Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Topic:
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
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Commuting destination
Commuting duration
Main mode of commuting
Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
Select all: Education
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Ethnic or cultural origin
Religion
Visible minority
Families, households, and marital status
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Family characteristics
Household type
Marital status
Housing
Household characteristics
Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
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Admission category and applicant type
Age at immigration
Citizenship
Generation status
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
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Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
Select all: Indigenous peoples
Indigenous ancestry
Indigenous population
Instruction in the minority official language
Select all: Instruction in the minority official language
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
Select all: Labour
Class of worker including job permanency
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Labour force status
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
Language
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All languages spoken at home
First official language spoken
Knowledge of languages
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Language spoken most often at home
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Other language spoken regularly at home
Language of work
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All languages used at work
Language used most often at work
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Mobility and migration
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Mobility status 1 year ago
Mobility status 5 years ago
Population and dwelling counts
Population and dwellings
Type of dwelling
Household and dwelling characteristics
GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Richmond, City (CY)More information:
British Columbia
[Census subdivision]
 Remove		 59153619More information:
British Columbia
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 Greater Vancouver, Regional district (RD)More information:
British Columbia
[Census division]
 Remove
Counts Rates Counts Rates Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 209,937E ... ... ... ... ... 881 ... ... ... ... ... 2,642,825 ... ... ... ... ...
Population, 20161 198,309 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2,463,431 ... ... ... ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 5.9E ... ... 5.9E ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 7.3 ... ... 7.3 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 85,035 ... ... ... ... ... 256 ... ... ... ... ... 1,104,532 ... ... ... ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 81,080 ... ... ... ... ... 255 ... ... ... ... ... 1,043,319 ... ... ... ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 1,629.0 ... ... 1,629.0 ... ... 5,404.9 ... ... 5,404.9 ... ... 918.0 ... ... 918.0 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 128.87 ... ... ... ... ... 0.16 ... ... ... ... ... 2,878.93 ... ... ... ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 209,935 100,290 109,650 100.0 100.0 100.0 880 425 460 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,642,825 1,294,420 1,348,405 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 27,935 14,275 13,665 13.3 14.2 12.5 115 55 65 13.1 12.9 14.1 372,045 192,230 179,820 14.1 14.9 13.3
0 to 4 years 8,615 4,440 4,175 4.1 4.4 3.8 35 15 15 4.0 3.5 3.3 114,775 58,780 55,995 4.3 4.5 4.2
5 to 9 years 9,770 4,965 4,800 4.7 5.0 4.4 35 20 15 4.0 4.7 3.3 125,295 65,020 60,275 4.7 5.0 4.5
10 to 14 years 9,550 4,865 4,685 4.5 4.9 4.3 45 15 30 5.1 3.5 6.5 131,980 68,430 63,550 5.0 5.3 4.7
15 to 64 years 140,090 66,665 73,425 66.7 66.5 67.0 600 295 305 68.2 69.4 66.3 1,809,990 891,125 918,860 68.5 68.8 68.1
15 to 19 years 10,375 5,370 5,000 4.9 5.4 4.6 45 20 25 5.1 4.7 5.4 137,415 70,960 66,460 5.2 5.5 4.9
20 to 24 years 13,025 6,715 6,310 6.2 6.7 5.8 65 35 30 7.4 8.2 6.5 174,255 89,240 85,010 6.6 6.9 6.3
25 to 29 years 15,285 7,640 7,640 7.3 7.6 7.0 65 35 30 7.4 8.2 6.5 201,265 101,265 100,000 7.6 7.8 7.4
30 to 34 years 15,290 7,605 7,685 7.3 7.6 7.0 45 25 15 5.1 5.9 3.3 210,030 104,755 105,280 7.9 8.1 7.8
35 to 39 years 14,110 6,855 7,255 6.7 6.8 6.6 55 20 30 6.3 4.7 6.5 199,405 98,575 100,830 7.5 7.6 7.5
40 to 44 years 12,660 5,970 6,685 6.0 6.0 6.1 40 20 25 4.5 4.7 5.4 178,105 86,165 91,945 6.7 6.7 6.8
45 to 49 years 13,065 5,730 7,340 6.2 5.7 6.7 55 25 25 6.3 5.9 5.4 172,885 81,615 91,270 6.5 6.3 6.8
50 to 54 years 14,950 6,545 8,405 7.1 6.5 7.7 55 25 35 6.3 5.9 7.6 183,290 87,530 95,760 6.9 6.8 7.1
55 to 59 years 16,075 7,295 8,780 7.7 7.3 8.0 80 35 45 9.1 8.2 9.8 184,880 90,050 94,830 7.0 7.0 7.0
60 to 64 years 15,260 6,940 8,320 7.3 6.9 7.6 100 50 50 11.4 11.8 10.9 168,450 80,970 87,480 6.4 6.3 6.5
65 years and over 41,910 19,345 22,565 20.0 19.3 20.6 165 80 85 18.8 18.8 18.5 460,790 211,065 249,725 17.4 16.3 18.5
65 to 69 years 13,690 6,425 7,265 6.5 6.4 6.6 75 35 35 8.5 8.2 7.6 144,280 68,715 75,575 5.5 5.3 5.6
70 to 74 years 11,510 5,460 6,045 5.5 5.4 5.5 40 20 20 4.5 4.7 4.3 121,230 56,855 64,375 4.6 4.4 4.8
75 to 79 years 6,800 3,220 3,585 3.2 3.2 3.3 25 15 15 2.8 3.5 3.3 80,025 37,015 43,010 3.0 2.9 3.2
80 to 84 years 4,860 2,210 2,655 2.3 2.2 2.4 10 5 5 1.1 1.2 1.1 56,105 24,940 31,160 2.1 1.9 2.3
85 years and over 5,050 2,035 3,015 2.4 2.0 2.7 15 5 10 1.7 1.2 2.2 59,150 23,540 35,610 2.2 1.8 2.6
85 to 89 years 3,090 1,395 1,695 1.5 1.4 1.5 10 5 10 1.1 1.2 2.2 35,605 15,285 20,325 1.3 1.2 1.5
90 to 94 years 1,545 520 1,020 0.7 0.5 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,875 6,670 11,200 0.7 0.5 0.8
95 to 99 years 340 100 240 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,850 1,410 3,440 0.2 0.1 0.3
100 years and over 70 15 55 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820 180 640 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 13.3 14.2 12.5 13.3 14.2 12.5 13.1 12.9 14.1 13.1 12.9 14.1 14.1 14.9 13.3 14.1 14.9 13.3
15 to 64 years 66.7 66.5 67.0 66.7 66.5 67.0 68.2 69.4 66.3 68.2 69.4 66.3 68.5 68.8 68.1 68.5 68.8 68.1
65 years and over 20.0 19.3 20.6 20.0 19.3 20.6 18.8 18.8 18.5 18.8 18.8 18.5 17.4 16.3 18.5 17.4 16.3 18.5
85 years and over 2.4 2.0 2.7 2.4 2.0 2.7 1.7 1.2 2.2 1.7 1.2 2.2 2.2 1.8 2.6 2.2 1.8 2.6
Average age of the population 43.3 42.2 44.3 43.3 42.2 44.3 43.7 42.8 44.5 43.7 42.8 44.5 41.7 40.8 42.6 41.7 40.8 42.6
Median age of the population 43.6 41.6 45.6 43.6 41.6 45.6 46.4 45.2 48.0 46.4 45.2 48.0 40.8 39.6 42.0 40.8 39.6 42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 81,080 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 255 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,043,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Single-detached house 24,435 ... ... 30.1 ... ... 165 ... ... 64.7 ... ... 288,775 ... ... 27.7 ... ...
Semi-detached house 1,585 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 22,025 ... ... 2.1 ... ...
Row house 15,945 ... ... 19.7 ... ... 85 ... ... 33.3 ... ... 105,965 ... ... 10.2 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 4,990 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 5 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 167,855 ... ... 16.1 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 18,590 ... ... 22.9 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 255,550 ... ... 24.5 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 15,475 ... ... 19.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 197,280 ... ... 18.9 ... ...
Other single-attached house 20 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,340 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 45 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 4,525 ... ... 0.4 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 81,080 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 255 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,043,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 person 20,340 ... ... 25.1 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 303,030 ... ... 29.0 ... ...
2 persons 26,205 ... ... 32.3 ... ... 65 ... ... 25.5 ... ... 332,130 ... ... 31.8 ... ...
3 persons 15,145 ... ... 18.7 ... ... 55 ... ... 21.6 ... ... 164,100 ... ... 15.7 ... ...
4 persons 11,905 ... ... 14.7 ... ... 60 ... ... 23.5 ... ... 146,150 ... ... 14.0 ... ...
5 or more persons 7,485 ... ... 9.2 ... ... 55 ... ... 21.6 ... ... 97,910 ... ... 9.4 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 208,400 99,740 108,655 100.0 100.0 100.0 885 425 460 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,607,015 1,277,300 1,329,710 100.0 100.0 100.0
Average household size 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 182,000 86,015 95,990 100.0 100.0 100.0 765 375 395 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,270,780 1,102,195 1,168,590 100.0 100.0 100.0
Married or living common-law 106,985 52,795 54,190 58.8 61.4 56.5 475 235 240 62.1 62.7 60.8 1,283,005 639,625 643,380 56.5 58.0 55.1
Married 98,060 48,345 49,720 53.9 56.2 51.8 460 230 235 60.1 61.3 59.5 1,100,315 547,205 553,105 48.5 49.6 47.3
Living common-law 8,930 4,455 4,470 4.9 5.2 4.7 15 10 10 2.0 2.7 2.5 182,695 92,415 90,275 8.0 8.4 7.7
Living common law - Never married 6,610 3,285 3,325 3.6 3.8 3.5 15 10 5 2.0 2.7 1.3 142,340 72,100 70,240 6.3 6.5 6.0
Living common law - Separated 375 200 175 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,995 3,250 2,740 0.3 0.3 0.2
Living common law - Divorced 1,790 885 900 1.0 1.0 0.9 5 0 0 0.7 0.0 0.0 31,570 15,865 15,705 1.4 1.4 1.3
Living common law - Widowed 155 80 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,790 1,200 1,590 0.1 0.1 0.1
Not married and not living common-law 75,015 33,215 41,800 41.2 38.6 43.5 290 135 160 37.9 36.0 40.5 987,775 462,565 525,205 43.5 42.0 44.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married 51,525 26,695 24,830 28.3 31.0 25.9 220 120 100 28.8 32.0 25.3 694,885 371,015 323,865 30.6 33.7 27.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated 4,040 1,485 2,560 2.2 1.7 2.7 10 5 5 1.3 1.3 1.3 53,410 21,780 31,630 2.4 2.0 2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 10,945 3,455 7,495 6.0 4.0 7.8 35 5 25 4.6 1.3 6.3 134,670 49,055 85,615 5.9 4.5 7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 8,500 1,585 6,910 4.7 1.8 7.2 30 5 25 3.9 1.3 6.3 104,810 20,715 84,090 4.6 1.9 7.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 60,820 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 724,930 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
2 persons 29,455 ... ... 48.4 ... ... 105 ... ... 39.6 ... ... 359,330 ... ... 49.6 ... ...
3 persons 15,940 ... ... 26.2 ... ... 65 ... ... 24.5 ... ... 167,280 ... ... 23.1 ... ...
4 persons 12,065 ... ... 19.8 ... ... 70 ... ... 26.4 ... ... 150,890 ... ... 20.8 ... ...
5 or more persons 3,360 ... ... 5.5 ... ... 20 ... ... 7.5 ... ... 47,440 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.6 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 1.7 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 60,815 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 265 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 724,930 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total couple families 50,655 ... ... 83.3 ... ... 230 ... ... 86.8 ... ... 615,345 ... ... 84.9 ... ...
Married couples 46,185 ... ... 75.9 ... ... 225 ... ... 84.9 ... ... 524,010 ... ... 72.3 ... ...
With children6 26,855 ... ... 44.2 ... ... 145 ... ... 54.7 ... ... 303,525 ... ... 41.9 ... ...
Without children 19,340 ... ... 31.8 ... ... 80 ... ... 30.2 ... ... 220,485 ... ... 30.4 ... ...
Common-law couples 4,465 ... ... 7.3 ... ... 5 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 91,335 ... ... 12.6 ... ...
With children6 1,195 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 5 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 23,510 ... ... 3.2 ... ...
Without children 3,270 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 5 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 67,825 ... ... 9.4 ... ...
Total one-parent families 10,165 ... ... 16.7 ... ... 35 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 109,590 ... ... 15.1 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 8,380 ... ... 13.8 ... ... 30 ... ... 11.3 ... ... 87,695 ... ... 12.1 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 1,785 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 5 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 21,895 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 208,400 99,740 108,655 100.0 100.0 100.0 880 420 455 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,607,015 1,277,300 1,329,710 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total - Persons in census families 172,615 84,480 88,135 82.8 84.7 81.1 805 395 410 91.5 94.0 90.1 2,073,700 1,027,500 1,046,200 79.5 80.4 78.7
Married spouses or common-law partners 101,305 50,605 50,695 48.6 50.7 46.7 465 230 235 52.8 54.8 51.6 1,230,685 616,715 613,975 47.2 48.3 46.2
Parents in one-parent families 10,165 1,790 8,375 4.9 1.8 7.7 30 5 25 3.4 1.2 5.5 109,590 21,890 87,700 4.2 1.7 6.6
Children6 61,150 32,085 29,060 29.3 32.2 26.7 310 155 155 35.2 36.9 34.1 733,425 388,895 344,525 28.1 30.4 25.9
In a two-parent family 46,915 24,625 22,295 22.5 24.7 20.5 265 130 135 30.1 31.0 29.7 574,915 303,560 271,355 22.1 23.8 20.4
In a one-parent family 14,230 7,455 6,770 6.8 7.5 6.2 45 25 20 5.1 6.0 4.4 158,505 85,335 73,175 6.1 6.7 5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 35,780 15,260 20,520 17.2 15.3 18.9 75 35 45 8.5 8.3 9.9 533,310 249,805 283,510 20.5 19.6 21.3
Living alone 20,340 8,515 11,825 9.8 8.5 10.9 20 10 10 2.3 2.4 2.2 303,030 137,905 165,130 11.6 10.8 12.4
Living with other relatives7 7,180 2,425 4,760 3.4 2.4 4.4 35 10 25 4.0 2.4 5.5 83,900 32,035 51,870 3.2 2.5 3.9
Living with non-relatives only 8,265 4,320 3,940 4.0 4.3 3.6 25 15 10 2.8 3.6 2.2 146,385 79,865 66,515 5.6 6.3 5.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 81,080 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 255 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,043,315 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 48,475 ... ... 59.8 ... ... 175 ... ... 68.6 ... ... 580,980 ... ... 55.7 ... ...
Couple-family households 40,815 ... ... 50.3 ... ... 155 ... ... 60.8 ... ... 499,615 ... ... 47.9 ... ...
With children6 22,720 ... ... 28.0 ... ... 105 ... ... 41.2 ... ... 263,600 ... ... 25.3 ... ...
Without children 18,095 ... ... 22.3 ... ... 55 ... ... 21.6 ... ... 236,015 ... ... 22.6 ... ...
One-parent-family households 7,660 ... ... 9.4 ... ... 20 ... ... 7.8 ... ... 81,360 ... ... 7.8 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 4,490 ... ... 5.5 ... ... 35 ... ... 13.7 ... ... 49,135 ... ... 4.7 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 1,030 ... ... 1.3 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 11,915 ... ... 1.1 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 3,075 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 39,725 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 3,665 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 5 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 58,530 ... ... 5.6 ... ...
One-person households 20,345 ... ... 25.1 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 303,030 ... ... 29.0 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 180,475 85,470 95,005 100.0 100.0 100.0 765 370 395 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,235,455 1,085,355 1,150,100 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 174,465 82,520 91,945 96.7 96.5 96.8 735 350 385 96.1 94.6 97.5 2,160,680 1,049,160 1,111,515 96.7 96.7 96.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 34,000 37,600 31,800 34,000 37,600 31,800 32,800 34,000 32,000 32,800 34,000 32,000 40,800 46,400 36,400 40,800 46,400 36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 174,495 82,535 91,960 96.7 96.6 96.8 735 350 385 96.1 94.6 97.5 2,161,860 1,049,800 1,112,060 96.7 96.7 96.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 31,800 34,400 30,000 31,800 34,400 30,000 30,600 31,400 29,000 30,600 31,400 29,000 37,200 41,600 34,000 37,200 41,600 34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 153,935 73,450 80,495 85.3 85.9 84.7 640 310 330 83.7 83.8 83.5 1,936,905 952,805 984,100 86.6 87.8 85.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 27,600 33,600 22,800 27,600 33,600 22,800 26,000 29,400 23,400 26,000 29,400 23,400 36,400 44,400 30,000 36,400 44,400 30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 117,655 58,390 59,270 65.2 68.3 62.4 520 265 255 68.0 71.6 64.6 1,569,015 796,000 773,010 70.2 73.3 67.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 32,800 38,000 28,200 32,800 38,000 28,200 32,800 33,600 32,400 32,800 33,600 32,400 39,600 47,200 33,200 39,600 47,200 33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 149,505 67,550 81,960 82.8 79.0 86.3 635 290 340 83.0 78.4 86.1 1,770,635 808,310 962,325 79.2 74.5 83.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,700 7,850 9,300 8,700 7,850 9,300 8,300 8,400 8,300 8,300 8,400 8,300 8,600 7,650 9,300 8,600 7,650 9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 14,925 6,355 8,570 8.3 7.4 9.0 65 25 35 8.5 6.8 8.9 185,775 79,335 106,435 8.3 7.3 9.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,480 5,480 5,520 5,480 5,480 5,520 5,160 4,520 5,480 5,160 4,520 5,480 5,480 5,440 5,560 5,480 5,440 5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 54,060 25,720 28,340 30.0 30.1 29.8 255 120 130 33.3 32.4 32.9 632,110 302,505 329,610 28.3 27.9 28.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,000 10,000 10,600 10,000 10,000 10,600 10,500 10,000 11,500 10,500 10,000 11,500 8,500 8,000 9,000 8,500 8,000 9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 180,475 85,420 95,050 100.0 100.0 100.0 795 390 405 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,235,450 1,085,250 1,150,200 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 174,620 82,450 92,170 96.8 96.5 97.0 755 355 400 95.0 91.0 98.8 2,159,815 1,048,320 1,111,495 96.6 96.6 96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 46,640 53,150 40,800 46,640 53,150 40,800 45,300 50,800 40,400 45,300 50,800 40,400 56,650 66,300 47,520 56,650 66,300 47,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 174,645 82,460 92,180 96.8 96.5 97.0 755 355 400 95.0 91.0 98.8 2,160,985 1,048,945 1,112,040 96.7 96.7 96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 39,840 44,280 35,840 39,840 44,280 35,840 38,200 41,200 35,400 38,200 41,200 35,400 46,720 53,200 40,640 46,720 53,200 40,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 153,795 73,175 80,620 85.2 85.7 84.8 650 320 335 81.8 82.1 82.7 1,935,565 952,175 983,390 86.6 87.7 85.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 42,840 50,880 35,600 42,840 50,880 35,600 41,900 47,200 37,000 41,900 47,200 37,000 53,800 64,800 43,120 53,800 64,800 43,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 117,655 58,480 59,180 65.2 68.5 62.3 540 280 265 67.9 71.8 65.4 1,569,015 796,565 772,445 70.2 73.4 67.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 45,240 52,550 38,000 45,240 52,550 38,000 46,400 50,000 42,400 46,400 50,000 42,400 53,650 63,500 43,480 53,650 63,500 43,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 149,795 67,435 82,360 83.0 78.9 86.6 655 295 360 82.4 75.6 88.9 1,768,405 806,320 962,085 79.1 74.3 83.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,370 9,790 10,850 10,370 9,790 10,850 10,520 10,300 10,720 10,520 10,300 10,720 10,310 9,690 10,830 10,310 9,690 10,830
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 14,715 6,250 8,470 8.2 7.3 8.9 75 25 55 9.4 6.4 13.6 185,340 78,955 106,380 8.3 7.3 9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,530 5,965 6,950 6,530 5,965 6,950 7,200 10,000 5,400 7,200 10,000 5,400 6,490 5,720 7,060 6,490 5,720 7,060
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 54,680 25,955 28,735 30.3 30.4 30.2 255 135 125 32.1 34.6 30.9 630,145 301,340 328,810 28.2 27.8 28.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,230 10,100 10,350 10,230 10,100 10,350 10,800 9,800 12,000 10,800 9,800 12,000 9,390 9,270 9,500 9,390 9,270 9,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 180,475 85,420 95,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 795 390 405 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,235,445 1,085,250 1,150,200 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 50,420 27,845 22,575 27.9 32.6 23.7 225 115 110 28.3 29.5 27.2 728,635 412,070 316,570 32.6 38.0 27.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 61,600 66,000 57,200 61,600 66,000 57,200 59,200 58,400 71,000 59,200 58,400 71,000 66,500 72,500 60,000 66,500 72,500 60,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 74,400 81,900 65,200 74,400 81,900 65,200 79,500 84,000 74,000 79,500 84,000 74,000 82,600 92,300 69,900 82,600 92,300 69,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 49,995 22,590 27,405 27.7 26.4 28.8 220 100 120 27.7 25.6 29.6 636,030 288,460 347,570 28.5 26.6 30.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 15,600 17,400 14,700 15,600 17,400 14,700 14,300 12,200 21,200 14,300 12,200 21,200 19,000 21,200 17,400 19,000 21,200 17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 24,940 28,200 22,240 24,940 28,200 22,240 26,200 24,000 28,000 26,200 24,000 28,000 30,520 35,080 26,760 30,520 35,080 26,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 81.0 85.0 76.2 81.0 85.0 76.2 80.0 84.0 76.0 80.0 84.0 76.0 85.0 88.8 80.2 85.0 88.8 80.2
Employment income (%)19 65.4 70.2 59.8 65.4 70.2 59.8 73.5 77.0 69.0 73.5 77.0 69.0 68.8 72.8 63.6 68.8 72.8 63.6
Government transfers (%)20 19.1 15.1 23.8 19.1 15.1 23.8 20.2 16.8 23.8 20.2 16.8 23.8 14.9 11.2 19.7 14.9 11.2 19.7
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.2 0.9 1.6 1.2 0.9 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.0 0.7 1.4 1.0 0.7 1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 8.4 7.1 9.8 8.4 7.1 9.8 9.5 8.4 10.8 9.5 8.4 10.8 5.9 4.8 7.4 5.9 4.8 7.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 6.9 6.0 7.9 6.9 6.0 7.9 8.0 7.2 9.2 8.0 7.2 9.2 4.8 4.0 5.9 4.8 4.0 5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 180,475 85,470 95,005 100.0 100.0 100.0 765 375 395 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,235,460 1,085,355 1,150,105 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without total income 6,010 2,955 3,060 3.3 3.5 3.2 30 15 10 3.9 4.0 2.5 74,780 36,195 38,585 3.3 3.3 3.4
With total income 174,460 82,515 91,950 96.7 96.5 96.8 740 355 380 96.7 94.7 96.2 2,160,675 1,049,165 1,111,515 96.7 96.7 96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss) 24,470 10,780 13,690 14.0 13.1 14.9 115 40 75 15.5 11.3 19.7 229,760 100,650 129,105 10.6 9.6 11.6
$10,000 to $19,999 23,615 10,585 13,035 13.5 12.8 14.2 110 65 45 14.9 18.3 11.8 248,480 108,075 140,405 11.5 10.3 12.6
$20,000 to $29,999 29,215 12,625 16,585 16.7 15.3 18.0 125 60 65 16.9 16.9 17.1 325,665 138,935 186,735 15.1 13.2 16.8
$30,000 to $39,999 22,205 9,520 12,685 12.7 11.5 13.8 80 35 45 10.8 9.9 11.8 260,250 112,910 147,345 12.0 10.8 13.3
$40,000 to $49,999 17,670 7,935 9,730 10.1 9.6 10.6 70 25 40 9.5 7.0 10.5 222,385 99,405 122,980 10.3 9.5 11.1
$50,000 to $59,999 13,645 6,400 7,245 7.8 7.8 7.9 50 25 20 6.8 7.0 5.3 184,935 85,970 98,965 8.6 8.2 8.9
$60,000 to $69,999 10,290 5,160 5,130 5.9 6.3 5.6 40 20 20 5.4 5.6 5.3 146,880 74,635 72,245 6.8 7.1 6.5
$70,000 to $79,999 7,745 4,150 3,590 4.4 5.0 3.9 55 30 30 7.4 8.5 7.9 115,620 63,075 52,545 5.4 6.0 4.7
$80,000 to $89,999 6,255 3,405 2,850 3.6 4.1 3.1 15 10 5 2.0 2.8 1.3 91,245 51,605 39,635 4.2 4.9 3.6
$90,000 to $99,999 4,630 2,615 2,010 2.7 3.2 2.2 15 15 5 2.0 4.2 1.3 72,940 41,530 31,415 3.4 4.0 2.8
$100,000 and over 14,725 9,340 5,390 8.4 11.3 5.9 60 35 25 8.1 9.9 6.6 262,520 172,375 90,140 12.1 16.4 8.1
$100,000 to $149,999 9,970 6,025 3,940 5.7 7.3 4.3 40 20 20 5.4 5.6 5.3 164,230 102,590 61,635 7.6 9.8 5.5
$150,000 and over 4,755 3,310 1,450 2.7 4.0 1.6 15 10 5 2.0 2.8 1.3 98,290 69,785 28,500 4.5 6.7 2.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 180,475 85,470 95,005 100.0 100.0 100.0 765 375 395 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,235,460 1,085,355 1,150,105 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without after-tax income 5,975 2,935 3,045 3.3 3.4 3.2 30 15 10 3.9 4.0 2.5 73,600 35,560 38,035 3.3 3.3 3.3
With after-tax income 174,500 82,535 91,960 96.7 96.6 96.8 740 355 380 96.7 94.7 96.2 2,161,860 1,049,795 1,112,065 96.7 96.7 96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss) 25,085 11,025 14,055 14.4 13.4 15.3 115 40 75 15.5 11.3 19.7 238,430 104,275 134,155 11.0 9.9 12.1
$10,000 to $19,999 24,390 10,955 13,435 14.0 13.3 14.6 110 65 45 14.9 18.3 11.8 256,780 111,790 144,990 11.9 10.6 13.0
$20,000 to $29,999 32,540 14,100 18,445 18.6 17.1 20.1 135 65 70 18.2 18.3 18.4 365,930 157,105 208,820 16.9 15.0 18.8
$30,000 to $39,999 24,910 10,945 13,970 14.3 13.3 15.2 100 45 55 13.5 12.7 14.5 299,665 132,205 167,460 13.9 12.6 15.1
$40,000 to $49,999 19,480 8,865 10,615 11.2 10.7 11.5 60 25 35 8.1 7.0 9.2 255,155 116,795 138,360 11.8 11.1 12.4
$50,000 to $59,999 14,180 6,975 7,210 8.1 8.5 7.8 65 35 25 8.8 9.9 6.6 200,175 99,735 100,445 9.3 9.5 9.0
$60,000 to $69,999 10,080 5,415 4,660 5.8 6.6 5.1 55 20 30 7.4 5.6 7.9 147,710 80,535 67,175 6.8 7.7 6.0
$70,000 to $79,999 7,170 3,940 3,230 4.1 4.8 3.5 30 15 15 4.1 4.2 3.9 109,585 62,060 47,525 5.1 5.9 4.3
$80,000 to $89,999 5,195 2,985 2,210 3.0 3.6 2.4 15 10 5 2.0 2.8 1.3 80,250 46,660 33,590 3.7 4.4 3.0
$90,000 to $99,999 3,375 1,975 1,400 1.9 2.4 1.5 20 15 5 2.7 4.2 1.3 54,010 33,095 20,915 2.5 3.2 1.9
$100,000 and over 8,085 5,355 2,735 4.6 6.5 3.0 25 20 10 3.4 5.6 2.6 154,165 105,535 48,625 7.1 10.1 4.4
$100,000 to $124,999 4,150 2,590 1,555 2.4 3.1 1.7 15 10 5 2.0 2.8 1.3 72,800 47,770 25,025 3.4 4.6 2.3
$125,000 and over 3,930 2,760 1,175 2.3 3.3 1.3 15 10 0 2.0 2.8 0.0 81,370 57,765 23,600 3.8 5.5 2.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 180,475 85,470 95,005 100.0 100.0 100.0 765 375 395 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,235,460 1,085,355 1,150,105 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without employment income 62,820 27,080 35,735 34.8 31.7 37.6 245 105 135 32.0 28.0 34.2 666,445 289,355 377,090 29.8 26.7 32.8
With employment income 117,660 58,385 59,270 65.2 68.3 62.4 525 265 255 68.6 70.7 64.6 1,569,010 796,005 773,010 70.2 73.3 67.2
Under $5,000 (including loss) 17,965 8,110 9,855 15.3 13.9 16.6 85 40 45 16.2 15.1 17.6 203,790 92,590 111,200 13.0 11.6 14.4
$5,000 to $9,999 12,075 5,295 6,775 10.3 9.1 11.4 50 20 30 9.5 7.5 11.8 130,600 56,325 74,275 8.3 7.1 9.6
$10,000 to $19,999 15,145 6,870 8,275 12.9 11.8 14.0 70 45 25 13.3 17.0 9.8 182,310 80,525 101,785 11.6 10.1 13.2
$20,000 to $29,999 10,595 4,895 5,700 9.0 8.4 9.6 35 20 15 6.7 7.5 5.9 137,610 62,335 75,280 8.8 7.8 9.7
$30,000 to $39,999 10,440 4,895 5,550 8.9 8.4 9.4 55 20 35 10.5 7.5 13.7 135,255 61,730 73,530 8.6 7.8 9.5
$40,000 to $49,999 10,270 4,755 5,515 8.7 8.1 9.3 40 20 20 7.6 7.5 7.8 134,010 63,060 70,945 8.5 7.9 9.2
$50,000 to $59,999 9,045 4,505 4,545 7.7 7.7 7.7 35 15 15 6.7 5.7 5.9 126,735 61,655 65,080 8.1 7.7 8.4
$60,000 to $69,999 7,260 3,830 3,430 6.2 6.6 5.8 30 15 15 5.7 5.7 5.9 105,025 56,610 48,415 6.7 7.1 6.3
$70,000 to $79,999 5,550 3,115 2,440 4.7 5.3 4.1 45 20 25 8.6 7.5 9.8 85,095 48,620 36,475 5.4 6.1 4.7
$80,000 to $89,999 4,645 2,675 1,970 3.9 4.6 3.3 15 10 10 2.9 3.8 3.9 70,465 41,075 29,395 4.5 5.2 3.8
$90,000 to $99,999 3,660 2,115 1,545 3.1 3.6 2.6 20 15 5 3.8 5.7 2.0 58,530 34,060 24,465 3.7 4.3 3.2
$100,000 and over 11,000 7,330 3,670 9.3 12.6 6.2 45 25 15 8.6 9.4 5.9 199,585 137,420 62,160 12.7 17.3 8.0
$100,000 to $124,999 5,290 3,285 2,000 4.5 5.6 3.4 20 10 10 3.8 3.8 3.9 86,360 54,985 31,380 5.5 6.9 4.1
$125,000 and over 5,710 4,040 1,670 4.9 6.9 2.8 20 15 5 3.8 5.7 2.0 113,225 82,440 30,785 7.2 10.4 4.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 180,475 85,470 95,005 100.0 100.0 100.0 765 370 395 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,235,455 1,085,355 1,150,100 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 168,640 79,550 89,085 93.4 93.1 93.8 715 340 375 93.5 91.9 94.9 2,087,955 1,010,945 1,077,005 93.4 93.1 93.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 31,400 36,000 28,000 31,400 36,000 28,000 29,000 32,400 25,400 29,000 32,400 25,400 38,400 45,200 33,200 38,400 45,200 33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 168,960 79,655 89,305 93.6 93.2 94.0 715 340 375 93.5 91.9 94.9 2,092,110 1,011,925 1,080,185 93.6 93.2 93.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 29,000 32,400 26,400 29,000 32,400 26,400 26,800 30,000 24,400 26,800 30,000 24,400 34,400 40,000 30,400 34,400 40,000 30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 152,540 72,795 79,750 84.5 85.2 83.9 630 310 315 82.4 83.8 79.7 1,907,325 936,490 970,835 85.3 86.3 84.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 31,000 36,400 26,800 31,000 36,400 26,800 30,800 33,200 30,200 30,800 33,200 30,200 37,600 45,200 31,600 37,600 45,200 31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 120,505 59,380 61,125 66.8 69.5 64.3 525 270 255 68.6 73.0 64.6 1,592,300 802,110 790,185 71.2 73.9 68.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 34,400 39,200 30,200 34,400 39,200 30,200 34,800 37,200 32,000 34,800 37,200 32,000 38,800 46,400 32,800 38,800 46,400 32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 120,280 51,230 69,050 66.6 59.9 72.7 515 220 295 67.3 59.5 74.7 1,393,380 593,275 800,115 62.3 54.7 69.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 2,000 1,160 3,400 2,000 1,160 3,400 1,820 1,130 2,640 1,820 1,130 2,640 3,040 1,620 4,360 3,040 1,620 4,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 7,080 2,680 4,400 3.9 3.1 4.6 25 10 15 3.3 2.7 3.8 110,515 44,125 66,395 4.9 4.1 5.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 5,640 5,080 6,160 5,640 5,080 6,160 6,750 x x 6,750 x x 5,480 4,760 6,120 5,480 4,760 6,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 180,475 85,420 95,050 100.0 100.0 100.0 795 390 405 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,235,450 1,085,250 1,150,200 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 168,795 79,410 89,385 93.5 93.0 94.0 725 330 395 91.2 84.6 97.5 2,086,875 1,010,335 1,076,540 93.4 93.1 93.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 44,040 51,000 37,880 44,040 51,000 37,880 46,300 55,200 38,600 46,300 55,200 38,600 54,250 64,600 44,560 54,250 64,600 44,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 169,065 79,495 89,575 93.7 93.1 94.2 725 330 395 91.2 84.6 97.5 2,090,930 1,011,220 1,079,710 93.5 93.2 93.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 37,280 42,240 32,880 37,280 42,240 32,880 37,900 42,600 33,800 37,900 42,600 33,800 44,440 51,650 37,720 44,440 51,650 37,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 152,200 72,430 79,770 84.3 84.8 83.9 620 305 310 78.0 78.2 76.5 1,905,655 935,925 969,735 85.2 86.2 84.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 43,760 51,750 36,520 43,760 51,750 36,520 49,400 56,400 42,400 49,400 56,400 42,400 54,250 65,500 43,320 54,250 65,500 43,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 120,435 59,240 61,195 66.7 69.4 64.4 555 275 275 69.8 70.5 67.9 1,592,505 802,890 789,625 71.2 74.0 68.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 44,920 52,500 37,600 44,920 52,500 37,600 50,600 57,600 43,600 50,600 57,600 43,600 52,300 62,250 42,160 52,300 62,250 42,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 120,475 50,915 69,565 66.8 59.6 73.2 535 235 300 67.3 60.3 74.1 1,391,425 591,290 800,135 62.2 54.5 69.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,430 5,950 6,790 6,430 5,950 6,790 5,700 5,080 6,160 5,700 5,080 6,160 7,120 6,710 7,420 7,120 6,710 7,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 6,980 2,670 4,305 3.9 3.1 4.5 25 0 20 3.1 0.0 4.9 110,385 44,295 66,090 4.9 4.1 5.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,420 6,335 8,090 7,420 6,335 8,090 5,600 ... 6,000 5,600 ... 6,000 7,320 5,965 8,220 7,320 5,965 8,220
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 180,475 85,420 95,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 795 390 405 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,235,445 1,085,250 1,150,200 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 50,000 27,620 22,380 27.7 32.3 23.5 225 115 110 28.3 29.5 27.2 719,975 406,860 313,125 32.2 37.5 27.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 57,200 62,400 52,000 57,200 62,400 52,000 52,000 49,200 56,000 52,000 49,200 56,000 61,600 68,500 54,800 61,600 68,500 54,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 69,100 76,700 59,750 69,100 76,700 59,750 79,000 90,000 67,000 79,000 90,000 67,000 76,800 86,700 63,950 76,800 86,700 63,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 47,000 21,125 25,875 26.0 24.7 27.2 195 85 105 24.5 21.8 25.9 596,215 270,110 326,110 26.7 24.9 28.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 24,000 26,000 22,200 24,000 26,000 22,200 34,400 34,400 35,200 34,400 34,400 35,200 25,400 28,400 23,200 25,400 28,400 23,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 31,760 36,120 28,160 31,760 36,120 28,160 38,000 37,000 38,500 38,000 37,000 38,500 36,600 42,480 31,760 36,600 42,480 31,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 89.6 92.6 86.0 89.6 92.6 86.0 91.0 94.0 88.0 91.0 94.0 88.0 91.2 94.0 87.6 91.2 94.0 87.6
Employment income (%) 72.8 76.8 68.0 72.8 76.8 68.0 83.0 86.0 80.0 83.0 86.0 80.0 73.6 76.6 69.4 73.6 76.6 69.4
Government transfers (%) 10.4 7.5 14.0 10.4 7.5 14.0 9.1 6.5 12.2 9.1 6.5 12.2 8.7 6.1 12.4 8.7 6.1 12.4
Employment insurance benefits (%) 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.4 x 0.9 0.4 x 0.9 0.7 0.4 1.1 0.7 0.4 1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 81,080 ... ... ... ... ... 255 ... ... ... ... ... 1,043,320 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 79,000 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 71,000 ... ... 71,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 79,500 ... ... 79,500 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 20,345 ... ... ... ... ... 15 ... ... ... ... ... 303,030 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 39,200 ... ... 39,200 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 45,600 ... ... 45,600 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 36,000 ... ... 36,000 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 41,200 ... ... 41,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 60,740 ... ... ... ... ... 240 ... ... ... ... ... 740,285 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 97,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 119,000 ... ... 119,000 ... ... 114,000 ... ... 114,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 87,000 ... ... 87,000 ... ... 108,000 ... ... 108,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 81,080 ... ... ... ... ... 260 ... ... ... ... ... 1,043,320 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 100,500 ... ... 100,500 ... ... 132,000 ... ... 132,000 ... ... 117,300 ... ... 117,300 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 85,800 ... ... 85,800 ... ... 111,000 ... ... 111,000 ... ... 96,800 ... ... 96,800 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 20,345 ... ... ... ... ... 20 ... ... ... ... ... 302,895 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 50,360 ... ... 50,360 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 59,550 ... ... 59,550 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 42,120 ... ... 42,120 ... ... 72,000 ... ... 72,000 ... ... 49,160 ... ... 49,160 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 60,735 ... ... ... ... ... 240 ... ... ... ... ... 740,425 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 117,200 ... ... 117,200 ... ... 135,000 ... ... 135,000 ... ... 140,800 ... ... 140,800 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 100,400 ... ... 100,400 ... ... 115,000 ... ... 115,000 ... ... 116,300 ... ... 116,300 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 81,080 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 255 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,043,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 2,445 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 20,105 ... ... 1.9 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 990 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 8,225 ... ... 0.8 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 1,080 ... ... 1.3 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 10,585 ... ... 1.0 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 1,730 ... ... 2.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 20,590 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 3,525 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 5 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 39,230 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 2,605 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 5 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 30,285 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 2,960 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 30,830 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 3,515 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 35,445 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 3,025 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 5 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 33,750 ... ... 3.2 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 2,935 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 5 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 33,710 ... ... 3.2 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 5,590 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 68,050 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 5,470 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 66,550 ... ... 6.4 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 5,190 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 64,050 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 4,800 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 5 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 60,070 ... ... 5.8 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 4,370 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 55,585 ... ... 5.3 ... ...
$100,000 and over 30,845 ... ... 38.0 ... ... 150 ... ... 58.8 ... ... 466,250 ... ... 44.7 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 8,795 ... ... 10.8 ... ... 30 ... ... 11.8 ... ... 118,385 ... ... 11.3 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 6,540 ... ... 8.1 ... ... 25 ... ... 9.8 ... ... 92,470 ... ... 8.9 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 7,945 ... ... 9.8 ... ... 50 ... ... 19.6 ... ... 120,095 ... ... 11.5 ... ...
$200,000 and over 7,570 ... ... 9.3 ... ... 40 ... ... 15.7 ... ... 135,305 ... ... 13.0 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 81,080 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 255 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,043,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 2,665 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 22,790 ... ... 2.2 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 1,000 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 8,405 ... ... 0.8 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 1,095 ... ... 1.4 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 10,875 ... ... 1.0 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 1,825 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 5 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 21,425 ... ... 2.1 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 3,685 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 5 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 41,415 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 2,915 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 5 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 34,225 ... ... 3.3 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 3,265 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 5 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 35,420 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 3,900 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 40,580 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 3,370 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 39,605 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 3,375 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 5 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 40,015 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 6,420 ... ... 7.9 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 80,010 ... ... 7.7 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 6,365 ... ... 7.9 ... ... 20 ... ... 7.8 ... ... 77,200 ... ... 7.4 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 5,770 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 72,480 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 5,170 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 66,915 ... ... 6.4 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 4,585 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 60,370 ... ... 5.8 ... ...
$100,000 and over 25,670 ... ... 31.7 ... ... 135 ... ... 52.9 ... ... 391,580 ... ... 37.5 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 8,890 ... ... 11.0 ... ... 35 ... ... 13.7 ... ... 124,245 ... ... 11.9 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 6,110 ... ... 7.5 ... ... 30 ... ... 11.8 ... ... 89,890 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
$150,000 and over 10,670 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 65 ... ... 25.5 ... ... 177,450 ... ... 17.0 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 58,620 ... ... ... ... ... 240 ... ... ... ... ... 700,885 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 96,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ... 119,000 ... ... 119,000 ... ... 113,000 ... ... 113,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 86,000 ... ... 86,000 ... ... 107,000 ... ... 107,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 3.1 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 3.1 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 18,850 ... ... ... ... ... 55 ... ... ... ... ... 247,460 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 77,500 ... ... 77,500 ... ... 65,000 ... ... 65,000 ... ... 99,000 ... ... 99,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 70,500 ... ... 70,500 ... ... 62,000 ... ... 62,000 ... ... 87,000 ... ... 87,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 28,100 ... ... ... ... ... 145 ... ... ... ... ... 326,565 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 121,000 ... ... 121,000 ... ... 147,000 ... ... 147,000 ... ... 141,000 ... ... 141,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 107,000 ... ... 107,000 ... ... 127,000 ... ... 127,000 ... ... 123,000 ... ... 123,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 4.0 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 9,070 ... ... ... ... ... 25 ... ... ... ... ... 97,675 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 67,000 ... ... 67,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 73,500 ... ... 73,500 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 62,400 ... ... 62,400 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 67,500 ... ... 67,500 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 28,605 12,840 15,765 ... ... ... 40 25 15 ... ... ... 449,415 217,770 231,645 ... ... ...
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 35,600 37,600 34,400 35,600 37,600 34,400 29,200 27,000 x 29,200 27,000 x 40,000 41,600 38,800 40,000 41,600 38,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 33,200 34,400 32,000 33,200 34,400 32,000 26,400 25,600 x 26,400 25,600 x 36,800 37,600 36,000 36,800 37,600 36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 58,585 ... ... ... ... ... 235 ... ... ... ... ... 700,360 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 116,700 ... ... 116,700 ... ... 135,000 ... ... 135,000 ... ... 141,000 ... ... 141,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 99,800 ... ... 99,800 ... ... 115,000 ... ... 115,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 18,805 ... ... ... ... ... 55 ... ... ... ... ... 246,715 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 94,400 ... ... 94,400 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 125,700 ... ... 125,700 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 80,800 ... ... 80,800 ... ... 74,000 ... ... 74,000 ... ... 102,600 ... ... 102,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 28,175 ... ... ... ... ... 150 ... ... ... ... ... 326,830 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 144,200 ... ... 144,200 ... ... 164,000 ... ... 164,000 ... ... 169,600 ... ... 169,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 122,100 ... ... 122,100 ... ... 138,000 ... ... 138,000 ... ... 138,600 ... ... 138,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 8,950 ... ... ... ... ... 30 ... ... ... ... ... 96,940 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 78,500 ... ... 78,500 ... ... 80,000 ... ... 80,000 ... ... 88,400 ... ... 88,400 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 69,800 ... ... 69,800 ... ... 72,000 ... ... 72,000 ... ... 76,300 ... ... 76,300 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 28,455 12,715 15,740 ... ... ... 30 20 15 ... ... ... 448,025 216,430 231,595 ... ... ...
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 45,920 49,400 43,120 45,920 49,400 43,120 68,000 100,000 32,000 68,000 100,000 32,000 52,650 55,400 50,040 52,650 55,400 50,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 38,960 40,520 37,760 38,960 40,520 37,760 52,000 70,000 18,000 52,000 70,000 18,000 44,160 45,800 42,640 44,160 45,800 42,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 208,395 99,740 108,660 100.0 100.0 100.0 880 425 460 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,607,010 1,277,305 1,329,710 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 34,010 17,435 16,580 16.3 17.5 15.3 145 70 75 16.5 16.5 16.3 451,730 233,415 218,310 17.3 18.3 16.4
0 to 5 years 10,525 5,440 5,080 5.1 5.5 4.7 40 20 20 4.5 4.7 4.3 139,005 71,305 67,700 5.3 5.6 5.1
18 to 64 years 133,700 63,370 70,340 64.2 63.5 64.7 575 280 295 65.3 65.9 64.1 1,716,485 841,060 875,425 65.8 65.8 65.8
65 years and over 40,685 18,940 21,745 19.5 19.0 20.0 160 75 85 18.2 17.6 18.5 438,795 202,825 235,970 16.8 15.9 17.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 33,225 15,200 18,020 ... ... ... 110 50 55 ... ... ... 289,615 135,575 154,040 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 5,730 2,980 2,750 ... ... ... 20 10 10 ... ... ... 52,575 27,390 25,185 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 1,805 940 865 ... ... ... 5 0 0 ... ... ... 15,240 7,785 7,455 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 19,585 8,840 10,750 ... ... ... 75 35 35 ... ... ... 174,150 82,185 91,970 ... ... ...
65 years and over 7,910 3,380 4,525 ... ... ... 20 10 10 ... ... ... 62,895 26,005 36,885 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 15.9 15.2 16.6 15.9 15.2 16.6 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.4 11.1 10.6 11.6 11.1 10.6 11.6
0 to 17 years (%) 16.8 17.1 16.6 16.8 17.1 16.6 14.0 12.0 14.0 14.0 12.0 14.0 11.6 11.7 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.5
0 to 5 years (%) 17.2 17.3 17.0 17.2 17.3 17.0 x x x x x x 11.0 10.9 11.0 11.0 10.9 11.0
18 to 64 years (%) 14.6 14.0 15.3 14.6 14.0 15.3 12.8 12.0 13.0 12.8 12.0 13.0 10.2 9.8 10.5 10.2 9.8 10.5
65 years and over (%) 19.4 17.9 20.8 19.4 17.9 20.8 10.0 12.0 10.0 10.0 12.0 10.0 14.3 12.8 15.6 14.3 12.8 15.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 208,400 99,740 108,655 100.0 100.0 100.0 880 420 455 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,596,300 1,272,125 1,324,175 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 34,010 17,435 16,575 16.3 17.5 15.3 145 70 75 16.5 16.7 16.5 449,990 232,490 217,495 17.3 18.3 16.4
0 to 5 years 10,520 5,440 5,080 5.0 5.5 4.7 40 20 20 4.5 4.8 4.4 138,435 71,020 67,415 5.3 5.6 5.1
18 to 64 years 133,705 63,365 70,335 64.2 63.5 64.7 570 275 290 64.8 65.5 63.7 1,709,765 837,800 871,965 65.9 65.9 65.8
65 years and over 40,685 18,935 21,745 19.5 19.0 20.0 165 75 90 18.8 17.9 19.8 436,545 201,830 234,720 16.8 15.9 17.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 21,725 10,280 11,440 ... ... ... 65 30 35 ... ... ... 200,160 98,875 101,285 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 3,530 1,895 1,635 ... ... ... 15 5 10 ... ... ... 31,010 16,225 14,785 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 1,060 570 490 ... ... ... 0 0 0 ... ... ... 8,255 4,250 4,005 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 14,650 6,840 7,810 ... ... ... 45 20 20 ... ... ... 143,600 71,515 72,090 ... ... ...
65 years and over 3,545 1,550 1,995 ... ... ... 10 0 5 ... ... ... 25,555 11,140 14,410 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 10.4 10.3 10.5 10.4 10.3 10.5 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.7
0 to 17 years (%) 10.4 10.9 9.9 10.4 10.9 9.9 9.0 x 10.0 9.0 x 10.0 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.9 7.0 6.8
0 to 5 years (%) 10.1 10.4 9.7 10.1 10.4 9.7 x x x x x x 6.0 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.0 5.9
18 to 64 years (%) 11.0 10.8 11.1 11.0 10.8 11.1 8.4 8.5 8.0 8.4 8.5 8.0 8.4 8.5 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.3
65 years and over (%) 8.7 8.2 9.2 8.7 8.2 9.2 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.9 5.5 6.1 5.9 5.5 6.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 208,400 99,740 108,660 100.0 100.0 100.0 880 425 460 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,607,010 1,277,305 1,329,710 100.0 100.0 100.0
In bottom half of the distribution 109,400 51,155 58,245 52.5 51.3 53.6 355 170 190 40.3 40.0 41.3 1,160,745 554,335 606,410 44.5 43.4 45.6
In bottom decile 30,600 14,235 16,365 14.7 14.3 15.1 95 45 45 10.8 10.6 9.8 286,250 137,510 148,735 11.0 10.8 11.2
In second decile 21,905 10,065 11,840 10.5 10.1 10.9 70 35 35 8.0 8.2 7.6 218,965 101,905 117,060 8.4 8.0 8.8
In third decile 19,610 9,205 10,410 9.4 9.2 9.6 50 20 25 5.7 4.7 5.4 211,650 100,865 110,790 8.1 7.9 8.3
In fourth decile 18,615 8,825 9,785 8.9 8.8 9.0 50 25 25 5.7 5.9 5.4 215,485 103,580 111,905 8.3 8.1 8.4
In fifth decile 18,670 8,830 9,845 9.0 8.9 9.1 90 40 45 10.2 9.4 9.8 228,400 110,475 117,925 8.8 8.6 8.9
In top half of the distribution 98,995 48,580 50,410 47.5 48.7 46.4 525 255 270 59.7 60.0 58.7 1,446,270 722,965 723,300 55.5 56.6 54.4
In sixth decile 18,680 8,920 9,760 9.0 8.9 9.0 95 45 55 10.8 10.6 12.0 240,740 117,895 122,845 9.2 9.2 9.2
In seventh decile 19,475 9,515 9,955 9.3 9.5 9.2 130 65 60 14.8 15.3 13.0 257,800 127,340 130,460 9.9 10.0 9.8
In eighth decile 19,850 9,720 10,130 9.5 9.7 9.3 105 50 50 11.9 11.8 10.9 279,315 139,075 140,240 10.7 10.9 10.5
In ninth decile 20,525 10,145 10,385 9.8 10.2 9.6 105 50 55 11.9 11.8 12.0 309,635 155,670 153,965 11.9 12.2 11.6
In top decile 20,465 10,280 10,180 9.8 10.3 9.4 90 45 45 10.2 10.6 9.8 358,770 182,985 175,785 13.8 14.3 13.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 208,395 ... ... 208,395 ... ... 880 ... ... 880 ... ... 2,607,015 ... ... 2,607,015 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.357 ... ... 0.357 ... ... 0.295 ... ... 0.295 ... ... 0.366 ... ... 0.366 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.467 ... ... 0.467 ... ... 0.406 ... ... 0.406 ... ... 0.459 ... ... 0.459 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.321 ... ... 0.321 ... ... 0.270 ... ... 0.270 ... ... 0.321 ... ... 0.321 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 4.6 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 209,040 99,955 109,085 100.0 100.0 100.0 880 420 455 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,619,420 1,283,490 1,335,935 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 177,825 86,650 91,170 85.1 86.7 83.6 745 365 385 84.7 86.9 84.6 2,307,135 1,148,625 1,158,505 88.1 89.5 86.7
French only 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,095 505 585 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and French 9,270 4,275 4,995 4.4 4.3 4.6 15 10 5 1.7 2.4 1.1 170,965 76,685 94,280 6.5 6.0 7.1
Neither English nor French 21,870 8,980 12,890 10.5 9.0 11.8 125 55 70 14.2 13.1 15.4 140,240 57,675 82,565 5.4 4.5 6.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 209,040 99,955 109,085 100.0 100.0 100.0 880 420 455 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,619,420 1,283,490 1,335,935 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 185,175 90,005 95,170 88.6 90.0 87.2 755 370 385 85.8 88.1 84.6 2,441,160 1,207,410 1,233,750 93.2 94.1 92.4
French 1,070 560 515 0.5 0.6 0.5 5 0 0 0.6 0.0 0.0 25,925 12,960 12,965 1.0 1.0 1.0
English and French 1,200 540 665 0.6 0.5 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,255 6,470 7,785 0.5 0.5 0.6
Neither English nor French 21,585 8,845 12,745 10.3 8.8 11.7 120 55 70 13.6 13.1 15.4 138,090 56,660 81,425 5.3 4.4 6.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 209,040 99,955 109,085 100.0 100.0 100.0 880 420 455 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,619,420 1,283,490 1,335,935 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 195,280 93,455 101,830 93.4 93.5 93.3 805 395 415 91.5 94.0 91.2 2,476,420 1,214,835 1,261,585 94.5 94.7 94.4
Official languages 66,410 34,520 31,885 31.8 34.5 29.2 205 100 105 23.3 23.8 23.1 1,365,700 696,455 669,240 52.1 54.3 50.1
English 65,440 34,020 31,425 31.3 34.0 28.8 200 100 100 22.7 23.8 22.0 1,340,995 683,970 657,020 51.2 53.3 49.2
French 965 505 460 0.5 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,710 12,490 12,225 0.9 1.0 0.9
Non-official languages 128,870 58,930 69,940 61.6 59.0 64.1 605 290 310 68.8 69.0 68.1 1,110,720 518,375 592,345 42.4 40.4 44.3
Indigenous languages39 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 260 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 125 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 90 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 90 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 128,860 58,920 69,940 61.6 58.9 64.1 605 290 310 68.8 69.0 68.1 1,110,165 518,120 592,040 42.4 40.4 44.3
Afro-Asiatic languages 2,165 1,130 1,040 1.0 1.1 1.0 20 10 5 2.3 2.4 1.1 26,995 14,310 12,685 1.0 1.1 0.9
Berber languages 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 55 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 170 80 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,715 870 845 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 130 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 150 65 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,400 695 705 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 1,985 1,040 945 0.9 1.0 0.9 20 10 5 2.3 2.4 1.1 25,150 13,350 11,795 1.0 1.0 0.9
Amharic 50 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,320 640 675 0.1 0.0 0.1
Arabic 1,555 820 730 0.7 0.8 0.7 20 10 5 2.3 2.4 1.1 18,130 9,640 8,485 0.7 0.8 0.6
Aramaic languages 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,440 730 705 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 540 275 260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 780 390 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 230 120 115 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,925 1,085 840 0.1 0.1 0.1
Maltese 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,240 1,205 1,030 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 1,110 470 645 0.5 0.5 0.6 10 0 5 1.1 0.0 1.1 28,110 12,505 15,600 1.1 1.0 1.2
Khmer (Cambodian) 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,210 535 675 0.0 0.0 0.1
Vietnamese 1,080 455 620 0.5 0.5 0.6 10 0 5 1.1 0.0 1.1 26,850 11,945 14,900 1.0 0.9 1.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 9,370 4,075 5,290 4.5 4.1 4.8 50 25 20 5.7 6.0 4.4 85,375 35,505 49,870 3.3 2.8 3.7
Bikol 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 345 140 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 85 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,025 420 605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 280 125 160 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,615 1,070 1,545 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 130 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 155 65 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 0 0.6 1.2 0.0 1,595 645 955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ilocano 425 195 235 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,425 2,275 3,155 0.2 0.2 0.2
Indonesian 335 155 175 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,665 1,610 2,050 0.1 0.1 0.2
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 70 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 40 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 140 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 115 50 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 725 325 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 345 145 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 7,735 3,345 4,390 3.7 3.3 4.0 40 20 20 4.5 4.8 4.4 67,790 28,045 39,745 2.6 2.2 3.0
Waray-Waray 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 105 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 730 335 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 640 310 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 315 140 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 640 325 315 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,510 5,645 4,870 0.4 0.4 0.4
Kannada 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 480 245 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 225 105 115 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,115 1,630 1,490 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 270 140 130 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,500 2,345 2,155 0.2 0.2 0.2
Telugu 110 60 45 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,335 1,385 950 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tulu 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 85 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 17,685 8,570 9,115 8.5 8.6 8.4 70 35 35 8.0 8.3 7.7 474,005 232,735 241,270 18.1 18.1 18.1
Albanian 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,150 590 560 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 85 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,185 570 615 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 3,175 1,480 1,700 1.5 1.5 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,960 26,435 30,525 2.2 2.1 2.3
Baltic languages 30 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 265 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 130 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 135 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 3,150 1,460 1,695 1.5 1.5 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,340 26,170 30,165 2.2 2.0 2.3
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,680 790 890 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czech 125 65 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,365 1,580 1,785 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 125 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 295 135 155 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,645 4,900 5,745 0.4 0.4 0.4
Russian 1,920 880 1,035 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,685 9,380 11,310 0.8 0.7 0.8
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 435 220 215 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,295 6,560 6,735 0.5 0.5 0.5
Bosnian 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,345 655 685 0.1 0.1 0.1
Croatian 185 100 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,990 2,385 2,600 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbian 205 100 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,715 3,390 3,325 0.3 0.3 0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 130 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,215 965 1,240 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovene (Slovenian) 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 475 220 260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 265 105 155 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,650 1,610 2,045 0.1 0.1 0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 120 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 55 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 1,455 725 730 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,225 14,375 15,850 1.2 1.1 1.2
Frisian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 995 495 500 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,910 8,910 10,000 0.7 0.7 0.7
German 950 470 485 0.5 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,090 8,520 9,565 0.7 0.7 0.7
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 665 310 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 75 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 310 155 155 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,840 3,825 4,020 0.3 0.3 0.3
Afrikaans 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,500 745 755 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dutch 255 130 125 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,005 2,915 3,085 0.2 0.2 0.2
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 80 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 140 75 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,380 1,600 1,785 0.1 0.1 0.1
Danish 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,525 745 785 0.1 0.1 0.1
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 50 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 635 290 345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,110 510 595 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 215 115 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,295 2,210 2,085 0.2 0.2 0.2
Indo-Iranian languages 9,440 4,585 4,855 4.5 4.6 4.5 60 30 30 6.8 7.1 6.6 294,870 146,860 148,010 11.3 11.4 11.1
Indo-Aryan languages 8,185 3,965 4,220 3.9 4.0 3.9 55 25 25 6.3 6.0 5.5 236,465 117,710 118,750 9.0 9.2 8.9
Assamese 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 250 135 120 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,870 2,125 1,750 0.1 0.2 0.1
Gujarati 450 205 245 0.2 0.2 0.2 5 5 0 0.6 1.2 0.0 7,075 3,515 3,555 0.3 0.3 0.3
Hindi 1,115 525 595 0.5 0.5 0.5 5 0 5 0.6 0.0 1.1 27,990 13,815 14,175 1.1 1.1 1.1
Kacchi 140 65 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,125 480 645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 120 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,370 700 670 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,270 645 625 0.0 0.1 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 4,990 2,410 2,585 2.4 2.4 2.4 35 15 20 4.0 3.6 4.4 180,355 89,660 90,695 6.9 7.0 6.8
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 110 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,605 790 820 0.1 0.1 0.1
Urdu 975 495 480 0.5 0.5 0.4 10 5 5 1.1 1.2 1.1 10,495 5,310 5,185 0.4 0.4 0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 275 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 1,250 615 635 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58,375 29,130 29,240 2.2 2.3 2.2
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 75 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,550 1,385 1,165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Parsi 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 70 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,225 680 545 0.0 0.1 0.0
Persian languages 1,130 555 575 0.5 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,350 26,935 27,415 2.1 2.1 2.1
Dari 205 95 115 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,705 2,815 2,890 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian Persian 820 405 410 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,720 21,655 22,070 1.7 1.7 1.7
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 105 55 45 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,925 2,470 2,460 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 3,240 1,595 1,645 1.5 1.6 1.5 5 0 0 0.6 0.0 0.0 85,100 41,570 43,530 3.2 3.2 3.3
Catalan 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 75 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 245 130 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,285 6,705 6,580 0.5 0.5 0.5
Portuguese 715 355 360 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 1.1 18,185 8,650 9,530 0.7 0.7 0.7
Romanian 215 115 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,780 3,270 3,515 0.3 0.3 0.3
Spanish 2,055 985 1,075 1.0 1.0 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 46,645 22,835 23,810 1.8 1.8 1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 2,170 775 1,400 1.0 0.8 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,340 5,735 11,605 0.7 0.4 0.9
Korean 1,485 640 845 0.7 0.6 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,525 23,415 29,110 2.0 1.8 2.2
Mongolian 65 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 175 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 140 70 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,435 1,735 1,705 0.1 0.1 0.1
Akan (Twi) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 235 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 60 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 100 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 105 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 85 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 10 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 95 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 810 390 415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 185 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 495 250 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 315 165 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 95 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 325 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 515 295 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 93,075 42,380 50,690 44.5 42.4 46.5 455 220 235 51.7 52.4 51.6 395,250 178,750 216,505 15.1 13.9 16.2
Chinese languages 92,930 42,315 50,620 44.5 42.3 46.4 455 220 235 51.7 52.4 51.6 393,030 177,675 215,360 15.0 13.8 16.1
Hakka 325 145 180 0.2 0.1 0.2 5 5 5 0.6 1.2 1.1 1,945 845 1,100 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mandarin 44,060 19,805 24,260 21.1 19.8 22.2 75 45 35 8.5 10.7 7.7 191,475 85,475 106,005 7.3 6.7 7.9
Min Dong 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 85 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 2,360 1,065 1,305 1.1 1.1 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,195 5,005 6,185 0.4 0.4 0.5
Wu (Shanghainese) 830 345 480 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,085 1,355 1,725 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yue (Cantonese) 44,985 20,780 24,205 21.5 20.8 22.2 370 170 195 42.0 40.5 42.9 182,910 83,885 99,025 7.0 6.5 7.4
Chinese, n.o.s. 300 145 155 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,125 965 1,160 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 50 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 130 60 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,150 1,045 1,110 0.1 0.1 0.1
Burmese 110 45 65 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 930 445 485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 90 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 280 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 525 250 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 165 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 215 70 145 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,960 1,015 1,940 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lao 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 810 390 425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 175 55 125 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,045 580 1,465 0.1 0.0 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 480 270 210 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,260 2,860 2,400 0.2 0.2 0.2
Azerbaijani 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 565 305 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 40 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 400 225 175 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,095 2,280 1,815 0.2 0.2 0.1
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 110 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 60 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 65 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 170 70 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,145 2,770 3,375 0.2 0.2 0.3
Estonian 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 340 145 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 40 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,395 540 855 0.1 0.0 0.1
Hungarian 130 55 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,410 2,085 2,330 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 13,760 6,500 7,260 6.6 6.5 6.7 80 35 45 9.1 8.3 9.9 143,005 68,660 74,350 5.5 5.3 5.6
English and French 400 205 195 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,240 4,030 4,210 0.3 0.3 0.3
English and non-official language(s) 11,505 5,455 6,050 5.5 5.5 5.5 65 30 35 7.4 7.1 7.7 117,335 56,800 60,535 4.5 4.4 4.5
French and non-official language(s) 100 55 50 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,775 835 935 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 140 70 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,190 985 1,205 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 1,610 710 905 0.8 0.7 0.8 10 5 5 1.1 1.2 1.1 13,465 6,000 7,460 0.5 0.5 0.6
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 209,040 99,955 109,085 100.0 100.0 100.0 880 420 455 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,619,420 1,283,490 1,335,935 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 70,895 36,210 34,690 33.9 36.2 31.8 220 115 110 25.0 27.4 24.2 1,433,630 724,330 709,305 54.7 56.4 53.1
French 215 115 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,350 2,635 2,715 0.2 0.2 0.2
Non-official language 54,185 24,340 29,845 25.9 24.4 27.4 265 120 150 30.1 28.6 33.0 396,810 183,310 213,500 15.1 14.3 16.0
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 54,185 24,340 29,845 25.9 24.4 27.4 265 120 150 30.1 28.6 33.0 396,730 183,270 213,455 15.1 14.3 16.0
English and French 910 455 455 0.4 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,960 10,040 10,920 0.8 0.8 0.8
English and non-official language(s) 75,010 35,465 39,545 35.9 35.5 36.3 360 180 180 40.9 42.9 39.6 710,270 339,560 370,715 27.1 26.5 27.7
French and non-official language(s) 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 360 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 1,365 620 750 0.7 0.6 0.7 5 0 5 0.6 0.0 1.1 16,000 7,270 8,730 0.6 0.6 0.7
Multiple non-official languages 6,390 2,725 3,665 3.1 2.7 3.4 30 15 15 3.4 3.6 3.3 35,600 15,995 19,610 1.4 1.2 1.5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 209,040 99,955 109,085 100.0 100.0 100.0 880 420 455 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,619,420 1,283,490 1,335,935 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 192,300 92,105 100,190 92.0 92.1 91.8 790 380 410 89.8 90.5 90.1 2,457,520 1,206,005 1,251,520 93.8 94.0 93.7
Official languages 96,620 48,420 48,200 46.2 48.4 44.2 345 170 175 39.2 40.5 38.5 1,734,900 866,510 868,385 66.2 67.5 65.0
English 96,275 48,240 48,040 46.1 48.3 44.0 345 170 175 39.2 40.5 38.5 1,726,210 862,290 863,925 65.9 67.2 64.7
French 345 185 165 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,690 4,225 4,465 0.3 0.3 0.3
Non-official languages 95,675 43,685 51,990 45.8 43.7 47.7 445 205 235 50.6 48.8 51.6 722,625 339,490 383,130 27.6 26.5 28.7
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 95,675 43,685 51,990 45.8 43.7 47.7 445 205 235 50.6 48.8 51.6 722,515 339,440 383,075 27.6 26.4 28.7
Afro-Asiatic languages 1,255 625 635 0.6 0.6 0.6 10 5 5 1.1 1.2 1.1 16,370 8,255 8,115 0.6 0.6 0.6
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015 495 525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 80 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 855 405 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 1,160 580 580 0.6 0.6 0.5 10 5 5 1.1 1.2 1.1 15,325 7,745 7,575 0.6 0.6 0.6
Amharic 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 290 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 905 460 445 0.4 0.5 0.4 10 5 5 1.1 1.2 1.1 10,980 5,520 5,465 0.4 0.4 0.4
Aramaic languages 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,075 520 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 380 185 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 285 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 135 70 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 915 485 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,685 915 775 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 530 235 290 0.3 0.2 0.3 10 5 10 1.1 1.2 2.2 17,825 8,050 9,775 0.7 0.6 0.7
Khmer (Cambodian) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 630 290 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 520 230 290 0.2 0.2 0.3 10 5 10 1.1 1.2 2.2 17,160 7,740 9,420 0.7 0.6 0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 5,275 2,445 2,830 2.5 2.4 2.6 25 15 10 2.8 3.6 2.2 45,860 20,520 25,345 1.8 1.6 1.9
Bikol 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 445 195 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 145 70 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,345 600 745 0.1 0.0 0.1
Fijian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 750 330 415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 215 105 115 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,865 1,295 1,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 115 55 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,300 640 660 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 60 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 165 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 50 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 4,575 2,105 2,475 2.2 2.1 2.3 25 15 10 2.8 3.6 2.2 37,890 16,855 21,035 1.4 1.3 1.6
Waray-Waray 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 145 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 155 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 100 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 395 205 190 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,395 3,295 3,100 0.2 0.3 0.2
Kannada 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 110 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 125 60 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,840 945 895 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 180 95 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,915 1,455 1,465 0.1 0.1 0.1
Telugu 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,405 770 630 0.1 0.1 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 60 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 9,745 4,645 5,100 4.7 4.6 4.7 45 15 25 5.1 3.6 5.5 283,360 139,345 144,015 10.8 10.9 10.8
Albanian 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 430 215 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 605 290 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 1,810 840 970 0.9 0.8 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,885 12,850 14,030 1.0 1.0 1.1
Baltic languages 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 80 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 1,790 825 960 0.9 0.8 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,735 12,775 13,955 1.0 1.0 1.0
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 360 405 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,105 550 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 100 45 60 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,935 1,860 2,070 0.2 0.1 0.2
Russian 1,330 615 710 0.6 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,840 6,105 6,740 0.5 0.5 0.5
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 195 90 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,975 2,900 3,070 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bosnian 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 630 290 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,595 735 860 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 115 55 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,685 1,840 1,850 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 780 370 410 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,185 545 635 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 205 95 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,695 1,755 1,935 0.1 0.1 0.1
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 155 70 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,215 1,030 1,190 0.1 0.1 0.1
German 155 70 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,130 995 1,140 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,100 545 560 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 590 295 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 495 240 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 175 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 60 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 85 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550 720 830 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 5,845 2,795 3,055 2.8 2.8 2.8 40 20 25 4.5 4.8 5.5 208,160 103,040 105,125 7.9 8.0 7.9
Indo-Aryan languages 5,065 2,415 2,645 2.4 2.4 2.4 35 15 20 4.0 3.6 4.4 167,845 83,465 84,380 6.4 6.5 6.3
Assamese 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 170 80 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,260 1,155 1,100 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 205 90 120 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,555 1,735 1,820 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hindi 575 280 290 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,285 7,520 7,765 0.6 0.6 0.6
Kacchi 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 450 185 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 690 350 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 845 425 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 3,250 1,535 1,720 1.6 1.5 1.6 25 10 15 2.8 2.4 3.3 136,300 67,930 68,370 5.2 5.3 5.1
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 370 425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 680 340 340 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,165 3,550 3,615 0.3 0.3 0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 115 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 785 375 405 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,315 19,570 20,745 1.5 1.5 1.6
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,630 835 800 0.1 0.1 0.1
Parsi 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 810 430 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 715 345 370 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,760 18,245 19,515 1.4 1.4 1.5
Dari 135 60 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,555 1,730 1,830 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian Persian 515 245 265 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,985 14,965 16,020 1.2 1.2 1.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,220 1,550 1,665 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 1,720 840 880 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,000 20,450 21,550 1.6 1.6 1.6
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,330 1,450 1,880 0.1 0.1 0.1
Portuguese 445 225 225 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,615 5,120 5,490 0.4 0.4 0.4
Romanian 85 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,935 1,395 1,535 0.1 0.1 0.1
Spanish 1,155 555 595 0.6 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,050 12,445 12,605 1.0 1.0 0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 1,110 460 650 0.5 0.5 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,485 3,475 5,005 0.3 0.3 0.4
Korean 1,000 450 550 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,050 18,290 21,750 1.5 1.4 1.6
Mongolian 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 115 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,150 550 600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 65 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 50 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 145 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 85 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 60 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 950 540 415 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 45 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 805 460 345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 75 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 75,785 34,330 41,455 36.3 34.3 38.0 355 165 190 40.3 39.3 41.8 295,940 134,200 161,745 11.3 10.5 12.1
Chinese languages 75,690 34,285 41,410 36.2 34.3 38.0 355 165 190 40.3 39.3 41.8 294,455 133,455 161,000 11.2 10.4 12.1
Hakka 80 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 260 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 37,000 16,780 20,220 17.7 16.8 18.5 50 30 30 5.7 7.1 6.6 152,805 69,445 83,360 5.8 5.4 6.2
Min Dong 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1,360 620 740 0.7 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,040 2,740 3,300 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wu (Shanghainese) 510 225 285 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,950 900 1,045 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yue (Cantonese) 36,515 16,510 20,000 17.5 16.5 18.3 300 135 165 34.1 32.1 36.3 131,660 59,480 72,180 5.0 4.6 5.4
Chinese, n.o.s. 200 95 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,275 560 715 0.0 0.0 0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,455 730 730 0.1 0.1 0.1
Burmese 75 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 300 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 85 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 215 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 385 195 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 105 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,135 475 660 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 175 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 715 275 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 290 150 140 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,695 1,355 1,335 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 125 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 265 135 125 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,195 1,130 1,070 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,495 695 800 0.1 0.1 0.1
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 5 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 105 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,180 560 615 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 16,740 7,845 8,895 8.0 7.8 8.2 90 45 45 10.2 10.7 9.9 161,905 77,490 84,415 6.2 6.0 6.3
English and French 185 95 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,935 1,915 2,025 0.2 0.1 0.2
English and non-official language(s) 15,635 7,335 8,300 7.5 7.3 7.6 85 40 45 9.7 9.5 9.9 151,220 72,500 78,720 5.8 5.6 5.9
French and non-official language(s) 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 195 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 75 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,145 560 590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 820 365 455 0.4 0.4 0.4 5 0 0 0.6 0.0 0.0 5,180 2,320 2,855 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 209,040 99,955 109,085 100.0 100.0 100.0 885 420 460 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,619,425 1,283,490 1,335,935 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 138,775 67,005 71,770 66.4 67.0 65.8 565 265 305 63.8 63.1 66.3 1,968,775 974,115 994,655 75.2 75.9 74.5
English 30,275 14,365 15,905 14.5 14.4 14.6 135 70 65 15.3 16.7 14.1 255,090 123,090 132,005 9.7 9.6 9.9
French 970 460 510 0.5 0.5 0.5 5 0 0 0.6 0.0 0.0 17,840 8,410 9,430 0.7 0.7 0.7
Non-official language 29,210 13,595 15,615 14.0 13.6 14.3 145 70 70 16.4 16.7 15.2 293,690 137,890 155,800 11.2 10.7 11.7
Indigenous39 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 230 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 29,200 13,595 15,610 14.0 13.6 14.3 145 70 70 16.4 16.7 15.2 293,125 137,665 155,465 11.2 10.7 11.6
English and French 205 100 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,230 1,015 1,210 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and non-official language(s) 5,475 2,550 2,930 2.6 2.6 2.7 20 10 10 2.3 2.4 2.2 40,505 19,595 20,910 1.5 1.5 1.6
French and non-official language(s) 705 310 395 0.3 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,320 3,745 4,580 0.3 0.3 0.3
English, French and non-official language(s) 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 240 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 3,365 1,545 1,820 1.6 1.5 1.7 15 10 10 1.7 2.4 2.2 32,445 15,390 17,055 1.2 1.2 1.3
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 208,395 99,765 108,635 100.0 100.0 100.0 910 460 450 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,607,010 1,277,245 1,329,770 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 186,670 90,935 95,740 89.6 91.1 88.1 745 405 340 81.9 88.0 75.6 2,466,835 1,219,760 1,247,075 94.6 95.5 93.8
English 186,595 90,900 95,695 89.5 91.1 88.1 745 405 340 81.9 88.0 75.6 2,465,850 1,219,360 1,246,490 94.6 95.5 93.7
French 9,330 4,335 5,000 4.5 4.3 4.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 171,635 76,755 94,880 6.6 6.0 7.1
Non-official languages 154,880 71,500 83,380 74.3 71.7 76.8 775 390 385 85.2 84.8 85.6 1,398,170 659,050 739,130 53.6 51.6 55.6
Indigenous languages39 45 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,800 790 1,010 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquian languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 175 330 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 120 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 120 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 65 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 50 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 50 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 40 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 65 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 50 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 0 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 655 345 310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 145 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 145 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 55 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 35 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 154,850 71,490 83,355 74.3 71.7 76.7 775 390 385 85.2 84.8 85.6 1,396,545 658,350 738,195 53.6 51.5 55.5
Afro-Asiatic languages 3,600 1,775 1,820 1.7 1.8 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,165 21,885 19,280 1.6 1.7 1.4
Berber languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 85 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 65 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 105 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 85 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 200 100 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,340 1,225 1,115 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 200 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 195 100 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,970 1,030 935 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 3,420 1,680 1,740 1.6 1.7 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,075 20,835 18,245 1.5 1.6 1.4
Amharic 120 55 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,590 1,350 1,240 0.1 0.1 0.1
Arabic 2,480 1,260 1,220 1.2 1.3 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,450 15,355 13,095 1.1 1.2 1.0
Aramaic languages 90 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,130 1,100 1,030 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820 455 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015 500 520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 340 170 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 775 350 420 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,650 2,865 2,785 0.2 0.2 0.2
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,090 1,710 1,385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 1,770 830 935 0.8 0.8 0.9 40 20 20 4.4 4.3 4.4 36,210 16,325 19,880 1.4 1.3 1.5
Khmer (Cambodian) 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,690 795 900 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vietnamese 1,690 800 890 0.8 0.8 0.8 40 20 20 4.4 4.3 4.4 34,650 15,605 19,045 1.3 1.2 1.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 14,390 6,325 8,065 6.9 6.3 7.4 90 40 55 9.9 8.7 12.2 122,120 51,035 71,090 4.7 4.0 5.3
Bikol 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 620 295 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 80 25 55 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,145 480 665 0.0 0.0 0.1
Cebuano 550 245 315 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,315 1,860 2,455 0.2 0.1 0.2
Fijian 65 20 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 385 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 260 100 160 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,655 1,055 1,605 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ilocano 725 330 390 0.3 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,645 3,925 5,725 0.4 0.3 0.4
Indonesian 620 305 315 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,895 2,780 3,115 0.2 0.2 0.2
Kankanaey 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 100 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 65 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 320 170 160 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,960 1,405 1,555 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 265 105 165 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,310 560 745 0.1 0.0 0.1
Pangasinan 100 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 840 345 490 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 13,205 5,785 7,420 6.3 5.8 6.8 90 40 55 9.9 8.7 12.2 109,930 45,405 64,535 4.2 3.6 4.9
Waray-Waray 75 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 255 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 200 75 125 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,595 1,180 1,415 0.1 0.1 0.1
Creole languages 150 75 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,090 1,065 1,030 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haitian Creole 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 115 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 55 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 40 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 110 50 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 860 430 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 255 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 190 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 1,015 505 510 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,585 8,800 7,785 0.6 0.7 0.6
Kannada 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,425 765 660 0.1 0.1 0.0
Malayalam 330 160 165 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,615 2,470 2,150 0.2 0.2 0.2
Tamil 555 280 275 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,440 4,400 4,040 0.3 0.3 0.3
Telugu 190 100 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,940 2,235 1,705 0.2 0.2 0.1
Tulu 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 120 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 25,240 12,090 13,155 12.1 12.1 12.1 60 35 20 6.6 7.6 4.4 643,875 317,270 326,605 24.7 24.8 24.6
Albanian 110 40 75 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,585 755 830 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 135 60 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,390 660 725 0.1 0.1 0.1
Balto-Slavic languages 3,845 1,780 2,075 1.8 1.8 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70,160 33,320 36,845 2.7 2.6 2.8
Baltic languages 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 805 350 460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 170 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 180 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 3,825 1,765 2,060 1.8 1.8 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 69,615 33,095 36,520 2.7 2.6 2.7
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 110 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 70 25 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,965 940 1,025 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czech 125 65 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,785 2,350 2,435 0.2 0.2 0.2
Macedonian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 380 190 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 350 155 195 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,165 6,195 6,970 0.5 0.5 0.5
Russian 2,575 1,190 1,385 1.2 1.2 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29,885 13,995 15,885 1.1 1.1 1.2
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 605 300 305 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,080 8,555 8,530 0.7 0.7 0.6
Bosnian 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,605 1,285 1,325 0.1 0.1 0.1
Croatian 340 165 180 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,235 3,995 4,240 0.3 0.3 0.3
Serbian 305 155 155 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,430 4,810 4,625 0.4 0.4 0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 385 205 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,835 1,300 1,545 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovene (Slovenian) 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 675 310 365 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 540 230 310 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,515 3,310 4,205 0.3 0.3 0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,855 1,030 825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Irish 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,365 765 600 0.1 0.1 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 60 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 175 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 2,305 1,030 1,265 1.1 1.0 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,220 25,535 27,685 2.0 2.0 2.1
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 1,615 715 895 0.8 0.7 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,890 17,430 18,455 1.4 1.4 1.4
German 1,565 705 855 0.8 0.7 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,110 17,065 18,045 1.3 1.3 1.4
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 915 440 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 160 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 520 240 280 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,230 6,435 6,795 0.5 0.5 0.5
Afrikaans 185 90 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,765 2,465 2,305 0.2 0.2 0.2
Dutch 355 155 190 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,290 3,905 4,385 0.3 0.3 0.3
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 105 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 100 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 235 110 125 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,065 2,755 3,310 0.2 0.2 0.2
Danish 110 55 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,250 1,065 1,190 0.1 0.1 0.1
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 65 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 55 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,440 635 805 0.1 0.0 0.1
Swedish 85 30 60 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,540 1,180 1,365 0.1 0.1 0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 55 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 365 155 210 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,005 3,600 3,405 0.3 0.3 0.3
Indo-Iranian languages 13,460 6,575 6,880 6.5 6.6 6.3 30 20 10 3.3 4.3 2.2 384,455 192,610 191,845 14.7 15.1 14.4
Indo-Aryan languages 11,920 5,825 6,095 5.7 5.8 5.6 30 20 10 3.3 4.3 2.2 317,790 159,415 158,380 12.2 12.5 11.9
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 390 190 195 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,325 2,830 2,500 0.2 0.2 0.2
Gujarati 950 410 540 0.5 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,615 6,155 6,465 0.5 0.5 0.5
Hindi 3,915 1,925 1,990 1.9 1.9 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110,485 54,890 55,600 4.2 4.3 4.2
Kacchi 270 115 160 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,745 1,210 1,535 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 75 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 655 335 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 170 90 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,930 1,545 1,385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,645 830 815 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 70 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 7,060 3,475 3,585 3.4 3.5 3.3 20 15 0 2.2 3.3 0.0 239,205 120,220 118,990 9.2 9.4 8.9
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 260 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 165 70 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,045 1,420 1,630 0.1 0.1 0.1
Urdu 1,905 985 925 0.9 1.0 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,965 11,575 10,390 0.8 0.9 0.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 70 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,395 690 705 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages 1,590 780 810 0.8 0.8 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 69,060 34,510 34,550 2.6 2.7 2.6
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 70 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 190 85 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,720 2,025 1,690 0.1 0.2 0.1
Parsi 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 105 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 45 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,440 1,410 1,030 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian languages 1,385 690 700 0.7 0.7 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,655 32,215 32,440 2.5 2.5 2.4
Dari 290 125 165 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,840 3,780 4,055 0.3 0.3 0.3
Iranian Persian 1,050 535 520 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,285 26,110 26,175 2.0 2.0 2.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,290 2,730 2,555 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 95 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 85 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 5,655 2,745 2,915 2.7 2.8 2.7 10 0 10 1.1 0.0 2.2 142,265 68,760 73,500 5.5 5.4 5.5
Catalan 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 220 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 610 295 320 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,325 11,660 12,665 0.9 0.9 1.0
Portuguese 945 450 495 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,835 11,590 12,245 0.9 0.9 0.9
Romanian 310 185 135 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,735 4,285 4,450 0.3 0.3 0.3
Spanish 4,155 2,020 2,140 2.0 2.0 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 94,560 45,905 48,655 3.6 3.6 3.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 175 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 105 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 4,140 1,785 2,360 2.0 1.8 2.2 20 10 10 2.2 2.2 2.2 31,770 13,490 18,275 1.2 1.1 1.4
Korean 2,090 865 1,225 1.0 0.9 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61,165 27,260 33,905 2.3 2.1 2.5
Mongolian 105 50 50 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 525 240 285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 545 275 270 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,095 4,625 4,475 0.3 0.4 0.3
Akan (Twi) 55 15 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,010 520 490 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 75 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 135 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 95 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 160 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 30 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 265 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 430 190 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 130 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 60 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 115 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 435 190 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 325 175 145 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,925 2,060 1,865 0.2 0.2 0.1
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 60 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,130 570 560 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,495 745 750 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 480 230 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 170 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 55 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 155 85 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,615 1,595 2,020 0.1 0.1 0.2
American Sign Language 140 70 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,315 1,440 1,875 0.1 0.1 0.1
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 35 30 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 380 180 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 106,840 49,160 57,680 51.3 49.3 53.1 610 310 300 67.0 67.4 66.7 461,875 211,710 250,165 17.7 16.6 18.8
Chinese languages 106,690 49,090 57,600 51.2 49.2 53.0 610 310 300 67.0 67.4 66.7 459,215 210,380 248,830 17.6 16.5 18.7
Hakka 515 235 280 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,385 1,565 1,815 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mandarin 68,960 31,155 37,810 33.1 31.2 34.8 175 90 80 19.2 19.6 17.8 292,720 131,975 160,745 11.2 10.3 12.1
Min Dong 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 85 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 5,100 2,295 2,805 2.4 2.3 2.6 20 10 10 2.2 2.2 2.2 22,615 10,030 12,585 0.9 0.8 0.9
Wu (Shanghainese) 1,210 520 690 0.6 0.5 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,555 1,930 2,620 0.2 0.2 0.2
Yue (Cantonese) 56,900 26,000 30,895 27.3 26.1 28.4 545 265 280 59.9 57.6 62.2 233,750 106,925 126,820 9.0 8.4 9.5
Chinese, n.o.s. 305 135 170 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,820 835 985 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 120 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 200 90 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,850 1,430 1,420 0.1 0.1 0.1
Burmese 190 75 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,560 780 775 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 125 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 650 315 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 600 280 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 220 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 125 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 90 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 325 115 205 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,550 1,905 2,645 0.2 0.1 0.2
Lao 50 15 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,180 550 630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 275 95 180 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,500 1,390 2,110 0.1 0.1 0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 80 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 670 330 340 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,305 4,745 4,560 0.4 0.4 0.3
Azerbaijani 85 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,480 755 720 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 55 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 590 300 290 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,840 4,050 3,790 0.3 0.3 0.3
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 110 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 120 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 105 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 190 105 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,285 3,325 3,955 0.3 0.3 0.3
Estonian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 170 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 55 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,695 735 965 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hungarian 130 75 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,250 2,440 2,805 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other languages, n.i.e. 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 160 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 208,400 99,765 108,635 100.0 100.0 100.0 910 460 450 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,607,010 1,277,245 1,329,765 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous identity45 1,540 705 840 0.7 0.7 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 63,345 30,695 32,650 2.4 2.4 2.5
Single Indigenous responses46 1,460 680 780 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60,565 29,410 31,155 2.3 2.3 2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) 895 430 460 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,950 17,325 18,630 1.4 1.4 1.4
Métis 560 250 315 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,105 11,875 12,230 0.9 0.9 0.9
Inuk (Inuit) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 210 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses47 55 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,700 770 930 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,075 520 560 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous identity 206,855 99,055 107,795 99.3 99.3 99.2 910 460 450 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,543,670 1,246,545 1,297,120 97.6 97.6 97.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 208,400 99,765 108,635 100.0 100.0 100.0 910 460 450 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,607,010 1,277,245 1,329,765 100.0 100.0 100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian49 635 290 350 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,605 11,745 12,860 0.9 0.9 1.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 207,755 99,475 108,285 99.7 99.7 99.7 910 460 450 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,582,410 1,265,500 1,316,910 99.1 99.1 99.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 81,080 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 255 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,043,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Owner 57,800 ... ... 71.3 ... ... 240 ... ... 94.1 ... ... 647,870 ... ... 62.1 ... ...
Renter 23,275 ... ... 28.7 ... ... 20 ... ... 7.8 ... ... 394,710 ... ... 37.8 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 735 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 81,080 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 255 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,043,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Condominium 35,150 ... ... 43.4 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 339,250 ... ... 32.5 ... ...
Not condominium 45,930 ... ... 56.6 ... ... 245 ... ... 96.1 ... ... 704,070 ... ... 67.5 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 81,080 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 255 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,043,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
No bedrooms 745 ... ... 0.9 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 21,815 ... ... 2.1 ... ...
1 bedroom 13,425 ... ... 16.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 231,855 ... ... 22.2 ... ...
2 bedrooms 23,445 ... ... 28.9 ... ... 60 ... ... 23.5 ... ... 291,055 ... ... 27.9 ... ...
3 bedrooms 21,895 ... ... 27.0 ... ... 25 ... ... 9.8 ... ... 226,590 ... ... 21.7 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 21,570 ... ... 26.6 ... ... 165 ... ... 64.7 ... ... 272,005 ... ... 26.1 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 81,080 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 255 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,043,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 38,555 ... ... 47.6 ... ... 55 ... ... 21.6 ... ... 486,500 ... ... 46.6 ... ...
5 rooms 12,860 ... ... 15.9 ... ... 30 ... ... 11.8 ... ... 141,345 ... ... 13.5 ... ...
6 rooms 9,290 ... ... 11.5 ... ... 55 ... ... 21.6 ... ... 104,495 ... ... 10.0 ... ...
7 rooms 6,945 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 85,645 ... ... 8.2 ... ...
8 or more rooms 13,430 ... ... 16.6 ... ... 110 ... ... 43.1 ... ... 225,340 ... ... 21.6 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 5.1 ... ... 5.1 ... ... 6.6 ... ... 6.6 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 5.4 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 81,080 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 255 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,043,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 77,425 ... ... 95.5 ... ... 235 ... ... 92.2 ... ... 1,000,375 ... ... 95.9 ... ...
More than one person per room 3,660 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 20 ... ... 7.8 ... ... 42,945 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 81,080 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 255 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,043,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Suitable 74,845 ... ... 92.3 ... ... 225 ... ... 88.2 ... ... 958,590 ... ... 91.9 ... ...
Not suitable 6,235 ... ... 7.7 ... ... 35 ... ... 13.7 ... ... 84,735 ... ... 8.1 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 81,080 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 255 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,043,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1960 or before 2,735 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 120,385 ... ... 11.5 ... ...
1961 to 1980 18,305 ... ... 22.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 243,195 ... ... 23.3 ... ...
1981 to 1990 13,185 ... ... 16.3 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 151,115 ... ... 14.5 ... ...
1991 to 2000 15,510 ... ... 19.1 ... ... 240 ... ... 94.1 ... ... 173,545 ... ... 16.6 ... ...
2001 to 2005 5,800 ... ... 7.2 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 69,100 ... ... 6.6 ... ...
2006 to 2010 7,920 ... ... 9.8 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 91,675 ... ... 8.8 ... ...
2011 to 2015 8,170 ... ... 10.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 84,850 ... ... 8.1 ... ...
2016 to 202157 9,450 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 109,460 ... ... 10.5 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 81,080 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 255 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,043,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 77,105 ... ... 95.1 ... ... 240 ... ... 94.1 ... ... 988,135 ... ... 94.7 ... ...
Major repairs needed 3,975 ... ... 4.9 ... ... 20 ... ... 7.8 ... ... 55,185 ... ... 5.3 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 81,080 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 255 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,043,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-maintainer household 40,230 ... ... 49.6 ... ... 90 ... ... 35.3 ... ... 513,180 ... ... 49.2 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 34,325 ... ... 42.3 ... ... 130 ... ... 51.0 ... ... 450,060 ... ... 43.1 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 6,525 ... ... 8.0 ... ... 35 ... ... 13.7 ... ... 80,080 ... ... 7.7 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 81,080 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 255 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,043,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
15 to 24 years 2,095 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 30,925 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
25 to 34 years 10,910 ... ... 13.5 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 161,980 ... ... 15.5 ... ...
35 to 44 years 12,520 ... ... 15.4 ... ... 35 ... ... 13.7 ... ... 189,720 ... ... 18.2 ... ...
45 to 54 years 14,930 ... ... 18.4 ... ... 50 ... ... 19.6 ... ... 196,810 ... ... 18.9 ... ...
55 to 64 years 17,415 ... ... 21.5 ... ... 85 ... ... 33.3 ... ... 202,020 ... ... 19.4 ... ...
65 to 74 years 14,010 ... ... 17.3 ... ... 70 ... ... 27.5 ... ... 152,290 ... ... 14.6 ... ...
75 to 84 years 6,515 ... ... 8.0 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 78,330 ... ... 7.5 ... ...
85 years and over 2,685 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 31,235 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 80,740 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 260 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,033,410 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 52,585 ... ... 65.1 ... ... 200 ... ... 76.9 ... ... 725,970 ... ... 70.2 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 28,155 ... ... 34.9 ... ... 65 ... ... 25.0 ... ... 307,440 ... ... 29.8 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 21,490 ... ... 26.6 ... ... 60 ... ... 23.1 ... ... 254,850 ... ... 24.7 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 81,080 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 255 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 1,043,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 35,360 ... ... 43.6 ... ... 95 ... ... 37.3 ... ... 406,540 ... ... 39.0 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 25,515 ... ... 31.5 ... ... 50 ... ... 19.6 ... ... 272,030 ... ... 26.1 ... ...
Not suitable only 4,485 ... ... 5.5 ... ... 20 ... ... 7.8 ... ... 60,880 ... ... 5.8 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 2,425 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 34,030 ... ... 3.3 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 1,380 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 18,445 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 1,175 ... ... 1.4 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 15,750 ... ... 1.5 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 290 ... ... 0.4 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 4,190 ... ... 0.4 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 80 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,210 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
Acceptable housing 45,725 ... ... 56.4 ... ... 165 ... ... 64.7 ... ... 636,780 ... ... 61.0 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 74,075 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 260 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 980,820 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
In core need 15,045 ... ... 20.3 ... ... 35 ... ... 13.5 ... ... 166,100 ... ... 16.9 ... ...
Not in core need 59,025 ... ... 79.7 ... ... 220 ... ... 84.6 ... ... 814,720 ... ... 83.1 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 57,755 ... ... ... ... ... 240 ... ... ... ... ... 644,275 ... ... ... ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 54.9 ... ... 54.9 ... ... 52.1 ... ... 52.1 ... ... 59.2 ... ... 59.2 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 31.0 ... ... 31.0 ... ... 20.8 ... ... 20.8 ... ... 24.4 ... ... 24.4 ... ...
% in core housing need63 16.4 ... ... 16.4 ... ... 12.5 ... ... 12.5 ... ... 10.9 ... ... 10.9 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,340 ... ... 1,340 ... ... 1,550 ... ... 1,550 ... ... 1,620 ... ... 1,620 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,794 ... ... 1,794 ... ... 1,570 ... ... 1,570 ... ... 1,980 ... ... 1,980 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 990,000 ... ... 990,000 ... ... 1,300,000 ... ... 1,300,000 ... ... 1,050,000 ... ... 1,050,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 1,178,000 ... ... 1,178,000 ... ... 1,180,000 ... ... 1,180,000 ... ... 1,304,000 ... ... 1,304,000 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 23,275 ... ... ... ... ... 15 ... ... ... ... ... 393,260 ... ... ... ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 12.7 ... ... 12.7 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 11.1 ... ... 11.1 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 44.5 ... ... 44.5 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 38.5 ... ... 38.5 ... ...
% in core housing need63 30.4 ... ... 30.4 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 27.2 ... ... 27.2 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,640 ... ... 1,640 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 1,500 ... ... 1,500 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,672 ... ... 1,672 ... ... 2,000 ... ... 2,000 ... ... 1,624 ... ... 1,624 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... ... ... ... 0 ... ... ... ... ... 735 ... ... ... ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 6.2 ... ... 6.2 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 200 ... ... 200 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 326 ... ... 326 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 208,400 99,760 108,635 100.0 100.0 100.0 910 460 445 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,607,015 1,277,240 1,329,770 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 360 170 190 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,765 9,420 10,350 0.8 0.7 0.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 345 160 180 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,180 9,175 10,005 0.7 0.7 0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 290 145 145 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,265 7,295 7,975 0.6 0.6 0.6
Métis single ancestry 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,795 1,845 1,945 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuit single ancestry 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 40 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 590 240 345 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 215 310 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 1,300 605 690 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51,145 25,105 26,045 2.0 2.0 2.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 1,245 580 670 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,255 24,240 25,015 1.9 1.9 1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 910 420 485 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,045 16,320 16,730 1.3 1.3 1.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 340 155 180 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,860 7,750 8,110 0.6 0.6 0.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 175 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,890 860 1,030 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,810 830 975 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 206,740 98,985 107,750 99.2 99.2 99.2 910 460 445 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,536,095 1,242,720 1,293,375 97.3 97.3 97.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 208,395 99,760 108,630 100.0 100.0 100.0 905 455 450 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,607,015 1,277,245 1,329,770 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian citizens77 168,880 81,665 87,220 81.0 81.9 80.3 830 440 390 91.7 96.7 86.7 2,180,525 1,072,430 1,108,100 83.6 84.0 83.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18 30,390 15,660 14,730 14.6 15.7 13.6 165 115 55 18.2 25.3 12.2 409,560 211,730 197,825 15.7 16.6 14.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 138,490 66,000 72,490 66.5 66.2 66.7 665 330 335 73.5 72.5 74.4 1,770,975 860,695 910,275 67.9 67.4 68.5
Not Canadian citizens78 39,520 18,105 21,415 19.0 18.1 19.7 80 20 65 8.8 4.4 14.4 426,480 204,820 221,665 16.4 16.0 16.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 208,395 99,760 108,630 100.0 100.0 100.0 905 455 450 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,607,015 1,277,245 1,329,770 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-immigrants80 73,835 38,280 35,550 35.4 38.4 32.7 315 200 120 34.8 44.0 26.7 1,384,550 702,470 682,080 53.1 55.0 51.3
Immigrants81 125,600 57,170 68,425 60.3 57.3 63.0 585 260 325 64.6 57.1 72.2 1,089,185 507,280 581,900 41.8 39.7 43.8
Before 1980 12,470 6,065 6,405 6.0 6.1 5.9 70 40 35 7.7 8.8 7.8 158,270 75,060 83,210 6.1 5.9 6.3
1980 to 1990 15,400 7,195 8,210 7.4 7.2 7.6 140 65 75 15.5 14.3 16.7 126,870 59,335 67,530 4.9 4.6 5.1
1991 to 2000 39,305 17,980 21,325 18.9 18.0 19.6 225 110 120 24.9 24.2 26.7 255,475 117,730 137,750 9.8 9.2 10.4
2001 to 2010 30,760 13,760 16,995 14.8 13.8 15.6 85 25 60 9.4 5.5 13.3 259,830 119,250 140,585 10.0 9.3 10.6
2011 to 202182 27,665 12,170 15,490 13.3 12.2 14.3 65 15 45 7.2 3.3 10.0 288,735 135,905 152,830 11.1 10.6 11.5
2011 to 2015 13,955 6,140 7,815 6.7 6.2 7.2 25 0 15 2.8 0.0 3.3 133,920 62,150 71,765 5.1 4.9 5.4
2016 to 2021 13,705 6,030 7,680 6.6 6.0 7.1 35 10 25 3.9 2.2 5.6 154,820 73,755 81,065 5.9 5.8 6.1
Non-permanent residents83 8,965 4,310 4,655 4.3 4.3 4.3 10 0 10 1.1 0.0 2.2 133,275 67,495 65,785 5.1 5.3 4.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 125,600 57,170 68,425 100.0 100.0 100.0 585 260 330 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,089,180 507,280 581,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years 8,940 4,790 4,155 7.1 8.4 6.1 30 15 15 5.1 5.8 4.5 81,230 41,410 39,820 7.5 8.2 6.8
5 to 14 years 18,740 9,750 8,985 14.9 17.1 13.1 75 40 40 12.8 15.4 12.1 168,170 86,775 81,390 15.4 17.1 14.0
15 to 24 years 20,325 9,390 10,930 16.2 16.4 16.0 130 65 60 22.2 25.0 18.2 203,110 92,205 110,905 18.6 18.2 19.1
25 to 44 years 59,470 25,075 34,400 47.3 43.9 50.3 285 120 165 48.7 46.2 50.0 501,615 225,450 276,170 46.1 44.4 47.5
45 years and over 18,125 8,165 9,960 14.4 14.3 14.6 65 20 45 11.1 7.7 13.6 135,060 61,440 73,625 12.4 12.1 12.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 125,600 57,170 68,425 100.0 100.0 100.0 585 260 330 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,089,180 507,280 581,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 4,185 2,065 2,125 3.3 3.6 3.1 25 15 10 4.3 5.8 3.0 76,000 36,560 39,440 7.0 7.2 6.8
Brazil 345 155 190 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,100 3,335 3,760 0.7 0.7 0.6
Colombia 155 75 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,145 1,915 2,230 0.4 0.4 0.4
El Salvador 170 80 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,485 2,295 2,185 0.4 0.5 0.4
Guyana 50 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 995 415 580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haiti 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 125 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 115 60 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,455 1,270 1,180 0.2 0.3 0.2
Mexico 415 170 245 0.3 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,060 4,625 5,440 0.9 0.9 0.9
Peru 260 100 165 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,875 1,310 1,565 0.3 0.3 0.3
Trinidad and Tobago 160 85 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,980 935 1,045 0.2 0.2 0.2
United States of America 1,600 870 730 1.3 1.5 1.1 10 10 0 1.7 3.8 0.0 27,615 13,505 14,110 2.5 2.7 2.4
Other places of birth in Americas 900 450 450 0.7 0.8 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,045 6,840 7,210 1.3 1.3 1.2
Europe 7,365 3,685 3,680 5.9 6.4 5.4 15 15 0 2.6 5.8 0.0 162,415 79,875 82,545 14.9 15.7 14.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina 70 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,785 1,870 1,915 0.3 0.4 0.3
Croatia 145 65 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,690 1,815 1,875 0.3 0.4 0.3
France 205 120 85 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,360 2,395 1,970 0.4 0.5 0.3
Germany 545 295 250 0.4 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,545 5,430 6,115 1.1 1.1 1.1
Greece 155 90 60 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,550 1,415 1,130 0.2 0.3 0.2
Hungary 90 50 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,750 1,225 1,520 0.3 0.2 0.3
Italy 140 85 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,090 4,640 4,455 0.8 0.9 0.8
Netherlands 210 115 100 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,145 2,605 2,545 0.5 0.5 0.4
Poland 270 110 155 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,210 4,265 4,950 0.8 0.8 0.9
Portugal 150 70 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,400 2,130 2,275 0.4 0.4 0.4
Romania 285 155 135 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,235 3,420 3,815 0.7 0.7 0.7
Russian Federation 765 360 410 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,350 4,025 5,320 0.9 0.8 0.9
Serbia86 185 105 75 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,745 1,865 1,875 0.3 0.4 0.3
Ukraine 790 365 425 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,090 3,300 3,790 0.7 0.7 0.7
United Kingdom87 2,210 1,145 1,070 1.8 2.0 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51,440 26,085 25,355 4.7 5.1 4.4
Other places of birth in Europe 1,155 525 625 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,030 13,390 13,635 2.5 2.6 2.3
Africa 2,655 1,285 1,370 2.1 2.2 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,530 19,615 18,915 3.5 3.9 3.3
Algeria 75 45 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 445 280 160 0.0 0.1 0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 55 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 740 370 365 0.1 0.1 0.1
Egypt 305 150 155 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,705 1,510 1,195 0.2 0.3 0.2
Eritrea 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,255 1,305 950 0.2 0.3 0.2
Ethiopia 95 45 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,075 1,055 1,025 0.2 0.2 0.2
Morocco 80 35 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 930 445 485 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nigeria 105 55 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,210 1,165 1,050 0.2 0.2 0.2
Somalia 115 50 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,085 515 570 0.1 0.1 0.1
South Africa, Republic of 445 205 240 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,000 4,545 4,455 0.8 0.9 0.8
Other places of birth in Africa 1,350 665 685 1.1 1.2 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,085 8,420 8,665 1.6 1.7 1.5
Asia 110,470 49,725 60,740 88.0 87.0 88.8 540 230 315 92.3 88.5 95.5 788,120 359,655 428,460 72.4 70.9 73.6
Afghanistan 260 120 145 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,935 2,900 3,030 0.5 0.6 0.5
Iran88 865 430 435 0.7 0.8 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,245 21,685 21,560 4.0 4.3 3.7
Iraq 450 220 230 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,550 3,510 3,040 0.6 0.7 0.5
Lebanon 55 30 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,960 1,095 865 0.2 0.2 0.1
Syria89 215 120 95 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,690 2,460 2,230 0.4 0.5 0.4
Turkey 225 105 120 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,540 1,360 1,180 0.2 0.3 0.2
China90 46,490 20,130 26,360 37.0 35.2 38.5 105 40 60 17.9 15.4 18.2 204,825 89,180 115,645 18.8 17.6 19.9
Hong Kong91 24,340 11,510 12,825 19.4 20.1 18.7 240 90 150 41.0 34.6 45.5 76,115 35,535 40,580 7.0 7.0 7.0
Korea, South92 1,225 505 725 1.0 0.9 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,090 18,825 23,270 3.9 3.7 4.0
Taiwan 7,745 3,520 4,225 6.2 6.2 6.2 20 15 10 3.4 5.8 3.0 38,670 17,420 21,250 3.6 3.4 3.7
Philippines 13,570 6,015 7,550 10.8 10.5 11.0 80 30 45 13.7 11.5 13.6 109,405 45,955 63,455 10.0 9.1 10.9
Viet Nam 1,510 670 840 1.2 1.2 1.2 45 15 25 7.7 5.8 7.6 27,175 12,150 15,020 2.5 2.4 2.6
Bangladesh 200 100 100 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,580 1,300 1,280 0.2 0.3 0.2
India 5,380 2,590 2,790 4.3 4.5 4.1 15 10 10 2.6 3.8 3.0 151,400 74,355 77,050 13.9 14.7 13.2
Pakistan 990 500 490 0.8 0.9 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,125 5,735 5,390 1.0 1.1 0.9
Sri Lanka 380 165 215 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,875 2,340 2,535 0.4 0.5 0.4
Other places of birth in Asia 6,565 2,995 3,570 5.2 5.2 5.2 30 20 10 5.1 7.7 3.0 54,930 23,860 31,075 5.0 4.7 5.3
Oceania and other places of birth93 920 410 515 0.7 0.7 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,120 11,575 12,545 2.2 2.3 2.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 13,705 6,030 7,680 100.0 100.0 100.0 35 10 25 100.0 100.0 100.0 154,815 73,755 81,065 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 720 380 340 5.3 6.3 4.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,725 8,200 8,530 10.8 11.1 10.5
Brazil 195 100 95 1.4 1.7 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,625 2,210 2,415 3.0 3.0 3.0
Colombia 25 10 15 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 825 405 415 0.5 0.5 0.5
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 190 195 0.3 0.3 0.2
Mexico 90 40 50 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,460 1,210 1,250 1.6 1.6 1.5
United States of America 275 160 115 2.0 2.7 1.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,465 2,780 2,680 3.5 3.8 3.3
Venezuela95 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 170 250 0.3 0.2 0.3
Other places of birth in Americas 120 65 55 0.9 1.1 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,525 1,220 1,310 1.6 1.7 1.6
Europe 455 220 230 3.3 3.6 3.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,070 9,675 8,395 11.7 13.1 10.4
France 65 30 40 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,325 740 590 0.9 1.0 0.7
Germany 25 15 10 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 395 400 0.5 0.5 0.5
Ireland96 15 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,105 1,295 815 1.4 1.8 1.0
Italy 10 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 805 445 355 0.5 0.6 0.4
Russian Federation 75 40 35 0.5 0.7 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,740 725 1,020 1.1 1.0 1.3
Ukraine 50 10 45 0.4 0.2 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,585 730 855 1.0 1.0 1.1
United Kingdom87 75 50 20 0.5 0.8 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,555 2,690 1,870 2.9 3.6 2.3
Other places of birth in Europe 145 60 85 1.1 1.0 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,150 2,650 2,495 3.3 3.6 3.1
Africa 345 180 170 2.5 3.0 2.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,395 4,010 3,385 4.8 5.4 4.2
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 20 0.0 0.1 0.0
Burundi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.1
Cameroon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 55 45 0.1 0.1 0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 30 10 15 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 130 95 0.1 0.2 0.1
Côte d'Ivoire 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 65 30 35 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 290 215 0.3 0.4 0.3
Eritrea 20 10 10 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,415 870 545 0.9 1.2 0.7
Ethiopia 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 270 200 0.3 0.4 0.2
Morocco 15 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 100 125 0.1 0.1 0.2
Nigeria 60 30 30 0.4 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,085 575 510 0.7 0.8 0.6
Somalia 30 20 15 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 125 100 0.1 0.2 0.1
South Africa, Republic of 25 15 10 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,215 610 610 0.8 0.8 0.8
Sudan97 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 85 75 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tunisia 20 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 55 50 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other places of birth in Africa 70 35 30 0.5 0.6 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,495 760 735 1.0 1.0 0.9
Asia 12,130 5,210 6,920 88.5 86.4 90.1 30 10 25 85.7 100.0 100.0 110,065 50,385 59,680 71.1 68.3 73.6
Afghanistan 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,245 660 590 0.8 0.9 0.7
Bangladesh 50 30 25 0.4 0.5 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 285 250 0.3 0.4 0.3
China90 7,090 2,860 4,225 51.7 47.4 55.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,970 12,030 16,940 18.7 16.3 20.9
Hong Kong91 820 405 415 6.0 6.7 5.4 10 0 10 28.6 0.0 40.0 2,385 1,070 1,315 1.5 1.5 1.6
India 955 495 455 7.0 8.2 5.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,545 15,645 14,900 19.7 21.2 18.4
Iran88 115 60 60 0.8 1.0 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,615 2,765 2,855 3.6 3.7 3.5
Iraq 80 30 45 0.6 0.5 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,435 785 645 0.9 1.1 0.8
Israel 15 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 315 205 0.3 0.4 0.3
Japan 95 15 80 0.7 0.2 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,615 405 1,210 1.0 0.5 1.5
Jordan 10 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 180 150 0.2 0.2 0.2
Korea, South92 215 60 155 1.6 1.0 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,125 2,450 3,670 4.0 3.3 4.5
Lebanon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 135 150 0.2 0.2 0.2
Nepal 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 110 125 0.2 0.1 0.2
Pakistan 85 40 40 0.6 0.7 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,850 1,020 830 1.2 1.4 1.0
Philippines 1,585 720 865 11.6 11.9 11.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,095 6,520 8,570 9.8 8.8 10.6
Saudi Arabia 25 20 10 0.2 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 480 300 185 0.3 0.4 0.2
Sri Lanka 25 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 600 270 330 0.4 0.4 0.4
Syria89 125 70 50 0.9 1.2 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,380 1,815 1,565 2.2 2.5 1.9
Turkey 50 20 30 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 485 310 0.5 0.7 0.4
United Arab Emirates 40 20 15 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 515 235 280 0.3 0.3 0.3
Viet Nam 110 45 70 0.8 0.7 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,270 785 1,485 1.5 1.1 1.8
Other places of birth in Asia 595 260 335 4.3 4.3 4.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,245 2,130 3,120 3.4 2.9 3.8
Oceania and other93 55 35 25 0.4 0.6 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,570 1,495 1,080 1.7 2.0 1.3
Australia 20 15 10 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,810 1,090 720 1.2 1.5 0.9
Other places of birth98 30 20 10 0.2 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 755 405 355 0.5 0.5 0.4
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 208,395 99,765 108,635 100.0 100.0 100.0 910 460 450 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,607,010 1,277,245 1,329,765 100.0 100.0 100.0
First generation100 137,435 63,015 74,425 65.9 63.2 68.5 640 295 345 70.3 64.1 76.7 1,256,395 591,725 664,670 48.2 46.3 50.0
Second generation101 46,190 23,935 22,250 22.2 24.0 20.5 245 160 90 26.9 34.8 20.0 632,460 321,815 310,645 24.3 25.2 23.4
Third generation or more102 24,770 12,810 11,955 11.9 12.8 11.0 20 0 15 2.2 0.0 3.3 718,160 363,705 354,455 27.5 28.5 26.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 113,125 51,105 62,025 100.0 100.0 100.0 515 220 295 100.0 100.0 100.0 930,915 432,220 498,695 100.0 100.0 100.0
Economic immigrants104 77,725 36,910 40,815 68.7 72.2 65.8 300 135 165 58.3 61.4 55.9 554,240 267,350 286,895 59.5 61.9 57.5
Principal applicants105 28,605 16,445 12,160 25.3 32.2 19.6 100 50 55 19.4 22.7 18.6 225,255 128,600 96,660 24.2 29.8 19.4
Secondary applicants106 49,115 20,465 28,650 43.4 40.0 46.2 200 90 110 38.8 40.9 37.3 328,990 138,750 190,240 35.3 32.1 38.1
Immigrants sponsored by family107 28,485 10,875 17,605 25.2 21.3 28.4 185 70 120 35.9 31.8 40.7 282,705 115,675 167,030 30.4 26.8 33.5
Refugees108 4,115 2,155 1,960 3.6 4.2 3.2 20 15 10 3.9 6.8 3.4 81,155 43,525 37,635 8.7 10.1 7.5
Other immigrants109 2,805 1,160 1,645 2.5 2.3 2.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,805 5,670 7,135 1.4 1.3 1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 113,125 51,105 62,025 100.0 100.0 100.0 515 220 295 100.0 100.0 100.0 930,915 432,220 498,695 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asylum claim before admission111 1,770 960 805 1.6 1.9 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,820 13,615 10,210 2.6 3.2 2.0
Work permits only before admission112 7,180 2,630 4,550 6.3 5.1 7.3 45 25 20 8.7 11.4 6.8 98,885 40,630 58,255 10.6 9.4 11.7
Study permits only before admission113 4,950 2,525 2,430 4.4 4.9 3.9 10 0 10 1.9 0.0 3.4 33,385 16,610 16,775 3.6 3.8 3.4
Work and study permits before admission114 7,340 3,170 4,165 6.5 6.2 6.7 30 10 15 5.8 4.5 5.1 58,500 27,225 31,280 6.3 6.3 6.3
Other permits before admission115 285 140 140 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,390 1,445 1,935 0.4 0.3 0.4
No pre-admission experience116 91,610 41,680 49,935 81.0 81.6 80.5 425 185 245 82.5 84.1 83.1 712,935 332,695 380,240 76.6 77.0 76.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 208,400 99,765 108,635 100.0 100.0 100.0 910 460 450 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,607,010 1,277,245 1,329,765 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total visible minority population118 167,395 78,970 88,425 80.3 79.2 81.4 855 435 425 94.0 94.6 94.4 1,420,270 680,720 739,550 54.5 53.3 55.6
South Asian 15,370 7,620 7,750 7.4 7.6 7.1 40 20 20 4.4 4.3 4.4 369,290 186,890 182,400 14.2 14.6 13.7
Chinese 113,060 52,840 60,225 54.3 53.0 55.4 635 310 325 69.8 67.4 72.2 512,260 239,705 272,560 19.6 18.8 20.5
Black 1,775 925 850 0.9 0.9 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,180 21,580 19,605 1.6 1.7 1.5
Filipino 15,130 7,020 8,115 7.3 7.0 7.5 115 55 60 12.6 12.0 13.3 142,125 62,920 79,210 5.5 4.9 6.0
Arab 2,205 1,140 1,060 1.1 1.1 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,440 11,975 10,465 0.9 0.9 0.8
Latin American 2,155 1,070 1,085 1.0 1.1 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51,500 25,375 26,125 2.0 2.0 2.0
Southeast Asian 3,305 1,570 1,735 1.6 1.6 1.6 20 10 10 2.2 2.2 2.2 56,815 26,415 30,400 2.2 2.1 2.3
West Asian 1,670 830 840 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,640 32,345 32,295 2.5 2.5 2.4
Korean 2,035 900 1,135 1.0 0.9 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 63,465 28,855 34,610 2.4 2.3 2.6
Japanese 3,885 1,720 2,160 1.9 1.7 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,195 12,835 18,360 1.2 1.0 1.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 705 320 390 0.3 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,750 7,330 7,420 0.6 0.6 0.6
Multiple visible minorities 6,095 3,015 3,080 2.9 3.0 2.8 45 30 15 4.9 6.5 3.3 50,600 24,485 26,120 1.9 1.9 2.0
Not a visible minority120 41,005 20,795 20,210 19.7 20.8 18.6 55 25 25 6.0 5.4 5.6 1,186,740 596,525 590,215 45.5 46.7 44.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 208,395 99,765 108,635 100.0 100.0 100.0 905 460 450 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,607,015 1,277,245 1,329,770 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian 8,280 4,470 3,805 4.0 4.5 3.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 174,095 90,190 83,905 6.7 7.1 6.3
English 12,185 6,220 5,960 5.8 6.2 5.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365,150 182,385 182,765 14.0 14.3 13.7
Irish 7,720 3,660 4,060 3.7 3.7 3.7 20 0 15 2.2 0.0 3.3 235,970 114,465 121,505 9.1 9.0 9.1
Scottish 9,750 4,860 4,895 4.7 4.9 4.5 20 0 15 2.2 0.0 3.3 281,420 138,535 142,885 10.8 10.8 10.7
French, n.o.s.122 3,210 1,580 1,630 1.5 1.6 1.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 108,315 53,375 54,940 4.2 4.2 4.1
German 6,305 3,130 3,175 3.0 3.1 2.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 184,145 90,845 93,295 7.1 7.1 7.0
Chinese 99,780 46,615 53,165 47.9 46.7 48.9 565 300 265 62.4 65.2 58.9 475,160 222,200 252,960 18.2 17.4 19.0
Italian 2,135 1,125 1,005 1.0 1.1 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 83,200 41,925 41,280 3.2 3.3 3.1
Indian (India) 9,330 4,650 4,680 4.5 4.7 4.3 10 0 10 1.1 0.0 2.2 213,795 107,310 106,490 8.2 8.4 8.0
Ukrainian 3,195 1,400 1,790 1.5 1.4 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81,155 39,615 41,540 3.1 3.1 3.1
Dutch 1,805 890 920 0.9 0.9 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,120 32,355 31,770 2.5 2.5 2.4
Polish 2,030 955 1,075 1.0 1.0 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58,505 27,900 30,605 2.2 2.2 2.3
Québécois 105 70 35 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,475 1,275 1,200 0.1 0.1 0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.123 2,905 1,555 1,350 1.4 1.6 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 79,115 39,490 39,620 3.0 3.1 3.0
Filipino 15,905 7,480 8,430 7.6 7.5 7.8 130 60 65 14.4 13.0 14.4 141,230 62,935 78,290 5.4 4.9 5.9
French Canadian 585 310 270 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,575 7,690 7,880 0.6 0.6 0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 1,215 635 580 0.6 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34,895 18,220 16,675 1.3 1.4 1.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 645 310 330 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,740 11,745 11,995 0.9 0.9 0.9
Métis 440 210 235 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,050 10,665 11,385 0.8 0.8 0.9
European, n.o.s.126 1,485 765 720 0.7 0.8 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,860 21,300 20,565 1.6 1.7 1.5
Russian 3,055 1,450 1,605 1.5 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51,690 24,585 27,110 2.0 1.9 2.0
Norwegian 1,355 685 665 0.7 0.7 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,595 22,015 23,580 1.7 1.7 1.8
Welsh 1,175 530 645 0.6 0.5 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,335 17,865 19,470 1.4 1.4 1.5
Portuguese 920 410 515 0.4 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,980 11,230 11,750 0.9 0.9 0.9
American 935 475 460 0.4 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,805 13,320 13,480 1.0 1.0 1.0
Spanish 2,485 1,185 1,300 1.2 1.2 1.2 20 10 10 2.2 2.2 2.2 36,270 16,955 19,310 1.4 1.3 1.5
Swedish 1,135 520 620 0.5 0.5 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34,990 16,370 18,620 1.3 1.3 1.4
Hungarian 770 400 370 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,815 10,455 11,365 0.8 0.8 0.9
Acadian 85 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,365 1,240 1,125 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pakistani 1,235 620 620 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,765 8,110 7,660 0.6 0.6 0.6
African, n.o.s.127 575 280 295 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,685 5,965 5,725 0.4 0.5 0.4
Jewish 2,195 1,065 1,130 1.1 1.1 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,280 11,210 11,070 0.9 0.9 0.8
Punjabi 1,895 910 985 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 71,020 36,210 34,810 2.7 2.8 2.6
Vietnamese 2,300 1,140 1,160 1.1 1.1 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,690 19,980 22,715 1.6 1.6 1.7
Arab, n.o.s.128 950 480 470 0.5 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,915 5,300 4,620 0.4 0.4 0.3
Greek 745 375 370 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,570 7,575 6,990 0.6 0.6 0.5
Jamaican 220 120 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,735 3,020 2,715 0.2 0.2 0.2
Asian, n.o.s.129 6,230 2,795 3,435 3.0 2.8 3.2 25 10 15 2.8 2.2 3.3 41,130 19,235 21,895 1.6 1.5 1.6
Cree, n.o.s.130 135 75 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,230 2,915 3,310 0.2 0.2 0.2
Korean 2,230 1,020 1,215 1.1 1.0 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 62,885 28,640 34,240 2.4 2.2 2.6
Romanian 595 340 255 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,490 7,600 7,885 0.6 0.6 0.6
Lebanese 190 125 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,355 2,715 2,635 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian 920 465 455 0.4 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,815 22,805 23,010 1.8 1.8 1.7
Christian, n.i.e.131 665 330 335 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,600 4,295 4,305 0.3 0.3 0.3
Danish 710 365 345 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,430 9,680 9,755 0.7 0.8 0.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 165 70 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,225 2,960 3,265 0.2 0.2 0.2
Sikh 1,440 705 740 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51,935 26,520 25,415 2.0 2.1 1.9
Austrian 725 370 355 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,850 8,590 9,265 0.7 0.7 0.7
Belgian 290 130 160 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,410 3,675 3,735 0.3 0.3 0.3
Haitian 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 620 285 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindu 500 230 280 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,640 8,105 7,535 0.6 0.6 0.6
Mexican 730 380 350 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,655 9,810 9,845 0.8 0.8 0.7
Mennonite 160 70 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,320 3,260 3,055 0.2 0.3 0.2
Swiss 330 155 175 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,570 4,715 4,855 0.4 0.4 0.4
Finnish 360 145 215 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,650 6,150 6,505 0.5 0.5 0.5
Sri Lankan 325 145 180 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,475 2,710 2,765 0.2 0.2 0.2
Croatian 540 240 300 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,670 7,195 7,475 0.6 0.6 0.6
Japanese 4,820 2,180 2,635 2.3 2.2 2.4 20 15 10 2.2 3.3 2.2 38,945 16,620 22,325 1.5 1.3 1.7
South Asian, n.o.s.133 1,025 565 460 0.5 0.6 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,030 7,905 8,125 0.6 0.6 0.6
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,315 640 675 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.135 430 175 250 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,035 5,450 5,585 0.4 0.4 0.4
Muslim 615 315 305 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,175 3,625 3,555 0.3 0.3 0.3
Egyptian 505 285 220 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,430 2,365 2,060 0.2 0.2 0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 400 220 180 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,930 4,465 4,465 0.3 0.3 0.3
Tamil 265 135 135 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,065 1,665 1,400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Icelandic 430 235 200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,265 4,980 5,285 0.4 0.4 0.4
Colombian 245 115 130 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,525 2,760 2,765 0.2 0.2 0.2
Moroccan 140 50 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,305 630 680 0.1 0.0 0.1
Czech 315 155 160 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,055 4,970 5,085 0.4 0.4 0.4
Syrian 205 110 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,355 2,255 2,100 0.2 0.2 0.2
Guyanese 85 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,615 835 785 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afghan 385 180 205 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,060 4,475 4,585 0.3 0.4 0.3
Black, n.o.s.137 85 30 60 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,940 1,495 1,445 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 355 195 160 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,755 5,105 4,650 0.4 0.4 0.3
Ojibway 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,545 825 725 0.1 0.1 0.1
Newfoundlander 70 50 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,225 665 565 0.0 0.1 0.0
Hong Konger 9,760 4,745 5,015 4.7 4.8 4.6 90 30 60 9.9 6.5 13.3 29,025 14,030 14,990 1.1 1.1 1.1
Ontarian 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,075 540 535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian 425 205 220 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,315 8,840 8,475 0.7 0.7 0.6
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 135 75 50 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,650 1,415 1,235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Turkish 595 330 270 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,305 3,300 3,005 0.2 0.3 0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.138 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 575 240 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bangladeshi 250 130 120 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,105 1,610 1,490 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algerian 120 70 50 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 690 405 285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Brazilian 360 185 175 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,720 4,735 4,985 0.4 0.4 0.4
Nigerian 100 55 40 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,440 1,265 1,180 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 240 120 125 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,055 1,535 1,520 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovak 145 70 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,010 2,840 3,175 0.2 0.2 0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 305 155 155 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,295 2,805 3,490 0.2 0.2 0.3
Somali 260 155 110 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,315 1,255 1,060 0.1 0.1 0.1
Taiwanese 6,715 3,155 3,560 3.2 3.2 3.3 35 20 10 3.9 4.3 2.2 35,425 16,455 18,970 1.4 1.3 1.4
Iraqi 385 190 195 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,035 2,070 1,965 0.2 0.2 0.1
Salvadorean 205 105 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,045 2,495 2,550 0.2 0.2 0.2
African Caribbean 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,175 620 560 0.0 0.0 0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 955 430 525 0.5 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,040 4,270 4,770 0.3 0.3 0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 345 170 175 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,260 2,190 2,065 0.2 0.2 0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,740 800 940 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquin 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 285 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.143 65 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,300 600 695 0.0 0.0 0.1
Lithuanian 85 20 60 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,380 1,520 1,855 0.1 0.1 0.1
South African 330 155 170 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,430 3,720 3,700 0.3 0.3 0.3
Australian 210 120 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,695 4,510 4,190 0.3 0.4 0.3
Palestinian 135 65 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,245 1,165 1,075 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chilean 280 150 130 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,055 2,045 2,010 0.2 0.2 0.2
Congolese 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,020 500 515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nova Scotian 40 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 325 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ethiopian 180 100 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,130 1,050 1,080 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 180 100 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,755 1,720 2,045 0.1 0.1 0.2
Peruvian 295 135 165 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,185 1,515 1,665 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yoruba 55 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 460 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cambodian (Khmer) 190 80 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,545 1,200 1,345 0.1 0.1 0.1
Berber 80 50 35 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 455 285 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albanian 95 30 60 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,740 850 885 0.1 0.1 0.1
Maltese 35 30 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,185 570 620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 390 405 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovenian 115 60 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,725 1,330 1,390 0.1 0.1 0.1
Western European, n.o.s.145 120 45 75 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,555 1,730 1,825 0.1 0.1 0.1
New Brunswicker 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 150 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 140 85 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,190 1,065 1,125 0.1 0.1 0.1
Eritrean 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 1,065 885 0.1 0.1 0.1
African Canadian 45 35 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 980 520 455 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israeli 355 165 190 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,655 1,340 1,315 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mohawk 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 830 430 405 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 65 45 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,220 1,065 1,155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bulgarian 105 40 70 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,540 1,210 1,325 0.1 0.1 0.1
Albertan 50 40 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,155 640 525 0.0 0.1 0.0
Ghanaian 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,215 690 525 0.0 0.1 0.0
Barbadian 90 30 60 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,205 615 590 0.0 0.0 0.0
African American 85 55 30 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,485 1,350 1,135 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 80 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,460 1,150 1,315 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tunisian 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 200 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.148 155 80 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,260 1,635 1,625 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cuban 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,095 565 525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 40 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,915 1,470 1,445 0.1 0.1 0.1
Venezuelan 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,350 635 715 0.1 0.0 0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,355 1,200 1,150 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bengali 55 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,110 610 500 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroonian 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 140 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guatemalan 60 45 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,900 1,075 830 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 505 230 275 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,100 2,875 3,220 0.2 0.2 0.2
Laotian 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,785 840 955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ilocano 275 135 145 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,000 1,775 2,225 0.2 0.1 0.2
Northern Irish 80 30 55 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,135 1,045 1,085 0.1 0.1 0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.150 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,360 1,170 1,185 0.1 0.1 0.1
British Columbian 340 165 175 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,415 3,800 3,610 0.3 0.3 0.3
Ecuadorian 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 705 360 345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Franco Ontarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 75 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Argentinian 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,640 805 835 0.1 0.1 0.1
Estonian 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,360 1,115 1,245 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kurdish 110 55 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,170 1,700 1,470 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 510 235 275 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,415 6,845 7,575 0.6 0.5 0.6
Jatt 145 70 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,075 3,185 2,890 0.2 0.2 0.2
North American, n.o.s.151 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 980 545 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 390 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 300 95 200 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,650 1,385 2,265 0.1 0.1 0.2
Dominican 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 565 285 285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,520 725 795 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 330 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 475 260 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Byelorussian 110 70 40 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,695 830 865 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dene, n.o.s.152 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 655 345 310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Abenaki 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldovan 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 955 445 515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 135 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
New Zealander 105 65 45 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,555 1,825 1,730 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sudanese 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 335 345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Breton 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 110 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 230 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malaysian 585 280 300 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,615 2,170 2,445 0.2 0.2 0.2
Plains Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 135 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
North African, n.o.s.155 90 30 55 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 320 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Huron (Wendat) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 70 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saskatchewanian 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 975 430 545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Buddhist 440 190 245 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,720 1,275 1,450 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gaspesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norman 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 180 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 190 75 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,495 700 795 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ivorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteaux 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 155 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 140 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 170 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrinya 35 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,020 605 415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nicaraguan 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,485 700 785 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mauritian 110 50 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 845 425 425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kenyan 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,670 795 875 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vincentian 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 135 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordanian 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 740 365 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Manitoban 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 730 375 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cape Bretoner 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 70 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rwandan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 450 225 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grenadian 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 130 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayali 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 685 335 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 805 400 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhalese 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,115 530 585 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mayan 50 35 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,430 795 635 0.1 0.1 0.0
Honduran 60 40 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,125 570 550 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cherokee 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 365 410 0.0 0.0 0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Caribbean 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 165 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Flemish 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 730 335 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Empire Loyalist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 205 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Senegalese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 75 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,100 550 550 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sicilian 30 30 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 240 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashtun 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820 390 425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 185 80 110 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,165 1,045 1,125 0.1 0.1 0.1
Goan 125 65 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 610 290 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.158 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 80 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 255 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Zimbabwean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 675 325 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 195 75 120 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,825 940 885 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mongolian 180 80 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,415 635 785 0.1 0.0 0.1
Azorean 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 95 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamileke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ugandan 85 30 55 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 940 425 525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 210 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tanzanian 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 390 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yemeni 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 140 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central African 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Libyan 105 50 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 310 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Basque 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 630 350 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uruguayan 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 165 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan, n.o.s.159 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 135 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 455 195 260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igorot 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,060 505 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Woodland Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guinean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
St. Lucian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 85 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Prince Edward Islander 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maliseet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Beninese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 550 305 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Roma 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 270 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Costa Rican 60 15 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 710 360 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Nova Scotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 220 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Singaporean 235 120 115 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,285 1,025 1,255 0.1 0.1 0.1
Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 435 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 80 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tajik 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 315 310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amhara 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 145 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paraguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 195 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 208,400 99,765 108,635 100.0 100.0 100.0 910 460 450 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,607,010 1,277,245 1,329,765 100.0 100.0 100.0
Buddhist 11,590 4,615 6,975 5.6 4.6 6.4 75 40 30 8.2 8.7 6.7 70,670 29,515 41,150 2.7 2.3 3.1
Christian 64,405 29,125 35,280 30.9 29.2 32.5 280 135 145 30.8 29.3 32.2 863,055 394,875 468,180 33.1 30.9 35.2
Christian, n.o.s.162 20,000 8,935 11,065 9.6 9.0 10.2 80 40 40 8.8 8.7 8.9 226,120 104,755 121,365 8.7 8.2 9.1
Anabaptist 490 240 255 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,960 3,310 3,640 0.3 0.3 0.3
Anglican 2,630 1,170 1,450 1.3 1.2 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51,030 22,310 28,720 2.0 1.7 2.2
Baptist 2,420 1,045 1,370 1.2 1.0 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,680 12,025 14,650 1.0 0.9 1.1
Catholic 27,865 12,835 15,030 13.4 12.9 13.8 155 75 80 17.0 16.3 17.8 355,990 165,345 190,645 13.7 12.9 14.3
Christian Orthodox 1,730 830 895 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,340 17,210 18,130 1.4 1.3 1.4
Jehovah's Witness 480 190 295 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,740 4,245 5,495 0.4 0.3 0.4
Latter Day Saints 110 35 70 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,565 1,595 1,970 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lutheran 900 350 555 0.4 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,695 7,575 10,120 0.7 0.6 0.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 245 125 125 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,165 1,475 1,690 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 890 395 495 0.4 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,555 8,325 10,230 0.7 0.7 0.8
Presbyterian 590 295 295 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,190 6,290 7,900 0.5 0.5 0.6
Reformed 365 165 200 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,135 2,060 2,075 0.2 0.2 0.2
United Church 2,505 1,050 1,450 1.2 1.1 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 46,145 18,220 27,930 1.8 1.4 2.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 3,185 1,455 1,725 1.5 1.5 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,745 20,125 23,620 1.7 1.6 1.8
Hindu 2,605 1,285 1,325 1.3 1.3 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 66,530 34,220 32,315 2.6 2.7 2.4
Jewish 2,515 1,185 1,335 1.2 1.2 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,125 9,720 10,400 0.8 0.8 0.8
Muslim 7,630 3,770 3,860 3.7 3.8 3.6 30 10 15 3.3 2.2 3.3 110,645 55,325 55,320 4.2 4.3 4.2
Sikh 6,985 3,445 3,540 3.4 3.5 3.3 20 10 10 2.2 2.2 2.2 222,160 111,055 111,110 8.5 8.7 8.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 40 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,865 850 1,015 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions 1,490 660 830 0.7 0.7 0.8 30 15 15 3.3 3.3 3.3 24,205 10,245 13,960 0.9 0.8 1.0
No religion and secular perspectives 111,140 55,655 55,480 53.3 55.8 51.1 480 250 230 52.7 54.3 51.1 1,227,760 631,445 596,315 47.1 49.4 44.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 206,970 99,030 107,940 100.0 100.0 100.0 905 460 450 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,585,295 1,266,080 1,319,215 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 179,845 85,835 94,010 86.9 86.7 87.1 865 445 420 95.6 96.7 93.3 2,201,935 1,077,700 1,124,235 85.2 85.1 85.2
Movers 27,120 13,200 13,925 13.1 13.3 12.9 40 10 25 4.4 2.2 5.6 383,360 188,375 194,990 14.8 14.9 14.8
Non-migrants 14,960 7,250 7,705 7.2 7.3 7.1 25 10 10 2.8 2.2 2.2 219,965 107,580 112,390 8.5 8.5 8.5
Migrants 12,160 5,945 6,220 5.9 6.0 5.8 20 0 15 2.2 0.0 3.3 163,390 80,795 82,595 6.3 6.4 6.3
Internal migrants 7,265 3,595 3,675 3.5 3.6 3.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 117,275 58,035 59,245 4.5 4.6 4.5
Intraprovincial migrants 5,505 2,680 2,825 2.7 2.7 2.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91,590 45,065 46,530 3.5 3.6 3.5
Interprovincial migrants 1,760 915 850 0.9 0.9 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,685 12,965 12,715 1.0 1.0 1.0
External migrants 4,895 2,350 2,540 2.4 2.4 2.4 20 0 15 2.2 0.0 3.3 46,115 22,765 23,350 1.8 1.8 1.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 199,940 95,490 104,450 100.0 100.0 100.0 890 450 440 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,492,425 1,218,460 1,273,965 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 121,930 57,640 64,280 61.0 60.4 61.5 710 355 360 79.8 78.9 81.8 1,416,225 688,190 728,035 56.8 56.5 57.1
Movers 78,015 37,845 40,165 39.0 39.6 38.5 175 95 85 19.7 21.1 19.3 1,076,205 530,275 545,925 43.2 43.5 42.9
Non-migrants 36,005 17,185 18,820 18.0 18.0 18.0 75 50 25 8.4 11.1 5.7 422,485 207,970 214,510 17.0 17.1 16.8
Migrants 42,010 20,665 21,345 21.0 21.6 20.4 100 40 60 11.2 8.9 13.6 653,725 322,305 331,415 26.2 26.5 26.0
Internal migrants 25,670 12,800 12,870 12.8 13.4 12.3 60 30 35 6.7 6.7 8.0 433,225 213,740 219,480 17.4 17.5 17.2
Intraprovincial migrants 20,130 9,960 10,170 10.1 10.4 9.7 30 15 15 3.4 3.3 3.4 352,105 173,190 178,920 14.1 14.2 14.0
Interprovincial migrants 5,540 2,840 2,700 2.8 3.0 2.6 25 15 15 2.8 3.3 3.4 81,115 40,555 40,565 3.3 3.3 3.2
External migrants 16,330 7,865 8,475 8.2 8.2 8.1 45 15 25 5.1 3.3 5.7 220,500 108,565 111,935 8.8 8.9 8.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 180,475 85,420 95,050 100.0 100.0 100.0 795 390 405 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,235,450 1,085,250 1,150,200 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 22,675 10,455 12,220 12.6 12.2 12.9 190 100 90 23.9 25.6 22.2 295,740 148,690 147,050 13.2 13.7 12.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 157,795 74,965 82,835 87.4 87.8 87.1 605 295 310 76.1 75.6 76.5 1,939,710 936,560 1,003,150 86.8 86.3 87.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 116,285 54,450 61,835 100.0 100.0 100.0 510 250 260 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,487,140 723,545 763,595 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 7,720 3,710 4,010 6.6 6.8 6.5 75 50 30 14.7 20.0 11.5 113,680 62,460 51,220 7.6 8.6 6.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 108,560 50,740 57,820 93.4 93.2 93.5 430 205 230 84.3 82.0 88.5 1,373,460 661,085 712,375 92.4 91.4 93.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 180,475 85,420 95,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 800 390 405 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,235,450 1,085,245 1,150,200 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 21,470 9,705 11,770 11.9 11.4 12.4 190 95 95 23.8 24.4 23.5 270,240 133,165 137,080 12.1 12.3 11.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 51,785 25,010 26,780 28.7 29.3 28.2 260 125 135 32.5 32.1 33.3 618,710 309,440 309,270 27.7 28.5 26.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 107,215 50,710 56,505 59.4 59.4 59.4 350 175 175 43.8 44.9 43.2 1,346,495 642,645 703,850 60.2 59.2 61.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 40,755 19,220 21,535 22.6 22.5 22.7 120 80 45 15.0 20.5 11.1 558,985 276,030 282,950 25.0 25.4 24.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 7,125 4,820 2,295 3.9 5.6 2.4 25 20 0 3.1 5.1 0.0 125,770 90,605 35,165 5.6 8.3 3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 3,645 2,110 1,540 2.0 2.5 1.6 15 10 0 1.9 2.6 0.0 57,895 33,635 24,260 2.6 3.1 2.1
Apprenticeship certificate169 3,470 2,715 765 1.9 3.2 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 67,870 56,970 10,895 3.0 5.2 0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 24,940 10,540 14,400 13.8 12.3 15.1 60 35 20 7.5 9.0 4.9 340,715 145,610 195,105 15.2 13.4 17.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 8,700 3,860 4,830 4.8 4.5 5.1 40 20 20 5.0 5.1 4.9 92,495 39,815 52,680 4.1 3.7 4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher 66,460 31,480 34,975 36.8 36.9 36.8 230 95 125 28.8 24.4 30.9 787,510 366,615 420,900 35.2 33.8 36.6
Bachelor's degree 46,740 21,510 25,235 25.9 25.2 26.5 160 65 100 20.0 16.7 24.7 511,110 234,090 277,025 22.9 21.6 24.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 3,970 1,755 2,210 2.2 2.1 2.3 10 0 10 1.3 0.0 2.5 54,185 23,010 31,175 2.4 2.1 2.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 1,285 710 575 0.7 0.8 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,895 10,875 10,020 0.9 1.0 0.9
Master's degree 12,830 6,435 6,395 7.1 7.5 6.7 50 35 20 6.3 9.0 4.9 173,475 82,085 91,395 7.8 7.6 7.9
Earned doctorate171 1,630 1,075 555 0.9 1.3 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,850 16,560 11,290 1.2 1.5 1.0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 116,285 54,450 61,835 100.0 100.0 100.0 510 255 255 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,487,140 723,545 763,595 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 7,100 3,345 3,750 6.1 6.1 6.1 70 45 25 13.7 17.6 9.8 98,700 53,545 45,155 6.6 7.4 5.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 26,795 13,205 13,590 23.0 24.3 22.0 170 85 85 33.3 33.3 33.3 339,580 177,700 161,885 22.8 24.6 21.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 82,395 37,900 44,495 70.9 69.6 72.0 270 120 145 52.9 47.1 56.9 1,048,860 492,300 556,560 70.5 68.0 72.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 28,920 13,320 15,595 24.9 24.5 25.2 70 40 35 13.7 15.7 13.7 406,400 200,350 206,050 27.3 27.7 27.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 4,555 3,070 1,490 3.9 5.6 2.4 10 0 0 2.0 0.0 0.0 87,160 63,525 23,635 5.9 8.8 3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 2,360 1,380 980 2.0 2.5 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,895 23,460 16,430 2.7 3.2 2.2
Apprenticeship certificate169 2,195 1,685 515 1.9 3.1 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47,265 40,060 7,200 3.2 5.5 0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 17,875 7,435 10,440 15.4 13.7 16.9 45 20 20 8.8 7.8 7.8 251,750 107,915 143,830 16.9 14.9 18.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 6,485 2,820 3,665 5.6 5.2 5.9 20 10 10 3.9 3.9 3.9 67,495 28,910 38,585 4.5 4.0 5.1
Bachelor's degree or higher 53,475 24,575 28,900 46.0 45.1 46.7 195 85 115 38.2 33.3 45.1 642,460 291,950 350,505 43.2 40.3 45.9
Bachelor's degree 37,395 16,755 20,645 32.2 30.8 33.4 135 50 80 26.5 19.6 31.4 414,745 186,995 227,750 27.9 25.8 29.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 3,045 1,335 1,710 2.6 2.5 2.8 10 0 10 2.0 0.0 3.9 42,780 17,630 25,155 2.9 2.4 3.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 910 450 455 0.8 0.8 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,140 7,610 8,530 1.1 1.1 1.1
Master's degree 10,850 5,245 5,605 9.3 9.6 9.1 45 30 20 8.8 11.8 7.8 147,665 67,915 79,745 9.9 9.4 10.4
Earned doctorate171 1,270 790 480 1.1 1.5 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,130 11,800 9,325 1.4 1.6 1.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 180,475 85,420 95,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 800 390 410 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,235,450 1,085,250 1,150,200 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 73,260 34,715 38,550 40.6 40.6 40.6 450 215 230 56.3 55.1 56.1 888,950 442,605 446,350 39.8 40.8 38.8
Education 5,110 1,070 4,035 2.8 1.3 4.2 10 0 10 1.3 0.0 2.4 75,935 16,505 59,430 3.4 1.5 5.2
13. Education 5,110 1,070 4,035 2.8 1.3 4.2 10 0 10 1.3 0.0 2.4 75,935 16,505 59,430 3.4 1.5 5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 4,870 1,945 2,925 2.7 2.3 3.1 15 10 10 1.9 2.6 2.4 73,865 32,310 41,560 3.3 3.0 3.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 495 315 185 0.3 0.4 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,590 6,745 2,845 0.4 0.6 0.2
50. Visual and performing arts 4,375 1,630 2,745 2.4 1.9 2.9 15 10 10 1.9 2.6 2.4 64,275 25,560 38,715 2.9 2.4 3.4
Humanities 6,865 2,415 4,450 3.8 2.8 4.7 45 10 30 5.6 2.6 7.3 90,800 34,155 56,640 4.1 3.1 4.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 1,230 300 930 0.7 0.4 1.0 10 0 0 1.3 0.0 0.0 12,250 2,740 9,505 0.5 0.3 0.8
23. English language and literature/letters 1,650 425 1,225 0.9 0.5 1.3 15 0 15 1.9 0.0 3.7 22,355 6,365 15,990 1.0 0.6 1.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 2,550 895 1,655 1.4 1.0 1.7 15 0 10 1.9 0.0 2.4 33,430 13,310 20,120 1.5 1.2 1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 60 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,400 580 820 0.1 0.1 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 235 155 85 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,235 2,455 1,775 0.2 0.2 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 355 230 130 0.2 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,615 3,425 2,185 0.3 0.3 0.2
54. History 595 335 260 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,235 4,855 4,380 0.4 0.4 0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 190 50 140 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,275 420 1,860 0.1 0.0 0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law 14,515 5,425 9,090 8.0 6.4 9.6 55 25 25 6.9 6.4 6.1 181,015 66,150 114,860 8.1 6.1 10.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 275 80 200 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,060 780 2,275 0.1 0.1 0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 1,460 535 930 0.8 0.6 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,785 8,020 13,765 1.0 0.7 1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 1,635 200 1,435 0.9 0.2 1.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,615 2,070 17,540 0.9 0.2 1.5
22. Legal professions and studies 1,685 645 1,040 0.9 0.8 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,505 10,580 17,925 1.3 1.0 1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 210 65 145 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,955 1,540 2,415 0.2 0.1 0.2
42. Psychology 2,440 665 1,775 1.4 0.8 1.9 20 15 0 2.5 3.8 0.0 31,715 8,225 23,490 1.4 0.8 2.0
45. Social sciences 6,805 3,245 3,560 3.8 3.8 3.7 25 15 10 3.1 3.8 2.4 72,385 34,935 37,445 3.2 3.2 3.3
Business, management and public administration 29,705 12,495 17,210 16.5 14.6 18.1 90 40 50 11.3 10.3 12.2 302,700 133,510 169,185 13.5 12.3 14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 380 140 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 645 175 465 0.4 0.2 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,335 2,820 8,510 0.5 0.3 0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 29,045 12,320 16,725 16.1 14.4 17.6 90 40 50 11.3 10.3 12.2 290,990 130,550 160,435 13.0 12.0 13.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies 5,370 2,770 2,600 3.0 3.2 2.7 30 10 20 3.8 2.6 4.9 66,830 33,750 33,075 3.0 3.1 2.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 2,025 945 1,075 1.1 1.1 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,200 11,580 15,615 1.2 1.1 1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 1,465 665 800 0.8 0.8 0.8 20 0 15 2.5 0.0 3.7 17,195 8,105 9,090 0.8 0.7 0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 105 35 75 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,175 380 790 0.1 0.0 0.1
40. Physical sciences 1,705 1,095 615 0.9 1.3 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,630 13,110 6,520 0.9 1.2 0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians 65 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,635 575 1,060 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 7,090 4,700 2,385 3.9 5.5 2.5 20 20 0 2.5 5.1 0.0 76,280 50,520 25,750 3.4 4.7 2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 5,535 3,940 1,595 3.1 4.6 1.7 10 10 0 1.3 2.6 0.0 61,500 43,510 17,990 2.8 4.0 1.6
25. Library science 200 35 165 0.1 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,480 480 2,995 0.2 0.0 0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics 1,145 600 550 0.6 0.7 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,330 5,295 4,030 0.4 0.5 0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 210 135 75 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,970 1,235 735 0.1 0.1 0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 16,775 14,050 2,725 9.3 16.4 2.9 35 30 0 4.4 7.7 0.0 229,970 197,375 32,600 10.3 18.2 2.8
04. Architecture and related services 750 485 265 0.4 0.6 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,705 8,150 5,550 0.6 0.8 0.5
14. Engineering 8,470 6,640 1,835 4.7 7.8 1.9 25 25 0 3.1 6.4 0.0 90,240 71,455 18,785 4.0 6.6 1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 3,135 2,680 455 1.7 3.1 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,830 34,540 5,285 1.8 3.2 0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 1,520 1,470 50 0.8 1.7 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,615 38,335 1,285 1.8 3.5 0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 2,235 2,160 75 1.2 2.5 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,675 29,845 830 1.4 2.8 0.1
48. Precision production 665 620 45 0.4 0.7 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,870 15,040 830 0.7 1.4 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 1,475 755 720 0.8 0.9 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,905 10,985 10,920 1.0 1.0 0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 920 430 485 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,770 6,365 7,405 0.6 0.6 0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation 555 325 240 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,135 4,620 3,515 0.4 0.4 0.3
Health and related fields 11,580 3,040 8,535 6.4 3.6 9.0 35 15 15 4.4 3.8 3.7 174,055 41,275 132,775 7.8 3.8 11.5
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 930 500 435 0.5 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,125 7,280 6,845 0.6 0.7 0.6
51. Health professions and related programs178 10,360 2,350 8,010 5.7 2.8 8.4 35 15 15 4.4 3.8 3.7 153,200 30,315 122,885 6.9 2.8 10.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 105 285 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 265 185 80 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,335 3,570 2,760 0.3 0.3 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 3,835 2,035 1,805 2.1 2.4 1.9 15 15 0 1.9 3.8 0.0 52,785 25,945 26,845 2.4 2.4 2.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 2,725 1,130 1,590 1.5 1.3 1.7 15 15 0 1.9 3.8 0.0 35,450 11,910 23,540 1.6 1.1 2.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 90 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 35 35 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 235 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 290 235 55 0.2 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,585 4,795 1,795 0.3 0.4 0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving 780 625 155 0.4 0.7 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,385 8,915 1,475 0.5 0.8 0.1
Other179 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 160 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 116,285 54,450 61,835 100.0 100.0 100.0 505 250 255 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,487,140 723,545 763,600 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 33,885 16,545 17,340 29.1 30.4 28.0 240 130 110 47.5 52.0 43.1 438,280 231,245 207,040 29.5 32.0 27.1
Education 3,415 715 2,700 2.9 1.3 4.4 10 0 10 2.0 0.0 3.9 51,580 10,640 40,940 3.5 1.5 5.4
13. Education 3,415 715 2,700 2.9 1.3 4.4 10 0 10 2.0 0.0 3.9 51,580 10,640 40,940 3.5 1.5 5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 3,720 1,415 2,305 3.2 2.6 3.7 10 0 0 2.0 0.0 0.0 59,805 26,225 33,580 4.0 3.6 4.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 345 200 150 0.3 0.4 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,535 5,330 2,205 0.5 0.7 0.3
50. Visual and performing arts 3,375 1,215 2,155 2.9 2.2 3.5 10 0 0 2.0 0.0 0.0 52,270 20,890 31,375 3.5 2.9 4.1
Humanities 5,135 1,715 3,420 4.4 3.1 5.5 30 10 25 5.9 4.0 9.8 68,095 24,705 43,390 4.6 3.4 5.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 925 175 755 0.8 0.3 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,520 1,915 7,600 0.6 0.3 1.0
23. English language and literature/letters 1,235 310 925 1.1 0.6 1.5 15 0 15 3.0 0.0 5.9 17,085 4,665 12,420 1.1 0.6 1.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 1,970 670 1,305 1.7 1.2 2.1 10 0 10 2.0 0.0 3.9 24,685 9,465 15,220 1.7 1.3 2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 985 415 570 0.1 0.1 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 185 125 60 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,245 1,815 1,430 0.2 0.3 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 260 160 95 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,030 2,475 1,550 0.3 0.3 0.2
54. History 395 220 170 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,970 3,665 3,305 0.5 0.5 0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 140 45 95 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,580 290 1,290 0.1 0.0 0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law 11,655 4,155 7,495 10.0 7.6 12.1 45 20 20 8.9 8.0 7.8 146,480 52,030 94,445 9.8 7.2 12.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 240 70 170 0.2 0.1 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,525 630 1,895 0.2 0.1 0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 1,245 450 800 1.1 0.8 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,875 6,840 12,040 1.3 0.9 1.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 1,225 110 1,115 1.1 0.2 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,045 1,535 13,510 1.0 0.2 1.8
22. Legal professions and studies 1,350 445 905 1.2 0.8 1.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,285 7,795 15,490 1.6 1.1 2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 180 40 135 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,125 1,235 1,890 0.2 0.2 0.2
42. Psychology 1,960 495 1,465 1.7 0.9 2.4 20 15 0 4.0 6.0 0.0 25,160 6,220 18,935 1.7 0.9 2.5
45. Social sciences 5,455 2,545 2,910 4.7 4.7 4.7 15 0 10 3.0 0.0 3.9 58,470 27,780 30,690 3.9 3.8 4.0
Business, management and public administration 24,005 9,900 14,105 20.6 18.2 22.8 70 30 40 13.9 12.0 15.7 243,445 105,175 138,270 16.4 14.5 18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 105 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 445 150 290 0.4 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,465 2,065 6,400 0.6 0.3 0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 23,550 9,755 13,800 20.3 17.9 22.3 70 30 40 13.9 12.0 15.7 234,700 103,005 131,695 15.8 14.2 17.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies 4,005 1,960 2,050 3.4 3.6 3.3 25 10 15 5.0 4.0 5.9 50,200 24,465 25,730 3.4 3.4 3.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 1,595 750 840 1.4 1.4 1.4 10 0 0 2.0 0.0 0.0 21,250 8,820 12,430 1.4 1.2 1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 1,140 500 640 1.0 0.9 1.0 15 0 10 3.0 0.0 3.9 12,625 5,805 6,820 0.8 0.8 0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 95 25 70 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,005 320 685 0.1 0.0 0.1
40. Physical sciences 1,135 665 475 1.0 1.2 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,320 9,165 5,155 1.0 1.3 0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000 355 645 0.1 0.0 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 6,010 4,000 2,010 5.2 7.3 3.3 15 10 0 3.0 4.0 0.0 64,750 43,335 21,415 4.4 6.0 2.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 4,865 3,450 1,420 4.2 6.3 2.3 10 0 0 2.0 0.0 0.0 54,150 38,435 15,715 3.6 5.3 2.1
25. Library science 120 20 100 0.1 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,225 330 1,890 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 855 420 435 0.7 0.8 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,765 3,585 3,180 0.5 0.5 0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 160 105 60 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,605 985 625 0.1 0.1 0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 11,990 9,735 2,255 10.3 17.9 3.6 25 20 0 5.0 8.0 0.0 173,935 146,010 27,925 11.7 20.2 3.7
04. Architecture and related services 570 350 225 0.5 0.6 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,930 6,135 4,795 0.7 0.8 0.6
14. Engineering 6,410 4,860 1,545 5.5 8.9 2.5 15 15 0 3.0 6.0 0.0 72,485 55,885 16,595 4.9 7.7 2.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 2,135 1,760 375 1.8 3.2 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,765 24,475 4,285 1.9 3.4 0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 950 925 25 0.8 1.7 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29,260 28,285 980 2.0 3.9 0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 1,520 1,470 50 1.3 2.7 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,730 21,150 580 1.5 2.9 0.1
48. Precision production 400 360 40 0.3 0.7 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,730 10,065 660 0.7 1.4 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 1,140 560 575 1.0 1.0 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,030 8,095 8,935 1.1 1.1 1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 710 335 375 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,565 4,630 5,940 0.7 0.6 0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation 430 225 205 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,455 3,460 2,995 0.4 0.5 0.4
Health and related fields 8,520 2,300 6,220 7.3 4.2 10.1 30 15 15 5.9 6.0 5.9 133,890 32,145 101,745 9.0 4.4 13.3
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 690 370 320 0.6 0.7 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,170 5,860 5,310 0.8 0.8 0.7
51. Health professions and related programs178 7,635 1,825 5,805 6.6 3.4 9.4 30 15 15 5.9 6.0 5.9 117,795 23,885 93,910 7.9 3.3 12.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 55 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 175 105 75 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,600 2,345 2,255 0.3 0.3 0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services 2,780 1,440 1,340 2.4 2.6 2.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,360 19,360 20,000 2.6 2.7 2.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 2,005 835 1,170 1.7 1.5 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,475 9,075 17,405 1.8 1.3 2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 50 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 105 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 195 150 45 0.2 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,205 3,725 1,480 0.4 0.5 0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving 560 435 120 0.5 0.8 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,505 6,405 1,095 0.5 0.9 0.1
Other179 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 115 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 116,285 54,450 61,835 100.0 100.0 100.0 505 250 255 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,487,140 723,545 763,600 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 33,885 16,545 17,340 29.1 30.4 28.0 240 130 110 47.5 52.0 43.1 438,280 231,245 207,040 29.5 32.0 27.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 82,400 37,905 44,495 70.9 69.6 72.0 265 125 150 52.5 50.0 58.8 1,048,860 492,300 556,560 70.5 68.0 72.9
Location of study inside Canada 48,110 23,150 24,960 41.4 42.5 40.4 185 95 90 36.6 38.0 35.3 686,455 329,045 357,410 46.2 45.5 46.8
Same as province or territory of residence 40,380 19,210 21,170 34.7 35.3 34.2 180 95 85 35.6 38.0 33.3 560,960 265,580 295,380 37.7 36.7 38.7
Different than province or territory of residence 7,730 3,940 3,790 6.6 7.2 6.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,495 63,465 62,030 8.4 8.8 8.1
Location of study outside Canada182 34,285 14,750 19,535 29.5 27.1 31.6 80 25 60 15.8 10.0 23.5 362,405 163,250 199,150 24.4 22.6 26.1
Americas 3,730 1,840 1,890 3.2 3.4 3.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,040 29,375 29,660 4.0 4.1 3.9
United States of America 2,895 1,435 1,455 2.5 2.6 2.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,205 19,280 17,930 2.5 2.7 2.3
Mexico 200 90 110 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,220 3,305 3,910 0.5 0.5 0.5
Cuba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 105 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 125 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Brazil 305 160 150 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,345 3,445 3,905 0.5 0.5 0.5
Colombia 60 35 25 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,870 825 1,045 0.1 0.1 0.1
Peru 75 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 730 275 460 0.0 0.0 0.1
Venezuela95 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 305 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Americas 165 80 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,465 1,705 1,760 0.2 0.2 0.2
Europe 3,235 1,660 1,570 2.8 3.0 2.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 63,555 32,760 30,800 4.3 4.5 4.0
Belgium 60 45 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 290 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
France 195 100 95 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,900 2,075 1,825 0.3 0.3 0.2
Germany 135 70 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,705 1,435 1,270 0.2 0.2 0.2
Netherlands 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,140 645 495 0.1 0.1 0.1
Switzerland 60 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 995 470 525 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hungary 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 620 295 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldova183 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 180 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poland 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,260 1,050 1,210 0.2 0.1 0.2
Romania 135 70 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,925 1,420 1,505 0.2 0.2 0.2
Russian Federation 370 155 210 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,870 2,220 2,650 0.3 0.3 0.3
Ukraine 310 150 160 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,460 1,580 1,880 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ireland96 75 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,855 2,800 2,050 0.3 0.4 0.3
United Kingdom87 1,470 795 675 1.3 1.5 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,465 13,025 11,445 1.6 1.8 1.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 720 345 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,190 655 535 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbia86 65 25 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,395 760 635 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other locations of study in Europe 230 140 90 0.2 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,140 3,515 3,625 0.5 0.5 0.5
Africa 515 240 280 0.4 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,865 4,185 3,680 0.5 0.6 0.5
Nigeria 65 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 450 360 0.1 0.1 0.0
Algeria 15 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 65 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 130 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisia 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 155 60 100 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,240 650 600 0.1 0.1 0.1
South Africa, Republic of 115 50 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,345 1,760 1,585 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other locations of study in Africa 140 65 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,000 1,085 910 0.1 0.1 0.1
Asia 26,100 10,665 15,440 22.4 19.6 25.0 70 20 50 13.9 8.0 19.6 221,415 91,510 129,910 14.9 12.6 17.0
Iran88 240 85 155 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,505 6,785 8,720 1.0 0.9 1.1
Iraq 115 55 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,335 770 570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Israel 140 80 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,150 600 550 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lebanon 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 195 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syria89 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 310 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkey 80 45 30 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,435 855 585 0.1 0.1 0.1
China90 11,995 5,035 6,960 10.3 9.2 11.3 15 0 15 3.0 0.0 5.9 55,615 23,085 32,530 3.7 3.2 4.3
Taiwan 1,610 590 1,020 1.4 1.1 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,345 2,800 5,550 0.6 0.4 0.7
Hong Kong91 2,200 845 1,360 1.9 1.6 2.2 15 10 0 3.0 4.0 0.0 6,780 2,720 4,060 0.5 0.4 0.5
Japan 765 215 550 0.7 0.4 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,510 1,640 4,870 0.4 0.2 0.6
Korea, South92 520 175 345 0.4 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,035 6,170 10,860 1.1 0.9 1.4
Philippines 5,465 2,210 3,255 4.7 4.1 5.3 30 10 20 5.9 4.0 7.8 44,305 16,490 27,815 3.0 2.3 3.6
Viet Nam 50 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,695 480 1,225 0.1 0.1 0.2
Bangladesh 50 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 945 415 530 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sri Lanka 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 450 440 0.1 0.1 0.1
India 1,645 755 885 1.4 1.4 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47,280 22,510 24,775 3.2 3.1 3.2
Pakistan 355 160 195 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,380 1,585 1,795 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other locations of study in Asia 780 340 440 0.7 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,165 3,655 4,510 0.5 0.5 0.6
Oceania 700 345 355 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,530 5,420 5,105 0.7 0.7 0.7
Australia 560 260 295 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,745 3,915 3,830 0.5 0.5 0.5
New Zealand 120 70 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,045 1,110 935 0.1 0.2 0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 735 395 345 0.0 0.1 0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 180,475 85,420 95,055 ... ... ... 800 390 405 ... ... ... 2,235,450 1,085,245 1,150,200 ... ... ...
In the labour force 108,470 55,070 53,400 ... ... ... 450 215 235 ... ... ... 1,468,220 760,055 708,170 ... ... ...
Employed 96,785 49,565 47,220 ... ... ... 405 195 210 ... ... ... 1,341,570 698,335 643,240 ... ... ...
Unemployed 11,685 5,505 6,180 ... ... ... 45 15 25 ... ... ... 126,650 61,720 64,930 ... ... ...
Not in the labour force 72,005 30,350 41,655 ... ... ... 345 175 175 ... ... ... 767,230 325,195 442,035 ... ... ...
Participation rate 60.1 64.5 56.2 60.1 64.5 56.2 56.3 55.1 58.0 56.3 55.1 58.0 65.7 70.0 61.6 65.7 70.0 61.6
Employment rate 53.6 58.0 49.7 53.6 58.0 49.7 50.6 50.0 51.9 50.6 50.0 51.9 60.0 64.3 55.9 60.0 64.3 55.9
Unemployment rate 10.8 10.0 11.6 10.8 10.0 11.6 10.0 7.0 10.6 10.0 7.0 10.6 8.6 8.1 9.2 8.6 8.1 9.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 180,475 85,420 95,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 800 390 410 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,235,450 1,085,250 1,150,200 100.0 100.0 100.0
Did not work186 73,890 31,610 42,275 40.9 37.0 44.5 340 175 165 42.5 44.9 40.2 793,200 341,135 452,065 35.5 31.4 39.3
Worked 106,585 53,805 52,780 59.1 63.0 55.5 455 215 240 56.9 55.1 58.5 1,442,245 744,110 698,140 64.5 68.6 60.7
Worked full year full time187 52,565 29,130 23,435 29.1 34.1 24.7 235 120 115 29.4 30.8 28.0 756,970 430,080 326,890 33.9 39.6 28.4
Worked part year and/or part time188 54,020 24,675 29,340 29.9 28.9 30.9 220 100 125 27.5 25.6 30.5 685,280 314,040 371,250 30.7 28.9 32.3
Average weeks worked in reference year 39.6 40.6 38.5 39.6 40.6 38.5 39.3 40.0 38.6 39.3 40.0 38.6 40.9 42.0 39.8 40.9 42.0 39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 108,470 55,070 53,400 100.0 100.0 100.0 450 215 235 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,468,220 760,055 708,165 100.0 100.0 100.0
Class of worker - not applicable190 3,325 1,585 1,740 3.1 2.9 3.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,920 15,490 17,425 2.2 2.0 2.5
All classes of workers191 105,145 53,485 51,660 96.9 97.1 96.7 440 205 235 97.8 95.3 100.0 1,435,305 744,565 690,740 97.8 98.0 97.5
Employee 86,205 42,010 44,190 79.5 76.3 82.8 370 160 210 82.2 74.4 89.4 1,189,685 593,935 595,750 81.0 78.1 84.1
Permanent position 70,835 35,160 35,675 65.3 63.8 66.8 300 125 175 66.7 58.1 74.5 991,085 503,685 487,400 67.5 66.3 68.8
Temporary position 15,370 6,855 8,515 14.2 12.4 15.9 65 35 30 14.4 16.3 12.8 198,600 90,255 108,345 13.5 11.9 15.3
Fixed term (1 year or more) 6,450 2,755 3,700 5.9 5.0 6.9 15 0 10 3.3 0.0 4.3 74,240 34,305 39,935 5.1 4.5 5.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 8,915 4,095 4,815 8.2 7.4 9.0 50 30 20 11.1 14.0 8.5 124,360 55,945 68,415 8.5 7.4 9.7
Self-employed192 18,940 11,470 7,475 17.5 20.8 14.0 70 45 25 15.6 20.9 10.6 245,620 150,630 94,990 16.7 19.8 13.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 108,470 55,070 53,400 100.0 100.0 100.0 450 215 235 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,468,220 760,055 708,165 100.0 100.0 100.0
Occupation - not applicable190 3,325 1,585 1,740 3.1 2.9 3.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,920 15,490 17,425 2.2 2.0 2.5
All occupations191 105,145 53,485 51,660 96.9 97.1 96.7 440 205 235 97.8 95.3 100.0 1,435,305 744,565 690,740 97.8 98.0 97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 1,195 910 285 1.1 1.7 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,140 14,590 5,550 1.4 1.9 0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 23,010 8,200 14,815 21.2 14.9 27.7 110 25 80 24.4 11.6 34.0 274,800 93,785 181,015 18.7 12.3 25.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 10,200 7,800 2,405 9.4 14.2 4.5 50 35 15 11.1 16.3 6.4 137,100 103,835 33,260 9.3 13.7 4.7
3 Health occupations 6,610 1,820 4,790 6.1 3.3 9.0 35 15 15 7.8 7.0 6.4 103,155 24,855 78,300 7.0 3.3 11.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 10,615 3,410 7,205 9.8 6.2 13.5 35 10 20 7.8 4.7 8.5 167,840 56,580 111,255 11.4 7.4 15.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 4,055 1,915 2,145 3.7 3.5 4.0 0 10 0 0.0 4.7 0.0 74,525 37,355 37,170 5.1 4.9 5.2
6 Sales and service occupations 31,785 14,840 16,940 29.3 26.9 31.7 135 55 80 30.0 25.6 34.0 366,180 166,370 199,805 24.9 21.9 28.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 13,405 11,845 1,560 12.4 21.5 2.9 50 45 0 11.1 20.9 0.0 227,715 205,305 22,410 15.5 27.0 3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 1,045 755 290 1.0 1.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,980 13,130 5,845 1.3 1.7 0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 3,225 1,985 1,235 3.0 3.6 2.3 20 0 10 4.4 0.0 4.3 44,875 28,745 16,125 3.1 3.8 2.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 108,470 55,070 53,400 100.0 100.0 100.0 450 215 235 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,468,220 760,055 708,165 100.0 100.0 100.0
Industry - not applicable190 3,325 1,585 1,740 3.1 2.9 3.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,920 15,490 17,425 2.2 2.0 2.5
All industries191 105,145 53,485 51,660 96.9 97.1 96.7 440 205 235 97.8 95.3 100.0 1,435,305 744,565 690,740 97.8 98.0 97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 775 435 335 0.7 0.8 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,760 6,875 5,890 0.9 0.9 0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 210 110 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,030 2,870 1,160 0.3 0.4 0.2
22 Utilities 370 240 135 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,120 5,355 2,760 0.6 0.7 0.4
23 Construction 5,290 4,415 870 4.9 8.0 1.6 15 15 10 3.3 7.0 4.3 114,600 97,775 16,815 7.8 12.9 2.4
31-33 Manufacturing 6,060 3,905 2,155 5.6 7.1 4.0 20 10 15 4.4 4.7 6.4 83,255 55,325 27,935 5.7 7.3 3.9
41 Wholesale trade 5,200 3,140 2,055 4.8 5.7 3.8 20 15 0 4.4 7.0 0.0 54,360 34,870 19,495 3.7 4.6 2.8
44-45 Retail trade 13,675 6,530 7,150 12.6 11.9 13.4 70 45 25 15.6 20.9 10.6 159,825 76,145 83,680 10.9 10.0 11.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 7,640 5,390 2,255 7.0 9.8 4.2 45 30 10 10.0 14.0 4.3 86,180 65,075 21,105 5.9 8.6 3.0
51 Information and cultural industries 2,885 1,785 1,100 2.7 3.2 2.1 10 0 0 2.2 0.0 0.0 55,000 34,460 20,545 3.7 4.5 2.9
52 Finance and insurance 6,435 2,965 3,470 5.9 5.4 6.5 20 0 20 4.4 0.0 8.5 66,980 31,000 35,975 4.6 4.1 5.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 3,565 1,880 1,685 3.3 3.4 3.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,130 20,925 17,210 2.6 2.8 2.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 11,250 6,275 4,980 10.4 11.4 9.3 40 30 10 8.9 14.0 4.3 160,590 90,735 69,855 10.9 11.9 9.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises 320 130 185 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,050 1,860 2,190 0.3 0.2 0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 3,965 2,215 1,755 3.7 4.0 3.3 10 10 0 2.2 4.7 0.0 59,880 34,035 25,845 4.1 4.5 3.6
61 Educational services 7,700 2,585 5,120 7.1 4.7 9.6 35 0 30 7.8 0.0 12.8 110,765 37,465 73,300 7.5 4.9 10.4
62 Health care and social assistance 10,790 2,530 8,260 9.9 4.6 15.5 60 15 45 13.3 7.0 19.1 163,115 34,830 128,290 11.1 4.6 18.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 2,020 1,065 960 1.9 1.9 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,895 16,700 16,195 2.2 2.2 2.3
72 Accommodation and food services 8,895 4,285 4,610 8.2 7.8 8.6 50 15 30 11.1 7.0 12.8 96,660 41,970 54,690 6.6 5.5 7.7
81 Other services (except public administration) 4,170 1,750 2,415 3.8 3.2 4.5 15 0 0 3.3 0.0 0.0 61,285 25,500 35,790 4.2 3.4 5.1
91 Public administration 3,925 1,870 2,060 3.6 3.4 3.9 15 0 15 3.3 0.0 6.4 62,815 30,790 32,025 4.3 4.1 4.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 116,050 58,510 57,535 100.0 100.0 100.0 500 240 260 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,564,385 804,740 759,640 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 86,370 44,400 41,975 74.4 75.9 73.0 355 160 190 71.0 66.7 73.1 1,367,865 707,475 660,390 87.4 87.9 86.9
French 95 35 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,520 445 1,080 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-official language 7,775 3,965 3,815 6.7 6.8 6.6 45 30 15 9.0 12.5 5.8 45,845 23,865 21,985 2.9 3.0 2.9
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 7,775 3,965 3,815 6.7 6.8 6.6 45 30 15 9.0 12.5 5.8 45,830 23,855 21,975 2.9 3.0 2.9
English and French 620 215 400 0.5 0.4 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,770 4,625 7,145 0.8 0.6 0.9
English and non-official language(s) 19,815 9,235 10,580 17.1 15.8 18.4 90 50 40 18.0 20.8 15.4 131,765 65,565 66,200 8.4 8.1 8.7
French and non-official language(s) 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 140 55 85 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,825 825 1,005 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 1,215 590 630 1.0 1.0 1.1 10 0 10 2.0 0.0 3.8 3,715 1,920 1,795 0.2 0.2 0.2
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 116,050 58,510 57,535 100.0 100.0 100.0 500 240 260 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,564,385 804,740 759,640 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 111,145 56,185 54,960 95.8 96.0 95.5 475 220 250 95.0 91.7 96.2 1,533,680 789,170 744,505 98.0 98.1 98.0
Official languages 96,265 48,960 47,305 83.0 83.7 82.2 395 175 220 79.0 72.9 84.6 1,451,660 747,050 704,615 92.8 92.8 92.8
English 96,075 48,915 47,160 82.8 83.6 82.0 395 175 220 79.0 72.9 84.6 1,448,340 746,125 702,215 92.6 92.7 92.4
French 195 50 145 0.2 0.1 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,320 925 2,395 0.2 0.1 0.3
Non-official languages 14,880 7,225 7,650 12.8 12.3 13.3 80 45 30 16.0 18.8 11.5 82,020 42,120 39,900 5.2 5.2 5.3
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 14,880 7,225 7,650 12.8 12.3 13.3 80 45 30 16.0 18.8 11.5 81,990 42,105 39,885 5.2 5.2 5.3
Afro-Asiatic languages 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 435 275 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 275 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 220 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 110 45 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,065 720 1,345 0.1 0.1 0.2
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 110 45 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,055 715 1,335 0.1 0.1 0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 85 40 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 780 405 380 0.0 0.1 0.1
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 60 20 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 315 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 440 210 235 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,100 13,745 9,355 1.5 1.7 1.2
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 100 35 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 810 315 500 0.1 0.0 0.1
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 100 35 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 805 310 490 0.1 0.0 0.1
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 25 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 80 30 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 575 210 365 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 65 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 40 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
German 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 35 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 270 155 120 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,215 11,920 7,300 1.2 1.5 1.0
Indo-Aryan languages 270 155 120 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,275 10,815 6,465 1.1 1.3 0.9
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 490 260 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 245 140 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,665 10,500 6,165 1.1 1.3 0.8
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,945 1,105 840 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,915 1,090 825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 70 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,650 905 745 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 115 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,810 1,395 1,405 0.2 0.2 0.2
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 40 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 480 210 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,185 1,130 1,055 0.1 0.1 0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 245 100 145 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,750 605 1,145 0.1 0.1 0.2
Korean 145 70 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,260 3,140 3,120 0.4 0.4 0.4
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 85 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 80 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 13,800 6,730 7,065 11.9 11.5 12.3 75 45 30 15.0 18.8 11.5 47,075 23,010 24,070 3.0 2.9 3.2
Chinese languages 13,800 6,730 7,065 11.9 11.5 12.3 75 45 30 15.0 18.8 11.5 47,020 22,970 24,050 3.0 2.9 3.2
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 8,150 3,875 4,270 7.0 6.6 7.4 20 15 0 4.0 6.3 0.0 27,485 13,185 14,305 1.8 1.6 1.9
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 100 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 5,595 2,830 2,765 4.8 4.8 4.8 50 25 25 10.0 10.4 9.6 19,220 9,640 9,585 1.2 1.2 1.3
Chinese, n.o.s. 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 55 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 50 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 4,900 2,325 2,575 4.2 4.0 4.5 25 20 0 5.0 8.3 0.0 30,705 15,575 15,130 2.0 1.9 2.0
English and French 115 30 90 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,495 560 930 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and non-official language(s) 4,500 2,145 2,360 3.9 3.7 4.1 25 20 0 5.0 8.3 0.0 28,315 14,535 13,780 1.8 1.8 1.8
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 275 150 120 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 785 430 355 0.1 0.1 0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 116,050 58,510 57,535 100.0 100.0 100.0 500 240 260 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,564,385 804,740 759,640 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 97,960 50,220 47,740 84.4 85.8 83.0 415 210 205 83.0 87.5 78.8 1,440,905 744,935 695,970 92.1 92.6 91.6
English 4,810 2,245 2,565 4.1 3.8 4.5 15 15 0 3.0 6.3 0.0 30,370 15,125 15,250 1.9 1.9 2.0
French 425 190 235 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,795 3,760 5,040 0.6 0.5 0.7
Non-official language 8,765 4,160 4,600 7.6 7.1 8.0 30 10 20 6.0 4.2 7.7 65,900 32,495 33,405 4.2 4.0 4.4
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 70 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 8,765 4,160 4,600 7.6 7.1 8.0 30 10 20 6.0 4.2 7.7 65,775 32,425 33,350 4.2 4.0 4.4
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 1,435 575 860 1.2 1.0 1.5 10 0 10 2.0 0.0 3.8 4,595 2,090 2,505 0.3 0.3 0.3
French and non-official language(s) 120 50 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,420 615 805 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 2,530 1,060 1,475 2.2 1.8 2.6 25 0 15 5.0 0.0 5.8 12,350 5,705 6,645 0.8 0.7 0.9
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 96,790 49,565 47,215 100.0 100.0 100.0 405 195 210 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,341,570 698,335 643,240 100.0 100.0 100.0
Worked at home 25,420 12,425 12,995 26.3 25.1 27.5 85 35 55 21.0 17.9 26.2 355,075 174,605 180,475 26.5 25.0 28.1
Worked outside Canada 1,175 750 420 1.2 1.5 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,935 5,225 2,710 0.6 0.7 0.4
No fixed workplace address 10,385 7,525 2,860 10.7 15.2 6.1 35 25 15 8.6 12.8 7.1 189,970 140,125 49,845 14.2 20.1 7.7
Usual place of work 59,815 28,870 30,945 61.8 58.2 65.5 285 140 140 70.4 71.8 66.7 788,585 378,385 410,205 58.8 54.2 63.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 59,810 28,870 30,945 100.0 100.0 100.0 285 140 145 100.0 100.0 100.0 788,585 378,385 410,205 100.0 100.0 100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 36,330 16,915 19,415 60.7 58.6 62.7 150 75 75 52.6 53.6 51.7 365,810 159,510 206,300 46.4 42.2 50.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 23,050 11,685 11,365 38.5 40.5 36.7 135 70 70 47.4 50.0 48.3 407,305 210,030 197,275 51.7 55.5 48.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 255 160 95 0.4 0.6 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,135 7,465 5,665 1.7 2.0 1.4
Commute to a different province or territory 165 105 70 0.3 0.4 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,335 1,375 960 0.3 0.4 0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 70,195 36,395 33,805 100.0 100.0 100.0 325 165 155 100.0 100.0 100.0 978,560 518,510 460,050 100.0 100.0 100.0
Car, truck or van 55,485 30,450 25,035 79.0 83.7 74.1 280 150 135 86.2 90.9 87.1 731,155 411,440 319,715 74.7 79.4 69.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver 49,815 28,870 20,940 71.0 79.3 61.9 255 135 125 78.5 81.8 80.6 666,495 387,870 278,625 68.1 74.8 60.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 5,670 1,580 4,090 8.1 4.3 12.1 30 20 10 9.2 12.1 6.5 64,660 23,570 41,090 6.6 4.5 8.9
Public transit 9,185 3,540 5,650 13.1 9.7 16.7 25 0 15 7.7 0.0 9.7 146,055 59,870 86,190 14.9 11.5 18.7
Walked 3,515 1,265 2,255 5.0 3.5 6.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 62,435 25,530 36,900 6.4 4.9 8.0
Bicycle 835 605 225 1.2 1.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,225 11,450 6,775 1.9 2.2 1.5
Other method 1,180 540 640 1.7 1.5 1.9 10 10 0 3.1 6.1 0.0 20,695 10,220 10,475 2.1 2.0 2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 70,195 36,395 33,805 100.0 100.0 100.0 325 165 155 100.0 100.0 100.0 978,560 518,510 460,050 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 15 minutes 17,170 7,900 9,265 24.5 21.7 27.4 80 45 35 24.6 27.3 22.6 202,980 91,705 111,275 20.7 17.7 24.2
15 to 29 minutes 26,775 14,090 12,690 38.1 38.7 37.5 175 80 90 53.8 48.5 58.1 341,035 176,960 164,070 34.9 34.1 35.7
30 to 44 minutes 16,890 9,340 7,550 24.1 25.7 22.3 45 25 20 13.8 15.2 12.9 258,225 149,700 108,525 26.4 28.9 23.6
45 to 59 minutes 5,250 2,925 2,320 7.5 8.0 6.9 15 10 0 4.6 6.1 0.0 96,495 55,305 41,190 9.9 10.7 9.0
60 minutes and over 4,110 2,135 1,970 5.9 5.9 5.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 79,825 44,830 34,990 8.2 8.6 7.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 70,195 36,395 33,805 100.0 100.0 100.0 325 165 155 100.0 100.0 100.0 978,560 518,510 460,050 100.0 100.0 100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 3,105 2,070 1,030 4.4 5.7 3.0 40 15 20 12.3 9.1 12.9 62,540 44,280 18,260 6.4 8.5 4.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 7,620 4,610 3,005 10.9 12.7 8.9 20 15 10 6.2 9.1 6.5 148,575 93,965 54,610 15.2 18.1 11.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 13,070 6,530 6,540 18.6 17.9 19.3 45 30 15 13.8 18.2 9.7 219,885 113,670 106,220 22.5 21.9 23.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 16,160 7,790 8,370 23.0 21.4 24.8 70 30 40 21.5 18.2 25.8 212,645 99,920 112,730 21.7 19.3 24.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 19,225 9,420 9,805 27.4 25.9 29.0 75 45 30 23.1 27.3 19.4 185,195 85,925 99,265 18.9 16.6 21.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 11,020 5,975 5,050 15.7 16.4 14.9 75 30 40 23.1 18.2 25.8 149,725 80,750 68,970 15.3 15.6 15.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 34,710 17,790 16,920 100.0 100.0 100.0 145 75 75 100.0 100.0 100.0 461,375 238,355 223,020 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 1,640 830 805 4.7 4.7 4.8 10 5 5 6.9 6.7 6.7 27,520 13,930 13,595 6.0 5.8 6.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 33,070 16,955 16,115 95.3 95.3 95.2 135 65 70 93.1 86.7 93.3 433,850 224,430 209,425 94.0 94.2 93.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 25,455 13,020 12,435 100.0 100.0 100.0 110 55 55 100.0 100.0 100.0 338,220 175,290 162,930 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 1,365 705 660 5.4 5.4 5.3 5 5 0 4.5 9.1 0.0 21,560 10,955 10,610 6.4 6.2 6.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 870 435 435 3.4 3.3 3.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,055 6,450 6,605 3.9 3.7 4.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 495 265 225 1.9 2.0 1.8 5 5 0 4.5 9.1 0.0 8,510 4,505 4,000 2.5 2.6 2.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 24,085 12,310 11,780 94.6 94.5 94.7 105 50 50 95.5 90.9 90.9 316,660 164,335 152,325 93.6 93.8 93.5

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 15, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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