Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
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Education
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Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
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GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Victoria, City (CY)More information:
British Columbia
[Census subdivision]
 Remove		 59170203More information:
British Columbia
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 British ColumbiaMore information:

[Province]
 Remove
Counts Rates Counts Rates Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 91,867 ... ... ... ... ... 672 ... ... ... ... ... 5,000,879 ... ... ... ... ...
Population, 20161 85,792 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4,648,055 ... ... ... ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 7.1 ... ... 7.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 7.6 ... ... 7.6 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 53,070 ... ... ... ... ... 301 ... ... ... ... ... 2,211,694 ... ... ... ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 49,222 ... ... ... ... ... 291 ... ... ... ... ... 2,041,834 ... ... ... ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 4,722.3 ... ... 4,722.3 ... ... 3,576.4 ... ... 3,576.4 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 5.4 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 19.45 ... ... ... ... ... 0.19 ... ... ... ... ... 920,686.55 ... ... ... ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 91,870 43,585 48,285 100.0 100.0 100.0 675 310 360 100.0 100.0 100.0 5,000,880 2,457,515 2,543,365 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 8,450 4,240 4,205 9.2 9.7 8.7 105 55 50 15.6 17.7 13.9 716,900 369,250 347,650 14.3 15.0 13.7
0 to 4 years 2,910 1,510 1,400 3.2 3.5 2.9 30 15 10 4.4 4.8 2.8 216,825 111,015 105,805 4.3 4.5 4.2
5 to 9 years 2,835 1,395 1,440 3.1 3.2 3.0 30 15 20 4.4 4.8 5.6 244,290 125,810 118,485 4.9 5.1 4.7
10 to 14 years 2,705 1,340 1,365 2.9 3.1 2.8 40 20 15 5.9 6.5 4.2 255,790 132,425 123,365 5.1 5.4 4.9
15 to 64 years 62,060 30,275 31,785 67.6 69.5 65.8 425 190 230 63.0 61.3 63.9 3,267,620 1,614,625 1,652,995 65.3 65.7 65.0
15 to 19 years 2,710 1,375 1,340 2.9 3.2 2.8 20 10 15 3.0 3.2 4.2 253,690 131,245 122,445 5.1 5.3 4.8
20 to 24 years 6,040 2,565 3,475 6.6 5.9 7.2 35 20 20 5.2 6.5 5.6 294,650 151,505 143,145 5.9 6.2 5.6
25 to 29 years 8,765 4,240 4,525 9.5 9.7 9.4 45 20 25 6.7 6.5 6.9 337,090 170,500 166,585 6.7 6.9 6.5
30 to 34 years 9,035 4,545 4,490 9.8 10.4 9.3 40 15 25 5.9 4.8 6.9 358,585 178,925 179,660 7.2 7.3 7.1
35 to 39 years 7,455 3,820 3,635 8.1 8.8 7.5 40 15 20 5.9 4.8 5.6 353,350 175,175 178,175 7.1 7.1 7.0
40 to 44 years 5,985 3,035 2,945 6.5 7.0 6.1 50 25 20 7.4 8.1 5.6 319,740 156,480 163,260 6.4 6.4 6.4
45 to 49 years 5,205 2,635 2,570 5.7 6.0 5.3 50 20 30 7.4 6.5 8.3 310,035 149,520 160,515 6.2 6.1 6.3
50 to 54 years 5,340 2,635 2,705 5.8 6.0 5.6 50 25 25 7.4 8.1 6.9 329,005 158,540 170,460 6.6 6.5 6.7
55 to 59 years 5,560 2,665 2,895 6.1 6.1 6.0 40 15 25 5.9 4.8 6.9 356,345 172,520 183,825 7.1 7.0 7.2
60 to 64 years 5,965 2,755 3,205 6.5 6.3 6.6 45 20 20 6.7 6.5 5.6 355,130 170,210 184,920 7.1 6.9 7.3
65 years and over 21,350 9,065 12,285 23.2 20.8 25.4 145 65 80 21.5 21.0 22.2 1,016,365 473,640 542,720 20.3 19.3 21.3
65 to 69 years 6,020 2,675 3,345 6.6 6.1 6.9 55 25 30 8.1 8.1 8.3 319,405 152,705 166,700 6.4 6.2 6.6
70 to 74 years 5,905 2,675 3,230 6.4 6.1 6.7 50 20 25 7.4 6.5 6.9 272,365 130,370 141,995 5.4 5.3 5.6
75 to 79 years 3,705 1,685 2,015 4.0 3.9 4.2 20 10 10 3.0 3.2 2.8 181,075 86,060 95,015 3.6 3.5 3.7
80 to 84 years 2,410 990 1,430 2.6 2.3 3.0 10 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.8 121,055 55,285 65,780 2.4 2.2 2.6
85 years and over 3,320 1,045 2,270 3.6 2.4 4.7 10 5 10 1.5 1.6 2.8 122,465 49,225 73,235 2.4 2.0 2.9
85 to 89 years 1,675 605 1,065 1.8 1.4 2.2 5 5 5 0.7 1.6 1.4 74,315 32,315 42,005 1.5 1.3 1.7
90 to 94 years 1,235 350 890 1.3 0.8 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,840 13,715 23,120 0.7 0.6 0.9
95 to 99 years 355 80 275 0.4 0.2 0.6 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 9,790 2,865 6,925 0.2 0.1 0.3
100 years and over 45 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,515 330 1,185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 9.2 9.7 8.7 9.2 9.7 8.7 15.6 17.7 13.9 15.6 17.7 13.9 14.3 15.0 13.7 14.3 15.0 13.7
15 to 64 years 67.6 69.5 65.8 67.6 69.5 65.8 63.0 61.3 63.9 63.0 61.3 63.9 65.3 65.7 65.0 65.3 65.7 65.0
65 years and over 23.2 20.8 25.4 23.2 20.8 25.4 21.5 21.0 22.2 21.5 21.0 22.2 20.3 19.3 21.3 20.3 19.3 21.3
85 years and over 3.6 2.4 4.7 3.6 2.4 4.7 1.5 1.6 2.8 1.5 1.6 2.8 2.4 2.0 2.9 2.4 2.0 2.9
Average age of the population 45.2 44.0 46.3 45.2 44.0 46.3 43.2 42.4 44.0 43.2 42.4 44.0 43.1 42.2 43.9 43.1 42.2 43.9
Median age of the population 42.8 41.6 44.0 42.8 41.6 44.0 44.8 44.4 45.2 44.8 44.4 45.2 42.8 41.6 44.0 42.8 41.6 44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 290 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Single-detached house 6,685 ... ... 13.6 ... ... 150 ... ... 51.7 ... ... 866,340 ... ... 42.4 ... ...
Semi-detached house 1,150 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 5 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 62,890 ... ... 3.1 ... ...
Row house 2,305 ... ... 4.7 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 168,590 ... ... 8.3 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 4,450 ... ... 9.0 ... ... 85 ... ... 29.3 ... ... 249,835 ... ... 12.2 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 23,510 ... ... 47.8 ... ... 35 ... ... 12.1 ... ... 417,475 ... ... 20.4 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 11,000 ... ... 22.3 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 221,845 ... ... 10.9 ... ...
Other single-attached house 80 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 5 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 3,760 ... ... 0.2 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 35 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 51,100 ... ... 2.5 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 290 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 person 24,100 ... ... 49.0 ... ... 80 ... ... 27.6 ... ... 600,705 ... ... 29.4 ... ...
2 persons 17,060 ... ... 34.7 ... ... 105 ... ... 36.2 ... ... 719,865 ... ... 35.3 ... ...
3 persons 4,295 ... ... 8.7 ... ... 55 ... ... 19.0 ... ... 296,200 ... ... 14.5 ... ...
4 persons 2,620 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 30 ... ... 10.3 ... ... 256,700 ... ... 12.6 ... ...
5 or more persons 1,145 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 168,355 ... ... 8.2 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 87,890 41,820 46,065 100.0 100.0 100.0 670 310 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,915,945 2,416,800 2,499,140 100.0 100.0 100.0
Average household size 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 83,415 39,340 44,075 100.0 100.0 100.0 565 255 315 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,283,980 2,088,265 2,195,715 100.0 100.0 100.0
Married or living common-law 38,580 19,280 19,305 46.3 49.0 43.8 340 170 170 60.2 66.7 54.0 2,464,130 1,229,850 1,234,280 57.5 58.9 56.2
Married 26,155 13,060 13,095 31.4 33.2 29.7 270 135 135 47.8 52.9 42.9 2,036,165 1,015,165 1,021,000 47.5 48.6 46.5
Living common-law 12,425 6,215 6,205 14.9 15.8 14.1 75 35 35 13.3 13.7 11.1 427,970 214,680 213,285 10.0 10.3 9.7
Living common law - Never married 10,080 5,020 5,055 12.1 12.8 11.5 55 25 25 9.7 9.8 7.9 313,560 158,045 155,515 7.3 7.6 7.1
Living common law - Separated 270 150 120 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,220 8,940 8,285 0.4 0.4 0.4
Living common law - Divorced 1,945 995 955 2.3 2.5 2.2 15 10 5 2.7 3.9 1.6 87,370 43,700 43,670 2.0 2.1 2.0
Living common law - Widowed 125 50 75 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,815 3,995 5,820 0.2 0.2 0.3
Not married and not living common-law 44,835 20,060 24,770 53.7 51.0 56.2 225 85 140 39.8 33.3 44.4 1,819,845 858,415 961,435 42.5 41.1 43.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married 29,280 14,960 14,320 35.1 38.0 32.5 155 70 90 27.4 27.5 28.6 1,202,625 653,345 549,280 28.1 31.3 25.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated 2,400 1,000 1,395 2.9 2.5 3.2 10 5 10 1.8 2.0 3.2 110,710 47,290 63,420 2.6 2.3 2.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 8,670 3,180 5,495 10.4 8.1 12.5 35 15 25 6.2 5.9 7.9 283,035 109,615 173,420 6.6 5.2 7.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 4,485 925 3,560 5.4 2.4 8.1 15 5 15 2.7 2.0 4.8 223,475 48,165 175,310 5.2 2.3 8.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 21,760 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 190 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,399,405 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
2 persons 15,225 ... ... 70.0 ... ... 100 ... ... 52.6 ... ... 763,875 ... ... 54.6 ... ...
3 persons 3,545 ... ... 16.3 ... ... 50 ... ... 26.3 ... ... 290,335 ... ... 20.7 ... ...
4 persons 2,340 ... ... 10.8 ... ... 30 ... ... 15.8 ... ... 255,295 ... ... 18.2 ... ...
5 or more persons 650 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 10 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 89,900 ... ... 6.4 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.5 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 1.7 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 21,760 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 190 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,399,405 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total couple families 18,540 ... ... 85.2 ... ... 170 ... ... 89.5 ... ... 1,190,930 ... ... 85.1 ... ...
Married couples 12,330 ... ... 56.7 ... ... 130 ... ... 68.4 ... ... 977,010 ... ... 69.8 ... ...
With children6 4,670 ... ... 21.5 ... ... 75 ... ... 39.5 ... ... 496,240 ... ... 35.5 ... ...
Without children 7,670 ... ... 35.2 ... ... 60 ... ... 31.6 ... ... 480,770 ... ... 34.4 ... ...
Common-law couples 6,205 ... ... 28.5 ... ... 35 ... ... 18.4 ... ... 213,925 ... ... 15.3 ... ...
With children6 980 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 5 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 64,570 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
Without children 5,225 ... ... 24.0 ... ... 30 ... ... 15.8 ... ... 149,355 ... ... 10.7 ... ...
Total one-parent families 3,225 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 25 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 208,475 ... ... 14.9 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 2,585 ... ... 11.9 ... ... 15 ... ... 7.9 ... ... 161,820 ... ... 11.6 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 640 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 5 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 46,655 ... ... 3.3 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 87,890 41,825 46,065 100.0 100.0 100.0 670 310 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,915,945 2,416,800 2,499,140 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total - Persons in census families 53,900 26,230 27,670 61.3 62.7 60.1 525 255 265 78.4 82.3 72.6 3,897,915 1,933,790 1,964,120 79.3 80.0 78.6
Married spouses or common-law partners 37,075 18,550 18,530 42.2 44.4 40.2 340 170 170 50.7 54.8 46.6 2,381,865 1,191,345 1,190,515 48.5 49.3 47.6
Parents in one-parent families 3,225 640 2,585 3.7 1.5 5.6 20 5 20 3.0 1.6 5.5 208,475 46,660 161,820 4.2 1.9 6.5
Children6 13,610 7,045 6,560 15.5 16.8 14.2 165 85 80 24.6 27.4 21.9 1,307,575 695,790 611,785 26.6 28.8 24.5
In a two-parent family 9,275 4,740 4,540 10.6 11.3 9.9 135 70 65 20.1 22.6 17.8 1,001,235 529,410 471,830 20.4 21.9 18.9
In a one-parent family 4,330 2,310 2,025 4.9 5.5 4.4 25 15 10 3.7 4.8 2.7 306,340 166,380 139,960 6.2 6.9 5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 33,985 15,590 18,395 38.7 37.3 39.9 145 50 100 21.6 16.1 27.4 1,018,030 483,010 535,015 20.7 20.0 21.4
Living alone 24,100 10,670 13,430 27.4 25.5 29.2 85 25 55 12.7 8.1 15.1 600,705 273,740 326,960 12.2 11.3 13.1
Living with other relatives7 1,530 705 830 1.7 1.7 1.8 10 5 10 1.5 1.6 2.7 139,900 56,735 83,160 2.8 2.3 3.3
Living with non-relatives only 8,350 4,215 4,140 9.5 10.1 9.0 55 20 30 8.2 6.5 8.2 277,425 152,535 124,890 5.6 6.3 5.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 49,220 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 290 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,041,830 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 19,975 ... ... 40.6 ... ... 170 ... ... 58.6 ... ... 1,157,520 ... ... 56.7 ... ...
Couple-family households 17,160 ... ... 34.9 ... ... 155 ... ... 53.4 ... ... 1,002,775 ... ... 49.1 ... ...
With children6 5,135 ... ... 10.4 ... ... 75 ... ... 25.9 ... ... 463,945 ... ... 22.7 ... ...
Without children 12,025 ... ... 24.4 ... ... 80 ... ... 27.6 ... ... 538,825 ... ... 26.4 ... ...
One-parent-family households 2,815 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 20 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 154,745 ... ... 7.6 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 365 ... ... 0.7 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 75,700 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 160 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 20,325 ... ... 1.0 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 940 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 79,015 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 3,680 ... ... 7.5 ... ... 20 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 108,570 ... ... 5.3 ... ...
One-person households 24,100 ... ... 49.0 ... ... 85 ... ... 29.3 ... ... 600,705 ... ... 29.4 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 79,470 37,590 41,880 100.0 100.0 100.0 570 255 310 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,200,500 2,048,300 2,152,200 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 78,090 36,880 41,205 98.3 98.1 98.4 555 250 305 97.4 98.0 98.4 4,076,345 1,987,855 2,088,490 97.0 97.0 97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 43,200 46,400 41,200 43,200 46,400 41,200 48,800 56,800 44,800 48,800 56,800 44,800 40,800 47,200 36,000 40,800 47,200 36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 78,125 36,900 41,220 98.3 98.2 98.4 555 250 305 97.4 98.0 98.4 4,078,810 1,989,180 2,089,630 97.1 97.1 97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 39,200 41,600 37,600 39,200 41,600 37,600 42,800 52,000 39,600 42,800 52,000 39,600 37,200 42,400 33,600 37,200 42,400 33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 71,625 33,820 37,805 90.1 90.0 90.3 515 235 280 90.4 92.2 90.3 3,655,710 1,808,310 1,847,405 87.0 88.3 85.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 38,000 42,800 33,600 38,000 42,800 33,600 43,600 53,200 40,400 43,600 53,200 40,400 35,200 43,600 28,400 35,200 43,600 28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 56,910 27,725 29,185 71.6 73.8 69.7 380 170 210 66.7 66.7 67.7 2,886,365 1,471,335 1,415,030 68.7 71.8 65.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 38,800 42,800 35,200 38,800 42,800 35,200 40,400 52,800 35,600 40,400 52,800 35,600 38,000 46,000 31,200 38,000 46,000 31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 66,235 29,925 36,310 83.3 79.6 86.7 440 180 260 77.2 70.6 83.9 3,377,800 1,555,875 1,821,925 80.4 76.0 84.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,600 9,000 10,100 9,600 9,000 10,100 10,000 12,000 8,400 10,000 12,000 8,400 10,000 9,100 10,600 10,000 9,100 10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 6,705 3,075 3,630 8.4 8.2 8.7 35 15 20 6.1 5.9 6.5 370,345 168,520 201,825 8.8 8.2 9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,320 5,240 5,360 5,320 5,240 5,360 4,160 x x 4,160 x x 5,480 5,480 5,520 5,480 5,480 5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 22,165 10,370 11,790 27.9 27.6 28.2 150 70 80 26.3 27.5 25.8 1,106,935 526,910 580,025 26.4 25.7 27.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 7,500 8,700 6,500 7,500 8,700 6,500 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 79,470 37,595 41,880 100.0 100.0 100.0 555 255 300 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,200,425 2,048,395 2,152,030 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 78,060 36,985 41,070 98.2 98.4 98.1 540 245 295 97.3 96.1 98.3 4,075,270 1,987,400 2,087,875 97.0 97.0 97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 54,500 59,600 49,920 54,500 59,600 49,920 58,600 74,500 45,200 58,600 74,500 45,200 54,450 63,500 45,800 54,450 63,500 45,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 78,075 37,000 41,080 98.2 98.4 98.1 540 245 295 97.3 96.1 98.3 4,077,810 1,988,785 2,089,025 97.1 97.1 97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 46,200 49,760 43,000 46,200 49,760 43,000 49,000 60,800 39,200 49,000 60,800 39,200 45,600 51,900 39,600 45,600 51,900 39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 71,475 33,860 37,620 89.9 90.1 89.8 500 225 275 90.1 88.2 91.7 3,654,285 1,807,745 1,846,535 87.0 88.3 85.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 49,680 56,150 43,880 49,680 56,150 43,880 55,800 73,500 40,800 55,800 73,500 40,800 50,520 60,800 40,440 50,520 60,800 40,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 56,910 27,875 29,035 71.6 74.1 69.3 390 175 215 70.3 68.6 71.7 2,886,325 1,472,690 1,413,635 68.7 71.9 65.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 48,040 53,350 43,000 48,040 53,350 43,000 56,200 74,000 42,000 56,200 74,000 42,000 50,520 59,800 40,840 50,520 59,800 40,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 66,025 29,970 36,055 83.1 79.7 86.1 400 160 245 72.1 62.7 81.7 3,374,170 1,553,970 1,820,205 80.3 75.9 84.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,650 10,100 11,110 10,650 10,100 11,110 9,400 10,200 8,900 9,400 10,200 8,900 11,030 10,490 11,490 11,030 10,490 11,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 6,370 2,905 3,465 8.0 7.7 8.3 35 0 25 6.3 0.0 8.3 368,410 167,495 200,910 8.8 8.2 9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,225 5,895 6,500 6,225 5,895 6,500 3,600 ... 3,800 3,600 ... 3,800 6,540 6,030 6,970 6,540 6,030 6,970
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 21,920 10,235 11,680 27.6 27.2 27.9 175 75 100 31.5 29.4 33.3 1,102,145 524,940 577,205 26.2 25.6 26.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,170 9,080 9,250 9,170 9,080 9,250 7,150 7,800 6,500 7,150 7,800 6,500 9,110 8,940 9,260 9,110 8,940 9,260
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 79,470 37,590 41,875 100.0 100.0 100.0 555 255 300 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,200,420 2,048,395 2,152,030 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 26,355 13,895 12,455 33.2 37.0 29.7 165 85 75 29.7 33.3 25.0 1,301,410 737,105 564,300 31.0 36.0 26.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 62,400 64,500 60,400 62,400 64,500 60,400 90,000 107,000 81,000 90,000 107,000 81,000 65,000 71,500 57,600 65,000 71,500 57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 71,800 75,300 67,900 71,800 75,300 67,900 97,000 116,000 74,000 97,000 116,000 74,000 77,700 86,600 66,000 77,700 86,600 66,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 24,520 11,200 13,325 30.9 29.8 31.8 195 75 120 35.1 29.4 40.0 1,195,830 547,835 647,995 28.5 26.7 30.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 19,800 21,800 18,400 19,800 21,800 18,400 18,200 18,000 18,400 18,200 18,000 18,400 19,400 22,400 17,400 19,400 22,400 17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 28,560 31,440 26,160 28,560 31,440 26,160 28,800 30,000 28,000 28,800 30,000 28,000 30,560 36,160 25,840 30,560 36,160 25,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 83.4 86.2 80.4 83.4 86.2 80.4 88.0 92.0 84.0 88.0 92.0 84.0 83.2 87.0 78.2 83.2 87.0 78.2
Employment income (%)19 64.2 67.4 60.9 64.2 67.4 60.9 68.5 70.0 67.0 68.5 70.0 67.0 65.8 69.8 60.4 65.8 69.8 60.4
Government transfers (%)20 16.5 13.7 19.6 16.5 13.7 19.6 11.9 8.8 16.4 11.9 8.8 16.4 16.8 12.9 21.9 16.8 12.9 21.9
Employment insurance benefits (%) 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.4 x 0.8 0.4 x 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.1 0.8 1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 5.8 5.1 6.5 5.8 5.1 6.5 4.8 3.9 6.0 4.8 3.9 6.0 5.6 4.5 7.1 5.6 4.5 7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 4.7 4.2 5.3 4.7 4.2 5.3 4.0 3.4 4.8 4.0 3.4 4.8 4.5 3.7 5.6 4.5 3.7 5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 79,470 37,595 41,875 100.0 100.0 100.0 565 255 315 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,200,500 2,048,300 2,152,200 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without total income 1,380 710 670 1.7 1.9 1.6 10 5 10 1.8 2.0 3.2 124,155 60,445 63,710 3.0 3.0 3.0
With total income 78,090 36,880 41,210 98.3 98.1 98.4 555 250 305 98.2 98.0 96.8 4,076,350 1,987,855 2,088,490 97.0 97.0 97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss) 4,990 2,300 2,690 6.4 6.2 6.5 55 15 35 9.9 6.0 11.5 385,230 166,325 218,900 9.5 8.4 10.5
$10,000 to $19,999 7,390 3,305 4,090 9.5 9.0 9.9 55 20 35 9.9 8.0 11.5 474,245 197,530 276,715 11.6 9.9 13.2
$20,000 to $29,999 12,385 5,150 7,240 15.9 14.0 17.6 85 45 40 15.3 18.0 13.1 627,895 264,860 363,035 15.4 13.3 17.4
$30,000 to $39,999 10,875 4,830 6,045 13.9 13.1 14.7 50 20 30 9.0 8.0 9.8 515,780 222,825 292,955 12.7 11.2 14.0
$40,000 to $49,999 9,705 4,485 5,215 12.4 12.2 12.7 50 10 35 9.0 4.0 11.5 442,130 198,985 243,150 10.8 10.0 11.6
$50,000 to $59,999 7,930 3,590 4,340 10.2 9.7 10.5 40 20 20 7.2 8.0 6.6 363,335 172,380 190,950 8.9 8.7 9.1
$60,000 to $69,999 6,090 2,925 3,160 7.8 7.9 7.7 35 15 20 6.3 6.0 6.6 284,130 149,100 135,030 7.0 7.5 6.5
$70,000 to $79,999 4,760 2,415 2,345 6.1 6.5 5.7 40 15 20 7.2 6.0 6.6 221,755 125,565 96,190 5.4 6.3 4.6
$80,000 to $89,999 3,530 1,865 1,660 4.5 5.1 4.0 35 15 15 6.3 6.0 4.9 172,110 101,195 70,915 4.2 5.1 3.4
$90,000 to $99,999 2,690 1,390 1,300 3.4 3.8 3.2 20 5 15 3.6 2.0 4.9 136,185 81,180 55,005 3.3 4.1 2.6
$100,000 and over 7,740 4,610 3,125 9.9 12.5 7.6 95 60 40 17.1 24.0 13.1 453,550 307,905 145,645 11.1 15.5 7.0
$100,000 to $149,999 5,260 2,970 2,285 6.7 8.1 5.5 55 35 20 9.9 14.0 6.6 297,440 194,595 102,850 7.3 9.8 4.9
$150,000 and over 2,480 1,640 840 3.2 4.4 2.0 40 30 15 7.2 12.0 4.9 156,105 113,310 42,800 3.8 5.7 2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 79,470 37,595 41,875 100.0 100.0 100.0 565 255 315 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,200,500 2,048,300 2,152,200 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without after-tax income 1,345 690 655 1.7 1.8 1.6 10 5 10 1.8 2.0 3.2 121,690 59,120 62,575 2.9 2.9 2.9
With after-tax income 78,125 36,905 41,225 98.3 98.2 98.4 555 250 305 98.2 98.0 96.8 4,078,810 1,989,185 2,089,630 97.1 97.1 97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss) 5,275 2,410 2,865 6.8 6.5 6.9 55 20 35 9.9 8.0 11.5 402,375 172,800 229,575 9.9 8.7 11.0
$10,000 to $19,999 7,675 3,430 4,240 9.8 9.3 10.3 55 20 35 9.9 8.0 11.5 490,875 204,625 286,255 12.0 10.3 13.7
$20,000 to $29,999 14,155 5,995 8,160 18.1 16.2 19.8 85 45 45 15.3 18.0 14.8 705,795 299,550 406,245 17.3 15.1 19.4
$30,000 to $39,999 12,800 5,765 7,035 16.4 15.6 17.1 65 20 40 11.7 8.0 13.1 593,485 261,620 331,865 14.6 13.2 15.9
$40,000 to $49,999 11,105 5,130 5,975 14.2 13.9 14.5 45 20 30 8.1 8.0 9.8 502,775 233,645 269,135 12.3 11.7 12.9
$50,000 to $59,999 8,320 3,905 4,410 10.6 10.6 10.7 55 30 25 9.9 12.0 8.2 387,850 198,895 188,955 9.5 10.0 9.0
$60,000 to $69,999 5,870 2,980 2,890 7.5 8.1 7.0 50 15 35 9.0 6.0 11.5 283,825 160,510 123,315 7.0 8.1 5.9
$70,000 to $79,999 4,210 2,185 2,030 5.4 5.9 4.9 40 20 15 7.2 8.0 4.9 207,535 122,690 84,840 5.1 6.2 4.1
$80,000 to $89,999 2,840 1,505 1,335 3.6 4.1 3.2 25 10 15 4.5 4.0 4.9 150,155 91,640 58,515 3.7 4.6 2.8
$90,000 to $99,999 1,795 970 825 2.3 2.6 2.0 20 5 10 3.6 2.0 3.3 99,015 63,800 35,220 2.4 3.2 1.7
$100,000 and over 4,090 2,635 1,460 5.2 7.1 3.5 65 45 20 11.7 18.0 6.6 255,125 179,415 75,715 6.3 9.0 3.6
$100,000 to $124,999 2,015 1,250 765 2.6 3.4 1.9 30 20 10 5.4 8.0 3.3 127,025 86,835 40,195 3.1 4.4 1.9
$125,000 and over 2,080 1,385 690 2.7 3.8 1.7 35 25 10 6.3 10.0 3.3 128,100 92,585 35,515 3.1 4.7 1.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 79,470 37,595 41,875 100.0 100.0 100.0 565 255 315 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,200,500 2,048,300 2,152,200 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without employment income 22,555 9,865 12,690 28.4 26.2 30.3 185 80 105 32.7 31.4 33.3 1,314,135 576,965 737,165 31.3 28.2 34.3
With employment income 56,915 27,730 29,185 71.6 73.8 69.7 380 175 205 67.3 68.6 65.1 2,886,365 1,471,335 1,415,035 68.7 71.8 65.7
Under $5,000 (including loss) 7,025 3,175 3,850 12.3 11.4 13.2 50 25 30 13.2 14.3 14.6 397,640 182,895 214,745 13.8 12.4 15.2
$5,000 to $9,999 4,355 1,870 2,490 7.7 6.7 8.5 30 10 20 7.9 5.7 9.8 234,130 99,970 134,165 8.1 6.8 9.5
$10,000 to $19,999 6,760 2,940 3,825 11.9 10.6 13.1 50 15 30 13.2 8.6 14.6 339,265 147,650 191,615 11.8 10.0 13.5
$20,000 to $29,999 5,610 2,620 2,990 9.9 9.4 10.2 35 15 20 9.2 8.6 9.8 266,065 118,485 147,580 9.2 8.1 10.4
$30,000 to $39,999 5,325 2,610 2,715 9.4 9.4 9.3 20 10 15 5.3 5.7 7.3 257,235 116,285 140,950 8.9 7.9 10.0
$40,000 to $49,999 5,425 2,620 2,805 9.5 9.4 9.6 30 5 20 7.9 2.9 9.8 247,550 116,085 131,470 8.6 7.9 9.3
$50,000 to $59,999 5,220 2,465 2,750 9.2 8.9 9.4 15 10 10 3.9 5.7 4.9 230,030 112,805 117,220 8.0 7.7 8.3
$60,000 to $69,999 4,105 1,995 2,115 7.2 7.2 7.2 10 5 5 2.6 2.9 2.4 190,470 105,215 85,260 6.6 7.2 6.0
$70,000 to $79,999 3,285 1,735 1,550 5.8 6.3 5.3 25 10 10 6.6 5.7 4.9 154,990 91,615 63,375 5.4 6.2 4.5
$80,000 to $89,999 2,570 1,400 1,170 4.5 5.0 4.0 20 10 15 5.3 5.7 7.3 128,265 77,550 50,715 4.4 5.3 3.6
$90,000 to $99,999 2,005 1,060 945 3.5 3.8 3.2 15 5 10 3.9 2.9 4.9 105,855 64,420 41,430 3.7 4.4 2.9
$100,000 and over 5,215 3,235 1,985 9.2 11.7 6.8 70 45 25 18.4 25.7 12.2 334,875 238,370 96,505 11.6 16.2 6.8
$100,000 to $124,999 2,645 1,490 1,160 4.6 5.4 4.0 25 10 15 6.6 5.7 7.3 154,515 102,955 51,560 5.4 7.0 3.6
$125,000 and over 2,575 1,745 830 4.5 6.3 2.8 45 30 15 11.8 17.1 7.3 180,360 135,420 44,940 6.2 9.2 3.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 79,470 37,590 41,880 100.0 100.0 100.0 570 255 310 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,200,500 2,048,300 2,152,200 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 76,500 36,055 40,445 96.3 95.9 96.6 550 245 300 96.5 96.1 96.8 3,960,225 1,926,690 2,033,535 94.3 94.1 94.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 40,000 43,600 37,200 40,000 43,600 37,200 48,000 54,000 42,400 48,000 54,000 42,400 38,400 46,000 32,800 38,400 46,000 32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 76,580 36,090 40,500 96.4 96.0 96.7 550 245 305 96.5 96.1 98.4 3,968,465 1,928,380 2,040,085 94.5 94.1 94.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 36,000 38,800 33,600 36,000 38,800 33,600 42,800 48,000 37,200 42,800 48,000 37,200 34,800 40,800 30,000 34,800 40,800 30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 71,055 33,535 37,525 89.4 89.2 89.6 530 240 285 93.0 94.1 91.9 3,614,710 1,784,370 1,830,340 86.1 87.1 85.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 37,600 42,400 33,600 37,600 42,400 33,600 43,200 52,000 38,400 43,200 52,000 38,400 36,400 44,800 29,800 36,400 44,800 29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 58,840 28,405 30,440 74.0 75.6 72.7 410 190 225 71.9 74.5 72.6 2,972,225 1,505,485 1,466,740 70.8 73.5 68.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 36,400 40,400 32,800 36,400 40,400 32,800 35,600 46,800 30,600 35,600 46,800 30,600 36,800 45,200 30,600 36,800 45,200 30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 54,245 23,440 30,805 68.3 62.4 73.6 370 150 225 64.9 58.8 72.6 2,715,540 1,173,320 1,542,220 64.6 57.3 71.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 3,960 2,540 4,920 3,960 2,540 4,920 4,400 3,920 4,600 4,400 3,920 4,600 5,880 4,520 6,450 5,880 4,520 6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 4,085 1,925 2,160 5.1 5.1 5.2 30 10 10 5.3 3.9 3.2 258,710 115,865 142,845 6.2 5.7 6.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 5,320 5,080 5,680 5,320 5,080 5,680 5,720 x x 5,720 x x 5,480 5,120 5,800 5,480 5,120 5,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 79,470 37,595 41,880 100.0 100.0 100.0 555 255 300 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,200,425 2,048,395 2,152,030 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 76,555 36,145 40,410 96.3 96.1 96.5 550 250 300 99.1 98.0 100.0 3,959,300 1,926,475 2,032,835 94.3 94.0 94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 50,640 56,150 45,680 50,640 56,150 45,680 58,400 71,000 47,600 58,400 71,000 47,600 52,300 62,250 42,880 52,300 62,250 42,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 76,635 36,200 40,430 96.4 96.3 96.5 550 250 300 99.1 98.0 100.0 3,967,440 1,928,070 2,039,370 94.5 94.1 94.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 42,520 46,160 39,240 42,520 46,160 39,240 48,200 56,400 41,600 48,200 56,400 41,600 43,400 50,520 36,640 43,400 50,520 36,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 70,875 33,525 37,350 89.2 89.2 89.2 530 240 290 95.5 94.1 96.7 3,612,845 1,783,870 1,828,980 86.0 87.1 85.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 48,760 55,350 42,880 48,760 55,350 42,880 56,600 71,500 44,400 56,600 71,500 44,400 51,080 61,850 40,560 51,080 61,850 40,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 58,635 28,435 30,205 73.8 75.6 72.1 425 200 225 76.6 78.4 75.0 2,971,405 1,506,375 1,465,035 70.7 73.5 68.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 45,280 50,800 40,120 45,280 50,800 40,120 52,600 68,500 38,800 52,600 68,500 38,800 49,120 58,700 39,280 49,120 58,700 39,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 54,180 23,250 30,930 68.2 61.8 73.9 315 130 185 56.8 51.0 61.7 2,711,365 1,168,975 1,542,390 64.5 57.1 71.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,730 7,520 7,890 7,730 7,520 7,890 6,900 5,700 7,750 6,900 5,700 7,750 8,330 8,200 8,430 8,330 8,200 8,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 4,090 1,865 2,225 5.1 5.0 5.3 15 0 15 2.7 0.0 5.0 258,380 115,595 142,790 6.2 5.6 6.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,700 6,020 7,270 6,700 6,020 7,270 10,000 ... 10,000 10,000 ... 10,000 7,140 6,310 7,810 7,140 6,310 7,810
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 79,470 37,590 41,875 100.0 100.0 100.0 555 255 300 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,200,420 2,048,395 2,152,030 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 26,005 13,680 12,320 32.7 36.4 29.4 165 85 75 29.7 33.3 25.0 1,288,260 729,135 559,120 30.7 35.6 26.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 57,600 60,000 55,200 57,600 60,000 55,200 75,000 106,000 59,600 75,000 106,000 59,600 60,400 68,000 52,800 60,400 68,000 52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 65,900 70,500 60,700 65,900 70,500 60,700 91,000 116,000 60,000 91,000 116,000 60,000 72,800 82,200 60,600 72,800 82,200 60,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 23,510 10,740 12,765 29.6 28.6 30.5 215 90 125 38.7 35.3 41.7 1,128,665 516,540 612,120 26.9 25.2 28.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 24,400 27,000 22,800 24,400 27,000 22,800 16,800 14,800 19,200 16,800 14,800 19,200 25,200 29,400 22,600 25,200 29,400 22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 33,360 37,400 30,000 33,360 37,400 30,000 32,000 33,000 31,600 32,000 33,000 31,600 36,280 43,320 30,320 36,280 43,320 30,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 89.2 91.4 86.8 89.2 91.4 86.8 93.0 96.0 90.0 93.0 96.0 90.0 89.0 92.0 85.0 89.0 92.0 85.0
Employment income (%) 68.6 71.2 65.6 68.6 71.2 65.6 69.5 76.0 61.0 69.5 76.0 61.0 70.4 73.8 66.0 70.4 73.8 66.0
Government transfers (%) 10.8 8.6 13.2 10.8 8.6 13.2 6.7 4.0 10.0 6.7 4.0 10.0 10.9 8.0 14.9 10.9 8.0 14.9
Employment insurance benefits (%) 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.6 ... 1.2 0.6 ... 1.2 0.9 0.6 1.3 0.9 0.6 1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 49,225 ... ... ... ... ... 290 ... ... ... ... ... 2,041,835 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 67,500 ... ... 67,500 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 60,000 ... ... 60,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 76,000 ... ... 76,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 24,100 ... ... ... ... ... 85 ... ... ... ... ... 600,705 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 44,000 ... ... 44,000 ... ... 48,800 ... ... 48,800 ... ... 43,200 ... ... 43,200 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 40,000 ... ... 40,000 ... ... 42,400 ... ... 42,400 ... ... 39,200 ... ... 39,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 25,120 ... ... ... ... ... 210 ... ... ... ... ... 1,441,130 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 97,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ... 108,000 ... ... 108,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 87,000 ... ... 87,000 ... ... 109,000 ... ... 109,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 49,225 ... ... ... ... ... 265 ... ... ... ... ... 2,041,835 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 86,400 ... ... 86,400 ... ... 119,000 ... ... 119,000 ... ... 108,600 ... ... 108,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 73,300 ... ... 73,300 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 91,100 ... ... 91,100 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 24,095 ... ... ... ... ... 50 ... ... ... ... ... 600,425 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 53,850 ... ... 53,850 ... ... 44,000 ... ... 44,000 ... ... 55,600 ... ... 55,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 46,040 ... ... 46,040 ... ... 38,000 ... ... 38,000 ... ... 46,680 ... ... 46,680 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 25,125 ... ... ... ... ... 215 ... ... ... ... ... 1,441,410 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 117,700 ... ... 117,700 ... ... 137,000 ... ... 137,000 ... ... 130,800 ... ... 130,800 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 99,400 ... ... 99,400 ... ... 114,000 ... ... 114,000 ... ... 109,600 ... ... 109,600 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 290 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 715 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 30,080 ... ... 1.5 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 355 ... ... 0.7 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 13,160 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 585 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 19,290 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 1,505 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 41,735 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 2,800 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 5 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 82,340 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 2,135 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 63,830 ... ... 3.1 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 2,200 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 64,895 ... ... 3.2 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 2,375 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 75,105 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 2,275 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 5 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 73,975 ... ... 3.6 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 2,310 ... ... 4.7 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 73,180 ... ... 3.6 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 4,345 ... ... 8.8 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 144,895 ... ... 7.1 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 4,025 ... ... 8.2 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 139,140 ... ... 6.8 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 3,685 ... ... 7.5 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 131,840 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 3,080 ... ... 6.3 ... ... 20 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 122,530 ... ... 6.0 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 2,605 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 112,775 ... ... 5.5 ... ...
$100,000 and over 14,235 ... ... 28.9 ... ... 150 ... ... 51.7 ... ... 853,065 ... ... 41.8 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 4,790 ... ... 9.7 ... ... 40 ... ... 13.8 ... ... 235,680 ... ... 11.5 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 3,155 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 25 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 178,970 ... ... 8.8 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 3,420 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 40 ... ... 13.8 ... ... 221,175 ... ... 10.8 ... ...
$200,000 and over 2,865 ... ... 5.8 ... ... 40 ... ... 13.8 ... ... 217,240 ... ... 10.6 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 290 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 790 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 34,265 ... ... 1.7 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 370 ... ... 0.8 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 13,550 ... ... 0.7 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 600 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 19,930 ... ... 1.0 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 1,565 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 43,390 ... ... 2.1 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 2,985 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 86,585 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 2,530 ... ... 5.1 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 72,515 ... ... 3.6 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 2,660 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 74,810 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 2,710 ... ... 5.5 ... ... 5 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 85,940 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 2,805 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 85,575 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 2,600 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 85,000 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 5,065 ... ... 10.3 ... ... 20 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 168,315 ... ... 8.2 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 4,315 ... ... 8.8 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 160,070 ... ... 7.8 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 3,830 ... ... 7.8 ... ... 25 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 149,385 ... ... 7.3 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 3,030 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 20 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 136,615 ... ... 6.7 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 2,500 ... ... 5.1 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 121,890 ... ... 6.0 ... ...
$100,000 and over 10,885 ... ... 22.1 ... ... 125 ... ... 43.1 ... ... 704,010 ... ... 34.5 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 4,410 ... ... 9.0 ... ... 45 ... ... 15.5 ... ... 243,560 ... ... 11.9 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 2,605 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 30 ... ... 10.3 ... ... 167,850 ... ... 8.2 ... ...
$150,000 and over 3,865 ... ... 7.9 ... ... 55 ... ... 19.0 ... ... 292,600 ... ... 14.3 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 22,010 ... ... ... ... ... 190 ... ... ... ... ... 1,364,485 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 100,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 127,000 ... ... 127,000 ... ... 107,000 ... ... 107,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 88,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 12,515 ... ... ... ... ... 85 ... ... ... ... ... 562,590 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 97,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 118,000 ... ... 118,000 ... ... 93,000 ... ... 93,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 86,000 ... ... 86,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 83,000 ... ... 83,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 5,665 ... ... ... ... ... 85 ... ... ... ... ... 561,965 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 131,000 ... ... 131,000 ... ... 170,000 ... ... 170,000 ... ... 138,000 ... ... 138,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 114,000 ... ... 114,000 ... ... 143,000 ... ... 143,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 3.7 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 3,150 ... ... ... ... ... 20 ... ... ... ... ... 188,585 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 65,500 ... ... 65,500 ... ... 79,500 ... ... 79,500 ... ... 70,500 ... ... 70,500 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 60,800 ... ... 60,800 ... ... 77,000 ... ... 77,000 ... ... 65,000 ... ... 65,000 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 32,455 14,890 17,570 ... ... ... 135 45 90 ... ... ... 878,130 426,275 451,855 ... ... ...
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 40,800 41,200 40,000 40,800 41,200 40,000 37,200 32,000 38,400 37,200 32,000 38,400 39,200 40,800 37,600 39,200 40,800 37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 37,200 37,600 36,800 37,200 37,600 36,800 33,600 30,600 35,200 33,600 30,600 35,200 36,000 37,200 34,800 36,000 37,200 34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 22,015 ... ... ... ... ... 195 ... ... ... ... ... 1,363,860 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 120,300 ... ... 120,300 ... ... 144,000 ... ... 144,000 ... ... 130,400 ... ... 130,400 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 100,800 ... ... 100,800 ... ... 119,000 ... ... 119,000 ... ... 108,900 ... ... 108,900 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 12,575 ... ... ... ... ... 85 ... ... ... ... ... 561,775 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 118,200 ... ... 118,200 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 115,100 ... ... 115,100 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 99,200 ... ... 99,200 ... ... 102,000 ... ... 102,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 5,690 ... ... ... ... ... 90 ... ... ... ... ... 563,000 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 153,600 ... ... 153,600 ... ... 184,000 ... ... 184,000 ... ... 161,800 ... ... 161,800 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 127,100 ... ... 127,100 ... ... 148,000 ... ... 148,000 ... ... 133,800 ... ... 133,800 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 3,110 ... ... ... ... ... 0 ... ... ... ... ... 186,930 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 72,500 ... ... 72,500 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 83,400 ... ... 83,400 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 62,550 ... ... 62,550 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 73,100 ... ... 73,100 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 32,445 14,850 17,595 ... ... ... 130 45 85 ... ... ... 875,470 423,270 452,200 ... ... ...
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 49,520 50,040 49,080 49,520 50,040 49,080 32,500 26,000 35,500 32,500 26,000 35,500 50,240 53,050 47,600 50,240 53,050 47,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 42,800 42,960 42,680 42,800 42,960 42,680 29,200 24,000 32,000 29,200 24,000 32,000 42,720 44,400 41,200 42,720 44,400 41,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 87,890 41,820 46,070 100.0 100.0 100.0 675 310 360 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,915,940 2,416,800 2,499,140 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 9,990 5,045 4,945 11.4 12.1 10.7 120 60 55 17.8 19.4 15.3 866,210 446,475 419,740 17.6 18.5 16.8
0 to 5 years 3,470 1,790 1,680 3.9 4.3 3.6 35 20 10 5.2 6.5 2.8 264,100 135,340 128,760 5.4 5.6 5.2
18 to 64 years 59,105 28,455 30,650 67.2 68.0 66.5 410 190 220 60.7 61.3 61.1 3,085,015 1,515,740 1,569,280 62.8 62.7 62.8
65 years and over 18,795 8,320 10,475 21.4 19.9 22.7 145 65 80 21.5 21.0 22.2 964,710 454,590 510,120 19.6 18.8 20.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 11,515 5,255 6,260 ... ... ... 50 20 30 ... ... ... 528,870 246,885 281,980 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 1,375 680 695 ... ... ... 5 5 5 ... ... ... 98,830 51,230 47,600 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 490 235 255 ... ... ... 0 0 0 ... ... ... 29,460 15,150 14,310 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 7,025 3,320 3,705 ... ... ... 35 15 20 ... ... ... 297,960 141,460 156,505 ... ... ...
65 years and over 3,110 1,250 1,860 ... ... ... 5 0 5 ... ... ... 132,075 54,200 77,875 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 13.1 12.6 13.6 13.1 12.6 13.6 7.4 6.4 8.5 7.4 6.4 8.5 10.8 10.2 11.3 10.8 10.2 11.3
0 to 17 years (%) 13.7 13.4 14.0 13.7 13.4 14.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 11.4 11.5 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.3
0 to 5 years (%) 14.1 13.0 15.1 14.1 13.0 15.1 x x x x x x 11.2 11.2 11.1 11.2 11.2 11.1
18 to 64 years (%) 11.9 11.7 12.1 11.9 11.7 12.1 8.5 7.0 9.5 8.5 7.0 9.5 9.7 9.3 10.0 9.7 9.3 10.0
65 years and over (%) 16.6 15.1 17.7 16.6 15.1 17.7 5.0 x 6.0 5.0 x 6.0 13.7 11.9 15.3 13.7 11.9 15.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 87,890 41,825 46,065 100.0 100.0 100.0 670 310 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,825,465 2,371,915 2,453,550 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 9,985 5,045 4,940 11.4 12.1 10.7 120 60 60 17.9 19.4 16.4 848,955 437,500 411,455 17.6 18.4 16.8
0 to 5 years 3,470 1,790 1,685 3.9 4.3 3.7 30 20 15 4.5 6.5 4.1 259,060 132,740 126,320 5.4 5.6 5.1
18 to 64 years 59,110 28,455 30,650 67.3 68.0 66.5 405 185 225 60.4 59.7 61.6 3,033,655 1,490,215 1,543,435 62.9 62.8 62.9
65 years and over 18,795 8,320 10,475 21.4 19.9 22.7 145 60 80 21.6 19.4 21.9 942,860 444,195 498,660 19.5 18.7 20.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 5,225 2,545 2,680 ... ... ... 25 10 15 ... ... ... 279,035 139,265 139,770 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 460 200 260 ... ... ... 5 5 5 ... ... ... 44,480 23,070 21,410 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 140 65 70 ... ... ... 0 0 0 ... ... ... 11,690 6,045 5,640 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 4,275 2,110 2,170 ... ... ... 20 5 10 ... ... ... 201,000 101,455 99,545 ... ... ...
65 years and over 485 230 255 ... ... ... 5 0 5 ... ... ... 33,555 14,740 18,815 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 6.0 6.1 5.8 6.0 6.1 5.8 3.8 3.0 4.5 3.8 3.0 4.5 5.8 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.7
0 to 17 years (%) 4.6 4.0 5.2 4.6 4.0 5.2 3.0 x x 3.0 x x 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.2
0 to 5 years (%) 4.0 3.6 4.4 4.0 3.6 4.4 x x x x x x 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5
18 to 64 years (%) 7.2 7.4 7.1 7.2 7.4 7.1 4.8 4.0 6.0 4.8 4.0 6.0 6.6 6.8 6.5 6.6 6.8 6.5
65 years and over (%) 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.5 x x x x x x 3.6 3.3 3.8 3.6 3.3 3.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 87,890 41,820 46,070 100.0 100.0 100.0 675 310 360 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,915,940 2,416,800 2,499,140 100.0 100.0 100.0
In bottom half of the distribution 46,805 21,695 25,105 53.3 51.9 54.5 235 100 135 34.8 32.3 37.5 2,300,730 1,101,130 1,199,605 46.8 45.6 48.0
In bottom decile 11,525 5,360 6,160 13.1 12.8 13.4 60 25 30 8.9 8.1 8.3 516,435 247,990 268,445 10.5 10.3 10.7
In second decile 9,535 4,255 5,280 10.8 10.2 11.5 60 25 35 8.9 8.1 9.7 444,845 206,090 238,750 9.0 8.5 9.6
In third decile 8,905 4,190 4,720 10.1 10.0 10.2 35 15 20 5.2 4.8 5.6 436,965 208,575 228,385 8.9 8.6 9.1
In fourth decile 8,405 3,945 4,455 9.6 9.4 9.7 45 20 25 6.7 6.5 6.9 442,745 214,155 228,590 9.0 8.9 9.1
In fifth decile 8,425 3,945 4,485 9.6 9.4 9.7 40 15 25 5.9 4.8 6.9 459,740 224,315 235,420 9.4 9.3 9.4
In top half of the distribution 41,085 20,125 20,965 46.7 48.1 45.5 440 210 225 65.2 67.7 62.5 2,615,210 1,315,675 1,299,535 53.2 54.4 52.0
In sixth decile 8,160 3,895 4,260 9.3 9.3 9.2 55 30 30 8.1 9.7 8.3 475,780 234,975 240,805 9.7 9.7 9.6
In seventh decile 7,775 3,775 4,000 8.8 9.0 8.7 75 35 35 11.1 11.3 9.7 494,480 246,315 248,165 10.1 10.2 9.9
In eighth decile 8,225 4,005 4,220 9.4 9.6 9.2 60 25 35 8.9 8.1 9.7 518,565 260,640 257,925 10.5 10.8 10.3
In ninth decile 8,595 4,225 4,365 9.8 10.1 9.5 130 65 65 19.3 21.0 18.1 550,860 278,965 271,890 11.2 11.5 10.9
In top decile 8,345 4,225 4,120 9.5 10.1 8.9 120 55 70 17.8 17.7 19.4 575,535 294,785 280,750 11.7 12.2 11.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 87,890 ... ... 87,890 ... ... 670 ... ... 670 ... ... 4,915,940 ... ... 4,915,940 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.344 ... ... 0.344 ... ... 0.324 ... ... 0.324 ... ... 0.346 ... ... 0.346 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.449 ... ... 0.449 ... ... 0.394 ... ... 0.394 ... ... 0.449 ... ... 0.449 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.306 ... ... 0.306 ... ... 0.277 ... ... 0.277 ... ... 0.306 ... ... 0.306 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 89,115 42,325 46,790 100.0 100.0 100.0 670 310 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,951,660 2,434,585 2,517,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 76,660 36,990 39,670 86.0 87.4 84.8 550 250 295 82.1 80.6 80.8 4,461,290 2,220,225 2,241,070 90.1 91.2 89.0
French only 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,785 810 970 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and French 11,735 5,020 6,715 13.2 11.9 14.4 120 55 65 17.9 17.7 17.8 326,865 146,310 180,565 6.6 6.0 7.2
Neither English nor French 685 290 395 0.8 0.7 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 161,720 67,240 94,475 3.3 2.8 3.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 89,115 42,325 46,790 100.0 100.0 100.0 670 310 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,951,660 2,434,585 2,517,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 86,515 41,140 45,375 97.1 97.2 97.0 655 300 360 97.8 96.8 98.6 4,718,195 2,332,370 2,385,825 95.3 95.8 94.8
French 1,645 775 870 1.8 1.8 1.9 10 5 0 1.5 1.6 0.0 56,495 28,130 28,370 1.1 1.2 1.1
English and French 305 135 170 0.3 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,145 8,260 9,885 0.4 0.3 0.4
Neither English nor French 650 275 375 0.7 0.6 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 158,820 65,825 92,995 3.2 2.7 3.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 89,115 42,325 46,790 100.0 100.0 100.0 670 310 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,951,660 2,434,585 2,517,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 86,595 41,180 45,415 97.2 97.3 97.1 670 300 365 100.0 96.8 100.0 4,761,600 2,343,570 2,418,030 96.2 96.3 96.1
Official languages 73,880 35,655 38,230 82.9 84.2 81.7 615 280 335 91.8 90.3 91.8 3,382,455 1,699,060 1,683,395 68.3 69.8 66.9
English 72,220 34,875 37,345 81.0 82.4 79.8 605 280 325 90.3 90.3 89.0 3,325,035 1,670,420 1,654,615 67.1 68.6 65.7
French 1,655 780 880 1.9 1.8 1.9 10 5 0 1.5 1.6 0.0 57,420 28,645 28,780 1.2 1.2 1.1
Non-official languages 12,715 5,530 7,190 14.3 13.1 15.4 55 20 35 8.2 6.5 9.6 1,379,145 644,515 734,630 27.9 26.5 29.2
Indigenous languages39 50 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,490 2,600 2,890 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquian languages 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820 390 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 630 310 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 620 305 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 75 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 55 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 150 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 65 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 55 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 5 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,560 710 850 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,545 705 840 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 280 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 5 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 210 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,080 510 565 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 95 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 120 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 80 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,005 505 505 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 575 295 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 155 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 380 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 180 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 90 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 12,665 5,505 7,160 14.2 13.0 15.3 55 20 35 8.2 6.5 9.6 1,373,655 641,910 731,745 27.7 26.4 29.1
Afro-Asiatic languages 815 425 390 0.9 1.0 0.8 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 33,195 17,710 15,485 0.7 0.7 0.6
Berber languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 70 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 35 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 95 40 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,005 1,025 980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 165 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 55 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,590 805 785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 715 380 330 0.8 0.9 0.7 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 31,020 16,575 14,450 0.6 0.7 0.6
Amharic 65 25 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,620 790 835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 565 315 250 0.6 0.7 0.5 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 22,970 12,330 10,640 0.5 0.5 0.4
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,505 770 735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 295 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 405 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 35 25 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,260 1,275 980 0.0 0.1 0.0
Maltese 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 85 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,455 1,310 1,150 0.0 0.1 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 240 100 145 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34,145 15,270 18,875 0.7 0.6 0.7
Khmer (Cambodian) 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,530 670 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 220 85 135 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,560 14,580 17,985 0.7 0.6 0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 1,455 570 885 1.6 1.3 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 104,100 42,685 61,415 2.1 1.8 2.4
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 180 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,375 550 825 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 70 25 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,585 1,405 2,175 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 345 180 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,895 755 1,140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 105 45 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,325 2,650 3,675 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,080 1,730 2,345 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kankanaey 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 85 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 45 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 180 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 400 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 165 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 1,145 435 705 1.3 1.0 1.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 82,835 33,800 49,045 1.7 1.4 1.9
Waray-Waray 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 125 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 945 425 525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 925 465 460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 375 170 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 100 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 85 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 205 115 85 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,260 7,225 6,035 0.3 0.3 0.2
Kannada 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 565 290 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 105 65 40 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,740 2,590 2,155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,055 2,645 2,405 0.1 0.1 0.1
Telugu 50 20 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,810 1,650 1,160 0.1 0.1 0.0
Tulu 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 95 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 6,130 2,765 3,365 6.9 6.5 7.2 30 15 20 4.5 4.8 5.5 657,345 321,395 335,955 13.3 13.2 13.3
Albanian 45 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,645 850 795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,350 650 695 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 1,195 485 705 1.3 1.1 1.5 10 5 0 1.5 1.6 0.0 81,655 37,525 44,135 1.6 1.5 1.8
Baltic languages 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,065 475 595 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 250 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 525 220 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 1,160 475 685 1.3 1.1 1.5 10 5 0 1.5 1.6 0.0 80,590 37,050 43,540 1.6 1.5 1.7
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,025 960 1,065 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 100 40 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,855 2,770 3,090 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 315 135 180 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,810 7,190 8,625 0.3 0.3 0.3
Russian 350 145 200 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,660 12,825 15,835 0.6 0.5 0.6
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 160 55 110 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,425 8,055 8,365 0.3 0.3 0.3
Bosnian 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,655 805 855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 75 25 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,805 3,255 3,545 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 70 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,665 3,855 3,815 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 145 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,275 1,475 1,805 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovene (Slovenian) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 950 430 520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 150 50 95 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,120 3,120 4,000 0.1 0.1 0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 225 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 60 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 100 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 1,465 585 885 1.6 1.4 1.9 15 10 10 2.2 3.2 2.7 84,375 39,695 44,675 1.7 1.6 1.8
Frisian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 95 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 935 350 590 1.0 0.8 1.3 10 5 5 1.5 1.6 1.4 53,255 24,820 28,435 1.1 1.0 1.1
German 890 330 555 1.0 0.8 1.2 10 5 5 1.5 1.6 1.4 50,695 23,575 27,125 1.0 1.0 1.1
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,330 1,130 1,205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 110 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 390 170 220 0.4 0.4 0.5 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 23,295 11,250 12,040 0.5 0.5 0.5
Afrikaans 45 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,700 1,830 1,870 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dutch 325 140 190 0.4 0.3 0.4 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 17,345 8,325 9,020 0.4 0.3 0.4
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 100 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,580 775 810 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 165 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 140 60 75 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,530 3,465 4,060 0.2 0.1 0.2
Danish 50 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,625 1,700 1,925 0.1 0.1 0.1
Icelandic 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 100 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,520 720 795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 40 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,175 940 1,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 60 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 65 35 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,545 2,925 2,625 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 1,495 770 720 1.7 1.8 1.5 5 0 0 0.7 0.0 0.0 368,635 184,325 184,310 7.4 7.6 7.3
Indo-Aryan languages 1,080 575 510 1.2 1.4 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 306,465 153,205 153,260 6.2 6.3 6.1
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 85 50 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,765 2,640 2,125 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 80 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,250 4,130 4,120 0.2 0.2 0.2
Hindi 255 150 105 0.3 0.4 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,390 16,270 16,120 0.7 0.7 0.6
Kacchi 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,195 510 680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 50 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 145 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,605 840 770 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,725 900 825 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 405 200 210 0.5 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240,865 119,945 120,915 4.9 4.9 4.8
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 155 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,935 960 970 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 140 75 60 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,210 6,195 6,015 0.2 0.3 0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 325 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 415 200 215 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 62,135 31,100 31,030 1.3 1.3 1.2
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,775 1,510 1,265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Parsi 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 85 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,365 760 600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 375 175 205 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,700 28,670 29,030 1.2 1.2 1.2
Dari 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,005 2,965 3,045 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian Persian 315 140 175 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 46,395 23,045 23,355 0.9 0.9 0.9
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,295 2,665 2,630 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 1,845 855 990 2.1 2.0 2.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 113,685 55,180 58,505 2.3 2.3 2.3
Catalan 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 115 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 220 100 120 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,805 10,000 9,800 0.4 0.4 0.4
Portuguese 430 195 235 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,320 11,490 12,840 0.5 0.5 0.5
Romanian 90 45 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,775 4,250 4,525 0.2 0.2 0.2
Spanish 1,100 520 585 1.2 1.2 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60,465 29,260 31,205 1.2 1.2 1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 485 120 365 0.5 0.3 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,030 7,135 14,895 0.4 0.3 0.6
Korean 505 210 295 0.6 0.5 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,935 26,815 33,125 1.2 1.1 1.3
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 435 185 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 110 55 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,910 2,455 2,455 0.1 0.1 0.1
Akan (Twi) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 300 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 75 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 150 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 145 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 50 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 100 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 170 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,090 520 570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 305 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 735 360 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 215 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 120 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000 560 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 895 500 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 2,200 935 1,265 2.5 2.2 2.7 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 419,855 189,740 230,115 8.5 7.8 9.1
Chinese languages 2,175 925 1,250 2.4 2.2 2.7 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 417,290 188,495 228,795 8.4 7.7 9.1
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,080 895 1,185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 1,065 420 640 1.2 1.0 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205,205 91,455 113,750 4.1 3.8 4.5
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 30 5 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,780 5,240 6,540 0.2 0.2 0.3
Wu (Shanghainese) 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,200 1,405 1,795 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yue (Cantonese) 1,015 465 550 1.1 1.1 1.2 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 192,140 88,195 103,945 3.9 3.6 4.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 45 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,560 1,155 1,405 0.1 0.0 0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 60 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,485 1,205 1,280 0.1 0.0 0.1
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015 485 535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 90 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 725 345 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 305 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 215 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 75 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 140 45 95 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,395 1,380 3,015 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lao 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,100 525 580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 135 40 95 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,170 800 2,365 0.1 0.0 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 50 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 100 60 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,055 3,325 2,730 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 345 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 40 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 100 60 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,765 2,685 2,080 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 120 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 65 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 220 85 135 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,275 5,160 6,115 0.2 0.2 0.2
Estonian 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 575 235 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 65 20 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,005 1,240 1,760 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hungarian 145 65 75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,700 3,685 4,015 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 70 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 2,515 1,145 1,375 2.8 2.7 2.9 5 5 0 0.7 1.6 0.0 190,055 91,010 99,040 3.8 3.7 3.9
English and French 555 240 320 0.6 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,320 8,415 8,905 0.3 0.3 0.4
English and non-official language(s) 1,670 775 895 1.9 1.8 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150,730 72,755 77,980 3.0 3.0 3.1
French and non-official language(s) 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,395 1,135 1,260 0.0 0.0 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 65 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,960 1,335 1,630 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 180 80 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,645 7,375 9,270 0.3 0.3 0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 89,115 42,325 46,790 100.0 100.0 100.0 670 310 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,951,660 2,434,585 2,517,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 75,005 35,990 39,010 84.2 85.0 83.4 620 285 335 92.5 91.9 91.8 3,491,395 1,745,260 1,746,140 70.5 71.7 69.4
French 315 155 165 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,050 5,420 5,625 0.2 0.2 0.2
Non-official language 2,660 1,230 1,435 3.0 2.9 3.1 5 5 5 0.7 1.6 1.4 464,235 216,230 248,005 9.4 8.9 9.9
Indigenous39 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 320 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 2,655 1,220 1,430 3.0 2.9 3.1 5 5 5 0.7 1.6 1.4 463,590 215,910 247,685 9.4 8.9 9.8
English and French 1,440 625 820 1.6 1.5 1.8 10 5 5 1.5 1.6 1.4 42,645 19,975 22,670 0.9 0.8 0.9
English and non-official language(s) 8,910 3,970 4,940 10.0 9.4 10.6 30 15 20 4.5 4.8 5.5 880,090 419,520 460,570 17.8 17.2 18.3
French and non-official language(s) 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,065 480 585 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 505 230 280 0.6 0.5 0.6 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 21,610 9,790 11,820 0.4 0.4 0.5
Multiple non-official languages 250 115 135 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,565 17,910 21,660 0.8 0.7 0.9
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 89,115 42,325 46,790 100.0 100.0 100.0 670 310 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,951,660 2,434,585 2,517,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 87,105 41,410 45,700 97.7 97.8 97.7 670 310 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,753,615 2,340,025 2,413,590 96.0 96.1 95.9
Official languages 81,655 38,870 42,790 91.6 91.8 91.5 655 300 350 97.8 96.8 95.9 3,906,070 1,939,330 1,966,740 78.9 79.7 78.1
English 81,170 38,640 42,530 91.1 91.3 90.9 655 300 355 97.8 96.8 97.3 3,888,825 1,930,925 1,957,900 78.5 79.3 77.8
French 490 230 255 0.5 0.5 0.5 5 0 0 0.7 0.0 0.0 17,245 8,400 8,845 0.3 0.3 0.4
Non-official languages 5,455 2,540 2,915 6.1 6.0 6.2 15 5 5 2.2 1.6 1.4 847,550 400,695 446,850 17.1 16.5 17.8
Indigenous languages39 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,215 595 615 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 235 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 230 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 95 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 120 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 115 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 5,445 2,535 2,910 6.1 6.0 6.2 15 5 5 2.2 1.6 1.4 846,335 400,100 446,235 17.1 16.4 17.7
Afro-Asiatic languages 475 240 240 0.5 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,805 10,000 9,805 0.4 0.4 0.4
Berber languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 50 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,150 570 585 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 80 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 930 455 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 420 215 205 0.5 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,605 9,405 9,195 0.4 0.4 0.4
Amharic 45 10 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 345 415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 345 185 160 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,845 6,995 6,850 0.3 0.3 0.3
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,110 545 575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 195 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 600 290 310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 55 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,030 535 500 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,810 975 840 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 120 60 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,705 9,915 11,790 0.4 0.4 0.5
Khmer (Cambodian) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 780 360 425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 110 55 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,890 9,535 11,350 0.4 0.4 0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 795 360 435 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,720 24,615 30,105 1.1 1.0 1.2
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 260 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,735 780 950 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 865 390 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 70 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,280 1,480 1,795 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,375 675 700 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 45 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 195 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 55 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 670 300 370 0.8 0.7 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,380 20,305 25,080 0.9 0.8 1.0
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 65 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 175 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 430 200 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 110 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 110 50 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,005 4,180 3,825 0.2 0.2 0.2
Kannada 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 125 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,890 1,545 1,345 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,185 1,585 1,595 0.1 0.1 0.1
Telugu 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,645 895 750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 60 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 1,955 960 1,000 2.2 2.3 2.1 10 0 0 1.5 0.0 0.0 364,340 179,590 184,745 7.4 7.4 7.3
Albanian 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 690 345 345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 675 315 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 345 160 190 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,875 16,185 17,690 0.7 0.7 0.7
Baltic languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 115 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 70 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 345 155 190 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,650 16,070 17,580 0.7 0.7 0.7
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 900 430 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,760 875 890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 60 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,250 2,470 2,785 0.1 0.1 0.1
Russian 165 75 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,090 7,655 8,435 0.3 0.3 0.3
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 45 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,745 3,270 3,480 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 720 345 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 885 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,010 1,990 2,015 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,040 510 535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,630 755 870 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 120 50 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,280 5,870 6,410 0.2 0.2 0.3
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 85 35 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,805 3,690 4,115 0.2 0.2 0.2
German 80 35 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,320 3,455 3,865 0.1 0.1 0.2
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 480 230 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,785 1,850 1,930 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afrikaans 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,725 850 870 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,485 720 770 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 215 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 320 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 105 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 145 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,915 900 1,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 725 395 330 0.8 0.9 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 263,030 130,695 132,330 5.3 5.4 5.3
Indo-Aryan languages 495 275 215 0.6 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220,735 110,140 110,605 4.5 4.5 4.4
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,720 1,410 1,305 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,160 2,050 2,115 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hindi 125 80 50 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,670 8,855 8,815 0.4 0.4 0.4
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 455 185 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 780 400 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,120 570 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 180 100 80 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 184,065 91,825 92,240 3.7 3.8 3.7
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 60 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 940 445 495 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 90 45 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,235 4,095 4,135 0.2 0.2 0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 145 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 230 120 110 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,285 20,560 21,725 0.9 0.8 0.9
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,765 900 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 900 490 410 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 205 100 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,475 19,095 20,375 0.8 0.8 0.8
Dari 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,690 1,785 1,900 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian Persian 185 90 95 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,375 15,665 16,710 0.7 0.6 0.7
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,405 1,640 1,765 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 715 330 390 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51,830 25,240 26,590 1.0 1.0 1.1
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 45 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,475 1,930 2,545 0.1 0.1 0.1
Portuguese 210 95 120 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,670 6,055 6,615 0.3 0.2 0.3
Romanian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,620 1,740 1,885 0.1 0.1 0.1
Spanish 435 200 235 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,960 15,455 15,500 0.6 0.6 0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 165 55 110 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,220 4,190 6,035 0.2 0.2 0.2
Korean 320 145 175 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,525 20,925 24,600 0.9 0.9 1.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 115 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,485 705 780 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 85 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 60 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 375 175 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 80 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 105 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 75 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,720 970 745 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,390 790 605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 180 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 1,280 575 710 1.4 1.4 1.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310,860 141,235 169,630 6.3 5.8 6.7
Chinese languages 1,270 565 700 1.4 1.3 1.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 309,165 140,385 168,780 6.2 5.8 6.7
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 605 270 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 675 300 370 0.8 0.7 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 162,130 73,835 88,295 3.3 3.0 3.5
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,285 2,850 3,440 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wu (Shanghainese) 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,010 930 1,080 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 560 240 315 0.6 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 136,525 61,785 74,745 2.8 2.5 3.0
Chinese, n.o.s. 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,455 650 805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,665 830 835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 325 345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 85 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 270 260 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 475 240 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 130 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 55 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,570 655 915 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 235 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 55 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,010 390 620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 45 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,030 1,540 1,490 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 140 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 45 20 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,500 1,290 1,205 0.1 0.1 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 45 15 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,375 1,100 1,280 0.0 0.0 0.1
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 210 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,815 855 955 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 2,005 910 1,095 2.2 2.2 2.3 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 198,040 94,560 103,480 4.0 3.9 4.1
English and French 235 100 135 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,210 3,415 3,800 0.1 0.1 0.2
English and non-official language(s) 1,680 775 910 1.9 1.8 1.9 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 183,010 87,560 95,445 3.7 3.6 3.8
French and non-official language(s) 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 535 245 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,525 735 785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 45 20 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,760 2,605 3,160 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 89,115 42,325 46,790 100.0 100.0 100.0 670 310 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,951,660 2,434,585 2,517,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 79,630 38,125 41,500 89.4 90.1 88.7 630 295 335 94.0 95.2 91.8 4,130,200 2,045,235 2,084,970 83.4 84.0 82.8
English 2,310 1,070 1,235 2.6 2.5 2.6 5 5 5 0.7 1.6 1.4 304,845 147,605 157,245 6.2 6.1 6.2
French 1,135 490 640 1.3 1.2 1.4 10 5 5 1.5 1.6 1.4 34,575 15,995 18,575 0.7 0.7 0.7
Non-official language 4,730 2,020 2,710 5.3 4.8 5.8 20 10 10 3.0 3.2 2.7 379,250 176,935 202,310 7.7 7.3 8.0
Indigenous39 90 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,140 2,360 2,785 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 4,640 1,975 2,660 5.2 4.7 5.7 20 10 10 3.0 3.2 2.7 374,105 174,580 199,525 7.6 7.2 7.9
English and French 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,740 1,245 1,490 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and non-official language(s) 385 190 190 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 46,940 22,760 24,175 0.9 0.9 1.0
French and non-official language(s) 340 160 180 0.4 0.4 0.4 5 0 5 0.7 0.0 1.4 11,880 5,335 6,550 0.2 0.2 0.3
English, French and non-official language(s) 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 655 300 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 540 240 300 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,580 19,180 21,395 0.8 0.8 0.8
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 87,890 41,805 46,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 660 295 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,915,940 2,416,885 2,499,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 87,205 41,520 45,690 99.2 99.3 99.2 645 285 360 97.7 96.6 98.6 4,754,865 2,350,105 2,404,760 96.7 97.2 96.2
English 87,180 41,515 45,665 99.2 99.3 99.1 645 285 360 97.7 96.6 98.6 4,753,275 2,349,445 2,403,835 96.7 97.2 96.2
French 11,765 5,065 6,700 13.4 12.1 14.5 125 55 70 18.9 18.6 19.2 327,350 145,985 181,370 6.7 6.0 7.3
Non-official languages 20,225 9,275 10,950 23.0 22.2 23.8 105 40 65 15.9 13.6 17.8 1,780,325 838,795 941,525 36.2 34.7 37.7
Indigenous languages39 355 145 210 0.4 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,560 7,740 8,820 0.3 0.3 0.4
Algonquian languages 190 65 125 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,985 885 1,100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 20 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 70 30 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,450 675 775 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 70 30 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,425 660 770 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 25 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 45 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 435 195 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 80 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 745 360 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 15 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 125 35 85 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 175 260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 110 25 75 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 160 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 105 25 75 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 115 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,540 1,580 1,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,490 1,570 1,920 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,530 675 855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 100 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 95 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 125 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 125 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 40 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 855 395 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 120 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 80 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 25 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 100 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 25 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 90 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 60 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 90 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 100 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,145 2,450 2,695 0.1 0.1 0.1
Halkomelem 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,400 665 735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 590 285 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 270 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,060 475 580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 345 165 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 315 130 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 690 315 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 155 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 60 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,610 1,310 1,295 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,120 545 575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,080 585 500 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 455 205 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,145 965 1,180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 145 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 160 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 790 335 460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 685 300 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 165 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 140 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 19,930 9,170 10,760 22.7 21.9 23.4 105 40 65 15.9 13.6 17.8 1,764,475 831,400 933,075 35.9 34.4 37.3
Afro-Asiatic languages 1,280 655 625 1.5 1.6 1.4 10 10 0 1.5 3.4 0.0 50,895 27,105 23,785 1.0 1.1 1.0
Berber languages 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 140 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 90 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 315 155 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 135 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 115 45 70 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,745 1,470 1,275 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 65 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 280 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 45 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,215 1,180 1,030 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 1,205 625 585 1.4 1.5 1.3 10 10 0 1.5 3.4 0.0 48,405 25,830 22,570 1.0 1.1 0.9
Amharic 110 35 80 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,100 1,605 1,495 0.1 0.1 0.1
Arabic 880 485 400 1.0 1.2 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,595 19,250 16,355 0.7 0.8 0.7
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,270 1,165 1,100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 895 495 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,050 510 535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 380 190 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 180 90 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,995 3,570 3,430 0.1 0.1 0.1
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 130 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 65 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,435 1,890 1,550 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 345 130 215 0.4 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44,030 19,965 24,070 0.9 0.8 1.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,210 1,020 1,190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 295 100 195 0.3 0.2 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,975 19,020 22,950 0.9 0.8 0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 2,125 845 1,275 2.4 2.0 2.8 10 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.7 148,455 61,285 87,165 3.0 2.5 3.5
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 810 370 445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,655 655 1,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 75 30 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,995 2,485 3,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,020 500 525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,135 1,215 1,920 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ilocano 145 75 75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,285 4,555 6,725 0.2 0.2 0.3
Indonesian 70 25 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 10 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.7 6,810 3,175 3,640 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kankanaey 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 115 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 70 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 50 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,485 1,665 1,820 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550 675 875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 925 375 550 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 1,960 775 1,185 2.2 1.9 2.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 133,780 54,495 79,285 2.7 2.3 3.2
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 865 360 505 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 55 20 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,590 1,580 2,005 0.1 0.1 0.1
Creole languages 85 45 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,230 1,610 1,615 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haitian Creole 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 225 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 115 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 65 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,070 520 550 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 450 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 280 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 380 225 155 0.4 0.5 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,585 11,060 9,530 0.4 0.5 0.4
Kannada 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,615 885 735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 190 120 65 0.2 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,765 3,705 3,060 0.1 0.2 0.1
Tamil 80 45 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,740 5,125 4,610 0.2 0.2 0.2
Telugu 140 75 65 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,860 2,760 2,095 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 110 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 140 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 85 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 11,240 5,355 5,885 12.8 12.8 12.8 70 30 40 10.6 10.2 11.0 906,560 443,600 462,960 18.4 18.4 18.5
Albanian 75 45 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,195 1,045 1,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,600 765 830 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 1,625 760 860 1.8 1.8 1.9 25 15 15 3.8 5.1 4.1 101,395 47,765 53,630 2.1 2.0 2.1
Baltic languages 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,480 695 790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 730 330 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 750 365 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 1,590 750 840 1.8 1.8 1.8 25 15 15 3.8 5.1 4.1 100,340 47,265 53,075 2.0 2.0 2.1
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 140 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 40 25 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,475 1,190 1,285 0.1 0.0 0.1
Czech 125 50 80 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,935 3,815 4,115 0.2 0.2 0.2
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 260 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 355 170 185 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,640 9,130 10,510 0.4 0.4 0.4
Russian 620 300 320 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,390 19,800 22,590 0.9 0.8 0.9
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 295 140 155 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,625 10,790 10,835 0.4 0.4 0.4
Bosnian 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,150 1,540 1,605 0.1 0.1 0.1
Croatian 130 60 75 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,060 5,345 5,715 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbian 175 85 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,070 5,640 5,425 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 480 255 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 60 25 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,315 1,945 2,370 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovene (Slovenian) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,280 585 695 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 210 120 95 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,205 5,430 6,775 0.2 0.2 0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 50 35 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,675 1,430 1,245 0.1 0.1 0.0
Irish 30 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,665 920 745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 130 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 610 290 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 100 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 2,760 1,290 1,470 3.1 3.1 3.2 25 20 10 3.8 6.8 2.7 128,605 60,765 67,835 2.6 2.5 2.7
Frisian 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 375 210 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 1,950 915 1,045 2.2 2.2 2.3 20 20 0 3.0 6.8 0.0 86,275 41,190 45,085 1.8 1.7 1.8
German 1,915 900 1,015 2.2 2.2 2.2 20 20 0 3.0 6.8 0.0 84,325 40,275 44,050 1.7 1.7 1.8
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,030 1,415 1,620 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yiddish 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 480 225 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 605 250 350 0.7 0.6 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34,480 16,520 17,965 0.7 0.7 0.7
Afrikaans 115 65 50 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,755 5,050 4,705 0.2 0.2 0.2
Dutch 475 180 290 0.5 0.4 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,380 10,375 12,005 0.5 0.4 0.5
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 345 175 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,180 1,055 1,130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 405 200 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 295 165 130 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,425 5,520 6,910 0.3 0.2 0.3
Danish 95 60 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,950 2,235 2,720 0.1 0.1 0.1
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 130 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 105 65 40 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,125 1,420 1,710 0.1 0.1 0.1
Swedish 125 55 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,730 2,125 2,610 0.1 0.1 0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 135 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 90 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,005 4,630 4,375 0.2 0.2 0.2
Indo-Iranian languages 1,995 1,020 980 2.3 2.4 2.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 477,485 240,310 237,175 9.7 9.9 9.5
Indo-Aryan languages 1,585 825 770 1.8 2.0 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 406,375 204,750 201,625 8.3 8.5 8.1
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 130 65 65 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,565 3,480 3,080 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 120 70 60 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,340 7,060 7,280 0.3 0.3 0.3
Hindi 830 475 355 0.9 1.1 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 134,950 67,645 67,300 2.7 2.8 2.7
Kacchi 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,925 1,295 1,630 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 95 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 775 400 370 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 115 45 70 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,555 1,910 1,645 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,445 1,270 1,180 0.0 0.1 0.0
Oriya languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 90 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 575 275 290 0.7 0.7 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 315,000 158,625 156,375 6.4 6.6 6.3
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 350 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,440 1,630 1,810 0.1 0.1 0.1
Urdu 295 140 155 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,780 13,590 12,190 0.5 0.6 0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,645 855 785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 440 220 225 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73,745 37,010 36,730 1.5 1.5 1.5
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 85 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,875 2,110 1,760 0.1 0.1 0.1
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 115 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 40 30 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,645 1,545 1,105 0.1 0.1 0.0
Persian languages 400 190 215 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68,960 34,500 34,460 1.4 1.4 1.4
Dari 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,235 4,005 4,230 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian Persian 355 170 185 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55,745 27,930 27,815 1.1 1.2 1.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,780 2,995 2,785 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 135 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 135 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 5,290 2,460 2,830 6.0 5.9 6.1 25 0 20 3.8 0.0 5.5 211,725 100,750 110,975 4.3 4.2 4.4
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 565 270 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 830 325 505 0.9 0.8 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,370 17,200 19,170 0.7 0.7 0.8
Portuguese 620 310 315 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,005 16,050 16,955 0.7 0.7 0.7
Romanian 60 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,210 5,470 5,745 0.2 0.2 0.2
Spanish 4,160 1,990 2,170 4.7 4.8 4.7 20 0 15 3.0 0.0 4.1 143,900 68,245 75,660 2.9 2.8 3.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 35 25 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 655 380 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 135 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 1,065 410 660 1.2 1.0 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,835 17,590 24,240 0.9 0.7 1.0
Korean 695 320 375 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 69,935 31,335 38,600 1.4 1.3 1.5
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 565 250 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 270 135 135 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,290 6,795 6,495 0.3 0.3 0.3
Akan (Twi) 50 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,365 695 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 85 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 155 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 125 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 205 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 35 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 980 485 490 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 605 280 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 475 260 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 90 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 130 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 725 345 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 60 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 95 45 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,205 2,735 2,475 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 95 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,815 935 880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 40 35 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,275 1,215 1,060 0.0 0.1 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 315 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 490 235 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 75 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 280 90 185 0.3 0.2 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,965 3,150 4,815 0.2 0.1 0.2
American Sign Language 240 65 175 0.3 0.2 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,020 2,700 4,320 0.1 0.1 0.2
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 50 30 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,105 515 595 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 2,670 1,200 1,470 3.0 2.9 3.2 10 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.7 491,660 225,430 266,230 10.0 9.3 10.7
Chinese languages 2,625 1,170 1,450 3.0 2.8 3.1 10 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.7 488,465 223,825 264,650 9.9 9.3 10.6
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,615 1,645 1,970 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mandarin 1,560 685 880 1.8 1.6 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 312,625 140,985 171,640 6.4 5.8 6.9
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 90 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 45 20 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,065 10,615 13,450 0.5 0.4 0.5
Wu (Shanghainese) 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,760 2,020 2,740 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yue (Cantonese) 1,360 600 755 1.5 1.4 1.6 10 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.7 246,045 112,580 133,465 5.0 4.7 5.3
Chinese, n.o.s. 50 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,215 1,025 1,190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 135 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 50 35 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,375 1,710 1,665 0.1 0.1 0.1
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,730 870 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 130 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 375 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 705 340 365 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 35 25 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 590 320 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 150 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 95 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 165 55 110 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,725 2,635 4,085 0.1 0.1 0.2
Lao 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,635 735 900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 160 55 110 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,310 1,960 3,350 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 85 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 215 105 110 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,910 5,605 5,305 0.2 0.2 0.2
Azerbaijani 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,665 880 790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 70 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 195 100 100 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,230 4,805 4,425 0.2 0.2 0.2
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 115 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 135 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 125 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 315 165 155 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,510 6,345 7,165 0.3 0.3 0.3
Estonian 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 310 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 95 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,635 1,675 1,960 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hungarian 195 110 80 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,230 4,395 4,840 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 285 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 87,890 41,810 46,085 100.0 100.0 100.0 660 295 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,915,945 2,416,885 2,499,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous identity45 4,365 1,935 2,425 5.0 4.6 5.3 15 0 15 2.3 0.0 4.1 290,210 141,210 148,995 5.9 5.8 6.0
Single Indigenous responses46 4,160 1,865 2,295 4.7 4.5 5.0 15 0 15 2.3 0.0 4.1 279,670 136,400 143,265 5.7 5.6 5.7
First Nations (North American Indian) 2,345 1,120 1,220 2.7 2.7 2.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180,085 87,860 92,225 3.7 3.6 3.7
Métis 1,785 735 1,050 2.0 1.8 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,860 47,745 50,120 2.0 2.0 2.0
Inuk (Inuit) 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,720 795 925 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses47 135 40 95 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,980 2,730 3,245 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 70 40 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,560 2,075 2,485 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous identity 83,530 39,870 43,655 95.0 95.4 94.7 650 295 355 98.5 100.0 95.9 4,625,735 2,275,675 2,350,060 94.1 94.2 94.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 87,890 41,810 46,085 100.0 100.0 100.0 660 295 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,915,945 2,416,885 2,499,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian49 1,530 730 805 1.7 1.7 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 136,875 66,610 70,265 2.8 2.8 2.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 86,360 41,080 45,275 98.3 98.3 98.2 660 295 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,779,065 2,350,275 2,428,790 97.2 97.2 97.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Owner 19,455 ... ... 39.5 ... ... 150 ... ... 56.6 ... ... 1,363,190 ... ... 66.8 ... ...
Renter 29,765 ... ... 60.5 ... ... 115 ... ... 43.4 ... ... 669,450 ... ... 32.8 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 9,190 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Condominium 15,085 ... ... 30.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 482,755 ... ... 23.6 ... ...
Not condominium 34,140 ... ... 69.4 ... ... 260 ... ... 98.1 ... ... 1,559,075 ... ... 76.4 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
No bedrooms 2,265 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 30,855 ... ... 1.5 ... ...
1 bedroom 19,425 ... ... 39.5 ... ... 50 ... ... 18.9 ... ... 354,020 ... ... 17.3 ... ...
2 bedrooms 17,385 ... ... 35.3 ... ... 65 ... ... 24.5 ... ... 569,180 ... ... 27.9 ... ...
3 bedrooms 6,435 ... ... 13.1 ... ... 90 ... ... 34.0 ... ... 539,910 ... ... 26.4 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 3,710 ... ... 7.5 ... ... 55 ... ... 20.8 ... ... 547,870 ... ... 26.8 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 31,515 ... ... 64.0 ... ... 80 ... ... 30.2 ... ... 766,380 ... ... 37.5 ... ...
5 rooms 6,935 ... ... 14.1 ... ... 35 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 300,895 ... ... 14.7 ... ...
6 rooms 3,760 ... ... 7.6 ... ... 20 ... ... 7.5 ... ... 248,045 ... ... 12.1 ... ...
7 rooms 2,515 ... ... 5.1 ... ... 35 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 205,105 ... ... 10.0 ... ...
8 or more rooms 4,495 ... ... 9.1 ... ... 95 ... ... 35.8 ... ... 521,410 ... ... 25.5 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 4.3 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 5.8 ... ... 5.8 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 48,460 ... ... 98.4 ... ... 260 ... ... 98.1 ... ... 1,984,655 ... ... 97.2 ... ...
More than one person per room 765 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 57,180 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Suitable 46,495 ... ... 94.5 ... ... 240 ... ... 90.6 ... ... 1,919,140 ... ... 94.0 ... ...
Not suitable 2,725 ... ... 5.5 ... ... 30 ... ... 11.3 ... ... 122,700 ... ... 6.0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1960 or before 15,050 ... ... 30.6 ... ... 210 ... ... 79.2 ... ... 256,175 ... ... 12.5 ... ...
1961 to 1980 16,265 ... ... 33.0 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 550,690 ... ... 27.0 ... ...
1981 to 1990 4,655 ... ... 9.5 ... ... 25 ... ... 9.4 ... ... 289,940 ... ... 14.2 ... ...
1991 to 2000 4,475 ... ... 9.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 336,315 ... ... 16.5 ... ...
2001 to 2005 1,590 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 122,855 ... ... 6.0 ... ...
2006 to 2010 2,260 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 164,165 ... ... 8.0 ... ...
2011 to 2015 1,780 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 135,725 ... ... 6.6 ... ...
2016 to 202157 3,145 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 185,965 ... ... 9.1 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 46,175 ... ... 93.8 ... ... 255 ... ... 96.2 ... ... 1,922,640 ... ... 94.2 ... ...
Major repairs needed 3,045 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 119,195 ... ... 5.8 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-maintainer household 29,905 ... ... 60.8 ... ... 80 ... ... 30.2 ... ... 1,003,245 ... ... 49.1 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 17,620 ... ... 35.8 ... ... 160 ... ... 60.4 ... ... 904,960 ... ... 44.3 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 1,700 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 25 ... ... 9.4 ... ... 133,630 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 49,225 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
15 to 24 years 2,750 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 57,980 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
25 to 34 years 9,980 ... ... 20.3 ... ... 35 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 282,195 ... ... 13.8 ... ...
35 to 44 years 8,295 ... ... 16.9 ... ... 45 ... ... 17.0 ... ... 343,380 ... ... 16.8 ... ...
45 to 54 years 6,825 ... ... 13.9 ... ... 75 ... ... 28.3 ... ... 354,340 ... ... 17.4 ... ...
55 to 64 years 7,660 ... ... 15.6 ... ... 50 ... ... 18.9 ... ... 407,735 ... ... 20.0 ... ...
65 to 74 years 8,150 ... ... 16.6 ... ... 30 ... ... 11.3 ... ... 347,335 ... ... 17.0 ... ...
75 to 84 years 4,140 ... ... 8.4 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 182,155 ... ... 8.9 ... ...
85 years and over 1,425 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 66,710 ... ... 3.3 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 49,045 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 260 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,988,210 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 32,375 ... ... 66.0 ... ... 170 ... ... 65.4 ... ... 1,481,365 ... ... 74.5 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 16,675 ... ... 34.0 ... ... 90 ... ... 34.6 ... ... 506,850 ... ... 25.5 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 14,890 ... ... 30.4 ... ... 85 ... ... 32.7 ... ... 434,390 ... ... 21.8 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 49,220 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 2,041,830 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 20,495 ... ... 41.6 ... ... 115 ... ... 43.4 ... ... 683,985 ... ... 33.5 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 14,935 ... ... 30.3 ... ... 75 ... ... 28.3 ... ... 451,550 ... ... 22.1 ... ...
Not suitable only 1,805 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 89,300 ... ... 4.4 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 1,870 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 80,200 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 715 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 23,945 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 975 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 29,585 ... ... 1.4 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 150 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 7,640 ... ... 0.4 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 60 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,770 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
Acceptable housing 28,725 ... ... 58.4 ... ... 150 ... ... 56.6 ... ... 1,357,845 ... ... 66.5 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 47,260 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 255 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,915,755 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
In core need 9,160 ... ... 19.4 ... ... 40 ... ... 15.7 ... ... 257,090 ... ... 13.4 ... ...
Not in core need 38,100 ... ... 80.6 ... ... 215 ... ... 84.3 ... ... 1,658,665 ... ... 86.6 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 19,455 ... ... ... ... ... 150 ... ... ... ... ... 1,330,795 ... ... ... ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 56.1 ... ... 56.1 ... ... 53.3 ... ... 53.3 ... ... 57.5 ... ... 57.5 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 21.5 ... ... 21.5 ... ... 20.0 ... ... 20.0 ... ... 19.3 ... ... 19.3 ... ...
% in core housing need63 8.3 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 8.0 ... ... 8.0 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,310 ... ... 1,310 ... ... 1,980 ... ... 1,980 ... ... 1,320 ... ... 1,320 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,586 ... ... 1,586 ... ... 1,920 ... ... 1,920 ... ... 1,668 ... ... 1,668 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 750,000 ... ... 750,000 ... ... 1,200,000 ... ... 1,200,000 ... ... 785,000 ... ... 785,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 821,000 ... ... 821,000 ... ... 1,220,000 ... ... 1,220,000 ... ... 983,000 ... ... 983,000 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 29,765 ... ... ... ... ... 110 ... ... ... ... ... 663,870 ... ... ... ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 11.2 ... ... 11.2 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 11.0 ... ... 11.0 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 42.2 ... ... 42.2 ... ... 59.1 ... ... 59.1 ... ... 37.8 ... ... 37.8 ... ...
% in core housing need63 26.8 ... ... 26.8 ... ... 35.0 ... ... 35.0 ... ... 24.7 ... ... 24.7 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,300 ... ... 1,300 ... ... 1,450 ... ... 1,450 ... ... 1,370 ... ... 1,370 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,378 ... ... 1,378 ... ... 1,800 ... ... 1,800 ... ... 1,494 ... ... 1,494 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... ... ... ... 0 ... ... ... ... ... 9,190 ... ... ... ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 11.4 ... ... 11.4 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 368 ... ... 368 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 446 ... ... 446 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 87,890 41,810 46,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 665 290 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,915,940 2,416,885 2,499,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 1,190 530 665 1.4 1.3 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120,245 59,370 60,880 2.4 2.5 2.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 1,170 525 650 1.3 1.3 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 118,210 58,475 59,730 2.4 2.4 2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 980 445 535 1.1 1.1 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100,805 49,745 51,060 2.1 2.1 2.0
Métis single ancestry 185 75 110 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,830 8,485 8,350 0.3 0.4 0.3
Inuit single ancestry 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 570 245 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,040 890 1,145 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,870 830 1,040 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 15 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 4,060 1,860 2,200 4.6 4.4 4.8 15 0 15 2.3 0.0 4.1 191,640 92,300 99,335 3.9 3.8 4.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 3,885 1,795 2,095 4.4 4.3 4.5 15 0 15 2.3 0.0 4.1 184,975 89,155 95,825 3.8 3.7 3.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 2,715 1,330 1,385 3.1 3.2 3.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 123,735 59,635 64,100 2.5 2.5 2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 1,150 455 690 1.3 1.1 1.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,905 28,840 31,070 1.2 1.2 1.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 680 655 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 175 65 110 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,665 3,145 3,515 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 165 65 100 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,390 3,035 3,360 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 60 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 50 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 82,640 39,425 43,215 94.0 94.3 93.8 650 290 355 97.7 100.0 95.9 4,604,055 2,265,220 2,338,840 93.7 93.7 93.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 87,890 41,810 46,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 660 290 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,915,940 2,416,885 2,499,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian citizens77 80,110 38,110 41,995 91.1 91.2 91.1 625 275 345 94.7 94.8 93.2 4,359,045 2,149,325 2,209,725 88.7 88.9 88.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18 9,315 4,640 4,680 10.6 11.1 10.2 110 45 70 16.7 15.5 18.9 812,305 418,815 393,495 16.5 17.3 15.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 70,785 33,470 37,320 80.5 80.1 81.0 510 235 280 77.3 81.0 75.7 3,546,745 1,730,505 1,816,235 72.1 71.6 72.7
Not Canadian citizens78 7,785 3,700 4,085 8.9 8.8 8.9 40 20 20 6.1 6.9 5.4 556,895 267,560 289,330 11.3 11.1 11.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 87,890 41,810 46,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 660 290 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,915,940 2,416,885 2,499,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-immigrants80 67,650 32,350 35,300 77.0 77.4 76.6 545 240 305 82.6 82.8 82.4 3,319,230 1,663,815 1,655,410 67.5 68.8 66.2
Immigrants81 17,580 8,145 9,430 20.0 19.5 20.5 115 50 65 17.4 17.2 17.6 1,425,710 665,630 760,085 29.0 27.5 30.4
Before 1980 5,690 2,560 3,130 6.5 6.1 6.8 10 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.7 280,160 133,415 146,745 5.7 5.5 5.9
1980 to 1990 1,660 835 830 1.9 2.0 1.8 10 0 0 1.5 0.0 0.0 164,445 76,815 87,630 3.3 3.2 3.5
1991 to 2000 2,335 1,050 1,290 2.7 2.5 2.8 30 20 10 4.5 6.9 2.7 299,115 137,275 161,840 6.1 5.7 6.5
2001 to 2010 2,930 1,365 1,565 3.3 3.3 3.4 30 10 15 4.5 3.4 4.1 316,915 145,825 171,090 6.4 6.0 6.8
2011 to 202182 4,960 2,330 2,625 5.6 5.6 5.7 30 15 15 4.5 5.2 4.1 365,075 172,295 192,780 7.4 7.1 7.7
2011 to 2015 1,895 870 1,025 2.2 2.1 2.2 20 10 10 3.0 3.4 2.7 167,650 78,200 89,450 3.4 3.2 3.6
2016 to 2021 3,070 1,465 1,600 3.5 3.5 3.5 15 10 0 2.3 3.4 0.0 197,425 94,095 103,325 4.0 3.9 4.1
Non-permanent residents83 2,660 1,310 1,345 3.0 3.1 2.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 171,000 87,440 83,560 3.5 3.6 3.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 17,580 8,145 9,435 100.0 100.0 100.0 110 50 60 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,425,715 665,630 760,085 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years 1,870 905 960 10.6 11.1 10.2 10 0 10 9.1 0.0 16.7 117,555 59,560 57,995 8.2 8.9 7.6
5 to 14 years 2,890 1,540 1,350 16.4 18.9 14.3 10 0 0 9.1 0.0 0.0 226,910 116,660 110,250 15.9 17.5 14.5
15 to 24 years 3,040 1,325 1,710 17.3 16.3 18.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275,435 124,860 150,575 19.3 18.8 19.8
25 to 44 years 8,255 3,725 4,530 47.0 45.7 48.0 70 30 40 63.6 60.0 66.7 639,200 288,950 350,255 44.8 43.4 46.1
45 years and over 1,525 645 885 8.7 7.9 9.4 15 10 10 13.6 20.0 16.7 166,605 75,600 91,010 11.7 11.4 12.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 17,580 8,145 9,435 100.0 100.0 100.0 110 50 60 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,425,715 665,630 760,085 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 3,175 1,435 1,740 18.1 17.6 18.4 20 0 20 18.2 0.0 33.3 126,075 58,445 67,635 8.8 8.8 8.9
Brazil 110 65 50 0.6 0.8 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,765 4,120 4,645 0.6 0.6 0.6
Colombia 125 60 60 0.7 0.7 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,450 2,440 3,010 0.4 0.4 0.4
El Salvador 55 25 30 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,770 2,990 2,780 0.4 0.4 0.4
Guyana 25 0 20 0.1 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,400 585 815 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haiti 20 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 490 285 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 105 55 45 0.6 0.7 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,295 2,190 2,105 0.3 0.3 0.3
Mexico 245 110 130 1.4 1.4 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,385 5,910 7,480 0.9 0.9 1.0
Peru 35 15 20 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,510 1,535 1,975 0.2 0.2 0.3
Trinidad and Tobago 40 0 35 0.2 0.0 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,725 1,255 1,470 0.2 0.2 0.2
United States of America 1,945 855 1,090 11.1 10.5 11.6 20 0 20 18.2 0.0 33.3 59,920 27,535 32,380 4.2 4.1 4.3
Other places of birth in Americas 475 230 245 2.7 2.8 2.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,355 9,600 10,760 1.4 1.4 1.4
Europe 6,655 3,190 3,465 37.9 39.2 36.7 75 40 40 68.2 80.0 66.7 307,495 151,050 156,445 21.6 22.7 20.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina 30 10 20 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,510 2,205 2,305 0.3 0.3 0.3
Croatia 40 10 30 0.2 0.1 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,390 2,670 2,725 0.4 0.4 0.4
France 160 80 85 0.9 1.0 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,025 3,650 3,380 0.5 0.5 0.4
Germany 590 250 340 3.4 3.1 3.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,910 14,710 16,200 2.2 2.2 2.1
Greece 30 20 15 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,350 1,895 1,460 0.2 0.3 0.2
Hungary 100 60 45 0.6 0.7 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,115 2,395 2,720 0.4 0.4 0.4
Italy 135 75 65 0.8 0.9 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,410 6,920 6,490 0.9 1.0 0.9
Netherlands 315 115 205 1.8 1.4 2.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,070 7,985 8,085 1.1 1.2 1.1
Poland 270 145 120 1.5 1.8 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,305 6,610 7,700 1.0 1.0 1.0
Portugal 80 35 50 0.5 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,785 3,765 4,020 0.5 0.6 0.5
Romania 95 50 40 0.5 0.6 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,370 4,490 4,885 0.7 0.7 0.6
Russian Federation 255 115 140 1.5 1.4 1.5 10 10 0 9.1 20.0 0.0 12,170 5,240 6,930 0.9 0.8 0.9
Serbia86 95 45 50 0.5 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,565 2,275 2,285 0.3 0.3 0.3
Ukraine 95 60 35 0.5 0.7 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,450 4,390 5,060 0.7 0.7 0.7
United Kingdom87 3,505 1,740 1,765 19.9 21.4 18.7 45 15 30 40.9 30.0 50.0 116,525 58,485 58,045 8.2 8.8 7.6
Other places of birth in Europe 860 400 460 4.9 4.9 4.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47,545 23,380 24,170 3.3 3.5 3.2
Africa 1,055 520 535 6.0 6.4 5.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,330 27,245 26,085 3.7 4.1 3.4
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 325 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,005 540 465 0.1 0.1 0.1
Egypt 55 45 0 0.3 0.6 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,310 1,900 1,410 0.2 0.3 0.2
Eritrea 55 25 25 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,485 1,440 1,050 0.2 0.2 0.1
Ethiopia 110 35 80 0.6 0.4 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,590 1,305 1,285 0.2 0.2 0.2
Morocco 95 40 50 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,270 610 655 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nigeria 50 20 30 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,585 1,880 1,700 0.3 0.3 0.2
Somalia 20 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,240 625 620 0.1 0.1 0.1
South Africa, Republic of 260 120 140 1.5 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,380 7,710 7,670 1.1 1.2 1.0
Other places of birth in Africa 390 205 190 2.2 2.5 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,955 10,905 11,050 1.5 1.6 1.5
Asia 6,365 2,820 3,545 36.2 34.6 37.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 905,585 412,460 493,125 63.5 62.0 64.9
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,245 3,065 3,185 0.4 0.5 0.4
Iran88 260 135 125 1.5 1.7 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,970 23,175 22,795 3.2 3.5 3.0
Iraq 55 30 25 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,000 3,750 3,245 0.5 0.6 0.4
Lebanon 45 20 25 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,455 1,390 1,065 0.2 0.2 0.1
Syria89 185 115 75 1.1 1.4 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,545 3,420 3,130 0.5 0.5 0.4
Turkey 100 60 40 0.6 0.7 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,095 1,690 1,410 0.2 0.3 0.2
China90 1,110 485 625 6.3 6.0 6.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 217,970 94,905 123,065 15.3 14.3 16.2
Hong Kong91 210 90 115 1.2 1.1 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,855 36,815 42,035 5.5 5.5 5.5
Korea, South92 400 185 220 2.3 2.3 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47,520 21,345 26,180 3.3 3.2 3.4
Taiwan 110 40 70 0.6 0.5 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,445 18,100 22,340 2.8 2.7 2.9
Philippines 1,845 740 1,100 10.5 9.1 11.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 131,645 54,350 77,300 9.2 8.2 10.2
Viet Nam 210 90 120 1.2 1.1 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,390 14,475 17,915 2.3 2.2 2.4
Bangladesh 60 40 25 0.3 0.5 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,035 1,520 1,520 0.2 0.2 0.2
India 650 365 285 3.7 4.5 3.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 197,115 96,630 100,480 13.8 14.5 13.2
Pakistan 170 75 95 1.0 0.9 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,345 6,910 6,430 0.9 1.0 0.8
Sri Lanka 25 15 15 0.1 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,375 2,595 2,775 0.4 0.4 0.4
Other places of birth in Asia 925 335 590 5.3 4.1 6.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 66,580 28,320 38,260 4.7 4.3 5.0
Oceania and other places of birth93 335 180 155 1.9 2.2 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,225 16,430 16,800 2.3 2.5 2.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 3,070 1,465 1,605 100.0 100.0 100.0 15 10 0 100.0 100.0 0.0 197,420 94,095 103,330 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 470 205 265 15.3 14.0 16.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,835 10,990 11,850 11.6 11.7 11.5
Brazil 50 25 20 1.6 1.7 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,130 2,430 2,695 2.6 2.6 2.6
Colombia 25 0 20 0.8 0.0 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,075 495 580 0.5 0.5 0.6
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 20 0 10 0.7 0.0 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,005 515 490 0.5 0.5 0.5
Mexico 45 25 25 1.5 1.7 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,045 1,450 1,595 1.5 1.5 1.5
United States of America 255 105 150 8.3 7.2 9.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,760 4,325 4,430 4.4 4.6 4.3
Venezuela95 15 10 10 0.5 0.7 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 205 330 0.3 0.2 0.3
Other places of birth in Americas 65 30 30 2.1 2.0 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,265 1,545 1,720 1.7 1.6 1.7
Europe 475 270 210 15.5 18.4 13.1 10 0 0 66.7 0.0 0.0 25,290 13,375 11,920 12.8 14.2 11.5
France 35 20 15 1.1 1.4 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,730 935 795 0.9 1.0 0.8
Germany 50 25 25 1.6 1.7 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,380 680 705 0.7 0.7 0.7
Ireland96 40 20 15 1.3 1.4 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,420 1,485 935 1.2 1.6 0.9
Italy 15 15 0 0.5 1.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 995 555 445 0.5 0.6 0.4
Russian Federation 25 10 15 0.8 0.7 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,075 835 1,235 1.1 0.9 1.2
Ukraine 25 10 15 0.8 0.7 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,935 885 1,045 1.0 0.9 1.0
United Kingdom87 185 120 65 6.0 8.2 4.0 10 0 0 66.7 0.0 0.0 7,675 4,510 3,165 3.9 4.8 3.1
Other places of birth in Europe 110 55 55 3.6 3.8 3.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,090 3,490 3,605 3.6 3.7 3.5
Africa 300 125 180 9.8 8.5 11.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,465 5,545 4,915 5.3 5.9 4.8
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 35 75 0.1 0.0 0.1
Cameroon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 70 50 0.1 0.1 0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 340 205 140 0.2 0.2 0.1
Côte d'Ivoire 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 610 350 255 0.3 0.4 0.2
Eritrea 20 15 0 0.7 1.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,515 935 585 0.8 1.0 0.6
Ethiopia 50 15 40 1.6 1.0 2.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 620 340 275 0.3 0.4 0.3
Morocco 25 0 20 0.8 0.0 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 115 160 0.1 0.1 0.2
Nigeria 30 10 25 1.0 0.7 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,770 925 845 0.9 1.0 0.8
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 130 125 0.1 0.1 0.1
South Africa, Republic of 30 10 20 1.0 0.7 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,965 945 1,015 1.0 1.0 1.0
Sudan97 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 115 120 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tunisia 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 55 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other places of birth in Africa 115 55 60 3.7 3.8 3.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,420 1,245 1,180 1.2 1.3 1.1
Asia 1,750 810 940 57.0 55.3 58.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 134,395 61,590 72,805 68.1 65.5 70.5
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,325 700 625 0.7 0.7 0.6
Bangladesh 30 20 10 1.0 1.4 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 655 340 315 0.3 0.4 0.3
China90 160 50 110 5.2 3.4 6.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,450 13,060 18,390 15.9 13.9 17.8
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,515 1,125 1,390 1.3 1.2 1.3
India 300 155 140 9.8 10.6 8.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,390 20,140 19,245 20.0 21.4 18.6
Iran88 25 15 15 0.8 1.0 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,850 2,865 2,980 3.0 3.0 2.9
Iraq 35 15 20 1.1 1.0 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,545 840 705 0.8 0.9 0.7
Israel 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 605 365 240 0.3 0.4 0.2
Japan 55 10 45 1.8 0.7 2.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,090 500 1,590 1.1 0.5 1.5
Jordan 10 0 10 0.3 0.0 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 200 195 0.2 0.2 0.2
Korea, South92 90 35 55 2.9 2.4 3.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,220 2,935 4,280 3.7 3.1 4.1
Lebanon 10 0 10 0.3 0.0 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 175 215 0.2 0.2 0.2
Nepal 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 405 195 205 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pakistan 75 40 30 2.4 2.7 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,390 1,300 1,090 1.2 1.4 1.1
Philippines 585 265 325 19.1 18.1 20.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,220 9,170 12,055 10.7 9.7 11.7
Saudi Arabia 15 0 0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 565 340 230 0.3 0.4 0.2
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 710 330 380 0.4 0.4 0.4
Syria89 180 105 75 5.9 7.2 4.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,955 2,635 2,320 2.5 2.8 2.2
Turkey 35 30 0 1.1 2.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,025 615 410 0.5 0.7 0.4
United Arab Emirates 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 620 305 320 0.3 0.3 0.3
Viet Nam 30 10 15 1.0 0.7 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,845 995 1,850 1.4 1.1 1.8
Other places of birth in Asia 110 50 55 3.6 3.4 3.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,215 2,450 3,770 3.1 2.6 3.6
Oceania and other93 70 55 10 2.3 3.8 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,440 2,600 1,840 2.2 2.8 1.8
Australia 50 40 10 1.6 2.7 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,280 1,965 1,315 1.7 2.1 1.3
Other places of birth98 15 10 0 0.5 0.7 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,160 630 530 0.6 0.7 0.5
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 87,890 41,810 46,085 100.0 100.0 100.0 660 295 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,915,940 2,416,885 2,499,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
First generation100 22,125 10,340 11,780 25.2 24.7 25.6 140 65 80 21.2 22.0 21.9 1,657,625 783,205 874,415 33.7 32.4 35.0
Second generation101 19,390 9,125 10,270 22.1 21.8 22.3 215 90 120 32.6 30.5 32.9 1,068,600 536,615 531,985 21.7 22.2 21.3
Third generation or more102 46,375 22,345 24,035 52.8 53.4 52.2 305 135 170 46.2 45.8 46.6 2,189,720 1,097,065 1,092,655 44.5 45.4 43.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 11,890 5,580 6,305 100.0 100.0 100.0 95 50 50 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,145,550 532,215 613,340 100.0 100.0 100.0
Economic immigrants104 6,710 3,275 3,435 56.4 58.7 54.5 40 25 15 42.1 50.0 30.0 661,395 320,875 340,525 57.7 60.3 55.5
Principal applicants105 3,295 1,775 1,520 27.7 31.8 24.1 25 20 10 26.3 40.0 20.0 273,695 157,230 116,470 23.9 29.5 19.0
Secondary applicants106 3,410 1,495 1,920 28.7 26.8 30.5 10 0 10 10.5 0.0 20.0 387,700 163,640 224,055 33.8 30.7 36.5
Immigrants sponsored by family107 4,095 1,700 2,400 34.4 30.5 38.1 55 15 35 57.9 30.0 70.0 372,185 152,795 219,390 32.5 28.7 35.8
Refugees108 955 545 410 8.0 9.8 6.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,720 52,250 45,470 8.5 9.8 7.4
Other immigrants109 125 65 65 1.1 1.2 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,250 6,295 7,960 1.2 1.2 1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 11,890 5,580 6,305 100.0 100.0 100.0 95 50 50 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,145,550 532,215 613,340 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asylum claim before admission111 275 160 115 2.3 2.9 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,320 15,640 11,685 2.4 2.9 1.9
Work permits only before admission112 2,540 1,105 1,435 21.4 19.8 22.8 30 20 15 31.6 40.0 30.0 138,760 59,130 79,630 12.1 11.1 13.0
Study permits only before admission113 585 265 315 4.9 4.7 5.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,690 20,075 20,615 3.6 3.8 3.4
Work and study permits before admission114 1,075 475 595 9.0 8.5 9.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 71,860 33,525 38,335 6.3 6.3 6.3
Other permits before admission115 75 30 45 0.6 0.5 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,145 2,030 3,110 0.4 0.4 0.5
No pre-admission experience116 7,345 3,545 3,800 61.8 63.5 60.3 65 30 30 68.4 60.0 60.0 861,775 401,815 459,965 75.2 75.5 75.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 87,890 41,810 46,085 100.0 100.0 100.0 660 295 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,915,945 2,416,885 2,499,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total visible minority population118 14,860 6,980 7,880 16.9 16.7 17.1 35 10 25 5.3 3.4 6.8 1,689,490 810,165 879,325 34.4 33.5 35.2
South Asian 2,540 1,295 1,250 2.9 3.1 2.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 473,965 240,475 233,495 9.6 9.9 9.3
Chinese 3,075 1,455 1,620 3.5 3.5 3.5 15 0 10 2.3 0.0 2.7 550,590 257,590 293,000 11.2 10.7 11.7
Black 1,510 755 750 1.7 1.8 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61,760 31,965 29,790 1.3 1.3 1.2
Filipino 2,340 925 1,415 2.7 2.2 3.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 174,280 76,070 98,210 3.5 3.1 3.9
Arab 680 390 285 0.8 0.9 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,010 15,015 12,995 0.6 0.6 0.5
Latin American 1,120 515 605 1.3 1.2 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65,970 31,960 34,015 1.3 1.3 1.4
Southeast Asian 780 290 490 0.9 0.7 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 71,785 33,340 38,445 1.5 1.4 1.5
West Asian 445 215 235 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 69,270 34,800 34,470 1.4 1.4 1.4
Korean 675 325 350 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 72,815 33,390 39,425 1.5 1.4 1.6
Japanese 895 355 540 1.0 0.8 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44,120 18,335 25,790 0.9 0.8 1.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 210 120 95 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,080 8,935 9,145 0.4 0.4 0.4
Multiple visible minorities 590 340 255 0.7 0.8 0.6 10 0 0 1.5 0.0 0.0 58,840 28,295 30,540 1.2 1.2 1.2
Not a visible minority120 73,030 34,830 38,200 83.1 83.3 82.9 625 280 345 94.7 94.9 94.5 3,226,450 1,606,725 1,619,730 65.6 66.5 64.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 87,890 41,805 46,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 660 295 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,915,940 2,416,890 2,499,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian 7,335 3,745 3,590 8.3 9.0 7.8 90 40 45 13.6 13.6 12.3 459,320 236,305 223,015 9.3 9.8 8.9
English 26,790 12,640 14,150 30.5 30.2 30.7 250 105 140 37.9 35.6 38.4 1,019,250 499,340 519,910 20.7 20.7 20.8
Irish 18,205 8,225 9,980 20.7 19.7 21.7 150 60 90 22.7 20.3 24.7 627,920 297,705 330,215 12.8 12.3 13.2
Scottish 21,660 9,880 11,780 24.6 23.6 25.6 140 50 95 21.2 16.9 26.0 774,455 376,280 398,170 15.8 15.6 15.9
French, n.o.s.122 8,300 3,775 4,525 9.4 9.0 9.8 65 10 60 9.8 3.4 16.4 312,750 150,460 162,290 6.4 6.2 6.5
German 11,540 5,410 6,130 13.1 12.9 13.3 75 30 45 11.4 10.2 12.3 539,145 263,480 275,665 11.0 10.9 11.0
Chinese 3,285 1,545 1,735 3.7 3.7 3.8 25 10 20 3.8 3.4 5.5 517,805 242,015 275,785 10.5 10.0 11.0
Italian 3,205 1,435 1,770 3.6 3.4 3.8 20 0 10 3.0 0.0 2.7 162,485 81,275 81,205 3.3 3.4 3.2
Indian (India) 1,790 930 865 2.0 2.2 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275,975 138,885 137,090 5.6 5.7 5.5
Ukrainian 4,455 2,015 2,440 5.1 4.8 5.3 45 15 30 6.8 5.1 8.2 210,100 102,030 108,065 4.3 4.2 4.3
Dutch 4,030 1,815 2,210 4.6 4.3 4.8 55 10 45 8.3 3.4 12.3 189,985 94,390 95,600 3.9 3.9 3.8
Polish 3,240 1,525 1,715 3.7 3.6 3.7 35 15 20 5.3 5.1 5.5 134,635 63,780 70,850 2.7 2.6 2.8
Québécois 260 125 135 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,240 3,120 3,120 0.1 0.1 0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.123 5,785 2,735 3,055 6.6 6.5 6.6 55 25 30 8.3 8.5 8.2 191,025 94,050 96,980 3.9 3.9 3.9
Filipino 2,255 890 1,365 2.6 2.1 3.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 172,915 75,990 96,930 3.5 3.1 3.9
French Canadian 1,085 495 595 1.2 1.2 1.3 10 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.7 39,930 19,400 20,535 0.8 0.8 0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 1,940 980 960 2.2 2.3 2.1 30 25 10 4.5 8.5 2.7 82,175 42,475 39,700 1.7 1.8 1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 1,460 710 750 1.7 1.7 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,005 51,270 53,735 2.1 2.1 2.2
Métis 1,525 600 925 1.7 1.4 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85,205 41,265 43,930 1.7 1.7 1.8
European, n.o.s.126 2,410 1,160 1,245 2.7 2.8 2.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 102,475 51,755 50,715 2.1 2.1 2.0
Russian 2,195 990 1,195 2.5 2.4 2.6 15 10 0 2.3 3.4 0.0 121,755 58,460 63,295 2.5 2.4 2.5
Norwegian 3,030 1,340 1,690 3.4 3.2 3.7 35 20 15 5.3 6.8 4.1 137,170 65,790 71,385 2.8 2.7 2.9
Welsh 3,210 1,430 1,780 3.7 3.4 3.9 50 20 30 7.6 6.8 8.2 104,225 49,190 55,035 2.1 2.0 2.2
Portuguese 695 320 370 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,755 19,465 20,290 0.8 0.8 0.8
American 2,025 945 1,080 2.3 2.3 2.3 40 20 25 6.1 6.8 6.8 71,530 34,865 36,660 1.5 1.4 1.5
Spanish 1,015 440 575 1.2 1.1 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,365 25,030 29,335 1.1 1.0 1.2
Swedish 2,070 920 1,155 2.4 2.2 2.5 15 15 0 2.3 5.1 0.0 103,630 48,520 55,115 2.1 2.0 2.2
Hungarian 1,250 585 670 1.4 1.4 1.5 10 0 0 1.5 0.0 0.0 51,915 25,060 26,855 1.1 1.0 1.1
Acadian 335 165 175 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,025 3,455 3,575 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pakistani 190 80 110 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,050 9,780 9,275 0.4 0.4 0.4
African, n.o.s.127 450 245 205 0.5 0.6 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,520 9,370 9,150 0.4 0.4 0.4
Jewish 1,405 710 690 1.6 1.7 1.5 65 30 35 9.8 10.2 9.6 34,395 17,265 17,135 0.7 0.7 0.7
Punjabi 235 120 115 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 93,395 47,650 45,740 1.9 2.0 1.8
Vietnamese 410 170 245 0.5 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51,890 24,430 27,455 1.1 1.0 1.1
Arab, n.o.s.128 285 175 110 0.3 0.4 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,590 6,755 5,840 0.3 0.3 0.2
Greek 440 185 250 0.5 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,300 11,910 11,390 0.5 0.5 0.5
Jamaican 275 135 135 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,865 5,140 4,725 0.2 0.2 0.2
Asian, n.o.s.129 365 140 230 0.4 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47,650 22,170 25,480 1.0 0.9 1.0
Cree, n.o.s.130 550 230 315 0.6 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,875 11,715 13,160 0.5 0.5 0.5
Korean 675 340 340 0.8 0.8 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 72,025 33,110 38,915 1.5 1.4 1.6
Romanian 625 295 325 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,195 14,590 15,605 0.6 0.6 0.6
Lebanese 290 150 140 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,440 4,310 4,135 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian 395 185 210 0.4 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,390 24,720 24,675 1.0 1.0 1.0
Christian, n.i.e.131 220 130 85 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,865 6,995 6,870 0.3 0.3 0.3
Danish 1,385 610 775 1.6 1.5 1.7 15 0 10 2.3 0.0 2.7 54,865 26,740 28,130 1.1 1.1 1.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 495 285 215 0.6 0.7 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,140 11,670 12,470 0.5 0.5 0.5
Sikh 95 50 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 69,100 35,355 33,750 1.4 1.5 1.4
Austrian 1,090 515 575 1.2 1.2 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,280 21,810 23,465 0.9 0.9 0.9
Belgian 555 285 270 0.6 0.7 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,505 9,395 10,110 0.4 0.4 0.4
Haitian 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,215 640 575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindu 135 85 45 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,405 10,140 9,265 0.4 0.4 0.4
Mexican 440 230 210 0.5 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,445 14,140 14,305 0.6 0.6 0.6
Mennonite 330 165 165 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,925 10,530 10,395 0.4 0.4 0.4
Swiss 680 310 370 0.8 0.7 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,520 13,995 14,525 0.6 0.6 0.6
Finnish 805 395 415 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,680 16,290 17,390 0.7 0.7 0.7
Sri Lankan 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,440 3,210 3,235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Croatian 335 175 160 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,750 11,645 12,100 0.5 0.5 0.5
Japanese 1,015 410 605 1.2 1.0 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,640 23,430 31,215 1.1 1.0 1.2
South Asian, n.o.s.133 80 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,125 9,935 10,190 0.4 0.4 0.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 210 105 105 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,840 2,340 2,500 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.135 785 375 410 0.9 0.9 0.9 10 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.7 30,950 14,970 15,980 0.6 0.6 0.6
Muslim 45 20 20 0.1 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,220 4,150 4,065 0.2 0.2 0.2
Egyptian 140 80 60 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,810 3,125 2,685 0.1 0.1 0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 195 90 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,730 5,675 6,055 0.2 0.2 0.2
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,380 1,835 1,545 0.1 0.1 0.1
Icelandic 545 270 270 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,910 12,770 13,135 0.5 0.5 0.5
Colombian 185 80 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,315 3,555 3,760 0.1 0.1 0.2
Moroccan 120 50 75 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,020 980 1,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 520 250 270 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,425 10,920 11,505 0.5 0.5 0.5
Syrian 150 85 65 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,550 3,350 3,195 0.1 0.1 0.1
Guyanese 80 50 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,420 1,240 1,180 0.0 0.1 0.0
Afghan 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,605 4,725 4,875 0.2 0.2 0.2
Black, n.o.s.137 95 55 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,515 2,250 2,260 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 295 150 150 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,660 6,575 6,080 0.3 0.3 0.2
Ojibway 215 90 120 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,145 2,565 2,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Newfoundlander 140 90 50 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,530 2,415 2,115 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hong Konger 145 55 90 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,020 14,470 15,550 0.6 0.6 0.6
Ontarian 80 15 65 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,315 1,570 1,750 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian 150 65 85 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,155 9,840 9,315 0.4 0.4 0.4
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 165 75 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,120 2,075 2,050 0.1 0.1 0.1
Turkish 225 105 120 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,070 4,185 3,895 0.2 0.2 0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.138 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,120 1,005 1,110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bangladeshi 55 35 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,740 1,930 1,810 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algerian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 915 545 370 0.0 0.0 0.0
Brazilian 225 110 110 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,435 6,005 6,430 0.3 0.2 0.3
Nigerian 120 50 70 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,110 2,075 2,040 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 80 50 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,040 2,075 1,960 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovak 230 110 130 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,565 5,520 6,045 0.2 0.2 0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 350 130 220 0.4 0.3 0.5 40 25 15 6.1 8.5 4.1 11,810 5,340 6,470 0.2 0.2 0.3
Somali 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,665 1,460 1,205 0.1 0.1 0.0
Taiwanese 135 65 80 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,530 17,430 20,100 0.8 0.7 0.8
Iraqi 60 20 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,590 2,350 2,240 0.1 0.1 0.1
Salvadorean 55 10 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,580 3,285 3,295 0.1 0.1 0.1
African Caribbean 55 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,640 805 830 0.0 0.0 0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 135 65 65 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,735 5,070 5,670 0.2 0.2 0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 65 40 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,140 2,630 2,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 90 40 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,715 1,245 1,465 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquin 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,880 965 915 0.0 0.0 0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.143 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,855 835 1,025 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 340 195 145 0.4 0.5 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,330 3,450 3,885 0.1 0.1 0.2
South African 270 120 150 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,965 6,930 7,035 0.3 0.3 0.3
Australian 365 175 190 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,505 9,575 8,925 0.4 0.4 0.4
Palestinian 40 25 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,750 1,470 1,280 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chilean 155 55 95 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,220 3,100 3,125 0.1 0.1 0.1
Congolese 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,500 780 715 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nova Scotian 80 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,015 885 1,125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ethiopian 90 15 75 0.1 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,720 1,275 1,440 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 75 45 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,295 2,430 2,870 0.1 0.1 0.1
Peruvian 125 70 50 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,260 1,975 2,285 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,350 720 635 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cambodian (Khmer) 60 20 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,350 1,545 1,805 0.1 0.1 0.1
Berber 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 605 370 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albanian 95 50 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,455 1,180 1,280 0.0 0.0 0.1
Maltese 50 35 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,750 1,340 1,420 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,235 605 630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovenian 100 35 70 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,340 2,485 2,855 0.1 0.1 0.1
Western European, n.o.s.145 285 145 145 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,865 3,860 4,005 0.2 0.2 0.2
New Brunswicker 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 875 430 445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 45 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,670 1,335 1,340 0.1 0.1 0.1
Eritrean 55 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,245 1,230 1,015 0.0 0.1 0.0
African Canadian 70 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,535 790 750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israeli 70 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,645 1,850 1,800 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mohawk 75 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,355 1,205 1,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 90 30 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,545 2,955 3,585 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bulgarian 85 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,720 1,785 1,930 0.1 0.1 0.1
Albertan 75 25 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,430 1,690 1,735 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ghanaian 65 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,670 905 770 0.0 0.0 0.0
Barbadian 45 30 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,950 985 970 0.0 0.0 0.0
African American 70 25 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,500 2,320 2,180 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 90 50 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,580 2,605 2,975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tunisian 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 550 285 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.148 90 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,285 2,660 2,625 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cuban 55 45 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,770 895 870 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,785 1,910 1,875 0.1 0.1 0.1
Venezuelan 100 35 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,835 810 1,025 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 70 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 175 80 95 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,860 2,450 2,415 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bengali 45 35 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,370 745 625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroonian 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 220 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guatemalan 30 25 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,415 1,320 1,095 0.0 0.1 0.0
Indonesian 80 20 65 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,440 3,890 4,550 0.2 0.2 0.2
Laotian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,485 1,160 1,320 0.1 0.0 0.1
Ilocano 105 55 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,765 2,115 2,655 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern Irish 145 60 85 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,550 2,245 2,305 0.1 0.1 0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.150 220 90 135 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,445 2,660 2,785 0.1 0.1 0.1
British Columbian 365 180 185 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,450 10,360 10,085 0.4 0.4 0.4
Ecuadorian 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,135 545 595 0.0 0.0 0.0
Franco Ontarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 155 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Argentinian 55 15 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,625 1,260 1,365 0.1 0.1 0.1
Estonian 150 60 95 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,695 2,200 2,495 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,375 1,830 1,550 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 25 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,120 7,710 8,410 0.3 0.3 0.3
Jatt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,370 4,345 4,025 0.2 0.2 0.2
North American, n.o.s.151 70 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,695 1,480 1,210 0.1 0.1 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 445 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 165 55 110 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,745 2,120 3,630 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dominican 65 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 860 415 445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 45 15 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,305 1,130 1,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 415 285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 445 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Byelorussian 60 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,610 1,250 1,355 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dene, n.o.s.152 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,025 505 520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 25 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,015 1,025 990 0.0 0.0 0.0
Abenaki 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 135 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldovan 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,415 655 755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,285 640 650 0.0 0.0 0.0
New Zealander 200 80 125 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,840 3,965 3,875 0.2 0.2 0.2
Sudanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 945 460 485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Breton 45 20 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 185 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch 50 15 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,655 660 995 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malaysian 95 35 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,420 2,535 2,885 0.1 0.1 0.1
Plains Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 715 360 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
North African, n.o.s.155 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 780 450 330 0.0 0.0 0.0
Huron (Wendat) 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 205 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saskatchewanian 65 25 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,890 1,400 1,490 0.1 0.1 0.1
Buddhist 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,950 1,390 1,565 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gaspesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 65 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norman 35 30 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 745 505 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 45 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,830 830 1,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ivorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 80 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteaux 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 845 445 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 65 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 935 430 500 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 380 180 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrinya 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,145 660 485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nicaraguan 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,890 880 1,010 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mauritian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,160 565 595 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kenyan 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,215 1,050 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 120 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vincentian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 345 165 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 925 465 460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Manitoban 55 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,760 855 905 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cape Bretoner 30 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 160 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rwandan 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 635 320 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grenadian 40 25 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 180 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayali 40 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 980 520 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 850 420 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhalese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,285 605 680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mayan 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,855 960 895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Honduran 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,500 760 740 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cherokee 80 45 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,920 1,345 1,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 95 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Caribbean 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 385 200 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Flemish 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,540 705 830 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Empire Loyalist 50 35 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 905 485 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Senegalese 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,400 740 660 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sicilian 50 20 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 935 495 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 945 465 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,625 1,255 1,370 0.1 0.1 0.1
Goan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 750 365 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.158 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 155 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 40 25 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 715 355 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Zimbabwean 50 25 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,240 615 620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 30 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,225 1,120 1,100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 890 1,065 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azorean 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 380 195 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamileke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ugandan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,145 510 635 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 90 45 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 575 320 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tanzanian 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 945 470 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yemeni 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 195 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central African 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Libyan 60 40 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 650 390 260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Basque 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,165 620 545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uruguayan 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 515 290 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan, n.o.s.159 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 405 200 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 655 260 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igorot 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 590 730 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Woodland Cree 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guinean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 70 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
St. Lucian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 110 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Prince Edward Islander 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 145 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maliseet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Beninese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 340 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Roma 100 50 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,205 600 600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Costa Rican 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,075 485 585 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Nova Scotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 60 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 260 285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Singaporean 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,630 1,165 1,460 0.1 0.0 0.1
Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 980 520 460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 95 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tajik 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 665 335 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amhara 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 165 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paraguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,095 570 520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 87,890 41,810 46,085 100.0 100.0 100.0 660 295 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,915,945 2,416,885 2,499,055 100.0 100.0 100.0
Buddhist 1,220 510 710 1.4 1.2 1.5 20 0 10 3.0 0.0 2.7 83,860 35,040 48,825 1.7 1.4 2.0
Christian 24,930 10,775 14,155 28.4 25.8 30.7 150 50 95 22.7 16.9 25.7 1,684,870 766,705 918,165 34.3 31.7 36.7
Christian, n.o.s.162 4,410 1,970 2,435 5.0 4.7 5.3 25 10 15 3.8 3.4 4.1 434,920 203,070 231,850 8.8 8.4 9.3
Anabaptist 75 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,275 10,210 11,065 0.4 0.4 0.4
Anglican 4,015 1,690 2,325 4.6 4.0 5.0 30 15 20 4.5 5.1 5.4 137,485 59,595 77,885 2.8 2.5 3.1
Baptist 730 365 365 0.8 0.9 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,265 25,770 31,495 1.2 1.1 1.3
Catholic 8,950 3,980 4,965 10.2 9.5 10.8 60 25 35 9.1 8.5 9.5 588,140 272,340 315,805 12.0 11.3 12.6
Christian Orthodox 430 185 250 0.5 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,135 21,835 23,300 0.9 0.9 0.9
Jehovah's Witness 310 120 190 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,715 11,245 14,470 0.5 0.5 0.6
Latter Day Saints 115 30 85 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,875 5,795 7,075 0.3 0.2 0.3
Lutheran 580 275 305 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 46,395 20,205 26,185 0.9 0.8 1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 115 50 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,290 3,295 3,995 0.1 0.1 0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 520 200 320 0.6 0.5 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,140 18,550 22,585 0.8 0.8 0.9
Presbyterian 630 265 365 0.7 0.6 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,040 12,260 15,780 0.6 0.5 0.6
Reformed 45 10 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,455 6,050 6,400 0.3 0.3 0.3
United Church 2,475 910 1,565 2.8 2.2 3.4 25 0 20 3.8 0.0 5.4 129,000 51,815 77,185 2.6 2.1 3.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 1,530 685 850 1.7 1.6 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,745 44,660 53,085 2.0 1.8 2.1
Hindu 670 380 290 0.8 0.9 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81,320 42,070 39,245 1.7 1.7 1.6
Jewish 960 445 520 1.1 1.1 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,850 12,980 13,870 0.5 0.5 0.6
Muslim 1,690 915 775 1.9 2.2 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,915 63,375 62,535 2.6 2.6 2.5
Sikh 420 200 215 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290,870 145,740 145,130 5.9 6.0 5.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 255 85 170 0.3 0.2 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,570 5,495 6,075 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions 1,990 840 1,155 2.3 2.0 2.5 10 0 10 1.5 0.0 2.7 51,440 20,890 30,555 1.0 0.9 1.2
No religion and secular perspectives 55,750 27,660 28,090 63.4 66.2 61.0 460 215 245 69.7 72.9 66.2 2,559,250 1,324,585 1,234,660 52.1 54.8 49.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 87,305 41,490 45,815 100.0 100.0 100.0 665 290 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,875,955 2,396,280 2,479,675 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 69,985 33,395 36,590 80.2 80.5 79.9 565 250 320 85.0 86.2 86.5 4,169,710 2,050,165 2,119,540 85.5 85.6 85.5
Movers 17,315 8,095 9,225 19.8 19.5 20.1 90 40 45 13.5 13.8 12.2 706,245 346,115 360,130 14.5 14.4 14.5
Non-migrants 10,740 5,085 5,655 12.3 12.3 12.3 45 30 20 6.8 10.3 5.4 395,215 193,080 202,135 8.1 8.1 8.2
Migrants 6,580 3,010 3,570 7.5 7.3 7.8 50 15 30 7.5 5.2 8.1 311,030 153,035 157,990 6.4 6.4 6.4
Internal migrants 5,510 2,600 2,910 6.3 6.3 6.4 50 15 30 7.5 5.2 8.1 251,245 123,785 127,455 5.2 5.2 5.1
Intraprovincial migrants 3,120 1,485 1,635 3.6 3.6 3.6 35 10 20 5.3 3.4 5.4 187,990 92,090 95,900 3.9 3.8 3.9
Interprovincial migrants 2,390 1,115 1,280 2.7 2.7 2.8 15 0 10 2.3 0.0 2.7 63,250 31,695 31,555 1.3 1.3 1.3
External migrants 1,070 415 660 1.2 1.0 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,785 29,250 30,535 1.2 1.2 1.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 85,000 40,280 44,715 100.0 100.0 100.0 625 280 350 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,699,740 2,305,755 2,393,985 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 39,975 18,945 21,030 47.0 47.0 47.0 385 160 220 61.6 57.1 62.9 2,639,500 1,292,175 1,347,330 56.2 56.0 56.3
Movers 45,025 21,335 23,690 53.0 53.0 53.0 245 115 125 39.2 41.1 35.7 2,060,245 1,013,590 1,046,655 43.8 44.0 43.7
Non-migrants 13,785 6,670 7,115 16.2 16.6 15.9 70 30 40 11.2 10.7 11.4 757,040 372,900 384,135 16.1 16.2 16.0
Migrants 31,235 14,660 16,575 36.7 36.4 37.1 175 85 90 28.0 30.4 25.7 1,303,200 640,680 662,520 27.7 27.8 27.7
Internal migrants 26,085 12,200 13,885 30.7 30.3 31.1 150 65 85 24.0 23.2 24.3 1,016,025 498,920 517,105 21.6 21.6 21.6
Intraprovincial migrants 18,105 8,395 9,715 21.3 20.8 21.7 125 55 70 20.0 19.6 20.0 799,455 390,525 408,935 17.0 16.9 17.1
Interprovincial migrants 7,980 3,805 4,175 9.4 9.4 9.3 25 15 15 4.0 5.4 4.3 216,565 108,395 108,170 4.6 4.7 4.5
External migrants 5,150 2,470 2,685 6.1 6.1 6.0 20 20 0 3.2 7.1 0.0 287,175 141,765 145,415 6.1 6.1 6.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 79,470 37,590 41,875 100.0 100.0 100.0 555 255 300 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,200,425 2,048,395 2,152,025 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 7,670 4,195 3,470 9.7 11.2 8.3 40 30 10 7.2 11.8 3.3 643,330 341,470 301,860 15.3 16.7 14.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 71,800 33,395 38,405 90.3 88.8 91.7 510 225 285 91.9 88.2 95.0 3,557,095 1,706,925 1,850,170 84.7 83.3 86.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 51,995 25,350 26,655 100.0 100.0 100.0 370 165 205 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,691,860 1,313,265 1,378,600 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 3,530 2,145 1,385 6.8 8.5 5.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 259,010 148,785 110,220 9.6 11.3 8.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 48,465 23,200 25,270 93.2 91.5 94.8 365 160 205 98.6 97.0 100.0 2,432,850 1,164,475 1,268,375 90.4 88.7 92.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 79,470 37,595 41,880 100.0 100.0 100.0 555 255 300 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,200,425 2,048,395 2,152,030 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 6,500 3,540 2,960 8.2 9.4 7.1 35 25 15 6.3 9.8 5.0 565,665 292,000 273,665 13.5 14.3 12.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 19,035 9,710 9,325 24.0 25.8 22.3 135 60 80 24.3 23.5 26.7 1,238,000 610,685 627,320 29.5 29.8 29.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 53,935 24,345 29,595 67.9 64.8 70.7 380 175 210 68.5 68.6 70.0 2,396,755 1,145,715 1,251,040 57.1 55.9 58.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 20,075 9,180 10,890 25.3 24.4 26.0 95 45 45 17.1 17.6 15.0 1,197,050 598,425 598,620 28.5 29.2 27.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 4,320 2,885 1,440 5.4 7.7 3.4 20 10 15 3.6 3.9 5.0 323,635 243,815 79,815 7.7 11.9 3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 2,065 1,080 995 2.6 2.9 2.4 20 0 15 3.6 0.0 5.0 133,020 78,330 54,685 3.2 3.8 2.5
Apprenticeship certificate169 2,255 1,805 445 2.8 4.8 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190,615 165,490 25,130 4.5 8.1 1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 13,235 5,345 7,890 16.7 14.2 18.8 60 30 25 10.8 11.8 8.3 711,810 289,555 422,255 16.9 14.1 19.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 2,515 955 1,565 3.2 2.5 3.7 15 0 10 2.7 0.0 3.3 161,600 65,055 96,545 3.8 3.2 4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher 33,860 15,160 18,700 42.6 40.3 44.7 290 125 165 52.3 49.0 55.0 1,199,710 547,285 652,420 28.6 26.7 30.3
Bachelor's degree 20,635 9,190 11,445 26.0 24.4 27.3 165 70 95 29.7 27.5 31.7 775,145 347,145 427,995 18.5 16.9 19.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 2,030 855 1,175 2.6 2.3 2.8 20 10 10 3.6 3.9 3.3 84,000 34,915 49,085 2.0 1.7 2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 750 420 330 0.9 1.1 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,985 18,045 14,945 0.8 0.9 0.7
Master's degree 8,625 3,640 4,985 10.9 9.7 11.9 80 30 50 14.4 11.8 16.7 264,145 121,485 142,660 6.3 5.9 6.6
Earned doctorate171 1,830 1,060 765 2.3 2.8 1.8 20 15 0 3.6 5.9 0.0 43,440 25,700 17,740 1.0 1.3 0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 52,000 25,345 26,650 100.0 100.0 100.0 375 165 205 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,691,860 1,313,260 1,378,600 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 2,835 1,760 1,075 5.5 6.9 4.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 216,660 122,720 93,935 8.0 9.3 6.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 10,465 6,055 4,410 20.1 23.9 16.5 50 20 30 13.3 12.1 14.6 694,785 358,700 336,090 25.8 27.3 24.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 38,695 17,540 21,160 74.4 69.2 79.4 320 140 180 85.3 84.8 87.8 1,780,415 831,840 948,575 66.1 63.3 68.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 13,675 6,610 7,065 26.3 26.1 26.5 75 40 40 20.0 24.2 19.5 838,680 416,930 421,745 31.2 31.7 30.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 2,910 2,010 900 5.6 7.9 3.4 15 0 10 4.0 0.0 4.9 217,350 164,860 52,495 8.1 12.6 3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 1,345 735 610 2.6 2.9 2.3 10 0 10 2.7 0.0 4.9 88,765 52,645 36,115 3.3 4.0 2.6
Apprenticeship certificate169 1,565 1,275 290 3.0 5.0 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 128,590 112,210 16,375 4.8 8.5 1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 9,055 3,880 5,170 17.4 15.3 19.4 50 25 20 13.3 15.2 9.8 507,405 206,015 301,390 18.8 15.7 21.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 1,715 715 995 3.3 2.8 3.7 15 0 10 4.0 0.0 4.9 113,915 46,055 67,865 4.2 3.5 4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher 25,025 10,930 14,100 48.1 43.1 52.9 245 105 135 65.3 63.6 65.9 941,735 414,910 526,830 35.0 31.6 38.2
Bachelor's degree 15,545 6,975 8,575 29.9 27.5 32.2 155 70 85 41.3 42.4 41.5 610,735 267,470 343,270 22.7 20.4 24.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 1,445 595 845 2.8 2.3 3.2 15 10 0 4.0 6.1 0.0 63,310 25,280 38,030 2.4 1.9 2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 525 280 245 1.0 1.1 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,675 11,985 12,690 0.9 0.9 0.9
Master's degree 6,455 2,540 3,920 12.4 10.0 14.7 55 20 35 14.7 12.1 17.1 212,745 93,655 119,090 7.9 7.1 8.6
Earned doctorate171 1,055 540 515 2.0 2.1 1.9 15 10 10 4.0 6.1 4.9 30,275 16,520 13,755 1.1 1.3 1.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 79,470 37,595 41,875 100.0 100.0 100.0 555 255 300 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,200,425 2,048,390 2,152,030 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 25,535 13,250 12,285 32.1 35.2 29.3 170 85 90 30.6 33.3 30.0 1,803,665 902,685 900,990 42.9 44.1 41.9
Education 3,395 960 2,440 4.3 2.6 5.8 40 0 35 7.2 0.0 11.7 158,060 37,395 120,670 3.8 1.8 5.6
13. Education 3,395 960 2,440 4.3 2.6 5.8 40 0 35 7.2 0.0 11.7 158,060 37,395 120,670 3.8 1.8 5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 3,235 1,400 1,830 4.1 3.7 4.4 35 10 25 6.3 3.9 8.3 109,100 46,770 62,330 2.6 2.3 2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 205 170 30 0.3 0.5 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,390 9,570 3,815 0.3 0.5 0.2
50. Visual and performing arts 3,030 1,230 1,800 3.8 3.3 4.3 35 10 25 6.3 3.9 8.3 95,715 37,200 58,510 2.3 1.8 2.7
Humanities 4,750 2,005 2,745 6.0 5.3 6.6 20 10 15 3.6 3.9 5.0 143,340 55,460 87,875 3.4 2.7 4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 550 115 435 0.7 0.3 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,850 3,705 13,145 0.4 0.2 0.6
23. English language and literature/letters 1,580 590 990 2.0 1.6 2.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,465 10,360 25,105 0.8 0.5 1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 825 365 460 1.0 1.0 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,620 19,020 29,605 1.2 0.9 1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 205 70 130 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,860 1,075 1,780 0.1 0.1 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 355 220 135 0.4 0.6 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,705 4,630 3,075 0.2 0.2 0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations 245 155 90 0.3 0.4 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,220 7,385 4,835 0.3 0.4 0.2
54. History 830 450 385 1.0 1.2 0.9 15 0 10 2.7 0.0 3.3 16,035 8,595 7,450 0.4 0.4 0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 155 40 115 0.2 0.1 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,580 695 2,880 0.1 0.0 0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law 10,400 3,870 6,530 13.1 10.3 15.6 85 60 30 15.3 23.5 10.0 288,970 102,380 186,590 6.9 5.0 8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 340 90 245 0.4 0.2 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,140 1,360 3,780 0.1 0.1 0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 1,190 455 730 1.5 1.2 1.7 15 15 0 2.7 5.9 0.0 31,375 11,580 19,795 0.7 0.6 0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 885 80 810 1.1 0.2 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,140 3,530 35,610 0.9 0.2 1.7
22. Legal professions and studies 1,260 495 770 1.6 1.3 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44,255 15,575 28,680 1.1 0.8 1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 315 125 185 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,625 2,525 4,105 0.2 0.1 0.2
42. Psychology 2,055 615 1,435 2.6 1.6 3.4 20 0 15 3.6 0.0 5.0 52,080 13,955 38,125 1.2 0.7 1.8
45. Social sciences 4,365 2,005 2,360 5.5 5.3 5.6 55 40 15 9.9 15.7 5.0 110,350 53,860 56,495 2.6 2.6 2.6
Business, management and public administration 9,320 3,945 5,380 11.7 10.5 12.8 35 25 10 6.3 9.8 3.3 493,290 201,060 292,230 11.7 9.8 13.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 220 425 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 1,305 335 970 1.6 0.9 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,855 6,685 24,175 0.7 0.3 1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 8,010 3,610 4,405 10.1 9.6 10.5 35 20 10 6.3 7.8 3.3 461,790 194,160 267,625 11.0 9.5 12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies 2,725 1,415 1,305 3.4 3.8 3.1 30 15 20 5.4 5.9 6.7 106,515 54,495 52,015 2.5 2.7 2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 1,315 530 785 1.7 1.4 1.9 20 10 15 3.6 3.9 5.0 44,910 19,580 25,330 1.1 1.0 1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 430 195 235 0.5 0.5 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,655 12,030 13,620 0.6 0.6 0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 80 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,880 665 1,220 0.0 0.0 0.1
40. Physical sciences 855 650 210 1.1 1.7 0.5 10 0 0 1.8 0.0 0.0 30,600 21,085 9,515 0.7 1.0 0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians 40 0 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,470 1,140 2,330 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 2,500 1,760 740 3.1 4.7 1.8 20 15 10 3.6 5.9 3.3 105,555 69,245 36,310 2.5 3.4 1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 1,855 1,450 410 2.3 3.9 1.0 15 10 0 2.7 3.9 0.0 83,795 58,985 24,810 2.0 2.9 1.2
25. Library science 260 45 210 0.3 0.1 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,145 865 5,280 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 315 210 105 0.4 0.6 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,030 7,715 5,320 0.3 0.4 0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 70 55 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,580 1,680 900 0.1 0.1 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 6,325 5,415 905 8.0 14.4 2.2 45 30 15 8.1 11.8 5.0 458,590 409,460 49,135 10.9 20.0 2.3
04. Architecture and related services 530 300 225 0.7 0.8 0.5 10 0 10 1.8 0.0 3.3 19,025 11,490 7,535 0.5 0.6 0.4
14. Engineering 1,990 1,610 375 2.5 4.3 0.9 15 10 0 2.7 3.9 0.0 119,995 96,730 23,260 2.9 4.7 1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 1,275 1,160 115 1.6 3.1 0.3 10 0 0 1.8 0.0 0.0 83,585 73,495 10,085 2.0 3.6 0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 45 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 1,365 1,265 100 1.7 3.4 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 104,445 101,120 3,325 2.5 4.9 0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 650 615 35 0.8 1.6 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 86,325 83,625 2,700 2.1 4.1 0.1
48. Precision production 510 470 45 0.6 1.3 0.1 10 10 0 1.8 3.9 0.0 45,110 42,955 2,150 1.1 2.1 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 1,105 570 535 1.4 1.5 1.3 15 0 15 2.7 0.0 5.0 60,510 33,885 26,625 1.4 1.7 1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 465 215 255 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,920 15,075 16,845 0.8 0.7 0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation 640 360 285 0.8 1.0 0.7 10 0 10 1.8 0.0 3.3 28,595 18,815 9,775 0.7 0.9 0.5
Health and related fields 7,845 1,880 5,960 9.9 5.0 14.2 35 0 30 6.3 0.0 10.0 350,930 73,605 277,325 8.4 3.6 12.9
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 615 270 340 0.8 0.7 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,000 13,530 13,470 0.6 0.7 0.6
51. Health professions and related programs178 6,975 1,485 5,495 8.8 3.9 13.1 35 0 25 6.3 0.0 8.3 312,980 53,940 259,035 7.5 2.6 12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 725 175 550 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 255 125 120 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,230 5,960 4,270 0.2 0.3 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 2,290 1,105 1,185 2.9 2.9 2.8 10 0 10 1.8 0.0 3.3 121,210 61,715 59,495 2.9 3.0 2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 1,610 590 1,015 2.0 1.6 2.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76,425 24,575 51,850 1.8 1.2 2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 435 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 45 35 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,025 930 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 310 170 140 0.4 0.5 0.3 10 0 0 1.8 0.0 0.0 15,820 11,280 4,540 0.4 0.6 0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving 315 290 25 0.4 0.8 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,425 24,490 2,935 0.7 1.2 0.1
Other179 55 20 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 685 235 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 51,995 25,345 26,655 100.0 100.0 100.0 370 165 205 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,691,865 1,313,265 1,378,600 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 13,305 7,815 5,490 25.6 30.8 20.6 50 20 25 13.5 12.1 12.2 911,450 481,425 430,025 33.9 36.7 31.2
Education 1,845 525 1,325 3.5 2.1 5.0 30 0 30 8.1 0.0 14.6 99,640 21,315 78,320 3.7 1.6 5.7
13. Education 1,845 525 1,325 3.5 2.1 5.0 30 0 30 8.1 0.0 14.6 99,640 21,315 78,320 3.7 1.6 5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 2,395 1,020 1,370 4.6 4.0 5.1 35 10 25 9.5 6.1 12.2 85,350 36,335 49,005 3.2 2.8 3.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 130 105 25 0.3 0.4 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,815 6,950 2,860 0.4 0.5 0.2
50. Visual and performing arts 2,260 920 1,345 4.3 3.6 5.0 35 10 25 9.5 6.1 12.2 75,530 29,385 46,145 2.8 2.2 3.3
Humanities 3,265 1,325 1,945 6.3 5.2 7.3 20 10 10 5.4 6.1 4.9 103,360 38,515 64,845 3.8 2.9 4.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 355 60 290 0.7 0.2 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,735 2,545 10,190 0.5 0.2 0.7
23. English language and literature/letters 1,080 390 690 2.1 1.5 2.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,770 7,190 18,580 1.0 0.5 1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 620 235 385 1.2 0.9 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,310 13,320 21,990 1.3 1.0 1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 150 55 95 0.3 0.2 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,895 745 1,150 0.1 0.1 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 265 155 110 0.5 0.6 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,780 3,440 2,335 0.2 0.3 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 105 65 45 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,845 4,740 3,105 0.3 0.4 0.2
54. History 595 320 280 1.1 1.3 1.1 10 0 10 2.7 0.0 4.9 11,615 6,050 5,565 0.4 0.5 0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 95 35 60 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,410 480 1,930 0.1 0.0 0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law 7,800 2,850 4,950 15.0 11.2 18.6 75 55 20 20.3 33.3 9.8 226,805 76,655 150,150 8.4 5.8 10.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 275 65 205 0.5 0.3 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,220 1,075 3,145 0.2 0.1 0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 985 355 625 1.9 1.4 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,730 9,590 17,150 1.0 0.7 1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 665 60 605 1.3 0.2 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29,960 2,705 27,260 1.1 0.2 2.0
22. Legal professions and studies 915 310 600 1.8 1.2 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34,935 10,780 24,150 1.3 0.8 1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 255 100 155 0.5 0.4 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,150 1,960 3,185 0.2 0.1 0.2
42. Psychology 1,410 425 980 2.7 1.7 3.7 15 0 10 4.1 0.0 4.9 39,250 9,600 29,645 1.5 0.7 2.2
45. Social sciences 3,305 1,535 1,770 6.4 6.1 6.6 50 40 15 13.5 24.2 7.3 86,555 40,945 45,615 3.2 3.1 3.3
Business, management and public administration 6,695 2,800 3,895 12.9 11.0 14.6 30 20 15 8.1 12.1 7.3 379,485 152,040 227,445 14.1 11.6 16.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 445 140 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 965 245 715 1.9 1.0 2.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,625 4,535 18,095 0.8 0.3 1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 5,735 2,550 3,175 11.0 10.1 11.9 25 15 15 6.8 9.1 7.3 356,415 147,365 209,055 13.2 11.2 15.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies 1,995 990 1,010 3.8 3.9 3.8 25 10 20 6.8 6.1 9.8 77,340 37,350 39,990 2.9 2.8 2.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 1,025 400 620 2.0 1.6 2.3 15 0 15 4.1 0.0 7.3 33,945 14,030 19,915 1.3 1.1 1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 310 145 160 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,520 8,355 10,165 0.7 0.6 0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 70 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,545 520 1,030 0.1 0.0 0.1
40. Physical sciences 580 410 170 1.1 1.6 0.6 10 0 0 2.7 0.0 0.0 21,390 13,835 7,555 0.8 1.1 0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,935 610 1,330 0.1 0.0 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 2,015 1,495 515 3.9 5.9 1.9 20 15 0 5.4 9.1 0.0 87,185 58,400 28,785 3.2 4.4 2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 1,635 1,300 330 3.1 5.1 1.2 15 10 0 4.1 6.1 0.0 72,700 51,710 20,995 2.7 3.9 1.5
25. Library science 140 30 105 0.3 0.1 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,600 540 3,060 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 200 125 75 0.4 0.5 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,865 4,890 3,975 0.3 0.4 0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 40 40 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,010 1,265 755 0.1 0.1 0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 4,570 3,805 760 8.8 15.0 2.9 30 20 15 8.1 12.1 7.3 327,735 286,655 41,080 12.2 21.8 3.0
04. Architecture and related services 415 210 205 0.8 0.8 0.8 10 0 10 2.7 0.0 4.9 14,690 8,220 6,480 0.5 0.6 0.5
14. Engineering 1,530 1,195 335 2.9 4.7 1.3 15 10 0 4.1 6.1 0.0 93,760 73,350 20,400 3.5 5.6 1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 815 740 75 1.6 2.9 0.3 10 0 0 2.7 0.0 0.0 57,590 49,650 7,940 2.1 3.8 0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 35 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 1,020 935 90 2.0 3.7 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 74,045 71,450 2,595 2.8 5.4 0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 450 425 25 0.9 1.7 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,950 55,995 1,950 2.2 4.3 0.1
48. Precision production 335 300 35 0.6 1.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29,605 27,965 1,640 1.1 2.1 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 895 435 460 1.7 1.7 1.7 10 0 10 2.7 0.0 4.9 45,705 23,930 21,775 1.7 1.8 1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 345 145 200 0.7 0.6 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,700 10,410 13,290 0.9 0.8 1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation 550 285 265 1.1 1.1 1.0 10 0 10 2.7 0.0 4.9 22,005 13,520 8,485 0.8 1.0 0.6
Health and related fields 5,500 1,430 4,070 10.6 5.6 15.3 30 0 30 8.1 0.0 14.6 258,665 55,710 202,960 9.6 4.2 14.7
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 450 200 250 0.9 0.8 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,980 10,585 10,395 0.8 0.8 0.8
51. Health professions and related programs178 4,890 1,160 3,730 9.4 4.6 14.0 20 0 20 5.4 0.0 9.8 229,855 41,240 188,620 8.5 3.1 13.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 90 490 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 150 70 80 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,245 3,790 3,455 0.3 0.3 0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services 1,685 840 840 3.2 3.3 3.2 10 0 0 2.7 0.0 0.0 88,615 44,750 43,865 3.3 3.4 3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 1,175 485 700 2.3 1.9 2.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,165 18,390 37,775 2.1 1.4 2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 240 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 30 30 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 450 410 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 255 130 125 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,270 8,530 3,740 0.5 0.6 0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving 215 195 20 0.4 0.8 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,425 17,180 2,240 0.7 1.3 0.2
Other179 45 15 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 535 180 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 51,995 25,345 26,655 100.0 100.0 100.0 370 165 205 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,691,865 1,313,265 1,378,600 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 13,305 7,815 5,490 25.6 30.8 20.6 50 20 25 13.5 12.1 12.2 911,450 481,425 430,025 33.9 36.7 31.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 38,695 17,535 21,160 74.4 69.2 79.4 320 145 175 86.5 87.9 85.4 1,780,415 831,835 948,580 66.1 63.3 68.8
Location of study inside Canada 31,795 14,485 17,315 61.2 57.2 65.0 225 90 140 60.8 54.5 68.3 1,316,405 622,255 694,150 48.9 47.4 50.4
Same as province or territory of residence 22,345 9,935 12,410 43.0 39.2 46.6 160 55 105 43.2 33.3 51.2 1,029,000 480,420 548,580 38.2 36.6 39.8
Different than province or territory of residence 9,450 4,545 4,910 18.2 17.9 18.4 65 30 35 17.6 18.2 17.1 287,405 141,835 145,570 10.7 10.8 10.6
Location of study outside Canada182 6,900 3,055 3,845 13.3 12.1 14.4 95 55 40 25.7 33.3 19.5 464,010 209,580 254,430 17.2 16.0 18.5
Americas 1,975 820 1,150 3.8 3.2 4.3 40 20 25 10.8 12.1 12.2 84,155 40,735 43,420 3.1 3.1 3.1
United States of America 1,390 565 830 2.7 2.2 3.1 40 10 25 10.8 6.1 12.2 57,255 28,610 28,650 2.1 2.2 2.1
Mexico 145 60 85 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,850 3,950 4,895 0.3 0.3 0.4
Cuba 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 150 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 655 290 365 0.0 0.0 0.0
Brazil 155 60 90 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,395 3,865 4,530 0.3 0.3 0.3
Colombia 55 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,315 1,005 1,310 0.1 0.1 0.1
Peru 55 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 945 345 595 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuela95 35 10 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 345 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Americas 125 60 70 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,590 2,160 2,430 0.2 0.2 0.2
Europe 1,925 975 945 3.7 3.8 3.5 45 30 10 12.2 18.2 4.9 92,195 46,985 45,210 3.4 3.6 3.3
Belgium 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 755 430 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
France 110 50 55 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,075 2,645 2,425 0.2 0.2 0.2
Germany 110 35 75 0.2 0.1 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,805 2,975 2,830 0.2 0.2 0.2
Netherlands 65 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,315 1,265 1,055 0.1 0.1 0.1
Switzerland 40 10 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,915 905 1,010 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hungary 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 945 430 515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldova183 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 455 200 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poland 35 10 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,960 1,320 1,645 0.1 0.1 0.1
Romania 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,515 1,720 1,795 0.1 0.1 0.1
Russian Federation 95 40 55 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,880 2,560 3,325 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ukraine 55 40 20 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,345 1,945 2,395 0.2 0.1 0.2
Ireland96 80 35 45 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,665 3,255 2,410 0.2 0.2 0.2
United Kingdom87 975 530 445 1.9 2.1 1.7 35 30 10 9.5 18.2 4.9 38,270 20,230 18,040 1.4 1.5 1.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 840 410 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 60 35 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,610 890 720 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbia86 35 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,565 845 720 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other locations of study in Europe 215 120 90 0.4 0.5 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,275 4,955 5,320 0.4 0.4 0.4
Africa 255 135 120 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,250 6,465 5,785 0.5 0.5 0.4
Nigeria 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,315 690 630 0.0 0.1 0.0
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 85 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 30 10 15 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 255 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisia 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 75 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 20 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,490 800 690 0.1 0.1 0.1
South Africa, Republic of 80 45 40 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,860 3,055 2,800 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other locations of study in Africa 110 55 55 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,825 1,510 1,315 0.1 0.1 0.1
Asia 2,365 905 1,460 4.5 3.6 5.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 258,905 106,700 152,210 9.6 8.1 11.0
Iran88 100 40 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,325 7,150 9,175 0.6 0.5 0.7
Iraq 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,465 830 635 0.1 0.1 0.0
Israel 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,345 690 660 0.0 0.1 0.0
Lebanon 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 550 260 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syria89 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 805 405 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkey 50 35 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,680 995 680 0.1 0.1 0.0
China90 215 70 140 0.4 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,350 24,555 34,795 2.2 1.9 2.5
Taiwan 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,905 2,985 5,915 0.3 0.2 0.4
Hong Kong91 45 15 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,025 2,820 4,210 0.3 0.2 0.3
Japan 195 35 160 0.4 0.1 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,185 1,960 6,230 0.3 0.1 0.5
Korea, South92 200 75 120 0.4 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,605 7,220 12,385 0.7 0.5 0.9
Philippines 870 310 565 1.7 1.2 2.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55,140 20,255 34,880 2.0 1.5 2.5
Viet Nam 30 0 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,145 625 1,520 0.1 0.0 0.1
Bangladesh 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,135 485 650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 975 480 490 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 380 205 175 0.7 0.8 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60,565 28,910 31,655 2.2 2.2 2.3
Pakistan 45 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,935 1,855 2,080 0.1 0.1 0.2
Other locations of study in Asia 135 50 90 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,780 4,215 5,565 0.4 0.3 0.4
Oceania 390 210 175 0.8 0.8 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,505 8,700 7,810 0.6 0.7 0.6
Australia 325 185 140 0.6 0.7 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,315 6,385 5,930 0.5 0.5 0.4
New Zealand 60 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,340 1,855 1,485 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 855 465 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 79,470 37,595 41,880 ... ... ... 555 255 300 ... ... ... 4,200,425 2,048,395 2,152,030 ... ... ...
In the labour force 53,400 26,515 26,885 ... ... ... 385 180 205 ... ... ... 2,657,275 1,378,375 1,278,900 ... ... ...
Employed 49,070 24,285 24,785 ... ... ... 345 170 170 ... ... ... 2,433,600 1,264,715 1,168,885 ... ... ...
Unemployed 4,330 2,230 2,100 ... ... ... 40 15 30 ... ... ... 223,675 113,655 110,015 ... ... ...
Not in the labour force 26,075 11,080 14,995 ... ... ... 175 70 95 ... ... ... 1,543,145 670,020 873,130 ... ... ...
Participation rate 67.2 70.5 64.2 67.2 70.5 64.2 69.4 70.6 68.3 69.4 70.6 68.3 63.3 67.3 59.4 63.3 67.3 59.4
Employment rate 61.7 64.6 59.2 61.7 64.6 59.2 62.2 66.7 56.7 62.2 66.7 56.7 57.9 61.7 54.3 57.9 61.7 54.3
Unemployment rate 8.1 8.4 7.8 8.1 8.4 7.8 10.4 8.3 14.6 10.4 8.3 14.6 8.4 8.2 8.6 8.4 8.2 8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 79,470 37,595 41,875 100.0 100.0 100.0 555 255 300 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,200,425 2,048,390 2,152,030 100.0 100.0 100.0
Did not work186 26,000 11,115 14,885 32.7 29.6 35.5 165 70 95 29.7 27.5 31.7 1,563,830 685,205 878,625 37.2 33.5 40.8
Worked 53,470 26,480 26,995 67.3 70.4 64.5 390 190 200 70.3 74.5 66.7 2,636,595 1,363,185 1,273,410 62.8 66.5 59.2
Worked full year full time187 27,030 14,315 12,715 34.0 38.1 30.4 175 95 80 31.5 37.3 26.7 1,350,335 768,255 582,080 32.1 37.5 27.0
Worked part year and/or part time188 26,445 12,165 14,280 33.3 32.4 34.1 215 90 120 38.7 35.3 40.0 1,286,260 594,930 691,330 30.6 29.0 32.1
Average weeks worked in reference year 41.2 41.7 40.7 41.2 41.7 40.7 41.1 45.2 37.2 41.1 45.2 37.2 40.9 41.8 39.9 40.9 41.8 39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 53,400 26,515 26,880 100.0 100.0 100.0 385 180 200 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,657,275 1,378,380 1,278,900 100.0 100.0 100.0
Class of worker - not applicable190 870 440 425 1.6 1.7 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,165 26,325 27,835 2.0 1.9 2.2
All classes of workers191 52,535 26,080 26,455 98.4 98.4 98.4 375 175 200 97.4 97.2 100.0 2,603,110 1,352,050 1,251,060 98.0 98.1 97.8
Employee 44,135 21,495 22,640 82.6 81.1 84.2 300 145 155 77.9 80.6 77.5 2,144,475 1,076,150 1,068,330 80.7 78.1 83.5
Permanent position 36,595 18,060 18,535 68.5 68.1 69.0 215 105 105 55.8 58.3 52.5 1,788,175 913,100 875,070 67.3 66.2 68.4
Temporary position 7,545 3,435 4,110 14.1 13.0 15.3 85 40 45 22.1 22.2 22.5 356,305 163,045 193,255 13.4 11.8 15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more) 2,595 1,160 1,430 4.9 4.4 5.3 30 15 15 7.8 8.3 7.5 116,190 53,010 63,190 4.4 3.8 4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 4,950 2,280 2,675 9.3 8.6 10.0 55 20 30 14.3 11.1 15.0 240,110 110,035 130,070 9.0 8.0 10.2
Self-employed192 8,390 4,580 3,815 15.7 17.3 14.2 80 35 45 20.8 19.4 22.5 458,635 275,905 182,735 17.3 20.0 14.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 53,400 26,515 26,880 100.0 100.0 100.0 385 180 200 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,657,275 1,378,380 1,278,900 100.0 100.0 100.0
Occupation - not applicable190 870 440 425 1.6 1.7 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,165 26,325 27,835 2.0 1.9 2.2
All occupations191 52,535 26,080 26,455 98.4 98.4 98.4 375 175 200 97.4 97.2 100.0 2,603,110 1,352,050 1,251,060 98.0 98.1 97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 760 450 315 1.4 1.7 1.2 10 10 0 2.6 5.6 0.0 32,255 22,375 9,885 1.2 1.6 0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 9,385 3,250 6,135 17.6 12.3 22.8 95 40 55 24.7 22.2 27.5 446,160 137,765 308,395 16.8 10.0 24.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 5,270 3,890 1,380 9.9 14.7 5.1 40 20 20 10.4 11.1 10.0 209,185 158,605 50,580 7.9 11.5 4.0
3 Health occupations 4,965 1,180 3,785 9.3 4.5 14.1 45 15 30 11.7 8.3 15.0 199,185 43,765 155,415 7.5 3.2 12.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 8,850 3,450 5,400 16.6 13.0 20.1 90 50 40 23.4 27.8 20.0 309,360 103,155 206,205 11.6 7.5 16.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 2,915 1,315 1,600 5.5 5.0 6.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110,585 52,240 58,340 4.2 3.8 4.6
6 Sales and service occupations 13,395 6,640 6,760 25.1 25.0 25.1 70 30 45 18.2 16.7 22.5 666,705 293,530 373,180 25.1 21.3 29.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 5,485 4,800 685 10.3 18.1 2.5 15 15 0 3.9 8.3 0.0 469,450 425,905 43,545 17.7 30.9 3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 755 535 220 1.4 2.0 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 72,075 51,750 20,325 2.7 3.8 1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 745 565 185 1.4 2.1 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 88,155 62,965 25,185 3.3 4.6 2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 53,400 26,515 26,880 100.0 100.0 100.0 385 180 200 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,657,275 1,378,380 1,278,900 100.0 100.0 100.0
Industry - not applicable190 870 440 425 1.6 1.7 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,165 26,325 27,835 2.0 1.9 2.2
All industries191 52,535 26,080 26,455 98.4 98.4 98.4 375 175 200 97.4 97.2 100.0 2,603,110 1,352,050 1,251,060 98.0 98.1 97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 330 210 115 0.6 0.8 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60,320 38,580 21,735 2.3 2.8 1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 130 100 30 0.2 0.4 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,955 20,610 4,350 0.9 1.5 0.3
22 Utilities 80 65 15 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,820 10,765 4,050 0.6 0.8 0.3
23 Construction 2,955 2,630 325 5.5 9.9 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 234,345 201,185 33,155 8.8 14.6 2.6
31-33 Manufacturing 1,530 1,085 445 2.9 4.1 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 152,790 107,750 45,035 5.7 7.8 3.5
41 Wholesale trade 640 445 195 1.2 1.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,165 53,130 27,035 3.0 3.9 2.1
44-45 Retail trade 5,385 2,645 2,745 10.1 10.0 10.2 65 20 45 16.9 11.1 22.5 301,060 142,230 158,830 11.3 10.3 12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 1,435 1,095 345 2.7 4.1 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 142,230 108,095 34,135 5.4 7.8 2.7
51 Information and cultural industries 1,325 750 570 2.5 2.8 2.1 15 10 0 3.9 5.6 0.0 71,295 43,800 27,495 2.7 3.2 2.1
52 Finance and insurance 1,305 655 650 2.4 2.5 2.4 20 10 10 5.2 5.6 5.0 95,560 41,275 54,290 3.6 3.0 4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 1,135 630 505 2.1 2.4 1.9 10 10 0 2.6 5.6 0.0 59,155 31,515 27,640 2.2 2.3 2.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 6,170 3,520 2,650 11.6 13.3 9.9 70 30 40 18.2 16.7 20.0 238,650 131,495 107,150 9.0 9.5 8.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises 90 55 35 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,785 2,740 3,040 0.2 0.2 0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 2,470 1,440 1,025 4.6 5.4 3.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110,215 62,865 47,350 4.1 4.6 3.7
61 Educational services 4,450 1,695 2,755 8.3 6.4 10.2 40 15 20 10.4 8.3 10.0 192,855 62,310 130,545 7.3 4.5 10.2
62 Health care and social assistance 7,855 1,940 5,910 14.7 7.3 22.0 55 20 35 14.3 11.1 17.5 319,525 64,150 255,375 12.0 4.7 20.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 1,550 800 750 2.9 3.0 2.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60,775 30,215 30,560 2.3 2.2 2.4
72 Accommodation and food services 4,690 2,315 2,375 8.8 8.7 8.8 25 15 10 6.5 8.3 5.0 182,105 78,435 103,670 6.9 5.7 8.1
81 Other services (except public administration) 2,090 780 1,315 3.9 2.9 4.9 15 0 0 3.9 0.0 0.0 113,780 50,100 63,680 4.3 3.6 5.0
91 Public administration 6,915 3,225 3,690 12.9 12.2 13.7 45 35 10 11.7 19.4 5.0 142,730 70,795 71,940 5.4 5.1 5.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 56,845 28,085 28,760 100.0 100.0 100.0 405 195 210 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,855,890 1,472,060 1,383,830 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 54,690 27,115 27,580 96.2 96.5 95.9 390 195 195 96.3 100.0 92.9 2,617,625 1,354,690 1,262,935 91.7 92.0 91.3
French 100 35 70 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,090 850 2,240 0.1 0.1 0.2
Non-official language 110 45 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,925 27,750 25,180 1.9 1.9 1.8
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 60 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 110 45 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,790 27,690 25,100 1.8 1.9 1.8
English and French 795 360 435 1.4 1.3 1.5 10 0 10 2.5 0.0 4.8 21,550 8,765 12,785 0.8 0.6 0.9
English and non-official language(s) 1,070 490 580 1.9 1.7 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 154,255 76,820 77,440 5.4 5.2 5.6
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 65 45 25 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,520 1,160 1,360 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,840 2,000 1,840 0.1 0.1 0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 56,845 28,085 28,760 100.0 100.0 100.0 405 195 210 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,855,890 1,472,060 1,383,830 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 56,605 27,980 28,630 99.6 99.6 99.5 405 195 210 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,820,225 1,453,980 1,366,250 98.8 98.8 98.7
Official languages 56,345 27,870 28,475 99.1 99.2 99.0 405 195 210 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,726,710 1,405,545 1,321,160 95.5 95.5 95.5
English 56,120 27,805 28,315 98.7 99.0 98.5 405 195 210 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,720,275 1,403,805 1,316,470 95.3 95.4 95.1
French 225 65 160 0.4 0.2 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,430 1,740 4,690 0.2 0.1 0.3
Non-official languages 265 110 155 0.5 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 93,520 48,430 45,090 3.3 3.3 3.3
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 85 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 15 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 15 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 50 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 260 110 150 0.5 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 93,230 48,340 44,890 3.3 3.3 3.2
Afro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 320 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 320 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 250 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,720 1,070 1,645 0.1 0.1 0.1
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,695 1,060 1,630 0.1 0.1 0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 855 430 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 335 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 70 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,820 18,165 12,655 1.1 1.2 0.9
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 915 350 565 0.0 0.0 0.0
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 900 350 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 25 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 245 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 15 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 310 370 0.0 0.0 0.0
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 450 200 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
German 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 180 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 100 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,450 15,470 9,980 0.9 1.1 0.7
Indo-Aryan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,425 14,315 9,115 0.8 1.0 0.7
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 310 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,730 13,945 8,785 0.8 0.9 0.6
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,020 1,155 865 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,985 1,135 855 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 75 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,710 940 770 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 120 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 45 20 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,675 1,975 1,700 0.1 0.1 0.1
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 55 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 245 310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 30 10 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,940 1,645 1,300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 40 15 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,015 695 1,320 0.1 0.0 0.1
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,855 3,485 3,370 0.2 0.2 0.2
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 105 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 95 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 90 60 35 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,730 23,930 24,800 1.7 1.6 1.8
Chinese languages 90 60 35 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,670 23,890 24,780 1.7 1.6 1.8
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 35 10 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,465 13,710 14,755 1.0 0.9 1.1
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 110 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 55 40 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,865 10,015 9,855 0.7 0.7 0.7
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 65 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 60 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 235 100 135 0.4 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,660 18,080 17,585 1.2 1.2 1.3
English and French 75 15 60 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,470 970 1,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and non-official language(s) 150 85 65 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,195 16,590 15,610 1.1 1.1 1.1
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 825 445 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 56,845 28,085 28,760 100.0 100.0 100.0 405 195 210 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,855,890 1,472,060 1,383,830 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 55,110 27,275 27,840 96.9 97.1 96.8 390 195 195 96.3 100.0 92.9 2,703,945 1,398,765 1,305,180 94.7 95.0 94.3
English 250 85 165 0.4 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,055 17,805 18,250 1.3 1.2 1.3
French 605 320 280 1.1 1.1 1.0 10 0 10 2.5 0.0 4.8 16,140 7,125 9,020 0.6 0.5 0.7
Non-official language 705 315 385 1.2 1.1 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 79,300 38,900 40,400 2.8 2.6 2.9
Indigenous39 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,320 470 850 0.0 0.0 0.1
Non-Indigenous 675 305 370 1.2 1.1 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 77,980 38,430 39,550 2.7 2.6 2.9
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,745 2,165 2,580 0.2 0.1 0.2
French and non-official language(s) 50 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,945 860 1,085 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 100 40 60 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,685 6,410 7,275 0.5 0.4 0.5
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 49,065 24,280 24,785 100.0 100.0 100.0 345 170 170 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,433,600 1,264,715 1,168,885 100.0 100.0 100.0
Worked at home 14,725 6,910 7,815 30.0 28.5 31.5 150 85 70 43.5 50.0 41.2 549,845 262,840 287,005 22.6 20.8 24.6
Worked outside Canada 110 85 25 0.2 0.4 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,065 6,785 3,275 0.4 0.5 0.3
No fixed workplace address 5,195 3,645 1,545 10.6 15.0 6.2 10 10 0 2.9 5.9 0.0 373,475 277,860 95,615 15.3 22.0 8.2
Usual place of work 29,040 13,640 15,395 59.2 56.2 62.1 180 75 105 52.2 44.1 61.8 1,500,215 717,240 782,980 61.6 56.7 67.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 29,040 13,645 15,395 100.0 100.0 100.0 180 75 105 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,500,215 717,235 782,980 100.0 100.0 100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 18,330 8,110 10,230 63.1 59.4 66.5 115 55 60 63.9 73.3 57.1 774,620 341,895 432,725 51.6 47.7 55.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 10,050 5,155 4,900 34.6 37.8 31.8 60 20 40 33.3 26.7 38.1 638,825 322,890 315,940 42.6 45.0 40.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 495 290 210 1.7 2.1 1.4 10 0 0 5.6 0.0 0.0 77,845 46,415 31,440 5.2 6.5 4.0
Commute to a different province or territory 155 90 65 0.5 0.7 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,920 6,040 2,875 0.6 0.8 0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 34,230 17,290 16,945 100.0 100.0 100.0 190 90 105 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,873,690 995,095 878,595 100.0 100.0 100.0
Car, truck or van 18,245 9,535 8,705 53.3 55.1 51.4 90 35 50 47.4 38.9 47.6 1,497,765 824,995 672,775 79.9 82.9 76.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver 16,695 8,985 7,705 48.8 52.0 45.5 85 35 50 44.7 38.9 47.6 1,376,410 775,555 600,865 73.5 77.9 68.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 1,550 550 1,000 4.5 3.2 5.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 121,350 49,440 71,910 6.5 5.0 8.2
Public transit 3,800 1,715 2,085 11.1 9.9 12.3 30 15 20 15.8 16.7 19.0 174,045 72,290 101,750 9.3 7.3 11.6
Walked 7,690 3,470 4,220 22.5 20.1 24.9 30 20 10 15.8 22.2 9.5 121,550 51,185 70,360 6.5 5.1 8.0
Bicycle 3,300 1,895 1,400 9.6 11.0 8.3 20 10 20 10.5 11.1 19.0 36,790 22,990 13,800 2.0 2.3 1.6
Other method 1,200 670 535 3.5 3.9 3.2 15 10 0 7.9 11.1 0.0 43,535 23,635 19,900 2.3 2.4 2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 34,230 17,290 16,945 100.0 100.0 100.0 190 90 105 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,873,690 995,095 878,595 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 15 minutes 12,885 6,100 6,785 37.6 35.3 40.0 65 20 40 34.2 22.2 38.1 595,470 276,270 319,200 31.8 27.8 36.3
15 to 29 minutes 14,570 7,400 7,175 42.6 42.8 42.3 75 30 40 39.5 33.3 38.1 637,130 333,835 303,295 34.0 33.5 34.5
30 to 44 minutes 4,840 2,645 2,195 14.1 15.3 13.0 40 20 15 21.1 22.2 14.3 369,645 216,975 152,670 19.7 21.8 17.4
45 to 59 minutes 1,105 630 475 3.2 3.6 2.8 10 10 0 5.3 11.1 0.0 137,115 81,460 55,655 7.3 8.2 6.3
60 minutes and over 830 520 315 2.4 3.0 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 134,330 86,550 47,780 7.2 8.7 5.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 34,230 17,290 16,945 100.0 100.0 100.0 190 90 105 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,873,690 995,095 878,595 100.0 100.0 100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 1,010 660 350 3.0 3.8 2.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,470 91,685 33,785 6.7 9.2 3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 4,390 2,590 1,800 12.8 15.0 10.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 298,120 192,650 105,460 15.9 19.4 12.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 8,825 4,640 4,185 25.8 26.8 24.7 60 25 35 31.6 27.8 33.3 449,315 237,080 212,235 24.0 23.8 24.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 9,095 4,090 5,005 26.6 23.7 29.5 60 30 35 31.6 33.3 33.3 418,635 186,225 232,415 22.3 18.7 26.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 6,160 2,850 3,310 18.0 16.5 19.5 40 15 20 21.1 16.7 19.0 303,745 133,880 169,865 16.2 13.5 19.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 4,745 2,455 2,295 13.9 14.2 13.5 25 10 10 13.2 11.1 9.5 278,405 153,580 124,825 14.9 15.4 14.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 10,175 5,140 5,035 100.0 100.0 100.0 115 60 60 100.0 100.0 100.0 884,130 455,675 428,450 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 855 395 455 8.4 7.7 9.0 15 10 5 13.0 16.7 8.3 55,575 28,115 27,465 6.3 6.2 6.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 9,325 4,750 4,575 91.6 92.4 90.9 100 50 50 87.0 83.3 83.3 828,550 427,565 400,990 93.7 93.8 93.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 7,065 3,530 3,535 100.0 100.0 100.0 90 45 45 100.0 100.0 100.0 651,050 336,315 314,735 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 610 275 330 8.6 7.8 9.3 10 5 5 11.1 11.1 11.1 43,010 21,805 21,205 6.6 6.5 6.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 300 125 175 4.2 3.5 5.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,960 11,755 12,205 3.7 3.5 3.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 305 150 155 4.3 4.2 4.4 10 5 5 11.1 11.1 11.1 19,050 10,050 8,995 2.9 3.0 2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 6,455 3,255 3,205 91.4 92.2 90.7 80 40 45 88.9 88.9 100.0 608,040 314,500 293,535 93.4 93.5 93.3

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 7, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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