2
India 650 365 285 3.7 4.5 3.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,905 2,460 2,440 6.4 6.9 5.9
Pakistan 170 75 95 1.0 0.9 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 480 245 235 0.6 0.7 0.6
Sri Lanka 25 15 15 0.1 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 80 75 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other places of birth in Asia 925 335 590 5.3 4.1 6.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,775 1,400 2,375 4.9 3.9 5.7
Oceania and other places of birth93 335 180 155 1.9 2.2 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,490 865 625 1.9 2.4 1.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 3,070 1,465 1,605 100.0 100.0 100.0 15 10 0 100.0 100.0 0.0 10,310 4,830 5,475 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 470 205 265 15.3 14.0 16.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,540 675 870 14.9 14.0 15.9
Brazil 50 25 20 1.6 1.7 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 50 75 1.3 1.0 1.4
Colombia 25 0 20 0.8 0.0 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 35 85 1.2 0.7 1.6
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 20 0 10 0.7 0.0 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.3 0.3 0.3
Mexico 45 25 25 1.5 1.7 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 70 70 1.3 1.4 1.3
United States of America 255 105 150 8.3 7.2 9.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 925 415 505 9.0 8.6 9.2
Venezuela95 15 10 10 0.5 0.7 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.2 0.3 0.3
Other places of birth in Americas 65 30 30 2.1 2.0 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 75 105 1.7 1.6 1.9
Europe 475 270 210 15.5 18.4 13.1 10 0 0 66.7 0.0 0.0 1,415 750 670 13.7 15.5 12.2
France 35 20 15 1.1 1.4 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 45 45 0.8 0.9 0.8
Germany 50 25 25 1.6 1.7 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 60 75 1.4 1.2 1.4
Ireland96 40 20 15 1.3 1.4 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 50 25 0.8 1.0 0.5
Italy 15 15 0 0.5 1.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 40 10 0.5 0.8 0.2
Russian Federation 25 10 15 0.8 0.7 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 15 45 0.6 0.3 0.8
Ukraine 25 10 15 0.8 0.7 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 45 0.7 0.7 0.8
United Kingdom87 185 120 65 6.0 8.2 4.0 10 0 0 66.7 0.0 0.0 585 360 220 5.7 7.5 4.0
Other places of birth in Europe 110 55 55 3.6 3.8 3.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 145 205 3.4 3.0 3.7
Africa 300 125 180 9.8 8.5 11.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 420 410 8.1 8.7 7.5
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.1 0.2 0.2
Côte d'Ivoire 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.2 0.4 0.0
Eritrea 20 15 0 0.7 1.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.5 0.6 0.4
Ethiopia 50 15 40 1.6 1.0 2.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 35 40 0.8 0.7 0.7
Morocco 25 0 20 0.8 0.0 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.3 0.2 0.4
Nigeria 30 10 25 1.0 0.7 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 95 90 1.8 2.0 1.6
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2
South Africa, Republic of 30 10 20 1.0 0.7 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 50 40 0.8 1.0 0.7
Sudan97 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 35 45 0.8 0.7 0.8
Tunisia 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Africa 115 55 60 3.7 3.8 3.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 130 115 2.3 2.7 2.1
Asia 1,750 810 940 57.0 55.3 58.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,320 2,830 3,485 61.3 58.6 63.7
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.3 0.4 0.2
Bangladesh 30 20 10 1.0 1.4 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.5 0.4 0.5
China90 160 50 110 5.2 3.4 6.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,195 475 720 11.6 9.8 13.2
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 0 0.2 0.3 0.0
India 300 155 140 9.8 10.6 8.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,210 645 565 11.7 13.4 10.3
Iran88 25 15 15 0.8 1.0 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 45 0.8 0.8 0.8
Iraq 35 15 20 1.1 1.0 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 35 0.6 0.7 0.6
Israel 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.2 0.2 0.3
Japan 55 10 45 1.8 0.7 2.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 55 160 2.1 1.1 2.9
Jordan 10 0 10 0.3 0.0 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2
Korea, South92 90 35 55 2.9 2.4 3.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 120 160 2.7 2.5 2.9
Lebanon 10 0 10 0.3 0.0 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 40 0.5 0.4 0.7
Nepal 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 50 30 0.7 1.0 0.5
Pakistan 75 40 30 2.4 2.7 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 45 1.0 1.1 0.8
Philippines 585 265 325 19.1 18.1 20.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,750 750 1,000 17.0 15.5 18.3
Saudi Arabia 15 0 0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 30 0.4 0.3 0.5
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 0 0.2 0.2 0.0
Syria89 180 105 75 5.9 7.2 4.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 475 245 225 4.6 5.1 4.1
Turkey 35 30 0 1.1 2.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 80 60 1.4 1.7 1.1
United Arab Emirates 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.3 0.3 0.3
Viet Nam 30 10 15 1.0 0.7 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 40 125 1.6 0.8 2.3
Other places of birth in Asia 110 50 55 3.6 3.4 3.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 110 155 2.6 2.3 2.8
Oceania and other93 70 55 10 2.3 3.8 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 155 40 1.9 3.2 0.7
Australia 50 40 10 1.6 2.7 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 105 35 1.3 2.2 0.6
Other places of birth98 15 10 0 0.5 0.7 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 50 10 0.5 1.0 0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 87,890 41,810 46,085 100.0 100.0 100.0 660 295 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 406,075 196,725 209,350 100.0 100.0 100.0
First generation100 22,125 10,340 11,780 25.2 24.7 25.6 140 65 80 21.2 22.0 21.9 93,085 43,670 49,420 22.9 22.2 23.6
Second generation101 19,390 9,125 10,270 22.1 21.8 22.3 215 90 120 32.6 30.5 32.9 87,265 41,965 45,295 21.5 21.3 21.6
Third generation or more102 46,375 22,345 24,035 52.8 53.4 52.2 305 135 170 46.2 45.8 46.6 225,720 111,090 114,635 55.6 56.5 54.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 11,890 5,580 6,305 100.0 100.0 100.0 95 50 50 100.0 100.0 100.0 50,100 23,170 26,930 100.0 100.0 100.0
Economic immigrants104 6,710 3,275 3,435 56.4 58.7 54.5 40 25 15 42.1 50.0 30.0 27,325 13,450 13,875 54.5 58.0 51.5
Principal applicants105 3,295 1,775 1,520 27.7 31.8 24.1 25 20 10 26.3 40.0 20.0 12,600 7,025 5,575 25.1 30.3 20.7
Secondary applicants106 3,410 1,495 1,920 28.7 26.8 30.5 10 0 10 10.5 0.0 20.0 14,730 6,425 8,300 29.4 27.7 30.8
Immigrants sponsored by family107 4,095 1,700 2,400 34.4 30.5 38.1 55 15 35 57.9 30.0 70.0 18,280 7,305 10,980 36.5 31.5 40.8
Refugees108 955 545 410 8.0 9.8 6.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,050 2,220 1,830 8.1 9.6 6.8
Other immigrants109 125 65 65 1.1 1.2 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 450 200 250 0.9 0.9 0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 11,890 5,580 6,305 100.0 100.0 100.0 95 50 50 100.0 100.0 100.0 50,100 23,170 26,930 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asylum claim before admission111 275 160 115 2.3 2.9 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 985 550 440 2.0 2.4 1.6
Work permits only before admission112 2,540 1,105 1,435 21.4 19.8 22.8 30 20 15 31.6 40.0 30.0 8,990 3,965 5,030 17.9 17.1 18.7
Study permits only before admission113 585 265 315 4.9 4.7 5.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,315 1,090 1,230 4.6 4.7 4.6
Work and study permits before admission114 1,075 475 595 9.0 8.5 9.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,980 1,790 2,190 7.9 7.7 8.1
Other permits before admission115 75 30 45 0.6 0.5 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 125 230 0.7 0.5 0.9
No pre-admission experience116 7,345 3,545 3,800 61.8 63.5 60.3 65 30 30 68.4 60.0 60.0 33,470 15,660 17,815 66.8 67.6 66.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 87,890 41,810 46,085 100.0 100.0 100.0 660 295 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 406,080 196,725 209,345 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total visible minority population118 14,860 6,980 7,880 16.9 16.7 17.1 35 10 25 5.3 3.4 6.8 65,680 31,090 34,590 16.2 15.8 16.5
South Asian 2,540 1,295 1,250 2.9 3.1 2.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,825 7,050 6,775 3.4 3.6 3.2
Chinese 3,075 1,455 1,620 3.5 3.5 3.5 15 0 10 2.3 0.0 2.7 17,530 8,190 9,340 4.3 4.2 4.5
Black 1,510 755 750 1.7 1.8 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,175 2,705 2,475 1.3 1.4 1.2
Filipino 2,340 925 1,415 2.7 2.2 3.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,630 3,570 5,060 2.1 1.8 2.4
Arab 680 390 285 0.8 0.9 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,000 1,090 910 0.5 0.6 0.4
Latin American 1,120 515 605 1.3 1.2 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,015 1,840 2,175 1.0 0.9 1.0
Southeast Asian 780 290 490 0.9 0.7 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,860 1,765 2,095 1.0 0.9 1.0
West Asian 445 215 235 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,535 765 770 0.4 0.4 0.4
Korean 675 325 350 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,390 1,150 1,240 0.6 0.6 0.6
Japanese 895 355 540 1.0 0.8 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,495 1,390 2,100 0.9 0.7 1.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 210 120 95 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 825 405 420 0.2 0.2 0.2
Multiple visible minorities 590 340 255 0.7 0.8 0.6 10 0 0 1.5 0.0 0.0 2,400 1,165 1,225 0.6 0.6 0.6
Not a visible minority120 73,030 34,830 38,200 83.1 83.3 82.9 625 280 345 94.7 94.9 94.5 340,400 165,635 174,765 83.8 84.2 83.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 87,890 41,805 46,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 660 295 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 406,075 196,725 209,350 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian 7,335 3,745 3,590 8.3 9.0 7.8 90 40 45 13.6 13.6 12.3 44,400 22,620 21,775 10.9 11.5 10.4
English 26,790 12,640 14,150 30.5 30.2 30.7 250 105 140 37.9 35.6 38.4 128,525 61,965 66,565 31.7 31.5 31.8
Irish 18,205 8,225 9,980 20.7 19.7 21.7 150 60 90 22.7 20.3 24.7 75,265 34,425 40,845 18.5 17.5 19.5
Scottish 21,660 9,880 11,780 24.6 23.6 25.6 140 50 95 21.2 16.9 26.0 96,475 45,860 50,620 23.8 23.3 24.2
French, n.o.s.122 8,300 3,775 4,525 9.4 9.0 9.8 65 10 60 9.8 3.4 16.4 32,905 15,310 17,595 8.1 7.8 8.4
German 11,540 5,410 6,130 13.1 12.9 13.3 75 30 45 11.4 10.2 12.3 50,700 24,070 26,630 12.5 12.2 12.7
Chinese 3,285 1,545 1,735 3.7 3.7 3.8 25 10 20 3.8 3.4 5.5 18,305 8,580 9,720 4.5 4.4 4.6
Italian 3,205 1,435 1,770 3.6 3.4 3.8 20 0 10 3.0 0.0 2.7 13,325 6,235 7,095 3.3 3.2 3.4
Indian (India) 1,790 930 865 2.0 2.2 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,280 4,690 4,590 2.3 2.4 2.2
Ukrainian 4,455 2,015 2,440 5.1 4.8 5.3 45 15 30 6.8 5.1 8.2 19,630 9,290 10,340 4.8 4.7 4.9
Dutch 4,030 1,815 2,210 4.6 4.3 4.8 55 10 45 8.3 3.4 12.3 18,015 8,665 9,355 4.4 4.4 4.5
Polish 3,240 1,525 1,715 3.7 3.6 3.7 35 15 20 5.3 5.1 5.5 13,375 6,400 6,980 3.3 3.3 3.3
Québécois 260 125 135 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 955 470 490 0.2 0.2 0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.123 5,785 2,735 3,055 6.6 6.5 6.6 55 25 30 8.3 8.5 8.2 26,585 12,680 13,905 6.5 6.4 6.6
Filipino 2,255 890 1,365 2.6 2.1 3.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,645 3,580 5,065 2.1 1.8 2.4
French Canadian 1,085 495 595 1.2 1.2 1.3 10 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.7 4,700 2,300 2,400 1.2 1.2 1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 1,940 980 960 2.2 2.3 2.1 30 25 10 4.5 8.5 2.7 8,515 4,415 4,100 2.1 2.2 2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 1,460 710 750 1.7 1.7 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,940 3,845 4,090 2.0 2.0 2.0
Métis 1,525 600 925 1.7 1.4 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,970 3,145 3,825 1.7 1.6 1.8
European, n.o.s.126 2,410 1,160 1,245 2.7 2.8 2.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,340 5,680 5,650 2.8 2.9 2.7
Russian 2,195 990 1,195 2.5 2.4 2.6 15 10 0 2.3 3.4 0.0 8,795 4,060 4,735 2.2 2.1 2.3
Norwegian 3,030 1,340 1,690 3.4 3.2 3.7 35 20 15 5.3 6.8 4.1 13,665 6,350 7,320 3.4 3.2 3.5
Welsh 3,210 1,430 1,780 3.7 3.4 3.9 50 20 30 7.6 6.8 8.2 14,235 6,495 7,740 3.5 3.3 3.7
Portuguese 695 320 370 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,015 2,005 2,010 1.0 1.0 1.0
American 2,025 945 1,080 2.3 2.3 2.3 40 20 25 6.1 6.8 6.8 8,265 3,830 4,435 2.0 1.9 2.1
Spanish 1,015 440 575 1.2 1.1 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,370 1,935 2,445 1.1 1.0 1.2
Swedish 2,070 920 1,155 2.4 2.2 2.5 15 15 0 2.3 5.1 0.0 10,290 4,695 5,590 2.5 2.4 2.7
Hungarian 1,250 585 670 1.4 1.4 1.5 10 0 0 1.5 0.0 0.0 4,960 2,375 2,580 1.2 1.2 1.2
Acadian 335 165 175 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,085 505 580 0.3 0.3 0.3
Pakistani 190 80 110 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 350 340 0.2 0.2 0.2
African, n.o.s.127 450 245 205 0.5 0.6 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,475 790 680 0.4 0.4 0.3
Jewish 1,405 710 690 1.6 1.7 1.5 65 30 35 9.8 10.2 9.6 3,895 1,995 1,890 1.0 1.0 0.9
Punjabi 235 120 115 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,490 745 745 0.4 0.4 0.4
Vietnamese 410 170 245 0.5 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,300 1,060 1,235 0.6 0.5 0.6
Arab, n.o.s.128 285 175 110 0.3 0.4 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 970 520 455 0.2 0.3 0.2
Greek 440 185 250 0.5 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,290 1,090 1,205 0.6 0.6 0.6
Jamaican 275 135 135 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 905 445 465 0.2 0.2 0.2
Asian, n.o.s.129 365 140 230 0.4 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,720 745 975 0.4 0.4 0.5
Cree, n.o.s.130 550 230 315 0.6 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,145 920 1,225 0.5 0.5 0.6
Korean 675 340 340 0.8 0.8 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,435 1,210 1,225 0.6 0.6 0.6
Romanian 625 295 325 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,525 1,170 1,355 0.6 0.6 0.6
Lebanese 290 150 140 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 455 425 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian 395 185 210 0.4 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,290 640 650 0.3 0.3 0.3
Christian, n.i.e.131 220 130 85 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 440 360 0.2 0.2 0.2
Danish 1,385 610 775 1.6 1.5 1.7 15 0 10 2.3 0.0 2.7 6,760 3,305 3,455 1.7 1.7 1.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 495 285 215 0.6 0.7 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,580 780 800 0.4 0.4 0.4
Sikh 95 50 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,335 660 675 0.3 0.3 0.3
Austrian 1,090 515 575 1.2 1.2 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,645 2,120 2,525 1.1 1.1 1.2
Belgian 555 285 270 0.6 0.7 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,365 1,135 1,230 0.6 0.6 0.6
Haitian 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 50 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindu 135 85 45 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 400 365 0.2 0.2 0.2
Mexican 440 230 210 0.5 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,090 1,010 1,085 0.5 0.5 0.5
Mennonite 330 165 165 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,315 650 665 0.3 0.3 0.3
Swiss 680 310 370 0.8 0.7 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,905 1,295 1,605 0.7 0.7 0.8
Finnish 805 395 415 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,485 1,705 1,775 0.9 0.9 0.8
Sri Lankan 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 130 145 0.1 0.1 0.1
Croatian 335 175 160 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,930 955 970 0.5 0.5 0.5
Japanese 1,015 410 605 1.2 1.0 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,005 1,600 2,400 1.0 0.8 1.1
South Asian, n.o.s.133 80 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 305 250 0.1 0.2 0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 210 105 105 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 590 260 330 0.1 0.1 0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.135 785 375 410 0.9 0.9 0.9 10 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.7 3,640 1,770 1,870 0.9 0.9 0.9
Muslim 45 20 20 0.1 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 340 170 170 0.1 0.1 0.1
Egyptian 140 80 60 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 215 175 0.1 0.1 0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 195 90 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 710 315 395 0.2 0.2 0.2
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 70 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 545 270 270 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,875 1,385 1,490 0.7 0.7 0.7
Colombian 185 80 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 720 330 390 0.2 0.2 0.2
Moroccan 120 50 75 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 115 130 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czech 520 250 270 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,960 940 1,015 0.5 0.5 0.5
Syrian 150 85 65 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 285 255 0.1 0.1 0.1
Guyanese 80 50 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 100 120 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afghan 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 70 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Black, n.o.s.137 95 55 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 200 190 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 295 150 150 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 740 375 365 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ojibway 215 90 120 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 610 285 325 0.2 0.1 0.2
Newfoundlander 140 90 50 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 320 240 0.1 0.2 0.1
Hong Konger 145 55 90 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 175 245 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ontarian 80 15 65 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 220 265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian 150 65 85 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 575 290 285 0.1 0.1 0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 165 75 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 195 230 0.1 0.1 0.1
Turkish 225 105 120 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 735 365 370 0.2 0.2 0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.138 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 90 125 0.1 0.0 0.1
Bangladeshi 55 35 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 95 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algerian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 55 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Brazilian 225 110 110 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 790 420 370 0.2 0.2 0.2
Nigerian 120 50 70 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 180 185 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 80 50 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 180 105 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovak 230 110 130 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 920 455 470 0.2 0.2 0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 350 130 220 0.4 0.3 0.5 40 25 15 6.1 8.5 4.1 1,250 540 710 0.3 0.3 0.3
Somali 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 90 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Taiwanese 135 65 80 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 710 295 410 0.2 0.1 0.2
Iraqi 60 20 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 80 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salvadorean 55 10 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 120 140 0.1 0.1 0.1
African Caribbean 55 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 55 115 0.0 0.0 0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 135 65 65 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 250 260 0.1 0.1 0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 65 40 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 130 115 0.1 0.1 0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 90 40 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 125 115 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquin 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 140 155 0.1 0.1 0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.143 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 75 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 340 195 145 0.4 0.5 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,120 630 485 0.3 0.3 0.2
South African 270 120 150 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,410 645 760 0.3 0.3 0.4
Australian 365 175 190 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,700 880 820 0.4 0.4 0.4
Palestinian 40 25 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 115 80 0.0 0.1 0.0
Chilean 155 55 95 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 480 215 265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Congolese 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 70 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nova Scotian 80 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 145 155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ethiopian 90 15 75 0.1 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 130 175 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 75 45 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 165 185 0.1 0.1 0.1
Peruvian 125 70 50 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 340 135 210 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 60 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cambodian (Khmer) 60 20 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 125 170 0.1 0.1 0.1
Berber 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albanian 95 50 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 125 140 0.1 0.1 0.1
Maltese 50 35 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 340 150 185 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 40 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovenian 100 35 70 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 445 190 250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Western European, n.o.s.145 285 145 145 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,265 615 645 0.3 0.3 0.3
New Brunswicker 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 70 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 45 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 85 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eritrean 55 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 105 105 0.1 0.1 0.1
African Canadian 70 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 100 75 0.0 0.1 0.0
Israeli 70 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 340 180 165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mohawk 75 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 105 140 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 90 30 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 195 310 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bulgarian 85 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 345 150 190 0.1 0.1 0.1
Albertan 75 25 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 405 170 235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ghanaian 65 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 75 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Barbadian 45 30 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
African American 70 25 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 190 145 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 90 50 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 475 220 250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tunisian 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.148 90 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 220 220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cuban 55 45 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 110 95 0.1 0.1 0.0
Bosnian 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 95 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuelan 100 35 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 60 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 175 80 95 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 320 305 0.2 0.2 0.1
Bengali 45 35 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroonian 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guatemalan 30 25 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 85 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 80 20 65 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 215 285 0.1 0.1 0.1
Laotian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 105 55 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 130 100 0.1 0.1 0.0
Northern Irish 145 60 85 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 300 315 0.2 0.2 0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.150 220 90 135 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 395 475 0.2 0.2 0.2
British Columbian 365 180 185 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,120 1,045 1,075 0.5 0.5 0.5
Ecuadorian 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 35 115 0.0 0.0 0.1
Franco Ontarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Argentinian 55 15 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 130 140 0.1 0.1 0.1
Estonian 150 60 95 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 195 360 0.1 0.1 0.2
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 45 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 25 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 100 90 0.0 0.1 0.0
Jatt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 30 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
North American, n.o.s.151 70 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 195 175 0.1 0.1 0.1
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 165 55 110 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 250 330 0.1 0.1 0.2
Dominican 65 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 60 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 45 15 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 115 100 0.1 0.1 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Byelorussian 60 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 105 110 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dene, n.o.s.152 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 25 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 65 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Abenaki 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldovan 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 60 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
New Zealander 200 80 125 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 975 435 540 0.2 0.2 0.3
Sudanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 45 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Breton 45 20 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch 50 15 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 80 120 0.0 0.0 0.1
Malaysian 95 35 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 125 155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Plains Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
North African, n.o.s.155 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Huron (Wendat) 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saskatchewanian 65 25 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 160 140 0.1 0.1 0.1
Buddhist 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gaspesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norman 35 30 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 90 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 45 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ivorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteaux 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 65 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 60 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrinya 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nicaraguan 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 30 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mauritian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kenyan 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 65 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vincentian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 60 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Manitoban 55 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 55 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cape Bretoner 30 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 25 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rwandan 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grenadian 40 25 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayali 40 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhalese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mayan 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Honduran 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cherokee 80 45 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 155 145 0.1 0.1 0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Caribbean 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Flemish 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 105 90 0.0 0.1 0.0
United Empire Loyalist 50 35 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Senegalese 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sicilian 50 20 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 70 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Goan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.158 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 40 25 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 75 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Zimbabwean 50 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 75 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 30 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azorean 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamileke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ugandan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 90 45 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 95 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tanzanian 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yemeni 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central African 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Libyan 60 40 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 70 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Basque 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 60 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uruguayan 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan, n.o.s.159 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igorot 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Woodland Cree 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guinean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
St. Lucian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Prince Edward Islander 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maliseet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Beninese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Roma 100 50 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 100 115 0.1 0.1 0.1
Costa Rican 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Nova Scotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Singaporean 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tajik 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amhara 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paraguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 87,890 41,810 46,085 100.0 100.0 100.0 660 295 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 406,080 196,725 209,345 100.0 100.0 100.0
Buddhist 1,220 510 710 1.4 1.2 1.5 20 0 10 3.0 0.0 2.7 4,395 1,860 2,540 1.1 0.9 1.2
Christian 24,930 10,775 14,155 28.4 25.8 30.7 150 50 95 22.7 16.9 25.7 131,645 58,255 73,390 32.4 29.6 35.1
Christian, n.o.s.162 4,410 1,970 2,435 5.0 4.7 5.3 25 10 15 3.8 3.4 4.1 25,790 11,845 13,940 6.4 6.0 6.7
Anabaptist 75 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 430 195 235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anglican 4,015 1,690 2,325 4.6 4.0 5.0 30 15 20 4.5 5.1 5.4 21,030 8,990 12,040 5.2 4.6 5.8
Baptist 730 365 365 0.8 0.9 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,730 2,125 2,605 1.2 1.1 1.2
Catholic 8,950 3,980 4,965 10.2 9.5 10.8 60 25 35 9.1 8.5 9.5 41,415 18,695 22,725 10.2 9.5 10.9
Christian Orthodox 430 185 250 0.5 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,310 1,090 1,225 0.6 0.6 0.6
Jehovah's Witness 310 120 190 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,595 635 960 0.4 0.3 0.5
Latter Day Saints 115 30 85 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,335 590 740 0.3 0.3 0.4
Lutheran 580 275 305 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,610 1,585 2,020 0.9 0.8 1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 115 50 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 810 365 440 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 520 200 320 0.6 0.5 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,935 1,310 1,620 0.7 0.7 0.8
Presbyterian 630 265 365 0.7 0.6 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,080 1,375 1,705 0.8 0.7 0.8
Reformed 45 10 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 255 260 0.1 0.1 0.1
United Church 2,475 910 1,565 2.8 2.2 3.4 25 0 20 3.8 0.0 5.4 14,120 5,530 8,590 3.5 2.8 4.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 1,530 685 850 1.7 1.6 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,940 3,655 4,285 2.0 1.9 2.0
Hindu 670 380 290 0.8 0.9 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,120 1,690 1,430 0.8 0.9 0.7
Jewish 960 445 520 1.1 1.1 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,920 1,395 1,525 0.7 0.7 0.7
Muslim 1,690 915 775 1.9 2.2 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,985 2,630 2,360 1.2 1.3 1.1
Sikh 420 200 215 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,165 2,545 2,620 1.3 1.3 1.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 255 85 170 0.3 0.2 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 780 330 445 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions 1,990 840 1,155 2.3 2.0 2.5 10 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.7 6,380 2,535 3,845 1.6 1.3 1.8
No religion and secular perspectives 55,750 27,660 28,090 63.4 66.2 61.0 460 215 245 69.7 72.9 66.2 246,680 125,490 121,185 60.7 63.8 57.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 87,305 41,490 45,815 100.0 100.0 100.0 665 290 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 403,310 195,195 208,115 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 69,985 33,395 36,590 80.2 80.5 79.9 565 250 320 85.0 86.2 86.5 341,140 165,185 175,955 84.6 84.6 84.5
Movers 17,315 8,095 9,225 19.8 19.5 20.1 90 40 45 13.5 13.8 12.2 62,170 30,010 32,160 15.4 15.4 15.5
Non-migrants 10,740 5,085 5,655 12.3 12.3 12.3 45 30 20 6.8 10.3 5.4 37,435 18,235 19,200 9.3 9.3 9.2
Migrants 6,580 3,010 3,570 7.5 7.3 7.8 50 15 30 7.5 5.2 8.1 24,735 11,770 12,960 6.1 6.0 6.2
Internal migrants 5,510 2,600 2,910 6.3 6.3 6.4 50 15 30 7.5 5.2 8.1 20,970 10,080 10,890 5.2 5.2 5.2
Intraprovincial migrants 3,120 1,485 1,635 3.6 3.6 3.6 35 10 20 5.3 3.4 5.4 13,515 6,410 7,100 3.4 3.3 3.4
Interprovincial migrants 2,390 1,115 1,280 2.7 2.7 2.8 15 0 10 2.3 0.0 2.7 7,460 3,670 3,790 1.8 1.9 1.8
External migrants 1,070 415 660 1.2 1.0 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,765 1,695 2,070 0.9 0.9 1.0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 85,000 40,280 44,715 100.0 100.0 100.0 625 280 350 100.0 100.0 100.0 390,450 188,745 201,700 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 39,975 18,945 21,030 47.0 47.0 47.0 385 160 220 61.6 57.1 62.9 214,590 103,360 111,225 55.0 54.8 55.1
Movers 45,025 21,335 23,690 53.0 53.0 53.0 245 115 125 39.2 41.1 35.7 175,860 85,385 90,475 45.0 45.2 44.9
Non-migrants 13,785 6,670 7,115 16.2 16.6 15.9 70 30 40 11.2 10.7 11.4 47,425 23,545 23,880 12.1 12.5 11.8
Migrants 31,235 14,660 16,575 36.7 36.4 37.1 175 85 90 28.0 30.4 25.7 128,430 61,840 66,600 32.9 32.8 33.0
Internal migrants 26,085 12,200 13,885 30.7 30.3 31.1 150 65 85 24.0 23.2 24.3 111,900 53,810 58,090 28.7 28.5 28.8
Intraprovincial migrants 18,105 8,395 9,715 21.3 20.8 21.7 125 55 70 20.0 19.6 20.0 84,515 40,425 44,085 21.6 21.4 21.9
Interprovincial migrants 7,980 3,805 4,175 9.4 9.4 9.3 25 15 15 4.0 5.4 4.3 27,380 13,380 14,000 7.0 7.1 6.9
External migrants 5,150 2,470 2,685 6.1 6.1 6.0 20 20 0 3.2 7.1 0.0 16,535 8,025 8,510 4.2 4.3 4.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 79,470 37,590 41,875 100.0 100.0 100.0 555 255 300 100.0 100.0 100.0 353,790 170,050 183,740 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 7,670 4,195 3,470 9.7 11.2 8.3 40 30 10 7.2 11.8 3.3 42,330 22,970 19,365 12.0 13.5 10.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 71,800 33,395 38,405 90.3 88.8 91.7 510 225 285 91.9 88.2 95.0 311,455 147,085 164,375 88.0 86.5 89.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 51,995 25,350 26,655 100.0 100.0 100.0 370 165 205 100.0 100.0 100.0 217,250 105,440 111,810 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 3,530 2,145 1,385 6.8 8.5 5.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,730 10,020 6,710 7.7 9.5 6.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 48,465 23,200 25,270 93.2 91.5 94.8 365 160 205 98.6 97.0 100.0 200,520 95,420 105,100 92.3 90.5 94.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 79,470 37,595 41,880 100.0 100.0 100.0 555 255 300 100.0 100.0 100.0 353,785 170,050 183,740 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 6,500 3,540 2,960 8.2 9.4 7.1 35 25 15 6.3 9.8 5.0 36,285 19,220 17,065 10.3 11.3 9.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 19,035 9,710 9,325 24.0 25.8 22.3 135 60 80 24.3 23.5 26.7 98,055 48,075 49,980 27.7 28.3 27.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 53,935 24,345 29,595 67.9 64.8 70.7 380 175 210 68.5 68.6 70.0 219,445 102,750 116,695 62.0 60.4 63.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 20,075 9,180 10,890 25.3 24.4 26.0 95 45 45 17.1 17.6 15.0 99,955 48,885 51,070 28.3 28.7 27.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 4,320 2,885 1,440 5.4 7.7 3.4 20 10 15 3.6 3.9 5.0 25,265 18,825 6,440 7.1 11.1 3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 2,065 1,080 995 2.6 2.9 2.4 20 0 15 3.6 0.0 5.0 10,065 5,675 4,390 2.8 3.3 2.4
Apprenticeship certificate169 2,255 1,805 445 2.8 4.8 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,205 13,155 2,050 4.3 7.7 1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 13,235 5,345 7,890 16.7 14.2 18.8 60 30 25 10.8 11.8 8.3 63,520 25,760 37,760 18.0 15.1 20.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 2,515 955 1,565 3.2 2.5 3.7 15 0 10 2.7 0.0 3.3 11,170 4,300 6,865 3.2 2.5 3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher 33,860 15,160 18,700 42.6 40.3 44.7 290 125 165 52.3 49.0 55.0 119,490 53,865 65,625 33.8 31.7 35.7
Bachelor's degree 20,635 9,190 11,445 26.0 24.4 27.3 165 70 95 29.7 27.5 31.7 72,570 31,955 40,620 20.5 18.8 22.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 2,030 855 1,175 2.6 2.3 2.8 20 10 10 3.6 3.9 3.3 7,505 3,130 4,375 2.1 1.8 2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 750 420 330 0.9 1.1 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,245 1,875 1,375 0.9 1.1 0.7
Master's degree 8,625 3,640 4,985 10.9 9.7 11.9 80 30 50 14.4 11.8 16.7 29,390 12,720 16,675 8.3 7.5 9.1
Earned doctorate171 1,830 1,060 765 2.3 2.8 1.8 20 15 0 3.6 5.9 0.0 6,780 4,200 2,585 1.9 2.5 1.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 52,000 25,345 26,650 100.0 100.0 100.0 375 165 205 100.0 100.0 100.0 217,250 105,435 111,815 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 2,835 1,760 1,075 5.5 6.9 4.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,360 7,965 5,395 6.1 7.6 4.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 10,465 6,055 4,410 20.1 23.9 16.5 50 20 30 13.3 12.1 14.6 52,065 27,760 24,310 24.0 26.3 21.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 38,695 17,540 21,160 74.4 69.2 79.4 320 140 180 85.3 84.8 87.8 151,820 69,710 82,105 69.9 66.1 73.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 13,675 6,610 7,065 26.3 26.1 26.5 75 40 40 20.0 24.2 19.5 67,260 33,580 33,680 31.0 31.8 30.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 2,910 2,010 900 5.6 7.9 3.4 15 0 10 4.0 0.0 4.9 16,755 12,635 4,115 7.7 12.0 3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 1,345 735 610 2.6 2.9 2.3 10 0 10 2.7 0.0 4.9 6,485 3,720 2,765 3.0 3.5 2.5
Apprenticeship certificate169 1,565 1,275 290 3.0 5.0 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,265 8,920 1,350 4.7 8.5 1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 9,055 3,880 5,170 17.4 15.3 19.4 50 25 20 13.3 15.2 9.8 43,280 17,960 25,315 19.9 17.0 22.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 1,715 715 995 3.3 2.8 3.7 15 0 10 4.0 0.0 4.9 7,225 2,985 4,245 3.3 2.8 3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher 25,025 10,930 14,100 48.1 43.1 52.9 245 105 135 65.3 63.6 65.9 84,555 36,130 48,430 38.9 34.3 43.3
Bachelor's degree 15,545 6,975 8,575 29.9 27.5 32.2 155 70 85 41.3 42.4 41.5 52,745 22,675 30,070 24.3 21.5 26.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 1,445 595 845 2.8 2.3 3.2 15 10 0 4.0 6.1 0.0 4,995 1,945 3,045 2.3 1.8 2.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 525 280 245 1.0 1.1 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,160 1,055 1,100 1.0 1.0 1.0
Master's degree 6,455 2,540 3,920 12.4 10.0 14.7 55 20 35 14.7 12.1 17.1 20,935 8,415 12,520 9.6 8.0 11.2
Earned doctorate171 1,055 540 515 2.0 2.1 1.9 15 10 10 4.0 6.1 4.9 3,725 2,030 1,690 1.7 1.9 1.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 79,470 37,595 41,875 100.0 100.0 100.0 555 255 300 100.0 100.0 100.0 353,785 170,045 183,735 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 25,535 13,250 12,285 32.1 35.2 29.3 170 85 90 30.6 33.3 30.0 134,340 67,295 67,045 38.0 39.6 36.5
Education 3,395 960 2,440 4.3 2.6 5.8 40 0 35 7.2 0.0 11.7 15,860 4,285 11,575 4.5 2.5 6.3
13. Education 3,395 960 2,440 4.3 2.6 5.8 40 0 35 7.2 0.0 11.7 15,860 4,285 11,575 4.5 2.5 6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 3,235 1,400 1,830 4.1 3.7 4.4 35 10 25 6.3 3.9 8.3 9,855 3,950 5,905 2.8 2.3 3.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 205 170 30 0.3 0.5 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 495 200 0.2 0.3 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 3,030 1,230 1,800 3.8 3.3 4.3 35 10 25 6.3 3.9 8.3 9,160 3,455 5,705 2.6 2.0 3.1
Humanities 4,750 2,005 2,745 6.0 5.3 6.6 20 10 15 3.6 3.9 5.0 14,795 5,780 9,015 4.2 3.4 4.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 550 115 435 0.7 0.3 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,750 315 1,430 0.5 0.2 0.8
23. English language and literature/letters 1,580 590 990 2.0 1.6 2.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,410 1,365 3,040 1.2 0.8 1.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 825 365 460 1.0 1.0 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,160 1,255 1,905 0.9 0.7 1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 205 70 130 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 600 200 400 0.2 0.1 0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies 355 220 135 0.4 0.6 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000 655 345 0.3 0.4 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 245 155 90 0.3 0.4 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 950 580 370 0.3 0.3 0.2
54. History 830 450 385 1.0 1.2 0.9 15 0 10 2.7 0.0 3.3 2,425 1,325 1,100 0.7 0.8 0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 155 40 115 0.2 0.1 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 80 420 0.1 0.0 0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law 10,400 3,870 6,530 13.1 10.3 15.6 85 60 30 15.3 23.5 10.0 33,145 12,330 20,815 9.4 7.3 11.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 340 90 245 0.4 0.2 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 810 260 550 0.2 0.2 0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 1,190 455 730 1.5 1.2 1.7 15 15 0 2.7 5.9 0.0 3,175 1,150 2,025 0.9 0.7 1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 885 80 810 1.1 0.2 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,830 295 3,540 1.1 0.2 1.9
22. Legal professions and studies 1,260 495 770 1.6 1.3 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,600 1,775 2,825 1.3 1.0 1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 315 125 185 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 995 365 630 0.3 0.2 0.3
42. Psychology 2,055 615 1,435 2.6 1.6 3.4 20 0 15 3.6 0.0 5.0 6,425 1,865 4,560 1.8 1.1 2.5
45. Social sciences 4,365 2,005 2,360 5.5 5.3 5.6 55 40 15 9.9 15.7 5.0 13,300 6,615 6,690 3.8 3.9 3.6
Business, management and public administration 9,320 3,945 5,380 11.7 10.5 12.8 35 25 10 6.3 9.8 3.3 39,400 15,795 23,605 11.1 9.3 12.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 1,305 335 970 1.6 0.9 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,385 1,160 3,225 1.2 0.7 1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 8,010 3,610 4,405 10.1 9.6 10.5 35 20 10 6.3 7.8 3.3 34,960 14,615 20,345 9.9 8.6 11.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies 2,725 1,415 1,305 3.4 3.8 3.1 30 15 20 5.4 5.9 6.7 11,310 6,055 5,255 3.2 3.6 2.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 1,315 530 785 1.7 1.4 1.9 20 10 15 3.6 3.9 5.0 5,275 2,370 2,910 1.5 1.4 1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 430 195 235 0.5 0.5 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,920 875 1,055 0.5 0.5 0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 80 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 125 160 0.1 0.1 0.1
40. Physical sciences 855 650 210 1.1 1.7 0.5 10 0 0 1.8 0.0 0.0 3,545 2,600 945 1.0 1.5 0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians 40 0 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 90 185 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 2,500 1,760 740 3.1 4.7 1.8 20 15 10 3.6 5.9 3.3 9,335 6,390 2,945 2.6 3.8 1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 1,855 1,450 410 2.3 3.9 1.0 15 10 0 2.7 3.9 0.0 6,955 5,160 1,795 2.0 3.0 1.0
25. Library science 260 45 210 0.3 0.1 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 150 650 0.2 0.1 0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics 315 210 105 0.4 0.6 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,320 880 435 0.4 0.5 0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 70 55 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 200 60 0.1 0.1 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 6,325 5,415 905 8.0 14.4 2.2 45 30 15 8.1 11.8 5.0 35,010 31,590 3,420 9.9 18.6 1.9
04. Architecture and related services 530 300 225 0.7 0.8 0.5 10 0 10 1.8 0.0 3.3 1,715 1,080 635 0.5 0.6 0.3
14. Engineering 1,990 1,610 375 2.5 4.3 0.9 15 10 0 2.7 3.9 0.0 7,980 6,720 1,265 2.3 4.0 0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 1,275 1,160 115 1.6 3.1 0.3 10 0 0 1.8 0.0 0.0 7,705 6,880 825 2.2 4.0 0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 1,365 1,265 100 1.7 3.4 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,180 8,895 290 2.6 5.2 0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 650 615 35 0.8 1.6 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,035 4,815 220 1.4 2.8 0.1
48. Precision production 510 470 45 0.6 1.3 0.1 10 10 0 1.8 3.9 0.0 3,375 3,210 165 1.0 1.9 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 1,105 570 535 1.4 1.5 1.3 15 0 15 2.7 0.0 5.0 5,495 2,965 2,525 1.6 1.7 1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 465 215 255 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,930 1,380 1,555 0.8 0.8 0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation 640 360 285 0.8 1.0 0.7 10 0 10 1.8 0.0 3.3 2,560 1,585 975 0.7 0.9 0.5
Health and related fields 7,845 1,880 5,960 9.9 5.0 14.2 35 0 30 6.3 0.0 10.0 34,160 7,605 26,550 9.7 4.5 14.5
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 615 270 340 0.8 0.7 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,590 1,245 1,340 0.7 0.7 0.7
51. Health professions and related programs178 6,975 1,485 5,495 8.8 3.9 13.1 35 0 25 6.3 0.0 8.3 30,440 5,725 24,715 8.6 3.4 13.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 255 125 120 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,085 625 460 0.3 0.4 0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services 2,290 1,105 1,185 2.9 2.9 2.8 10 0 10 1.8 0.0 3.3 10,965 5,960 5,005 3.1 3.5 2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 1,610 590 1,015 2.0 1.6 2.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,435 2,305 4,130 1.8 1.4 2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 205 30 0.1 0.1 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 45 35 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 265 30 0.1 0.2 0.0
43. Security and protective services 310 170 140 0.4 0.5 0.3 10 0 0 1.8 0.0 0.0 1,955 1,315 645 0.6 0.8 0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving 315 290 25 0.4 0.8 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,050 1,870 180 0.6 1.1 0.1
Other179 55 20 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 40 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 51,995 25,345 26,655 100.0 100.0 100.0 370 165 205 100.0 100.0 100.0 217,250 105,435 111,810 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 13,305 7,815 5,490 25.6 30.8 20.6 50 20 25 13.5 12.1 12.2 65,430 35,725 29,705 30.1 33.9 26.6
Education 1,845 525 1,325 3.5 2.1 5.0 30 0 30 8.1 0.0 14.6 8,520 2,175 6,345 3.9 2.1 5.7
13. Education 1,845 525 1,325 3.5 2.1 5.0 30 0 30 8.1 0.0 14.6 8,520 2,175 6,345 3.9 2.1 5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 2,395 1,020 1,370 4.6 4.0 5.1 35 10 25 9.5 6.1 12.2 7,000 2,750 4,250 3.2 2.6 3.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 130 105 25 0.3 0.4 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 445 295 150 0.2 0.3 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 2,260 920 1,345 4.3 3.6 5.0 35 10 25 9.5 6.1 12.2 6,560 2,455 4,105 3.0 2.3 3.7
Humanities 3,265 1,325 1,945 6.3 5.2 7.3 20 10 10 5.4 6.1 4.9 9,610 3,660 5,955 4.4 3.5 5.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 355 60 290 0.7 0.2 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,135 175 960 0.5 0.2 0.9
23. English language and literature/letters 1,080 390 690 2.1 1.5 2.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,835 835 2,005 1.3 0.8 1.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 620 235 385 1.2 0.9 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,240 870 1,365 1.0 0.8 1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 150 55 95 0.3 0.2 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 140 220 0.2 0.1 0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies 265 155 110 0.5 0.6 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 725 495 230 0.3 0.5 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 105 65 45 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 275 180 0.2 0.3 0.2
54. History 595 320 280 1.1 1.3 1.1 10 0 10 2.7 0.0 4.9 1,580 810 765 0.7 0.8 0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 95 35 60 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 50 235 0.1 0.0 0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law 7,800 2,850 4,950 15.0 11.2 18.6 75 55 20 20.3 33.3 9.8 24,180 8,290 15,885 11.1 7.9 14.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 275 65 205 0.5 0.3 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 665 215 450 0.3 0.2 0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 985 355 625 1.9 1.4 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,625 880 1,750 1.2 0.8 1.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 665 60 605 1.3 0.2 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,850 235 2,615 1.3 0.2 2.3
22. Legal professions and studies 915 310 600 1.8 1.2 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,330 1,050 2,280 1.5 1.0 2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 255 100 155 0.5 0.4 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 260 500 0.3 0.2 0.4
42. Psychology 1,410 425 980 2.7 1.7 3.7 15 0 10 4.1 0.0 4.9 4,225 1,075 3,145 1.9 1.0 2.8
45. Social sciences 3,305 1,535 1,770 6.4 6.1 6.6 50 40 15 13.5 24.2 7.3 9,735 4,580 5,150 4.5 4.3 4.6
Business, management and public administration 6,695 2,800 3,895 12.9 11.0 14.6 30 20 15 8.1 12.1 7.3 28,185 11,015 17,175 13.0 10.4 15.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 965 245 715 1.9 1.0 2.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,970 750 2,220 1.4 0.7 2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 5,735 2,550 3,175 11.0 10.1 11.9 25 15 15 6.8 9.1 7.3 25,190 10,255 14,940 11.6 9.7 13.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies 1,995 990 1,010 3.8 3.9 3.8 25 10 20 6.8 6.1 9.8 7,520 3,630 3,890 3.5 3.4 3.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 1,025 400 620 2.0 1.6 2.3 15 0 15 4.1 0.0 7.3 3,665 1,500 2,160 1.7 1.4 1.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 310 145 160 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,305 545 760 0.6 0.5 0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 70 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 85 125 0.1 0.1 0.1
40. Physical sciences 580 410 170 1.1 1.6 0.6 10 0 0 2.7 0.0 0.0 2,190 1,455 735 1.0 1.4 0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 40 105 0.1 0.0 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 2,015 1,495 515 3.9 5.9 1.9 20 15 0 5.4 9.1 0.0 7,150 5,145 1,995 3.3 4.9 1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 1,635 1,300 330 3.1 5.1 1.2 15 10 0 4.1 6.1 0.0 5,865 4,440 1,430 2.7 4.2 1.3
25. Library science 140 30 105 0.3 0.1 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 75 285 0.2 0.1 0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics 200 125 75 0.4 0.5 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 510 255 0.4 0.5 0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 40 40 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 125 30 0.1 0.1 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 4,570 3,805 760 8.8 15.0 2.9 30 20 15 8.1 12.1 7.3 23,930 21,225 2,710 11.0 20.1 2.4
04. Architecture and related services 415 210 205 0.8 0.8 0.8 10 0 10 2.7 0.0 4.9 1,160 635 525 0.5 0.6 0.5
14. Engineering 1,530 1,195 335 2.9 4.7 1.3 15 10 0 4.1 6.1 0.0 5,790 4,730 1,060 2.7 4.5 0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 815 740 75 1.6 2.9 0.3 10 0 0 2.7 0.0 0.0 4,925 4,335 590 2.3 4.1 0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 1,020 935 90 2.0 3.7 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,560 6,320 245 3.0 6.0 0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 450 425 25 0.9 1.7 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,325 3,170 155 1.5 3.0 0.1
48. Precision production 335 300 35 0.6 1.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,150 2,030 120 1.0 1.9 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 895 435 460 1.7 1.7 1.7 10 0 10 2.7 0.0 4.9 4,070 1,970 2,100 1.9 1.9 1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 345 145 200 0.7 0.6 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,205 955 1,255 1.0 0.9 1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation 550 285 265 1.1 1.1 1.0 10 0 10 2.7 0.0 4.9 1,860 1,015 845 0.9 1.0 0.8
Health and related fields 5,500 1,430 4,070 10.6 5.6 15.3 30 0 30 8.1 0.0 14.6 23,490 5,470 18,020 10.8 5.2 16.1
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 450 200 250 0.9 0.8 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,960 925 1,040 0.9 0.9 0.9
51. Health professions and related programs178 4,890 1,160 3,730 9.4 4.6 14.0 20 0 20 5.4 0.0 9.8 20,840 4,200 16,635 9.6 4.0 14.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 150 70 80 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 665 340 330 0.3 0.3 0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services 1,685 840 840 3.2 3.3 3.2 10 0 0 2.7 0.0 0.0 8,075 4,355 3,715 3.7 4.1 3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 1,175 485 700 2.3 1.9 2.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,770 1,770 3,000 2.2 1.7 2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 135 20 0.1 0.1 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 30 30 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 150 15 0.1 0.1 0.0
43. Security and protective services 255 130 125 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,570 1,045 525 0.7 1.0 0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving 215 195 20 0.4 0.8 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,400 1,250 150 0.6 1.2 0.1
Other179 45 15 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 30 60 0.0 0.0 0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 51,995 25,345 26,655 100.0 100.0 100.0 370 165 205 100.0 100.0 100.0 217,250 105,435 111,810 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 13,305 7,815 5,490 25.6 30.8 20.6 50 20 25 13.5 12.1 12.2 65,430 35,725 29,705 30.1 33.9 26.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 38,695 17,535 21,160 74.4 69.2 79.4 320 145 175 86.5 87.9 85.4 151,820 69,710 82,110 69.9 66.1 73.4
Location of study inside Canada 31,795 14,485 17,315 61.2 57.2 65.0 225 90 140 60.8 54.5 68.3 126,360 58,410 67,950 58.2 55.4 60.8
Same as province or territory of residence 22,345 9,935 12,410 43.0 39.2 46.6 160 55 105 43.2 33.3 51.2 92,470 42,020 50,450 42.6 39.9 45.1
Different than province or territory of residence 9,450 4,545 4,910 18.2 17.9 18.4 65 30 35 17.6 18.2 17.1 33,895 16,390 17,500 15.6 15.5 15.7
Location of study outside Canada182 6,900 3,055 3,845 13.3 12.1 14.4 95 55 40 25.7 33.3 19.5 25,460 11,300 14,160 11.7 10.7 12.7
Americas 1,975 820 1,150 3.8 3.2 4.3 40 20 25 10.8 12.1 12.2 6,785 3,095 3,685 3.1 2.9 3.3
United States of America 1,390 565 830 2.7 2.2 3.1 40 10 25 10.8 6.1 12.2 5,060 2,325 2,735 2.3 2.2 2.4
Mexico 145 60 85 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 210 280 0.2 0.2 0.3
Cuba 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Brazil 155 60 90 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 190 225 0.2 0.2 0.2
Colombia 55 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 100 115 0.1 0.1 0.1
Peru 55 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 50 75 0.1 0.0 0.1
Venezuela95 35 10 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Americas 125 60 70 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 380 165 215 0.2 0.2 0.2
Europe 1,925 975 945 3.7 3.8 3.5 45 30 10 12.2 18.2 4.9 6,795 3,285 3,515 3.1 3.1 3.1
Belgium 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
France 110 50 55 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 155 205 0.2 0.1 0.2
Germany 110 35 75 0.2 0.1 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 515 220 295 0.2 0.2 0.3
Netherlands 65 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 110 140 0.1 0.1 0.1
Switzerland 40 10 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 60 90 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hungary 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldova183 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poland 35 10 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 55 80 0.1 0.1 0.1
Romania 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 70 60 0.1 0.1 0.1
Russian Federation 95 40 55 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 100 180 0.1 0.1 0.2
Ukraine 55 40 20 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 120 140 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ireland96 80 35 45 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 105 100 0.1 0.1 0.1
United Kingdom87 975 530 445 1.9 2.1 1.7 35 30 10 9.5 18.2 4.9 3,455 1,735 1,715 1.6 1.6 1.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 60 35 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 80 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbia86 35 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Europe 215 120 90 0.4 0.5 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 710 375 335 0.3 0.4 0.3
Africa 255 135 120 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 955 485 475 0.4 0.5 0.4
Nigeria 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 30 10 15 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisia 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 20 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 80 45 40 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 435 215 215 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other locations of study in Africa 110 55 55 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 145 150 0.1 0.1 0.1
Asia 2,365 905 1,460 4.5 3.6 5.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,745 3,780 5,965 4.5 3.6 5.3
Iran88 100 40 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 340 140 200 0.2 0.1 0.2
Iraq 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israel 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lebanon 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syria89 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkey 50 35 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 80 55 0.1 0.1 0.0
China90 215 70 140 0.4 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,650 655 995 0.8 0.6 0.9
Taiwan 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 60 130 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hong Kong91 45 15 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 35 75 0.1 0.0 0.1
Japan 195 35 160 0.4 0.1 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 630 125 505 0.3 0.1 0.5
Korea, South92 200 75 120 0.4 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 710 275 435 0.3 0.3 0.4
Philippines 870 310 565 1.7 1.2 2.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,975 1,025 1,955 1.4 1.0 1.7
Viet Nam 30 0 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 45 110 0.1 0.0 0.1
Bangladesh 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 380 205 175 0.7 0.8 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,910 975 940 0.9 0.9 0.8
Pakistan 45 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 55 65 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other locations of study in Asia 135 50 90 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 175 335 0.2 0.2 0.3
Oceania 390 210 175 0.8 0.8 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,175 655 520 0.5 0.6 0.5
Australia 325 185 140 0.6 0.7 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 925 505 425 0.4 0.5 0.4
New Zealand 60 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 150 90 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 79,470 37,595 41,880 ... ... ... 555 255 300 ... ... ... 353,785 170,050 183,740 ... ... ...
In the labour force 53,400 26,515 26,885 ... ... ... 385 180 205 ... ... ... 223,285 113,225 110,060 ... ... ...
Employed 49,070 24,285 24,785 ... ... ... 345 170 170 ... ... ... 208,015 105,420 102,595 ... ... ...
Unemployed 4,330 2,230 2,100 ... ... ... 40 15 30 ... ... ... 15,265 7,805 7,465 ... ... ...
Not in the labour force 26,075 11,080 14,995 ... ... ... 175 70 95 ... ... ... 130,500 56,825 73,675 ... ... ...
Participation rate 67.2 70.5 64.2 67.2 70.5 64.2 69.4 70.6 68.3 69.4 70.6 68.3 63.1 66.6 59.9 63.1 66.6 59.9
Employment rate 61.7 64.6 59.2 61.7 64.6 59.2 62.2 66.7 56.7 62.2 66.7 56.7 58.8 62.0 55.8 58.8 62.0 55.8
Unemployment rate 8.1 8.4 7.8 8.1 8.4 7.8 10.4 8.3 14.6 10.4 8.3 14.6 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 79,470 37,595 41,875 100.0 100.0 100.0 555 255 300 100.0 100.0 100.0 353,785 170,045 183,740 100.0 100.0 100.0
Did not work186 26,000 11,115 14,885 32.7 29.6 35.5 165 70 95 29.7 27.5 31.7 128,435 56,180 72,260 36.3 33.0 39.3
Worked 53,470 26,480 26,995 67.3 70.4 64.5 390 190 200 70.3 74.5 66.7 225,350 113,870 111,480 63.7 67.0 60.7
Worked full year full time187 27,030 14,315 12,715 34.0 38.1 30.4 175 95 80 31.5 37.3 26.7 117,510 64,785 52,725 33.2 38.1 28.7
Worked part year and/or part time188 26,445 12,165 14,280 33.3 32.4 34.1 215 90 120 38.7 35.3 40.0 107,840 49,085 58,760 30.5 28.9 32.0
Average weeks worked in reference year 41.2 41.7 40.7 41.2 41.7 40.7 41.1 45.2 37.2 41.1 45.2 37.2 41.6 42.3 40.8 41.6 42.3 40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 53,400 26,515 26,880 100.0 100.0 100.0 385 180 200 100.0 100.0 100.0 223,285 113,225 110,060 100.0 100.0 100.0
Class of worker - not applicable190 870 440 425 1.6 1.7 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,340 1,680 1,665 1.5 1.5 1.5
All classes of workers191 52,535 26,080 26,455 98.4 98.4 98.4 375 175 200 97.4 97.2 100.0 219,940 111,550 108,390 98.5 98.5 98.5
Employee 44,135 21,495 22,640 82.6 81.1 84.2 300 145 155 77.9 80.6 77.5 180,495 88,875 91,620 80.8 78.5 83.2
Permanent position 36,595 18,060 18,535 68.5 68.1 69.0 215 105 105 55.8 58.3 52.5 152,015 75,885 76,130 68.1 67.0 69.2
Temporary position 7,545 3,435 4,110 14.1 13.0 15.3 85 40 45 22.1 22.2 22.5 28,480 12,990 15,490 12.8 11.5 14.1
Fixed term (1 year or more) 2,595 1,160 1,430 4.9 4.4 5.3 30 15 15 7.8 8.3 7.5 9,175 4,310 4,860 4.1 3.8 4.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 4,950 2,280 2,675 9.3 8.6 10.0 55 20 30 14.3 11.1 15.0 19,310 8,680 10,630 8.6 7.7 9.7
Self-employed192 8,390 4,580 3,815 15.7 17.3 14.2 80 35 45 20.8 19.4 22.5 39,450 22,675 16,775 17.7 20.0 15.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 53,400 26,515 26,880 100.0 100.0 100.0 385 180 200 100.0 100.0 100.0 223,285 113,225 110,060 100.0 100.0 100.0
Occupation - not applicable190 870 440 425 1.6 1.7 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,340 1,680 1,665 1.5 1.5 1.5
All occupations191 52,535 26,080 26,455 98.4 98.4 98.4 375 175 200 97.4 97.2 100.0 219,940 111,550 108,390 98.5 98.5 98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 760 450 315 1.4 1.7 1.2 10 10 0 2.6 5.6 0.0 3,250 1,945 1,305 1.5 1.7 1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 9,385 3,250 6,135 17.6 12.3 22.8 95 40 55 24.7 22.2 27.5 38,290 11,695 26,595 17.1 10.3 24.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 5,270 3,890 1,380 9.9 14.7 5.1 40 20 20 10.4 11.1 10.0 19,765 14,930 4,835 8.9 13.2 4.4
3 Health occupations 4,965 1,180 3,785 9.3 4.5 14.1 45 15 30 11.7 8.3 15.0 19,765 4,635 15,130 8.9 4.1 13.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 8,850 3,450 5,400 16.6 13.0 20.1 90 50 40 23.4 27.8 20.0 33,565 13,035 20,530 15.0 11.5 18.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 2,915 1,315 1,600 5.5 5.0 6.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,535 4,070 5,465 4.3 3.6 5.0
6 Sales and service occupations 13,395 6,640 6,760 25.1 25.0 25.1 70 30 45 18.2 16.7 22.5 55,035 25,755 29,280 24.6 22.7 26.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 5,485 4,800 685 10.3 18.1 2.5 15 15 0 3.9 8.3 0.0 32,245 29,135 3,110 14.4 25.7 2.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 755 535 220 1.4 2.0 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,825 3,485 1,340 2.2 3.1 1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 745 565 185 1.4 2.1 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,665 2,855 810 1.6 2.5 0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 53,400 26,515 26,880 100.0 100.0 100.0 385 180 200 100.0 100.0 100.0 223,285 113,225 110,060 100.0 100.0 100.0
Industry - not applicable190 870 440 425 1.6 1.7 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,340 1,680 1,665 1.5 1.5 1.5
All industries191 52,535 26,080 26,455 98.4 98.4 98.4 375 175 200 97.4 97.2 100.0 219,940 111,550 108,390 98.5 98.5 98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 330 210 115 0.6 0.8 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,720 1,595 1,120 1.2 1.4 1.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 130 100 30 0.2 0.4 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 445 350 95 0.2 0.3 0.1
22 Utilities 80 65 15 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 575 120 0.3 0.5 0.1
23 Construction 2,955 2,630 325 5.5 9.9 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,700 15,565 2,135 7.9 13.7 1.9
31-33 Manufacturing 1,530 1,085 445 2.9 4.1 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,655 5,605 2,050 3.4 5.0 1.9
41 Wholesale trade 640 445 195 1.2 1.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,390 2,350 1,045 1.5 2.1 0.9
44-45 Retail trade 5,385 2,645 2,745 10.1 10.0 10.2 65 20 45 16.9 11.1 22.5 24,850 12,225 12,625 11.1 10.8 11.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 1,435 1,095 345 2.7 4.1 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,745 5,805 1,945 3.5 5.1 1.8
51 Information and cultural industries 1,325 750 570 2.5 2.8 2.1 15 10 0 3.9 5.6 0.0 3,930 2,315 1,615 1.8 2.0 1.5
52 Finance and insurance 1,305 655 650 2.4 2.5 2.4 20 10 10 5.2 5.6 5.0 5,990 2,550 3,445 2.7 2.3 3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 1,135 630 505 2.1 2.4 1.9 10 10 0 2.6 5.6 0.0 4,460 2,360 2,100 2.0 2.1 1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 6,170 3,520 2,650 11.6 13.3 9.9 70 30 40 18.2 16.7 20.0 21,450 12,195 9,265 9.6 10.8 8.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises 90 55 35 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 165 130 0.1 0.1 0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 2,470 1,440 1,025 4.6 5.4 3.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,170 6,170 4,005 4.6 5.4 3.6
61 Educational services 4,450 1,695 2,755 8.3 6.4 10.2 40 15 20 10.4 8.3 10.0 17,865 6,340 11,525 8.0 5.6 10.5
62 Health care and social assistance 7,855 1,940 5,910 14.7 7.3 22.0 55 20 35 14.3 11.1 17.5 31,405 7,175 24,225 14.1 6.3 22.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 1,550 800 750 2.9 3.0 2.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,845 2,835 3,015 2.6 2.5 2.7
72 Accommodation and food services 4,690 2,315 2,375 8.8 8.7 8.8 25 15 10 6.5 8.3 5.0 15,895 7,460 8,430 7.1 6.6 7.7
81 Other services (except public administration) 2,090 780 1,315 3.9 2.9 4.9 15 0 0 3.9 0.0 0.0 8,860 3,620 5,240 4.0 3.2 4.8
91 Public administration 6,915 3,225 3,690 12.9 12.2 13.7 45 35 10 11.7 19.4 5.0 28,565 14,305 14,265 12.8 12.6 13.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 56,845 28,085 28,760 100.0 100.0 100.0 405 195 210 100.0 100.0 100.0 241,365 121,725 119,640 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 54,690 27,115 27,580 96.2 96.5 95.9 390 195 195 96.3 100.0 92.9 233,305 118,045 115,260 96.7 97.0 96.3
French 100 35 70 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 80 270 0.1 0.1 0.2
Non-official language 110 45 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 830 465 365 0.3 0.4 0.3
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 110 45 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 465 355 0.3 0.4 0.3
English and French 795 360 435 1.4 1.3 1.5 10 0 10 2.5 0.0 4.8 2,725 1,290 1,440 1.1 1.1 1.2
English and non-official language(s) 1,070 490 580 1.9 1.7 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,870 1,700 2,175 1.6 1.4 1.8
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 65 45 25 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 140 120 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 56,845 28,085 28,760 100.0 100.0 100.0 405 195 210 100.0 100.0 100.0 241,365 121,725 119,640 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 56,605 27,980 28,630 99.6 99.6 99.5 405 195 210 100.0 100.0 100.0 240,525 121,345 119,180 99.7 99.7 99.6
Official languages 56,345 27,870 28,475 99.1 99.2 99.0 405 195 210 100.0 100.0 100.0 239,065 120,615 118,455 99.0 99.1 99.0
English 56,120 27,805 28,315 98.7 99.0 98.5 405 195 210 100.0 100.0 100.0 238,340 120,440 117,900 98.7 98.9 98.5
French 225 65 160 0.4 0.2 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 725 170 550 0.3 0.1 0.5
Non-official languages 265 110 155 0.5 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,465 730 730 0.6 0.6 0.6
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 260 110 150 0.5 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,445 730 710 0.6 0.6 0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 70 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 315 160 150 0.1 0.1 0.1
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 15 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
German 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 45 20 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 105 65 0.1 0.1 0.1
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 30 10 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 85 50 0.1 0.1 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 40 15 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 35 80 0.0 0.0 0.1
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 85 45 0.1 0.1 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 90 60 35 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 380 300 0.3 0.3 0.3
Chinese languages 90 60 35 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 380 300 0.3 0.3 0.3
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 35 10 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 220 200 0.2 0.2 0.2
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 55 40 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 145 95 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 235 100 135 0.4 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 840 375 460 0.3 0.3 0.4
English and French 75 15 60 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 120 170 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and non-official language(s) 150 85 65 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 525 250 270 0.2 0.2 0.2
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 56,845 28,085 28,760 100.0 100.0 100.0 405 195 210 100.0 100.0 100.0 241,365 121,725 119,640 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 55,110 27,275 27,840 96.9 97.1 96.8 390 195 195 96.3 100.0 92.9 235,240 118,925 116,315 97.5 97.7 97.2
English 250 85 165 0.4 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 925 330 595 0.4 0.3 0.5
French 605 320 280 1.1 1.1 1.0 10 0 10 2.5 0.0 4.8 2,100 1,100 1,000 0.9 0.9 0.8
Non-official language 705 315 385 1.2 1.1 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,495 1,080 1,415 1.0 0.9 1.2
Indigenous39 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 675 305 370 1.2 1.1 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,435 1,055 1,375 1.0 0.9 1.1
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
French and non-official language(s) 50 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 100 85 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 100 40 60 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 165 190 0.1 0.1 0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 49,065 24,280 24,785 100.0 100.0 100.0 345 170 170 100.0 100.0 100.0 208,015 105,420 102,595 100.0 100.0 100.0
Worked at home 14,725 6,910 7,815 30.0 28.5 31.5 150 85 70 43.5 50.0 41.2 55,825 25,985 29,835 26.8 24.6 29.1
Worked outside Canada 110 85 25 0.2 0.4 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 320 150 0.2 0.3 0.1
No fixed workplace address 5,195 3,645 1,545 10.6 15.0 6.2 10 10 0 2.9 5.9 0.0 27,490 20,110 7,385 13.2 19.1 7.2
Usual place of work 29,040 13,640 15,395 59.2 56.2 62.1 180 75 105 52.2 44.1 61.8 124,240 59,005 65,235 59.7 56.0 63.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 29,040 13,645 15,395 100.0 100.0 100.0 180 75 105 100.0 100.0 100.0 124,240 59,005 65,230 100.0 100.0 100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 18,330 8,110 10,230 63.1 59.4 66.5 115 55 60 63.9 73.3 57.1 51,200 22,790 28,410 41.2 38.6 43.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 10,050 5,155 4,900 34.6 37.8 31.8 60 20 40 33.3 26.7 38.1 70,070 34,345 35,725 56.4 58.2 54.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 495 290 210 1.7 2.1 1.4 10 0 0 5.6 0.0 0.0 2,465 1,540 925 2.0 2.6 1.4
Commute to a different province or territory 155 90 65 0.5 0.7 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 330 180 0.4 0.6 0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 34,230 17,290 16,945 100.0 100.0 100.0 190 90 105 100.0 100.0 100.0 151,730 79,115 72,615 100.0 100.0 100.0
Car, truck or van 18,245 9,535 8,705 53.3 55.1 51.4 90 35 50 47.4 38.9 47.6 112,575 59,695 52,880 74.2 75.5 72.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver 16,695 8,985 7,705 48.8 52.0 45.5 85 35 50 44.7 38.9 47.6 104,260 56,475 47,790 68.7 71.4 65.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 1,550 550 1,000 4.5 3.2 5.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,315 3,225 5,085 5.5 4.1 7.0
Public transit 3,800 1,715 2,085 11.1 9.9 12.3 30 15 20 15.8 16.7 19.0 11,445 4,880 6,565 7.5 6.2 9.0
Walked 7,690 3,470 4,220 22.5 20.1 24.9 30 20 10 15.8 22.2 9.5 15,095 6,895 8,205 9.9 8.7 11.3
Bicycle 3,300 1,895 1,400 9.6 11.0 8.3 20 10 20 10.5 11.1 19.0 7,950 4,940 3,010 5.2 6.2 4.1
Other method 1,200 670 535 3.5 3.9 3.2 15 10 0 7.9 11.1 0.0 4,660 2,700 1,960 3.1 3.4 2.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 34,230 17,290 16,945 100.0 100.0 100.0 190 90 105 100.0 100.0 100.0 151,730 79,115 72,615 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 15 minutes 12,885 6,100 6,785 37.6 35.3 40.0 65 20 40 34.2 22.2 38.1 52,575 25,065 27,515 34.7 31.7 37.9
15 to 29 minutes 14,570 7,400 7,175 42.6 42.8 42.3 75 30 40 39.5 33.3 38.1 63,300 33,450 29,860 41.7 42.3 41.1
30 to 44 minutes 4,840 2,645 2,195 14.1 15.3 13.0 40 20 15 21.1 22.2 14.3 24,850 14,165 10,690 16.4 17.9 14.7
45 to 59 minutes 1,105 630 475 3.2 3.6 2.8 10 10 0 5.3 11.1 0.0 6,210 3,530 2,685 4.1 4.5 3.7
60 minutes and over 830 520 315 2.4 3.0 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,790 2,910 1,880 3.2 3.7 2.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 34,230 17,290 16,945 100.0 100.0 100.0 190 90 105 100.0 100.0 100.0 151,730 79,115 72,615 100.0 100.0 100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 1,010 660 350 3.0 3.8 2.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,870 4,695 2,175 4.5 5.9 3.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 4,390 2,590 1,800 12.8 15.0 10.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,320 14,605 8,710 15.4 18.5 12.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 8,825 4,640 4,185 25.8 26.8 24.7 60 25 35 31.6 27.8 33.3 40,470 21,740 18,730 26.7 27.5 25.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 9,095 4,090 5,005 26.6 23.7 29.5 60 30 35 31.6 33.3 33.3 36,700 16,725 19,980 24.2 21.1 27.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 6,160 2,850 3,310 18.0 16.5 19.5 40 15 20 21.1 16.7 19.0 23,820 10,565 13,255 15.7 13.4 18.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 4,745 2,455 2,295 13.9 14.2 13.5 25 10 10 13.2 11.1 9.5 20,545 10,785 9,765 13.5 13.6 13.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 10,175 5,140 5,035 100.0 100.0 100.0 115 60 60 100.0 100.0 100.0 64,880 33,150 31,725 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 855 395 455 8.4 7.7 9.0 15 10 5 13.0 16.7 8.3 5,095 2,540 2,560 7.9 7.7 8.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 9,325 4,750 4,575 91.6 92.4 90.9 100 50 50 87.0 83.3 83.3 59,780 30,615 29,165 92.1 92.4 91.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 7,065 3,530 3,535 100.0 100.0 100.0 90 45 45 100.0 100.0 100.0 47,970 24,565 23,410 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 610 275 330 8.6 7.8 9.3 10 5 5 11.1 11.1 11.1 3,895 1,955 1,940 8.1 8.0 8.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 300 125 175 4.2 3.5 5.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,980 950 1,030 4.1 3.9 4.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 305 150 155 4.3 4.2 4.4 10 5 5 11.1 11.1 11.1 1,910 1,005 905 4.0 4.1 3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 6,455 3,255 3,205 91.4 92.2 90.7 80 40 45 88.9 88.9 100.0 44,085 22,610 21,475 91.9 92.0 91.7

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 7, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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