Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Maple Ridge, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	90,990	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	82,256	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.6	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	34,254	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	33,103	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	339.7	...	...	339.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	267.82	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	90,990	44,885	46,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,070	8,325	7,750	17.7	18.5	16.8
0 to 4 years	4,985	2,625	2,355	5.5	5.8	5.1
5 to 9 years	5,500	2,815	2,690	6.0	6.3	5.8
10 to 14 years	5,580	2,880	2,700	6.1	6.4	5.9
15 to 64 years	60,310	30,020	30,290	66.3	66.9	65.7
15 to 19 years	5,250	2,735	2,515	5.8	6.1	5.5
20 to 24 years	4,895	2,570	2,330	5.4	5.7	5.1
25 to 29 years	4,900	2,515	2,380	5.4	5.6	5.2
30 to 34 years	5,975	2,885	3,090	6.6	6.4	6.7
35 to 39 years	6,850	3,375	3,470	7.5	7.5	7.5
40 to 44 years	6,240	3,050	3,190	6.9	6.8	6.9
45 to 49 years	6,130	2,985	3,150	6.7	6.7	6.8
50 to 54 years	6,805	3,390	3,415	7.5	7.6	7.4
55 to 59 years	6,890	3,375	3,515	7.6	7.5	7.6
60 to 64 years	6,375	3,135	3,240	7.0	7.0	7.0
65 years and over	14,615	6,545	8,070	16.1	14.6	17.5
65 to 69 years	4,895	2,355	2,545	5.4	5.2	5.5
70 to 74 years	3,940	1,800	2,145	4.3	4.0	4.7
75 to 79 years	2,470	1,125	1,345	2.7	2.5	2.9
80 to 84 years	1,610	675	935	1.8	1.5	2.0
85 years and over	1,690	595	1,095	1.9	1.3	2.4
85 to 89 years	1,075	410	660	1.2	0.9	1.4
90 to 94 years	450	140	315	0.5	0.3	0.7
95 to 99 years	140	35	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.7	18.5	16.8	17.7	18.5	16.8
15 to 64 years	66.3	66.9	65.7	66.3	66.9	65.7
65 years and over	16.1	14.6	17.5	16.1	14.6	17.5
85 years and over	1.9	1.3	2.4	1.9	1.3	2.4
Average age of the population	40.8	39.7	41.8	40.8	39.7	41.8
Median age of the population	41.2	40.0	42.4	41.2	40.0	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	33,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	17,410	...	...	52.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	945	...	...	2.9	...	...
Row house	4,405	...	...	13.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,375	...	...	13.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,760	...	...	14.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,000	...	...	3.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	195	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	33,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	7,315	...	...	22.1	...	...
2 persons	10,425	...	...	31.5	...	...
3 persons	5,740	...	...	17.3	...	...
4 persons	5,880	...	...	17.8	...	...
5 or more persons	3,735	...	...	11.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	89,840	44,455	45,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	74,920	36,560	38,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	45,305	22,560	22,750	60.5	61.7	59.3
Married	37,570	18,710	18,855	50.1	51.2	49.2
Living common-law	7,735	3,845	3,890	10.3	10.5	10.1
Living common law - Never married	5,360	2,725	2,640	7.2	7.5	6.9
Living common law - Separated	440	210	230	0.6	0.6	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	1,775	835	935	2.4	2.3	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	155	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	29,615	14,000	15,610	39.5	38.3	40.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	19,140	10,670	8,475	25.5	29.2	22.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,180	875	1,310	2.9	2.4	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,640	1,735	2,900	6.2	4.7	7.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,655	720	2,925	4.9	2.0	7.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,085	...	...	46.4	...	...
3 persons	6,000	...	...	23.0	...	...
4 persons	5,895	...	...	22.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,085	...	...	8.0	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,160	...	...	85.0	...	...
Married couples	18,290	...	...	70.1	...	...
With children⁶	10,830	...	...	41.5	...	...
Without children	7,465	...	...	28.6	...	...
Common-law couples	3,865	...	...	14.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,650	...	...	6.3	...	...
Without children	2,215	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,915	...	...	15.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,945	...	...	11.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	965	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	89,840	44,455	45,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	76,805	38,400	38,410	85.5	86.4	84.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	44,320	22,100	22,220	49.3	49.7	49.0
Parents in one-parent families	3,910	965	2,950	4.4	2.2	6.5
Children⁶	28,570	15,335	13,240	31.8	34.5	29.2
In a two-parent family	22,745	12,090	10,660	25.3	27.2	23.5
In a one-parent family	5,825	3,240	2,580	6.5	7.3	5.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,035	6,060	6,980	14.5	13.6	15.4
Living alone	7,315	3,360	3,960	8.1	7.6	8.7
Living with other relatives⁷	2,525	940	1,590	2.8	2.1	3.5
Living with non-relatives only	3,190	1,765	1,425	3.6	4.0	3.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	33,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	20,865	...	...	63.0	...	...
Couple-family households	18,090	...	...	54.6	...	...
With children⁶	10,265	...	...	31.0	...	...
Without children	7,825	...	...	23.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,775	...	...	8.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,680	...	...	5.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	480	...	...	1.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,645	...	...	5.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,110	...	...	3.4	...	...
One-person households	7,315	...	...	22.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	73,775	36,140	37,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,240	34,895	36,350	96.6	96.6	96.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	56,000	37,600	44,800	56,000	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,305	34,925	36,380	96.7	96.6	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	49,200	34,800	40,800	49,200	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,430	32,260	32,170	87.3	89.3	85.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	54,000	30,600	40,400	54,000	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	53,145	27,405	25,740	72.0	75.8	68.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	58,800	34,800	45,200	58,800	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,910	25,475	31,435	77.1	70.5	83.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300	8,000	10,500	9,300	8,000	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,530	2,690	3,840	8.9	7.4	10.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,000	5,520	5,480	5,000	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,140	8,285	9,855	24.6	22.9	26.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	73,805	36,150	37,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,340	34,940	36,400	96.7	96.7	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,200	66,000	44,800	55,200	66,000	44,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,375	34,960	36,415	96.7	96.7	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,880	54,700	39,400	46,880	54,700	39,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,405	32,225	32,180	87.3	89.1	85.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,600	63,750	39,400	51,600	63,750	39,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	53,140	27,405	25,735	72.0	75.8	68.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,700	65,400	41,200	53,700	65,400	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,950	25,445	31,505	77.2	70.4	83.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,810	9,940	11,510	10,810	9,940	11,510
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,560	2,615	3,945	8.9	7.2	10.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,310	5,400	6,910	6,310	5,400	6,910
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,910	8,240	9,670	24.3	22.8	25.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,810	8,480	9,080	8,810	8,480	9,080
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	73,805	36,155	37,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,275	16,185	11,085	37.0	44.8	29.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	77,500	59,200	69,000	77,500	59,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,700	87,000	64,100	77,700	87,000	64,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,915	8,620	11,290	27.0	23.8	30.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	23,600	17,800	20,000	23,600	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,560	37,200	25,480	30,560	37,200	25,480
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.4	89.0	77.8	84.4	89.0	77.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	72.4	77.8	65.0	72.4	77.8	65.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.6	11.0	22.2	15.6	11.0	22.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.6	1.7	1.1	0.6	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	3.7	6.9	5.0	3.7	6.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.0	5.4	4.0	3.0	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	73,780	36,135	37,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,535	1,240	1,290	3.4	3.4	3.4
With total income	71,245	34,890	36,350	96.6	96.6	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,085	2,430	3,660	8.5	7.0	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	7,585	3,020	4,570	10.6	8.7	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	9,820	3,830	5,995	13.8	11.0	16.5
$30,000 to $39,999	8,315	3,325	4,990	11.7	9.5	13.7
$40,000 to $49,999	7,550	3,130	4,420	10.6	9.0	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	6,425	2,890	3,540	9.0	8.3	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,555	2,925	2,625	7.8	8.4	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,480	2,605	1,880	6.3	7.5	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,560	2,225	1,335	5.0	6.4	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,975	1,905	1,075	4.2	5.5	3.0
$100,000 and over	8,875	6,615	2,260	12.5	19.0	6.2
$100,000 to $149,999	6,375	4,580	1,800	8.9	13.1	5.0
$150,000 and over	2,500	2,040	460	3.5	5.8	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	73,780	36,135	37,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,470	1,215	1,260	3.3	3.4	3.3
With after-tax income	71,310	34,925	36,385	96.7	96.7	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,330	2,505	3,820	8.9	7.2	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	7,830	3,115	4,715	11.0	8.9	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	11,125	4,355	6,770	15.6	12.5	18.6
$30,000 to $39,999	9,740	3,990	5,745	13.7	11.4	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	8,795	3,830	4,970	12.3	11.0	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	7,520	3,825	3,695	10.5	11.0	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,730	3,395	2,340	8.0	9.7	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,290	2,700	1,595	6.0	7.7	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,345	2,210	1,140	4.7	6.3	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,110	1,480	630	3.0	4.2	1.7
$100,000 and over	4,490	3,525	965	6.3	10.1	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	2,615	2,000	610	3.7	5.7	1.7
$125,000 and over	1,880	1,530	355	2.6	4.4	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	73,780	36,135	37,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,635	8,735	11,900	28.0	24.2	31.6
With employment income	53,145	27,405	25,735	72.0	75.8	68.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,225	2,680	3,540	11.7	9.8	13.8
$5,000 to $9,999	3,705	1,475	2,235	7.0	5.4	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	5,575	2,295	3,280	10.5	8.4	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	4,270	1,740	2,525	8.0	6.3	9.8
$30,000 to $39,999	4,500	1,820	2,680	8.5	6.6	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	4,400	1,890	2,510	8.3	6.9	9.8
$50,000 to $59,999	4,470	2,120	2,345	8.4	7.7	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	4,035	2,270	1,765	7.6	8.3	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,440	2,065	1,375	6.5	7.5	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,785	1,800	990	5.2	6.6	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,475	1,635	840	4.7	6.0	3.3
$100,000 and over	7,260	5,615	1,645	13.7	20.5	6.4
$100,000 to $124,999	3,630	2,650	985	6.8	9.7	3.8
$125,000 and over	3,630	2,965	665	6.8	10.8	2.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	73,775	36,140	37,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,400	33,935	35,470	94.1	93.9	94.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	55,200	34,800	43,200	55,200	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,555	33,955	35,600	94.3	94.0	94.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	48,000	31,600	38,400	48,000	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,735	31,810	31,925	86.4	88.0	84.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	55,200	31,600	41,600	55,200	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	54,525	27,875	26,650	73.9	77.1	70.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	58,000	33,600	43,600	58,000	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,620	17,880	26,740	60.5	49.5	71.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,360	5,320	6,750	6,360	5,320	6,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,030	2,005	3,025	6.8	5.5	8.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	4,560	6,160	5,480	4,560	6,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	73,805	36,150	37,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,355	33,895	35,460	94.0	93.8	94.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,350	65,000	42,200	53,350	65,000	42,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,535	33,915	35,620	94.2	93.8	94.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,560	53,250	36,320	44,560	53,250	36,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,640	31,775	31,870	86.2	87.9	84.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,150	64,600	39,680	52,150	64,600	39,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	54,325	27,750	26,580	73.6	76.8	70.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,650	65,000	39,760	52,650	65,000	39,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	44,380	17,770	26,600	60.1	49.2	70.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,610	8,440	8,720	8,610	8,440	8,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,035	1,975	3,060	6.8	5.5	8.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,330	5,575	8,450	7,330	5,575	8,450
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	73,805	36,155	37,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,080	16,100	10,985	36.7	44.5	29.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	75,500	54,400	65,500	75,500	54,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,400	83,100	59,200	73,400	83,100	59,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,715	8,080	10,640	25.4	22.3	28.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,200	33,600	23,400	27,200	33,600	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,600	45,560	29,760	36,600	45,560	29,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.6	93.2	84.6	89.6	93.2	84.6
Employment income (%)	77.2	81.8	70.6	77.2	81.8	70.6
Government transfers (%)	10.3	6.8	15.5	10.3	6.8	15.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.5	1.7	1.0	0.5	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	33,105	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	25,785	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	33,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	118,900	...	...	118,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	101,100	...	...	101,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,325	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,050	...	...	52,050	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	44,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	25,790	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,100	...	...	117,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	33,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	250	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	125	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	210	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	490	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	995	...	...	3.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	855	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	775	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	885	...	...	2.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	895	...	...	2.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	970	...	...	2.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,895	...	...	5.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,940	...	...	5.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,875	...	...	5.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,780	...	...	5.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,750	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,405	...	...	52.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,285	...	...	12.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,620	...	...	10.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,005	...	...	15.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,495	...	...	13.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	33,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	280	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	130	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	210	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	510	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,055	...	...	3.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	945	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	940	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	950	...	...	2.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,120	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,075	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,380	...	...	7.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,200	...	...	6.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,160	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,195	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,205	...	...	6.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,740	...	...	44.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,815	...	...	14.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,650	...	...	11.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,280	...	...	19.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	25,105	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,190	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...	150,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,470	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,510	5,120	5,390	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	45,600	37,200	40,800	45,600	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	40,800	34,400	37,200	40,800	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	25,055	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	136,600	...	...	136,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,800	...	...	115,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,175	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,600	...	...	113,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,200	...	...	96,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	163,000	...	...	163,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,200	...	...	137,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,445	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,500	...	...	90,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,700	...	...	79,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,500	5,185	5,315	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,040	52,950	45,240	49,040	52,950	45,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,440	45,040	39,960	42,440	45,040	39,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	89,840	44,455	45,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,280	9,970	9,315	21.5	22.4	20.5
0 to 5 years	6,120	3,195	2,925	6.8	7.2	6.4
18 to 64 years	56,725	28,180	28,550	63.1	63.4	62.9
65 years and over	13,830	6,310	7,515	15.4	14.2	16.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,155	2,830	3,330	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,335	710	625	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	400	210	190	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,260	1,540	1,715	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,560	575	985	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.9	6.4	7.3	6.9	6.4	7.3
0 to 17 years (%)	6.9	7.1	6.7	6.9	7.1	6.7
0 to 5 years (%)	6.6	6.6	6.6	6.6	6.6	6.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.7	5.5	6.0	5.7	5.5	6.0
65 years and over (%)	11.3	9.1	13.1	11.3	9.1	13.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	89,840	44,455	45,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,285	9,965	9,320	21.5	22.4	20.5
0 to 5 years	6,120	3,195	2,930	6.8	7.2	6.5
18 to 64 years	56,730	28,175	28,550	63.1	63.4	62.9
65 years and over	13,825	6,310	7,515	15.4	14.2	16.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,820	1,920	1,905	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	785	425	360	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	210	110	100	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,465	1,260	1,205	...	...	...
65 years and over	575	230	340	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.3	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.2
0 to 17 years (%)	4.1	4.3	3.9	4.1	4.3	3.9
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.3	4.5	4.2	4.3	4.5	4.2
65 years and over (%)	4.1	3.7	4.5	4.1	3.7	4.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	89,840	44,455	45,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	34,055	16,215	17,835	37.9	36.5	39.3
In bottom decile	5,955	2,870	3,090	6.6	6.5	6.8
In second decile	5,780	2,535	3,245	6.4	5.7	7.1
In third decile	6,675	3,110	3,565	7.4	7.0	7.9
In fourth decile	7,195	3,425	3,770	8.0	7.7	8.3
In fifth decile	8,450	4,280	4,170	9.4	9.6	9.2
In top half of the distribution	55,785	28,240	27,550	62.1	63.5	60.7
In sixth decile	9,460	4,750	4,715	10.5	10.7	10.4
In seventh decile	10,465	5,280	5,185	11.6	11.9	11.4
In eighth decile	11,715	5,915	5,805	13.0	13.3	12.8
In ninth decile	13,235	6,680	6,555	14.7	15.0	14.4
In top decile	10,915	5,615	5,300	12.1	12.6	11.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	89,840	...	...	89,840	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.286	...	...	0.286	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.373	...	...	0.373	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.255	...	...	0.255	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	89,970	44,515	45,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	83,715	41,775	41,940	93.0	93.8	92.3
French only	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,125	2,265	2,860	5.7	5.1	6.3
Neither English nor French	1,110	470	635	1.2	1.1	1.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	89,970	44,515	45,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	87,790	43,550	44,235	97.6	97.8	97.3
French	835	390	445	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and French	290	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	1,065	445	620	1.2	1.0	1.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	89,970	44,515	45,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	87,410	43,335	44,080	97.2	97.3	97.0
Official languages	71,520	35,870	35,650	79.5	80.6	78.4
English	70,630	35,450	35,185	78.5	79.6	77.4
French	885	420	470	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-official languages	15,890	7,460	8,430	17.7	16.8	18.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,890	7,460	8,430	17.7	16.8	18.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	425	230	195	0.5	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	415	225	190	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	355	195	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	310	140	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	290	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,575	660	915	1.8	1.5	2.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,355	565	790	1.5	1.3	1.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	145	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,375	4,515	4,860	10.4	10.1	10.7
Albanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,080	985	1,095	2.3	2.2	2.4
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,065	980	1,085	2.3	2.2	2.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	140	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	560	260	295	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian	735	330	400	0.8	0.7	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	310	165	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	130	70	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,295	600	695	1.4	1.3	1.5
Frisian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	685	325	360	0.8	0.7	0.8
German	665	315	350	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	480	215	265	0.5	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	360	165	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,550	1,770	1,785	3.9	4.0	3.9
Indo-Aryan languages	2,125	1,020	1,100	2.4	2.3	2.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	300	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,360	640	720	1.5	1.4	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,430	745	685	1.6	1.7	1.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,330	690	640	1.5	1.6	1.4
Dari	345	185	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian Persian	870	440	430	1.0	1.0	0.9
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,290	1,070	1,220	2.5	2.4	2.7
Catalan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	355	190	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	395	170	225	0.4	0.4	0.5
Romanian	480	230	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	1,060	485	575	1.2	1.1	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	200	60	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	945	440	505	1.1	1.0	1.1
Mongolian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,235	1,005	1,235	2.5	2.3	2.7
Chinese languages	2,225	1,000	1,230	2.5	2.2	2.7
Hakka	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,480	655	825	1.6	1.5	1.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	635	300	335	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	365	170	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	265	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,560	1,185	1,370	2.8	2.7	3.0
English and French	290	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,990	930	1,060	2.2	2.1	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	200	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	89,970	44,515	45,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	73,370	36,670	36,695	81.5	82.4	80.7
French	140	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	4,115	1,945	2,175	4.6	4.4	4.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,105	1,935	2,175	4.6	4.3	4.8
English and French	620	295	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	11,075	5,265	5,810	12.3	11.8	12.8
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	315	140	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	320	140	175	0.4	0.3	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	89,970	44,515	45,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	87,490	43,310	44,175	97.2	97.3	97.2
Official languages	79,180	39,340	39,840	88.0	88.4	87.6
English	78,960	39,240	39,725	87.8	88.2	87.4
French	220	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	8,305	3,970	4,335	9.2	8.9	9.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,295	3,965	4,335	9.2	8.9	9.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	225	110	110	0.3	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	225	115	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	185	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	730	345	385	0.8	0.8	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	640	305	335	0.7	0.7	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,405	2,115	2,285	4.9	4.8	5.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	950	455	490	1.1	1.0	1.1
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	945	455	490	1.1	1.0	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	480	230	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	160	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,340	1,155	1,185	2.6	2.6	2.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,405	675	730	1.6	1.5	1.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindi	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	955	455	495	1.1	1.0	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	155	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	935	475	460	1.0	1.1	1.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	875	445	430	1.0	1.0	0.9
Dari	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	620	305	315	0.7	0.7	0.7
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	910	415	500	1.0	0.9	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	140	65	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	240	105	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Spanish	495	225	275	0.6	0.5	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	740	365	380	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,595	745	855	1.8	1.7	1.9
Chinese languages	1,595	740	850	1.8	1.7	1.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,170	545	620	1.3	1.2	1.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	375	170	205	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,485	1,205	1,280	2.8	2.7	2.8
English and French	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,270	1,115	1,155	2.5	2.5	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	89,970	44,515	45,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	79,665	39,670	40,000	88.5	89.1	88.0
English	3,535	1,720	1,810	3.9	3.9	4.0
French	525	250	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official language	5,105	2,330	2,775	5.7	5.2	6.1
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,095	2,325	2,775	5.7	5.2	6.1
English and French	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	435	210	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	160	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	490	240	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	89,860	44,470	45,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	88,655	43,965	44,690	98.7	98.9	98.5
English	88,640	43,965	44,670	98.6	98.9	98.4
French	5,090	2,255	2,830	5.7	5.1	6.2
Non-official languages	21,485	9,955	11,530	23.9	22.4	25.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,475	9,950	11,520	23.9	22.4	25.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	675	350	325	0.8	0.8	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	675	350	325	0.8	0.8	0.7
Amharic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	590	305	285	0.7	0.7	0.6
Aramaic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	325	145	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	325	145	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,160	860	1,295	2.4	1.9	2.9
Bikol	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	140	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	145	50	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,970	770	1,200	2.2	1.7	2.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	245	120	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-European languages	13,410	6,345	7,065	14.9	14.3	15.6
Albanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,580	1,225	1,355	2.9	2.8	3.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,575	1,225	1,350	2.9	2.8	3.0
Belarusian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	740	350	390	0.8	0.8	0.9
Russian	1,070	505	570	1.2	1.1	1.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	525	285	240	0.6	0.6	0.5
Bosnian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	240	150	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Serbian	215	115	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	200	80	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,095	980	1,115	2.3	2.2	2.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,260	615	640	1.4	1.4	1.4
German	1,240	610	625	1.4	1.4	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	695	310	390	0.8	0.7	0.9
Afrikaans	235	110	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Dutch	435	180	255	0.5	0.4	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	210	80	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Danish	100	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	145	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	5,200	2,480	2,720	5.8	5.6	6.0
Indo-Aryan languages	3,480	1,645	1,830	3.9	3.7	4.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	170	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	1,310	640	675	1.5	1.4	1.5
Kacchi	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nepali	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,215	1,040	1,175	2.5	2.3	2.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	330	170	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,830	900	930	2.0	2.0	2.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	1,730	845	880	1.9	1.9	1.9
Dari	520	255	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian Persian	1,075	520	560	1.2	1.2	1.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,760	1,800	1,965	4.2	4.0	4.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	635	310	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Portuguese	525	270	255	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	610	290	320	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	2,150	1,015	1,135	2.4	2.3	2.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	420	185	235	0.5	0.4	0.5
Korean	1,085	495	590	1.2	1.1	1.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	240	110	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	175	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	160	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,835	1,300	1,540	3.2	2.9	3.4
Chinese languages	2,830	1,295	1,535	3.1	2.9	3.4
Hakka	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	2,170	985	1,185	2.4	2.2	2.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	180	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	945	415	530	1.1	0.9	1.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	135	60	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	355	155	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	225	90	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	89,860	44,470	45,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,205	2,000	2,205	4.7	4.5	4.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,000	1,905	2,090	4.5	4.3	4.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,940	885	1,060	2.2	2.0	2.3
Métis	2,025	1,005	1,020	2.3	2.3	2.2
Inuk (Inuit)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	125	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	85,660	42,470	43,190	95.3	95.5	95.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	89,860	44,470	45,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,055	490	565	1.2	1.1	1.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	88,805	43,975	44,830	98.8	98.9	98.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	33,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	26,205	...	...	79.1	...	...
Renter	6,910	...	...	20.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	33,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,575	...	...	16.8	...	...
Not condominium	27,535	...	...	83.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	33,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	3,370	...	...	10.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,385	...	...	19.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,995	...	...	33.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,250	...	...	37.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	33,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,850	...	...	23.7	...	...
5 rooms	4,755	...	...	14.4	...	...
6 rooms	4,720	...	...	14.3	...	...
7 rooms	4,155	...	...	12.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,635	...	...	35.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	33,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	32,520	...	...	98.2	...	...
More than one person per room	585	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	33,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	31,800	...	...	96.0	...	...
Not suitable	1,310	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	33,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,750	...	...	8.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,730	...	...	20.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,775	...	...	17.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,245	...	...	18.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,630	...	...	7.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,950	...	...	8.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,575	...	...	7.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,450	...	...	10.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	33,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	31,515	...	...	95.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,600	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	33,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	14,010	...	...	42.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,315	...	...	49.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,780	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	33,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	415	...	...	1.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,645	...	...	11.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,455	...	...	19.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,850	...	...	20.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,430	...	...	22.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,095	...	...	15.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,325	...	...	7.0	...	...
85 years and over	890	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	32,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	25,570	...	...	77.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,410	...	...	22.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,640	...	...	20.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	33,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,535	...	...	28.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,710	...	...	20.3	...	...
Not suitable only	1,035	...	...	3.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,030	...	...	3.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	190	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	490	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	23,575	...	...	71.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	32,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,160	...	...	12.9	...	...
Not in core need	28,055	...	...	87.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,135	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.5	...	...	68.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.9	...	...	18.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.5	...	...	8.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,840	...	...	1,840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,924	...	...	1,924	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	955,000	...	...	955,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,905	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.8	...	...	35.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	30.0	...	...	30.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,472	...	...	1,472	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	89,865	44,465	45,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	955	405	550	1.1	0.9	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	930	395	530	1.0	0.9	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	585	255	335	0.7	0.6	0.7
Métis single ancestry	330	140	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,680	1,775	1,910	4.1	4.0	4.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,515	1,695	1,815	3.9	3.8	4.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,265	1,100	1,160	2.5	2.5	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,235	590	650	1.4	1.3	1.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	155	65	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	85,225	42,290	42,935	94.8	95.1	94.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	89,865	44,465	45,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	84,490	42,000	42,485	94.0	94.5	93.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,550	9,615	8,935	20.6	21.6	19.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	65,935	32,385	33,550	73.4	72.8	73.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,375	2,470	2,910	6.0	5.6	6.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	89,865	44,465	45,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	68,805	34,625	34,180	76.6	77.9	75.3
Immigrants⁸¹	20,230	9,465	10,770	22.5	21.3	23.7
Before 1980	4,445	1,975	2,470	4.9	4.4	5.4
1980 to 1990	2,095	1,080	1,020	2.3	2.4	2.2
1991 to 2000	3,895	1,800	2,100	4.3	4.0	4.6
2001 to 2010	4,870	2,345	2,525	5.4	5.3	5.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,930	2,275	2,650	5.5	5.1	5.8
2011 to 2015	2,770	1,235	1,530	3.1	2.8	3.4
2016 to 2021	2,160	1,040	1,115	2.4	2.3	2.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	825	380	445	0.9	0.9	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	20,235	9,465	10,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,100	1,060	1,035	10.4	11.2	9.6
5 to 14 years	3,640	1,810	1,835	18.0	19.1	17.0
15 to 24 years	3,870	1,685	2,185	19.1	17.8	20.3
25 to 44 years	8,735	4,050	4,685	43.2	42.8	43.5
45 years and over	1,885	850	1,035	9.3	9.0	9.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	20,235	9,465	10,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,120	1,065	1,055	10.5	11.3	9.8
Brazil	140	55	90	0.7	0.6	0.8
Colombia	110	40	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
El Salvador	200	100	100	1.0	1.1	0.9
Guyana	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mexico	245	110	135	1.2	1.2	1.3
Peru	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	90	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
United States of America	735	375	360	3.6	4.0	3.3
Other places of birth in Americas	430	260	170	2.1	2.7	1.6
Europe	6,945	3,250	3,690	34.3	34.3	34.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	115	70	45	0.6	0.7	0.4
Croatia	155	70	80	0.8	0.7	0.7
France	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Germany	555	235	320	2.7	2.5	3.0
Greece	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungary	120	50	65	0.6	0.5	0.6
Italy	205	110	100	1.0	1.2	0.9
Netherlands	345	155	190	1.7	1.6	1.8
Poland	515	240	275	2.5	2.5	2.6
Portugal	165	80	85	0.8	0.8	0.8
Romania	500	220	285	2.5	2.3	2.6
Russian Federation	440	200	245	2.2	2.1	2.3
Serbia⁸⁶	90	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	155	75	85	0.8	0.8	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,570	1,240	1,330	12.7	13.1	12.3
Other places of birth in Europe	910	415	495	4.5	4.4	4.6
Africa	1,065	520	540	5.3	5.5	5.0
Algeria	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	100	60	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
Eritrea	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopia	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigeria	100	50	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	440	205	235	2.2	2.2	2.2
Other places of birth in Africa	340	180	160	1.7	1.9	1.5
Asia	9,580	4,380	5,200	47.3	46.3	48.3
Afghanistan	380	175	210	1.9	1.8	1.9
Iran⁸⁸	995	515	485	4.9	5.4	4.5
Iraq	105	50	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lebanon	80	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	45	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Turkey	50	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
China⁹⁰	1,410	620	790	7.0	6.6	7.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	315	145	175	1.6	1.5	1.6
Korea, South⁹²	860	415	450	4.3	4.4	4.2
Taiwan	225	115	110	1.1	1.2	1.0
Philippines	2,000	820	1,175	9.9	8.7	10.9
Viet Nam	255	110	140	1.3	1.2	1.3
Bangladesh	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	1,615	790	825	8.0	8.3	7.7
Pakistan	165	80	90	0.8	0.8	0.8
Sri Lanka	90	35	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	960	405	555	4.7	4.3	5.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	520	245	270	2.6	2.6	2.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,155	1,040	1,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	330	140	190	15.3	13.5	17.0
Brazil	90	25	60	4.2	2.4	5.4
Colombia	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	0	25	1.2	0.0	2.2
United States of America	145	75	75	6.7	7.2	6.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
Other places of birth in Americas	45	30	15	2.1	2.9	1.3
Europe	365	190	175	16.9	18.3	15.7
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	35	20	10	1.6	1.9	0.9
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	30	15	15	1.4	1.4	1.3
Ukraine	30	15	15	1.4	1.4	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	50	55	4.9	4.8	4.9
Other places of birth in Europe	165	85	80	7.7	8.2	7.2
Africa	125	70	55	5.8	6.7	4.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	20	15	1.6	1.9	1.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	0	15	1.2	0.0	1.3
Sudan⁹⁷	15	10	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	20	10	1.2	1.9	0.9
Asia	1,310	615	690	60.8	59.1	61.9
Afghanistan	60	25	35	2.8	2.4	3.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	175	60	115	8.1	5.8	10.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
India	310	160	155	14.4	15.4	13.9
Iran⁸⁸	125	70	55	5.8	6.7	4.9
Iraq	20	15	0	0.9	1.4	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.3
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	90	50	40	4.2	4.8	3.6
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.9	1.0	0.9
Philippines	335	145	195	15.5	13.9	17.5
Saudi Arabia	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	30	15	20	1.4	1.4	1.8
Other places of birth in Asia	90	40	50	4.2	3.8	4.5
Oceania and other⁹³	20	20	0	0.9	1.9	0.0
Australia	15	10	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	89,860	44,470	45,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	21,965	10,250	11,720	24.4	23.0	25.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	19,710	9,720	9,990	21.9	21.9	22.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	48,185	24,500	23,690	53.6	55.1	52.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	15,785	7,490	8,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	8,755	4,330	4,425	55.5	57.8	53.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,480	2,135	1,350	22.0	28.5	16.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	5,270	2,200	3,070	33.4	29.4	37.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,645	1,895	2,755	29.4	25.3	33.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,260	1,215	1,040	14.3	16.2	12.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	130	55	75	0.8	0.7	0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	15,785	7,490	8,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	525	265	260	3.3	3.5	3.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,030	820	1,210	12.9	10.9	14.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	510	280	230	3.2	3.7	2.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	595	255	335	3.8	3.4	4.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	20	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	12,070	5,850	6,220	76.5	78.1	75.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	89,860	44,470	45,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	19,425	9,165	10,265	21.6	20.6	22.6
South Asian	4,245	2,015	2,235	4.7	4.5	4.9
Chinese	3,465	1,590	1,870	3.9	3.6	4.1
Black	1,440	765	680	1.6	1.7	1.5
Filipino	2,965	1,265	1,695	3.3	2.8	3.7
Arab	445	235	200	0.5	0.5	0.4
Latin American	1,310	640	675	1.5	1.4	1.5
Southeast Asian	905	420	485	1.0	0.9	1.1
West Asian	1,820	890	935	2.0	2.0	2.1
Korean	1,150	550	595	1.3	1.2	1.3
Japanese	610	270	340	0.7	0.6	0.7
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	295	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	780	380	405	0.9	0.9	0.9
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	70,435	35,305	35,130	78.4	79.4	77.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	89,860	44,465	45,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	11,765	5,910	5,855	13.1	13.3	12.9
English	23,550	11,755	11,800	26.2	26.4	26.0
Irish	14,075	6,790	7,285	15.7	15.3	16.0
Scottish	17,470	8,845	8,625	19.4	19.9	19.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,720	3,270	3,445	7.5	7.4	7.6
German	10,950	5,480	5,470	12.2	12.3	12.0
Chinese	3,500	1,620	1,880	3.9	3.6	4.1
Italian	4,065	2,120	1,950	4.5	4.8	4.3
Indian (India)	2,635	1,265	1,370	2.9	2.8	3.0
Ukrainian	5,170	2,595	2,575	5.8	5.8	5.7
Dutch	4,145	2,020	2,125	4.6	4.5	4.7
Polish	3,360	1,650	1,705	3.7	3.7	3.8
Québécois	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,140	2,105	2,035	4.6	4.7	4.5
Filipino	3,050	1,310	1,745	3.4	2.9	3.8
French Canadian	985	445	540	1.1	1.0	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,610	880	730	1.8	2.0	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,550	735	815	1.7	1.7	1.8
Métis	1,765	815	950	2.0	1.8	2.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,990	1,015	975	2.2	2.3	2.1
Russian	2,600	1,290	1,305	2.9	2.9	2.9
Norwegian	3,235	1,525	1,705	3.6	3.4	3.8
Welsh	2,220	1,130	1,095	2.5	2.5	2.4
Portuguese	1,125	545	585	1.3	1.2	1.3
American	1,240	635	605	1.4	1.4	1.3
Spanish	1,045	480	570	1.2	1.1	1.3
Swedish	2,125	970	1,155	2.4	2.2	2.5
Hungarian	1,460	705	760	1.6	1.6	1.7
Acadian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	315	160	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	365	205	155	0.4	0.5	0.3
Jewish	315	180	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
Punjabi	490	235	255	0.5	0.5	0.6
Vietnamese	425	200	230	0.5	0.4	0.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	155	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	485	245	240	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jamaican	315	155	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	580	300	280	0.6	0.7	0.6
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	385	175	210	0.4	0.4	0.5
Korean	1,115	530	585	1.2	1.2	1.3
Romanian	1,110	515	595	1.2	1.2	1.3
Lebanese	230	95	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iranian	945	475	465	1.1	1.1	1.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	245	135	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Danish	1,245	610	640	1.4	1.4	1.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	405	185	225	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sikh	375	180	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austrian	1,055	555	500	1.2	1.2	1.1
Belgian	460	225	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindu	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	610	295	310	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mennonite	235	125	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Swiss	400	225	180	0.4	0.5	0.4
Finnish	1,035	490	545	1.2	1.1	1.2
Sri Lankan	120	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Croatian	675	330	350	0.8	0.7	0.8
Japanese	810	340	465	0.9	0.8	1.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	230	85	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	735	375	360	0.8	0.8	0.8
Muslim	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	340	180	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tamil	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	630	320	310	0.7	0.7	0.7
Colombian	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	400	200	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	630	325	300	0.7	0.7	0.7
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	275	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ojibway	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	460	240	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	130	70	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkish	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Armenian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	255	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	200	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	250	130	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraqi	105	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Salvadorean	270	120	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Caribbean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	125	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
South African	420	190	225	0.5	0.4	0.5
Australian	355	185	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Palestinian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	135	90	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Congolese	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nova Scotian	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	45	20	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Israeli	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	120	75	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ghanaian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	125	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	145	50	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuban	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	135	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Venezuelan	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Laotian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	85	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern Irish	165	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	670	340	335	0.7	0.8	0.7
Ecuadorian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	115	75	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kurdish	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	340	160	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	145	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Honduran	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yemeni	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Costa Rican	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	89,860	44,470	45,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	520	200	315	0.6	0.4	0.7
Christian	33,120	15,265	17,860	36.9	34.3	39.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,935	4,245	4,690	9.9	9.5	10.3
Anabaptist	265	115	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anglican	2,255	965	1,290	2.5	2.2	2.8
Baptist	1,370	610	765	1.5	1.4	1.7
Catholic	11,945	5,630	6,315	13.3	12.7	13.9
Christian Orthodox	1,265	600	670	1.4	1.3	1.5
Jehovah's Witness	510	210	300	0.6	0.5	0.7
Latter Day Saints	190	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	910	395	515	1.0	0.9	1.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	150	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,000	465	535	1.1	1.0	1.2
Presbyterian	535	220	310	0.6	0.5	0.7
Reformed	120	70	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
United Church	2,015	780	1,230	2.2	1.8	2.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,655	785	875	1.8	1.8	1.9
Hindu	890	415	480	1.0	0.9	1.1
Jewish	145	50	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Muslim	2,105	1,050	1,050	2.3	2.4	2.3
Sikh	1,925	915	1,010	2.1	2.1	2.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	945	375	565	1.1	0.8	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	50,135	26,160	23,975	55.8	58.8	52.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	89,040	44,020	45,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	77,990	38,755	39,235	87.6	88.0	87.2
Movers	11,055	5,265	5,790	12.4	12.0	12.9
Non-migrants	5,045	2,365	2,675	5.7	5.4	5.9
Migrants	6,005	2,895	3,110	6.7	6.6	6.9
Internal migrants	5,540	2,725	2,810	6.2	6.2	6.2
Intraprovincial migrants	5,015	2,465	2,545	5.6	5.6	5.7
Interprovincial migrants	520	260	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
External migrants	470	175	300	0.5	0.4	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	84,990	41,875	43,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	48,590	24,000	24,590	57.2	57.3	57.0
Movers	36,405	17,870	18,535	42.8	42.7	43.0
Non-migrants	13,105	6,445	6,660	15.4	15.4	15.4
Migrants	23,300	11,425	11,875	27.4	27.3	27.5
Internal migrants	20,945	10,345	10,595	24.6	24.7	24.6
Intraprovincial migrants	19,045	9,395	9,650	22.4	22.4	22.4
Interprovincial migrants	1,905	955	950	2.2	2.3	2.2
External migrants	2,355	1,075	1,275	2.8	2.6	3.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,805	36,155	37,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,250	6,125	5,125	15.2	16.9	13.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,550	30,025	32,525	84.8	83.0	86.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,745	24,470	25,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,765	2,850	1,920	9.6	11.6	7.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	44,980	21,625	23,355	90.4	88.4	92.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,805	36,150	37,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,595	5,120	4,480	13.0	14.2	11.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,205	12,240	12,965	34.2	33.9	34.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,005	18,795	20,210	52.8	52.0	53.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,990	12,725	12,260	33.9	35.2	32.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,830	6,150	1,680	10.6	17.0	4.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,775	1,660	1,115	3.8	4.6	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,055	4,490	565	6.8	12.4	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,650	5,630	9,015	19.8	15.6	23.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,515	950	1,570	3.4	2.6	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,015	6,070	7,945	19.0	16.8	21.1
Bachelor's degree	9,290	4,005	5,280	12.6	11.1	14.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,370	500	875	1.9	1.4	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	260	115	145	0.4	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	2,725	1,225	1,500	3.7	3.4	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	370	225	140	0.5	0.6	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,750	24,475	25,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,745	2,270	1,480	7.5	9.3	5.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,255	7,785	7,465	30.7	31.8	29.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,750	14,420	16,330	61.8	58.9	64.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,075	9,495	9,575	38.3	38.8	37.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,730	4,535	1,195	11.5	18.5	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,945	1,145	800	3.9	4.7	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,785	3,390	395	7.6	13.9	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,410	4,225	7,185	22.9	17.3	28.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,930	735	1,195	3.9	3.0	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,675	4,930	6,750	23.5	20.1	26.7
Bachelor's degree	7,780	3,315	4,465	15.6	13.5	17.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,140	410	735	2.3	1.7	2.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	205	75	130	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	2,265	975	1,290	4.6	4.0	5.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	285	150	135	0.6	0.6	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	73,805	36,150	37,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,800	17,355	17,445	47.2	48.0	46.3
Education	2,850	565	2,285	3.9	1.6	6.1
13. Education	2,850	565	2,285	3.9	1.6	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,430	620	810	1.9	1.7	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	170	45	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,210	450	765	1.6	1.2	2.0
Humanities	1,805	700	1,110	2.4	1.9	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	195	30	170	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	440	125	315	0.6	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	555	210	340	0.8	0.6	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	85	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	195	120	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	215	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,300	1,260	3,040	5.8	3.5	8.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	415	215	200	0.6	0.6	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	860	65	800	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	735	105	625	1.0	0.3	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
42. Psychology	715	210	510	1.0	0.6	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,500	645	855	2.0	1.8	2.3
Business, management and public administration	7,505	2,805	4,700	10.2	7.8	12.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	440	110	325	0.6	0.3	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,040	2,675	4,365	9.5	7.4	11.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,085	610	480	1.5	1.7	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	440	205	235	0.6	0.6	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	300	160	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	325	235	90	0.4	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,345	905	440	1.8	2.5	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,135	830	305	1.5	2.3	0.8
25. Library science	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,510	8,815	700	12.9	24.4	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	175	100	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,550	1,300	250	2.1	3.6	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,570	1,405	165	2.1	3.9	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,860	2,750	100	3.9	7.6	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,040	1,990	50	2.8	5.5	0.1
48. Precision production	1,315	1,260	50	1.8	3.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	895	390	505	1.2	1.1	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	655	250	410	0.9	0.7	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	240	140	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	5,815	920	4,890	7.9	2.5	13.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	505	255	250	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,215	615	4,595	7.1	1.7	12.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,455	1,210	1,250	3.3	3.3	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,485	385	1,100	2.0	1.1	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	425	330	90	0.6	0.9	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	530	470	60	0.7	1.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	49,745	24,475	25,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,995	10,055	8,940	38.2	41.1	35.4
Education	2,165	395	1,770	4.4	1.6	7.0
13. Education	2,165	395	1,770	4.4	1.6	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,130	455	675	2.3	1.9	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	140	105	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	995	350	650	2.0	1.4	2.6
Humanities	1,325	495	825	2.7	2.0	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	140	30	110	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	330	80	250	0.7	0.3	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	410	145	260	0.8	0.6	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	65	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	90	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	180	85	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,635	1,005	2,640	7.3	4.1	10.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	355	175	185	0.7	0.7	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	755	60	700	1.5	0.2	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	630	85	540	1.3	0.3	2.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	595	160	440	1.2	0.7	1.7
45. Social sciences	1,240	505	735	2.5	2.1	2.9
Business, management and public administration	6,135	2,275	3,860	12.3	9.3	15.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	315	80	235	0.6	0.3	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,795	2,180	3,615	11.6	8.9	14.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	825	445	375	1.7	1.8	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	355	165	190	0.7	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	215	105	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	250	175	80	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,190	810	380	2.4	3.3	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,015	750	270	2.0	3.1	1.1
25. Library science	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	135	60	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,290	6,690	605	14.7	27.3	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	130	60	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
14. Engineering	1,320	1,100	220	2.7	4.5	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,155	1,005	150	2.3	4.1	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,165	2,075	90	4.4	8.5	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,560	1,525	35	3.1	6.2	0.1
48. Precision production	970	915	50	1.9	3.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	670	250	415	1.3	1.0	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	495	165	330	1.0	0.7	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	170	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Health and related fields	4,595	725	3,875	9.2	3.0	15.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	470	225	250	0.9	0.9	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,070	480	3,595	8.2	2.0	14.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,785	875	910	3.6	3.6	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,050	265	780	2.1	1.1	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	370	285	90	0.7	1.2	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	355	315	40	0.7	1.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	49,745	24,475	25,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,995	10,055	8,940	38.2	41.1	35.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	30,750	14,420	16,330	61.8	58.9	64.6
Location of study inside Canada	24,415	11,465	12,950	49.1	46.8	51.2
Same as province or territory of residence	21,260	9,850	11,410	42.7	40.2	45.1
Different than province or territory of residence	3,150	1,610	1,540	6.3	6.6	6.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,335	2,955	3,380	12.7	12.1	13.4
Americas	1,105	550	560	2.2	2.2	2.2
United States of America	730	375	355	1.5	1.5	1.4
Mexico	115	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Peru	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	1,735	915	815	3.5	3.7	3.2
Belgium	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germany	60	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	115	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	225	95	130	0.5	0.4	0.5
Russian Federation	265	135	130	0.5	0.6	0.5
Ukraine	100	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	625	360	265	1.3	1.5	1.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	160	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	305	155	145	0.6	0.6	0.6
Nigeria	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	165	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	3,025	1,245	1,775	6.1	5.1	7.0
Iran⁸⁸	310	150	160	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iraq	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israel	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	555	230	325	1.1	0.9	1.3
Taiwan	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japan	55	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	320	130	190	0.6	0.5	0.8
Philippines	825	300	525	1.7	1.2	2.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	495	200	295	1.0	0.8	1.2
Pakistan	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	155	70	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oceania	170	90	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Australia	135	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
New Zealand	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	73,805	36,150	37,655	...	...	...
In the labour force	49,875	26,325	23,555	...	...	...
Employed	46,530	24,665	21,860	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,345	1,655	1,695	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	23,935	9,835	14,100	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.6	72.8	62.6	67.6	72.8	62.6
Employment rate	63.0	68.2	58.1	63.0	68.2	58.1
Unemployment rate	6.7	6.3	7.2	6.7	6.3	7.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	73,805	36,150	37,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	24,280	10,005	14,270	32.9	27.7	37.9
Worked	49,525	26,150	23,380	67.1	72.3	62.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,185	16,770	11,415	38.2	46.4	30.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	21,340	9,375	11,965	28.9	25.9	31.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.6	41.2	42.5	43.6	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	49,870	26,320	23,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	905	390	515	1.8	1.5	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	48,970	25,930	23,035	98.2	98.5	97.8
Employee	41,215	21,145	20,070	82.6	80.3	85.2
Permanent position	36,460	19,020	17,440	73.1	72.3	74.0
Temporary position	4,760	2,130	2,630	9.5	8.1	11.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,425	650	770	2.9	2.5	3.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,340	1,480	1,855	6.7	5.6	7.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,750	4,780	2,965	15.5	18.2	12.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	49,870	26,320	23,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	905	390	515	1.8	1.5	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	48,970	25,930	23,035	98.2	98.5	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	540	360	180	1.1	1.4	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,310	2,190	6,120	16.7	8.3	26.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,140	2,445	700	6.3	9.3	3.0
3 Health occupations	3,165	580	2,590	6.3	2.2	11.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,150	1,850	4,305	12.3	7.0	18.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,670	845	825	3.3	3.2	3.5
6 Sales and service occupations	11,730	5,080	6,650	23.5	19.3	28.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,575	10,640	940	23.2	40.4	4.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	955	660	295	1.9	2.5	1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,735	1,295	440	3.5	4.9	1.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	49,870	26,320	23,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	905	390	515	1.8	1.5	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	48,970	25,930	23,035	98.2	98.5	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	515	295	220	1.0	1.1	0.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	150	130	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	320	260	60	0.6	1.0	0.3
23 Construction	6,300	5,345	955	12.6	20.3	4.1
31-33 Manufacturing	3,335	2,455	880	6.7	9.3	3.7
41 Wholesale trade	2,415	1,630	780	4.8	6.2	3.3
44-45 Retail trade	5,910	2,755	3,155	11.9	10.5	13.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,785	2,180	605	5.6	8.3	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	1,325	935	390	2.7	3.6	1.7
52 Finance and insurance	1,720	610	1,110	3.4	2.3	4.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,070	510	555	2.1	1.9	2.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,015	1,540	1,475	6.0	5.9	6.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	145	40	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,225	1,320	900	4.5	5.0	3.8
61 Educational services	3,795	1,015	2,775	7.6	3.9	11.8
62 Health care and social assistance	5,665	955	4,710	11.4	3.6	20.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	985	495	490	2.0	1.9	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	2,480	990	1,490	5.0	3.8	6.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,170	1,090	1,080	4.4	4.1	4.6
91 Public administration	2,660	1,380	1,280	5.3	5.2	5.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	52,970	27,700	25,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	50,740	26,595	24,145	95.8	96.0	95.5
French	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	375	180	195	0.7	0.6	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	375	180	195	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and French	295	115	185	0.6	0.4	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	1,430	775	655	2.7	2.8	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	52,970	27,700	25,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	52,605	27,460	25,155	99.3	99.1	99.5
Official languages	51,910	27,100	24,810	98.0	97.8	98.2
English	51,805	27,085	24,715	97.8	97.8	97.8
French	110	15	95	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	700	355	345	1.3	1.3	1.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	700	355	345	1.3	1.3	1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	185	105	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	120	75	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	185	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	280	150	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	280	150	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	190	95	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	360	245	115	0.7	0.9	0.5
English and French	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	310	220	90	0.6	0.8	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	52,970	27,700	25,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	51,510	27,005	24,510	97.2	97.5	97.0
English	330	165	170	0.6	0.6	0.7
French	215	100	115	0.4	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	780	375	405	1.5	1.4	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	780	375	405	1.5	1.4	1.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	46,530	24,670	21,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,605	3,745	4,860	18.5	15.2	22.2
Worked outside Canada	110	75	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	8,525	6,475	2,055	18.3	26.2	9.4
Usual place of work	29,285	14,370	14,910	62.9	58.2	68.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,285	14,370	14,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,140	4,145	6,995	38.0	28.8	46.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	16,690	9,500	7,190	57.0	66.1	48.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,380	680	700	4.7	4.7	4.7
Commute to a different province or territory	75	50	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	37,810	20,845	16,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	34,075	19,205	14,870	90.1	92.1	87.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,710	18,235	13,475	83.9	87.5	79.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,360	970	1,390	6.2	4.7	8.2
Public transit	1,700	720	980	4.5	3.5	5.8
Walked	1,210	480	735	3.2	2.3	4.3
Bicycle	170	120	45	0.4	0.6	0.3
Other method	660	320	335	1.7	1.5	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	37,810	20,845	16,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,015	3,460	5,555	23.8	16.6	32.7
15 to 29 minutes	9,465	4,985	4,485	25.0	23.9	26.4
30 to 44 minutes	9,100	5,505	3,595	24.1	26.4	21.2
45 to 59 minutes	5,265	3,450	1,810	13.9	16.6	10.7
60 minutes and over	4,965	3,445	1,525	13.1	16.5	9.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	37,810	20,845	16,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,675	3,625	1,045	12.4	17.4	6.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,205	4,905	2,295	19.1	23.5	13.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,430	4,690	4,745	24.9	22.5	28.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,410	2,610	3,800	17.0	12.5	22.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,410	1,715	2,695	11.7	8.2	15.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,680	3,300	2,385	15.0	15.8	14.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,700	10,175	9,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,000	495	500	5.1	4.9	5.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,705	9,680	9,025	94.9	95.1	94.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,300	7,355	6,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	730	375	355	5.1	5.1	5.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	335	175	160	2.3	2.4	2.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	395	200	195	2.8	2.7	2.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,565	6,985	6,580	94.9	95.0	94.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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