Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	North Vancouver, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	58,120	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	52,898	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	29,021	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	27,293	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,913.0	...	...	4,913.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	11.83	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	58,120	27,535	30,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7,315	3,695	3,620	12.6	13.4	11.8
0 to 4 years	2,425	1,250	1,175	4.2	4.5	3.8
5 to 9 years	2,345	1,190	1,160	4.0	4.3	3.8
10 to 14 years	2,545	1,260	1,285	4.4	4.6	4.2
15 to 64 years	40,610	19,400	21,215	69.9	70.5	69.4
15 to 19 years	2,575	1,320	1,255	4.4	4.8	4.1
20 to 24 years	2,960	1,530	1,430	5.1	5.6	4.7
25 to 29 years	4,380	2,050	2,325	7.5	7.4	7.6
30 to 34 years	5,215	2,500	2,715	9.0	9.1	8.9
35 to 39 years	4,950	2,440	2,510	8.5	8.9	8.2
40 to 44 years	4,290	2,020	2,265	7.4	7.3	7.4
45 to 49 years	3,940	1,875	2,070	6.8	6.8	6.8
50 to 54 years	4,260	1,950	2,305	7.3	7.1	7.5
55 to 59 years	4,095	1,895	2,200	7.0	6.9	7.2
60 to 64 years	3,950	1,810	2,140	6.8	6.6	7.0
65 years and over	10,190	4,435	5,755	17.5	16.1	18.8
65 to 69 years	3,210	1,485	1,730	5.5	5.4	5.7
70 to 74 years	2,595	1,155	1,440	4.5	4.2	4.7
75 to 79 years	1,830	800	1,035	3.1	2.9	3.4
80 to 84 years	1,240	510	725	2.1	1.9	2.4
85 years and over	1,315	490	825	2.3	1.8	2.7
85 to 89 years	830	340	495	1.4	1.2	1.6
90 to 94 years	375	135	235	0.6	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	95	20	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.6	13.4	11.8	12.6	13.4	11.8
15 to 64 years	69.9	70.5	69.4	69.9	70.5	69.4
65 years and over	17.5	16.1	18.8	17.5	16.1	18.8
85 years and over	2.3	1.8	2.7	2.3	1.8	2.7
Average age of the population	42.7	41.6	43.8	42.7	41.6	43.8
Median age of the population	42.0	40.4	43.2	42.0	40.4	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	27,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	2,915	...	...	10.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	930	...	...	3.4	...	...
Row house	2,150	...	...	7.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,100	...	...	11.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,395	...	...	38.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	7,785	...	...	28.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	27,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,235	...	...	37.5	...	...
2 persons	9,310	...	...	34.1	...	...
3 persons	3,900	...	...	14.3	...	...
4 persons	2,800	...	...	10.3	...	...
5 or more persons	1,050	...	...	3.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	57,505	27,220	30,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	50,805	23,835	26,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	28,090	13,960	14,135	55.3	58.6	52.4
Married	21,875	10,855	11,020	43.1	45.5	40.9
Living common-law	6,215	3,105	3,115	12.2	13.0	11.5
Living common law - Never married	5,050	2,510	2,540	9.9	10.5	9.4
Living common law - Separated	180	95	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	910	465	450	1.8	2.0	1.7
Living common law - Widowed	75	40	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	22,710	9,880	12,835	44.7	41.5	47.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	14,775	7,485	7,290	29.1	31.4	27.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,405	570	835	2.8	2.4	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,250	1,425	2,825	8.4	6.0	10.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,285	395	1,885	4.5	1.7	7.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	16,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	9,195	...	...	56.8	...	...
3 persons	3,700	...	...	22.9	...	...
4 persons	2,740	...	...	16.9	...	...
5 or more persons	565	...	...	3.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	16,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	13,625	...	...	84.1	...	...
Married couples	10,515	...	...	64.9	...	...
With children⁶	5,670	...	...	35.0	...	...
Without children	4,845	...	...	29.9	...	...
Common-law couples	3,110	...	...	19.2	...	...
With children⁶	560	...	...	3.5	...	...
Without children	2,550	...	...	15.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,570	...	...	15.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,090	...	...	12.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	475	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	57,505	27,225	30,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	43,350	21,140	22,215	75.4	77.6	73.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	27,250	13,630	13,620	47.4	50.1	45.0
Parents in one-parent families	2,570	480	2,090	4.5	1.8	6.9
Children⁶	13,530	7,035	6,500	23.5	25.8	21.5
In a two-parent family	10,055	5,205	4,845	17.5	19.1	16.0
In a one-parent family	3,475	1,830	1,650	6.0	6.7	5.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	14,155	6,085	8,070	24.6	22.4	26.6
Living alone	10,235	4,270	5,965	17.8	15.7	19.7
Living with other relatives⁷	1,200	415	785	2.1	1.5	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	2,725	1,405	1,320	4.7	5.2	4.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	27,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	14,570	...	...	53.4	...	...
Couple-family households	12,390	...	...	45.4	...	...
With children⁶	5,635	...	...	20.6	...	...
Without children	6,750	...	...	24.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,180	...	...	8.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	420	...	...	1.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	155	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	675	...	...	2.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,240	...	...	4.5	...	...
One-person households	10,235	...	...	37.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	50,210	23,535	26,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,755	22,835	25,920	97.1	97.0	97.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	52,400	42,400	46,400	52,400	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,790	22,845	25,940	97.2	97.1	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	46,400	38,400	41,600	46,400	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,825	21,150	23,675	89.3	89.9	88.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,400	36,400	42,400	50,400	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,965	17,965	19,000	73.6	76.3	71.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	52,400	39,200	44,800	52,400	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,565	16,680	21,890	76.8	70.9	82.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,700	8,000	9,200	8,700	8,000	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,015	1,630	2,385	8.0	6.9	8.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,320	5,480	5,480	5,320	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,935	6,380	7,555	27.8	27.1	28.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000	8,500	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	50,205	23,535	26,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,845	22,840	26,010	97.3	97.0	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,450	72,900	53,250	62,450	72,900	53,250
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,880	22,845	26,035	97.4	97.1	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,720	57,050	45,160	50,720	57,050	45,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,995	21,220	23,775	89.6	90.2	89.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,800	70,700	48,160	58,800	70,700	48,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,965	17,845	19,120	73.6	75.8	71.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,150	71,600	49,520	60,150	71,600	49,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,650	16,685	21,960	77.0	70.9	82.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,460	9,900	10,890	10,460	9,900	10,890
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,990	1,585	2,405	7.9	6.7	9.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,770	6,120	7,190	6,770	6,120	7,190
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,990	6,370	7,620	27.9	27.1	28.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,440	9,200	9,640	9,440	9,200	9,640
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	50,205	23,535	26,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,420	9,810	8,610	36.7	41.7	32.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,000	78,500	66,500	72,000	78,500	66,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	89,800	101,400	76,500	89,800	101,400	76,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,400	6,185	8,215	28.7	26.3	30.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	23,600	18,400	20,400	23,600	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,760	38,240	28,640	32,760	38,240	28,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.8	90.0	82.8	86.8	90.0	82.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.0	76.6	68.4	73.0	76.6	68.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.2	9.9	17.3	13.2	9.9	17.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.3	0.9	0.6	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.2	6.5	5.2	4.2	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.5	5.3	4.3	3.5	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	50,205	23,535	26,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,450	695	750	2.9	3.0	2.8
With total income	48,755	22,840	25,920	97.1	97.0	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,145	1,815	2,330	8.5	7.9	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	4,505	1,920	2,590	9.2	8.4	10.0
$20,000 to $29,999	6,750	2,715	4,030	13.8	11.9	15.5
$30,000 to $39,999	5,675	2,360	3,315	11.6	10.3	12.8
$40,000 to $49,999	4,975	2,080	2,900	10.2	9.1	11.2
$50,000 to $59,999	4,520	1,950	2,570	9.3	8.5	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	3,560	1,620	1,940	7.3	7.1	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,875	1,445	1,425	5.9	6.3	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,320	1,180	1,140	4.8	5.2	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,875	960	915	3.8	4.2	3.5
$100,000 and over	7,555	4,785	2,765	15.5	21.0	10.7
$100,000 to $149,999	4,695	2,770	1,925	9.6	12.1	7.4
$150,000 and over	2,860	2,015	840	5.9	8.8	3.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	50,205	23,535	26,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,420	690	725	2.8	2.9	2.7
With after-tax income	48,785	22,845	25,945	97.2	97.1	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,325	1,895	2,430	8.9	8.3	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	4,670	1,965	2,700	9.6	8.6	10.4
$20,000 to $29,999	7,660	3,115	4,545	15.7	13.6	17.5
$30,000 to $39,999	6,660	2,790	3,870	13.7	12.2	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	5,955	2,545	3,410	12.2	11.1	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	4,910	2,225	2,685	10.1	9.7	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	3,635	1,830	1,805	7.5	8.0	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,810	1,435	1,370	5.8	6.3	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,095	1,105	990	4.3	4.8	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,525	885	635	3.1	3.9	2.4
$100,000 and over	4,555	3,050	1,500	9.3	13.4	5.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,190	1,375	815	4.5	6.0	3.1
$125,000 and over	2,365	1,675	685	4.8	7.3	2.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	50,205	23,535	26,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	13,245	5,570	7,670	26.4	23.7	28.8
With employment income	36,965	17,960	19,000	73.6	76.3	71.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,525	2,000	2,525	12.2	11.1	13.3
$5,000 to $9,999	2,700	1,085	1,615	7.3	6.0	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	3,760	1,625	2,135	10.2	9.0	11.2
$20,000 to $29,999	3,010	1,305	1,705	8.1	7.3	9.0
$30,000 to $39,999	2,970	1,315	1,650	8.0	7.3	8.7
$40,000 to $49,999	2,965	1,270	1,690	8.0	7.1	8.9
$50,000 to $59,999	3,060	1,375	1,680	8.3	7.7	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	2,520	1,180	1,345	6.8	6.6	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,130	1,145	985	5.8	6.4	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	1,815	915	900	4.9	5.1	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,500	795	710	4.1	4.4	3.7
$100,000 and over	6,005	3,950	2,055	16.2	22.0	10.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,425	1,440	985	6.6	8.0	5.2
$125,000 and over	3,585	2,515	1,070	9.7	14.0	5.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	50,210	23,535	26,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,360	22,110	25,255	94.3	93.9	94.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,800	39,600	44,400	50,800	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,450	22,140	25,310	94.5	94.1	94.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,400	35,600	39,200	44,400	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,240	20,800	23,450	88.1	88.4	87.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	50,800	37,200	43,200	50,800	37,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,740	18,150	19,590	75.2	77.1	73.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	50,800	38,000	43,600	50,800	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,795	12,100	17,695	59.3	51.4	66.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,880	1,640	4,000	2,880	1,640	4,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,265	910	1,350	4.5	3.9	5.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	4,440	6,320	5,400	4,440	6,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	50,205	23,535	26,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,480	22,095	25,380	94.6	93.9	95.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,350	68,300	49,760	58,350	68,300	49,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,545	22,120	25,420	94.7	94.0	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600	54,350	41,760	47,600	54,350	41,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	44,380	20,815	23,565	88.4	88.4	88.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,600	68,500	48,000	57,600	68,500	48,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,780	17,960	19,820	75.3	76.3	74.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,850	67,900	46,840	56,850	67,900	46,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,955	12,105	17,845	59.7	51.4	66.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,170	6,870	7,380	7,170	6,870	7,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,215	875	1,345	4.4	3.7	5.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,080	5,510	8,100	7,080	5,510	8,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	50,205	23,535	26,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,190	9,680	8,510	36.2	41.1	31.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	73,000	59,200	66,000	73,000	59,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,800	92,900	69,000	81,800	92,900	69,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,635	5,815	7,815	27.2	24.7	29.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,000	31,600	24,600	28,000	31,600	24,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,080	45,960	33,960	39,080	45,960	33,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.2	94.4	89.6	92.2	94.4	89.6
Employment income (%)	77.4	80.8	73.6	77.4	80.8	73.6
Government transfers (%)	7.8	5.5	10.4	7.8	5.5	10.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.3	0.9	0.6	0.3	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	27,295	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,235	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,400	...	...	50,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	44,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	17,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	27,295	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	111,800	...	...	111,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,800	...	...	90,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,215	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	63,900	...	...	63,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,050	...	...	53,050	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	17,080	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	140,400	...	...	140,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,400	...	...	113,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	27,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	500	...	...	1.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	265	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	555	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,145	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	880	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	865	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	875	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	920	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	965	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,945	...	...	7.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,840	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,705	...	...	6.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,610	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,495	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,535	...	...	42.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,075	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,260	...	...	8.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,835	...	...	10.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,370	...	...	12.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	27,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	560	...	...	2.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	275	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	565	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,215	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,005	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	970	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,095	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,105	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,195	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,240	...	...	8.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,130	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,930	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,840	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,555	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,405	...	...	34.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,075	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,200	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,130	...	...	15.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	16,180	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,000	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,240	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	144,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,960	5,675	7,285	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,200	50,000	45,600	47,200	50,000	45,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,400	44,000	41,200	42,400	44,000	41,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	16,210	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	140,600	...	...	140,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,100	...	...	113,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,985	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	126,500	...	...	126,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,800	...	...	104,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,275	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	177,400	...	...	177,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,450	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,900	...	...	88,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,100	...	...	74,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,860	5,560	7,300	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,950	65,100	56,050	59,950	65,100	56,050
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,160	53,700	47,480	50,160	53,700	47,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	57,510	27,220	30,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,800	4,475	4,325	15.3	16.4	14.3
0 to 5 years	2,880	1,465	1,415	5.0	5.4	4.7
18 to 64 years	38,725	18,390	20,335	67.3	67.6	67.1
65 years and over	9,985	4,360	5,625	17.4	16.0	18.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,380	2,845	3,530	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,015	520	495	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	275	140	135	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,795	1,715	2,085	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,565	610	955	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.1	10.5	11.7	11.1	10.5	11.7
0 to 17 years (%)	11.5	11.6	11.4	11.5	11.6	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	9.6	9.6	9.6	9.6	9.6	9.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.8	9.3	10.2	9.8	9.3	10.2
65 years and over (%)	15.7	14.1	17.0	15.7	14.1	17.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	57,505	27,225	30,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,800	4,475	4,325	15.3	16.4	14.3
0 to 5 years	2,880	1,465	1,415	5.0	5.4	4.7
18 to 64 years	38,720	18,390	20,330	67.3	67.5	67.1
65 years and over	9,980	4,360	5,625	17.4	16.0	18.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,315	2,060	2,260	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	685	350	330	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	175	95	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,985	1,430	1,555	...	...	...
65 years and over	645	275	370	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.5	7.6	7.5	7.5	7.6	7.5
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	7.9	7.7	7.8	7.9	7.7
0 to 5 years (%)	6.2	6.2	6.2	6.2	6.2	6.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.7	7.8	7.6	7.7	7.8	7.6
65 years and over (%)	6.5	6.3	6.6	6.5	6.3	6.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	57,510	27,220	30,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	24,225	10,890	13,330	42.1	40.0	44.0
In bottom decile	6,080	2,820	3,260	10.6	10.4	10.8
In second decile	4,550	1,955	2,595	7.9	7.2	8.6
In third decile	4,310	1,900	2,415	7.5	7.0	8.0
In fourth decile	4,455	2,055	2,400	7.7	7.5	7.9
In fifth decile	4,830	2,175	2,655	8.4	8.0	8.8
In top half of the distribution	33,285	16,330	16,955	57.9	60.0	56.0
In sixth decile	4,985	2,345	2,635	8.7	8.6	8.7
In seventh decile	5,705	2,765	2,945	9.9	10.2	9.7
In eighth decile	5,935	2,845	3,095	10.3	10.5	10.2
In ninth decile	7,140	3,540	3,600	12.4	13.0	11.9
In top decile	9,520	4,830	4,685	16.6	17.7	15.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	57,505	...	...	57,505	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.369	...	...	0.369	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.454	...	...	0.454	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.324	...	...	0.324	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	57,855	27,425	30,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	51,455	24,710	26,745	88.9	90.1	87.9
French only	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	5,350	2,295	3,060	9.2	8.4	10.1
Neither English nor French	1,010	400	605	1.7	1.5	2.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	57,855	27,425	30,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	55,400	26,400	29,000	95.8	96.3	95.3
French	1,035	480	555	1.8	1.8	1.8
English and French	435	165	275	0.8	0.6	0.9
Neither English nor French	980	390	595	1.7	1.4	2.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	57,855	27,425	30,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	55,025	26,160	28,865	95.1	95.4	94.9
Official languages	36,500	17,955	18,540	63.1	65.5	60.9
English	35,520	17,490	18,030	61.4	63.8	59.3
French	980	465	510	1.7	1.7	1.7
Non-official languages	18,525	8,200	10,325	32.0	29.9	33.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	18,515	8,200	10,320	32.0	29.9	33.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	320	175	145	0.6	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	315	170	140	0.5	0.6	0.5
Amharic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	250	135	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,225	870	1,355	3.8	3.2	4.5
Bikol	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cebuano	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	310	130	180	0.5	0.5	0.6
Indonesian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,675	635	1,040	2.9	2.3	3.4
Waray-Waray	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,000	5,545	6,455	20.7	20.2	21.2
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,845	785	1,055	3.2	2.9	3.5
Baltic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,820	775	1,045	3.1	2.8	3.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	260	115	150	0.4	0.4	0.5
Macedonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	355	140	215	0.6	0.5	0.7
Russian	535	220	315	0.9	0.8	1.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	255	120	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatian	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	220	95	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	980	430	550	1.7	1.6	1.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	605	255	350	1.0	0.9	1.2
German	575	240	330	1.0	0.9	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	240	110	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	155	70	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	135	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	115	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	6,670	3,185	3,480	11.5	11.6	11.4
Indo-Aryan languages	795	375	420	1.4	1.4	1.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	130	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hindi	150	80	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	335	160	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5,875	2,815	3,055	10.2	10.3	10.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Parsi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5,760	2,750	3,010	10.0	10.0	9.9
Dari	85	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	5,205	2,475	2,730	9.0	9.0	9.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	470	230	235	0.8	0.8	0.8
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,305	1,050	1,260	4.0	3.8	4.1
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	360	160	195	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portuguese	500	220	275	0.9	0.8	0.9
Romanian	205	95	110	0.4	0.3	0.4
Spanish	1,245	565	680	2.2	2.1	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	490	160	330	0.8	0.6	1.1
Korean	1,135	450	680	2.0	1.6	2.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,675	680	995	2.9	2.5	3.3
Chinese languages	1,670	680	990	2.9	2.5	3.3
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	865	340	525	1.5	1.2	1.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	695	300	395	1.2	1.1	1.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	185	100	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Azerbaijani	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	145	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	220	95	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Estonian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	160	70	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,830	1,270	1,560	4.9	4.6	5.1
English and French	280	145	135	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,155	965	1,190	3.7	3.5	3.9
French and non-official language(s)	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	275	115	160	0.5	0.4	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	57,855	27,425	30,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	37,955	18,535	19,425	65.6	67.6	63.8
French	255	120	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	5,725	2,610	3,120	9.9	9.5	10.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,730	2,610	3,120	9.9	9.5	10.3
English and French	730	340	385	1.3	1.2	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	12,265	5,450	6,815	21.2	19.9	22.4
French and non-official language(s)	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	430	170	260	0.7	0.6	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	450	185	260	0.8	0.7	0.9
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	57,855	27,425	30,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	55,235	26,280	28,955	95.5	95.8	95.2
Official languages	44,250	21,280	22,965	76.5	77.6	75.5
English	43,805	21,080	22,730	75.7	76.9	74.7
French	450	205	240	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-official languages	10,985	4,995	5,985	19.0	18.2	19.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,980	4,995	5,980	19.0	18.2	19.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	70	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	140	70	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,385	585	805	2.4	2.1	2.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	190	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indonesian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,095	450	640	1.9	1.6	2.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,070	3,320	3,750	12.2	12.1	12.3
Albanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	865	400	460	1.5	1.5	1.5
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	855	395	460	1.5	1.4	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	125	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	305	130	180	0.5	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	105	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	140	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	4,860	2,300	2,560	8.4	8.4	8.4
Indo-Aryan languages	405	180	225	0.7	0.7	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	200	90	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	4,460	2,120	2,340	7.7	7.7	7.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	4,390	2,080	2,305	7.6	7.6	7.6
Dari	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	3,970	1,885	2,085	6.9	6.9	6.9
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	345	160	180	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,130	525	610	2.0	1.9	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	325	155	165	0.6	0.6	0.5
Romanian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	635	290	345	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	240	95	145	0.4	0.3	0.5
Korean	890	365	520	1.5	1.3	1.7
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	960	425	540	1.7	1.5	1.8
Chinese languages	960	425	540	1.7	1.5	1.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	580	250	335	1.0	0.9	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	335	150	185	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,615	1,145	1,475	4.5	4.2	4.8
English and French	160	65	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	2,370	1,040	1,335	4.1	3.8	4.4
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	57,855	27,425	30,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	46,170	22,240	23,930	79.8	81.1	78.7
English	4,440	2,025	2,415	7.7	7.4	7.9
French	500	245	260	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-official language	5,415	2,320	3,100	9.4	8.5	10.2
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,405	2,315	3,090	9.3	8.4	10.2
English and French	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	485	240	240	0.8	0.9	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	205	80	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	545	240	300	0.9	0.9	1.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	57,505	27,225	30,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	56,455	26,755	29,705	98.2	98.3	98.1
English	56,425	26,750	29,670	98.1	98.3	98.0
French	5,255	2,210	3,045	9.1	8.1	10.1
Non-official languages	24,510	10,975	13,540	42.6	40.3	44.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,470	10,950	13,520	42.6	40.2	44.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	705	350	360	1.2	1.3	1.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	700	340	355	1.2	1.2	1.2
Amharic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	535	255	275	0.9	0.9	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	105	70	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,180	1,230	1,950	5.5	4.5	6.4
Bikol	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	465	155	310	0.8	0.6	1.0
Indonesian	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kankanaey	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pangasinan	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,960	1,160	1,800	5.1	4.3	5.9
Waray-Waray	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	135	85	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malayalam	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Telugu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	16,030	7,485	8,540	27.9	27.5	28.2
Albanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	2,190	975	1,220	3.8	3.6	4.0
Baltic languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,160	955	1,205	3.8	3.5	4.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	155	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czech	290	135	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	465	205	260	0.8	0.8	0.9
Russian	785	340	445	1.4	1.2	1.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	365	165	200	0.6	0.6	0.7
Bosnian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	155	45	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Serbian	195	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	245	105	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	155	60	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	55	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Irish	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,960	910	1,050	3.4	3.3	3.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,285	570	715	2.2	2.1	2.4
German	1,270	560	710	2.2	2.1	2.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	490	235	255	0.9	0.9	0.8
Afrikaans	260	115	150	0.5	0.4	0.5
Dutch	215	115	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	285	140	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Danish	95	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Icelandic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	115	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	160	90	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	8,050	3,885	4,170	14.0	14.3	13.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,335	665	665	2.3	2.4	2.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	320	140	185	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hindi	560	295	260	1.0	1.1	0.9
Kacchi	100	35	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepali	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	590	290	300	1.0	1.1	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	110	70	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	6,800	3,260	3,535	11.8	12.0	11.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	140	85	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Parsi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	6,730	3,230	3,500	11.7	11.9	11.6
Dari	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	6,265	2,995	3,275	10.9	11.0	10.8
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	440	225	215	0.8	0.8	0.7
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,155	1,820	2,335	7.2	6.7	7.7
Catalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	770	270	500	1.3	1.0	1.7
Portuguese	710	325	385	1.2	1.2	1.3
Romanian	265	115	155	0.5	0.4	0.5
Spanish	2,635	1,210	1,425	4.6	4.4	4.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	795	310	485	1.4	1.1	1.6
Korean	1,355	550	800	2.4	2.0	2.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,325	980	1,345	4.0	3.6	4.4
Chinese languages	2,315	970	1,345	4.0	3.6	4.4
Hakka	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,685	720	960	2.9	2.6	3.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	215	105	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	920	365	555	1.6	1.3	1.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	405	180	230	0.7	0.7	0.8
Azerbaijani	85	45	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	360	155	205	0.6	0.6	0.7
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	230	110	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	170	70	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	57,505	27,225	30,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,230	555	670	2.1	2.0	2.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,185	540	645	2.1	2.0	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	770	355	415	1.3	1.3	1.4
Métis	415	190	225	0.7	0.7	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	56,275	26,665	29,610	97.9	97.9	97.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	57,505	27,225	30,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	575	235	340	1.0	0.9	1.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	56,935	26,990	29,945	99.0	99.1	98.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	27,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	14,535	...	...	53.3	...	...
Renter	12,755	...	...	46.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	27,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	13,360	...	...	48.9	...	...
Not condominium	13,935	...	...	51.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	27,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	680	...	...	2.5	...	...
1 bedroom	9,365	...	...	34.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,410	...	...	34.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,725	...	...	17.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,120	...	...	11.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	27,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	17,065	...	...	62.5	...	...
5 rooms	3,615	...	...	13.2	...	...
6 rooms	2,045	...	...	7.5	...	...
7 rooms	1,385	...	...	5.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,190	...	...	11.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	27,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	26,285	...	...	96.3	...	...
More than one person per room	1,010	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	27,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	24,950	...	...	91.4	...	...
Not suitable	2,340	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	27,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,775	...	...	13.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,245	...	...	30.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,340	...	...	12.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,255	...	...	11.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,185	...	...	4.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,880	...	...	6.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,245	...	...	8.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,370	...	...	12.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	27,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	25,760	...	...	94.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,535	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	27,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	15,055	...	...	55.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	11,205	...	...	41.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,035	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	27,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	535	...	...	2.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,515	...	...	16.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,145	...	...	18.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,890	...	...	17.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,210	...	...	19.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,830	...	...	14.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,250	...	...	8.2	...	...
85 years and over	915	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	27,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	18,130	...	...	66.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,070	...	...	33.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,750	...	...	28.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	27,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,550	...	...	42.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,825	...	...	28.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,380	...	...	5.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	970	...	...	3.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	815	...	...	3.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	410	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	15,750	...	...	57.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	25,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,910	...	...	19.0	...	...
Not in core need	20,970	...	...	81.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,540	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.1	...	...	61.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.9	...	...	24.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.4	...	...	10.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,680	...	...	1,680	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,016	...	...	2,016	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	990,000	...	...	990,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,141,000	...	...	1,141,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,755	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.8	...	...	9.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	43.0	...	...	43.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	29.1	...	...	29.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,620	...	...	1,620	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,774	...	...	1,774	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	57,505	27,220	30,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	440	190	250	0.8	0.7	0.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	415	175	240	0.7	0.6	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	390	170	220	0.7	0.6	0.7
Métis single ancestry	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,075	550	525	1.9	2.0	1.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,020	530	495	1.8	1.9	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	690	355	330	1.2	1.3	1.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	325	170	160	0.6	0.6	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	55,990	26,490	29,505	97.4	97.3	97.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	57,505	27,220	30,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	49,005	23,185	25,815	85.2	85.2	85.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,875	4,020	3,855	13.7	14.8	12.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	41,125	19,165	21,960	71.5	70.4	72.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,500	4,035	4,465	14.8	14.8	14.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	57,505	27,220	30,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	33,080	16,095	16,985	57.5	59.1	56.1
Immigrants⁸¹	22,020	10,025	11,990	38.3	36.8	39.6
Before 1980	3,535	1,480	2,055	6.1	5.4	6.8
1980 to 1990	2,075	1,005	1,075	3.6	3.7	3.6
1991 to 2000	4,215	1,785	2,425	7.3	6.6	8.0
2001 to 2010	5,040	2,230	2,805	8.8	8.2	9.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,155	3,525	3,630	12.4	13.0	12.0
2011 to 2015	3,565	1,730	1,840	6.2	6.4	6.1
2016 to 2021	3,590	1,800	1,785	6.2	6.6	5.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,405	1,105	1,305	4.2	4.1	4.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	22,015	10,030	11,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,455	710	745	6.6	7.1	6.2
5 to 14 years	3,345	1,630	1,720	15.2	16.3	14.3
15 to 24 years	3,310	1,420	1,895	15.0	14.2	15.8
25 to 44 years	11,130	4,905	6,220	50.6	48.9	51.9
45 years and over	2,780	1,365	1,415	12.6	13.6	11.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	22,015	10,030	11,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,125	1,010	1,115	9.7	10.1	9.3
Brazil	295	135	165	1.3	1.3	1.4
Colombia	100	50	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
El Salvador	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyana	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mexico	350	155	195	1.6	1.5	1.6
Peru	115	60	55	0.5	0.6	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
United States of America	750	385	360	3.4	3.8	3.0
Other places of birth in Americas	395	175	220	1.8	1.7	1.8
Europe	5,800	2,660	3,140	26.3	26.5	26.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	90	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatia	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
France	215	125	95	1.0	1.2	0.8
Germany	400	170	230	1.8	1.7	1.9
Greece	75	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hungary	85	25	60	0.4	0.2	0.5
Italy	265	100	165	1.2	1.0	1.4
Netherlands	145	75	70	0.7	0.7	0.6
Poland	310	135	170	1.4	1.3	1.4
Portugal	100	40	65	0.5	0.4	0.5
Romania	235	100	140	1.1	1.0	1.2
Russian Federation	280	90	185	1.3	0.9	1.5
Serbia⁸⁶	70	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Ukraine	165	65	105	0.7	0.6	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,175	1,060	1,115	9.9	10.6	9.3
Other places of birth in Europe	1,150	555	600	5.2	5.5	5.0
Africa	1,135	540	600	5.2	5.4	5.0
Algeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	60	35	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Eritrea	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ethiopia	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Morocco	45	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Nigeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	490	235	255	2.2	2.3	2.1
Other places of birth in Africa	480	200	280	2.2	2.0	2.3
Asia	12,465	5,555	6,905	56.6	55.4	57.6
Afghanistan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	5,040	2,425	2,610	22.9	24.2	21.8
Iraq	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lebanon	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	40	35	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Turkey	85	25	55	0.4	0.2	0.5
China⁹⁰	830	330	495	3.8	3.3	4.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	390	155	230	1.8	1.5	1.9
Korea, South⁹²	855	345	515	3.9	3.4	4.3
Taiwan	275	110	160	1.2	1.1	1.3
Philippines	2,890	1,140	1,745	13.1	11.4	14.6
Viet Nam	65	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	715	370	350	3.2	3.7	2.9
Pakistan	80	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sri Lanka	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	1,025	470	560	4.7	4.7	4.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	490	260	230	2.2	2.6	1.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,590	1,800	1,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	540	270	265	15.0	15.0	14.8
Brazil	190	90	95	5.3	5.0	5.3
Colombia	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	90	55	35	2.5	3.1	2.0
United States of America	155	85	65	4.3	4.7	3.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	95	35	60	2.6	1.9	3.4
Europe	725	395	325	20.2	21.9	18.2
France	75	35	35	2.1	1.9	2.0
Germany	45	25	25	1.3	1.4	1.4
Ireland⁹⁶	35	25	10	1.0	1.4	0.6
Italy	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Russian Federation	50	25	25	1.4	1.4	1.4
Ukraine	35	10	30	1.0	0.6	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	260	165	100	7.2	9.2	5.6
Other places of birth in Europe	210	105	105	5.8	5.8	5.9
Africa	190	100	90	5.3	5.6	5.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	10	10	0.4	0.6	0.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	105	55	50	2.9	3.1	2.8
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
Asia	1,960	915	1,045	54.6	50.8	58.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	135	50	90	3.8	2.8	5.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.6
India	165	100	60	4.6	5.6	3.4
Iran⁸⁸	750	370	380	20.9	20.6	21.3
Iraq	15	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Japan	40	15	25	1.1	0.8	1.4
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	130	50	80	3.6	2.8	4.5
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	550	245	310	15.3	13.6	17.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	0.8	1.1	0.6
Turkey	20	10	15	0.6	0.6	0.8
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	20	0	15	0.6	0.0	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	45	10	30	1.3	0.6	1.7
Oceania and other⁹³	185	115	70	5.2	6.4	3.9
Australia	115	75	45	3.2	4.2	2.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	70	40	25	1.9	2.2	1.4
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	57,505	27,225	30,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	25,195	11,490	13,700	43.8	42.2	45.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	13,025	6,275	6,750	22.7	23.0	22.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	19,285	9,455	9,830	33.5	34.7	32.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	18,475	8,545	9,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	12,925	6,125	6,795	70.0	71.7	68.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	5,750	3,050	2,705	31.1	35.7	27.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,175	3,080	4,095	38.8	36.0	41.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,895	1,550	2,345	21.1	18.1	23.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,540	810	725	8.3	9.5	7.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	125	60	60	0.7	0.7	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	18,475	8,545	9,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	605	350	250	3.3	4.1	2.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,460	1,395	2,060	18.7	16.3	20.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	570	230	330	3.1	2.7	3.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,130	530	600	6.1	6.2	6.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	85	40	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	12,635	5,990	6,645	68.4	70.1	66.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	57,505	27,225	30,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	20,855	9,490	11,365	36.3	34.9	37.5
South Asian	2,100	1,045	1,050	3.7	3.8	3.5
Chinese	3,005	1,315	1,690	5.2	4.8	5.6
Black	550	270	285	1.0	1.0	0.9
Filipino	3,815	1,620	2,190	6.6	6.0	7.2
Arab	355	175	180	0.6	0.6	0.6
Latin American	1,210	540	675	2.1	2.0	2.2
Southeast Asian	405	170	230	0.7	0.6	0.8
West Asian	6,155	2,970	3,185	10.7	10.9	10.5
Korean	1,435	595	840	2.5	2.2	2.8
Japanese	755	285	470	1.3	1.0	1.6
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	315	190	130	0.5	0.7	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	760	315	440	1.3	1.2	1.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	36,650	17,730	18,920	63.7	65.1	62.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	57,505	27,225	30,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,225	2,230	1,990	7.3	8.2	6.6
English	12,115	5,860	6,255	21.1	21.5	20.7
Irish	7,625	3,620	4,005	13.3	13.3	13.2
Scottish	9,170	4,455	4,710	15.9	16.4	15.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,180	1,515	1,660	5.5	5.6	5.5
German	4,805	2,245	2,560	8.4	8.2	8.5
Chinese	2,985	1,305	1,690	5.2	4.8	5.6
Italian	2,725	1,280	1,440	4.7	4.7	4.8
Indian (India)	1,475	720	755	2.6	2.6	2.5
Ukrainian	2,085	990	1,095	3.6	3.6	3.6
Dutch	1,710	855	855	3.0	3.1	2.8
Polish	1,585	720	865	2.8	2.6	2.9
Québécois	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,830	1,335	1,500	4.9	4.9	5.0
Filipino	3,585	1,545	2,045	6.2	5.7	6.8
French Canadian	465	255	210	0.8	0.9	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,210	620	590	2.1	2.3	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	565	280	290	1.0	1.0	1.0
Métis	435	210	225	0.8	0.8	0.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,170	535	635	2.0	2.0	2.1
Russian	1,360	650	710	2.4	2.4	2.3
Norwegian	1,130	525	605	2.0	1.9	2.0
Welsh	1,205	510	695	2.1	1.9	2.3
Portuguese	555	235	315	1.0	0.9	1.0
American	820	415	405	1.4	1.5	1.3
Spanish	1,135	505	630	2.0	1.9	2.1
Swedish	1,030	490	540	1.8	1.8	1.8
Hungarian	590	230	360	1.0	0.8	1.2
Acadian	60	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	135	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	240	110	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	495	230	265	0.9	0.8	0.9
Punjabi	165	75	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	150	35	110	0.3	0.1	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	155	60	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Greek	365	200	165	0.6	0.7	0.5
Jamaican	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	600	225	375	1.0	0.8	1.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	1,400	585	815	2.4	2.1	2.7
Romanian	505	215	290	0.9	0.8	1.0
Lebanese	165	60	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iranian	5,560	2,600	2,955	9.7	9.6	9.8
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	130	35	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
Danish	640	295	345	1.1	1.1	1.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	165	70	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	135	90	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Austrian	615	270	345	1.1	1.0	1.1
Belgian	190	75	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	635	300	340	1.1	1.1	1.1
Mennonite	90	65	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Swiss	350	140	210	0.6	0.5	0.7
Finnish	340	170	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sri Lankan	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Croatian	340	175	160	0.6	0.6	0.5
Japanese	870	360	510	1.5	1.3	1.7
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	315	155	155	0.5	0.6	0.5
Muslim	140	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Egyptian	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	165	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	265	135	130	0.5	0.5	0.4
Colombian	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	435	200	240	0.8	0.7	0.8
Syrian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	65	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afghan	50	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	250	100	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
Ojibway	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	165	70	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ontarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	1,755	845	905	3.1	3.1	3.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	245	85	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	295	150	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
Nigerian	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slovak	305	135	170	0.5	0.5	0.6
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	200	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Somali	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	200	70	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Iraqi	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	125	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	155	90	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	105	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	400	165	235	0.7	0.6	0.8
Australian	460	210	245	0.8	0.8	0.8
Palestinian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	130	80	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	160	60	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	175	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albertan	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	65	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuban	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	160	90	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Northern Irish	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	165	70	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Fijian	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	160	65	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	95	35	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sicilian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	57,510	27,225	30,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	470	215	255	0.8	0.8	0.8
Christian	20,915	8,945	11,960	36.4	32.9	39.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,010	1,755	2,250	7.0	6.4	7.4
Anabaptist	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	1,745	725	1,025	3.0	2.7	3.4
Baptist	470	235	235	0.8	0.9	0.8
Catholic	9,450	4,065	5,380	16.4	14.9	17.8
Christian Orthodox	910	435	475	1.6	1.6	1.6
Jehovah's Witness	170	70	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	440	170	275	0.8	0.6	0.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	320	100	220	0.6	0.4	0.7
Presbyterian	520	235	285	0.9	0.9	0.9
Reformed	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	1,600	560	1,035	2.8	2.1	3.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,025	470	560	1.8	1.7	1.8
Hindu	340	195	150	0.6	0.7	0.5
Jewish	385	190	195	0.7	0.7	0.6
Muslim	4,245	1,960	2,285	7.4	7.2	7.5
Sikh	530	245	285	0.9	0.9	0.9
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	70	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	975	375	605	1.7	1.4	2.0
No religion and secular perspectives	29,580	15,075	14,510	51.4	55.4	47.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	56,970	26,915	30,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	47,315	22,300	25,015	83.1	82.9	83.2
Movers	9,650	4,620	5,030	16.9	17.2	16.7
Non-migrants	6,020	2,840	3,180	10.6	10.6	10.6
Migrants	3,625	1,775	1,855	6.4	6.6	6.2
Internal migrants	2,720	1,325	1,400	4.8	4.9	4.7
Intraprovincial migrants	2,125	1,030	1,090	3.7	3.8	3.6
Interprovincial migrants	595	290	305	1.0	1.1	1.0
External migrants	905	455	455	1.6	1.7	1.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	55,055	26,010	29,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	28,210	13,165	15,045	51.2	50.6	51.8
Movers	26,845	12,845	14,000	48.8	49.4	48.2
Non-migrants	7,890	3,825	4,070	14.3	14.7	14.0
Migrants	18,955	9,025	9,930	34.4	34.7	34.2
Internal migrants	13,885	6,615	7,270	25.2	25.4	25.0
Intraprovincial migrants	11,560	5,480	6,080	21.0	21.1	20.9
Interprovincial migrants	2,330	1,130	1,195	4.2	4.3	4.1
External migrants	5,070	2,410	2,660	9.2	9.3	9.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,205	23,535	26,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,370	2,275	2,095	8.7	9.7	7.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	45,830	21,260	24,575	91.3	90.3	92.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,855	16,465	18,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,250	740	510	3.6	4.5	2.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	33,600	15,720	17,880	96.4	95.5	97.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,205	23,535	26,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,820	1,940	1,885	7.6	8.2	7.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,585	5,680	5,900	23.1	24.1	22.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,800	15,915	18,885	69.3	67.6	70.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,525	6,275	7,245	26.9	26.7	27.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,965	1,980	985	5.9	8.4	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,365	700	665	2.7	3.0	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,605	1,280	320	3.2	5.4	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,225	3,435	4,790	16.4	14.6	18.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,335	860	1,475	4.7	3.7	5.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,280	9,635	11,645	42.4	40.9	43.7
Bachelor's degree	13,505	5,980	7,525	26.9	25.4	28.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,620	605	1,015	3.2	2.6	3.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	420	235	185	0.8	1.0	0.7
Master's degree	5,020	2,375	2,645	10.0	10.1	9.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	710	440	270	1.4	1.9	1.0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,855	16,460	18,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	955	540	415	2.7	3.3	2.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,315	3,455	2,855	18.1	21.0	15.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,585	12,460	15,125	79.1	75.7	82.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,810	4,670	5,140	28.1	28.4	27.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,040	1,410	625	5.9	8.6	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	920	480	435	2.6	2.9	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,125	930	195	3.2	5.7	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,055	2,620	3,435	17.4	15.9	18.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,710	640	1,075	4.9	3.9	5.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,775	7,790	9,985	51.0	47.3	54.3
Bachelor's degree	11,325	4,910	6,415	32.5	29.8	34.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,285	440	840	3.7	2.7	4.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	345	170	170	1.0	1.0	0.9
Master's degree	4,285	1,970	2,320	12.3	12.0	12.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	540	300	235	1.5	1.8	1.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,205	23,535	26,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,405	7,625	7,780	30.7	32.4	29.2
Education	1,995	425	1,570	4.0	1.8	5.9
13. Education	1,995	425	1,570	4.0	1.8	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,350	1,010	1,340	4.7	4.3	5.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	360	265	95	0.7	1.1	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	1,985	745	1,240	4.0	3.2	4.6
Humanities	2,035	720	1,310	4.1	3.1	4.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	265	40	225	0.5	0.2	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	615	160	460	1.2	0.7	1.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	560	205	350	1.1	0.9	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135	95	40	0.3	0.4	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	250	145	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,095	1,750	3,340	10.1	7.4	12.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	15	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	710	275	435	1.4	1.2	1.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	545	60	485	1.1	0.3	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	925	300	630	1.8	1.3	2.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	40	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	895	235	660	1.8	1.0	2.5
45. Social sciences	1,795	820	970	3.6	3.5	3.6
Business, management and public administration	7,900	3,535	4,370	15.7	15.0	16.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	260	60	205	0.5	0.3	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,640	3,475	4,165	15.2	14.8	15.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,520	780	740	3.0	3.3	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	525	215	310	1.0	0.9	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	370	165	200	0.7	0.7	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	520	355	165	1.0	1.5	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,645	1,065	580	3.3	4.5	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,240	890	355	2.5	3.8	1.3
25. Library science	140	25	115	0.3	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	210	115	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,905	4,735	1,170	11.8	20.1	4.4
04. Architecture and related services	565	340	225	1.1	1.4	0.8
14. Engineering	2,660	1,965	695	5.3	8.3	2.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	870	700	165	1.7	3.0	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	940	890	50	1.9	3.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	535	515	10	1.1	2.2	0.0
48. Precision production	335	320	15	0.7	1.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	570	305	265	1.1	1.3	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	330	165	165	0.7	0.7	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	240	145	95	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	4,425	950	3,475	8.8	4.0	13.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	465	240	225	0.9	1.0	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,835	645	3,190	7.6	2.7	12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,355	635	720	2.7	2.7	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	875	250	625	1.7	1.1	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	170	130	45	0.3	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	305	260	50	0.6	1.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	34,850	16,465	18,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,270	4,000	3,270	20.9	24.3	17.8
Education	1,370	285	1,085	3.9	1.7	5.9
13. Education	1,370	285	1,085	3.9	1.7	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,815	775	1,040	5.2	4.7	5.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	260	205	65	0.7	1.2	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	1,550	575	980	4.4	3.5	5.3
Humanities	1,695	620	1,075	4.9	3.8	5.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	245	30	215	0.7	0.2	1.2
23. English language and literature/letters	495	125	370	1.4	0.8	2.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	470	180	290	1.3	1.1	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	85	45	0.4	0.5	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	195	135	60	0.6	0.8	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,270	1,430	2,840	12.3	8.7	15.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	15	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	655	255	400	1.9	1.5	2.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	390	45	340	1.1	0.3	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	800	250	550	2.3	1.5	3.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	35	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	740	185	550	2.1	1.1	3.0
45. Social sciences	1,505	650	855	4.3	3.9	4.6
Business, management and public administration	6,390	2,810	3,580	18.3	17.1	19.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	190	40	155	0.5	0.2	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,200	2,775	3,425	17.8	16.9	18.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,100	485	615	3.2	2.9	3.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	415	150	265	1.2	0.9	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	280	110	170	0.8	0.7	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	345	210	135	1.0	1.3	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,410	935	475	4.0	5.7	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,140	820	315	3.3	5.0	1.7
25. Library science	100	20	85	0.3	0.1	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	125	70	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,635	3,635	1,000	13.3	22.1	5.4
04. Architecture and related services	450	250	195	1.3	1.5	1.1
14. Engineering	2,205	1,595	610	6.3	9.7	3.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	605	455	145	1.7	2.8	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	740	710	30	2.1	4.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	400	400	0	1.1	2.4	0.0
48. Precision production	230	220	10	0.7	1.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	490	250	235	1.4	1.5	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	270	125	145	0.8	0.8	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	215	135	90	0.6	0.8	0.5
Health and related fields	3,375	755	2,620	9.7	4.6	14.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	395	210	190	1.1	1.3	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,890	505	2,380	8.3	3.1	12.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,025	470	560	2.9	2.9	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	665	185	485	1.9	1.1	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	150	115	35	0.4	0.7	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	210	170	35	0.6	1.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	34,850	16,465	18,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,270	4,000	3,270	20.9	24.3	17.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	27,585	12,460	15,125	79.2	75.7	82.2
Location of study inside Canada	17,935	8,140	9,795	51.5	49.4	53.2
Same as province or territory of residence	13,775	6,180	7,595	39.5	37.5	41.3
Different than province or territory of residence	4,160	1,960	2,200	11.9	11.9	12.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	9,650	4,320	5,325	27.7	26.2	28.9
Americas	1,490	780	710	4.3	4.7	3.9
United States of America	875	520	350	2.5	3.2	1.9
Mexico	225	100	125	0.6	0.6	0.7
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	215	85	125	0.6	0.5	0.7
Colombia	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	90	40	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Europe	2,385	1,180	1,200	6.8	7.2	6.5
Belgium	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	170	80	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
Germany	95	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Netherlands	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungary	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	75	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	110	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian Federation	130	65	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	100	70	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,045	545	500	3.0	3.3	2.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Europe	370	150	215	1.1	0.9	1.2
Africa	230	120	110	0.7	0.7	0.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	185	95	90	0.5	0.6	0.5
Other locations of study in Africa	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asia	5,110	2,025	3,085	14.7	12.3	16.8
Iran⁸⁸	2,185	955	1,235	6.3	5.8	6.7
Iraq	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Israel	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	300	135	160	0.9	0.8	0.9
Taiwan	65	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japan	175	60	115	0.5	0.4	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	440	115	325	1.3	0.7	1.8
Philippines	1,335	450	890	3.8	2.7	4.8
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	265	135	130	0.8	0.8	0.7
Pakistan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	200	90	110	0.6	0.5	0.6
Oceania	430	210	225	1.2	1.3	1.2
Australia	330	160	175	0.9	1.0	1.0
New Zealand	100	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	50,205	23,535	26,675	...	...	...
In the labour force	35,135	17,390	17,745	...	...	...
Employed	32,490	16,135	16,355	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,640	1,255	1,390	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	15,075	6,150	8,930	...	...	...
Participation rate	70.0	73.9	66.5	70.0	73.9	66.5
Employment rate	64.7	68.6	61.3	64.7	68.6	61.3
Unemployment rate	7.5	7.2	7.8	7.5	7.2	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	50,205	23,535	26,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	15,710	6,490	9,220	31.3	27.6	34.6
Worked	34,500	17,045	17,455	68.7	72.4	65.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,060	10,255	8,805	38.0	43.6	33.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	15,440	6,790	8,645	30.8	28.9	32.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.7	40.9	41.8	42.7	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	35,130	17,385	17,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	675	300	370	1.9	1.7	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	34,460	17,085	17,375	98.1	98.3	97.9
Employee	28,360	13,540	14,815	80.7	77.9	83.5
Permanent position	23,815	11,565	12,250	67.8	66.5	69.0
Temporary position	4,540	1,980	2,565	12.9	11.4	14.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,650	750	895	4.7	4.3	5.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,895	1,225	1,670	8.2	7.0	9.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,100	3,545	2,555	17.4	20.4	14.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	35,130	17,385	17,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	675	300	370	1.9	1.7	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	34,460	17,085	17,375	98.1	98.3	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	615	430	180	1.8	2.5	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,070	2,280	4,785	20.1	13.1	27.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,775	2,875	905	10.7	16.5	5.1
3 Health occupations	2,570	395	2,175	7.3	2.3	12.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,420	1,410	3,010	12.6	8.1	17.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,445	1,265	1,175	7.0	7.3	6.6
6 Sales and service occupations	8,455	3,935	4,520	24.1	22.6	25.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,240	3,830	410	12.1	22.0	2.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	365	270	90	1.0	1.6	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	515	395	120	1.5	2.3	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	35,130	17,385	17,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	675	300	370	1.9	1.7	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	34,460	17,085	17,375	98.1	98.3	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	135	95	40	0.4	0.5	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	170	100	70	0.5	0.6	0.4
22 Utilities	190	120	75	0.5	0.7	0.4
23 Construction	2,465	2,105	360	7.0	12.1	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	1,415	975	440	4.0	5.6	2.5
41 Wholesale trade	935	600	340	2.7	3.5	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	4,025	1,945	2,080	11.5	11.2	11.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,310	950	355	3.7	5.5	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,685	1,095	590	4.8	6.3	3.3
52 Finance and insurance	1,830	770	1,055	5.2	4.4	5.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,090	625	465	3.1	3.6	2.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,895	2,745	2,145	13.9	15.8	12.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	125	70	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,365	750	610	3.9	4.3	3.4
61 Educational services	2,720	920	1,800	7.7	5.3	10.1
62 Health care and social assistance	4,145	645	3,490	11.8	3.7	19.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	955	440	510	2.7	2.5	2.9
72 Accommodation and food services	1,940	855	1,080	5.5	4.9	6.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,520	545	970	4.3	3.1	5.5
91 Public administration	1,560	730	830	4.4	4.2	4.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	37,010	18,230	18,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	34,625	17,175	17,455	93.6	94.2	92.9
French	65	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	275	130	145	0.7	0.7	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	275	130	145	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and French	405	150	250	1.1	0.8	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,550	710	840	4.2	3.9	4.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	37,010	18,230	18,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	36,710	18,095	18,620	99.2	99.3	99.1
Official languages	36,060	17,775	18,285	97.4	97.5	97.4
English	35,895	17,730	18,160	97.0	97.3	96.7
French	165	40	125	0.4	0.2	0.7
Non-official languages	650	320	335	1.8	1.8	1.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	645	315	335	1.7	1.7	1.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	365	205	160	1.0	1.1	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	300	180	120	0.8	1.0	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	295	180	120	0.8	1.0	0.6
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	295	180	120	0.8	1.0	0.6
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	275	165	115	0.7	0.9	0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	125	50	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	300	140	155	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	250	120	125	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	37,010	18,230	18,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	35,220	17,440	17,780	95.2	95.7	94.7
English	430	185	240	1.2	1.0	1.3
French	275	130	145	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	900	385	515	2.4	2.1	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	900	385	515	2.4	2.1	2.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	32,490	16,135	16,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,930	4,850	5,080	30.6	30.1	31.1
Worked outside Canada	95	75	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
No fixed workplace address	3,810	2,645	1,170	11.7	16.4	7.2
Usual place of work	18,650	8,570	10,080	57.4	53.1	61.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	18,650	8,565	10,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	6,825	2,795	4,035	36.6	32.6	40.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,600	5,635	5,965	62.2	65.8	59.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	175	110	60	0.9	1.3	0.6
Commute to a different province or territory	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	22,465	11,210	11,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	15,075	8,195	6,880	67.1	73.1	61.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	13,825	7,795	6,030	61.5	69.5	53.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,250	400	855	5.6	3.6	7.6
Public transit	3,400	1,295	2,110	15.1	11.6	18.7
Walked	2,760	990	1,765	12.3	8.8	15.7
Bicycle	545	365	180	2.4	3.3	1.6
Other method	685	360	325	3.0	3.2	2.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	22,465	11,210	11,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	6,990	3,155	3,835	31.1	28.1	34.1
15 to 29 minutes	8,150	4,065	4,085	36.3	36.3	36.3
30 to 44 minutes	4,575	2,530	2,040	20.4	22.6	18.1
45 to 59 minutes	1,630	865	770	7.3	7.7	6.8
60 minutes and over	1,120	595	530	5.0	5.3	4.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	22,465	11,210	11,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,030	625	405	4.6	5.6	3.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,220	1,990	1,225	14.3	17.8	10.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,625	2,775	2,850	25.0	24.8	25.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,715	2,535	3,180	25.4	22.6	28.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,920	1,780	2,140	17.4	15.9	19.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,945	1,495	1,450	13.1	13.3	12.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,995	4,555	4,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	775	375	395	8.6	8.2	8.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,220	4,180	4,040	91.4	91.8	91.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,400	3,230	3,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	560	265	295	8.8	8.2	9.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	365	175	190	5.7	5.4	6.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	195	90	105	3.0	2.8	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,845	2,965	2,880	91.3	91.8	90.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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