Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	North Vancouver, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	88,168	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	85,649^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	34,179	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	32,700	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	548.8	...	...	548.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	160.66	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	88,165	42,935	45,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,570	7,620	6,945	16.5	17.7	15.4
0 to 4 years	3,825	2,010	1,815	4.3	4.7	4.0
5 to 9 years	5,075	2,650	2,425	5.8	6.2	5.4
10 to 14 years	5,665	2,960	2,705	6.4	6.9	6.0
15 to 64 years	56,670	27,440	29,235	64.3	63.9	64.6
15 to 19 years	5,680	2,850	2,830	6.4	6.6	6.3
20 to 24 years	4,715	2,490	2,225	5.3	5.8	4.9
25 to 29 years	3,895	2,065	1,835	4.4	4.8	4.1
30 to 34 years	4,205	1,980	2,230	4.8	4.6	4.9
35 to 39 years	5,370	2,505	2,860	6.1	5.8	6.3
40 to 44 years	6,165	2,825	3,345	7.0	6.6	7.4
45 to 49 years	6,575	3,075	3,500	7.5	7.2	7.7
50 to 54 years	6,875	3,315	3,560	7.8	7.7	7.9
55 to 59 years	6,720	3,195	3,525	7.6	7.4	7.8
60 to 64 years	6,460	3,140	3,320	7.3	7.3	7.3
65 years and over	16,925	7,885	9,045	19.2	18.4	20.0
65 to 69 years	4,955	2,450	2,510	5.6	5.7	5.5
70 to 74 years	4,210	1,980	2,235	4.8	4.6	4.9
75 to 79 years	3,335	1,590	1,745	3.8	3.7	3.9
80 to 84 years	2,155	965	1,190	2.4	2.2	2.6
85 years and over	2,270	900	1,370	2.6	2.1	3.0
85 to 89 years	1,340	560	785	1.5	1.3	1.7
90 to 94 years	725	285	435	0.8	0.7	1.0
95 to 99 years	175	50	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.5	17.7	15.4	16.5	17.7	15.4
15 to 64 years	64.3	63.9	64.6	64.3	63.9	64.6
65 years and over	19.2	18.4	20.0	19.2	18.4	20.0
85 years and over	2.6	2.1	3.0	2.6	2.1	3.0
Average age of the population	42.8	41.8	43.8	42.8	41.8	43.8
Median age of the population	44.4	43.6	45.6	44.4	43.6	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	32,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	16,115	...	...	49.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	515	...	...	1.6	...	...
Row house	2,895	...	...	8.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,850	...	...	17.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,445	...	...	13.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,865	...	...	8.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	32,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	6,745	...	...	20.6	...	...
2 persons	10,625	...	...	32.5	...	...
3 persons	5,970	...	...	18.3	...	...
4 persons	6,545	...	...	20.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,815	...	...	8.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	87,385	42,605	44,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	73,600	35,320	38,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	46,405	23,105	23,295	63.1	65.4	60.8
Married	40,810	20,300	20,510	55.4	57.5	53.6
Living common-law	5,590	2,805	2,785	7.6	7.9	7.3
Living common law - Never married	4,050	2,050	2,000	5.5	5.8	5.2
Living common law - Separated	160	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,275	625	655	1.7	1.8	1.7
Living common law - Widowed	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	27,200	12,215	14,985	37.0	34.6	39.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	18,450	9,700	8,745	25.1	27.5	22.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,440	545	890	2.0	1.5	2.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,920	1,285	2,635	5.3	3.6	6.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,390	680	2,705	4.6	1.9	7.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	25,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,675	...	...	45.0	...	...
3 persons	6,090	...	...	23.5	...	...
4 persons	6,540	...	...	25.2	...	...
5 or more persons	1,625	...	...	6.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	25,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,670	...	...	87.4	...	...
Married couples	19,880	...	...	76.7	...	...
With children⁶	12,050	...	...	46.5	...	...
Without children	7,830	...	...	30.2	...	...
Common-law couples	2,790	...	...	10.8	...	...
With children⁶	970	...	...	3.7	...	...
Without children	1,820	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,255	...	...	12.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,550	...	...	9.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	705	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	87,385	42,600	44,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	76,185	38,000	38,185	87.2	89.2	85.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	45,345	22,665	22,675	51.9	53.2	50.6
Parents in one-parent families	3,260	710	2,545	3.7	1.7	5.7
Children⁶	27,580	14,625	12,960	31.6	34.3	28.9
In a two-parent family	22,880	12,090	10,790	26.2	28.4	24.1
In a one-parent family	4,705	2,535	2,170	5.4	6.0	4.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,200	4,605	6,595	12.8	10.8	14.7
Living alone	6,750	2,640	4,105	7.7	6.2	9.2
Living with other relatives⁷	1,570	525	1,045	1.8	1.2	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	2,885	1,440	1,445	3.3	3.4	3.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	32,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	22,445	...	...	68.6	...	...
Couple-family households	19,800	...	...	60.6	...	...
With children⁶	11,535	...	...	35.3	...	...
Without children	8,270	...	...	25.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,645	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	915	...	...	2.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	455	...	...	1.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,185	...	...	3.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	960	...	...	2.9	...	...
One-person households	6,750	...	...	20.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	72,820	34,985	37,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,370	33,835	36,535	96.6	96.7	96.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,600	60,000	42,800	49,600	60,000	42,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,410	33,860	36,550	96.7	96.8	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	52,400	38,800	44,400	52,400	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,120	31,970	34,155	90.8	91.4	90.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	56,800	36,000	44,800	56,800	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,245	25,665	25,580	70.4	73.4	67.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	58,400	37,200	46,000	58,400	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,710	22,440	29,275	71.0	64.1	77.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	9,200	9,200	9,200	9,200	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,325	1,710	2,615	5.9	4.9	6.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,000	5,560	5,480	5,000	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,885	8,330	9,555	24.6	23.8	25.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	72,820	34,985	37,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,270	33,790	36,475	96.5	96.6	96.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	79,200	99,000	60,800	79,200	99,000	60,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,295	33,810	36,485	96.5	96.6	96.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,500	74,000	49,840	61,500	74,000	49,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,925	31,875	34,050	90.5	91.1	90.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	76,200	97,700	56,150	76,200	97,700	56,150
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,245	25,755	25,490	70.4	73.6	67.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	74,700	94,200	54,850	74,700	94,200	54,850
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,345	22,130	29,215	70.5	63.3	77.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,470	10,450	10,490	10,470	10,450	10,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,310	1,750	2,560	5.9	5.0	6.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,440	5,064	7,380	6,440	5,064	7,380
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,670	8,165	9,510	24.3	23.3	25.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,130	9,060	9,200	9,130	9,060	9,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	72,815	34,985	37,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,885	13,795	10,085	32.8	39.4	26.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	88,000	98,000	78,000	88,000	98,000	78,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	120,700	139,400	95,000	120,700	139,400	95,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,555	9,370	12,185	29.6	26.8	32.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	19,800	17,000	18,200	19,800	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,080	45,360	30,760	37,080	45,360	30,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	90.4	93.0	86.2	90.4	93.0	86.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.8	72.6	63.1	68.8	72.6	63.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	9.7	6.9	13.8	9.7	6.9	13.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	0.3	0.9	0.5	0.3	0.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.5	2.6	4.9	3.5	2.6	4.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.9	2.2	4.0	2.9	2.2	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	72,820	34,985	37,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,445	1,150	1,295	3.4	3.3	3.4
With total income	70,375	33,840	36,535	96.6	96.7	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,330	3,150	4,180	10.4	9.3	11.4
$10,000 to $19,999	6,850	2,880	3,965	9.7	8.5	10.9
$20,000 to $29,999	8,385	3,350	5,035	11.9	9.9	13.8
$30,000 to $39,999	6,795	2,795	4,005	9.7	8.3	11.0
$40,000 to $49,999	6,040	2,555	3,485	8.6	7.6	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,200	2,180	3,020	7.4	6.4	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,420	1,970	2,450	6.3	5.8	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,890	1,885	2,000	5.5	5.6	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,125	1,560	1,565	4.4	4.6	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,855	1,465	1,385	4.1	4.3	3.8
$100,000 and over	15,480	10,040	5,440	22.0	29.7	14.9
$100,000 to $149,999	7,790	4,530	3,260	11.1	13.4	8.9
$150,000 and over	7,690	5,510	2,180	10.9	16.3	6.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	72,820	34,985	37,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,410	1,125	1,290	3.3	3.2	3.4
With after-tax income	70,410	33,860	36,545	96.7	96.8	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,735	3,320	4,420	11.0	9.8	12.1
$10,000 to $19,999	7,135	2,990	4,145	10.1	8.8	11.3
$20,000 to $29,999	9,435	3,785	5,645	13.4	11.2	15.4
$30,000 to $39,999	7,840	3,260	4,575	11.1	9.6	12.5
$40,000 to $49,999	6,875	2,935	3,945	9.8	8.7	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	5,990	2,640	3,350	8.5	7.8	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,945	2,410	2,540	7.0	7.1	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,850	1,940	1,910	5.5	5.7	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,290	1,775	1,520	4.7	5.2	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,495	1,450	1,050	3.5	4.3	2.9
$100,000 and over	10,815	7,355	3,455	15.4	21.7	9.5
$100,000 to $124,999	4,165	2,560	1,610	5.9	7.6	4.4
$125,000 and over	6,645	4,805	1,845	9.4	14.2	5.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	72,820	34,985	37,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,575	9,320	12,250	29.6	26.6	32.4
With employment income	51,240	25,660	25,585	70.4	73.3	67.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,830	3,570	4,255	15.3	13.9	16.6
$5,000 to $9,999	3,915	1,650	2,265	7.6	6.4	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	4,955	2,100	2,860	9.7	8.2	11.2
$20,000 to $29,999	3,545	1,545	1,995	6.9	6.0	7.8
$30,000 to $39,999	3,380	1,465	1,910	6.6	5.7	7.5
$40,000 to $49,999	3,330	1,405	1,925	6.5	5.5	7.5
$50,000 to $59,999	3,070	1,305	1,770	6.0	5.1	6.9
$60,000 to $69,999	2,775	1,290	1,490	5.4	5.0	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,450	1,210	1,245	4.8	4.7	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,180	1,070	1,105	4.3	4.2	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,120	1,085	1,030	4.1	4.2	4.0
$100,000 and over	11,700	7,970	3,730	22.8	31.1	14.6
$100,000 to $124,999	3,560	2,105	1,450	6.9	8.2	5.7
$125,000 and over	8,135	5,860	2,280	15.9	22.8	8.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	72,820	34,985	37,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,175	32,740	35,435	93.6	93.6	93.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,200	60,400	41,600	49,200	60,400	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,335	32,785	35,555	93.8	93.7	94.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	52,000	36,800	43,200	52,000	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,930	31,395	33,540	89.2	89.7	88.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	58,400	37,600	46,000	58,400	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	52,735	26,240	26,500	72.4	75.0	70.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	56,400	36,000	44,400	56,400	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	40,025	16,250	23,775	55.0	46.4	62.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,880	3,960	5,200	4,880	3,960	5,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,690	955	1,735	3.7	2.7	4.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,840	4,800	7,050	5,840	4,800	7,050
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	72,820	34,985	37,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,010	32,765	35,250	93.4	93.7	93.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	79,400	102,000	58,350	79,400	102,000	58,350
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,195	32,800	35,395	93.6	93.8	93.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,100	74,200	47,120	60,100	74,200	47,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,635	31,365	33,265	88.8	89.7	87.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	78,700	102,400	56,250	78,700	102,400	56,250
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	52,630	26,335	26,295	72.3	75.3	69.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	74,000	95,400	52,500	74,000	95,400	52,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,695	16,150	23,540	54.5	46.2	62.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,940	8,040	7,880	7,940	8,040	7,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,630	900	1,730	3.6	2.6	4.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,390	6,010	9,620	8,390	6,010	9,620
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	72,815	34,985	37,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,585	13,650	9,935	32.4	39.0	26.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	83,000	95,000	73,000	83,000	95,000	73,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	116,300	136,000	89,300	116,300	136,000	89,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,170	8,815	11,365	27.7	25.2	30.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	26,800	23,000	24,400	26,800	23,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	46,800	60,550	36,120	46,800	60,550	36,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	94.2	96.2	91.0	94.2	96.2	91.0
Employment income (%)	72.0	75.2	67.2	72.0	75.2	67.2
Government transfers (%)	5.8	3.9	9.0	5.8	3.9	9.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	0.2	0.8	0.4	0.2	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	32,700	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,750	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,400	...	...	52,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	46,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	25,955	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...	147,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	32,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	170,200	...	...	170,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	132,200	...	...	132,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	70,600	...	...	70,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	57,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	25,985	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	195,800	...	...	195,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	151,600	...	...	151,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	32,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	370	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	210	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	315	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	775	...	...	2.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	645	...	...	2.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	645	...	...	2.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	750	...	...	2.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	810	...	...	2.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	815	...	...	2.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,525	...	...	4.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,620	...	...	5.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,590	...	...	4.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,550	...	...	4.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,525	...	...	4.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,415	...	...	59.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,305	...	...	10.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,900	...	...	8.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,510	...	...	13.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	8,695	...	...	26.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	32,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	490	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	165	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	215	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	325	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	820	...	...	2.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	725	...	...	2.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	745	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	925	...	...	2.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	925	...	...	2.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	910	...	...	2.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,920	...	...	5.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,925	...	...	5.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,855	...	...	5.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,825	...	...	5.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,695	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,245	...	...	52.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,790	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,305	...	...	10.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	10,145	...	...	31.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	25,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	146,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,740	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,050	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	188,000	...	...	188,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,000	...	...	156,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,060	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,635	4,080	5,550	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,200	49,600	45,200	47,200	49,600	45,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	43,600	40,800	42,000	43,600	40,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	25,525	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	194,600	...	...	194,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	150,200	...	...	150,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,725	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	156,600	...	...	156,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,200	...	...	123,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	241,600	...	...	241,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	183,000	...	...	183,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,025	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	105,700	...	...	105,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,700	...	...	87,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,605	4,020	5,590	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,100	67,700	58,050	62,100	67,700	58,050
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,000	53,950	48,920	51,000	53,950	48,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	87,385	42,605	44,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,020	9,350	8,670	20.6	21.9	19.4
0 to 5 years	4,730	2,480	2,250	5.4	5.8	5.0
18 to 64 years	53,075	25,620	27,455	60.7	60.1	61.3
65 years and over	16,285	7,635	8,655	18.6	17.9	19.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,505	2,935	3,570	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,485	790	695	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	330	170	155	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,545	1,575	1,970	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,475	570	905	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.4	6.9	8.0	7.4	6.9	8.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.2	8.4	8.0	8.2	8.4	8.0
0 to 5 years (%)	6.9	6.9	7.0	6.9	6.9	7.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.7	6.1	7.2	6.7	6.1	7.2
65 years and over (%)	9.1	7.5	10.5	9.1	7.5	10.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	87,385	42,600	44,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,025	9,350	8,675	20.6	21.9	19.4
0 to 5 years	4,730	2,475	2,250	5.4	5.8	5.0
18 to 64 years	53,075	25,620	27,455	60.7	60.1	61.3
65 years and over	16,285	7,635	8,650	18.6	17.9	19.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,575	2,130	2,445	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,035	540	490	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	210	105	100	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,880	1,315	1,565	...	...	...
65 years and over	670	280	390	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.2	5.0	5.5	5.2	5.0	5.5
0 to 17 years (%)	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.7	5.8	5.7
0 to 5 years (%)	4.4	4.2	4.6	4.4	4.2	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.4	5.1	5.7	5.4	5.1	5.7
65 years and over (%)	4.1	3.7	4.5	4.1	3.7	4.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	87,385	42,605	44,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	26,050	12,005	14,045	29.8	28.2	31.4
In bottom decile	6,355	2,910	3,445	7.3	6.8	7.7
In second decile	4,625	2,060	2,570	5.3	4.8	5.7
In third decile	4,625	2,110	2,515	5.3	5.0	5.6
In fourth decile	4,885	2,290	2,590	5.6	5.4	5.8
In fifth decile	5,560	2,635	2,925	6.4	6.2	6.5
In top half of the distribution	61,335	30,595	30,735	70.2	71.8	68.6
In sixth decile	6,400	3,070	3,335	7.3	7.2	7.4
In seventh decile	7,835	3,830	4,010	9.0	9.0	9.0
In eighth decile	9,380	4,685	4,695	10.7	11.0	10.5
In ninth decile	12,810	6,425	6,380	14.7	15.1	14.2
In top decile	24,910	12,590	12,325	28.5	29.6	27.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	87,385	...	...	87,385	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.402	...	...	0.402	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.466	...	...	0.466	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.346	...	...	0.346	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.7	...	...	4.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	87,505	42,650	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	76,585	37,975	38,610	87.5	89.0	86.1
French only	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	9,615	4,155	5,455	11.0	9.7	12.2
Neither English nor French	1,265	500	765	1.4	1.2	1.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	87,505	42,650	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	84,360	41,285	43,080	96.4	96.8	96.0
French	1,265	580	685	1.4	1.4	1.5
English and French	640	295	340	0.7	0.7	0.8
Neither English nor French	1,235	485	745	1.4	1.1	1.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	87,505	42,650	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	84,535	41,285	43,255	96.6	96.8	96.4
Official languages	61,570	30,825	30,750	70.4	72.3	68.6
English	60,360	30,265	30,095	69.0	71.0	67.1
French	1,215	565	650	1.4	1.3	1.4
Non-official languages	22,965	10,460	12,505	26.2	24.5	27.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,955	10,455	12,500	26.2	24.5	27.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	315	175	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	315	175	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	245	140	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	85	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,140	440	700	1.3	1.0	1.6
Bikol	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	895	340	555	1.0	0.8	1.2
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,655	6,935	7,720	16.7	16.3	17.2
Albanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,880	805	1,075	2.1	1.9	2.4
Baltic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,850	795	1,055	2.1	1.9	2.4
Belarusian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	260	115	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	445	200	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian	555	220	330	0.6	0.5	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	215	110	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bosnian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	170	65	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,850	895	960	2.1	2.1	2.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,180	560	625	1.3	1.3	1.4
German	1,110	530	585	1.3	1.2	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	415	220	200	0.5	0.5	0.4
Afrikaans	140	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dutch	270	145	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	255	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swedish	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	8,170	3,930	4,245	9.3	9.2	9.5
Indo-Aryan languages	910	410	505	1.0	1.0	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	255	110	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kacchi	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	310	140	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	7,265	3,520	3,745	8.3	8.3	8.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	7,180	3,480	3,700	8.2	8.2	8.2
Dari	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	6,645	3,235	3,410	7.6	7.6	7.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	500	230	270	0.6	0.5	0.6
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,505	1,185	1,320	2.9	2.8	2.9
Catalan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	420	210	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	460	200	260	0.5	0.5	0.6
Romanian	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Spanish	1,480	705	775	1.7	1.7	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	525	165	355	0.6	0.4	0.8
Korean	1,530	665	870	1.7	1.6	1.9
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,025	1,750	2,280	4.6	4.1	5.1
Chinese languages	4,020	1,745	2,280	4.6	4.1	5.1
Hakka	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,355	1,015	1,340	2.7	2.4	3.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,455	645	815	1.7	1.5	1.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	5	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	5	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	220	105	110	0.3	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	300	130	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Finnish	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	200	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,965	1,365	1,600	3.4	3.2	3.6
English and French	495	245	245	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	2,110	950	1,155	2.4	2.2	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	230	110	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	87,505	42,650	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	63,445	31,545	31,900	72.5	74.0	71.1
French	340	150	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	6,950	3,245	3,705	7.9	7.6	8.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	6,950	3,245	3,705	7.9	7.6	8.3
English and French	1,230	600	630	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	14,600	6,690	7,905	16.7	15.7	17.6
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	600	265	340	0.7	0.6	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	320	150	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	87,505	42,650	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	84,665	41,330	43,335	96.8	96.9	96.6
Official languages	71,630	35,225	36,400	81.9	82.6	81.2
English	71,100	34,990	36,110	81.3	82.0	80.5
French	525	235	290	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official languages	13,035	6,100	6,940	14.9	14.3	15.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,035	6,100	6,940	14.9	14.3	15.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	115	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	500	235	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	395	180	215	0.5	0.4	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,050	3,840	4,210	9.2	9.0	9.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	780	365	415	0.9	0.9	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	785	365	415	0.9	0.9	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	315	135	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	315	160	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	165	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5,685	2,725	2,965	6.5	6.4	6.6
Indo-Aryan languages	330	145	185	0.4	0.3	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5,355	2,580	2,775	6.1	6.0	6.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5,310	2,555	2,755	6.1	6.0	6.1
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	4,935	2,380	2,550	5.6	5.6	5.7
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	355	160	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,190	565	625	1.4	1.3	1.4
Catalan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	250	125	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	795	380	410	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	260	110	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	1,190	520	675	1.4	1.2	1.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,630	1,190	1,435	3.0	2.8	3.2
Chinese languages	2,630	1,190	1,435	3.0	2.8	3.2
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,745	775	970	2.0	1.8	2.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	800	375	420	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,835	1,320	1,520	3.2	3.1	3.4
English and French	185	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,550	1,170	1,375	2.9	2.7	3.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	87,505	42,650	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	73,190	36,085	37,100	83.6	84.6	82.7
English	5,400	2,555	2,845	6.2	6.0	6.3
French	995	475	520	1.1	1.1	1.2
Non-official language	6,450	2,855	3,595	7.4	6.7	8.0
Indigenous³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	6,425	2,845	3,575	7.3	6.7	8.0
English and French	95	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	480	225	255	0.5	0.5	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	310	140	165	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	575	270	305	0.7	0.6	0.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	87,385	42,605	44,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	86,140	42,075	44,065	98.6	98.8	98.4
English	86,115	42,060	44,060	98.5	98.7	98.4
French	9,665	4,195	5,475	11.1	9.8	12.2
Non-official languages	29,985	13,800	16,185	34.3	32.4	36.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	29,975	13,790	16,175	34.3	32.4	36.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	465	225	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	465	225	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	305	155	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	145	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,735	645	1,090	2.0	1.5	2.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	165	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,630	600	1,035	1.9	1.4	2.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	145	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20,240	9,580	10,665	23.2	22.5	23.8
Albanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	2,275	970	1,295	2.6	2.3	2.9
Baltic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,240	960	1,280	2.6	2.3	2.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	425	205	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Macedonian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	505	245	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian	785	325	455	0.9	0.8	1.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	195	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbian	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	245	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	195	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,525	1,730	1,785	4.0	4.1	4.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,185	1,075	1,115	2.5	2.5	2.5
German	2,155	1,060	1,095	2.5	2.5	2.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,035	560	475	1.2	1.3	1.1
Afrikaans	580	325	260	0.7	0.8	0.6
Dutch	465	245	215	0.5	0.6	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	500	215	275	0.6	0.5	0.6
Danish	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	155	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swedish	230	100	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	220	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	9,815	4,710	5,110	11.2	11.1	11.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,620	760	855	1.9	1.8	1.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	495	230	270	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hindi	515	265	250	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kacchi	260	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	615	315	305	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Urdu	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	8,205	3,945	4,255	9.4	9.3	9.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	110	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	8,125	3,915	4,215	9.3	9.2	9.4
Dari	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	7,520	3,670	3,845	8.6	8.6	8.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	595	240	350	0.7	0.6	0.8
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,180	2,460	2,720	5.9	5.8	6.1
Catalan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	920	440	475	1.1	1.0	1.1
Portuguese	800	405	390	0.9	1.0	0.9
Romanian	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Spanish	3,715	1,745	1,965	4.3	4.1	4.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	905	400	505	1.0	0.9	1.1
Korean	1,635	735	895	1.9	1.7	2.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	140	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	130	65	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,685	2,115	2,570	5.4	5.0	5.7
Chinese languages	4,680	2,110	2,570	5.4	5.0	5.7
Hakka	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,305	1,510	1,800	3.8	3.5	4.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	220	95	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	1,865	815	1,050	2.1	1.9	2.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	445	215	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Azerbaijani	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	385	175	210	0.4	0.4	0.5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	385	165	220	0.4	0.4	0.5
Estonian	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Finnish	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	235	90	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,385	42,600	44,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,580	810	770	1.8	1.9	1.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,545	780	765	1.8	1.8	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	980	500	475	1.1	1.2	1.1
Métis	570	280	290	0.7	0.7	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	85,805	41,795	44,010	98.2	98.1	98.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,385	42,600	44,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	585	310	275	0.7	0.7	0.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	86,800	42,295	44,510	99.3	99.3	99.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	32,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	24,990	...	...	76.4	...	...
Renter	7,710	...	...	23.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	32,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,880	...	...	24.1	...	...
Not condominium	24,820	...	...	75.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	32,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	270	...	...	0.8	...	...
1 bedroom	3,520	...	...	10.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,860	...	...	21.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,125	...	...	27.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,920	...	...	39.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	32,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,560	...	...	26.2	...	...
5 rooms	3,960	...	...	12.1	...	...
6 rooms	3,590	...	...	11.0	...	...
7 rooms	3,915	...	...	12.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,675	...	...	38.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	32,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	32,075	...	...	98.1	...	...
More than one person per room	625	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	32,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	31,395	...	...	96.0	...	...
Not suitable	1,305	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	32,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,020	...	...	21.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,890	...	...	36.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,470	...	...	13.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,030	...	...	9.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,025	...	...	3.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,050	...	...	3.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,610	...	...	4.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,615	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	32,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	30,690	...	...	93.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,010	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	32,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	13,745	...	...	42.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,985	...	...	51.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,970	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	32,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	305	...	...	0.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,515	...	...	7.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,390	...	...	16.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,140	...	...	21.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,270	...	...	22.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,280	...	...	16.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,400	...	...	10.4	...	...
85 years and over	1,400	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	32,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	24,040	...	...	73.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,565	...	...	26.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,190	...	...	22.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	32,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,760	...	...	32.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,575	...	...	23.2	...	...
Not suitable only	800	...	...	2.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,315	...	...	4.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	380	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	570	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	21,935	...	...	67.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	31,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,605	...	...	11.5	...	...
Not in core need	27,625	...	...	88.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	24,990	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.8	...	...	55.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.4	...	...	21.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,780	...	...	1,780	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,420	...	...	2,420	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,600,000	...	...	1,600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,670,000	...	...	1,670,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,705	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.0	...	...	11.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.2	...	...	42.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.5	...	...	23.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,880	...	...	1,880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,094	...	...	2,094	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	87,390	42,605	44,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	360	185	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	360	185	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	240	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis single ancestry	125	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,715	885	835	2.0	2.1	1.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,700	875	820	1.9	2.1	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,205	625	575	1.4	1.5	1.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	500	250	245	0.6	0.6	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	85,310	41,535	43,775	97.6	97.5	97.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	87,385	42,605	44,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	78,665	38,505	40,165	90.0	90.4	89.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,775	8,755	8,020	19.2	20.5	17.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	61,890	29,750	32,145	70.8	69.8	71.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,715	4,100	4,620	10.0	9.6	10.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	87,385	42,605	44,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	56,705	28,405	28,295	64.9	66.7	63.2
Immigrants⁸¹	28,200	13,015	15,185	32.3	30.5	33.9
Before 1980	6,320	2,860	3,460	7.2	6.7	7.7
1980 to 1990	2,965	1,375	1,595	3.4	3.2	3.6
1991 to 2000	5,480	2,460	3,015	6.3	5.8	6.7
2001 to 2010	6,285	2,885	3,405	7.2	6.8	7.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,145	3,435	3,710	8.2	8.1	8.3
2011 to 2015	3,805	1,885	1,920	4.4	4.4	4.3
2016 to 2021	3,340	1,550	1,790	3.8	3.6	4.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,485	1,180	1,305	2.8	2.8	2.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	28,200	13,020	15,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,455	1,195	1,260	8.7	9.2	8.3
5 to 14 years	4,555	2,235	2,320	16.2	17.2	15.3
15 to 24 years	4,400	1,960	2,435	15.6	15.1	16.0
25 to 44 years	13,645	6,080	7,565	48.4	46.7	49.8
45 years and over	3,145	1,545	1,600	11.2	11.9	10.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	28,200	13,020	15,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,870	1,250	1,625	10.2	9.6	10.7
Brazil	210	95	115	0.7	0.7	0.8
Colombia	160	60	105	0.6	0.5	0.7
El Salvador	45	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guyana	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	75	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexico	405	185	225	1.4	1.4	1.5
Peru	100	25	70	0.4	0.2	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
United States of America	1,450	645	800	5.1	5.0	5.3
Other places of birth in Americas	380	145	230	1.3	1.1	1.5
Europe	8,385	3,970	4,410	29.7	30.5	29.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Croatia	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	240	130	115	0.9	1.0	0.8
Germany	830	385	440	2.9	3.0	2.9
Greece	55	35	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	125	65	60	0.4	0.5	0.4
Italy	300	160	140	1.1	1.2	0.9
Netherlands	285	145	145	1.0	1.1	1.0
Poland	335	155	180	1.2	1.2	1.2
Portugal	100	35	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romania	140	60	85	0.5	0.5	0.6
Russian Federation	305	115	195	1.1	0.9	1.3
Serbia⁸⁶	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	160	60	105	0.6	0.5	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,800	1,890	1,915	13.5	14.5	12.6
Other places of birth in Europe	1,575	690	885	5.6	5.3	5.8
Africa	1,810	940	875	6.4	7.2	5.8
Algeria	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	865	460	410	3.1	3.5	2.7
Other places of birth in Africa	855	420	435	3.0	3.2	2.9
Asia	14,495	6,545	7,955	51.4	50.3	52.4
Afghanistan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	6,395	3,090	3,305	22.7	23.7	21.8
Iraq	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanon	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Turkey	100	55	45	0.4	0.4	0.3
China⁹⁰	1,985	845	1,140	7.0	6.5	7.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	860	380	480	3.0	2.9	3.2
Korea, South⁹²	1,210	520	685	4.3	4.0	4.5
Taiwan	365	190	180	1.3	1.5	1.2
Philippines	1,580	620	960	5.6	4.8	6.3
Viet Nam	60	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	590	285	310	2.1	2.2	2.0
Pakistan	90	35	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Sri Lanka	80	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	1,060	400	660	3.8	3.1	4.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	635	305	330	2.3	2.3	2.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,340	1,550	1,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	480	225	260	14.4	14.5	14.5
Brazil	85	40	45	2.5	2.6	2.5
Colombia	20	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	45	20	30	1.3	1.3	1.7
United States of America	275	135	135	8.2	8.7	7.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	50	20	35	1.5	1.3	2.0
Europe	810	430	375	24.3	27.7	20.9
France	65	35	25	1.9	2.3	1.4
Germany	25	20	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	35	20	15	1.0	1.3	0.8
Italy	20	0	15	0.6	0.0	0.8
Russian Federation	40	10	25	1.2	0.6	1.4
Ukraine	40	20	20	1.2	1.3	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	355	190	165	10.6	12.3	9.2
Other places of birth in Europe	235	125	110	7.0	8.1	6.1
Africa	120	60	55	3.6	3.9	3.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	15	0	0.4	1.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	70	30	40	2.1	1.9	2.2
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	15	10	0.6	1.0	0.6
Asia	1,795	775	1,020	53.7	50.0	57.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	390	150	245	11.7	9.7	13.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	20	0.7	0.6	1.1
India	100	55	45	3.0	3.5	2.5
Iran⁸⁸	765	360	405	22.9	23.2	22.6
Iraq	20	0	15	0.6	0.0	0.8
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	25	10	10	0.7	0.6	0.6
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	100	35	70	3.0	2.3	3.9
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	305	125	180	9.1	8.1	10.1
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	15	0	0.4	1.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
Oceania and other⁹³	130	55	75	3.9	3.5	4.2
Australia	100	35	70	3.0	2.3	3.9
Other places of birth⁹⁸	30	20	10	0.9	1.3	0.6
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	87,385	42,600	44,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	32,250	15,030	17,220	36.9	35.3	38.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	20,905	10,460	10,450	23.9	24.6	23.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	34,230	17,115	17,115	39.2	40.2	38.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	21,875	10,155	11,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	15,415	7,415	8,000	70.5	73.0	68.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	6,150	3,830	2,320	28.1	37.7	19.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	9,270	3,585	5,680	42.4	35.3	48.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,915	1,930	2,980	22.5	19.0	25.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,335	720	620	6.1	7.1	5.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	210	90	120	1.0	0.9	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	21,875	10,155	11,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	625	315	310	2.9	3.1	2.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,395	1,485	1,915	15.5	14.6	16.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	945	480	465	4.3	4.7	4.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,070	480	590	4.9	4.7	5.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	75	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	15,765	7,360	8,400	72.1	72.5	71.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	87,385	42,600	44,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	25,415	11,865	13,555	29.1	27.9	30.3
South Asian	2,780	1,355	1,430	3.2	3.2	3.2
Chinese	6,070	2,845	3,225	6.9	6.7	7.2
Black	475	215	260	0.5	0.5	0.6
Filipino	2,155	885	1,275	2.5	2.1	2.8
Arab	220	125	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Latin American	1,255	555	700	1.4	1.3	1.6
Southeast Asian	375	150	225	0.4	0.4	0.5
West Asian	7,680	3,715	3,965	8.8	8.7	8.9
Korean	1,775	805	970	2.0	1.9	2.2
Japanese	1,130	470	665	1.3	1.1	1.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	370	185	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	1,135	570	565	1.3	1.3	1.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	61,970	30,740	31,225	70.9	72.2	69.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	87,385	42,605	44,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,335	4,265	4,070	9.5	10.0	9.1
English	21,875	10,915	10,960	25.0	25.6	24.5
Irish	12,985	6,310	6,675	14.9	14.8	14.9
Scottish	16,270	8,235	8,035	18.6	19.3	17.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,355	2,685	2,665	6.1	6.3	6.0
German	9,595	4,690	4,910	11.0	11.0	11.0
Chinese	5,940	2,775	3,165	6.8	6.5	7.1
Italian	3,965	2,050	1,915	4.5	4.8	4.3
Indian (India)	2,025	965	1,060	2.3	2.3	2.4
Ukrainian	3,435	1,660	1,770	3.9	3.9	4.0
Dutch	3,215	1,655	1,560	3.7	3.9	3.5
Polish	2,640	1,225	1,415	3.0	2.9	3.2
Québécois	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,680	2,875	2,810	6.5	6.7	6.3
Filipino	2,065	850	1,215	2.4	2.0	2.7
French Canadian	870	395	480	1.0	0.9	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,550	740	810	1.8	1.7	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	630	330	295	0.7	0.8	0.7
Métis	640	325	310	0.7	0.8	0.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,255	1,105	1,145	2.6	2.6	2.6
Russian	2,025	995	1,030	2.3	2.3	2.3
Norwegian	2,290	1,095	1,195	2.6	2.6	2.7
Welsh	2,275	1,175	1,095	2.6	2.8	2.4
Portuguese	750	395	350	0.9	0.9	0.8
American	1,675	800	875	1.9	1.9	2.0
Spanish	1,150	500	650	1.3	1.2	1.5
Swedish	2,040	1,015	1,025	2.3	2.4	2.3
Hungarian	995	460	535	1.1	1.1	1.2
Acadian	110	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	290	130	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jewish	985	525	465	1.1	1.2	1.0
Punjabi	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	220	100	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	130	65	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Greek	665	315	350	0.8	0.7	0.8
Jamaican	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	565	270	295	0.6	0.6	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	1,805	820	985	2.1	1.9	2.2
Romanian	405	170	230	0.5	0.4	0.5
Lebanese	210	60	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
Iranian	6,445	3,125	3,315	7.4	7.3	7.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	215	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Danish	1,015	470	545	1.2	1.1	1.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	220	120	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sikh	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	1,050	565	485	1.2	1.3	1.1
Belgian	425	260	170	0.5	0.6	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mexican	720	355	365	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mennonite	140	90	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Swiss	760	425	330	0.9	1.0	0.7
Finnish	610	290	320	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lankan	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	515	240	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Japanese	1,285	550	735	1.5	1.3	1.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	190	110	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	580	280	300	0.7	0.7	0.7
Muslim	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	350	150	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	565	290	280	0.6	0.7	0.6
Colombian	140	50	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	800	375	420	0.9	0.9	0.9
Syrian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Serbian	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	425	205	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ontarian	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	2,550	1,275	1,275	2.9	3.0	2.8
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkish	210	80	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	340	160	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigerian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovak	450	215	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	240	115	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	285	150	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iraqi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	255	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	235	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
South African	865	435	435	1.0	1.0	1.0
Australian	710	310	400	0.8	0.7	0.9
Palestinian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chilean	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	170	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	315	160	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	90	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Albertan	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	160	65	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Laotian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	115	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Columbian	435	220	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ecuadorian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	225	105	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Kurdish	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	230	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	140	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kenyan	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cherokee	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	87,385	42,605	44,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	775	315	465	0.9	0.7	1.0
Christian	29,845	13,430	16,415	34.2	31.5	36.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,325	2,970	3,355	7.2	7.0	7.5
Anabaptist	185	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	3,650	1,640	2,005	4.2	3.8	4.5
Baptist	705	290	415	0.8	0.7	0.9
Catholic	10,845	4,965	5,880	12.4	11.7	13.1
Christian Orthodox	825	340	485	0.9	0.8	1.1
Jehovah's Witness	210	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	945	440	500	1.1	1.0	1.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	140	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	310	125	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Presbyterian	650	310	345	0.7	0.7	0.8
Reformed	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	3,335	1,310	2,025	3.8	3.1	4.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,575	725	850	1.8	1.7	1.9
Hindu	295	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jewish	845	420	420	1.0	1.0	0.9
Muslim	5,570	2,645	2,920	6.4	6.2	6.5
Sikh	550	275	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,210	515	695	1.4	1.2	1.6
No religion and secular perspectives	48,275	24,855	23,425	55.2	58.3	52.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	86,750	42,245	44,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	75,935	36,955	38,980	87.5	87.5	87.6
Movers	10,815	5,295	5,525	12.5	12.5	12.4
Non-migrants	6,525	3,135	3,395	7.5	7.4	7.6
Migrants	4,285	2,155	2,130	4.9	5.1	4.8
Internal migrants	3,085	1,520	1,565	3.6	3.6	3.5
Intraprovincial migrants	2,425	1,190	1,240	2.8	2.8	2.8
Interprovincial migrants	660	330	330	0.8	0.8	0.7
External migrants	1,205	640	565	1.4	1.5	1.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	83,585	40,570	43,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	53,190	25,800	27,385	63.6	63.6	63.7
Movers	30,390	14,770	15,620	36.4	36.4	36.3
Non-migrants	9,730	4,685	5,040	11.6	11.5	11.7
Migrants	20,660	10,080	10,580	24.7	24.8	24.6
Internal migrants	15,175	7,485	7,690	18.2	18.4	17.9
Intraprovincial migrants	12,985	6,390	6,595	15.5	15.8	15.3
Interprovincial migrants	2,190	1,095	1,100	2.6	2.7	2.6
External migrants	5,480	2,595	2,885	6.6	6.4	6.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,815	34,985	37,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,230	3,195	3,035	8.6	9.1	8.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	66,590	31,790	34,800	91.5	90.9	92.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,125	21,920	24,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,250	740	510	2.7	3.4	2.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	44,880	21,180	23,695	97.3	96.6	97.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,820	34,985	37,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,590	2,820	2,770	7.7	8.1	7.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,960	8,195	8,765	23.3	23.4	23.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,270	23,970	26,300	69.0	68.5	69.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,205	8,970	9,235	25.0	25.6	24.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,850	2,810	1,040	5.3	8.0	2.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,640	965	670	2.3	2.8	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,210	1,840	365	3.0	5.3	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,180	4,815	6,375	15.4	13.8	16.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,175	1,350	1,820	4.4	3.9	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	32,065	14,995	17,065	44.0	42.9	45.1
Bachelor's degree	19,900	9,185	10,715	27.3	26.3	28.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,355	920	1,435	3.2	2.6	3.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,110	545	565	1.5	1.6	1.5
Master's degree	7,470	3,645	3,825	10.3	10.4	10.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,230	705	525	1.7	2.0	1.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,125	21,920	24,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	950	570	385	2.1	2.6	1.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,855	3,995	3,860	17.0	18.2	15.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,315	17,360	19,960	80.9	79.2	82.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,405	6,155	6,245	26.9	28.1	25.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,395	1,795	595	5.2	8.2	2.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,040	650	395	2.3	3.0	1.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,350	1,150	200	2.9	5.2	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,825	3,455	4,370	17.0	15.8	18.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,190	910	1,285	4.7	4.2	5.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,915	11,200	13,710	54.0	51.1	56.6
Bachelor's degree	15,530	6,920	8,610	33.7	31.6	35.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,650	620	1,030	3.6	2.8	4.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	850	400	450	1.8	1.8	1.9
Master's degree	5,995	2,820	3,180	13.0	12.9	13.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	885	445	440	1.9	2.0	1.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	72,820	34,985	37,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,550	11,015	11,535	31.0	31.5	30.5
Education	3,545	695	2,850	4.9	2.0	7.5
13. Education	3,545	695	2,850	4.9	2.0	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,015	1,295	1,715	4.1	3.7	4.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	340	280	60	0.5	0.8	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	2,670	1,020	1,655	3.7	2.9	4.4
Humanities	3,050	975	2,075	4.2	2.8	5.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	440	100	340	0.6	0.3	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	915	190	725	1.3	0.5	1.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	835	330	505	1.1	0.9	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	395	170	230	0.5	0.5	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	145	20	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,215	2,665	4,545	9.9	7.6	12.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	865	305	560	1.2	0.9	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	670	45	630	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,620	645	975	2.2	1.8	2.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	190	60	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	1,245	250	995	1.7	0.7	2.6
45. Social sciences	2,545	1,355	1,190	3.5	3.9	3.1
Business, management and public administration	11,280	5,685	5,595	15.5	16.2	14.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	325	80	240	0.4	0.2	0.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,935	5,590	5,345	15.0	16.0	14.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,820	1,435	1,380	3.9	4.1	3.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,085	430	655	1.5	1.2	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	620	305	320	0.9	0.9	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	965	660	310	1.3	1.9	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,080	1,350	730	2.9	3.9	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,555	1,090	460	2.1	3.1	1.2
25. Library science	95	10	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	350	195	155	0.5	0.6	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,475	7,155	1,325	11.6	20.5	3.5
04. Architecture and related services	735	415	320	1.0	1.2	0.8
14. Engineering	3,870	3,145	725	5.3	9.0	1.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,445	1,250	195	2.0	3.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,170	1,135	35	1.6	3.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	850	830	20	1.2	2.4	0.1
48. Precision production	410	375	35	0.6	1.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	855	485	370	1.2	1.4	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	405	195	215	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	450	290	160	0.6	0.8	0.4
Health and related fields	6,460	1,450	5,010	8.9	4.1	13.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	805	325	480	1.1	0.9	1.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,235	915	4,325	7.2	2.6	11.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	395	205	185	0.5	0.6	0.5
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,465	765	700	2.0	2.2	1.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	940	320	620	1.3	0.9	1.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	155	130	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	360	315	45	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,125	21,920	24,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,805	4,560	4,240	19.1	20.8	17.5
Education	2,175	390	1,785	4.7	1.8	7.4
13. Education	2,175	390	1,785	4.7	1.8	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,285	965	1,320	5.0	4.4	5.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	235	180	55	0.5	0.8	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	2,050	785	1,265	4.4	3.6	5.2
Humanities	2,255	730	1,525	4.9	3.3	6.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	315	65	250	0.7	0.3	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	630	120	505	1.4	0.5	2.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	640	265	375	1.4	1.2	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135	75	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	55	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	305	115	190	0.7	0.5	0.8
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	10	95	0.2	0.0	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,675	1,995	3,680	12.3	9.1	15.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	710	225	485	1.5	1.0	2.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	515	30	485	1.1	0.1	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,275	455	820	2.8	2.1	3.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	50	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	970	170	805	2.1	0.8	3.3
45. Social sciences	2,000	1,060	940	4.3	4.8	3.9
Business, management and public administration	8,760	4,300	4,460	19.0	19.6	18.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	230	50	180	0.5	0.2	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,515	4,245	4,270	18.5	19.4	17.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,005	940	1,065	4.3	4.3	4.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	795	310	485	1.7	1.4	2.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	450	215	235	1.0	1.0	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	675	405	270	1.5	1.8	1.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,650	1,050	605	3.6	4.8	2.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,345	940	405	2.9	4.3	1.7
25. Library science	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	205	75	130	0.4	0.3	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,080	4,950	1,130	13.2	22.6	4.7
04. Architecture and related services	595	300	295	1.3	1.4	1.2
14. Engineering	2,945	2,300	650	6.4	10.5	2.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	980	840	140	2.1	3.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	850	820	30	1.8	3.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	485	470	0	1.1	2.1	0.0
48. Precision production	235	225	10	0.5	1.0	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	720	405	315	1.6	1.8	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	325	150	175	0.7	0.7	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	390	250	140	0.8	1.1	0.6
Health and related fields	4,665	1,090	3,580	10.1	5.0	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	625	250	375	1.4	1.1	1.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,735	685	3,050	8.1	3.1	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	295	150	145	0.6	0.7	0.6
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,020	540	480	2.2	2.5	2.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	650	225	430	1.4	1.0	1.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	125	110	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	240	205	30	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	46,125	21,920	24,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,805	4,560	4,240	19.1	20.8	17.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	37,320	17,355	19,960	80.9	79.2	82.5
Location of study inside Canada	26,015	12,335	13,685	56.4	56.3	56.5
Same as province or territory of residence	20,080	9,425	10,655	43.5	43.0	44.0
Different than province or territory of residence	5,935	2,915	3,030	12.9	13.3	12.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	11,300	5,020	6,280	24.5	22.9	25.9
Americas	2,310	1,055	1,250	5.0	4.8	5.2
United States of America	1,595	775	825	3.5	3.5	3.4
Mexico	255	120	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	220	100	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombia	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peru	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	105	35	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Europe	2,915	1,465	1,450	6.3	6.7	6.0
Belgium	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	195	115	80	0.4	0.5	0.3
Germany	125	75	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Netherlands	100	60	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Switzerland	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	75	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romania	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	180	75	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ukraine	80	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	115	55	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,520	785	735	3.3	3.6	3.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	305	130	175	0.7	0.6	0.7
Africa	430	230	195	0.9	1.0	0.8
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	385	210	180	0.8	1.0	0.7
Other locations of study in Africa	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	5,245	2,045	3,200	11.4	9.3	13.2
Iran⁸⁸	2,525	1,105	1,415	5.5	5.0	5.8
Iraq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
China⁹⁰	750	260	485	1.6	1.2	2.0
Taiwan	80	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	100	60	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Japan	180	50	130	0.4	0.2	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	495	150	345	1.1	0.7	1.4
Philippines	710	210	495	1.5	1.0	2.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	175	100	75	0.4	0.5	0.3
Pakistan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	405	225	180	0.9	1.0	0.7
Australia	305	165	140	0.7	0.8	0.6
New Zealand	100	60	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	72,820	34,985	37,830	...	...	...
In the labour force	48,010	24,630	23,375	...	...	...
Employed	44,490	22,910	21,585	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,515	1,720	1,795	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	24,810	10,355	14,460	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.9	70.4	61.8	65.9	70.4	61.8
Employment rate	61.1	65.5	57.1	61.1	65.5	57.1
Unemployment rate	7.3	7.0	7.7	7.3	7.0	7.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	72,820	34,985	37,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	24,290	10,035	14,260	33.4	28.7	37.7
Worked	48,530	24,950	23,575	66.6	71.3	62.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,925	14,485	10,440	34.2	41.4	27.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	23,605	10,465	13,140	32.4	29.9	34.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8	42.0	39.6	40.8	42.0	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	48,005	24,635	23,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	870	400	470	1.8	1.6	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	47,135	24,235	22,905	98.2	98.4	98.0
Employee	36,475	17,890	18,580	76.0	72.6	79.5
Permanent position	29,855	14,925	14,925	62.2	60.6	63.9
Temporary position	6,620	2,965	3,655	13.8	12.0	15.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,990	820	1,170	4.1	3.3	5.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,625	2,145	2,480	9.6	8.7	10.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,665	6,340	4,320	22.2	25.7	18.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	48,005	24,635	23,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	870	400	470	1.8	1.6	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	47,135	24,235	22,905	98.2	98.4	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,570	1,150	415	3.3	4.7	1.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,125	3,665	6,460	21.1	14.9	27.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,015	3,760	1,260	10.4	15.3	5.4
3 Health occupations	3,615	955	2,660	7.5	3.9	11.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,695	2,245	4,455	13.9	9.1	19.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,300	1,545	1,755	6.9	6.3	7.5
6 Sales and service occupations	10,270	5,155	5,115	21.4	20.9	21.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,250	4,730	520	10.9	19.2	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	655	520	135	1.4	2.1	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	635	510	125	1.3	2.1	0.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	48,005	24,635	23,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	870	400	470	1.8	1.6	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	47,135	24,235	22,905	98.2	98.4	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	225	125	100	0.5	0.5	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	295	210	80	0.6	0.9	0.3
22 Utilities	320	220	95	0.7	0.9	0.4
23 Construction	3,350	2,845	510	7.0	11.5	2.2
31-33 Manufacturing	1,600	1,140	465	3.3	4.6	2.0
41 Wholesale trade	1,590	1,065	525	3.3	4.3	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	4,590	2,305	2,290	9.6	9.4	9.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,580	1,180	400	3.3	4.8	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	2,140	1,260	885	4.5	5.1	3.8
52 Finance and insurance	2,685	1,345	1,340	5.6	5.5	5.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,495	860	635	3.1	3.5	2.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,730	4,440	3,295	16.1	18.0	14.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	205	75	125	0.4	0.3	0.5
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,620	965	660	3.4	3.9	2.8
61 Educational services	4,190	1,295	2,890	8.7	5.3	12.4
62 Health care and social assistance	5,340	1,205	4,130	11.1	4.9	17.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,745	875	865	3.6	3.6	3.7
72 Accommodation and food services	2,500	1,165	1,335	5.2	4.7	5.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,805	620	1,185	3.8	2.5	5.1
91 Public administration	2,120	1,030	1,085	4.4	4.2	4.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	51,935	26,560	25,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	48,735	24,985	23,745	93.8	94.1	93.6
French	80	0	80	0.2	0.0	0.3
Non-official language	425	225	205	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	425	225	205	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	510	210	305	1.0	0.8	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,095	1,095	1,000	4.0	4.1	3.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	51,935	26,560	25,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	51,525	26,345	25,180	99.2	99.2	99.2
Official languages	50,515	25,805	24,710	97.3	97.2	97.4
English	50,325	25,790	24,535	96.9	97.1	96.7
French	190	15	170	0.4	0.1	0.7
Non-official languages	1,010	535	470	1.9	2.0	1.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,010	535	470	1.9	2.0	1.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	465	240	220	0.9	0.9	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
German	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	295	155	140	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	290	155	135	0.6	0.6	0.5
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	290	155	135	0.6	0.6	0.5
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	270	140	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	130	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	360	210	150	0.7	0.8	0.6
Chinese languages	355	205	150	0.7	0.8	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	280	155	125	0.5	0.6	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	410	210	200	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	330	175	155	0.6	0.7	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	51,935	26,560	25,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	49,630	25,405	24,225	95.6	95.7	95.4
English	615	275	335	1.2	1.0	1.3
French	335	160	175	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	1,150	645	500	2.2	2.4	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,150	645	500	2.2	2.4	2.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	105	15	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	44,490	22,910	21,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	15,400	7,700	7,700	34.6	33.6	35.7
Worked outside Canada	180	105	75	0.4	0.5	0.3
No fixed workplace address	4,680	3,470	1,215	10.5	15.1	5.6
Usual place of work	24,225	11,635	12,590	54.5	50.8	58.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	24,225	11,635	12,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,600	3,220	4,385	31.4	27.7	34.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	16,305	8,200	8,100	67.3	70.5	64.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	215	140	75	0.9	1.2	0.6
Commute to a different province or territory	115	75	35	0.5	0.6	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	28,910	15,105	13,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	23,180	12,445	10,735	80.2	82.4	77.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	21,185	11,760	9,425	73.3	77.9	68.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,000	685	1,310	6.9	4.5	9.5
Public transit	2,655	1,180	1,475	9.2	7.8	10.7
Walked	1,660	665	1,000	5.7	4.4	7.2
Bicycle	640	440	200	2.2	2.9	1.4
Other method	775	375	400	2.7	2.5	2.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	28,910	15,105	13,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,740	3,400	4,335	26.8	22.5	31.4
15 to 29 minutes	11,860	6,145	5,720	41.0	40.7	41.4
30 to 44 minutes	6,245	3,765	2,480	21.6	24.9	18.0
45 to 59 minutes	1,910	1,100	810	6.6	7.3	5.9
60 minutes and over	1,160	700	460	4.0	4.6	3.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	28,910	15,105	13,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,105	850	255	3.8	5.6	1.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,970	2,625	1,345	13.7	17.4	9.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,700	4,100	3,600	26.6	27.1	26.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,425	3,405	4,020	25.7	22.5	29.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,215	2,360	2,855	18.0	15.6	20.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,495	1,770	1,725	12.1	11.7	12.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,415	9,535	8,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,665	810	860	9.0	8.5	9.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,750	8,730	8,020	91.0	91.6	90.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,305	7,385	6,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,290	610	685	9.0	8.3	9.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	760	355	400	5.3	4.8	5.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	535	250	285	3.7	3.4	4.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,015	6,780	6,240	91.0	91.8	90.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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