Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Pitt Meadows, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	19,146	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	18,573	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	7,628	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,404	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	221.7	...	...	221.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	86.34	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	19,145	9,425	9,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	3,270	1,765	1,510	17.1	18.7	15.5
0 to 4 years	1,025	540	480	5.4	5.7	4.9
5 to 9 years	1,160	635	520	6.1	6.7	5.3
10 to 14 years	1,090	585	505	5.7	6.2	5.2
15 to 64 years	12,385	6,095	6,285	64.7	64.7	64.7
15 to 19 years	985	495	485	5.1	5.3	5.0
20 to 24 years	890	475	410	4.6	5.0	4.2
25 to 29 years	1,005	505	505	5.2	5.4	5.2
30 to 34 years	1,205	590	615	6.3	6.3	6.3
35 to 39 years	1,355	665	690	7.1	7.1	7.1
40 to 44 years	1,340	650	690	7.0	6.9	7.1
45 to 49 years	1,255	600	660	6.6	6.4	6.8
50 to 54 years	1,360	650	710	7.1	6.9	7.3
55 to 59 years	1,510	760	755	7.9	8.1	7.8
60 to 64 years	1,480	710	765	7.7	7.5	7.9
65 years and over	3,490	1,560	1,930	18.2	16.6	19.9
65 to 69 years	1,100	495	605	5.7	5.3	6.2
70 to 74 years	965	440	525	5.0	4.7	5.4
75 to 79 years	645	300	345	3.4	3.2	3.5
80 to 84 years	435	190	245	2.3	2.0	2.5
85 years and over	345	140	205	1.8	1.5	2.1
85 to 89 years	225	85	140	1.2	0.9	1.4
90 to 94 years	90	35	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
95 to 99 years	30	10	10	0.2	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.1	18.7	15.5	17.1	18.7	15.5
15 to 64 years	64.7	64.7	64.7	64.7	64.7	64.7
65 years and over	18.2	16.6	19.9	18.2	16.6	19.9
85 years and over	1.8	1.5	2.1	1.8	1.5	2.1
Average age of the population	42.2	40.9	43.4	42.2	40.9	43.4
Median age of the population	43.2	41.6	44.8	43.2	41.6	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	3,100	...	...	41.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	235	...	...	3.2	...	...
Row house	1,380	...	...	18.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	650	...	...	8.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,715	...	...	23.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	145	...	...	2.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	175	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,710	...	...	23.1	...	...
2 persons	2,580	...	...	34.8	...	...
3 persons	1,245	...	...	16.8	...	...
4 persons	1,270	...	...	17.2	...	...
5 or more persons	600	...	...	8.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	19,025	9,395	9,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	15,870	7,660	8,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	9,970	4,985	4,980	62.8	65.1	60.6
Married	8,500	4,260	4,240	53.6	55.6	51.6
Living common-law	1,470	725	740	9.3	9.5	9.0
Living common law - Never married	965	480	480	6.1	6.3	5.8
Living common law - Separated	80	45	30	0.5	0.6	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	370	190	185	2.3	2.5	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	60	20	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	5,905	2,670	3,235	37.2	34.9	39.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,655	1,990	1,670	23.0	26.0	20.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	430	170	260	2.7	2.2	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,030	350	680	6.5	4.6	8.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	795	165	625	5.0	2.2	7.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	2,860	...	...	49.8	...	...
3 persons	1,275	...	...	22.2	...	...
4 persons	1,240	...	...	21.6	...	...
5 or more persons	365	...	...	6.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	4,895	...	...	85.4	...	...
Married couples	4,160	...	...	72.5	...	...
With children⁶	2,325	...	...	40.5	...	...
Without children	1,840	...	...	32.1	...	...
Common-law couples	735	...	...	12.8	...	...
With children⁶	250	...	...	4.4	...	...
Without children	485	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	845	...	...	14.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	655	...	...	11.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	185	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	19,025	9,395	9,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	16,415	8,230	8,185	86.3	87.6	85.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,790	4,885	4,905	51.5	52.0	50.9
Parents in one-parent families	840	185	660	4.4	2.0	6.9
Children⁶	5,780	3,155	2,625	30.4	33.6	27.2
In a two-parent family	4,560	2,455	2,105	24.0	26.1	21.8
In a one-parent family	1,220	695	525	6.4	7.4	5.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,610	1,170	1,445	13.7	12.5	15.0
Living alone	1,705	705	995	9.0	7.5	10.3
Living with other relatives⁷	420	165	255	2.2	1.8	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	480	295	185	2.5	3.1	1.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,910	...	...	66.4	...	...
Couple-family households	4,270	...	...	57.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,245	...	...	30.3	...	...
Without children	2,025	...	...	27.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	640	...	...	8.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	280	...	...	3.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	75	...	...	1.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	245	...	...	3.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	190	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	1,705	...	...	23.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	15,755	7,630	8,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,330	7,440	7,890	97.3	97.5	97.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	56,800	39,600	46,800	56,800	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,330	7,435	7,890	97.3	97.4	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,000	36,000	42,400	50,000	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,100	6,970	7,130	89.5	91.3	87.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	54,000	32,400	42,000	54,000	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,375	5,805	5,570	72.2	76.1	68.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	59,200	37,200	47,600	59,200	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,245	5,405	6,835	77.7	70.8	84.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	8,100	10,000	9,200	8,100	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,325	520	805	8.4	6.8	9.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,000	5,720	5,480	5,000	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,590	1,620	1,970	22.8	21.2	24.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	15,750	7,630	8,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,320	7,425	7,895	97.3	97.3	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,200	68,000	47,040	57,200	68,000	47,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,330	7,430	7,895	97.3	97.4	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,360	56,100	41,040	48,360	56,100	41,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,105	6,980	7,125	89.6	91.5	87.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,000	65,000	41,200	53,000	65,000	41,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,370	5,810	5,565	72.2	76.1	68.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,250	66,000	44,040	55,250	66,000	44,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,190	5,370	6,825	77.4	70.4	84.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,600	9,570	11,400	10,600	9,570	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,185	475	710	7.5	6.2	8.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,110	5,540	6,480	6,110	5,540	6,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,820	1,740	2,080	24.3	22.8	25.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,540	7,840	9,130	8,540	7,840	9,130
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	15,750	7,630	8,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,915	3,490	2,425	37.6	45.7	29.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	78,000	60,800	69,500	78,000	60,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,900	86,300	68,100	78,900	86,300	68,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,200	1,765	2,440	26.7	23.1	30.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800	25,800	19,400	21,800	25,800	19,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,560	37,840	27,000	31,560	37,840	27,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.2	89.8	79.0	85.2	89.8	79.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.8	76.0	66.0	71.8	76.0	66.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.7	10.2	21.0	14.7	10.2	21.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.2	0.8	0.5	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	3.3	6.5	4.7	3.3	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	2.7	5.1	3.7	2.7	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	15,750	7,630	8,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	425	195	235	2.7	2.6	2.9
With total income	15,325	7,435	7,890	97.3	97.4	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,220	490	725	8.0	6.6	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	1,540	580	955	10.0	7.8	12.1
$20,000 to $29,999	1,985	745	1,240	13.0	10.0	15.7
$30,000 to $39,999	1,805	745	1,060	11.8	10.0	13.4
$40,000 to $49,999	1,640	705	935	10.7	9.5	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	1,440	670	770	9.4	9.0	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	1,220	605	615	8.0	8.1	7.8
$70,000 to $79,999	990	565	425	6.5	7.6	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	820	455	365	5.4	6.1	4.6
$90,000 to $99,999	690	440	250	4.5	5.9	3.2
$100,000 and over	1,975	1,430	550	12.9	19.2	7.0
$100,000 to $149,999	1,385	965	415	9.0	13.0	5.3
$150,000 and over	595	465	130	3.9	6.3	1.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	15,750	7,630	8,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	425	190	230	2.7	2.5	2.8
With after-tax income	15,330	7,440	7,890	97.3	97.5	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,255	505	750	8.2	6.8	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	1,610	600	1,005	10.5	8.1	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	2,265	860	1,405	14.8	11.6	17.8
$30,000 to $39,999	2,120	905	1,215	13.8	12.2	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	1,920	855	1,065	12.5	11.5	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,645	835	810	10.7	11.2	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	1,280	710	570	8.3	9.5	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,005	605	400	6.6	8.1	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	660	415	245	4.3	5.6	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	500	335	165	3.3	4.5	2.1
$100,000 and over	1,075	815	260	7.0	11.0	3.3
$100,000 to $124,999	600	440	160	3.9	5.9	2.0
$125,000 and over	470	370	100	3.1	5.0	1.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	15,750	7,630	8,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	4,380	1,825	2,555	27.8	23.9	31.4
With employment income	11,375	5,805	5,565	72.2	76.1	68.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,350	570	785	11.9	9.8	14.1
$5,000 to $9,999	770	320	450	6.8	5.5	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	1,090	435	650	9.6	7.5	11.7
$20,000 to $29,999	880	370	505	7.7	6.4	9.1
$30,000 to $39,999	945	390	550	8.3	6.7	9.9
$40,000 to $49,999	915	390	520	8.0	6.7	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	1,020	470	550	9.0	8.1	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	875	480	395	7.7	8.3	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	760	445	320	6.7	7.7	5.8
$80,000 to $89,999	605	375	230	5.3	6.5	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	545	345	195	4.8	5.9	3.5
$100,000 and over	1,630	1,220	405	14.3	21.0	7.3
$100,000 to $124,999	785	560	230	6.9	9.6	4.1
$125,000 and over	845	665	180	7.4	11.5	3.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	15,755	7,630	8,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,960	7,250	7,710	95.0	95.0	95.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	56,800	37,600	45,600	56,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,000	7,265	7,735	95.2	95.2	95.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	49,200	34,000	40,400	49,200	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,995	6,920	7,070	88.8	90.7	87.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	55,200	34,000	43,200	55,200	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,790	5,960	5,830	74.8	78.1	71.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	58,800	36,800	46,000	58,800	36,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,515	3,795	5,720	60.4	49.7	70.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,750	6,040	6,950	6,750	6,040	6,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	940	365	570	6.0	4.8	7.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	3,840	6,040	5,120	3,840	6,040
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	15,750	7,630	8,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,955	7,230	7,720	95.0	94.8	95.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,450	66,800	44,800	55,450	66,800	44,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,995	7,240	7,755	95.2	94.9	95.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,160	54,500	38,360	46,160	54,500	38,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,915	6,915	7,005	88.3	90.6	86.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,700	65,400	42,240	53,700	65,400	42,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,835	6,015	5,820	75.1	78.8	71.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,000	64,700	42,880	54,000	64,700	42,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,355	3,720	5,640	59.4	48.8	69.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,680	8,340	8,900	8,680	8,340	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	835	365	480	5.3	4.8	5.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,340	5,220	8,960	7,340	5,220	8,960
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	15,750	7,630	8,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,885	3,455	2,435	37.4	45.3	30.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	76,000	57,200	67,000	76,000	57,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,000	84,500	64,000	76,000	84,500	64,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,055	1,745	2,310	25.7	22.9	28.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,400	35,200	24,000	27,400	35,200	24,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,480	44,640	32,040	37,480	44,640	32,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.2	93.6	85.4	90.2	93.6	85.4
Employment income (%)	77.2	80.6	72.2	77.2	80.6	72.2
Government transfers (%)	9.8	6.4	14.5	9.8	6.4	14.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.4	1.2	0.7	0.4	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...	43,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,700	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,405	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	118,400	...	...	118,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	100,100	...	...	100,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,710	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,750	...	...	53,750	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,560	...	...	46,560	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	137,800	...	...	137,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,200	...	...	116,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	40	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	80	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	190	...	...	2.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	180	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	215	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	175	...	...	2.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	215	...	...	2.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	195	...	...	2.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	460	...	...	6.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	435	...	...	5.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	485	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	405	...	...	5.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	400	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,860	...	...	52.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	955	...	...	12.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	875	...	...	11.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,095	...	...	14.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	935	...	...	12.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	45	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	85	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	200	...	...	2.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	225	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	215	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	225	...	...	3.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	230	...	...	3.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	255	...	...	3.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	550	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	540	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	510	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	505	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	490	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,255	...	...	44.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,130	...	...	15.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	850	...	...	11.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,270	...	...	17.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,065	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,000	...	...	153,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,185	1,000	1,190	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,600	52,000	41,600	45,600	52,000	41,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	46,000	38,000	41,200	46,000	38,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	136,600	...	...	136,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,100	...	...	115,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,700	...	...	116,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,800	...	...	98,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,565	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	167,400	...	...	167,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,600	...	...	139,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...	87,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,200	...	...	76,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,165	1,010	1,160	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,300	57,600	49,600	53,300	57,600	49,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,040	48,800	43,700	46,040	48,800	43,700
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	19,025	9,395	9,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,860	2,045	1,815	20.3	21.8	18.8
0 to 5 years	1,265	680	580	6.6	7.2	6.0
18 to 64 years	11,785	5,805	5,980	61.9	61.8	62.1
65 years and over	3,380	1,540	1,840	17.8	16.4	19.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,235	545	690	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	255	140	115	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	75	35	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	645	290	355	...	...	...
65 years and over	330	110	220	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.5	5.8	7.2	6.5	5.8	7.2
0 to 17 years (%)	6.7	6.8	6.4	6.7	6.8	6.4
0 to 5 years (%)	6.0	5.6	6.4	6.0	5.6	6.4
18 to 64 years (%)	5.5	5.0	5.9	5.5	5.0	5.9
65 years and over (%)	9.8	7.1	12.1	9.8	7.1	12.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	19,025	9,395	9,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,860	2,050	1,810	20.3	21.8	18.8
0 to 5 years	1,260	685	580	6.6	7.3	6.0
18 to 64 years	11,785	5,810	5,975	61.9	61.8	62.0
65 years and over	3,380	1,540	1,845	17.8	16.4	19.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	585	285	305	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	115	60	60	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	30	15	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	370	190	180	...	...	...
65 years and over	100	30	65	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.1
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	2.9	3.1	3.0	2.9	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.0	2.4	2.2	2.0	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.3	3.0	3.2	3.3	3.0
65 years and over (%)	2.9	2.0	3.6	2.9	2.0	3.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	19,025	9,395	9,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	6,800	3,170	3,630	35.7	33.7	37.7
In bottom decile	1,100	515	580	5.8	5.5	6.0
In second decile	1,185	510	675	6.2	5.4	7.0
In third decile	1,215	570	650	6.4	6.1	6.7
In fourth decile	1,505	710	800	7.9	7.6	8.3
In fifth decile	1,795	870	930	9.4	9.3	9.7
In top half of the distribution	12,225	6,225	6,005	64.3	66.3	62.4
In sixth decile	2,100	1,055	1,045	11.0	11.2	10.9
In seventh decile	2,265	1,125	1,145	11.9	12.0	11.9
In eighth decile	2,610	1,335	1,270	13.7	14.2	13.2
In ninth decile	2,855	1,460	1,390	15.0	15.5	14.4
In top decile	2,405	1,260	1,150	12.6	13.4	11.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	19,025	...	...	19,025	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.284	...	...	0.284	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.369	...	...	0.369	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.253	...	...	0.253	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	19,140	9,420	9,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	17,420	8,665	8,750	91.0	92.0	90.1
French only	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	1,490	640	850	7.8	6.8	8.7
Neither English nor French	230	115	115	1.2	1.2	1.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	19,140	9,420	9,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	18,655	9,180	9,470	97.5	97.5	97.5
French	215	105	105	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	220	110	110	1.1	1.2	1.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	19,140	9,420	9,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	18,550	9,125	9,430	96.9	96.9	97.1
Official languages	14,980	7,430	7,550	78.3	78.9	77.7
English	14,765	7,325	7,440	77.1	77.8	76.6
French	215	105	110	1.1	1.1	1.1
Non-official languages	3,570	1,695	1,875	18.7	18.0	19.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,570	1,695	1,875	18.7	18.0	19.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	125	70	55	0.7	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	125	70	55	0.7	0.7	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	115	65	50	0.6	0.7	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	390	175	215	2.0	1.9	2.2
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	315	145	175	1.6	1.5	1.8
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Telugu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,180	1,060	1,120	11.4	11.3	11.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	425	195	235	2.2	2.1	2.4
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	425	200	230	2.2	2.1	2.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Polish	95	45	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
Russian	200	90	105	1.0	1.0	1.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	285	140	140	1.5	1.5	1.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	150	70	80	0.8	0.7	0.8
German	150	70	80	0.8	0.7	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	105	60	50	0.5	0.6	0.5
Afrikaans	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dutch	75	45	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	845	410	435	4.4	4.4	4.5
Indo-Aryan languages	515	250	265	2.7	2.7	2.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	15	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hindi	55	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	400	200	200	2.1	2.1	2.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Urdu	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	330	160	170	1.7	1.7	1.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian languages	305	155	150	1.6	1.6	1.5
Dari	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Iranian Persian	195	100	100	1.0	1.1	1.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	605	305	295	3.2	3.2	3.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	95	55	45	0.5	0.6	0.5
Portuguese	130	65	65	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	125	55	70	0.7	0.6	0.7
Spanish	255	130	120	1.3	1.4	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	65	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.5
Korean	230	115	115	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	395	175	220	2.1	1.9	2.3
Chinese languages	390	170	215	2.0	1.8	2.2
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	170	75	95	0.9	0.8	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	190	90	105	1.0	1.0	1.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Finnish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	590	300	295	3.1	3.2	3.0
English and French	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	430	220	205	2.2	2.3	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	19,140	9,420	9,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	15,480	7,645	7,840	80.9	81.2	80.7
French	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-official language	955	485	475	5.0	5.1	4.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	955	485	475	5.0	5.1	4.9
English and French	195	80	110	1.0	0.8	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,355	1,135	1,220	12.3	12.0	12.6
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	19,140	9,420	9,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	18,685	9,210	9,480	97.6	97.8	97.6
Official languages	16,895	8,310	8,585	88.3	88.2	88.4
English	16,860	8,285	8,570	88.1	88.0	88.2
French	35	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Non-official languages	1,790	900	890	9.4	9.6	9.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,790	900	890	9.4	9.6	9.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	185	90	95	1.0	1.0	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	80	80	0.8	0.8	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	995	510	485	5.2	5.4	5.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	210	105	110	1.1	1.1	1.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	205	100	105	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.3
Russian	120	60	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	505	255	250	2.6	2.7	2.6
Indo-Aryan languages	295	155	145	1.5	1.6	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	130	125	1.3	1.4	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	210	105	105	1.1	1.1	1.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian languages	185	95	90	1.0	1.0	0.9
Dari	45	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	130	70	65	0.7	0.7	0.7
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	245	130	115	1.3	1.4	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	125	70	55	0.7	0.7	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	175	85	85	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	270	130	140	1.4	1.4	1.4
Chinese languages	265	130	140	1.4	1.4	1.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	115	55	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	135	65	70	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	450	215	240	2.4	2.3	2.5
English and French	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	425	195	225	2.2	2.1	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	19,140	9,420	9,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	16,845	8,320	8,525	88.0	88.3	87.7
English	710	350	355	3.7	3.7	3.7
French	185	80	100	1.0	0.8	1.0
Non-official language	1,165	560	605	6.1	5.9	6.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,165	560	605	6.1	5.9	6.2
English and French	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	80	45	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	105	45	60	0.5	0.5	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	19,025	9,395	9,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	18,770	9,285	9,485	98.7	98.8	98.5
English	18,760	9,280	9,480	98.6	98.8	98.4
French	1,550	645	905	8.1	6.9	9.4
Non-official languages	5,000	2,360	2,640	26.3	25.1	27.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,000	2,360	2,640	26.3	25.1	27.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	195	105	90	1.0	1.1	0.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	195	105	90	1.0	1.1	0.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	175	90	80	0.9	1.0	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	40	80	0.6	0.4	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	90	20	65	0.5	0.2	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	670	295	380	3.5	3.1	3.9
Bikol	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cebuano	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Indonesian	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	625	270	350	3.3	2.9	3.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,010	1,500	1,515	15.8	16.0	15.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	570	300	270	3.0	3.2	2.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	570	300	270	3.0	3.2	2.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Polish	75	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Russian	310	165	145	1.6	1.8	1.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	110	65	40	0.6	0.7	0.4
Bosnian	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatian	60	35	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Serbian	50	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	430	210	220	2.3	2.2	2.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	270	120	145	1.4	1.3	1.5
German	265	115	145	1.4	1.2	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	155	65	90	0.8	0.7	0.9
Afrikaans	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dutch	95	45	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	30	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Danish	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	1,050	500	545	5.5	5.3	5.7
Indo-Aryan languages	760	375	385	4.0	4.0	4.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindi	215	105	115	1.1	1.1	1.2
Kacchi	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	555	280	275	2.9	3.0	2.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	295	130	165	1.6	1.4	1.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Persian languages	275	130	145	1.4	1.4	1.5
Dari	115	45	70	0.6	0.5	0.7
Iranian Persian	170	90	85	0.9	1.0	0.9
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,015	525	490	5.3	5.6	5.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	165	95	70	0.9	1.0	0.7
Portuguese	225	110	120	1.2	1.2	1.2
Romanian	190	85	110	1.0	0.9	1.1
Spanish	485	265	220	2.5	2.8	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	90	40	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
Korean	290	140	150	1.5	1.5	1.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
American Sign Language	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	595	250	345	3.1	2.7	3.6
Chinese languages	590	250	345	3.1	2.7	3.6
Hakka	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	355	155	205	1.9	1.6	2.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	310	125	185	1.6	1.3	1.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	85	35	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
Estonian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Finnish	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Hungarian	50	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,025	9,395	9,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	780	390	390	4.1	4.2	4.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	760	375	385	4.0	4.0	4.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	355	165	190	1.9	1.8	2.0
Métis	395	205	190	2.1	2.2	2.0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	18,245	9,005	9,245	95.9	95.8	96.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,025	9,395	9,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	200	100	105	1.1	1.1	1.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	18,820	9,295	9,525	98.9	98.9	98.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	5,885	...	...	79.5	...	...
Renter	1,520	...	...	20.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,905	...	...	25.7	...	...
Not condominium	5,500	...	...	74.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	595	...	...	8.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,195	...	...	29.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,680	...	...	36.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,915	...	...	25.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,000	...	...	27.0	...	...
5 rooms	1,260	...	...	17.0	...	...
6 rooms	1,070	...	...	14.4	...	...
7 rooms	925	...	...	12.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,155	...	...	29.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,265	...	...	98.1	...	...
More than one person per room	135	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	7,120	...	...	96.2	...	...
Not suitable	280	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	230	...	...	3.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,690	...	...	22.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,530	...	...	20.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,535	...	...	20.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	495	...	...	6.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,035	...	...	14.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	535	...	...	7.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	350	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,000	...	...	94.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	400	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,160	...	...	42.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,780	...	...	51.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	465	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	60	...	...	0.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	820	...	...	11.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,380	...	...	18.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,365	...	...	18.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,720	...	...	23.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,225	...	...	16.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	615	...	...	8.3	...	...
85 years and over	215	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,925	...	...	81.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,390	...	...	19.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,250	...	...	17.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,930	...	...	26.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,285	...	...	17.4	...	...
Not suitable only	215	...	...	2.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	300	...	...	4.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,470	...	...	73.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	830	...	...	11.6	...	...
Not in core need	6,345	...	...	88.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,810	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.9	...	...	65.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.1	...	...	15.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,700	...	...	1,700	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,778	...	...	1,778	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	890,000	...	...	890,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	867,000	...	...	867,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,510	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.9	...	...	11.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.9	...	...	33.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	27.9	...	...	27.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,340	...	...	1,340	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,450	...	...	1,450	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	19,030	9,395	9,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	165	50	120	0.9	0.5	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	155	50	110	0.8	0.5	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	105	30	75	0.6	0.3	0.8
Métis single ancestry	45	15	35	0.2	0.2	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	700	380	315	3.7	4.0	3.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	675	370	310	3.5	3.9	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	370	200	170	1.9	2.1	1.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	300	160	140	1.6	1.7	1.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	18,160	8,960	9,195	95.4	95.4	95.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	19,025	9,395	9,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	18,050	8,910	9,140	94.9	94.8	94.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,755	1,975	1,775	19.7	21.0	18.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	14,295	6,930	7,370	75.1	73.8	76.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	975	490	490	5.1	5.2	5.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	19,025	9,395	9,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	14,075	7,000	7,075	74.0	74.5	73.5
Immigrants⁸¹	4,845	2,335	2,505	25.5	24.9	26.0
Before 1980	1,060	530	535	5.6	5.6	5.6
1980 to 1990	580	285	300	3.0	3.0	3.1
1991 to 2000	1,150	550	600	6.0	5.9	6.2
2001 to 2010	1,175	565	610	6.2	6.0	6.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	880	415	460	4.6	4.4	4.8
2011 to 2015	445	190	260	2.3	2.0	2.7
2016 to 2021	430	225	205	2.3	2.4	2.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	110	55	55	0.6	0.6	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,845	2,340	2,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	470	280	190	9.7	12.0	7.6
5 to 14 years	885	490	395	18.3	20.9	15.8
15 to 24 years	900	410	495	18.6	17.5	19.8
25 to 44 years	2,095	955	1,135	43.2	40.8	45.3
45 years and over	490	205	290	10.1	8.8	11.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,845	2,340	2,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	530	280	245	10.9	12.0	9.8
Brazil	65	35	35	1.3	1.5	1.4
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	45	25	20	0.9	1.1	0.8
Guyana	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	50	25	30	1.0	1.1	1.2
Peru	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	20	20	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
United States of America	185	110	80	3.8	4.7	3.2
Other places of birth in Americas	120	55	70	2.5	2.4	2.8
Europe	1,595	810	785	32.9	34.6	31.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.6
Croatia	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Germany	125	55	70	2.6	2.4	2.8
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	30	10	20	0.6	0.4	0.8
Italy	50	30	20	1.0	1.3	0.8
Netherlands	70	35	30	1.4	1.5	1.2
Poland	60	30	30	1.2	1.3	1.2
Portugal	75	35	45	1.5	1.5	1.8
Romania	155	75	75	3.2	3.2	3.0
Russian Federation	115	50	65	2.4	2.1	2.6
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Ukraine	40	30	10	0.8	1.3	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	590	305	285	12.2	13.0	11.4
Other places of birth in Europe	210	110	105	4.3	4.7	4.2
Africa	185	105	80	3.8	4.5	3.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	80	40	40	1.7	1.7	1.6
Other places of birth in Africa	70	35	40	1.4	1.5	1.6
Asia	2,450	1,105	1,340	50.6	47.2	53.5
Afghanistan	80	30	45	1.7	1.3	1.8
Iran⁸⁸	165	75	90	3.4	3.2	3.6
Iraq	30	15	15	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	45	15	30	0.9	0.6	1.2
Turkey	15	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	300	110	185	6.2	4.7	7.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	130	65	60	2.7	2.8	2.4
Korea, South⁹²	250	125	130	5.2	5.3	5.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	615	285	330	12.7	12.2	13.2
Viet Nam	75	25	45	1.5	1.1	1.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	440	220	225	9.1	9.4	9.0
Pakistan	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	275	130	145	5.7	5.6	5.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	90	35	50	1.9	1.5	2.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	430	225	200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	50	35	15	11.6	15.6	7.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	30	15	10	7.0	6.7	5.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	80	50	30	18.6	22.2	15.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	15	3.5	0.0	7.5
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	25	0	5.8	11.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	20	15	8.1	8.9	7.5
Africa	25	15	10	5.8	6.7	5.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	275	135	145	64.0	60.0	72.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	10	30	9.3	4.4	15.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	55	20	40	12.8	8.9	20.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15	7.0	6.7	7.5
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	75	50	20	17.4	22.2	10.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	15	7.0	6.7	7.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	2.3	0.0	5.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	19,025	9,395	9,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,135	2,485	2,645	27.0	26.5	27.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,490	2,260	2,230	23.6	24.1	23.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	9,395	4,640	4,755	49.4	49.4	49.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,785	1,810	1,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,230	1,115	1,115	58.9	61.6	56.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	880	525	360	23.2	29.0	18.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,350	590	760	35.7	32.6	38.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,065	460	605	28.1	25.4	30.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	460	230	225	12.2	12.7	11.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	10	20	0.8	0.6	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,785	1,810	1,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	80	40	35	2.1	2.2	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	425	190	235	11.2	10.5	11.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	90	35	55	2.4	1.9	2.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	120	45	75	3.2	2.5	3.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,055	1,490	1,570	80.7	82.3	79.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	19,025	9,395	9,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,580	2,170	2,410	24.1	23.1	25.0
South Asian	1,020	490	530	5.4	5.2	5.5
Chinese	770	355	415	4.0	3.8	4.3
Black	165	90	80	0.9	1.0	0.8
Filipino	850	400	455	4.5	4.3	4.7
Arab	160	70	85	0.8	0.7	0.9
Latin American	295	150	145	1.6	1.6	1.5
Southeast Asian	205	90	115	1.1	1.0	1.2
West Asian	275	135	150	1.4	1.4	1.6
Korean	340	165	175	1.8	1.8	1.8
Japanese	140	60	80	0.7	0.6	0.8
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	325	170	160	1.7	1.8	1.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	14,450	7,225	7,225	76.0	76.9	75.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	19,025	9,395	9,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	2,000	1,010	985	10.5	10.8	10.2
English	4,745	2,375	2,375	24.9	25.3	24.7
Irish	2,920	1,385	1,540	15.3	14.7	16.0
Scottish	3,790	1,855	1,935	19.9	19.7	20.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,165	530	635	6.1	5.6	6.6
German	2,200	1,090	1,105	11.6	11.6	11.5
Chinese	915	435	490	4.8	4.6	5.1
Italian	1,035	560	475	5.4	6.0	4.9
Indian (India)	585	280	305	3.1	3.0	3.2
Ukrainian	840	405	430	4.4	4.3	4.5
Dutch	860	415	445	4.5	4.4	4.6
Polish	525	245	285	2.8	2.6	3.0
Québécois	80	30	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	890	405	480	4.7	4.3	5.0
Filipino	900	425	475	4.7	4.5	4.9
French Canadian	250	115	135	1.3	1.2	1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	390	225	165	2.0	2.4	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	250	115	135	1.3	1.2	1.4
Métis	380	195	190	2.0	2.1	2.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	475	240	230	2.5	2.6	2.4
Russian	655	320	335	3.4	3.4	3.5
Norwegian	685	330	355	3.6	3.5	3.7
Welsh	505	235	275	2.7	2.5	2.9
Portuguese	235	90	140	1.2	1.0	1.5
American	290	145	145	1.5	1.5	1.5
Spanish	185	90	95	1.0	1.0	1.0
Swedish	495	250	245	2.6	2.7	2.5
Hungarian	235	130	105	1.2	1.4	1.1
Acadian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jewish	45	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Punjabi	90	45	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Vietnamese	130	35	90	0.7	0.4	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Greek	170	95	75	0.9	1.0	0.8
Jamaican	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	135	65	70	0.7	0.7	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	70	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	330	165	175	1.7	1.8	1.8
Romanian	250	130	120	1.3	1.4	1.2
Lebanese	60	40	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Iranian	120	40	85	0.6	0.4	0.9
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Danish	265	155	110	1.4	1.6	1.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	75	50	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Sikh	245	120	125	1.3	1.3	1.3
Austrian	240	130	110	1.3	1.4	1.1
Belgian	70	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mexican	105	50	50	0.6	0.5	0.5
Mennonite	85	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Swiss	90	55	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
Finnish	210	90	120	1.1	1.0	1.2
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	115	60	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Japanese	260	135	130	1.4	1.4	1.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	120	65	60	0.6	0.7	0.6
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	180	70	110	0.9	0.7	1.1
Muslim	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Egyptian	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	65	25	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	145	70	80	0.8	0.7	0.8
Syrian	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Afghan	100	45	60	0.5	0.5	0.6
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbian	75	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	50	30	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	55	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ontarian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Persian	80	50	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Turkish	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	85	60	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
Nigerian	45	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.4
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Iraqi	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Salvadorean	80	45	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	40	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.4
Australian	70	40	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Palestinian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chilean	90	50	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovenian	40	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albertan	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	55	15	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indonesian	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern Irish	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Columbian	115	55	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ecuadorian	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	30	30	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Estonian	10	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Kurdish	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Fijian	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	19,025	9,395	9,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	170	45	120	0.9	0.5	1.2
Christian	7,570	3,505	4,065	39.8	37.3	42.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,625	795	830	8.5	8.5	8.6
Anabaptist	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Anglican	500	210	290	2.6	2.2	3.0
Baptist	260	115	145	1.4	1.2	1.5
Catholic	2,955	1,415	1,540	15.5	15.1	16.0
Christian Orthodox	375	185	190	2.0	2.0	2.0
Jehovah's Witness	215	95	120	1.1	1.0	1.2
Latter Day Saints	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	200	90	110	1.1	1.0	1.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	345	175	165	1.8	1.9	1.7
Presbyterian	135	45	95	0.7	0.5	1.0
Reformed	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
United Church	510	185	325	2.7	2.0	3.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	320	140	175	1.7	1.5	1.8
Hindu	75	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	450	215	235	2.4	2.3	2.4
Sikh	640	320	315	3.4	3.4	3.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	90	40	45	0.5	0.4	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	10,000	5,200	4,795	52.6	55.3	49.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	18,850	9,290	9,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	16,685	8,225	8,455	88.5	88.5	88.5
Movers	2,170	1,070	1,105	11.5	11.5	11.6
Non-migrants	690	295	390	3.7	3.2	4.1
Migrants	1,485	770	710	7.9	8.3	7.4
Internal migrants	1,375	710	665	7.3	7.6	7.0
Intraprovincial migrants	1,330	680	650	7.1	7.3	6.8
Interprovincial migrants	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
External migrants	105	60	45	0.6	0.6	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	18,045	8,840	9,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	11,240	5,490	5,750	62.3	62.1	62.4
Movers	6,805	3,350	3,455	37.7	37.9	37.5
Non-migrants	1,670	775	890	9.3	8.8	9.7
Migrants	5,140	2,575	2,565	28.5	29.1	27.9
Internal migrants	4,750	2,365	2,385	26.3	26.8	25.9
Intraprovincial migrants	4,470	2,210	2,260	24.8	25.0	24.5
Interprovincial migrants	275	155	125	1.5	1.8	1.4
External migrants	390	210	180	2.2	2.4	2.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,750	7,630	8,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,325	1,240	1,085	14.8	16.3	13.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,425	6,390	7,040	85.2	83.7	86.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,550	5,160	5,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	900	545	355	8.5	10.6	6.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,650	4,610	5,040	91.5	89.3	93.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,750	7,630	8,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,025	1,045	980	12.9	13.7	12.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,220	2,490	2,730	33.1	32.6	33.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,505	4,095	4,415	54.0	53.7	54.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,260	2,685	2,570	33.4	35.2	31.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,450	1,140	310	9.2	14.9	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	550	290	255	3.5	3.8	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	900	845	50	5.7	11.1	0.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,255	1,305	1,950	20.7	17.1	24.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	555	245	310	3.5	3.2	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,240	1,405	1,835	20.6	18.4	22.6
Bachelor's degree	2,240	965	1,275	14.2	12.6	15.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	240	90	150	1.5	1.2	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	60	35	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	600	250	350	3.8	3.3	4.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	100	60	35	0.6	0.8	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,550	5,155	5,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	720	420	295	6.8	8.1	5.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,120	1,580	1,540	29.6	30.6	28.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,710	3,155	3,555	63.6	61.2	66.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,990	2,000	1,990	37.8	38.8	36.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,070	860	210	10.1	16.7	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	380	200	180	3.6	3.9	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	690	660	35	6.5	12.8	0.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,485	960	1,520	23.6	18.6	28.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	440	180	255	4.2	3.5	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,720	1,155	1,565	25.8	22.4	29.0
Bachelor's degree	1,920	825	1,100	18.2	16.0	20.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	185	60	120	1.8	1.2	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	55	30	25	0.5	0.6	0.5
Master's degree	485	190	295	4.6	3.7	5.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	55	30	0.8	1.1	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,755	7,630	8,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,245	3,535	3,710	46.0	46.3	45.7
Education	530	125	405	3.4	1.6	5.0
13. Education	530	125	405	3.4	1.6	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	340	175	155	2.2	2.3	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	55	20	0.5	0.7	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	265	130	140	1.7	1.7	1.7
Humanities	385	130	250	2.4	1.7	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	95	25	75	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	110	25	80	0.7	0.3	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
54. History	65	50	15	0.4	0.7	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,035	325	710	6.6	4.3	8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	120	45	75	0.8	0.6	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	165	10	155	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	175	35	140	1.1	0.5	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	180	50	135	1.1	0.7	1.7
45. Social sciences	370	180	185	2.3	2.4	2.3
Business, management and public administration	1,745	665	1,080	11.1	8.7	13.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	80	20	60	0.5	0.3	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,660	640	1,020	10.5	8.4	12.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	305	155	150	1.9	2.0	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	115	45	70	0.7	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	30	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	85	65	25	0.5	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	340	230	110	2.2	3.0	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	290	215	75	1.8	2.8	0.9
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,910	1,805	110	12.1	23.7	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	35	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	360	305	50	2.3	4.0	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	330	305	25	2.1	4.0	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	505	505	0	3.2	6.6	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	435	430	10	2.8	5.6	0.1
48. Precision production	245	240	0	1.6	3.1	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	220	110	105	1.4	1.4	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	145	65	85	0.9	0.9	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	75	50	20	0.5	0.7	0.2
Health and related fields	1,285	180	1,105	8.2	2.4	13.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	110	35	75	0.7	0.5	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,170	145	1,025	7.4	1.9	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	410	195	215	2.6	2.6	2.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	245	55	190	1.6	0.7	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	90	80	10	0.6	1.0	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	70	60	10	0.4	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,550	5,160	5,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,840	2,000	1,835	36.4	38.8	34.0
Education	385	80	310	3.6	1.6	5.7
13. Education	385	80	310	3.6	1.6	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	265	140	120	2.5	2.7	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	40	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	210	100	115	2.0	1.9	2.1
Humanities	310	105	205	2.9	2.0	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	65	20	45	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95	25	75	0.9	0.5	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	20	35	0.4	0.4	0.6
54. History	50	40	15	0.5	0.8	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	860	260	600	8.2	5.0	11.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	110	35	70	1.0	0.7	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	135	10	120	1.3	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	150	30	125	1.4	0.6	2.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	160	40	120	1.5	0.8	2.2
45. Social sciences	290	140	150	2.7	2.7	2.8
Business, management and public administration	1,435	520	915	13.6	10.1	17.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	65	20	45	0.6	0.4	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,365	500	865	12.9	9.7	16.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	210	100	110	2.0	1.9	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	80	15	65	0.8	0.3	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	25	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	70	50	20	0.7	1.0	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	275	195	80	2.6	3.8	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	230	175	55	2.2	3.4	1.0
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,475	1,390	85	14.0	26.9	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	300	265	35	2.8	5.1	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	220	195	25	2.1	3.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	395	395	0	3.7	7.7	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	350	340	10	3.3	6.6	0.2
48. Precision production	190	180	0	1.8	3.5	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	165	75	90	1.6	1.5	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	105	40	65	1.0	0.8	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	55	40	20	0.5	0.8	0.4
Health and related fields	1,030	140	885	9.8	2.7	16.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	105	30	70	1.0	0.6	1.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	925	110	815	8.8	2.1	15.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	305	155	150	2.9	3.0	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	185	50	135	1.8	1.0	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	80	70	10	0.8	1.4	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	40	40	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	10,550	5,160	5,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,840	2,000	1,835	36.4	38.8	34.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,710	3,160	3,555	63.6	61.2	65.9
Location of study inside Canada	5,225	2,475	2,755	49.5	48.0	51.1
Same as province or territory of residence	4,635	2,135	2,500	43.9	41.4	46.3
Different than province or territory of residence	595	340	255	5.6	6.6	4.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,485	685	800	14.1	13.3	14.8
Americas	265	160	105	2.5	3.1	1.9
United States of America	170	115	55	1.6	2.2	1.0
Mexico	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	30	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.5
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Europe	435	220	215	4.1	4.3	4.0
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Romania	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Russian Federation	65	30	35	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ukraine	20	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	190	105	85	1.8	2.0	1.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	50	20	25	0.5	0.4	0.5
Africa	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Asia	715	270	445	6.8	5.2	8.2
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	25	0.4	0.4	0.5
Iraq	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Israel	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	120	35	85	1.1	0.7	1.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Japan	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	90	45	45	0.9	0.9	0.8
Philippines	275	110	170	2.6	2.1	3.2
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	60	10	50	0.6	0.2	0.9
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	50	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.6
Oceania	30	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australia	30	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	15,750	7,630	8,120	...	...	...
In the labour force	10,655	5,515	5,140	...	...	...
Employed	9,975	5,155	4,820	...	...	...
Unemployed	680	360	320	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	5,095	2,115	2,980	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.7	72.3	63.3	67.7	72.3	63.3
Employment rate	63.3	67.6	59.4	63.3	67.6	59.4
Unemployment rate	6.4	6.5	6.2	6.4	6.5	6.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	15,755	7,630	8,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,185	2,125	3,060	32.9	27.9	37.7
Worked	10,570	5,505	5,060	67.1	72.1	62.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,110	3,595	2,515	38.8	47.1	31.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,460	1,910	2,545	28.3	25.0	31.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.9	41.3	42.6	43.9	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	10,655	5,510	5,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	135	60	70	1.3	1.1	1.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	10,525	5,450	5,075	98.8	98.9	98.6
Employee	8,975	4,500	4,475	84.2	81.7	87.0
Permanent position	7,870	4,045	3,825	73.9	73.4	74.3
Temporary position	1,105	450	655	10.4	8.2	12.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	365	185	180	3.4	3.4	3.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	735	270	470	6.9	4.9	9.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,550	950	600	14.5	17.2	11.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	10,655	5,510	5,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	135	60	70	1.3	1.1	1.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	10,525	5,450	5,075	98.8	98.9	98.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	140	90	55	1.3	1.6	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,950	520	1,430	18.3	9.4	27.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	790	595	190	7.4	10.8	3.7
3 Health occupations	755	135	620	7.1	2.5	12.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,295	460	835	12.2	8.3	16.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	395	185	215	3.7	3.4	4.2
6 Sales and service occupations	2,360	1,010	1,350	22.1	18.3	26.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,195	2,000	195	20.6	36.3	3.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	250	165	85	2.3	3.0	1.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	395	290	110	3.7	5.3	2.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	10,655	5,510	5,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	135	60	70	1.3	1.1	1.4
All industries¹⁹¹	10,525	5,450	5,075	98.8	98.9	98.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	225	125	95	2.1	2.3	1.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	25	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
22 Utilities	75	60	10	0.7	1.1	0.2
23 Construction	1,140	975	165	10.7	17.7	3.2
31-33 Manufacturing	740	495	245	6.9	9.0	4.8
41 Wholesale trade	555	370	185	5.2	6.7	3.6
44-45 Retail trade	1,120	525	595	10.5	9.5	11.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	555	390	165	5.2	7.1	3.2
51 Information and cultural industries	315	195	130	3.0	3.5	2.5
52 Finance and insurance	500	200	300	4.7	3.6	5.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	185	115	70	1.7	2.1	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	755	410	345	7.1	7.4	6.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	30	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	380	250	130	3.6	4.5	2.5
61 Educational services	785	235	550	7.4	4.3	10.7
62 Health care and social assistance	1,275	180	1,090	12.0	3.3	21.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	265	130	130	2.5	2.4	2.5
72 Accommodation and food services	520	215	305	4.9	3.9	5.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	440	190	250	4.1	3.4	4.9
91 Public administration	635	345	290	6.0	6.3	5.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	11,375	5,880	5,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	10,865	5,640	5,225	95.5	95.9	95.1
French	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	90	50	40	0.8	0.9	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	90	50	40	0.8	0.9	0.7
English and French	65	15	45	0.6	0.3	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	330	165	170	2.9	2.8	3.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	11,375	5,880	5,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	11,310	5,840	5,470	99.4	99.3	99.5
Official languages	11,150	5,755	5,390	98.0	97.9	98.1
English	11,130	5,755	5,380	97.8	97.9	97.9
French	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Non-official languages	160	85	75	1.4	1.4	1.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	160	85	75	1.4	1.4	1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	65	35	30	0.6	0.6	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	30	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.4
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Korean	65	35	25	0.6	0.6	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Chinese languages	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	65	40	25	0.6	0.7	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	65	40	25	0.6	0.7	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	11,375	5,880	5,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	11,030	5,735	5,290	97.0	97.5	96.3
English	65	25	35	0.6	0.4	0.6
French	50	15	40	0.4	0.3	0.7
Non-official language	190	85	110	1.7	1.4	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	190	85	110	1.7	1.4	2.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,975	5,155	4,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,160	1,000	1,160	21.7	19.4	24.1
Worked outside Canada	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
No fixed workplace address	1,495	1,165	330	15.0	22.6	6.8
Usual place of work	6,295	2,975	3,315	63.1	57.7	68.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	6,295	2,975	3,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,285	505	780	20.4	17.0	23.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,870	2,385	2,485	77.4	80.2	74.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	140	85	55	2.2	2.9	1.7
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,790	4,140	3,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	6,865	3,720	3,150	88.1	89.9	86.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,460	3,560	2,900	82.9	86.0	79.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	410	160	250	5.3	3.9	6.8
Public transit	430	205	225	5.5	5.0	6.2
Walked	260	90	165	3.3	2.2	4.5
Bicycle	70	50	20	0.9	1.2	0.5
Other method	165	70	95	2.1	1.7	2.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,790	4,140	3,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	1,880	865	1,015	24.1	20.9	27.8
15 to 29 minutes	2,420	1,040	1,380	31.1	25.1	37.8
30 to 44 minutes	1,930	1,170	765	24.8	28.3	21.0
45 to 59 minutes	815	555	265	10.5	13.4	7.3
60 minutes and over	745	515	230	9.6	12.4	6.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,790	4,140	3,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	785	650	135	10.1	15.7	3.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,510	955	555	19.4	23.1	15.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,910	925	990	24.5	22.3	27.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,490	690	805	19.1	16.7	22.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	990	350	645	12.7	8.5	17.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,105	575	525	14.2	13.9	14.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,925	2,090	1,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	220	120	105	5.6	5.7	5.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,710	1,975	1,735	94.5	94.5	94.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,820	1,500	1,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	170	90	80	6.0	6.0	6.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	90	45	45	3.2	3.0	3.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	80	40	35	2.8	2.7	2.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,650	1,415	1,235	94.0	94.3	93.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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