Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	West Vancouver, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	44,122	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	42,473	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	18,795	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	17,690	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	506.1	...	...	506.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	87.18	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	44,125	20,625	23,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6,160	3,240	2,915	14.0	15.7	12.4
0 to 4 years	1,295	670	625	2.9	3.2	2.7
5 to 9 years	2,115	1,060	1,050	4.8	5.1	4.5
10 to 14 years	2,750	1,515	1,235	6.2	7.3	5.3
15 to 64 years	25,390	11,800	13,590	57.5	57.2	57.8
15 to 19 years	2,940	1,525	1,415	6.7	7.4	6.0
20 to 24 years	2,305	1,185	1,120	5.2	5.7	4.8
25 to 29 years	1,455	760	690	3.3	3.7	2.9
30 to 34 years	1,370	630	730	3.1	3.1	3.1
35 to 39 years	1,965	825	1,140	4.5	4.0	4.9
40 to 44 years	2,375	950	1,425	5.4	4.6	6.1
45 to 49 years	2,970	1,245	1,725	6.7	6.0	7.3
50 to 54 years	3,520	1,595	1,925	8.0	7.7	8.2
55 to 59 years	3,325	1,590	1,735	7.5	7.7	7.4
60 to 64 years	3,175	1,495	1,685	7.2	7.2	7.2
65 years and over	12,575	5,590	6,990	28.5	27.1	29.8
65 to 69 years	2,965	1,420	1,545	6.7	6.9	6.6
70 to 74 years	2,835	1,305	1,530	6.4	6.3	6.5
75 to 79 years	2,515	1,145	1,365	5.7	5.6	5.8
80 to 84 years	1,875	805	1,065	4.2	3.9	4.5
85 years and over	2,395	905	1,485	5.4	4.4	6.3
85 to 89 years	1,260	530	725	2.9	2.6	3.1
90 to 94 years	915	295	620	2.1	1.4	2.6
95 to 99 years	195	70	120	0.4	0.3	0.5
100 years and over	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.0	15.7	12.4	14.0	15.7	12.4
15 to 64 years	57.5	57.2	57.8	57.5	57.2	57.8
65 years and over	28.5	27.1	29.8	28.5	27.1	29.8
85 years and over	5.4	4.4	6.3	5.4	4.4	6.3
Average age of the population	47.6	46.0	49.0	47.6	46.0	49.0
Median age of the population	50.8	50.0	51.6	50.8	50.0	51.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	17,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	9,835	...	...	55.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	520	...	...	2.9	...	...
Row house	400	...	...	2.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,520	...	...	8.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,600	...	...	9.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,810	...	...	21.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	17,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	4,955	...	...	28.0	...	...
2 persons	5,880	...	...	33.2	...	...
3 persons	2,785	...	...	15.7	...	...
4 persons	2,700	...	...	15.3	...	...
5 or more persons	1,365	...	...	7.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	43,385	20,385	22,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	37,965	17,385	20,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	22,940	11,285	11,650	60.4	64.9	56.6
Married	21,165	10,380	10,785	55.7	59.7	52.4
Living common-law	1,770	905	865	4.7	5.2	4.2
Living common law - Never married	1,005	500	505	2.6	2.9	2.5
Living common law - Separated	75	45	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	615	325	295	1.6	1.9	1.4
Living common law - Widowed	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	15,030	6,100	8,930	39.6	35.1	43.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	8,975	4,605	4,370	23.6	26.5	21.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	790	245	550	2.1	1.4	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,590	775	1,810	6.8	4.5	8.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,675	470	2,205	7.0	2.7	10.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	12,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	6,375	...	...	49.8	...	...
3 persons	2,890	...	...	22.6	...	...
4 persons	2,725	...	...	21.3	...	...
5 or more persons	815	...	...	6.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	12,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	10,875	...	...	85.0	...	...
Married couples	9,990	...	...	78.0	...	...
With children⁶	5,380	...	...	42.0	...	...
Without children	4,605	...	...	36.0	...	...
Common-law couples	885	...	...	6.9	...	...
With children⁶	290	...	...	2.3	...	...
Without children	595	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,930	...	...	15.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,585	...	...	12.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	340	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	43,385	20,385	22,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	36,550	18,025	18,525	84.2	88.4	80.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	21,745	10,910	10,840	50.1	53.5	47.1
Parents in one-parent families	1,925	340	1,590	4.4	1.7	6.9
Children⁶	12,875	6,775	6,100	29.7	33.2	26.5
In a two-parent family	10,005	5,290	4,710	23.1	26.0	20.5
In a one-parent family	2,870	1,490	1,385	6.6	7.3	6.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,830	2,360	4,470	15.7	11.6	19.4
Living alone	4,955	1,615	3,340	11.4	7.9	14.5
Living with other relatives⁷	760	270	495	1.8	1.3	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	1,115	480	635	2.6	2.4	2.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	17,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,170	...	...	63.1	...	...
Couple-family households	9,620	...	...	54.4	...	...
With children⁶	4,980	...	...	28.2	...	...
Without children	4,635	...	...	26.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,550	...	...	8.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	480	...	...	2.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	165	...	...	0.9	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	550	...	...	3.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	375	...	...	2.1	...	...
One-person households	4,950	...	...	28.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	37,225	17,150	20,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,590	16,350	19,245	95.6	95.3	95.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	53,600	39,200	44,400	53,600	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,625	16,365	19,260	95.7	95.4	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	46,800	35,600	39,600	46,800	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,865	15,175	17,690	88.3	88.5	88.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	50,800	32,400	39,600	50,800	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,990	10,475	10,515	56.4	61.1	52.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	42,000	25,000	31,400	42,000	25,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,240	11,770	15,470	73.2	68.6	77.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	10,400	10,500	10,500	10,400	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,240	495	745	3.3	2.9	3.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,200	5,480	5,480	5,200	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,580	3,960	4,620	23.0	23.1	23.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,000	10,000	9,000	8,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	37,225	17,150	20,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,580	16,365	19,210	95.6	95.4	95.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	105,700	146,800	70,600	105,700	146,800	70,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,600	16,380	19,225	95.6	95.5	95.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	72,000	95,200	52,300	72,000	95,200	52,300
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,850	15,200	17,645	88.2	88.6	87.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	105,300	149,800	66,900	105,300	149,800	66,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,990	10,675	10,315	56.4	62.2	51.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	93,000	131,200	53,400	93,000	131,200	53,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,205	11,760	15,440	73.1	68.6	76.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,090	10,810	11,310	11,090	10,810	11,310
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,295	540	755	3.5	3.1	3.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,950	5,920	5,970	5,950	5,920	5,970
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,595	3,970	4,625	23.1	23.1	23.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,540	9,410	9,650	9,540	9,410	9,650
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	37,225	17,150	20,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,935	4,785	3,150	21.3	27.9	15.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	82,000	94,000	71,000	82,000	94,000	71,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	178,800	230,400	100,500	178,800	230,400	100,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,005	4,070	4,935	24.2	23.7	24.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	17,800	15,200	16,200	17,800	15,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	45,280	55,900	36,480	45,280	55,900	36,480
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	92.0	94.8	87.2	92.0	94.8	87.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	51.9	58.3	40.7	51.9	58.3	40.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	8.0	5.3	12.9	8.0	5.3	12.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.6	1.8	4.1	2.6	1.8	4.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.2	1.6	3.3	2.2	1.6	3.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	37,230	17,145	20,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,630	800	835	4.4	4.7	4.2
With total income	35,595	16,350	19,240	95.6	95.4	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,640	2,015	2,625	13.0	12.3	13.6
$10,000 to $19,999	3,790	1,570	2,220	10.6	9.6	11.5
$20,000 to $29,999	4,695	1,885	2,810	13.2	11.5	14.6
$30,000 to $39,999	3,430	1,310	2,120	9.6	8.0	11.0
$40,000 to $49,999	2,695	1,040	1,655	7.6	6.4	8.6
$50,000 to $59,999	2,245	940	1,305	6.3	5.7	6.8
$60,000 to $69,999	1,875	775	1,100	5.3	4.7	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,495	670	825	4.2	4.1	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,355	660	695	3.8	4.0	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,100	525	575	3.1	3.2	3.0
$100,000 and over	8,270	4,955	3,315	23.2	30.3	17.2
$100,000 to $149,999	3,265	1,655	1,610	9.2	10.1	8.4
$150,000 and over	5,005	3,300	1,705	14.1	20.2	8.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	37,230	17,145	20,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,605	780	820	4.3	4.5	4.1
With after-tax income	35,620	16,365	19,255	95.7	95.5	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,130	2,235	2,900	14.4	13.7	15.1
$10,000 to $19,999	3,950	1,635	2,315	11.1	10.0	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	5,115	2,050	3,065	14.4	12.5	15.9
$30,000 to $39,999	3,760	1,450	2,315	10.6	8.9	12.0
$40,000 to $49,999	3,045	1,195	1,850	8.5	7.3	9.6
$50,000 to $59,999	2,425	1,030	1,390	6.8	6.3	7.2
$60,000 to $69,999	2,035	930	1,105	5.7	5.7	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,600	750	850	4.5	4.6	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,275	615	665	3.6	3.8	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,035	545	495	2.9	3.3	2.6
$100,000 and over	6,240	3,940	2,300	17.5	24.1	11.9
$100,000 to $124,999	1,745	955	790	4.9	5.8	4.1
$125,000 and over	4,495	2,985	1,505	12.6	18.2	7.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	37,230	17,145	20,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	16,235	6,670	9,560	43.6	38.9	47.6
With employment income	20,990	10,480	10,515	56.4	61.1	52.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,130	1,880	2,255	19.7	17.9	21.4
$5,000 to $9,999	1,975	865	1,105	9.4	8.3	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	2,360	1,035	1,325	11.2	9.9	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	1,725	730	990	8.2	7.0	9.4
$30,000 to $39,999	1,390	600	795	6.6	5.7	7.6
$40,000 to $49,999	1,175	515	655	5.6	4.9	6.2
$50,000 to $59,999	1,005	460	545	4.8	4.4	5.2
$60,000 to $69,999	905	415	490	4.3	4.0	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	705	360	345	3.4	3.4	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	650	320	325	3.1	3.1	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	580	275	305	2.8	2.6	2.9
$100,000 and over	4,390	3,020	1,375	20.9	28.8	13.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,040	595	440	5.0	5.7	4.2
$125,000 and over	3,355	2,425	930	16.0	23.1	8.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	37,225	17,150	20,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,205	15,635	18,570	91.9	91.2	92.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	55,200	38,400	44,400	55,200	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,300	15,650	18,645	92.1	91.3	92.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	47,600	34,000	39,200	47,600	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	32,220	14,805	17,415	86.6	86.3	86.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	53,600	34,400	41,600	53,600	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,585	10,630	10,950	58.0	62.0	54.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	41,200	24,800	31,000	41,200	24,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,145	9,215	12,930	59.5	53.7	64.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,650	6,000	6,900	6,650	6,000	6,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	590	230	360	1.6	1.3	1.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	5,120	6,120	5,880	5,120	6,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	37,225	17,150	20,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,145	15,625	18,530	91.7	91.1	92.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	114,500	164,400	72,400	114,500	164,400	72,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,255	15,635	18,620	92.0	91.2	92.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	82,600	115,500	55,000	82,600	115,500	55,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	32,140	14,790	17,345	86.3	86.2	86.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	115,900	168,600	71,100	115,900	168,600	71,100
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,585	10,790	10,790	58.0	62.9	53.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	89,700	124,300	55,000	89,700	124,300	55,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,050	9,165	12,880	59.2	53.4	64.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,410	8,280	8,510	8,410	8,280	8,510
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	500	210	295	1.3	1.2	1.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,400	6,160	8,200	7,400	6,160	8,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	37,225	17,150	20,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,760	4,660	3,100	20.8	27.2	15.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	76,000	89,000	63,600	76,000	89,000	63,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	169,200	216,800	97,900	169,200	216,800	97,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,410	3,800	4,615	22.6	22.2	23.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	21,400	20,000	20,600	21,400	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	55,700	64,200	48,680	55,700	64,200	48,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	95.2	97.0	91.8	95.2	97.0	91.8
Employment income (%)	49.5	52.2	44.2	49.5	52.2	44.2
Government transfers (%)	4.7	3.0	8.2	4.7	3.0	8.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	17,690	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,600	...	...	51,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	45,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	12,735	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	17,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	212,600	...	...	212,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,950	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	92,700	...	...	92,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	12,740	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	259,200	...	...	259,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	174,000	...	...	174,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	17,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	415	...	...	2.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	170	...	...	1.0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	210	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	305	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	645	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	525	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	465	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	535	...	...	3.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	520	...	...	2.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	510	...	...	2.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,020	...	...	5.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	920	...	...	5.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	820	...	...	4.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	780	...	...	4.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	690	...	...	3.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,170	...	...	51.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,495	...	...	8.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,245	...	...	7.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,755	...	...	9.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,675	...	...	26.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	17,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	615	...	...	3.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	1.0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	215	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	320	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	685	...	...	3.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	560	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	540	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	610	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	640	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	615	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,065	...	...	6.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,075	...	...	6.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	925	...	...	5.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	845	...	...	4.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	755	...	...	4.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,055	...	...	45.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,705	...	...	9.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,285	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,070	...	...	28.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	12,560	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,795	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,685	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000	...	...	164,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,070	2,090	3,975	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,800	49,200	46,000	46,800	49,200	46,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	43,200	41,600	42,000	43,200	41,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	12,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	258,000	...	...	258,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	172,800	...	...	172,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	280,000	...	...	280,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	196,200	...	...	196,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	282,800	...	...	282,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	180,000	...	...	180,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,775	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,500	...	...	96,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,100	2,110	3,995	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	85,700	90,200	83,300	85,700	90,200	83,300
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	65,000	67,800	63,450	65,000	67,800	63,450
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	43,385	20,390	22,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,975	4,190	3,790	18.4	20.5	16.5
0 to 5 years	1,635	835	805	3.8	4.1	3.5
18 to 64 years	23,495	10,795	12,700	54.2	52.9	55.2
65 years and over	11,910	5,405	6,505	27.5	26.5	28.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,660	2,970	3,695	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,660	855	805	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	345	170	180	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,660	1,605	2,055	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,340	505	830	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.4	14.6	16.1	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	20.8	20.4	21.3	20.8	20.4	21.3
0 to 5 years (%)	21.3	20.4	22.2	21.3	20.4	22.2
18 to 64 years (%)	15.6	14.9	16.2	15.6	14.9	16.2
65 years and over (%)	11.2	9.4	12.8	11.2	9.4	12.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	43,380	20,385	22,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,980	4,190	3,790	18.4	20.6	16.5
0 to 5 years	1,640	835	800	3.8	4.1	3.5
18 to 64 years	23,495	10,795	12,700	54.2	53.0	55.2
65 years and over	11,910	5,405	6,505	27.5	26.5	28.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,750	2,155	2,590	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,255	655	600	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	255	130	125	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,825	1,240	1,590	...	...	...
65 years and over	665	260	405	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.9	10.6	11.3	10.9	10.6	11.3
0 to 17 years (%)	15.7	15.6	15.9	15.7	15.6	15.9
0 to 5 years (%)	15.8	15.6	15.8	15.8	15.6	15.8
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	11.5	12.5	12.0	11.5	12.5
65 years and over (%)	5.6	4.8	6.2	5.6	4.8	6.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	43,385	20,390	22,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	17,440	7,765	9,670	40.2	38.1	42.1
In bottom decile	6,275	2,805	3,470	14.5	13.8	15.1
In second decile	3,275	1,415	1,865	7.5	6.9	8.1
In third decile	2,785	1,245	1,540	6.4	6.1	6.7
In fourth decile	2,560	1,140	1,420	5.9	5.6	6.2
In fifth decile	2,540	1,165	1,375	5.9	5.7	6.0
In top half of the distribution	25,945	12,620	13,320	59.8	61.9	57.9
In sixth decile	2,660	1,230	1,435	6.1	6.0	6.2
In seventh decile	2,730	1,275	1,460	6.3	6.3	6.3
In eighth decile	3,010	1,430	1,580	6.9	7.0	6.9
In ninth decile	4,515	2,210	2,305	10.4	10.8	10.0
In top decile	13,030	6,480	6,550	30.0	31.8	28.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	43,380	...	...	43,380	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.574	...	...	0.574	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.631	...	...	0.631	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.510	...	...	0.510	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	9.0	...	...	9.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	43,570	20,450	23,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	37,370	17,785	19,585	85.8	87.0	84.7
French only	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,555	1,945	2,610	10.5	9.5	11.3
Neither English nor French	1,630	710	915	3.7	3.5	4.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	43,570	20,450	23,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	41,070	19,385	21,680	94.3	94.8	93.8
French	465	185	275	1.1	0.9	1.2
English and French	445	185	265	1.0	0.9	1.1
Neither English nor French	1,585	685	895	3.6	3.3	3.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	43,570	20,450	23,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	41,945	19,715	22,230	96.3	96.4	96.2
Official languages	24,875	12,090	12,790	57.1	59.1	55.3
English	24,445	11,910	12,530	56.1	58.2	54.2
French	430	175	255	1.0	0.9	1.1
Non-official languages	17,070	7,630	9,445	39.2	37.3	40.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,065	7,630	9,440	39.2	37.3	40.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	120	95	0.5	0.6	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	215	120	95	0.5	0.6	0.4
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	180	100	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	20	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	5	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	5	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	310	50	255	0.7	0.2	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	245	35	210	0.6	0.2	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,400	3,895	4,510	19.3	19.0	19.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,100	470	625	2.5	2.3	2.7
Baltic languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,075	470	610	2.5	2.3	2.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	115	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	200	80	125	0.5	0.4	0.5
Russian	415	170	240	1.0	0.8	1.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	155	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	75	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,060	465	590	2.4	2.3	2.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	640	280	360	1.5	1.4	1.6
German	615	270	345	1.4	1.3	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	235	110	130	0.5	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	175	75	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	175	80	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	5,190	2,465	2,725	11.9	12.1	11.8
Indo-Aryan languages	375	165	210	0.9	0.8	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	125	50	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hindi	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	4,820	2,300	2,520	11.1	11.2	10.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	4,790	2,285	2,505	11.0	11.2	10.8
Dari	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian Persian	4,400	2,100	2,295	10.1	10.3	9.9
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	365	170	190	0.8	0.8	0.8
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	950	435	520	2.2	2.1	2.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	220	115	110	0.5	0.6	0.5
Portuguese	145	65	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	70	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Spanish	515	225	290	1.2	1.1	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	250	70	180	0.6	0.3	0.8
Korean	630	260	375	1.4	1.3	1.6
Mongolian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,835	3,045	3,790	15.7	14.9	16.4
Chinese languages	6,835	3,045	3,790	15.7	14.9	16.4
Hakka	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5,675	2,530	3,145	13.0	12.4	13.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	950	415	535	2.2	2.0	2.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	160	85	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Azerbaijani	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	125	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	130	55	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,620	730	890	3.7	3.6	3.8
English and French	140	60	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,255	590	665	2.9	2.9	2.9
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	150	55	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	43,570	20,450	23,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	26,220	12,530	13,690	60.2	61.3	59.2
French	105	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	6,220	2,785	3,435	14.3	13.6	14.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	6,220	2,785	3,435	14.3	13.6	14.9
English and French	380	175	210	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	9,895	4,580	5,315	22.7	22.4	23.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	435	190	240	1.0	0.9	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	310	145	170	0.7	0.7	0.7
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	43,570	20,450	23,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	41,595	19,515	22,075	95.5	95.4	95.5
Official languages	30,820	14,595	16,220	70.7	71.4	70.2
English	30,650	14,525	16,125	70.3	71.0	69.7
French	165	65	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-official languages	10,775	4,925	5,855	24.7	24.1	25.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,775	4,925	5,850	24.7	24.1	25.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	80	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,715	2,225	2,490	10.8	10.9	10.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	450	220	230	1.0	1.1	1.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	450	220	230	1.0	1.1	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	250	120	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	175	80	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	95	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
German	90	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,620	1,720	1,895	8.3	8.4	8.2
Indo-Aryan languages	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	3,485	1,660	1,825	8.0	8.1	7.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	3,470	1,650	1,820	8.0	8.1	7.9
Dari	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	3,185	1,520	1,670	7.3	7.4	7.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	265	130	140	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	440	190	250	1.0	0.9	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	80	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	295	130	165	0.7	0.6	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	135	55	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	425	190	240	1.0	0.9	1.0
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,200	2,330	2,875	11.9	11.4	12.4
Chinese languages	5,200	2,330	2,875	11.9	11.4	12.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	4,580	2,045	2,530	10.5	10.0	10.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	530	235	290	1.2	1.1	1.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Azerbaijani	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,970	930	1,045	4.5	4.5	4.5
English and French	70	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,840	875	965	4.2	4.3	4.2
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	43,570	20,445	23,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	34,245	16,160	18,085	78.6	79.0	78.2
English	3,960	1,865	2,100	9.1	9.1	9.1
French	340	160	180	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official language	4,060	1,840	2,220	9.3	9.0	9.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,055	1,840	2,220	9.3	9.0	9.6
English and French	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	295	140	160	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	235	105	135	0.5	0.5	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	345	145	200	0.8	0.7	0.9
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	43,385	20,385	22,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	41,745	19,645	22,100	96.2	96.4	96.1
English	41,740	19,645	22,095	96.2	96.4	96.1
French	4,680	1,975	2,700	10.8	9.7	11.7
Non-official languages	21,245	9,750	11,500	49.0	47.8	50.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,245	9,750	11,495	49.0	47.8	50.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	520	235	285	1.2	1.2	1.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	520	235	285	1.2	1.2	1.2
Amharic	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arabic	405	200	205	0.9	1.0	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	105	25	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	15	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	15	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	495	100	390	1.1	0.5	1.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	385	65	325	0.9	0.3	1.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,250	5,365	5,885	25.9	26.3	25.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,395	580	815	3.2	2.8	3.5
Baltic languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages	1,370	570	800	3.2	2.8	3.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	140	80	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	245	80	170	0.6	0.4	0.7
Russian	575	225	350	1.3	1.1	1.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	285	125	155	0.7	0.6	0.7
Bosnian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Croatian	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	135	65	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	115	45	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	165	70	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,850	775	1,070	4.3	3.8	4.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,295	555	735	3.0	2.7	3.2
German	1,265	545	720	2.9	2.7	3.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	415	185	225	1.0	0.9	1.0
Afrikaans	190	85	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dutch	225	100	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	240	95	145	0.6	0.5	0.6
Danish	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	70	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Swedish	90	35	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	90	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	6,210	3,085	3,125	14.3	15.1	13.6
Indo-Aryan languages	705	365	340	1.6	1.8	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	270	125	145	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hindi	345	195	145	0.8	1.0	0.6
Kacchi	110	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	140	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5,510	2,725	2,785	12.7	13.4	12.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Parsi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5,480	2,705	2,775	12.6	13.3	12.1
Dari	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian Persian	5,095	2,520	2,575	11.7	12.4	11.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	400	205	195	0.9	1.0	0.8
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,280	1,105	1,175	5.3	5.4	5.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	480	250	235	1.1	1.2	1.0
Portuguese	240	105	135	0.6	0.5	0.6
Romanian	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Spanish	1,685	805	880	3.9	3.9	3.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	510	225	290	1.2	1.1	1.3
Korean	730	345	380	1.7	1.7	1.7
Mongolian	25	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	90	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,945	3,610	4,340	18.3	17.7	18.9
Chinese languages	7,945	3,610	4,340	18.3	17.7	18.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	7,225	3,290	3,935	16.7	16.1	17.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	180	90	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Wu (Shanghainese)	140	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Yue (Cantonese)	1,245	545	700	2.9	2.7	3.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	355	175	180	0.8	0.9	0.8
Azerbaijani	130	80	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	270	130	140	0.6	0.6	0.6
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	140	60	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	43,385	20,390	22,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	425	160	265	1.0	0.8	1.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	420	160	260	1.0	0.8	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	205	65	140	0.5	0.3	0.6
Métis	210	100	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	42,955	20,225	22,730	99.0	99.2	98.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	43,385	20,390	22,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	115	35	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	43,265	20,355	22,910	99.7	99.8	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	17,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	12,535	...	...	70.9	...	...
Renter	5,155	...	...	29.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	17,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,805	...	...	21.5	...	...
Not condominium	13,885	...	...	78.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	17,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	310	...	...	1.8	...	...
1 bedroom	2,625	...	...	14.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,710	...	...	21.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,770	...	...	21.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,275	...	...	41.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	17,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,980	...	...	28.2	...	...
5 rooms	2,195	...	...	12.4	...	...
6 rooms	1,805	...	...	10.2	...	...
7 rooms	1,955	...	...	11.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,750	...	...	38.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	17,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	17,305	...	...	97.8	...	...
More than one person per room	385	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	17,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	16,955	...	...	95.8	...	...
Not suitable	735	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	17,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,730	...	...	21.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,795	...	...	32.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,560	...	...	14.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,015	...	...	11.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	705	...	...	4.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,015	...	...	5.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	930	...	...	5.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	940	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	17,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	16,770	...	...	94.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	920	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	17,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	9,640	...	...	54.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	7,390	...	...	41.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	665	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	17,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	130	...	...	0.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	695	...	...	3.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,970	...	...	11.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,505	...	...	19.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,610	...	...	20.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,490	...	...	19.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,795	...	...	15.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,495	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	17,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,620	...	...	60.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,970	...	...	39.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,940	...	...	28.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	17,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,890	...	...	44.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,290	...	...	35.6	...	...
Not suitable only	415	...	...	2.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	465	...	...	2.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	260	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	400	...	...	2.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	9,800	...	...	55.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	15,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,475	...	...	15.9	...	...
Not in core need	13,085	...	...	84.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,540	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	44.2	...	...	44.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.9	...	...	32.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.6	...	...	9.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...	1,800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	3,204	...	...	3,204	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	2,500,000	...	...	2,500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	3,128,000	...	...	3,128,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,150	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.1	...	...	10.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	56.1	...	...	56.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	31.3	...	...	31.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,060	...	...	2,060	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,792	...	...	2,792	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	43,385	20,390	22,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	75	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	75	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis single ancestry	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	465	170	295	1.1	0.8	1.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	455	170	285	1.0	0.8	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	290	95	190	0.7	0.5	0.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	165	75	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	42,840	20,195	22,645	98.7	99.0	98.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	43,380	20,390	22,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	36,820	17,240	19,580	84.9	84.6	85.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,725	3,535	3,190	15.5	17.3	13.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	30,090	13,700	16,385	69.4	67.2	71.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,565	3,150	3,415	15.1	15.4	14.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	43,380	20,390	22,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	22,040	10,745	11,295	50.8	52.7	49.1
Immigrants⁸¹	19,810	8,925	10,890	45.7	43.8	47.4
Before 1980	4,235	1,865	2,370	9.8	9.1	10.3
1980 to 1990	1,810	815	1,000	4.2	4.0	4.3
1991 to 2000	3,290	1,465	1,825	7.6	7.2	7.9
2001 to 2010	5,225	2,385	2,835	12.0	11.7	12.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,250	2,400	2,855	12.1	11.8	12.4
2011 to 2015	3,170	1,440	1,730	7.3	7.1	7.5
2016 to 2021	2,075	955	1,125	4.8	4.7	4.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,530	715	815	3.5	3.5	3.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	19,815	8,925	10,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,770	865	910	8.9	9.7	8.4
5 to 14 years	3,140	1,605	1,535	15.8	18.0	14.1
15 to 24 years	3,060	1,275	1,785	15.4	14.3	16.4
25 to 44 years	9,110	3,745	5,365	46.0	42.0	49.3
45 years and over	2,730	1,435	1,295	13.8	16.1	11.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	19,815	8,925	10,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,490	680	810	7.5	7.6	7.4
Brazil	55	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mexico	175	70	110	0.9	0.8	1.0
Peru	50	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
United States of America	880	420	460	4.4	4.7	4.2
Other places of birth in Americas	185	95	90	0.9	1.1	0.8
Europe	4,475	1,935	2,540	22.6	21.7	23.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Croatia	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
France	75	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Germany	425	140	285	2.1	1.6	2.6
Greece	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hungary	65	35	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Italy	115	80	35	0.6	0.9	0.3
Netherlands	145	70	80	0.7	0.8	0.7
Poland	195	65	135	1.0	0.7	1.2
Portugal	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.2
Romania	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Russian Federation	170	55	120	0.9	0.6	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	125	60	65	0.6	0.7	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,105	960	1,140	10.6	10.8	10.5
Other places of birth in Europe	775	335	440	3.9	3.8	4.0
Africa	945	460	485	4.8	5.2	4.5
Algeria	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Egypt	70	30	35	0.4	0.3	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Morocco	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	380	185	195	1.9	2.1	1.8
Other places of birth in Africa	420	215	205	2.1	2.4	1.9
Asia	12,565	5,690	6,875	63.4	63.8	63.2
Afghanistan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	4,405	2,160	2,250	22.2	24.2	20.7
Iraq	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkey	60	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	5,295	2,345	2,950	26.7	26.3	27.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	475	220	255	2.4	2.5	2.3
Korea, South⁹²	500	220	275	2.5	2.5	2.5
Taiwan	315	145	170	1.6	1.6	1.6
Philippines	345	70	275	1.7	0.8	2.5
Viet Nam	60	15	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	330	175	150	1.7	2.0	1.4
Pakistan	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	640	235	405	3.2	2.6	3.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	340	165	180	1.7	1.8	1.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,080	955	1,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	295	150	140	14.2	15.7	12.4
Brazil	25	10	15	1.2	1.0	1.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.9
United States of America	205	110	100	9.9	11.5	8.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	20	20	2.2	2.1	1.8
Europe	290	130	165	13.9	13.6	14.7
France	20	10	10	1.0	1.0	0.9
Germany	30	20	15	1.4	2.1	1.3
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	50	25	30	2.4	2.6	2.7
Ukraine	40	10	25	1.9	1.0	2.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	40	65	5.0	4.2	5.8
Other places of birth in Europe	40	15	20	1.9	1.6	1.8
Africa	35	20	15	1.7	2.1	1.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10	0.7	1.0	0.9
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,425	630	790	68.5	66.0	70.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	815	360	455	39.2	37.7	40.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	10	20	1.7	1.0	1.8
India	65	45	15	3.1	4.7	1.3
Iran⁸⁸	250	140	110	12.0	14.7	9.8
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	45	0	40	2.2	0.0	3.6
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	25	1.9	2.1	2.2
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	75	25	55	3.6	2.6	4.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	10	10	0.5	1.0	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	65	20	45	3.1	2.1	4.0
Oceania and other⁹³	40	25	15	1.9	2.6	1.3
Australia	30	20	10	1.4	2.1	0.9
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	43,385	20,385	22,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	22,520	10,255	12,265	51.9	50.3	53.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,480	4,700	4,780	21.9	23.1	20.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	11,390	5,440	5,950	26.3	26.7	25.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	15,585	7,065	8,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	12,230	5,750	6,480	78.5	81.4	76.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,360	2,845	1,510	28.0	40.3	17.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,870	2,905	4,965	50.5	41.1	58.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,510	920	1,590	16.1	13.0	18.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	595	270	315	3.8	3.8	3.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	250	115	135	1.6	1.6	1.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	15,585	7,065	8,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	280	125	155	1.8	1.8	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,410	635	780	9.0	9.0	9.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	675	330	345	4.3	4.7	4.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	625	270	355	4.0	3.8	4.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	95	35	65	0.6	0.5	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	12,495	5,670	6,820	80.2	80.3	80.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	43,385	20,390	22,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	18,765	8,680	10,080	43.3	42.6	43.8
South Asian	1,405	700	705	3.2	3.4	3.1
Chinese	8,780	4,050	4,730	20.2	19.9	20.6
Black	185	90	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Filipino	465	100	365	1.1	0.5	1.6
Arab	280	125	155	0.6	0.6	0.7
Latin American	430	190	240	1.0	0.9	1.0
Southeast Asian	305	105	195	0.7	0.5	0.8
West Asian	5,030	2,485	2,540	11.6	12.2	11.0
Korean	745	350	390	1.7	1.7	1.7
Japanese	465	170	300	1.1	0.8	1.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	205	85	120	0.5	0.4	0.5
Multiple visible minorities	465	215	250	1.1	1.1	1.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	24,620	11,710	12,910	56.7	57.4	56.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	43,380	20,390	22,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	2,525	1,245	1,280	5.8	6.1	5.6
English	8,550	3,950	4,605	19.7	19.4	20.0
Irish	4,935	2,300	2,635	11.4	11.3	11.5
Scottish	6,065	2,825	3,240	14.0	13.9	14.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,795	805	990	4.1	3.9	4.3
German	3,080	1,460	1,620	7.1	7.2	7.0
Chinese	8,095	3,710	4,380	18.7	18.2	19.0
Italian	1,355	665	685	3.1	3.3	3.0
Indian (India)	1,075	540	530	2.5	2.6	2.3
Ukrainian	1,260	560	695	2.9	2.7	3.0
Dutch	945	455	495	2.2	2.2	2.2
Polish	1,030	425	605	2.4	2.1	2.6
Québécois	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,270	1,035	1,235	5.2	5.1	5.4
Filipino	505	115	395	1.2	0.6	1.7
French Canadian	280	135	145	0.6	0.7	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	765	380	390	1.8	1.9	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	125	35	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
Métis	200	80	120	0.5	0.4	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	825	390	435	1.9	1.9	1.9
Russian	830	370	455	1.9	1.8	2.0
Norwegian	775	325	450	1.8	1.6	2.0
Welsh	965	460	505	2.2	2.3	2.2
Portuguese	200	90	115	0.5	0.4	0.5
American	745	350	390	1.7	1.7	1.7
Spanish	470	210	255	1.1	1.0	1.1
Swedish	715	350	370	1.6	1.7	1.6
Hungarian	335	160	175	0.8	0.8	0.8
Acadian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	555	290	265	1.3	1.4	1.2
Punjabi	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	125	40	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	135	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	315	200	120	0.7	1.0	0.5
Jamaican	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	665	305	365	1.5	1.5	1.6
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	735	350	390	1.7	1.7	1.7
Romanian	170	60	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
Lebanese	120	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian	4,410	2,175	2,235	10.2	10.7	9.7
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	185	85	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	410	175	235	0.9	0.9	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austrian	335	105	230	0.8	0.5	1.0
Belgian	110	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	90	55	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexican	350	160	190	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mennonite	60	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Swiss	305	160	145	0.7	0.8	0.6
Finnish	280	115	165	0.6	0.6	0.7
Sri Lankan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	240	95	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
Japanese	520	185	330	1.2	0.9	1.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	110	40	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	235	125	110	0.5	0.6	0.5
Muslim	140	85	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Egyptian	165	85	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	190	85	105	0.4	0.4	0.5
Colombian	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	260	140	120	0.6	0.7	0.5
Syrian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	165	75	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ojibway	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Konger	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ontarian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian	1,570	830	740	3.6	4.1	3.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	125	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	75	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	70	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slovak	230	95	130	0.5	0.5	0.6
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	195	95	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	295	130	160	0.7	0.6	0.7
Iraqi	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	100	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	340	160	180	0.8	0.8	0.8
Australian	245	135	110	0.6	0.7	0.5
Palestinian	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chilean	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovenian	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	95	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Northern Irish	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
British Columbian	125	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	70	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	65	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	43,385	20,390	22,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	650	265	385	1.5	1.3	1.7
Christian	14,710	6,310	8,400	33.9	30.9	36.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,910	1,330	1,580	6.7	6.5	6.9
Anabaptist	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Anglican	2,590	985	1,605	6.0	4.8	7.0
Baptist	325	130	195	0.7	0.6	0.8
Catholic	4,515	2,020	2,495	10.4	9.9	10.9
Christian Orthodox	475	230	250	1.1	1.1	1.1
Jehovah's Witness	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	515	200	315	1.2	1.0	1.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	75	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	155	85	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Presbyterian	425	205	220	1.0	1.0	1.0
Reformed	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	1,880	725	1,155	4.3	3.6	5.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	705	305	400	1.6	1.5	1.7
Hindu	300	145	150	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jewish	555	275	280	1.3	1.3	1.2
Muslim	3,855	1,840	2,010	8.9	9.0	8.7
Sikh	135	75	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	555	205	350	1.3	1.0	1.5
No religion and secular perspectives	22,625	11,270	11,355	52.1	55.3	49.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	43,225	20,300	22,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	37,220	17,385	19,835	86.1	85.6	86.5
Movers	6,005	2,915	3,090	13.9	14.4	13.5
Non-migrants	2,985	1,490	1,495	6.9	7.3	6.5
Migrants	3,020	1,425	1,595	7.0	7.0	7.0
Internal migrants	2,095	1,015	1,080	4.8	5.0	4.7
Intraprovincial migrants	1,695	815	880	3.9	4.0	3.8
Interprovincial migrants	400	200	200	0.9	1.0	0.9
External migrants	930	415	515	2.2	2.0	2.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	42,105	19,755	22,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	25,515	11,835	13,680	60.6	59.9	61.2
Movers	16,585	7,920	8,665	39.4	40.1	38.8
Non-migrants	5,285	2,475	2,810	12.6	12.5	12.6
Migrants	11,295	5,445	5,855	26.8	27.6	26.2
Internal migrants	7,610	3,770	3,835	18.1	19.1	17.2
Intraprovincial migrants	6,395	3,130	3,270	15.2	15.8	14.6
Interprovincial migrants	1,215	645	570	2.9	3.3	2.6
External migrants	3,685	1,670	2,015	8.8	8.5	9.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	37,225	17,150	20,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,065	1,450	1,620	8.2	8.5	8.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	34,155	15,705	18,460	91.8	91.6	91.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,070	9,150	10,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	455	225	230	2.3	2.5	2.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,615	8,925	10,685	97.7	97.5	97.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	37,225	17,150	20,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,855	1,325	1,530	7.7	7.7	7.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,605	3,950	4,660	23.1	23.0	23.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,760	11,870	13,890	69.2	69.2	69.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,130	2,755	4,375	19.2	16.1	21.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,275	745	535	3.4	4.3	2.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	635	295	350	1.7	1.7	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	640	450	190	1.7	2.6	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,215	1,410	2,805	11.3	8.2	14.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,635	605	1,035	4.4	3.5	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,635	9,115	9,515	50.1	53.1	47.4
Bachelor's degree	10,475	4,750	5,730	28.1	27.7	28.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,395	640	755	3.7	3.7	3.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	960	555	405	2.6	3.2	2.0
Master's degree	4,805	2,520	2,290	12.9	14.7	11.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	995	655	340	2.7	3.8	1.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,075	9,150	10,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	405	195	210	2.0	2.1	1.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,170	1,580	1,590	15.8	17.3	14.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,495	7,370	9,125	82.2	80.5	83.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,070	1,590	2,475	20.3	17.4	22.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	625	365	255	3.1	4.0	2.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	305	135	170	1.5	1.5	1.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	315	225	90	1.6	2.5	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,335	825	1,515	11.6	9.0	13.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,110	405	705	5.5	4.4	6.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,425	5,780	6,645	61.9	63.2	60.9
Bachelor's degree	6,995	3,010	3,985	34.8	32.9	36.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	795	345	450	4.0	3.8	4.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	625	320	305	3.1	3.5	2.8
Master's degree	3,420	1,755	1,665	17.0	19.2	15.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	590	350	235	2.9	3.8	2.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	37,230	17,145	20,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,460	5,275	6,190	30.8	30.8	30.8
Education	1,420	205	1,215	3.8	1.2	6.1
13. Education	1,420	205	1,215	3.8	1.2	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,320	335	990	3.5	2.0	4.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,245	290	950	3.3	1.7	4.7
Humanities	1,805	585	1,225	4.8	3.4	6.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	285	45	235	0.8	0.3	1.2
23. English language and literature/letters	515	125	390	1.4	0.7	1.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	500	180	320	1.3	1.0	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	60	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	245	125	115	0.7	0.7	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	0	80	0.2	0.0	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,885	1,570	2,315	10.4	9.2	11.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	335	70	265	0.9	0.4	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	240	10	225	0.6	0.1	1.1
22. Legal professions and studies	1,030	565	465	2.8	3.3	2.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	675	145	520	1.8	0.8	2.6
45. Social sciences	1,480	745	730	4.0	4.3	3.6
Business, management and public administration	6,825	3,350	3,480	18.3	19.5	17.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	185	35	145	0.5	0.2	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,640	3,315	3,330	17.8	19.3	16.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,520	825	695	4.1	4.8	3.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	625	260	365	1.7	1.5	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	315	165	155	0.8	1.0	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	530	380	150	1.4	2.2	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,005	615	390	2.7	3.6	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	705	495	210	1.9	2.9	1.0
25. Library science	95	10	75	0.3	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	170	80	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,725	2,975	750	10.0	17.4	3.7
04. Architecture and related services	540	325	220	1.5	1.9	1.1
14. Engineering	2,200	1,765	430	5.9	10.3	2.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	440	355	85	1.2	2.1	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	295	290	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	175	170	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
48. Precision production	70	65	10	0.2	0.4	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	425	200	220	1.1	1.2	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	275	125	145	0.7	0.7	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	150	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Health and related fields	3,230	965	2,270	8.7	5.6	11.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	240	100	145	0.6	0.6	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,595	620	1,980	7.0	3.6	9.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	380	240	145	1.0	1.4	0.7
Personal, protective and transportation services	590	255	340	1.6	1.5	1.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	450	130	315	1.2	0.8	1.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	85	70	10	0.2	0.4	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	20,070	9,145	10,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,575	1,780	1,800	17.8	19.5	16.5
Education	590	70	520	2.9	0.8	4.8
13. Education	590	70	520	2.9	0.8	4.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	910	215	700	4.5	2.4	6.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	860	180	675	4.3	2.0	6.2
Humanities	1,130	360	765	5.6	3.9	7.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	200	30	170	1.0	0.3	1.6
23. English language and literature/letters	300	90	220	1.5	1.0	2.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	350	120	230	1.7	1.3	2.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
54. History	140	70	70	0.7	0.8	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	40	0.2	0.0	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,585	965	1,625	12.9	10.6	14.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	270	55	215	1.3	0.6	2.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	125	10	120	0.6	0.1	1.1
22. Legal professions and studies	685	305	380	3.4	3.3	3.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	425	90	340	2.1	1.0	3.1
45. Social sciences	995	490	505	5.0	5.4	4.6
Business, management and public administration	4,835	2,255	2,580	24.1	24.7	23.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	80	10	70	0.4	0.1	0.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,750	2,245	2,510	23.7	24.5	23.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	945	480	465	4.7	5.2	4.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	465	200	265	2.3	2.2	2.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170	90	75	0.8	1.0	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	275	165	110	1.4	1.8	1.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	745	490	255	3.7	5.4	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	600	430	170	3.0	4.7	1.6
25. Library science	35	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	40	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,295	1,685	615	11.4	18.4	5.6
04. Architecture and related services	325	170	160	1.6	1.9	1.5
14. Engineering	1,430	1,045	380	7.1	11.4	3.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	265	205	60	1.3	2.2	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	145	145	0	0.7	1.6	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	85	85	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
48. Precision production	45	40	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	285	125	160	1.4	1.4	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	175	80	95	0.9	0.9	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	45	70	0.6	0.5	0.6
Health and related fields	1,845	595	1,245	9.2	6.5	11.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	145	65	80	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,465	395	1,065	7.3	4.3	9.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	225	130	95	1.1	1.4	0.9
Personal, protective and transportation services	330	135	195	1.6	1.5	1.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	265	85	180	1.3	0.9	1.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	20,070	9,145	10,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,575	1,780	1,800	17.8	19.5	16.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	16,495	7,375	9,120	82.2	80.6	83.5
Location of study inside Canada	9,090	4,195	4,895	45.3	45.9	44.8
Same as province or territory of residence	6,590	2,955	3,635	32.8	32.3	33.3
Different than province or territory of residence	2,500	1,240	1,260	12.5	13.6	11.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,405	3,180	4,225	36.9	34.8	38.7
Americas	1,310	645	665	6.5	7.1	6.1
United States of America	1,120	580	540	5.6	6.3	4.9
Mexico	75	15	65	0.4	0.2	0.6
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,465	705	755	7.3	7.7	6.9
Belgium	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
France	80	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Germany	105	55	50	0.5	0.6	0.5
Netherlands	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	40	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romania	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	90	45	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
Ukraine	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	765	385	385	3.8	4.2	3.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italy	30	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	130	65	65	0.6	0.7	0.6
Africa	175	85	90	0.9	0.9	0.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	115	60	50	0.6	0.7	0.5
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Asia	4,295	1,655	2,640	21.4	18.1	24.2
Iran⁸⁸	1,290	530	760	6.4	5.8	7.0
Iraq	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkey	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
China⁹⁰	2,125	855	1,265	10.6	9.3	11.6
Taiwan	55	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.2
Japan	80	20	60	0.4	0.2	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	205	70	130	1.0	0.8	1.2
Philippines	225	35	190	1.1	0.4	1.7
Viet Nam	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	125	70	60	0.6	0.8	0.5
Pakistan	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	80	25	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Oceania	160	85	75	0.8	0.9	0.7
Australia	125	65	60	0.6	0.7	0.5
New Zealand	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	37,225	17,150	20,075	...	...	...
In the labour force	19,485	10,330	9,155	...	...	...
Employed	17,640	9,415	8,225	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,840	915	930	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	17,745	6,815	10,930	...	...	...
Participation rate	52.3	60.2	45.6	52.3	60.2	45.6
Employment rate	47.4	54.9	41.0	47.4	54.9	41.0
Unemployment rate	9.4	8.9	10.2	9.4	8.9	10.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	37,230	17,145	20,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	17,890	6,955	10,935	48.1	40.6	54.5
Worked	19,340	10,195	9,145	51.9	59.5	45.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,795	5,345	3,455	23.6	31.2	17.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,540	4,850	5,690	28.3	28.3	28.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.2	40.6	37.6	39.2	40.6	37.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	19,485	10,330	9,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	580	275	310	3.0	2.7	3.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	18,900	10,060	8,845	97.0	97.4	96.7
Employee	11,935	5,840	6,090	61.3	56.5	66.6
Permanent position	9,085	4,495	4,585	46.6	43.5	50.1
Temporary position	2,845	1,345	1,505	14.6	13.0	16.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,075	525	550	5.5	5.1	6.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,775	825	950	9.1	8.0	10.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,975	4,220	2,750	35.8	40.9	30.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	19,485	10,330	9,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	580	275	310	3.0	2.7	3.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	18,900	10,060	8,845	97.0	97.4	96.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,240	945	305	6.4	9.1	3.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,530	2,045	2,480	23.2	19.8	27.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,835	1,380	455	9.4	13.4	5.0
3 Health occupations	1,455	540	915	7.5	5.2	10.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,275	825	1,450	11.7	8.0	15.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,470	605	865	7.5	5.9	9.5
6 Sales and service occupations	4,355	2,225	2,130	22.4	21.5	23.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,350	1,190	160	6.9	11.5	1.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	180	135	40	0.9	1.3	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	210	165	45	1.1	1.6	0.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	19,485	10,330	9,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	580	275	310	3.0	2.7	3.4
All industries¹⁹¹	18,900	10,060	8,845	97.0	97.4	96.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	80	45	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	180	140	40	0.9	1.4	0.4
22 Utilities	60	40	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
23 Construction	1,065	845	220	5.5	8.2	2.4
31-33 Manufacturing	580	395	185	3.0	3.8	2.0
41 Wholesale trade	625	430	195	3.2	4.2	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	1,930	940	985	9.9	9.1	10.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	410	315	90	2.1	3.0	1.0
51 Information and cultural industries	565	335	230	2.9	3.2	2.5
52 Finance and insurance	1,645	960	680	8.4	9.3	7.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,500	835	665	7.7	8.1	7.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,420	1,995	1,425	17.6	19.3	15.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85	55	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	610	345	260	3.1	3.3	2.8
61 Educational services	1,390	490	905	7.1	4.7	9.9
62 Health care and social assistance	1,940	605	1,335	10.0	5.9	14.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	740	375	365	3.8	3.6	4.0
72 Accommodation and food services	920	470	450	4.7	4.5	4.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	645	200	445	3.3	1.9	4.9
91 Public administration	515	240	275	2.6	2.3	3.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	21,270	11,085	10,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	18,500	9,735	8,765	87.0	87.8	86.1
French	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	685	385	305	3.2	3.5	3.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	685	385	305	3.2	3.5	3.0
English and French	135	60	80	0.6	0.5	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	1,850	870	980	8.7	7.8	9.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	21,270	11,085	10,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	20,870	10,875	9,990	98.1	98.1	98.1
Official languages	19,735	10,270	9,470	92.8	92.6	93.0
English	19,700	10,255	9,445	92.6	92.5	92.7
French	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	1,130	610	520	5.3	5.5	5.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,130	610	520	5.3	5.5	5.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	275	145	135	1.3	1.3	1.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	225	125	100	1.1	1.1	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	225	125	100	1.1	1.1	1.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	225	125	100	1.1	1.1	1.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	195	115	85	0.9	1.0	0.8
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	40	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	775	435	345	3.6	3.9	3.4
Chinese languages	775	435	345	3.6	3.9	3.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	755	425	335	3.5	3.8	3.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	405	205	200	1.9	1.8	2.0
English and French	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	395	205	190	1.9	1.8	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	21,270	11,085	10,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	19,590	10,320	9,270	92.1	93.1	91.0
English	420	220	200	2.0	2.0	2.0
French	115	55	60	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	1,005	425	575	4.7	3.8	5.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,005	425	575	4.7	3.8	5.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	90	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	17,640	9,415	8,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,140	3,675	3,465	40.5	39.0	42.1
Worked outside Canada	290	230	60	1.6	2.4	0.7
No fixed workplace address	1,665	1,080	585	9.4	11.5	7.1
Usual place of work	8,550	4,435	4,120	48.5	47.1	50.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,550	4,430	4,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,050	1,350	1,705	35.7	30.5	41.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,295	2,955	2,340	61.9	66.7	56.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	155	100	60	1.8	2.3	1.5
Commute to a different province or territory	50	35	10	0.6	0.8	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	10,215	5,510	4,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	8,135	4,500	3,635	79.6	81.7	77.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,495	4,270	3,225	73.4	77.5	68.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	640	235	410	6.3	4.3	8.7
Public transit	710	375	335	7.0	6.8	7.1
Walked	790	320	475	7.7	5.8	10.1
Bicycle	170	135	40	1.7	2.5	0.9
Other method	395	185	220	3.9	3.4	4.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	10,215	5,510	4,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	2,810	1,275	1,530	27.5	23.1	32.6
15 to 29 minutes	4,070	2,270	1,800	39.8	41.2	38.3
30 to 44 minutes	2,060	1,200	855	20.2	21.8	18.2
45 to 59 minutes	775	445	325	7.6	8.1	6.9
60 minutes and over	505	320	185	4.9	5.8	3.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	10,215	5,510	4,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	220	170	45	2.2	3.1	1.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	925	630	295	9.1	11.4	6.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,115	1,255	860	20.7	22.8	18.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,785	1,510	1,270	27.3	27.4	27.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,995	1,380	1,615	29.3	25.0	34.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,175	560	610	11.5	10.2	13.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,210	4,315	3,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	775	410	370	9.4	9.5	9.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,430	3,910	3,525	90.5	90.6	90.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,805	3,590	3,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	680	360	315	10.0	10.0	9.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	425	230	195	6.2	6.4	6.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	250	130	120	3.7	3.6	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,130	3,230	2,900	90.1	90.0	90.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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