Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Coquitlam, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	148,625	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	139,284	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	58,683	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	55,949	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,216.7	...	...	1,216.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	122.15	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	148,625	73,005	75,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22,400	11,415	10,985	15.1	15.6	14.5
0 to 4 years	6,405	3,280	3,130	4.3	4.5	4.1
5 to 9 years	7,545	3,860	3,690	5.1	5.3	4.9
10 to 14 years	8,445	4,275	4,165	5.7	5.9	5.5
15 to 64 years	101,955	50,185	51,770	68.6	68.7	68.5
15 to 19 years	8,590	4,505	4,085	5.8	6.2	5.4
20 to 24 years	9,280	4,795	4,480	6.2	6.6	5.9
25 to 29 years	9,715	5,100	4,610	6.5	7.0	6.1
30 to 34 years	10,245	5,260	4,990	6.9	7.2	6.6
35 to 39 years	10,730	5,200	5,525	7.2	7.1	7.3
40 to 44 years	10,355	4,885	5,470	7.0	6.7	7.2
45 to 49 years	10,430	4,780	5,655	7.0	6.5	7.5
50 to 54 years	11,480	5,450	6,025	7.7	7.5	8.0
55 to 59 years	11,080	5,420	5,665	7.5	7.4	7.5
60 to 64 years	10,055	4,790	5,265	6.8	6.6	7.0
65 years and over	24,270	11,410	12,860	16.3	15.6	17.0
65 to 69 years	8,390	4,105	4,285	5.6	5.6	5.7
70 to 74 years	6,290	2,975	3,315	4.2	4.1	4.4
75 to 79 years	4,050	1,895	2,155	2.7	2.6	2.8
80 to 84 years	2,880	1,290	1,590	1.9	1.8	2.1
85 years and over	2,660	1,140	1,515	1.8	1.6	2.0
85 to 89 years	1,735	770	965	1.2	1.1	1.3
90 to 94 years	730	320	405	0.5	0.4	0.5
95 to 99 years	175	40	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1	15.6	14.5	15.1	15.6	14.5
15 to 64 years	68.6	68.7	68.5	68.6	68.7	68.5
65 years and over	16.3	15.6	17.0	16.3	15.6	17.0
85 years and over	1.8	1.6	2.0	1.8	1.6	2.0
Average age of the population	41.4	40.6	42.2	41.4	40.6	42.2
Median age of the population	41.6	40.4	42.8	41.6	40.4	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	55,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	19,705	...	...	35.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,635	...	...	2.9	...	...
Row house	5,510	...	...	9.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	8,590	...	...	15.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	11,860	...	...	21.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	8,370	...	...	15.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	250	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	55,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,820	...	...	22.9	...	...
2 persons	17,730	...	...	31.7	...	...
3 persons	10,600	...	...	18.9	...	...
4 persons	9,625	...	...	17.2	...	...
5 or more persons	5,180	...	...	9.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	147,465	72,515	74,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	126,225	61,590	64,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	75,515	37,450	38,060	59.8	60.8	58.9
Married	66,955	33,165	33,790	53.0	53.8	52.3
Living common-law	8,560	4,290	4,270	6.8	7.0	6.6
Living common law - Never married	6,390	3,200	3,190	5.1	5.2	4.9
Living common law - Separated	355	195	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,680	835	845	1.3	1.4	1.3
Living common law - Widowed	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	50,710	24,140	26,570	40.2	39.2	41.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	35,730	19,495	16,235	28.3	31.7	25.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,975	1,140	1,830	2.4	1.9	2.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,815	2,460	4,350	5.4	4.0	6.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,195	1,040	4,155	4.1	1.7	6.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	43,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,745	...	...	45.8	...	...
3 persons	11,040	...	...	25.6	...	...
4 persons	9,790	...	...	22.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,535	...	...	5.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	43,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	36,520	...	...	84.7	...	...
Married couples	32,245	...	...	74.8	...	...
With children⁶	19,600	...	...	45.5	...	...
Without children	12,645	...	...	29.3	...	...
Common-law couples	4,280	...	...	9.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,340	...	...	3.1	...	...
Without children	2,940	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,585	...	...	15.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,240	...	...	12.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,345	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	147,465	72,515	74,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	125,040	61,905	63,135	84.8	85.4	84.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	73,045	36,510	36,535	49.5	50.3	48.7
Parents in one-parent families	6,585	1,350	5,240	4.5	1.9	7.0
Children⁶	45,410	24,045	21,360	30.8	33.2	28.5
In a two-parent family	35,765	18,865	16,905	24.3	26.0	22.6
In a one-parent family	9,640	5,185	4,460	6.5	7.2	6.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,425	10,610	11,815	15.2	14.6	15.8
Living alone	12,815	5,905	6,915	8.7	8.1	9.2
Living with other relatives⁷	4,120	1,585	2,535	2.8	2.2	3.4
Living with non-relatives only	5,490	3,125	2,370	3.7	4.3	3.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	55,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	35,505	...	...	63.5	...	...
Couple-family households	30,485	...	...	54.5	...	...
With children⁶	17,650	...	...	31.5	...	...
Without children	12,830	...	...	22.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,030	...	...	9.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,520	...	...	4.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	720	...	...	1.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,230	...	...	4.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,165	...	...	3.9	...	...
One-person households	12,815	...	...	22.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	125,075	61,105	63,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	120,520	58,965	61,555	96.4	96.5	96.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,800	34,800	40,000	46,800	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	120,600	59,005	61,595	96.4	96.6	96.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,000	32,400	36,800	42,000	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	108,325	53,845	54,475	86.6	88.1	85.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	44,800	27,800	35,200	44,800	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,765	44,385	42,380	69.4	72.6	66.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,800	32,400	40,400	48,800	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	98,465	44,870	53,590	78.7	73.4	83.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,100	7,050	8,800	8,100	7,050	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,870	4,310	5,560	7.9	7.1	8.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,440	5,640	5,480	5,440	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,035	16,710	18,330	28.0	27.3	28.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,500	9,500	9,000	8,500	9,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	125,070	61,145	63,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	120,490	58,940	61,545	96.3	96.4	96.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,850	62,100	43,960	52,850	62,100	43,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	120,560	58,975	61,585	96.4	96.5	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,640	51,250	38,320	44,640	51,250	38,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	108,170	53,950	54,220	86.5	88.2	84.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,640	60,000	39,360	49,640	60,000	39,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,760	44,475	42,280	69.4	72.7	66.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,800	62,000	41,080	51,800	62,000	41,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	98,430	44,780	53,645	78.7	73.2	83.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,110	9,480	10,640	10,110	9,480	10,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,825	4,340	5,485	7.9	7.1	8.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,480	5,630	7,160	6,480	5,630	7,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,040	16,450	18,595	28.0	26.9	29.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,670	9,470	9,850	9,670	9,470	9,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	125,070	61,150	63,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	41,035	23,725	17,320	32.8	38.8	27.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,000	75,000	60,000	68,000	75,000	60,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,900	88,900	67,600	79,900	88,900	67,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	34,575	15,675	18,905	27.6	25.6	29.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	20,600	15,500	17,600	20,600	15,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,560	33,760	24,240	28,560	33,760	24,240
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.4	88.4	78.8	84.4	88.4	78.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.6	75.4	64.2	70.6	75.4	64.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.6	11.6	21.1	15.6	11.6	21.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.5	1.0	0.7	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.5	5.1	8.3	6.5	5.1	8.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.3	4.3	6.8	5.3	4.3	6.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	125,070	61,105	63,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,550	2,140	2,410	3.6	3.5	3.8
With total income	120,515	58,970	61,550	96.4	96.5	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,615	6,310	8,305	12.1	10.7	13.5
$10,000 to $19,999	14,270	6,050	8,220	11.8	10.3	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	17,630	7,520	10,110	14.6	12.8	16.4
$30,000 to $39,999	13,675	5,870	7,805	11.3	10.0	12.7
$40,000 to $49,999	12,035	5,445	6,590	10.0	9.2	10.7
$50,000 to $59,999	10,115	4,735	5,375	8.4	8.0	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	8,210	4,230	3,985	6.8	7.2	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	6,295	3,415	2,880	5.2	5.8	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	5,165	2,980	2,185	4.3	5.1	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	4,215	2,490	1,725	3.5	4.2	2.8
$100,000 and over	14,285	9,905	4,375	11.9	16.8	7.1
$100,000 to $149,999	9,455	6,180	3,280	7.8	10.5	5.3
$150,000 and over	4,835	3,730	1,100	4.0	6.3	1.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	125,070	61,105	63,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,470	2,095	2,370	3.6	3.4	3.7
With after-tax income	120,600	59,010	61,595	96.4	96.6	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,035	6,470	8,565	12.5	11.0	13.9
$10,000 to $19,999	14,730	6,260	8,465	12.2	10.6	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	19,660	8,395	11,265	16.3	14.2	18.3
$30,000 to $39,999	15,805	6,940	8,865	13.1	11.8	14.4
$40,000 to $49,999	13,940	6,440	7,495	11.6	10.9	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	11,155	5,640	5,520	9.2	9.6	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	8,130	4,455	3,670	6.7	7.5	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	6,280	3,680	2,600	5.2	6.2	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	4,625	2,740	1,890	3.8	4.6	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	3,170	2,040	1,130	2.6	3.5	1.8
$100,000 and over	8,060	5,940	2,120	6.7	10.1	3.4
$100,000 to $124,999	4,145	2,945	1,205	3.4	5.0	2.0
$125,000 and over	3,915	3,000	915	3.2	5.1	1.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	125,070	61,105	63,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	38,310	16,725	21,585	30.6	27.4	33.7
With employment income	86,760	44,380	42,375	69.4	72.6	66.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,820	5,230	6,590	13.6	11.8	15.6
$5,000 to $9,999	7,680	3,165	4,515	8.9	7.1	10.7
$10,000 to $19,999	9,615	4,305	5,310	11.1	9.7	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	7,155	3,280	3,880	8.2	7.4	9.2
$30,000 to $39,999	6,935	3,170	3,760	8.0	7.1	8.9
$40,000 to $49,999	7,135	3,380	3,760	8.2	7.6	8.9
$50,000 to $59,999	6,925	3,330	3,600	8.0	7.5	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	5,830	3,140	2,685	6.7	7.1	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,725	2,700	2,025	5.4	6.1	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	4,135	2,425	1,715	4.8	5.5	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	3,405	2,045	1,365	3.9	4.6	3.2
$100,000 and over	11,400	8,225	3,175	13.1	18.5	7.5
$100,000 to $124,999	5,160	3,380	1,780	5.9	7.6	4.2
$125,000 and over	6,245	4,845	1,395	7.2	10.9	3.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	125,075	61,105	63,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	116,155	56,640	59,520	92.9	92.7	93.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,400	31,600	38,000	46,400	31,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	116,420	56,700	59,720	93.1	92.8	93.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,800	29,200	34,400	40,800	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	106,590	52,880	53,710	85.2	86.5	84.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	46,000	29,800	37,200	46,000	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,280	45,000	43,280	70.6	73.6	67.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	48,000	32,800	39,600	48,000	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,965	32,615	44,345	61.5	53.4	69.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,800	1,530	3,960	2,800	1,530	3,960
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,945	2,485	3,460	4.8	4.1	5.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	4,760	6,280	5,480	4,760	6,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	125,070	61,145	63,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	116,140	56,735	59,400	92.9	92.8	92.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,440	60,450	40,880	50,440	60,450	40,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	116,410	56,770	59,640	93.1	92.8	93.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	49,240	35,120	42,000	49,240	35,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	106,610	53,085	53,525	85.2	86.8	83.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,000	60,600	39,440	50,000	60,600	39,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,405	45,160	43,245	70.7	73.9	67.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,680	60,650	40,200	50,680	60,650	40,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,765	32,620	44,145	61.4	53.3	69.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,880	6,500	7,160	6,880	6,500	7,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,000	2,520	3,480	4.8	4.1	5.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,680	5,820	9,030	7,680	5,820	9,030
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	125,070	61,150	63,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	40,655	23,470	17,190	32.5	38.4	26.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,800	71,000	55,200	62,800	71,000	55,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,600	84,000	61,950	74,600	84,000	61,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,500	14,720	17,780	26.0	24.1	27.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	27,800	21,800	24,200	27,800	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,760	40,960	29,600	34,760	40,960	29,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.0	93.8	87.0	91.0	93.8	87.0
Employment income (%)	76.4	79.8	71.6	76.4	79.8	71.6
Government transfers (%)	9.0	6.2	13.0	9.0	6.2	13.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.4	1.3	0.8	0.4	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	55,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,815	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	43,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	55,950	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	113,800	...	...	113,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,200	...	...	96,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,825	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,250	...	...	54,250	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,720	...	...	45,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	43,125	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	131,400	...	...	131,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,200	...	...	111,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	55,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,115	...	...	2.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	440	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	570	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	925	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,700	...	...	3.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,445	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,590	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,855	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,740	...	...	3.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,790	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,665	...	...	6.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,685	...	...	6.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,400	...	...	6.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,335	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,005	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	25,690	...	...	45.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,505	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,970	...	...	8.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,825	...	...	12.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	7,390	...	...	13.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	55,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,210	...	...	2.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	455	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	595	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	960	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,790	...	...	3.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,620	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,790	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,140	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,100	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,110	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,330	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,170	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,955	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,655	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,285	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,785	...	...	38.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,855	...	...	12.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,075	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	9,860	...	...	17.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	41,915	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	21,010	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,005	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,310	9,025	9,275	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	44,800	38,400	41,600	44,800	38,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	40,400	35,600	38,000	40,400	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	41,765	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	130,800	...	...	130,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,500	...	...	110,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,330	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,500	...	...	112,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,600	...	...	94,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20,895	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,600	...	...	156,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,200	...	...	131,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,600	...	...	81,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,600	...	...	72,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,340	8,840	9,500	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,200	53,000	45,680	49,200	53,000	45,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,880	44,360	39,560	41,880	44,360	39,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	147,465	72,515	74,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,485	14,025	13,465	18.6	19.3	18.0
0 to 5 years	7,880	4,040	3,835	5.3	5.6	5.1
18 to 64 years	96,525	47,360	49,165	65.5	65.3	65.6
65 years and over	23,455	11,135	12,320	15.9	15.4	16.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,835	7,795	9,040	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,550	1,855	1,695	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	945	490	455	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,955	4,570	5,385	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,330	1,370	1,960	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.4	10.8	12.1	11.4	10.8	12.1
0 to 17 years (%)	12.9	13.2	12.6	12.9	13.2	12.6
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	12.1	11.8	12.0	12.1	11.8
18 to 64 years (%)	10.3	9.7	11.0	10.3	9.7	11.0
65 years and over (%)	14.2	12.3	15.9	14.2	12.3	15.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	147,465	72,515	74,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,485	14,020	13,465	18.6	19.3	18.0
0 to 5 years	7,875	4,045	3,835	5.3	5.6	5.1
18 to 64 years	96,530	47,360	49,165	65.5	65.3	65.6
65 years and over	23,450	11,135	12,320	15.9	15.4	16.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	11,240	5,445	5,800	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,280	1,205	1,080	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	550	295	255	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,590	3,660	3,930	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,370	585	790	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.6	7.5	7.7	7.6	7.5	7.7
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	8.6	8.0	8.3	8.6	8.0
0 to 5 years (%)	7.0	7.3	6.7	7.0	7.3	6.7
18 to 64 years (%)	7.9	7.7	8.0	7.9	7.7	8.0
65 years and over (%)	5.9	5.2	6.4	5.9	5.2	6.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	147,465	72,515	74,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	64,735	30,930	33,805	43.9	42.7	45.1
In bottom decile	15,920	7,515	8,410	10.8	10.4	11.2
In second decile	12,190	5,690	6,505	8.3	7.8	8.7
In third decile	11,905	5,710	6,195	8.1	7.9	8.3
In fourth decile	12,075	5,860	6,210	8.2	8.1	8.3
In fifth decile	12,645	6,155	6,490	8.6	8.5	8.7
In top half of the distribution	82,725	41,585	41,140	56.1	57.3	54.9
In sixth decile	13,575	6,720	6,860	9.2	9.3	9.2
In seventh decile	14,385	7,175	7,205	9.8	9.9	9.6
In eighth decile	16,595	8,340	8,255	11.3	11.5	11.0
In ninth decile	18,925	9,535	9,390	12.8	13.1	12.5
In top decile	19,245	9,820	9,430	13.1	13.5	12.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	147,465	...	...	147,465	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.338	...	...	0.338	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.429	...	...	0.429	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.302	...	...	0.302	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	147,735	72,585	75,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	131,465	65,705	65,765	89.0	90.5	87.5
French only	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	8,895	3,880	5,020	6.0	5.3	6.7
Neither English nor French	7,310	2,975	4,335	4.9	4.1	5.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	147,735	72,585	75,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	138,155	68,560	69,590	93.5	94.5	92.6
French	1,330	625	705	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	1,065	475	590	0.7	0.7	0.8
Neither English nor French	7,185	2,925	4,260	4.9	4.0	5.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	147,735	72,585	75,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	140,390	69,070	71,320	95.0	95.2	94.9
Official languages	71,490	36,645	34,845	48.4	50.5	46.4
English	70,195	36,035	34,155	47.5	49.6	45.4
French	1,295	610	685	0.9	0.8	0.9
Non-official languages	68,895	32,425	36,470	46.6	44.7	48.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	68,885	32,420	36,470	46.6	44.7	48.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,505	770	730	1.0	1.1	1.0
Berber languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,470	755	710	1.0	1.0	0.9
Amharic	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,255	645	610	0.8	0.9	0.8
Aramaic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	795	355	445	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	750	340	410	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,400	1,380	2,020	2.3	1.9	2.7
Bikol	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	80	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	165	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	420	185	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,510	1,005	1,505	1.7	1.4	2.0
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	260	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25,405	12,375	13,030	17.2	17.0	17.3
Albanian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	5,125	2,440	2,680	3.5	3.4	3.6
Baltic languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5,090	2,420	2,670	3.4	3.3	3.6
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	235	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	180	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	910	430	480	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian	2,310	1,105	1,205	1.6	1.5	1.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	955	480	475	0.6	0.7	0.6
Bosnian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	485	245	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	355	185	175	0.2	0.3	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	280	115	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,290	620	675	0.9	0.9	0.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	780	365	415	0.5	0.5	0.6
German	755	350	400	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	360	180	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	230	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	75	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	180	100	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	12,565	6,250	6,320	8.5	8.6	8.4
Indo-Aryan languages	3,180	1,560	1,620	2.2	2.1	2.2
Assamese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	365	170	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hindi	730	355	370	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kacchi	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,255	600	655	0.8	0.8	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	285	155	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	9,385	4,690	4,695	6.4	6.5	6.2
Baluchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	385	200	185	0.3	0.3	0.2
Parsi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	8,920	4,445	4,480	6.0	6.1	6.0
Dari	665	320	340	0.5	0.4	0.5
Iranian Persian	7,500	3,750	3,755	5.1	5.2	5.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	760	375	390	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,070	2,875	3,195	4.1	4.0	4.3
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,195	605	595	0.8	0.8	0.8
Portuguese	1,100	515	590	0.7	0.7	0.8
Romanian	935	455	485	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	2,825	1,300	1,525	1.9	1.8	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	875	295	585	0.6	0.4	0.8
Korean	10,040	4,705	5,335	6.8	6.5	7.1
Mongolian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25,310	11,790	13,520	17.1	16.2	18.0
Chinese languages	25,245	11,755	13,490	17.1	16.2	18.0
Hakka	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	14,380	6,670	7,710	9.7	9.2	10.3
Min Dong	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	705	305	400	0.5	0.4	0.5
Wu (Shanghainese)	205	90	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yue (Cantonese)	9,670	4,570	5,100	6.5	6.3	6.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	130	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	105	30	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	390	210	175	0.3	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kazakh	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	235	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	455	195	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	310	145	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,340	3,515	3,830	5.0	4.8	5.1
English and French	405	175	230	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	5,950	2,895	3,055	4.0	4.0	4.1
French and non-official language(s)	90	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	780	360	420	0.5	0.5	0.6
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	147,735	72,585	75,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	76,285	38,795	37,490	51.6	53.4	49.9
French	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	25,630	11,835	13,795	17.3	16.3	18.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	25,630	11,835	13,795	17.3	16.3	18.4
English and French	1,065	465	600	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	41,720	20,115	21,605	28.2	27.7	28.7
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,000	430	565	0.7	0.6	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	1,750	805	950	1.2	1.1	1.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	147,735	72,585	75,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	138,850	68,310	70,540	94.0	94.1	93.9
Official languages	93,320	46,805	46,510	63.2	64.5	61.9
English	92,930	46,625	46,300	62.9	64.2	61.6
French	395	185	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	45,525	21,505	24,030	30.8	29.6	32.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	45,525	21,505	24,030	30.8	29.6	32.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	890	440	450	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	875	430	445	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	745	365	380	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	445	200	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	435	200	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,515	665	845	1.0	0.9	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	85	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,115	495	625	0.8	0.7	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,425	6,990	7,435	9.8	9.6	9.9
Albanian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,815	1,375	1,445	1.9	1.9	1.9
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,800	1,365	1,435	1.9	1.9	1.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	390	190	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	1,655	820	840	1.1	1.1	1.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	360	170	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	160	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	75	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	8,445	4,095	4,350	5.7	5.6	5.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,455	690	765	1.0	1.0	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	315	155	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	560	265	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	6,985	3,400	3,590	4.7	4.7	4.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Parsi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	6,670	3,235	3,435	4.5	4.5	4.6
Dari	380	170	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iranian Persian	5,755	2,810	2,945	3.9	3.9	3.9
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	535	260	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,880	1,380	1,500	1.9	1.9	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	220	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	660	325	335	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	415	205	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	1,580	755	825	1.1	1.0	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	410	150	260	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	8,275	3,870	4,400	5.6	5.3	5.9
Mongolian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	18,925	8,860	10,065	12.8	12.2	13.4
Chinese languages	18,885	8,835	10,050	12.8	12.2	13.4
Hakka	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	11,595	5,440	6,160	7.8	7.5	8.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	375	165	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	6,675	3,130	3,545	4.5	4.3	4.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	205	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,885	4,275	4,605	6.0	5.9	6.1
English and French	200	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	8,250	3,985	4,270	5.6	5.5	5.7
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	320	155	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	147,730	72,585	75,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	109,710	54,395	55,315	74.3	74.9	73.6
English	16,540	8,070	8,475	11.2	11.1	11.3
French	995	420	575	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official language	16,365	7,780	8,590	11.1	10.7	11.4
Indigenous³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	16,345	7,770	8,580	11.1	10.7	11.4
English and French	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,860	900	965	1.3	1.2	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	445	185	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,605	735	875	1.1	1.0	1.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	147,465	72,515	74,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	140,310	69,600	70,705	95.1	96.0	94.3
English	140,285	69,585	70,705	95.1	96.0	94.3
French	9,095	4,010	5,085	6.2	5.5	6.8
Non-official languages	83,260	39,730	43,530	56.5	54.8	58.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	83,215	39,695	43,520	56.4	54.7	58.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,105	1,125	985	1.4	1.6	1.3
Berber languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,075	1,110	960	1.4	1.5	1.3
Amharic	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,745	965	785	1.2	1.3	1.0
Aramaic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	230	90	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Maltese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,055	445	610	0.7	0.6	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	985	435	550	0.7	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,885	2,090	2,800	3.3	2.9	3.7
Bikol	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	255	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	540	250	290	0.4	0.3	0.4
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,995	1,665	2,340	2.7	2.3	3.1
Waray-Waray	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	115	80	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	435	210	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	220	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Telugu	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	33,120	16,410	16,710	22.5	22.6	22.3
Albanian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	5,785	2,855	2,925	3.9	3.9	3.9
Baltic languages	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latvian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5,760	2,840	2,915	3.9	3.9	3.9
Belarusian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	225	100	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Czech	275	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	965	485	480	0.7	0.7	0.6
Russian	3,020	1,470	1,545	2.0	2.0	2.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,200	640	565	0.8	0.9	0.8
Bosnian	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	800	410	390	0.5	0.6	0.5
Serbian	400	225	175	0.3	0.3	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	625	270	350	0.4	0.4	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,285	1,085	1,200	1.5	1.5	1.6
Frisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,440	670	775	1.0	0.9	1.0
German	1,420	645	775	1.0	0.9	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	685	330	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	370	185	185	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dutch	350	165	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	235	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	75	35	30	0.1	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	310	175	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	16,105	8,060	8,045	10.9	11.1	10.7
Indo-Aryan languages	5,115	2,590	2,530	3.5	3.6	3.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	850	405	445	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hindi	2,365	1,205	1,160	1.6	1.7	1.5
Kacchi	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kashmiri	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,060	1,090	965	1.4	1.5	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	780	425	355	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	70	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	11,125	5,545	5,580	7.5	7.6	7.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	545	305	235	0.4	0.4	0.3
Parsi	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	85	65	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	10,755	5,350	5,405	7.3	7.4	7.2
Dari	870	425	450	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian Persian	9,130	4,510	4,615	6.2	6.2	6.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	915	490	420	0.6	0.7	0.6
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,385	4,595	4,790	6.4	6.3	6.4
Catalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,060	1,025	1,035	1.4	1.4	1.4
Portuguese	1,420	700	725	1.0	1.0	1.0
Romanian	1,205	605	600	0.8	0.8	0.8
Spanish	5,245	2,550	2,690	3.6	3.5	3.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,800	785	1,015	1.2	1.1	1.4
Korean	11,550	5,370	6,180	7.8	7.4	8.2
Mongolian	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	585	295	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	55	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	295	130	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	195	105	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	190	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	29,320	13,785	15,540	19.9	19.0	20.7
Chinese languages	29,195	13,715	15,480	19.8	18.9	20.7
Hakka	325	145	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mandarin	20,625	9,585	11,040	14.0	13.2	14.7
Min Dong	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,555	640	915	1.1	0.9	1.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	220	70	150	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yue (Cantonese)	12,110	5,735	6,375	8.2	7.9	8.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	950	465	480	0.6	0.6	0.6
Azerbaijani	245	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kazakh	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	785	395	390	0.5	0.5	0.5
Uyghur	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	605	265	345	0.4	0.4	0.5
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	160	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	440	190	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	147,465	72,515	74,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,915	1,405	1,510	2.0	1.9	2.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,780	1,355	1,425	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,510	700	815	1.0	1.0	1.1
Métis	1,250	655	595	0.8	0.9	0.8
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	144,550	71,110	73,440	98.0	98.1	98.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	147,465	72,515	74,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	865	370	495	0.6	0.5	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	146,600	72,150	74,455	99.4	99.5	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	55,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	38,790	...	...	69.3	...	...
Renter	17,155	...	...	30.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	55,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	17,880	...	...	32.0	...	...
Not condominium	38,070	...	...	68.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	55,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	490	...	...	0.9	...	...
1 bedroom	8,755	...	...	15.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,330	...	...	27.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,825	...	...	22.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	18,550	...	...	33.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	55,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	23,135	...	...	41.3	...	...
5 rooms	6,925	...	...	12.4	...	...
6 rooms	5,665	...	...	10.1	...	...
7 rooms	4,765	...	...	8.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,460	...	...	27.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	55,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	53,890	...	...	96.3	...	...
More than one person per room	2,060	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	55,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	52,135	...	...	93.2	...	...
Not suitable	3,815	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	55,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,410	...	...	6.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,125	...	...	23.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	9,340	...	...	16.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	10,935	...	...	19.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,305	...	...	4.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,930	...	...	7.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	6,100	...	...	10.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,800	...	...	12.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	55,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	53,475	...	...	95.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,480	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	55,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	25,860	...	...	46.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	25,915	...	...	46.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,165	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	55,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,265	...	...	2.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,015	...	...	12.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,240	...	...	18.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	11,765	...	...	21.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,970	...	...	21.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,300	...	...	14.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,030	...	...	7.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,355	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	55,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	39,445	...	...	70.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	16,215	...	...	29.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	13,485	...	...	24.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	55,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	20,500	...	...	36.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	14,455	...	...	25.8	...	...
Not suitable only	2,545	...	...	4.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,540	...	...	2.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,025	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	690	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	195	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,450	...	...	63.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	52,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	8,825	...	...	16.7	...	...
Not in core need	44,115	...	...	83.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	38,785	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.4	...	...	61.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.3	...	...	24.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.8	...	...	10.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,640	...	...	1,640	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,906	...	...	1,906	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,100,000	...	...	1,100,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,147,000	...	...	1,147,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,155	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.5	...	...	8.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.1	...	...	40.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	30.4	...	...	30.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,530	...	...	1,530	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,606	...	...	1,606	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	147,465	72,520	74,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	660	345	315	0.4	0.5	0.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	650	345	310	0.4	0.5	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	485	245	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis single ancestry	170	100	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,655	1,300	1,360	1.8	1.8	1.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,540	1,245	1,295	1.7	1.7	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,585	790	790	1.1	1.1	1.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	940	450	495	0.6	0.6	0.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	144,150	70,875	73,275	97.8	97.7	97.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	147,465	72,515	74,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	123,775	61,455	62,320	83.9	84.7	83.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	24,090	12,295	11,795	16.3	17.0	15.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	99,680	49,165	50,520	67.6	67.8	67.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	23,695	11,060	12,635	16.1	15.3	16.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	147,465	72,515	74,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	73,320	37,285	36,035	49.7	51.4	48.1
Immigrants⁸¹	67,545	32,055	35,485	45.8	44.2	47.3
Before 1980	7,755	3,790	3,960	5.3	5.2	5.3
1980 to 1990	6,695	3,095	3,590	4.5	4.3	4.8
1991 to 2000	16,935	8,165	8,775	11.5	11.3	11.7
2001 to 2010	18,325	8,630	9,695	12.4	11.9	12.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	17,835	8,375	9,465	12.1	11.5	12.6
2011 to 2015	9,235	4,265	4,975	6.3	5.9	6.6
2016 to 2021	8,595	4,110	4,485	5.8	5.7	6.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,605	3,175	3,425	4.5	4.4	4.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	67,545	32,055	35,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	5,355	2,795	2,560	7.9	8.7	7.2
5 to 14 years	11,455	6,285	5,170	17.0	19.6	14.6
15 to 24 years	10,065	4,670	5,395	14.9	14.6	15.2
25 to 44 years	32,360	14,325	18,035	47.9	44.7	50.8
45 years and over	8,305	3,975	4,325	12.3	12.4	12.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	67,545	32,055	35,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	4,290	2,005	2,290	6.4	6.3	6.5
Brazil	530	255	280	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombia	355	175	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
El Salvador	290	125	170	0.4	0.4	0.5
Guyana	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	100	65	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexico	660	300	365	1.0	0.9	1.0
Peru	215	90	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	1,140	535	610	1.7	1.7	1.7
Other places of birth in Americas	730	350	380	1.1	1.1	1.1
Europe	10,230	5,070	5,160	15.1	15.8	14.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	220	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatia	420	215	200	0.6	0.7	0.6
France	190	110	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Germany	560	240	315	0.8	0.7	0.9
Greece	135	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungary	180	80	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Italy	765	395	365	1.1	1.2	1.0
Netherlands	215	115	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Poland	680	325	350	1.0	1.0	1.0
Portugal	275	140	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romania	935	465	475	1.4	1.5	1.3
Russian Federation	885	380	505	1.3	1.2	1.4
Serbia⁸⁶	150	95	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
Ukraine	700	330	365	1.0	1.0	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,300	1,160	1,140	3.4	3.6	3.2
Other places of birth in Europe	1,630	835	800	2.4	2.6	2.3
Africa	2,400	1,220	1,185	3.6	3.8	3.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	265	140	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Eritrea	50	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ethiopia	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	135	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Somalia	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	600	290	315	0.9	0.9	0.9
Other places of birth in Africa	1,200	605	600	1.8	1.9	1.7
Asia	50,035	23,480	26,550	74.1	73.2	74.8
Afghanistan	605	305	295	0.9	1.0	0.8
Iran⁸⁸	7,585	3,835	3,750	11.2	12.0	10.6
Iraq	460	235	220	0.7	0.7	0.6
Lebanon	160	85	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	330	205	125	0.5	0.6	0.4
Turkey	140	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	12,725	5,770	6,955	18.8	18.0	19.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	4,985	2,420	2,565	7.4	7.5	7.2
Korea, South⁹²	8,485	4,025	4,465	12.6	12.6	12.6
Taiwan	2,685	1,210	1,475	4.0	3.8	4.2
Philippines	4,100	1,715	2,385	6.1	5.4	6.7
Viet Nam	895	400	495	1.3	1.2	1.4
Bangladesh	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	2,030	1,045	985	3.0	3.3	2.8
Pakistan	485	245	235	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sri Lanka	210	110	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	4,110	1,795	2,315	6.1	5.6	6.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	590	285	305	0.9	0.9	0.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	8,600	4,110	4,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	875	465	410	10.2	11.3	9.1
Brazil	355	185	175	4.1	4.5	3.9
Colombia	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mexico	170	85	85	2.0	2.1	1.9
United States of America	135	90	45	1.6	2.2	1.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Americas	140	75	60	1.6	1.8	1.3
Europe	955	495	460	11.1	12.0	10.3
France	20	15	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
Germany	30	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	30	30	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Italy	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	245	130	115	2.8	3.2	2.6
Ukraine	175	80	95	2.0	1.9	2.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	60	45	1.2	1.5	1.0
Other places of birth in Europe	330	155	170	3.8	3.8	3.8
Africa	425	240	185	4.9	5.8	4.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	40	25	15	0.5	0.6	0.3
Eritrea	30	25	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	70	45	25	0.8	1.1	0.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	135	75	60	1.6	1.8	1.3
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	105	50	60	1.2	1.2	1.3
Asia	6,280	2,870	3,410	73.0	69.8	76.0
Afghanistan	40	20	15	0.5	0.5	0.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,915	880	1,035	22.3	21.4	23.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	180	95	85	2.1	2.3	1.9
India	375	200	180	4.4	4.9	4.0
Iran⁸⁸	1,105	560	540	12.8	13.6	12.0
Iraq	80	25	55	0.9	0.6	1.2
Israel	45	10	30	0.5	0.2	0.7
Japan	75	0	75	0.9	0.0	1.7
Jordan	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	1,100	465	635	12.8	11.3	14.2
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	60	35	30	0.7	0.9	0.7
Philippines	475	180	300	5.5	4.4	6.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	40	25	20	0.5	0.6	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	210	130	75	2.4	3.2	1.7
Turkey	30	20	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
United Arab Emirates	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Viet Nam	115	40	70	1.3	1.0	1.6
Other places of birth in Asia	390	165	225	4.5	4.0	5.0
Oceania and other⁹³	60	40	25	0.7	1.0	0.6
Australia	40	30	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	147,465	72,515	74,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	75,960	36,205	39,755	51.5	49.9	53.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	34,130	17,330	16,800	23.1	23.9	22.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	37,375	18,980	18,390	25.3	26.2	24.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	59,790	28,265	31,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	40,565	20,215	20,345	67.8	71.5	64.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	15,110	9,530	5,580	25.3	33.7	17.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	25,455	10,685	14,765	42.6	37.8	46.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	12,265	4,470	7,795	20.5	15.8	24.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	6,280	3,260	3,015	10.5	11.5	9.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	675	305	365	1.1	1.1	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	59,790	28,265	31,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,845	1,015	825	3.1	3.6	2.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	5,355	2,325	3,030	9.0	8.2	9.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	2,980	1,555	1,425	5.0	5.5	4.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,900	1,725	2,175	6.5	6.1	6.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	130	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	45,580	21,585	23,995	76.2	76.4	76.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	147,465	72,515	74,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	83,330	39,955	43,370	56.5	55.1	57.9
South Asian	7,405	3,665	3,740	5.0	5.1	5.0
Chinese	32,770	15,735	17,040	22.2	21.7	22.7
Black	2,135	1,100	1,035	1.4	1.5	1.4
Filipino	5,330	2,325	3,010	3.6	3.2	4.0
Arab	1,455	810	640	1.0	1.1	0.9
Latin American	3,345	1,635	1,710	2.3	2.3	2.3
Southeast Asian	2,345	1,075	1,275	1.6	1.5	1.7
West Asian	10,625	5,255	5,370	7.2	7.2	7.2
Korean	11,900	5,625	6,275	8.1	7.8	8.4
Japanese	1,705	670	1,030	1.2	0.9	1.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	860	445	415	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple visible minorities	3,440	1,620	1,820	2.3	2.2	2.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	64,140	32,560	31,580	43.5	44.9	42.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	147,465	72,515	74,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,965	5,155	4,810	6.8	7.1	6.4
English	18,620	9,400	9,225	12.6	13.0	12.3
Irish	11,375	5,675	5,700	7.7	7.8	7.6
Scottish	14,360	7,195	7,165	9.7	9.9	9.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,570	2,735	2,835	3.8	3.8	3.8
German	8,615	4,290	4,330	5.8	5.9	5.8
Chinese	29,940	14,285	15,660	20.3	19.7	20.9
Italian	6,800	3,530	3,275	4.6	4.9	4.4
Indian (India)	4,840	2,310	2,530	3.3	3.2	3.4
Ukrainian	4,250	2,130	2,115	2.9	2.9	2.8
Dutch	3,005	1,495	1,510	2.0	2.1	2.0
Polish	3,260	1,665	1,585	2.2	2.3	2.1
Québécois	145	90	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,410	1,685	1,730	2.3	2.3	2.3
Filipino	5,605	2,455	3,150	3.8	3.4	4.2
French Canadian	950	450	505	0.6	0.6	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,710	880	830	1.2	1.2	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	980	485	495	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis	1,220	595	625	0.8	0.8	0.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,210	1,235	975	1.5	1.7	1.3
Russian	3,415	1,650	1,770	2.3	2.3	2.4
Norwegian	2,375	1,150	1,225	1.6	1.6	1.6
Welsh	1,880	925	950	1.3	1.3	1.3
Portuguese	1,635	775	860	1.1	1.1	1.1
American	1,350	660	690	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	2,050	915	1,140	1.4	1.3	1.5
Swedish	1,825	860	965	1.2	1.2	1.3
Hungarian	1,175	545	635	0.8	0.8	0.8
Acadian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	580	315	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	785	400	390	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jewish	705	355	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Punjabi	665	350	310	0.5	0.5	0.4
Vietnamese	1,430	685	745	1.0	0.9	1.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	605	310	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greek	650	325	320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	260	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,745	1,350	1,395	1.9	1.9	1.9
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	295	145	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	11,480	5,395	6,085	7.8	7.4	8.1
Romanian	1,455	735	715	1.0	1.0	1.0
Lebanese	335	155	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	8,015	3,975	4,050	5.4	5.5	5.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	540	265	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	945	460	485	0.6	0.6	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	200	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	315	160	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austrian	750	410	335	0.5	0.6	0.4
Belgian	420	215	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	630	315	310	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mexican	1,215	585	630	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mennonite	195	110	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Swiss	505	250	255	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	865	405	460	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sri Lankan	220	115	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Croatian	1,455	735	725	1.0	1.0	1.0
Japanese	2,060	830	1,230	1.4	1.1	1.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	405	190	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	490	250	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	505	265	240	0.3	0.4	0.3
Egyptian	330	165	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	560	300	260	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tamil	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	600	285	320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombian	425	215	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moroccan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	570	295	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	335	195	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guyanese	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	1,025	515	510	0.7	0.7	0.7
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	455	270	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ojibway	110	80	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Newfoundlander	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	2,115	1,040	1,075	1.4	1.4	1.4
Ontarian	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	2,605	1,310	1,295	1.8	1.8	1.7
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	390	210	180	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	560	280	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigerian	150	115	30	0.1	0.2	0.0
Armenian	185	115	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slovak	300	125	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	340	160	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	70	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwanese	2,460	1,120	1,340	1.7	1.5	1.8
Iraqi	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Salvadorean	410	185	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Caribbean	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	705	350	360	0.5	0.5	0.5
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	405	195	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	185	75	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	340	175	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	310	170	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	190	75	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Congolese	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	195	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	135	40	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	150	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	160	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	210	115	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eritrean	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	255	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	245	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albertan	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
African American	165	100	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	200	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	165	100	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	120	90	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	445	200	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Laotian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	460	225	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	70	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	460	275	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Fijian	425	205	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jatt	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	130	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	160	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	455	220	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	95	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sicilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Goan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	110	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	90	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	65	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	240	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	147,465	72,515	74,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	3,110	1,280	1,830	2.1	1.8	2.4
Christian	55,150	25,510	29,645	37.4	35.2	39.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	15,095	6,865	8,235	10.2	9.5	11.0
Anabaptist	390	195	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anglican	2,160	1,005	1,155	1.5	1.4	1.5
Baptist	1,485	635	845	1.0	0.9	1.1
Catholic	23,630	11,135	12,490	16.0	15.4	16.7
Christian Orthodox	2,685	1,315	1,375	1.8	1.8	1.8
Jehovah's Witness	455	200	255	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	225	90	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	1,190	485	705	0.8	0.7	0.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	385	170	215	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	985	495	490	0.7	0.7	0.7
Presbyterian	1,345	620	720	0.9	0.9	1.0
Reformed	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	2,740	1,190	1,555	1.9	1.6	2.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,290	1,035	1,255	1.6	1.4	1.7
Hindu	1,955	990	965	1.3	1.4	1.3
Jewish	405	215	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	9,315	4,670	4,645	6.3	6.4	6.2
Sikh	1,855	855	995	1.3	1.2	1.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,685	680	1,010	1.1	0.9	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	73,945	38,305	35,640	50.1	52.8	47.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	146,310	71,960	74,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	126,490	62,150	64,340	86.5	86.4	86.5
Movers	19,825	9,810	10,010	13.5	13.6	13.5
Non-migrants	9,430	4,595	4,835	6.4	6.4	6.5
Migrants	10,390	5,215	5,175	7.1	7.2	7.0
Internal migrants	8,125	4,065	4,060	5.6	5.6	5.5
Intraprovincial migrants	6,870	3,395	3,480	4.7	4.7	4.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,255	675	585	0.9	0.9	0.8
External migrants	2,260	1,145	1,115	1.5	1.6	1.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	141,005	69,275	71,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	81,315	40,015	41,300	57.7	57.8	57.6
Movers	59,690	29,260	30,430	42.3	42.2	42.4
Non-migrants	18,150	8,965	9,185	12.9	12.9	12.8
Migrants	41,535	20,295	21,240	29.5	29.3	29.6
Internal migrants	29,875	14,830	15,045	21.2	21.4	21.0
Intraprovincial migrants	25,835	12,760	13,070	18.3	18.4	18.2
Interprovincial migrants	4,040	2,070	1,970	2.9	3.0	2.7
External migrants	11,665	5,470	6,195	8.3	7.9	8.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	125,070	61,145	63,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,125	7,470	6,660	11.3	12.2	10.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	110,945	53,680	57,265	88.7	87.8	89.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	83,885	40,660	43,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,965	2,825	2,145	5.9	6.9	5.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	78,920	37,835	41,085	94.1	93.1	95.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	125,075	61,145	63,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,775	6,645	6,130	10.2	10.9	9.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	34,305	16,445	17,860	27.4	26.9	27.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	77,985	38,055	39,930	62.4	62.2	62.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	32,990	16,500	16,490	26.4	27.0	25.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,525	5,470	2,050	6.0	8.9	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,135	1,785	1,355	2.5	2.9	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,385	3,690	700	3.5	6.0	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20,235	8,695	11,540	16.2	14.2	18.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,235	2,340	2,895	4.2	3.8	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	45,000	21,555	23,445	36.0	35.3	36.7
Bachelor's degree	30,385	14,175	16,210	24.3	23.2	25.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,070	1,395	1,675	2.5	2.3	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	985	510	475	0.8	0.8	0.7
Master's degree	8,945	4,455	4,485	7.2	7.3	7.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,615	1,020	595	1.3	1.7	0.9
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	83,885	40,660	43,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,150	2,340	1,810	4.9	5.8	4.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,190	8,995	9,195	21.7	22.1	21.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,540	29,320	32,220	73.4	72.1	74.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,240	11,970	12,270	28.9	29.4	28.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,285	3,885	1,400	6.3	9.6	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,120	1,235	890	2.5	3.0	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,165	2,650	510	3.8	6.5	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,045	6,375	8,670	17.9	15.7	20.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,910	1,715	2,200	4.7	4.2	5.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	37,305	17,350	19,955	44.5	42.7	46.2
Bachelor's degree	24,870	11,305	13,565	29.6	27.8	31.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,535	1,115	1,420	3.0	2.7	3.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	810	385	425	1.0	0.9	1.0
Master's degree	7,785	3,765	4,020	9.3	9.3	9.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,305	785	515	1.6	1.9	1.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	125,070	61,150	63,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	47,085	23,095	23,990	37.6	37.8	37.5
Education	4,270	950	3,320	3.4	1.6	5.2
13. Education	4,270	950	3,320	3.4	1.6	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,655	1,445	2,210	2.9	2.4	3.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	465	340	130	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	3,190	1,105	2,085	2.6	1.8	3.3
Humanities	4,460	1,525	2,935	3.6	2.5	4.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	805	200	605	0.6	0.3	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	1,260	345	920	1.0	0.6	1.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,310	415	895	1.0	0.7	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	180	100	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	320	215	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	360	190	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	175	30	150	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,230	3,655	6,575	8.2	6.0	10.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	105	30	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,285	510	775	1.0	0.8	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,285	140	1,145	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	1,495	430	1,065	1.2	0.7	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	190	70	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,645	450	1,200	1.3	0.7	1.9
45. Social sciences	4,210	2,020	2,195	3.4	3.3	3.4
Business, management and public administration	17,605	7,800	9,805	14.1	12.8	15.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	575	135	440	0.5	0.2	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	17,005	7,655	9,345	13.6	12.5	14.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,055	2,105	1,945	3.2	3.4	3.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,555	670	880	1.2	1.1	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	965	470	495	0.8	0.8	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	10	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,400	930	475	1.1	1.5	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,890	3,270	1,620	3.9	5.3	2.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,895	2,745	1,150	3.1	4.5	1.8
25. Library science	165	25	140	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	725	425	300	0.6	0.7	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	100	75	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,260	13,110	2,155	12.2	21.4	3.4
04. Architecture and related services	670	430	240	0.5	0.7	0.4
14. Engineering	6,530	5,165	1,365	5.2	8.4	2.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,645	2,315	335	2.1	3.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,595	2,530	70	2.1	4.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,825	1,770	60	1.5	2.9	0.1
48. Precision production	990	905	85	0.8	1.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,300	640	665	1.0	1.0	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	795	350	450	0.6	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	500	290	215	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	9,325	2,205	7,120	7.5	3.6	11.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	900	445	460	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,220	1,635	6,585	6.6	2.7	10.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	205	130	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,925	1,345	1,580	2.3	2.2	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,980	580	1,400	1.6	0.9	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	355	270	85	0.3	0.4	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	550	465	85	0.4	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	83,885	40,660	43,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,340	11,335	11,005	26.6	27.9	25.5
Education	2,965	600	2,365	3.5	1.5	5.5
13. Education	2,965	600	2,365	3.5	1.5	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,890	1,130	1,760	3.4	2.8	4.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	330	230	100	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	2,560	900	1,660	3.1	2.2	3.8
Humanities	3,515	1,170	2,340	4.2	2.9	5.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	650	160	495	0.8	0.4	1.1
23. English language and literature/letters	1,015	245	775	1.2	0.6	1.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,025	345	685	1.2	0.8	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	125	70	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	235	155	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	300	165	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	120	15	105	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,380	2,935	5,445	10.0	7.2	12.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	100	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,055	425	635	1.3	1.0	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	965	115	855	1.2	0.3	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,275	335	935	1.5	0.8	2.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	155	55	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,360	335	1,030	1.6	0.8	2.4
45. Social sciences	3,465	1,645	1,820	4.1	4.0	4.2
Business, management and public administration	14,365	6,180	8,180	17.1	15.2	18.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	455	100	350	0.5	0.2	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,905	6,070	7,830	16.6	14.9	18.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,105	1,555	1,550	3.7	3.8	3.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,230	535	700	1.5	1.3	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	740	345	395	0.9	0.8	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,010	650	365	1.2	1.6	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,210	2,850	1,365	5.0	7.0	3.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,455	2,455	1,000	4.1	6.0	2.3
25. Library science	115	15	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	560	320	240	0.7	0.8	0.6
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	85	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,605	9,725	1,880	13.8	23.9	4.3
04. Architecture and related services	555	335	215	0.7	0.8	0.5
14. Engineering	5,205	3,985	1,220	6.2	9.8	2.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,885	1,605	285	2.2	3.9	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,925	1,865	55	2.3	4.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,345	1,305	40	1.6	3.2	0.1
48. Precision production	690	630	60	0.8	1.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	985	440	545	1.2	1.1	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	595	225	370	0.7	0.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	390	210	175	0.5	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	7,290	1,705	5,585	8.7	4.2	12.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	705	350	355	0.8	0.9	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,415	1,265	5,155	7.6	3.1	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,230	1,035	1,195	2.7	2.5	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,525	470	1,055	1.8	1.2	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	290	215	70	0.3	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	390	315	70	0.5	0.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	83,885	40,660	43,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,340	11,335	11,005	26.6	27.9	25.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	61,545	29,325	32,220	73.4	72.1	74.5
Location of study inside Canada	38,370	19,075	19,300	45.7	46.9	44.7
Same as province or territory of residence	32,475	15,955	16,525	38.7	39.2	38.2
Different than province or territory of residence	5,895	3,120	2,775	7.0	7.7	6.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	23,170	10,250	12,925	27.6	25.2	29.9
Americas	3,040	1,600	1,435	3.6	3.9	3.3
United States of America	1,750	980	770	2.1	2.4	1.8
Mexico	430	205	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cuba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	370	170	200	0.4	0.4	0.5
Colombia	150	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	180	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	3,455	1,740	1,710	4.1	4.3	4.0
Belgium	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	165	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	185	70	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romania	360	195	165	0.4	0.5	0.4
Russian Federation	390	160	235	0.5	0.4	0.5
Ukraine	385	200	185	0.5	0.5	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	945	510	440	1.1	1.3	1.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italy	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	450	225	230	0.5	0.6	0.5
Africa	540	265	280	0.6	0.7	0.6
Nigeria	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	260	115	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	15,695	6,435	9,260	18.7	15.8	21.4
Iran⁸⁸	2,830	1,260	1,570	3.4	3.1	3.6
Iraq	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israel	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkey	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	4,520	1,900	2,620	5.4	4.7	6.1
Taiwan	560	170	385	0.7	0.4	0.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	625	255	370	0.7	0.6	0.9
Japan	305	75	230	0.4	0.2	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	3,190	1,235	1,955	3.8	3.0	4.5
Philippines	1,555	590	965	1.9	1.5	2.2
Viet Nam	105	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	770	350	420	0.9	0.9	1.0
Pakistan	165	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	660	275	385	0.8	0.7	0.9
Oceania	445	205	240	0.5	0.5	0.6
Australia	370	175	195	0.4	0.4	0.5
New Zealand	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	125,075	61,145	63,925	...	...	...
In the labour force	81,265	42,580	38,680	...	...	...
Employed	73,920	39,010	34,910	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,345	3,575	3,770	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	43,805	18,565	25,240	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.0	69.6	60.5	65.0	69.6	60.5
Employment rate	59.1	63.8	54.6	59.1	63.8	54.6
Unemployment rate	9.0	8.4	9.7	9.0	8.4	9.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	125,070	61,145	63,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	45,120	19,350	25,775	36.1	31.6	40.3
Worked	79,950	41,800	38,150	63.9	68.4	59.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	42,725	24,820	17,910	34.2	40.6	28.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	37,230	16,980	20,245	29.8	27.8	31.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	42.2	39.4	40.9	42.2	39.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	81,265	42,580	38,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,130	1,005	1,120	2.6	2.4	2.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	79,140	41,575	37,565	97.4	97.6	97.1
Employee	65,790	33,505	32,285	81.0	78.7	83.5
Permanent position	55,065	28,620	26,445	67.8	67.2	68.4
Temporary position	10,725	4,885	5,835	13.2	11.5	15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,100	1,970	2,130	5.0	4.6	5.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,630	2,915	3,710	8.2	6.8	9.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	13,350	8,070	5,280	16.4	19.0	13.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	81,265	42,580	38,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,130	1,005	1,120	2.6	2.4	2.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	79,140	41,575	37,565	97.4	97.6	97.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	975	700	275	1.2	1.6	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	16,085	5,645	10,440	19.8	13.3	27.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,215	7,165	2,045	11.3	16.8	5.3
3 Health occupations	5,450	1,405	4,045	6.7	3.3	10.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,265	3,075	6,190	11.4	7.2	16.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,175	1,615	1,560	3.9	3.8	4.0
6 Sales and service occupations	20,520	9,190	11,330	25.3	21.6	29.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,895	10,915	980	14.6	25.6	2.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	520	415	105	0.6	1.0	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,035	1,440	600	2.5	3.4	1.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	81,265	42,580	38,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,130	1,005	1,120	2.6	2.4	2.9
All industries¹⁹¹	79,140	41,575	37,565	97.4	97.6	97.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	240	145	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	215	160	50	0.3	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	615	395	215	0.8	0.9	0.6
23 Construction	6,805	5,760	1,045	8.4	13.5	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	4,625	3,220	1,405	5.7	7.6	3.6
41 Wholesale trade	3,195	2,110	1,080	3.9	5.0	2.8
44-45 Retail trade	9,385	4,175	5,215	11.5	9.8	13.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,580	2,760	820	4.4	6.5	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	3,030	1,985	1,045	3.7	4.7	2.7
52 Finance and insurance	4,190	1,930	2,260	5.2	4.5	5.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,210	1,175	1,030	2.7	2.8	2.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,155	5,385	3,770	11.3	12.6	9.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	235	135	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,785	1,665	1,120	3.4	3.9	2.9
61 Educational services	6,190	2,140	4,055	7.6	5.0	10.5
62 Health care and social assistance	8,740	1,830	6,905	10.8	4.3	17.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,535	780	755	1.9	1.8	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	5,035	2,385	2,645	6.2	5.6	6.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,435	1,365	2,070	4.2	3.2	5.4
91 Public administration	3,955	2,080	1,875	4.9	4.9	4.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	86,520	45,010	41,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	76,165	40,270	35,895	88.0	89.5	86.5
French	70	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	2,345	1,075	1,270	2.7	2.4	3.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,345	1,075	1,270	2.7	2.4	3.1
English and French	590	235	350	0.7	0.5	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	7,115	3,325	3,790	8.2	7.4	9.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	30	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	86,520	45,010	41,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	84,865	44,190	40,665	98.1	98.2	98.0
Official languages	80,370	42,125	38,245	92.9	93.6	92.1
English	80,160	42,070	38,090	92.6	93.5	91.8
French	210	55	160	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	4,490	2,065	2,425	5.2	4.6	5.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,490	2,065	2,425	5.2	4.6	5.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	570	270	300	0.7	0.6	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	280	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	255	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	250	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	225	115	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	170	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	1,475	685	790	1.7	1.5	1.9
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,300	1,065	1,240	2.7	2.4	3.0
Chinese languages	2,290	1,060	1,235	2.6	2.4	3.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,635	775	855	1.9	1.7	2.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	660	275	375	0.8	0.6	0.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,655	815	845	1.9	1.8	2.0
English and French	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,510	745	760	1.7	1.7	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	86,520	45,010	41,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	79,995	42,050	37,945	92.5	93.4	91.4
English	2,005	930	1,080	2.3	2.1	2.6
French	390	170	220	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	3,230	1,470	1,760	3.7	3.3	4.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,230	1,470	1,760	3.7	3.3	4.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	180	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	650	315	335	0.8	0.7	0.8
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	73,920	39,010	34,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	20,070	10,130	9,940	27.2	26.0	28.5
Worked outside Canada	490	325	165	0.7	0.8	0.5
No fixed workplace address	9,710	7,320	2,395	13.1	18.8	6.9
Usual place of work	43,650	21,235	22,415	59.1	54.4	64.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	43,650	21,240	22,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,820	5,325	7,495	29.4	25.1	33.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	30,225	15,520	14,705	69.2	73.1	65.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	485	320	165	1.1	1.5	0.7
Commute to a different province or territory	115	70	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	53,360	28,555	24,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	42,780	23,985	18,795	80.2	84.0	75.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	39,505	22,885	16,620	74.0	80.1	67.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,270	1,100	2,170	6.1	3.9	8.7
Public transit	6,805	2,935	3,870	12.8	10.3	15.6
Walked	2,405	925	1,480	4.5	3.2	6.0
Bicycle	255	180	80	0.5	0.6	0.3
Other method	1,120	535	585	2.1	1.9	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	53,360	28,555	24,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,720	4,470	6,250	20.1	15.7	25.2
15 to 29 minutes	16,240	8,375	7,865	30.4	29.3	31.7
30 to 44 minutes	13,850	8,465	5,385	26.0	29.6	21.7
45 to 59 minutes	6,740	4,015	2,720	12.6	14.1	11.0
60 minutes and over	5,810	3,230	2,580	10.9	11.3	10.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	53,360	28,555	24,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,365	2,410	955	6.3	8.4	3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,630	5,650	2,980	16.2	19.8	12.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,225	6,485	5,740	22.9	22.7	23.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,020	5,170	5,855	20.7	18.1	23.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10,500	4,765	5,730	19.7	16.7	23.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,620	4,075	3,545	14.3	14.3	14.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	28,085	14,330	13,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,505	735	770	5.4	5.1	5.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	26,575	13,595	12,985	94.6	94.9	94.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	21,175	10,800	10,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,170	570	600	5.5	5.3	5.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	685	325	365	3.2	3.0	3.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	480	245	235	2.3	2.3	2.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,005	10,230	9,780	94.5	94.7	94.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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