Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Port Coquitlam, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	61,498	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	58,612	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.9	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	23,671	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	22,884	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,108.7	...	...	2,108.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	29.16	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	61,500	30,310	31,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	9,625	4,940	4,685	15.7	16.3	15.0
0 to 4 years	2,950	1,450	1,500	4.8	4.8	4.8
5 to 9 years	3,245	1,695	1,545	5.3	5.6	5.0
10 to 14 years	3,430	1,800	1,630	5.6	5.9	5.2
15 to 64 years	42,215	20,945	21,265	68.6	69.1	68.2
15 to 19 years	3,470	1,800	1,670	5.6	5.9	5.4
20 to 24 years	3,550	1,865	1,685	5.8	6.2	5.4
25 to 29 years	3,740	1,970	1,775	6.1	6.5	5.7
30 to 34 years	4,270	2,160	2,110	6.9	7.1	6.8
35 to 39 years	4,600	2,245	2,350	7.5	7.4	7.5
40 to 44 years	4,455	2,135	2,325	7.2	7.0	7.5
45 to 49 years	4,250	2,035	2,215	6.9	6.7	7.1
50 to 54 years	4,640	2,255	2,390	7.5	7.4	7.7
55 to 59 years	4,935	2,365	2,565	8.0	7.8	8.2
60 to 64 years	4,310	2,125	2,185	7.0	7.0	7.0
65 years and over	9,660	4,425	5,235	15.7	14.6	16.8
65 to 69 years	3,345	1,605	1,745	5.4	5.3	5.6
70 to 74 years	2,490	1,210	1,285	4.0	4.0	4.1
75 to 79 years	1,615	740	875	2.6	2.4	2.8
80 to 84 years	1,095	455	635	1.8	1.5	2.0
85 years and over	1,115	415	700	1.8	1.4	2.2
85 to 89 years	690	290	405	1.1	1.0	1.3
90 to 94 years	330	105	225	0.5	0.3	0.7
95 to 99 years	75	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	10	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.7	16.3	15.0	15.7	16.3	15.0
15 to 64 years	68.6	69.1	68.2	68.6	69.1	68.2
65 years and over	15.7	14.6	16.8	15.7	14.6	16.8
85 years and over	1.8	1.4	2.2	1.8	1.4	2.2
Average age of the population	41.3	40.3	42.2	41.3	40.3	42.2
Median age of the population	41.6	40.4	42.8	41.6	40.4	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	22,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	8,390	...	...	36.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	855	...	...	3.7	...	...
Row house	3,690	...	...	16.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,470	...	...	15.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,075	...	...	26.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	405	...	...	1.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	22,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,195	...	...	22.7	...	...
2 persons	7,255	...	...	31.7	...	...
3 persons	4,295	...	...	18.8	...	...
4 persons	4,065	...	...	17.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,070	...	...	9.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	60,390	29,680	30,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	51,875	25,370	26,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	30,770	15,325	15,445	59.3	60.4	58.3
Married	26,290	13,100	13,190	50.7	51.6	49.8
Living common-law	4,480	2,225	2,255	8.6	8.8	8.5
Living common law - Never married	3,290	1,665	1,620	6.3	6.6	6.1
Living common law - Separated	205	105	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	915	435	480	1.8	1.7	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	75	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	21,100	10,040	11,060	40.7	39.6	41.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	14,245	7,855	6,385	27.5	31.0	24.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,335	530	810	2.6	2.1	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,170	1,185	1,985	6.1	4.7	7.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,355	470	1,885	4.5	1.9	7.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	17,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	8,185	...	...	46.1	...	...
3 persons	4,375	...	...	24.6	...	...
4 persons	4,090	...	...	23.0	...	...
5 or more persons	1,115	...	...	6.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	17,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	15,010	...	...	84.5	...	...
Married couples	12,770	...	...	71.9	...	...
With children⁶	7,815	...	...	44.0	...	...
Without children	4,950	...	...	27.9	...	...
Common-law couples	2,240	...	...	12.6	...	...
With children⁶	755	...	...	4.2	...	...
Without children	1,485	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,760	...	...	15.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,135	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	630	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	60,395	29,680	30,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	51,720	25,635	26,090	85.6	86.4	85.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	30,020	14,965	15,055	49.7	50.4	49.0
Parents in one-parent families	2,760	625	2,130	4.6	2.1	6.9
Children⁶	18,940	10,040	8,900	31.4	33.8	29.0
In a two-parent family	14,935	7,890	7,045	24.7	26.6	22.9
In a one-parent family	4,005	2,155	1,855	6.6	7.3	6.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	8,670	4,050	4,625	14.4	13.6	15.1
Living alone	5,200	2,350	2,850	8.6	7.9	9.3
Living with other relatives⁷	1,520	585	935	2.5	2.0	3.0
Living with non-relatives only	1,955	1,115	845	3.2	3.8	2.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	22,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	14,795	...	...	64.6	...	...
Couple-family households	12,700	...	...	55.5	...	...
With children⁶	7,335	...	...	32.1	...	...
Without children	5,370	...	...	23.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,090	...	...	9.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	950	...	...	4.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	280	...	...	1.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	945	...	...	4.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	720	...	...	3.1	...	...
One-person households	5,195	...	...	22.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	50,770	24,740	26,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,085	23,910	25,180	96.7	96.6	96.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	52,400	38,800	44,800	52,400	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,105	23,920	25,180	96.7	96.7	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,800	35,600	40,400	46,800	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,595	22,130	22,465	87.8	89.5	86.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	50,800	32,000	40,800	50,800	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,240	18,945	18,295	73.4	76.6	70.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	54,400	37,600	45,200	54,400	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,570	17,800	21,770	77.9	71.9	83.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	7,200	9,200	8,400	7,200	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,465	1,865	2,600	8.8	7.5	10.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,120	5,800	5,480	5,120	5,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,330	6,230	7,095	26.3	25.2	27.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	50,770	24,795	25,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,985	23,900	25,085	96.5	96.4	96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,150	63,350	45,440	54,150	63,350	45,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,000	23,900	25,095	96.5	96.4	96.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,240	52,950	39,840	46,240	52,950	39,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,605	22,150	22,460	87.9	89.3	86.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	60,750	40,200	50,400	60,750	40,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,240	19,010	18,225	73.4	76.7	70.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,450	62,050	42,440	52,450	62,050	42,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,395	17,605	21,790	77.6	71.0	83.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,300	9,580	10,870	10,300	9,580	10,870
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,500	1,910	2,590	8.9	7.7	10.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,680	5,850	7,290	6,680	5,850	7,290
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,105	6,050	7,055	25.8	24.4	27.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,030	8,790	9,250	9,030	8,790	9,250
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	50,765	24,790	25,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,140	10,815	8,325	37.7	43.6	32.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,500	76,500	59,600	68,500	76,500	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,800	85,400	65,500	76,800	85,400	65,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,685	6,085	7,600	27.0	24.5	29.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	23,200	16,800	19,000	23,200	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,000	34,320	24,740	29,000	34,320	24,740
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.8	88.8	79.2	84.8	88.8	79.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.6	78.0	67.8	73.6	78.0	67.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.3	11.1	20.8	15.3	11.1	20.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.7	1.1	0.7	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.2	7.2	5.5	4.2	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.5	5.7	4.5	3.5	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	50,770	24,740	26,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,680	825	850	3.3	3.3	3.3
With total income	49,090	23,910	25,175	96.7	96.6	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,610	1,900	2,705	9.4	7.9	10.7
$10,000 to $19,999	5,180	2,155	3,030	10.6	9.0	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	6,665	2,640	4,025	13.6	11.0	16.0
$30,000 to $39,999	5,635	2,400	3,235	11.5	10.0	12.9
$40,000 to $49,999	5,240	2,250	2,985	10.7	9.4	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	4,740	2,195	2,545	9.7	9.2	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	3,885	1,990	1,900	7.9	8.3	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,065	1,780	1,285	6.2	7.4	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,460	1,485	975	5.0	6.2	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,965	1,165	800	4.0	4.9	3.2
$100,000 and over	5,645	3,955	1,690	11.5	16.5	6.7
$100,000 to $149,999	4,105	2,765	1,345	8.4	11.6	5.3
$150,000 and over	1,535	1,195	340	3.1	5.0	1.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	50,770	24,740	26,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,665	820	845	3.3	3.3	3.2
With after-tax income	49,105	23,920	25,185	96.7	96.7	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,725	1,940	2,785	9.6	8.1	11.1
$10,000 to $19,999	5,375	2,240	3,135	10.9	9.4	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	7,505	3,000	4,505	15.3	12.5	17.9
$30,000 to $39,999	6,680	2,890	3,790	13.6	12.1	15.0
$40,000 to $49,999	6,370	2,860	3,510	13.0	12.0	13.9
$50,000 to $59,999	5,165	2,615	2,550	10.5	10.9	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	3,980	2,300	1,680	8.1	9.6	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,950	1,740	1,210	6.0	7.3	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,195	1,340	850	4.5	5.6	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,370	920	445	2.8	3.8	1.8
$100,000 and over	2,790	2,075	720	5.7	8.7	2.9
$100,000 to $124,999	1,620	1,145	470	3.3	4.8	1.9
$125,000 and over	1,175	925	255	2.4	3.9	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	50,770	24,740	26,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	13,530	5,795	7,730	26.6	23.4	29.7
With employment income	37,240	18,945	18,295	73.4	76.6	70.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,445	2,015	2,435	11.9	10.6	13.3
$5,000 to $9,999	2,700	1,110	1,595	7.3	5.9	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	3,765	1,585	2,180	10.1	8.4	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	2,995	1,280	1,715	8.0	6.8	9.4
$30,000 to $39,999	3,025	1,305	1,725	8.1	6.9	9.4
$40,000 to $49,999	3,275	1,445	1,835	8.8	7.6	10.0
$50,000 to $59,999	3,430	1,615	1,815	9.2	8.5	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	2,855	1,545	1,310	7.7	8.2	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,425	1,445	975	6.5	7.6	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,015	1,230	780	5.4	6.5	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,670	1,025	645	4.5	5.4	3.5
$100,000 and over	4,625	3,345	1,285	12.4	17.7	7.0
$100,000 to $124,999	2,410	1,610	800	6.5	8.5	4.4
$125,000 and over	2,215	1,730	480	5.9	9.1	2.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	50,770	24,740	26,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,720	23,200	24,525	94.0	93.8	94.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	52,400	36,000	43,200	52,400	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,830	23,225	24,605	94.2	93.9	94.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	45,600	32,800	38,400	45,600	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,145	21,815	22,325	87.0	88.2	85.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	52,000	33,600	41,600	52,000	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	38,070	19,190	18,885	75.0	77.6	72.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	54,000	36,400	44,400	54,000	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,630	12,475	18,150	60.3	50.4	69.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,200	2,580	5,000	4,200	2,580	5,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,955	1,175	1,780	5.8	4.7	6.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,160	4,160	6,080	5,160	4,160	6,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	50,770	24,795	25,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,750	23,300	24,450	94.1	94.0	94.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,000	61,900	42,600	52,000	61,900	42,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,840	23,315	24,530	94.2	94.0	94.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,720	50,920	36,880	43,720	50,920	36,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	44,305	21,995	22,310	87.3	88.7	85.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,840	61,450	40,400	50,840	61,450	40,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,170	19,395	18,770	75.2	78.2	72.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,600	61,250	41,640	51,600	61,250	41,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,345	12,215	18,130	59.8	49.3	69.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,630	7,470	7,730	7,630	7,470	7,730
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,835	1,165	1,670	5.6	4.7	6.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,290	5,990	8,210	7,290	5,990	8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	50,765	24,790	25,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,070	10,770	8,295	37.6	43.4	31.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	73,500	56,400	65,000	73,500	56,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,100	80,800	60,650	72,100	80,800	60,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	12,955	5,780	7,180	25.5	23.3	27.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	31,200	24,400	27,000	31,200	24,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,040	42,560	30,760	36,040	42,560	30,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.6	93.6	86.6	90.6	93.6	86.6
Employment income (%)	79.4	82.4	75.0	79.4	82.4	75.0
Government transfers (%)	9.3	6.3	13.5	9.3	6.3	13.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.3	0.8	0.5	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	22,880	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,195	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,400	...	...	50,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	44,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	17,685	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	22,880	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	57,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,160	...	...	49,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	17,695	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,600	...	...	113,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	22,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	205	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	90	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	125	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	315	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	585	...	...	2.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	510	...	...	2.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	525	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	615	...	...	2.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	620	...	...	2.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	695	...	...	3.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,415	...	...	6.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,465	...	...	6.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,370	...	...	6.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,325	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,335	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,685	...	...	51.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,070	...	...	13.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,535	...	...	11.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,365	...	...	14.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,710	...	...	11.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	22,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	230	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	100	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	125	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	340	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	600	...	...	2.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	570	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	630	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	700	...	...	3.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	730	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	895	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,700	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,650	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,670	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,595	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,510	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,830	...	...	43.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,430	...	...	15.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,475	...	...	10.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,930	...	...	17.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,270	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,600	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,525	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	7,150	3,460	3,690	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400	50,800	42,400	46,400	50,800	42,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	44,800	38,800	41,600	44,800	38,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,295	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,400	...	...	131,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,200	...	...	112,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,700	...	...	111,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,560	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	158,000	...	...	158,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,530	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,900	...	...	85,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,100	...	...	76,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	7,090	3,515	3,580	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,550	59,250	48,000	53,550	59,250	48,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	50,000	42,080	46,000	50,000	42,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	60,390	29,680	30,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	11,705	6,015	5,690	19.4	20.3	18.5
0 to 5 years	3,605	1,785	1,825	6.0	6.0	5.9
18 to 64 years	39,685	19,455	20,230	65.7	65.5	65.9
65 years and over	9,005	4,215	4,795	14.9	14.2	15.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,465	2,030	2,435	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	990	535	455	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	275	125	145	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,390	1,100	1,295	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,085	395	685	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.4	6.8	7.9	7.4	6.8	7.9
0 to 17 years (%)	8.5	8.9	8.0	8.5	8.9	8.0
0 to 5 years (%)	7.7	7.2	8.2	7.7	7.2	8.2
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	5.6	6.4	6.0	5.6	6.4
65 years and over (%)	12.0	9.4	14.3	12.0	9.4	14.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	60,395	29,680	30,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	11,700	6,010	5,685	19.4	20.2	18.5
0 to 5 years	3,610	1,780	1,825	6.0	6.0	5.9
18 to 64 years	39,680	19,455	20,230	65.7	65.5	65.9
65 years and over	9,005	4,210	4,795	14.9	14.2	15.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,770	1,355	1,420	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	525	285	245	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	140	65	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,805	895	905	...	...	...
65 years and over	440	175	265	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6
0 to 17 years (%)	4.5	4.7	4.3	4.5	4.7	4.3
0 to 5 years (%)	3.9	3.6	4.0	3.9	3.6	4.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.6	4.6	4.5
65 years and over (%)	4.9	4.1	5.6	4.9	4.1	5.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	60,390	29,680	30,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	23,550	11,210	12,345	39.0	37.8	40.2
In bottom decile	4,100	1,925	2,175	6.8	6.5	7.1
In second decile	4,175	1,920	2,260	6.9	6.5	7.4
In third decile	4,705	2,240	2,470	7.8	7.5	8.0
In fourth decile	4,880	2,340	2,535	8.1	7.9	8.3
In fifth decile	5,695	2,795	2,905	9.4	9.4	9.5
In top half of the distribution	36,835	18,470	18,365	61.0	62.2	59.8
In sixth decile	6,410	3,160	3,250	10.6	10.6	10.6
In seventh decile	7,050	3,540	3,510	11.7	11.9	11.4
In eighth decile	7,860	3,885	3,975	13.0	13.1	12.9
In ninth decile	8,560	4,360	4,195	14.2	14.7	13.7
In top decile	6,955	3,520	3,435	11.5	11.9	11.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	60,395	...	...	60,395	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.287	...	...	0.287	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.375	...	...	0.375	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.258	...	...	0.258	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	60,645	29,745	30,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	54,935	27,300	27,640	90.6	91.8	89.4
French only	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	3,980	1,750	2,235	6.6	5.9	7.2
Neither English nor French	1,680	680	1,000	2.8	2.3	3.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	60,645	29,745	30,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	58,000	28,585	29,420	95.6	96.1	95.2
French	635	325	305	1.0	1.1	1.0
English and French	365	170	195	0.6	0.6	0.6
Neither English nor French	1,650	665	980	2.7	2.2	3.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	60,645	29,745	30,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,970	28,465	29,505	95.6	95.7	95.5
Official languages	38,410	19,305	19,105	63.3	64.9	61.8
English	37,840	19,010	18,835	62.4	63.9	61.0
French	565	295	275	0.9	1.0	0.9
Non-official languages	19,555	9,160	10,400	32.2	30.8	33.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	19,560	9,160	10,395	32.3	30.8	33.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	610	315	295	1.0	1.1	1.0
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	595	305	285	1.0	1.0	0.9
Amharic	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Arabic	490	240	250	0.8	0.8	0.8
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	25	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	385	155	230	0.6	0.5	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	330	140	195	0.5	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,785	725	1,060	2.9	2.4	3.4
Bikol	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	75	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,435	590	845	2.4	2.0	2.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	150	80	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	85	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Telugu	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,230	4,465	4,770	15.2	15.0	15.4
Albanian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,330	1,110	1,215	3.8	3.7	3.9
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,305	1,100	1,210	3.8	3.7	3.9
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	100	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	625	280	345	1.0	0.9	1.1
Russian	935	455	485	1.5	1.5	1.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	310	150	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bosnian	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	615	300	320	1.0	1.0	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	370	170	195	0.6	0.6	0.6
German	355	165	185	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	180	80	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Danish	25	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,800	1,855	1,940	6.3	6.2	6.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,765	825	935	2.9	2.8	3.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	185	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	320	140	180	0.5	0.5	0.6
Kacchi	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	960	455	505	1.6	1.5	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	130	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	2,035	1,030	1,010	3.4	3.5	3.3
Baluchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	170	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Parsi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,840	925	915	3.0	3.1	3.0
Dari	290	145	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian Persian	1,335	670	665	2.2	2.3	2.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	215	110	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,375	1,145	1,230	3.9	3.8	4.0
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	355	185	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portuguese	425	200	225	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	480	235	245	0.8	0.8	0.8
Spanish	1,110	520	595	1.8	1.7	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	295	90	200	0.5	0.3	0.6
Korean	1,565	760	805	2.6	2.6	2.6
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	20	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,000	2,340	2,660	8.2	7.9	8.6
Chinese languages	4,985	2,335	2,645	8.2	7.9	8.6
Hakka	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	2,075	935	1,135	3.4	3.1	3.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	110	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,705	1,295	1,405	4.5	4.4	4.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	210	90	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,685	1,285	1,395	4.4	4.3	4.5
English and French	215	105	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	2,120	1,015	1,105	3.5	3.4	3.6
French and non-official language(s)	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	220	110	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	60,645	29,745	30,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	40,005	19,970	20,035	66.0	67.1	64.8
French	135	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Non-official language	5,990	2,820	3,170	9.9	9.5	10.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,990	2,820	3,170	9.9	9.5	10.3
English and French	535	250	280	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	13,100	6,225	6,875	21.6	20.9	22.2
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	395	185	210	0.7	0.6	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	440	200	240	0.7	0.7	0.8
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	60,645	29,745	30,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,775	28,355	29,420	95.3	95.3	95.2
Official languages	46,215	22,835	23,380	76.2	76.8	75.7
English	45,985	22,715	23,275	75.8	76.4	75.3
French	230	120	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Non-official languages	11,560	5,520	6,035	19.1	18.6	19.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,555	5,515	6,035	19.1	18.5	19.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	380	190	190	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	375	190	190	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	325	160	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	215	85	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	190	75	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	905	405	495	1.5	1.4	1.6
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	775	345	425	1.3	1.2	1.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,875	2,355	2,520	8.0	7.9	8.2
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,310	630	685	2.2	2.1	2.2
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,305	625	675	2.2	2.1	2.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	315	140	175	0.5	0.5	0.6
Russian	715	350	360	1.2	1.2	1.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	115	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
German	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,385	1,155	1,225	3.9	3.9	4.0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,025	480	540	1.7	1.6	1.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	135	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	630	305	320	1.0	1.0	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	95	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,360	675	685	2.2	2.3	2.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	105	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,235	615	625	2.0	2.1	2.0
Dari	185	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	910	455	460	1.5	1.5	1.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	140	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,085	520	565	1.8	1.7	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	240	115	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	240	115	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	555	265	290	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	145	55	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	1,275	645	635	2.1	2.2	2.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,510	1,660	1,855	5.8	5.6	6.0
Chinese languages	3,505	1,660	1,850	5.8	5.6	6.0
Hakka	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,590	750	840	2.6	2.5	2.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,855	875	980	3.1	2.9	3.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,870	1,395	1,480	4.7	4.7	4.8
English and French	125	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,640	1,280	1,365	4.4	4.3	4.4
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	60,645	29,745	30,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	48,520	24,015	24,500	80.0	80.7	79.3
English	4,690	2,290	2,400	7.7	7.7	7.8
French	440	200	240	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	5,595	2,580	3,015	9.2	8.7	9.8
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,590	2,585	3,010	9.2	8.7	9.7
English and French	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	510	265	250	0.8	0.9	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	220	105	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	605	265	335	1.0	0.9	1.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	60,390	29,685	30,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	58,815	29,060	29,760	97.4	97.9	96.9
English	58,755	29,035	29,725	97.3	97.8	96.8
French	4,090	1,755	2,340	6.8	5.9	7.6
Non-official languages	24,385	11,400	12,980	40.4	38.4	42.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,360	11,390	12,970	40.3	38.4	42.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	930	465	465	1.5	1.6	1.5
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	920	460	460	1.5	1.5	1.5
Amharic	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	670	325	350	1.1	1.1	1.1
Aramaic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	135	80	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	435	170	265	0.7	0.6	0.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	405	165	240	0.7	0.6	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,490	1,025	1,465	4.1	3.5	4.8
Bikol	70	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cebuano	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	145	40	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
Indonesian	175	80	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,185	885	1,300	3.6	3.0	4.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	75	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Creole languages	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	175	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	100	70	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Telugu	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,050	5,740	6,310	20.0	19.3	20.5
Albanian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,955	1,420	1,545	4.9	4.8	5.0
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,955	1,410	1,535	4.9	4.7	5.0
Belarusian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	100	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Czech	220	105	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	750	330	420	1.2	1.1	1.4
Russian	1,430	705	730	2.4	2.4	2.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	445	215	225	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bosnian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	285	130	145	0.5	0.4	0.5
Serbian	190	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	205	85	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,005	445	560	1.7	1.5	1.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	670	280	385	1.1	0.9	1.3
German	660	280	380	1.1	0.9	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	260	130	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	120	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	4,935	2,415	2,525	8.2	8.1	8.2
Indo-Aryan languages	2,610	1,205	1,405	4.3	4.1	4.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	295	140	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hindi	1,005	490	525	1.7	1.7	1.7
Kacchi	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Marathi	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,440	665	780	2.4	2.2	2.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	300	130	170	0.5	0.4	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	2,410	1,240	1,170	4.0	4.2	3.8
Baluchi	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	160	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	2,285	1,175	1,110	3.8	4.0	3.6
Dari	405	185	225	0.7	0.6	0.7
Iranian Persian	1,680	905	780	2.8	3.0	2.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	235	120	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,325	1,515	1,810	5.5	5.1	5.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	555	240	315	0.9	0.8	1.0
Portuguese	555	245	310	0.9	0.8	1.0
Romanian	585	285	300	1.0	1.0	1.0
Spanish	1,875	840	1,035	3.1	2.8	3.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	685	315	370	1.1	1.1	1.2
Korean	1,820	855	960	3.0	2.9	3.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	275	115	155	0.5	0.4	0.5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	80	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lingala	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	150	75	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
American Sign Language	125	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,805	2,765	3,045	9.6	9.3	9.9
Chinese languages	5,775	2,745	3,030	9.6	9.2	9.9
Hakka	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mandarin	3,470	1,625	1,840	5.7	5.5	6.0
Min Dong	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	290	140	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Wu (Shanghainese)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	3,270	1,595	1,680	5.4	5.4	5.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	220	110	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Azerbaijani	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	180	95	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	275	135	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	205	100	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	60,390	29,680	30,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,795	915	875	3.0	3.1	2.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,735	885	850	2.9	3.0	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	845	440	410	1.4	1.5	1.3
Métis	865	445	425	1.4	1.5	1.4
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	58,600	28,765	29,830	97.0	96.9	97.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	60,390	29,680	30,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	490	230	255	0.8	0.8	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	59,900	29,445	30,455	99.2	99.2	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	22,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	17,645	...	...	77.1	...	...
Renter	5,235	...	...	22.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	22,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,420	...	...	28.1	...	...
Not condominium	16,465	...	...	72.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	22,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	100	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	3,110	...	...	13.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,745	...	...	25.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,965	...	...	30.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	6,960	...	...	30.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	22,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,855	...	...	34.3	...	...
5 rooms	3,245	...	...	14.2	...	...
6 rooms	2,880	...	...	12.6	...	...
7 rooms	2,660	...	...	11.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,250	...	...	27.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	22,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	22,220	...	...	97.1	...	...
More than one person per room	665	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	22,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	21,575	...	...	94.3	...	...
Not suitable	1,310	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	22,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,155	...	...	5.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,370	...	...	27.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,765	...	...	16.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,550	...	...	24.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,270	...	...	5.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,665	...	...	7.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,485	...	...	6.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,630	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	22,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	21,860	...	...	95.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,025	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	22,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	10,070	...	...	44.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	11,255	...	...	49.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,560	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	22,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	205	...	...	0.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,690	...	...	11.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,420	...	...	19.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,950	...	...	21.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,320	...	...	23.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,330	...	...	14.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,470	...	...	6.4	...	...
85 years and over	500	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	22,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	17,790	...	...	78.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,025	...	...	22.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,515	...	...	19.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	22,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,820	...	...	29.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,550	...	...	19.9	...	...
Not suitable only	1,030	...	...	4.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	710	...	...	3.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	215	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	245	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	16,065	...	...	70.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	22,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,920	...	...	13.1	...	...
Not in core need	19,385	...	...	86.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,630	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.5	...	...	66.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.1	...	...	18.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.6	...	...	8.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660	...	...	1,660	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,748	...	...	1,748	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	914,000	...	...	914,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,235	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.7	...	...	14.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.1	...	...	35.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.7	...	...	28.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,450	...	...	1,450	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,536	...	...	1,536	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	60,390	29,680	30,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	370	195	180	0.6	0.7	0.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	350	190	160	0.6	0.6	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	225	125	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Métis single ancestry	120	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,545	785	755	2.6	2.6	2.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,505	760	740	2.5	2.6	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	975	490	485	1.6	1.7	1.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	515	270	245	0.9	0.9	0.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	58,475	28,700	29,775	96.8	96.7	97.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	60,395	29,680	30,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	55,075	27,230	27,850	91.2	91.7	90.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	11,085	5,635	5,445	18.4	19.0	17.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	43,990	21,590	22,400	72.8	72.7	72.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,315	2,450	2,865	8.8	8.3	9.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	60,395	29,680	30,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	38,650	19,420	19,235	64.0	65.4	62.6
Immigrants⁸¹	20,765	9,800	10,965	34.4	33.0	35.7
Before 1980	3,085	1,480	1,600	5.1	5.0	5.2
1980 to 1990	2,475	1,185	1,290	4.1	4.0	4.2
1991 to 2000	5,290	2,530	2,755	8.8	8.5	9.0
2001 to 2010	5,080	2,385	2,695	8.4	8.0	8.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,830	2,210	2,620	8.0	7.4	8.5
2011 to 2015	2,700	1,270	1,425	4.5	4.3	4.6
2016 to 2021	2,135	940	1,195	3.5	3.2	3.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	975	465	510	1.6	1.6	1.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	20,765	9,800	10,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,850	1,005	840	8.9	10.3	7.7
5 to 14 years	3,355	1,730	1,625	16.2	17.7	14.8
15 to 24 years	3,530	1,605	1,925	17.0	16.4	17.6
25 to 44 years	10,075	4,540	5,535	48.5	46.3	50.5
45 years and over	1,955	915	1,045	9.4	9.3	9.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	20,765	9,800	10,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,570	725	850	7.6	7.4	7.8
Brazil	140	70	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
Colombia	130	60	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
El Salvador	115	60	55	0.6	0.6	0.5
Guyana	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Haiti	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaica	120	55	60	0.6	0.6	0.5
Mexico	160	65	90	0.8	0.7	0.8
Peru	65	25	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	80	45	35	0.4	0.5	0.3
United States of America	420	180	240	2.0	1.8	2.2
Other places of birth in Americas	305	140	165	1.5	1.4	1.5
Europe	5,000	2,440	2,555	24.1	24.9	23.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Croatia	110	65	45	0.5	0.7	0.4
France	80	60	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
Germany	285	140	145	1.4	1.4	1.3
Greece	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	85	35	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
Italy	160	105	50	0.8	1.1	0.5
Netherlands	120	70	55	0.6	0.7	0.5
Poland	565	250	315	2.7	2.6	2.9
Portugal	165	95	65	0.8	1.0	0.6
Romania	485	240	240	2.3	2.4	2.2
Russian Federation	370	170	200	1.8	1.7	1.8
Serbia⁸⁶	90	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Ukraine	230	115	115	1.1	1.2	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,240	565	675	6.0	5.8	6.2
Other places of birth in Europe	925	445	480	4.5	4.5	4.4
Africa	1,045	515	525	5.0	5.3	4.8
Algeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Egypt	75	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Eritrea	65	35	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ethiopia	65	25	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Morocco	25	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nigeria	55	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	295	165	135	1.4	1.7	1.2
Other places of birth in Africa	420	185	235	2.0	1.9	2.1
Asia	12,805	5,950	6,850	61.7	60.7	62.5
Afghanistan	320	145	180	1.5	1.5	1.6
Iran⁸⁸	1,500	765	730	7.2	7.8	6.7
Iraq	270	130	140	1.3	1.3	1.3
Lebanon	50	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	85	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Turkey	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
China⁹⁰	2,055	935	1,115	9.9	9.5	10.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,225	605	620	5.9	6.2	5.7
Korea, South⁹²	1,280	600	680	6.2	6.1	6.2
Taiwan	465	210	250	2.2	2.1	2.3
Philippines	2,185	905	1,285	10.5	9.2	11.7
Viet Nam	420	185	240	2.0	1.9	2.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,285	610	675	6.2	6.2	6.2
Pakistan	235	115	120	1.1	1.2	1.1
Sri Lanka	50	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	1,320	610	710	6.4	6.2	6.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	355	170	180	1.7	1.7	1.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,130	935	1,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	180	80	95	8.5	8.6	8.0
Brazil	90	40	45	4.2	4.3	3.8
Colombia	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.8
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	15	0	0.9	1.6	0.0
Mexico	15	10	10	0.7	1.1	0.8
United States of America	45	15	30	2.1	1.6	2.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	235	115	125	11.0	12.3	10.5
France	25	15	10	1.2	1.6	0.8
Germany	10	10	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	0.7	1.1	0.0
Russian Federation	45	10	35	2.1	1.1	2.9
Ukraine	30	15	20	1.4	1.6	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	25	10	1.9	2.7	0.8
Other places of birth in Europe	80	30	50	3.8	3.2	4.2
Africa	190	85	105	8.9	9.1	8.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	15	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	45	15	25	2.1	1.6	2.1
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	10	1.4	2.1	0.8
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	20	50	3.3	2.1	4.2
Asia	1,495	630	860	70.2	67.4	72.3
Afghanistan	60	35	25	2.8	3.7	2.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	285	105	175	13.4	11.2	14.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	25	10	1.6	2.7	0.8
India	235	90	145	11.0	9.6	12.2
Iran⁸⁸	140	75	60	6.6	8.0	5.0
Iraq	25	10	10	1.2	1.1	0.8
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.3
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	170	70	95	8.0	7.5	8.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	15	10	0	0.7	1.1	0.0
Pakistan	50	20	25	2.3	2.1	2.1
Philippines	265	90	170	12.4	9.6	14.3
Saudi Arabia	30	20	15	1.4	2.1	1.3
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	20	15	1.9	2.1	1.3
Turkey	15	10	10	0.7	1.1	0.8
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	25	10	15	1.2	1.1	1.3
Other places of birth in Asia	85	30	60	4.0	3.2	5.0
Oceania and other⁹³	35	25	10	1.6	2.7	0.8
Australia	25	15	10	1.2	1.6	0.8
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	60,390	29,685	30,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	22,320	10,580	11,740	37.0	35.6	38.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	14,755	7,365	7,395	24.4	24.8	24.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	23,315	11,735	11,575	38.6	39.5	37.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	17,680	8,315	9,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	10,610	5,205	5,405	60.0	62.6	57.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,300	2,530	1,770	24.3	30.4	18.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	6,310	2,670	3,640	35.7	32.1	38.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,400	1,705	2,695	24.9	20.5	28.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,505	1,315	1,190	14.2	15.8	12.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	165	90	75	0.9	1.1	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	17,680	8,315	9,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	635	330	305	3.6	4.0	3.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,775	660	1,110	10.0	7.9	11.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	625	335	290	3.5	4.0	3.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	880	400	485	5.0	4.8	5.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	13,715	6,565	7,145	77.6	79.0	76.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	60,390	29,680	30,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	23,960	11,615	12,345	39.7	39.1	40.2
South Asian	3,490	1,705	1,780	5.8	5.7	5.8
Chinese	7,075	3,505	3,570	11.7	11.8	11.6
Black	1,235	640	595	2.0	2.2	1.9
Filipino	3,060	1,355	1,710	5.1	4.6	5.6
Arab	605	285	315	1.0	1.0	1.0
Latin American	1,155	555	605	1.9	1.9	2.0
Southeast Asian	880	415	465	1.5	1.4	1.5
West Asian	2,355	1,205	1,150	3.9	4.1	3.7
Korean	1,910	910	995	3.2	3.1	3.2
Japanese	775	340	430	1.3	1.1	1.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	310	155	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple visible minorities	1,115	545	570	1.8	1.8	1.9
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	36,430	18,065	18,365	60.3	60.9	59.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	60,395	29,680	30,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	6,120	3,225	2,900	10.1	10.9	9.4
English	11,240	5,380	5,850	18.6	18.1	19.0
Irish	6,985	3,315	3,665	11.6	11.2	11.9
Scottish	9,045	4,305	4,735	15.0	14.5	15.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,140	1,505	1,635	5.2	5.1	5.3
German	5,270	2,670	2,600	8.7	9.0	8.5
Chinese	6,820	3,340	3,480	11.3	11.3	11.3
Italian	2,890	1,425	1,460	4.8	4.8	4.8
Indian (India)	2,230	1,065	1,160	3.7	3.6	3.8
Ukrainian	2,485	1,195	1,285	4.1	4.0	4.2
Dutch	1,755	915	845	2.9	3.1	2.8
Polish	1,920	920	1,000	3.2	3.1	3.3
Québécois	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,885	920	965	3.1	3.1	3.1
Filipino	3,005	1,335	1,670	5.0	4.5	5.4
French Canadian	520	260	255	0.9	0.9	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	950	510	445	1.6	1.7	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	570	285	290	0.9	1.0	0.9
Métis	705	360	340	1.2	1.2	1.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,400	700	700	2.3	2.4	2.3
Russian	1,775	845	925	2.9	2.8	3.0
Norwegian	1,400	675	725	2.3	2.3	2.4
Welsh	1,110	540	575	1.8	1.8	1.9
Portuguese	735	375	360	1.2	1.3	1.2
American	620	295	325	1.0	1.0	1.1
Spanish	990	420	575	1.6	1.4	1.9
Swedish	1,090	510	580	1.8	1.7	1.9
Hungarian	645	305	340	1.1	1.0	1.1
Acadian	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pakistani	220	105	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	395	220	180	0.7	0.7	0.6
Jewish	420	215	200	0.7	0.7	0.7
Punjabi	270	120	150	0.4	0.4	0.5
Vietnamese	670	310	365	1.1	1.0	1.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	255	120	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greek	300	165	140	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jamaican	195	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	720	330	390	1.2	1.1	1.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	180	75	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Korean	1,800	870	935	3.0	2.9	3.0
Romanian	715	350	360	1.2	1.2	1.2
Lebanese	120	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	1,450	780	670	2.4	2.6	2.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	310	165	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
Danish	560	280	280	0.9	0.9	0.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	185	100	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	420	190	230	0.7	0.6	0.7
Austrian	400	165	235	0.7	0.6	0.8
Belgian	200	105	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Haitian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hindu	195	125	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mexican	250	100	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mennonite	95	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Swiss	235	105	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	540	250	285	0.9	0.8	0.9
Sri Lankan	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	505	210	295	0.8	0.7	1.0
Japanese	985	430	550	1.6	1.4	1.8
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	160	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	360	175	185	0.6	0.6	0.6
Muslim	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	180	80	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	260	90	165	0.4	0.3	0.5
Colombian	145	75	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Moroccan	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	345	155	185	0.6	0.5	0.6
Syrian	110	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Guyanese	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	490	210	280	0.8	0.7	0.9
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	160	110	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Serbian	215	115	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ojibway	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	565	295	265	0.9	1.0	0.9
Ontarian	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	590	310	280	1.0	1.0	0.9
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	145	85	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	195	85	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Nigerian	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	105	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovak	180	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	250	95	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	390	210	180	0.6	0.7	0.6
Iraqi	170	95	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Salvadorean	170	95	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
African Caribbean	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	190	85	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	175	75	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	250	145	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
Australian	195	105	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	130	85	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Congolese	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	95	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	90	45	50	0.1	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	95	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Yoruba	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	170	100	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albertan	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ghanaian	30	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	85	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cuban	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	60	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	115	40	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Laotian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	85	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Northern Irish	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	350	180	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	160	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Fijian	200	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jatt	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	115	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sudanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	75	15	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	30	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	60,390	29,680	30,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	855	355	495	1.4	1.2	1.6
Christian	23,980	11,000	12,975	39.7	37.1	42.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,925	2,710	3,210	9.8	9.1	10.5
Anabaptist	160	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anglican	1,235	570	660	2.0	1.9	2.1
Baptist	835	415	425	1.4	1.4	1.4
Catholic	9,835	4,615	5,220	16.3	15.5	17.0
Christian Orthodox	1,340	610	725	2.2	2.1	2.4
Jehovah's Witness	295	135	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latter Day Saints	145	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	670	285	390	1.1	1.0	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	550	265	285	0.9	0.9	0.9
Presbyterian	365	140	220	0.6	0.5	0.7
Reformed	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	1,385	520	870	2.3	1.8	2.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,050	480	565	1.7	1.6	1.8
Hindu	755	400	360	1.3	1.3	1.2
Jewish	300	160	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Muslim	2,590	1,250	1,350	4.3	4.2	4.4
Sikh	1,335	635	705	2.2	2.1	2.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	700	340	360	1.2	1.1	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	29,825	15,520	14,305	49.4	52.3	46.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	59,890	29,440	30,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	54,155	26,580	27,575	90.4	90.3	90.6
Movers	5,730	2,865	2,870	9.6	9.7	9.4
Non-migrants	2,365	1,185	1,185	3.9	4.0	3.9
Migrants	3,365	1,680	1,685	5.6	5.7	5.5
Internal migrants	2,940	1,490	1,450	4.9	5.1	4.8
Intraprovincial migrants	2,585	1,310	1,275	4.3	4.4	4.2
Interprovincial migrants	350	180	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
External migrants	425	190	235	0.7	0.6	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	57,385	28,150	29,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	36,435	17,895	18,540	63.5	63.6	63.4
Movers	20,945	10,255	10,690	36.5	36.4	36.6
Non-migrants	5,355	2,675	2,680	9.3	9.5	9.2
Migrants	15,595	7,580	8,010	27.2	26.9	27.4
Internal migrants	13,325	6,540	6,785	23.2	23.2	23.2
Intraprovincial migrants	11,815	5,795	6,020	20.6	20.6	20.6
Interprovincial migrants	1,510	740	765	2.6	2.6	2.6
External migrants	2,270	1,045	1,225	4.0	3.7	4.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,765	24,790	25,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,905	3,685	3,220	13.6	14.9	12.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	43,865	21,110	22,755	86.4	85.2	87.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,650	16,955	17,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,790	1,675	1,110	8.1	9.9	6.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	31,865	15,285	16,585	92.0	90.2	93.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,770	24,795	25,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,020	3,105	2,920	11.9	12.5	11.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,490	7,605	7,885	30.5	30.7	30.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,255	14,085	15,170	57.6	56.8	58.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,860	8,135	7,730	31.2	32.8	29.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,410	3,375	1,040	8.7	13.6	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,895	1,125	765	3.7	4.5	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,520	2,245	275	5.0	9.1	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,695	4,025	5,665	19.1	16.2	21.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,755	735	1,020	3.5	3.0	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,395	5,950	7,440	26.4	24.0	28.6
Bachelor's degree	9,065	3,970	5,095	17.9	16.0	19.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,185	470	715	2.3	1.9	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	305	140	160	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	2,485	1,135	1,350	4.9	4.6	5.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	355	235	125	0.7	0.9	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,650	16,960	17,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,260	1,340	925	6.5	7.9	5.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,790	4,475	4,320	25.4	26.4	24.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,600	11,140	12,455	68.1	65.7	70.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,005	6,140	5,865	34.6	36.2	33.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,215	2,510	705	9.3	14.8	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,345	815	525	3.9	4.8	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,875	1,695	180	5.4	10.0	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,420	3,060	4,360	21.4	18.0	24.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,370	570	805	4.0	3.4	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,590	5,005	6,590	33.4	29.5	37.2
Bachelor's degree	7,795	3,320	4,470	22.5	19.6	25.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,025	405	625	3.0	2.4	3.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	245	95	150	0.7	0.6	0.8
Master's degree	2,215	975	1,245	6.4	5.7	7.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	315	210	105	0.9	1.2	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,770	24,795	25,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,510	10,710	10,800	42.4	43.2	41.6
Education	1,765	385	1,385	3.5	1.6	5.3
13. Education	1,765	385	1,385	3.5	1.6	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,210	600	610	2.4	2.4	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	180	125	55	0.4	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,035	475	560	2.0	1.9	2.2
Humanities	1,560	530	1,030	3.1	2.1	4.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	280	60	225	0.6	0.2	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	320	105	220	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	570	195	380	1.1	0.8	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	65	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	170	70	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,540	1,125	2,410	7.0	4.5	9.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	365	120	240	0.7	0.5	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	610	35	575	1.2	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	520	110	405	1.0	0.4	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	640	145	495	1.3	0.6	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,330	695	630	2.6	2.8	2.4
Business, management and public administration	5,945	2,315	3,640	11.7	9.3	14.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	235	55	180	0.5	0.2	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,710	2,255	3,455	11.2	9.1	13.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,305	550	760	2.6	2.2	2.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	470	145	330	0.9	0.6	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	380	150	230	0.7	0.6	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	380	225	160	0.7	0.9	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,480	1,010	470	2.9	4.1	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,260	910	350	2.5	3.7	1.3
25. Library science	65	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	90	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,430	5,755	675	12.7	23.2	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	165	95	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	1,795	1,445	350	3.5	5.8	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,290	1,125	165	2.5	4.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,560	1,525	30	3.1	6.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,050	1,030	25	2.1	4.2	0.1
48. Precision production	565	540	25	1.1	2.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	440	195	245	0.9	0.8	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	320	115	205	0.6	0.5	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	85	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	4,115	860	3,250	8.1	3.5	12.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	350	210	150	0.7	0.8	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,695	625	3,070	7.3	2.5	11.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,455	760	700	2.9	3.1	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	930	315	620	1.8	1.3	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	170	115	60	0.3	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	340	320	25	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	34,655	16,955	17,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,050	5,815	5,235	31.9	34.3	29.6
Education	1,370	275	1,100	4.0	1.6	6.2
13. Education	1,370	275	1,100	4.0	1.6	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,035	520	520	3.0	3.1	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	135	100	40	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	900	420	480	2.6	2.5	2.7
Humanities	1,245	410	840	3.6	2.4	4.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	210	45	170	0.6	0.3	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	260	80	180	0.8	0.5	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	460	140	310	1.3	0.8	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	45	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	140	65	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,045	960	2,085	8.8	5.7	11.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	335	105	230	1.0	0.6	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	470	40	430	1.4	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	465	90	375	1.3	0.5	2.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	560	125	435	1.6	0.7	2.5
45. Social sciences	1,145	590	565	3.3	3.5	3.2
Business, management and public administration	4,830	1,860	2,970	13.9	11.0	16.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	205	40	160	0.6	0.2	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,625	1,815	2,800	13.3	10.7	15.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,010	390	620	2.9	2.3	3.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	395	115	285	1.1	0.7	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	260	80	175	0.8	0.5	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	310	180	130	0.9	1.1	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,295	890	405	3.7	5.2	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,140	825	315	3.3	4.9	1.8
25. Library science	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,030	4,445	585	14.5	26.2	3.3
04. Architecture and related services	145	90	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	1,485	1,180	310	4.3	7.0	1.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	955	815	140	2.8	4.8	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,175	1,150	20	3.4	6.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	840	820	25	2.4	4.8	0.1
48. Precision production	420	395	20	1.2	2.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	350	160	195	1.0	0.9	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	250	95	155	0.7	0.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	100	60	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	3,300	690	2,615	9.5	4.1	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	300	180	120	0.9	1.1	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,950	485	2,465	8.5	2.9	13.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,080	550	525	3.1	3.2	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	675	215	460	1.9	1.3	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	145	95	50	0.4	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	250	230	20	0.7	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	34,655	16,955	17,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,050	5,815	5,235	31.9	34.3	29.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	23,595	11,140	12,455	68.1	65.7	70.4
Location of study inside Canada	16,945	8,140	8,805	48.9	48.0	49.8
Same as province or territory of residence	14,615	6,930	7,685	42.2	40.9	43.4
Different than province or territory of residence	2,325	1,205	1,125	6.7	7.1	6.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,655	3,010	3,650	19.2	17.8	20.6
Americas	980	500	480	2.8	2.9	2.7
United States of America	570	305	265	1.6	1.8	1.5
Mexico	95	40	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	140	60	80	0.4	0.4	0.5
Colombia	90	40	45	0.3	0.2	0.3
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	70	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Europe	1,555	765	790	4.5	4.5	4.5
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Germany	45	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Poland	120	45	80	0.3	0.3	0.5
Romania	200	105	100	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian Federation	250	115	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ukraine	105	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	30	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	305	170	140	0.9	1.0	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	270	125	145	0.8	0.7	0.8
Africa	170	80	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nigeria	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	90	50	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	3,805	1,585	2,220	11.0	9.3	12.5
Iran⁸⁸	425	200	225	1.2	1.2	1.3
Iraq	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	620	270	350	1.8	1.6	2.0
Taiwan	120	40	80	0.3	0.2	0.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	120	45	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Japan	120	30	90	0.3	0.2	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	615	250	365	1.8	1.5	2.1
Philippines	885	300	585	2.6	1.8	3.3
Viet Nam	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	360	175	185	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pakistan	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	315	150	165	0.9	0.9	0.9
Oceania	150	75	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Australia	95	45	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
New Zealand	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	50,770	24,795	25,975	...	...	...
In the labour force	34,665	17,960	16,705	...	...	...
Employed	31,860	16,505	15,355	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,805	1,455	1,345	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	16,105	6,830	9,270	...	...	...
Participation rate	68.3	72.4	64.3	68.3	72.4	64.3
Employment rate	62.8	66.6	59.1	62.8	66.6	59.1
Unemployment rate	8.1	8.1	8.1	8.1	8.1	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	50,770	24,795	25,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	16,600	7,185	9,415	32.7	29.0	36.2
Worked	34,165	17,610	16,560	67.3	71.0	63.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,585	11,115	8,470	38.6	44.8	32.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	14,585	6,495	8,090	28.7	26.2	31.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	43.3	40.9	42.2	43.3	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	34,665	17,965	16,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	730	385	350	2.1	2.1	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	33,935	17,580	16,355	97.9	97.9	97.9
Employee	29,250	14,750	14,500	84.4	82.1	86.8
Permanent position	25,485	13,140	12,340	73.5	73.1	73.9
Temporary position	3,770	1,610	2,160	10.9	9.0	12.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,120	490	630	3.2	2.7	3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,650	1,120	1,530	7.6	6.2	9.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,685	2,835	1,855	13.5	15.8	11.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	34,665	17,965	16,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	730	385	350	2.1	2.1	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	33,935	17,580	16,355	97.9	97.9	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	345	260	80	1.0	1.4	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,245	1,805	4,435	18.0	10.0	26.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,045	2,410	635	8.8	13.4	3.8
3 Health occupations	2,425	445	1,980	7.0	2.5	11.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,110	1,200	2,900	11.9	6.7	17.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,355	695	665	3.9	3.9	4.0
6 Sales and service occupations	8,150	3,580	4,570	23.5	19.9	27.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,590	5,965	620	19.0	33.2	3.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	430	350	80	1.2	1.9	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,250	870	375	3.6	4.8	2.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	34,665	17,965	16,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	730	385	350	2.1	2.1	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	33,935	17,580	16,355	97.9	97.9	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	215	120	95	0.6	0.7	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	90	60	25	0.3	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	300	250	50	0.9	1.4	0.3
23 Construction	3,630	3,085	540	10.5	17.2	3.2
31-33 Manufacturing	2,395	1,590	805	6.9	8.9	4.8
41 Wholesale trade	1,615	1,060	555	4.7	5.9	3.3
44-45 Retail trade	3,655	1,780	1,880	10.5	9.9	11.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,815	1,375	445	5.2	7.7	2.7
51 Information and cultural industries	1,055	715	345	3.0	4.0	2.1
52 Finance and insurance	1,460	615	845	4.2	3.4	5.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	645	350	290	1.9	1.9	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,805	1,635	1,165	8.1	9.1	7.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	45	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,320	710	600	3.8	4.0	3.6
61 Educational services	2,490	725	1,760	7.2	4.0	10.5
62 Health care and social assistance	4,205	665	3,540	12.1	3.7	21.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	845	445	400	2.4	2.5	2.4
72 Accommodation and food services	2,020	830	1,190	5.8	4.6	7.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,470	650	820	4.2	3.6	4.9
91 Public administration	1,855	875	980	5.4	4.9	5.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	36,700	18,860	17,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	34,070	17,605	16,460	92.8	93.3	92.3
French	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	475	240	240	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	475	240	240	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and French	280	80	205	0.8	0.4	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,790	900	895	4.9	4.8	5.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	36,700	18,860	17,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	36,355	18,695	17,655	99.1	99.1	99.0
Official languages	35,370	18,195	17,180	96.4	96.5	96.3
English	35,260	18,165	17,095	96.1	96.3	95.8
French	115	30	85	0.3	0.2	0.5
Non-official languages	985	500	480	2.7	2.7	2.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	985	500	480	2.7	2.7	2.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	275	140	135	0.7	0.7	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	155	80	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	75	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	90	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	210	125	85	0.6	0.7	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	390	205	185	1.1	1.1	1.0
Chinese languages	390	205	185	1.1	1.1	1.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	235	125	110	0.6	0.7	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	140	75	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	345	165	180	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and French	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	275	150	130	0.7	0.8	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	36,700	18,860	17,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	34,885	18,000	16,880	95.1	95.4	94.6
English	540	260	285	1.5	1.4	1.6
French	160	50	110	0.4	0.3	0.6
Non-official language	920	460	460	2.5	2.4	2.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	920	460	460	2.5	2.4	2.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	135	70	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	31,860	16,505	15,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,690	3,125	3,565	21.0	18.9	23.2
Worked outside Canada	80	45	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	5,070	3,795	1,275	15.9	23.0	8.3
Usual place of work	20,030	9,545	10,485	62.9	57.8	68.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	20,030	9,545	10,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,725	2,550	3,175	28.6	26.7	30.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,945	6,765	7,180	69.6	70.9	68.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	305	195	110	1.5	2.0	1.0
Commute to a different province or territory	55	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	25,095	13,340	11,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	21,555	11,820	9,730	85.9	88.6	82.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	19,850	11,225	8,625	79.1	84.1	73.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,700	595	1,105	6.8	4.5	9.4
Public transit	2,005	800	1,205	8.0	6.0	10.2
Walked	800	295	505	3.2	2.2	4.3
Bicycle	240	180	65	1.0	1.3	0.6
Other method	500	245	255	2.0	1.8	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	25,095	13,340	11,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	6,165	2,885	3,275	24.6	21.6	27.8
15 to 29 minutes	7,260	3,350	3,905	28.9	25.1	33.2
30 to 44 minutes	5,860	3,490	2,370	23.4	26.2	20.2
45 to 59 minutes	3,280	2,120	1,155	13.1	15.9	9.8
60 minutes and over	2,535	1,485	1,045	10.1	11.1	8.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	25,095	13,340	11,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,020	1,565	460	8.0	11.7	3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,770	3,100	1,670	19.0	23.2	14.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,120	3,075	3,045	24.4	23.1	25.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,805	2,090	2,715	19.1	15.7	23.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,720	1,675	2,045	14.8	12.6	17.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,660	1,835	1,825	14.6	13.8	15.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	11,945	6,135	5,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	715	390	330	6.0	6.4	5.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,225	5,750	5,480	94.0	93.7	94.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	8,760	4,565	4,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	555	310	250	6.3	6.8	6.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	345	195	150	3.9	4.3	3.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	210	120	95	2.4	2.6	2.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,205	4,255	3,950	93.7	93.2	94.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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