Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Langley, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	28,963	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	25,888	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	11.9	...	...	11.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	13,271	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	12,598	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,845.2	...	...	2,845.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	10.18	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	28,965	13,995	14,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	4,420	2,230	2,185	15.3	15.9	14.6
0 to 4 years	1,620	815	805	5.6	5.8	5.4
5 to 9 years	1,515	765	750	5.2	5.5	5.0
10 to 14 years	1,285	650	630	4.4	4.6	4.2
15 to 64 years	18,730	9,305	9,425	64.7	66.5	63.0
15 to 19 years	1,250	635	615	4.3	4.5	4.1
20 to 24 years	1,460	750	710	5.0	5.4	4.7
25 to 29 years	2,155	1,055	1,100	7.4	7.5	7.3
30 to 34 years	2,375	1,180	1,200	8.2	8.4	8.0
35 to 39 years	2,385	1,200	1,190	8.2	8.6	7.9
40 to 44 years	1,870	935	935	6.5	6.7	6.2
45 to 49 years	1,670	820	855	5.8	5.9	5.7
50 to 54 years	1,780	875	900	6.1	6.3	6.0
55 to 59 years	1,935	955	980	6.7	6.8	6.5
60 to 64 years	1,850	905	940	6.4	6.5	6.3
65 years and over	5,815	2,455	3,360	20.1	17.5	22.4
65 to 69 years	1,640	720	920	5.7	5.1	6.1
70 to 74 years	1,535	680	860	5.3	4.9	5.7
75 to 79 years	1,085	480	605	3.7	3.4	4.0
80 to 84 years	725	295	425	2.5	2.1	2.8
85 years and over	830	275	550	2.9	2.0	3.7
85 to 89 years	480	185	295	1.7	1.3	2.0
90 to 94 years	235	70	160	0.8	0.5	1.1
95 to 99 years	95	20	75	0.3	0.1	0.5
100 years and over	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	15.9	14.6	15.3	15.9	14.6
15 to 64 years	64.7	66.5	63.0	64.7	66.5	63.0
65 years and over	20.1	17.5	22.4	20.1	17.5	22.4
85 years and over	2.9	2.0	3.7	2.9	2.0	3.7
Average age of the population	42.5	41.2	43.7	42.5	41.2	43.7
Median age of the population	41.2	39.6	42.4	41.2	39.6	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	12,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	2,685	...	...	21.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	305	...	...	2.4	...	...
Row house	1,180	...	...	9.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	765	...	...	6.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,445	...	...	59.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	210	...	...	1.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	12,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	4,465	...	...	35.5	...	...
2 persons	4,275	...	...	33.9	...	...
3 persons	1,735	...	...	13.8	...	...
4 persons	1,310	...	...	10.4	...	...
5 or more persons	815	...	...	6.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	28,025	13,570	14,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	24,545	11,760	12,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	13,165	6,610	6,555	53.6	56.2	51.3
Married	10,435	5,240	5,190	42.5	44.6	40.6
Living common-law	2,735	1,370	1,360	11.1	11.6	10.6
Living common law - Never married	2,010	1,020	995	8.2	8.7	7.8
Living common law - Separated	145	80	70	0.6	0.7	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	520	250	275	2.1	2.1	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	55	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	11,375	5,150	6,230	46.3	43.8	48.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	6,570	3,555	3,015	26.8	30.2	23.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	920	395	530	3.7	3.4	4.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,260	865	1,390	9.2	7.4	10.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,625	335	1,290	6.6	2.8	10.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	7,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	4,240	...	...	55.0	...	...
3 persons	1,645	...	...	21.3	...	...
4 persons	1,295	...	...	16.8	...	...
5 or more persons	535	...	...	6.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	7,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	6,290	...	...	81.5	...	...
Married couples	4,925	...	...	63.8	...	...
With children⁶	2,590	...	...	33.6	...	...
Without children	2,335	...	...	30.3	...	...
Common-law couples	1,365	...	...	17.7	...	...
With children⁶	425	...	...	5.5	...	...
Without children	935	...	...	12.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,420	...	...	18.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,125	...	...	14.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	295	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	28,025	13,570	14,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	21,480	10,545	10,935	76.6	77.7	75.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	12,585	6,290	6,295	44.9	46.4	43.5
Parents in one-parent families	1,420	295	1,125	5.1	2.2	7.8
Children⁶	7,480	3,965	3,515	26.7	29.2	24.3
In a two-parent family	5,465	2,830	2,635	19.5	20.9	18.2
In a one-parent family	2,015	1,135	880	7.2	8.4	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,550	3,020	3,525	23.4	22.3	24.4
Living alone	4,470	1,975	2,490	16.0	14.6	17.2
Living with other relatives⁷	710	295	415	2.5	2.2	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	1,370	750	620	4.9	5.5	4.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	12,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	6,740	...	...	53.5	...	...
Couple-family households	5,580	...	...	44.3	...	...
With children⁶	2,640	...	...	21.0	...	...
Without children	2,940	...	...	23.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,165	...	...	9.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	265	...	...	2.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	75	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	420	...	...	3.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	630	...	...	5.0	...	...
One-person households	4,470	...	...	35.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	23,615	11,340	12,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,010	11,045	11,965	97.4	97.4	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,000	36,800	42,400	50,000	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,035	11,060	11,975	97.5	97.5	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,800	34,000	38,800	44,800	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,355	9,995	10,365	86.2	88.1	84.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	48,000	28,800	37,600	48,000	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,810	8,610	8,205	71.2	75.9	66.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	51,200	33,600	42,000	51,200	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,585	8,810	10,780	82.9	77.7	87.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	8,100	11,800	10,000	8,100	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,380	990	1,385	10.1	8.7	11.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,000	5,480	5,480	5,000	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,120	2,785	3,335	25.9	24.6	27.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	23,615	11,340	12,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,040	11,095	11,945	97.6	97.8	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,880	57,050	41,280	48,880	57,050	41,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,080	11,115	11,965	97.7	98.0	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,480	48,480	36,880	42,480	48,480	36,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,375	9,975	10,400	86.3	88.0	84.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	54,300	34,920	44,400	54,300	34,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,815	8,590	8,225	71.2	75.7	67.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,000	55,450	38,160	47,000	55,450	38,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,675	8,865	10,810	83.3	78.2	88.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,250	10,300	12,030	11,250	10,300	12,030
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,340	920	1,420	9.9	8.1	11.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,100	5,580	6,440	6,100	5,580	6,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,125	2,765	3,360	25.9	24.4	27.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,750	8,430	9,010	8,750	8,430	9,010
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	23,615	11,345	12,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,670	5,035	3,635	36.7	44.4	29.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	66,000	53,600	60,000	66,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,700	73,100	57,750	66,700	73,100	57,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,355	2,670	3,680	26.9	23.5	30.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	26,200	17,600	20,600	26,200	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,720	33,160	23,760	27,720	33,160	23,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.4	85.6	73.6	80.4	85.6	73.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.2	75.2	63.6	70.2	75.2	63.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.6	14.4	26.4	19.6	14.4	26.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.8	1.9	1.3	0.8	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.0	4.6	7.9	6.0	4.6	7.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	3.7	6.1	4.8	3.7	6.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	23,615	11,345	12,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	605	300	305	2.6	2.6	2.5
With total income	23,015	11,045	11,965	97.5	97.4	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,670	670	995	7.3	6.1	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	2,405	950	1,455	10.4	8.6	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	3,555	1,320	2,240	15.4	12.0	18.7
$30,000 to $39,999	3,145	1,260	1,885	13.7	11.4	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	2,975	1,295	1,685	12.9	11.7	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	2,500	1,240	1,260	10.9	11.2	10.5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,860	1,020	840	8.1	9.2	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,430	875	550	6.2	7.9	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,010	670	345	4.4	6.1	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	765	500	265	3.3	4.5	2.2
$100,000 and over	1,690	1,250	440	7.3	11.3	3.7
$100,000 to $149,999	1,355	980	370	5.9	8.9	3.1
$150,000 and over	335	275	65	1.5	2.5	0.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	23,615	11,345	12,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	575	280	295	2.4	2.5	2.4
With after-tax income	23,040	11,060	11,975	97.6	97.5	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,730	695	1,035	7.5	6.3	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	2,465	965	1,500	10.7	8.7	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	4,060	1,545	2,520	17.6	14.0	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	3,740	1,540	2,200	16.2	13.9	18.4
$40,000 to $49,999	3,520	1,660	1,860	15.3	15.0	15.5
$50,000 to $59,999	2,585	1,390	1,200	11.2	12.6	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	1,820	1,105	710	7.9	10.0	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,210	790	420	5.3	7.1	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	735	470	260	3.2	4.2	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	455	335	120	2.0	3.0	1.0
$100,000 and over	720	565	155	3.1	5.1	1.3
$100,000 to $124,999	470	360	105	2.0	3.3	0.9
$125,000 and over	250	200	50	1.1	1.8	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	23,615	11,345	12,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	6,800	2,730	4,075	28.8	24.1	33.2
With employment income	16,815	8,610	8,200	71.2	75.9	66.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,895	805	1,090	11.3	9.3	13.3
$5,000 to $9,999	1,135	430	700	6.7	5.0	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	1,775	685	1,085	10.6	8.0	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	1,485	620	860	8.8	7.2	10.5
$30,000 to $39,999	1,775	800	970	10.6	9.3	11.8
$40,000 to $49,999	1,790	845	945	10.6	9.8	11.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,730	895	830	10.3	10.4	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	1,340	780	555	8.0	9.1	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,085	700	380	6.5	8.1	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	815	575	245	4.8	6.7	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	645	425	220	3.8	4.9	2.7
$100,000 and over	1,365	1,050	315	8.1	12.2	3.8
$100,000 to $124,999	820	615	205	4.9	7.1	2.5
$125,000 and over	545	435	110	3.2	5.1	1.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	23,615	11,340	12,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,440	10,735	11,700	95.0	94.7	95.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	48,800	33,200	39,600	48,800	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,480	10,740	11,740	95.2	94.7	95.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	42,800	30,600	35,600	42,800	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,205	9,860	10,345	85.6	86.9	84.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	48,400	29,600	37,600	48,400	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,240	8,685	8,550	73.0	76.6	69.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	50,800	32,800	40,400	50,800	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,415	6,350	9,065	65.3	56.0	73.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	5,920	8,200	7,600	5,920	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,675	695	980	7.1	6.1	8.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,600	4,560	6,200	5,600	4,560	6,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	23,615	11,340	12,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,425	10,785	11,640	95.0	95.1	94.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,880	56,000	38,400	46,880	56,000	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,475	10,785	11,690	95.2	95.1	95.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,120	46,960	33,840	40,120	46,960	33,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,260	9,890	10,370	85.8	87.2	84.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,760	55,300	34,720	44,760	55,300	34,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,315	8,675	8,640	73.3	76.5	70.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,440	54,400	36,440	45,440	54,400	36,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,445	6,385	9,065	65.4	56.3	73.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,340	8,950	9,620	9,340	8,950	9,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,610	635	975	6.8	5.6	7.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,960	6,180	9,140	7,960	6,180	9,140
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	23,615	11,345	12,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,560	4,960	3,600	36.2	43.7	29.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	63,200	49,600	56,800	63,200	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,800	69,500	53,500	62,800	69,500	53,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,005	2,490	3,515	25.4	21.9	28.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200	33,600	22,800	26,200	33,600	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,680	39,240	28,040	32,680	39,240	28,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	90.6	80.6	86.2	90.6	80.6
Employment income (%)	74.8	78.2	70.4	74.8	78.2	70.4
Government transfers (%)	13.7	9.5	19.5	13.7	9.5	19.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.7	2.0	1.2	0.7	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	12,595	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,470	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	8,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	12,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,400	...	...	89,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,800	...	...	77,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,480	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,960	...	...	50,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,200	...	...	44,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	8,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,600	...	...	110,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,300	...	...	96,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	12,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	130	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	310	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	700	...	...	5.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	465	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	410	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	490	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	520	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	485	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,035	...	...	8.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	970	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	895	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	895	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	750	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,425	...	...	35.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,565	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,095	...	...	8.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,115	...	...	8.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	645	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	12,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	320	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	715	...	...	5.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	540	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	485	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	595	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	600	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	610	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,190	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,105	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,025	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	920	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	825	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,400	...	...	27.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,495	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	900	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,010	...	...	8.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	7,680	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,035	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,010	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,360	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,840	2,730	3,110	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	45,200	37,600	40,800	45,200	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	40,400	34,800	37,200	40,400	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	7,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,100	...	...	110,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,800	...	...	95,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,010	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,600	...	...	99,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,300	...	...	86,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,015	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,800	...	...	137,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,800	...	...	72,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,900	...	...	65,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,780	2,690	3,095	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,680	55,200	42,960	48,680	55,200	42,960
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,360	47,080	38,280	42,360	47,080	38,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	28,030	13,570	14,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,150	2,590	2,555	18.4	19.1	17.7
0 to 5 years	1,930	980	950	6.9	7.2	6.6
18 to 64 years	17,730	8,780	8,945	63.3	64.7	61.9
65 years and over	5,150	2,195	2,960	18.4	16.2	20.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,060	1,310	1,755	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	635	310	325	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	215	100	120	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,440	650	790	...	...	...
65 years and over	985	345	640	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.9	9.6	12.1	10.9	9.6	12.1
0 to 17 years (%)	12.4	12.0	12.7	12.4	12.0	12.7
0 to 5 years (%)	11.3	10.0	12.8	11.3	10.0	12.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	7.4	8.8	8.1	7.4	8.8
65 years and over (%)	19.1	15.7	21.7	19.1	15.7	21.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	28,025	13,570	14,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,145	2,595	2,555	18.4	19.1	17.7
0 to 5 years	1,930	975	950	6.9	7.2	6.6
18 to 64 years	17,730	8,785	8,945	63.3	64.7	61.9
65 years and over	5,150	2,195	2,955	18.4	16.2	20.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,730	825	905	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	275	140	135	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	90	40	50	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,125	565	560	...	...	...
65 years and over	330	120	210	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.2	6.1	6.3	6.2	6.1	6.3
0 to 17 years (%)	5.4	5.4	5.3	5.4	5.4	5.3
0 to 5 years (%)	4.6	4.0	5.0	4.6	4.0	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	6.4	6.2	6.3	6.4	6.2
65 years and over (%)	6.4	5.4	7.2	6.4	5.4	7.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	28,030	13,570	14,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	14,170	6,490	7,680	50.6	47.8	53.1
In bottom decile	2,740	1,205	1,535	9.8	8.9	10.6
In second decile	2,885	1,255	1,630	10.3	9.2	11.3
In third decile	2,700	1,245	1,450	9.6	9.2	10.0
In fourth decile	2,825	1,320	1,505	10.1	9.7	10.4
In fifth decile	3,025	1,465	1,560	10.8	10.8	10.8
In top half of the distribution	13,855	7,080	6,780	49.4	52.2	46.9
In sixth decile	3,255	1,600	1,650	11.6	11.8	11.4
In seventh decile	3,180	1,590	1,585	11.3	11.7	11.0
In eighth decile	3,045	1,575	1,470	10.9	11.6	10.2
In ninth decile	2,690	1,400	1,285	9.6	10.3	8.9
In top decile	1,690	910	785	6.0	6.7	5.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	28,025	...	...	28,025	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.282	...	...	0.282	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.400	...	...	0.400	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.254	...	...	0.254	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	28,155	13,625	14,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	26,410	12,870	13,540	93.8	94.5	93.2
French only	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	1,280	550	725	4.5	4.0	5.0
Neither English nor French	450	200	250	1.6	1.5	1.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	28,155	13,625	14,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	27,390	13,275	14,115	97.3	97.4	97.2
French	265	130	135	0.9	1.0	0.9
English and French	65	35	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Neither English nor French	430	190	240	1.5	1.4	1.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	28,155	13,625	14,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	27,200	13,170	14,030	96.6	96.7	96.6
Official languages	21,805	10,660	11,145	77.4	78.2	76.7
English	21,535	10,525	11,005	76.5	77.2	75.8
French	270	130	135	1.0	1.0	0.9
Non-official languages	5,400	2,515	2,885	19.2	18.5	19.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,395	2,510	2,885	19.2	18.4	19.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	365	185	180	1.3	1.4	1.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	365	185	180	1.3	1.4	1.2
Amharic	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arabic	315	155	155	1.1	1.1	1.1
Aramaic languages	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	185	85	95	0.7	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	155	75	85	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	700	310	390	2.5	2.3	2.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	515	230	285	1.8	1.7	2.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	35	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,830	1,360	1,470	10.1	10.0	10.1
Albanian	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	450	205	245	1.6	1.5	1.7
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	440	205	240	1.6	1.5	1.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	90	35	55	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	145	65	80	0.5	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	55	45	0.4	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbian	45	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	410	195	220	1.5	1.4	1.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	240	110	130	0.9	0.8	0.9
German	235	105	130	0.8	0.8	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135	65	75	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	110	55	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,145	570	580	4.1	4.2	4.0
Indo-Aryan languages	990	490	505	3.5	3.6	3.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindi	170	90	80	0.6	0.7	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	670	320	345	2.4	2.3	2.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	65	35	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	155	85	75	0.6	0.6	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	120	60	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	70	35	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	735	350	390	2.6	2.6	2.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	130	55	70	0.5	0.4	0.5
Romanian	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	500	240	260	1.8	1.8	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	20	55	0.3	0.1	0.4
Korean	330	150	180	1.2	1.1	1.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	645	285	360	2.3	2.1	2.5
Chinese languages	390	160	230	1.4	1.2	1.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	235	100	140	0.8	0.7	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	120	50	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	250	120	135	0.9	0.9	0.9
Burmese	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	240	115	120	0.9	0.8	0.8
S'gaw Karen	225	105	115	0.8	0.8	0.8
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	100	40	55	0.4	0.3	0.4
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	945	455	495	3.4	3.3	3.4
English and French	95	40	55	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	715	350	370	2.5	2.6	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	105	50	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	28,155	13,625	14,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	22,350	10,885	11,465	79.4	79.9	78.9
French	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	1,550	750	800	5.5	5.5	5.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,545	750	800	5.5	5.5	5.5
English and French	140	65	75	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	3,830	1,800	2,035	13.6	13.2	14.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	150	70	75	0.5	0.5	0.5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	28,155	13,625	14,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	27,220	13,195	14,025	96.7	96.8	96.6
Official languages	24,220	11,730	12,490	86.0	86.1	86.0
English	24,140	11,695	12,445	85.7	85.8	85.7
French	75	30	45	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	3,005	1,465	1,540	10.7	10.8	10.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,000	1,465	1,540	10.7	10.8	10.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	260	130	130	0.9	1.0	0.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	260	130	130	0.9	1.0	0.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	235	115	120	0.8	0.8	0.8
Aramaic languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	70	65	0.5	0.5	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	110	60	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	385	190	195	1.4	1.4	1.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	300	150	150	1.1	1.1	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,345	650	695	4.8	4.8	4.8
Albanian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	200	100	100	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	195	95	100	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	105	50	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	735	355	380	2.6	2.6	2.6
Indo-Aryan languages	635	310	330	2.3	2.3	2.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	90	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	470	230	235	1.7	1.7	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	100	50	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	70	35	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	350	170	180	1.2	1.2	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	70	35	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	265	130	140	0.9	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	270	125	145	1.0	0.9	1.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	25	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	435	215	220	1.5	1.6	1.5
Chinese languages	265	125	140	0.9	0.9	1.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	175	85	95	0.6	0.6	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	165	85	80	0.6	0.6	0.6
Burmese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	155	80	75	0.6	0.6	0.5
S'gaw Karen	140	75	70	0.5	0.6	0.5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	930	435	495	3.3	3.2	3.4
English and French	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	855	400	460	3.0	2.9	3.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	28,155	13,630	14,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	24,730	12,025	12,705	87.8	88.2	87.5
English	1,170	575	595	4.2	4.2	4.1
French	105	45	60	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	1,700	770	930	6.0	5.6	6.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,700	770	930	6.0	5.6	6.4
English and French	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	190	90	100	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	215	100	110	0.8	0.7	0.8
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	28,030	13,570	14,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	27,565	13,395	14,170	98.3	98.7	98.0
English	27,545	13,380	14,165	98.3	98.6	98.0
French	1,310	545	760	4.7	4.0	5.3
Non-official languages	7,210	3,320	3,890	25.7	24.5	26.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,190	3,310	3,885	25.7	24.4	26.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	480	260	220	1.7	1.9	1.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	470	250	220	1.7	1.8	1.5
Amharic	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	410	220	190	1.5	1.6	1.3
Aramaic languages	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	190	80	110	0.7	0.6	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	155	70	85	0.6	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	885	400	480	3.2	2.9	3.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cebuano	90	30	60	0.3	0.2	0.4
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	840	380	460	3.0	2.8	3.2
Waray-Waray	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Telugu	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,230	1,945	2,285	15.1	14.3	15.8
Albanian	85	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	585	270	320	2.1	2.0	2.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	585	270	320	2.1	2.0	2.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	105	25	80	0.4	0.2	0.6
Russian	260	125	130	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	150	85	70	0.5	0.6	0.5
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	100	55	45	0.4	0.4	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	835	365	470	3.0	2.7	3.3
Frisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	480	230	250	1.7	1.7	1.7
German	470	230	240	1.7	1.7	1.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	295	120	175	1.1	0.9	1.2
Afrikaans	85	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	195	75	120	0.7	0.6	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	15	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Danish	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	1,785	835	950	6.4	6.2	6.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,575	740	825	5.6	5.5	5.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hindi	630	295	335	2.2	2.2	2.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,160	565	595	4.1	4.2	4.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Urdu	75	30	35	0.3	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	275	120	155	1.0	0.9	1.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	225	100	120	0.8	0.7	0.8
Dari	110	35	70	0.4	0.3	0.5
Iranian Persian	115	60	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,065	480	585	3.8	3.5	4.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	135	55	75	0.5	0.4	0.5
Portuguese	245	120	125	0.9	0.9	0.9
Romanian	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	710	300	410	2.5	2.2	2.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	110	35	70	0.4	0.3	0.5
Korean	365	150	210	1.3	1.1	1.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	145	85	60	0.5	0.6	0.4
Akan (Twi)	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	35	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
American Sign Language	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	645	285	360	2.3	2.1	2.5
Chinese languages	390	160	230	1.4	1.2	1.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	295	110	185	1.1	0.8	1.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	140	60	80	0.5	0.4	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	255	125	130	0.9	0.9	0.9
Burmese	45	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	235	115	120	0.8	0.8	0.8
S'gaw Karen	235	115	120	0.8	0.8	0.8
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	45	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Lao	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Thai	60	35	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	110	60	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	85	60	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	28,025	13,570	14,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,595	730	870	5.7	5.4	6.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,510	675	830	5.4	5.0	5.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	715	315	400	2.6	2.3	2.8
Métis	765	350	415	2.7	2.6	2.9
Inuk (Inuit)	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	70	35	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	26,430	12,845	13,590	94.3	94.7	94.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	28,025	13,570	14,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	355	220	130	1.3	1.6	0.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	27,675	13,350	14,325	98.8	98.4	99.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	12,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	7,920	...	...	62.9	...	...
Renter	4,680	...	...	37.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	12,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,730	...	...	45.5	...	...
Not condominium	6,865	...	...	54.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	12,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	150	...	...	1.2	...	...
1 bedroom	2,675	...	...	21.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,405	...	...	42.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,605	...	...	20.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,755	...	...	13.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	12,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,145	...	...	48.8	...	...
5 rooms	2,175	...	...	17.3	...	...
6 rooms	1,340	...	...	10.6	...	...
7 rooms	1,010	...	...	8.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,930	...	...	15.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	12,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	12,215	...	...	97.0	...	...
More than one person per room	380	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	12,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	11,685	...	...	92.8	...	...
Not suitable	910	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	12,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	475	...	...	3.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,320	...	...	34.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,975	...	...	15.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,625	...	...	20.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	570	...	...	4.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	785	...	...	6.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	665	...	...	5.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,180	...	...	9.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	12,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	11,930	...	...	94.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	670	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	12,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	6,750	...	...	53.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,245	...	...	41.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	605	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	12,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	250	...	...	2.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,080	...	...	16.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,325	...	...	18.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,185	...	...	17.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,210	...	...	17.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,920	...	...	15.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,205	...	...	9.6	...	...
85 years and over	425	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	12,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	9,225	...	...	73.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,355	...	...	26.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,095	...	...	24.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	12,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,530	...	...	36.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,005	...	...	23.9	...	...
Not suitable only	725	...	...	5.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	405	...	...	3.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	135	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	205	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	8,070	...	...	64.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	12,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,625	...	...	21.3	...	...
Not in core need	9,695	...	...	78.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,920	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.4	...	...	68.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.6	...	...	20.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.0	...	...	13.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,480	...	...	1,480	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,584	...	...	1,584	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	548,000	...	...	548,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	688,000	...	...	688,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,680	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.7	...	...	16.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.0	...	...	37.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	35.8	...	...	35.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,280	...	...	1,280	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,290	...	...	1,290	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	28,030	13,570	14,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	365	155	215	1.3	1.1	1.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	335	145	190	1.2	1.1	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	215	95	125	0.8	0.7	0.9
Métis single ancestry	120	50	70	0.4	0.4	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,415	670	745	5.0	4.9	5.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,360	650	710	4.9	4.8	4.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	785	370	415	2.8	2.7	2.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	540	270	270	1.9	2.0	1.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	55	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	26,245	12,745	13,500	93.6	93.9	93.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	28,030	13,570	14,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	25,315	12,300	13,015	90.3	90.6	90.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,840	2,445	2,395	17.3	18.0	16.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	20,475	9,855	10,620	73.0	72.6	73.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,715	1,270	1,445	9.7	9.4	10.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	28,030	13,570	14,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	21,030	10,295	10,735	75.0	75.9	74.2
Immigrants⁸¹	6,530	3,050	3,480	23.3	22.5	24.1
Before 1980	1,340	615	725	4.8	4.5	5.0
1980 to 1990	640	300	340	2.3	2.2	2.4
1991 to 2000	840	350	485	3.0	2.6	3.4
2001 to 2010	1,335	635	705	4.8	4.7	4.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,370	1,145	1,225	8.5	8.4	8.5
2011 to 2015	1,060	540	515	3.8	4.0	3.6
2016 to 2021	1,310	605	710	4.7	4.5	4.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	465	225	240	1.7	1.7	1.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,530	3,050	3,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	635	305	330	9.7	10.0	9.5
5 to 14 years	1,165	610	560	17.8	20.0	16.1
15 to 24 years	1,360	630	725	20.8	20.7	20.8
25 to 44 years	2,815	1,250	1,565	43.1	41.0	45.0
45 years and over	550	255	295	8.4	8.4	8.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,530	3,050	3,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	925	400	520	14.2	13.1	14.9
Brazil	90	40	50	1.4	1.3	1.4
Colombia	65	30	30	1.0	1.0	0.9
El Salvador	50	15	35	0.8	0.5	1.0
Guyana	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	10	15	0.5	0.3	0.4
Mexico	95	40	60	1.5	1.3	1.7
Peru	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	45	10	30	0.7	0.3	0.9
United States of America	305	135	170	4.7	4.4	4.9
Other places of birth in Americas	220	110	115	3.4	3.6	3.3
Europe	1,725	855	865	26.4	28.0	24.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Croatia	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
France	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Germany	170	75	95	2.6	2.5	2.7
Greece	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Hungary	55	40	10	0.8	1.3	0.3
Italy	25	15	15	0.4	0.5	0.4
Netherlands	150	75	75	2.3	2.5	2.2
Poland	80	25	60	1.2	0.8	1.7
Portugal	50	25	20	0.8	0.8	0.6
Romania	65	35	30	1.0	1.1	0.9
Russian Federation	85	40	45	1.3	1.3	1.3
Serbia⁸⁶	35	25	15	0.5	0.8	0.4
Ukraine	65	35	30	1.0	1.1	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	630	310	320	9.6	10.2	9.2
Other places of birth in Europe	265	130	130	4.1	4.3	3.7
Africa	400	195	200	6.1	6.4	5.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.4
Egypt	25	10	10	0.4	0.3	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	35	20	15	0.5	0.7	0.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	105	55	50	1.6	1.8	1.4
Other places of birth in Africa	170	80	90	2.6	2.6	2.6
Asia	3,395	1,550	1,850	52.0	50.8	53.2
Afghanistan	80	35	45	1.2	1.1	1.3
Iran⁸⁸	70	40	35	1.1	1.3	1.0
Iraq	75	45	35	1.1	1.5	1.0
Lebanon	35	15	25	0.5	0.5	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	140	75	65	2.1	2.5	1.9
Turkey	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
China⁹⁰	170	60	105	2.6	2.0	3.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	15	35	0.8	0.5	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	265	105	165	4.1	3.4	4.7
Taiwan	60	30	25	0.9	1.0	0.7
Philippines	785	365	425	12.0	12.0	12.2
Viet Nam	120	45	75	1.8	1.5	2.2
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
India	845	415	430	12.9	13.6	12.4
Pakistan	55	25	30	0.8	0.8	0.9
Sri Lanka	35	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	590	265	325	9.0	8.7	9.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	85	45	40	1.3	1.5	1.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,315	605	705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	210	70	140	16.0	11.6	19.9
Brazil	45	20	25	3.4	3.3	3.5
Colombia	30	15	20	2.3	2.5	2.8
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	35	10	20	2.7	1.7	2.8
United States of America	40	20	25	3.0	3.3	3.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	55	10	45	4.2	1.7	6.4
Europe	75	50	25	5.7	8.3	3.5
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	10	1.9	1.7	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	1.1	1.7	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	30	0	2.3	5.0	0.0
Africa	170	80	90	12.9	13.2	12.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	25	10	15	1.9	1.7	2.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	15	2.3	2.5	2.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	25	20	3.8	4.1	2.8
Asia	850	395	450	64.6	65.3	63.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	20	2.7	2.5	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	280	165	115	21.3	27.3	16.3
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.4
Iraq	20	10	15	1.5	1.7	2.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	75	35	40	5.7	5.8	5.7
Lebanon	15	0	15	1.1	0.0	2.1
Nepal	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.4
Pakistan	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.4
Philippines	140	45	95	10.6	7.4	13.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	90	45	50	6.8	7.4	7.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	15	15	0	1.1	2.5	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.4
Other places of birth in Asia	95	40	50	7.2	6.6	7.1
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	28,025	13,570	14,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,260	3,410	3,850	25.9	25.1	26.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,230	3,060	3,175	22.2	22.5	22.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	14,535	7,105	7,430	51.9	52.4	51.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,185	2,435	2,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,615	1,275	1,335	50.4	52.4	48.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,020	580	440	19.7	23.8	16.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,595	700	900	30.8	28.7	32.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,465	600	865	28.3	24.6	31.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,030	525	510	19.9	21.6	18.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	75	30	45	1.4	1.2	1.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,185	2,435	2,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	250	145	105	4.8	6.0	3.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	680	295	385	13.1	12.1	14.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	160	85	80	3.1	3.5	2.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	320	160	160	6.2	6.6	5.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	30	30	1.2	1.2	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,715	1,725	1,990	71.6	70.8	72.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	28,025	13,570	14,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,925	3,330	3,595	24.7	24.5	24.9
South Asian	1,960	940	1,025	7.0	6.9	7.1
Chinese	585	290	295	2.1	2.1	2.0
Black	605	300	305	2.2	2.2	2.1
Filipino	1,100	525	575	3.9	3.9	4.0
Arab	305	150	155	1.1	1.1	1.1
Latin American	510	265	245	1.8	2.0	1.7
Southeast Asian	655	320	345	2.3	2.4	2.4
West Asian	280	130	145	1.0	1.0	1.0
Korean	400	165	235	1.4	1.2	1.6
Japanese	165	80	85	0.6	0.6	0.6
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	110	40	70	0.4	0.3	0.5
Multiple visible minorities	245	120	125	0.9	0.9	0.9
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	21,110	10,240	10,870	75.3	75.5	75.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	28,030	13,570	14,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	3,015	1,515	1,500	10.8	11.2	10.4
English	6,875	3,330	3,540	24.5	24.5	24.5
Irish	4,215	1,885	2,330	15.0	13.9	16.1
Scottish	5,160	2,450	2,715	18.4	18.1	18.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,045	955	1,090	7.3	7.0	7.5
German	3,550	1,735	1,815	12.7	12.8	12.6
Chinese	735	350	385	2.6	2.6	2.7
Italian	985	505	480	3.5	3.7	3.3
Indian (India)	1,150	570	580	4.1	4.2	4.0
Ukrainian	1,395	705	690	5.0	5.2	4.8
Dutch	1,685	820	865	6.0	6.0	6.0
Polish	820	335	485	2.9	2.5	3.4
Québécois	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,275	595	680	4.5	4.4	4.7
Filipino	1,075	520	560	3.8	3.8	3.9
French Canadian	360	160	195	1.3	1.2	1.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	525	255	265	1.9	1.9	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	460	220	240	1.6	1.6	1.7
Métis	745	345	400	2.7	2.5	2.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	680	330	350	2.4	2.4	2.4
Russian	690	305	385	2.5	2.2	2.7
Norwegian	760	410	345	2.7	3.0	2.4
Welsh	675	300	380	2.4	2.2	2.6
Portuguese	260	155	105	0.9	1.1	0.7
American	440	180	265	1.6	1.3	1.8
Spanish	435	180	255	1.6	1.3	1.8
Swedish	620	260	360	2.2	1.9	2.5
Hungarian	375	170	210	1.3	1.3	1.5
Acadian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pakistani	80	35	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	130	70	60	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jewish	70	35	40	0.2	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	370	165	205	1.3	1.2	1.4
Vietnamese	155	65	85	0.6	0.5	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	185	100	85	0.7	0.7	0.6
Greek	155	60	95	0.6	0.4	0.7
Jamaican	75	50	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	200	105	95	0.7	0.8	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	170	55	110	0.6	0.4	0.8
Korean	385	165	225	1.4	1.2	1.6
Romanian	205	100	105	0.7	0.7	0.7
Lebanese	80	30	55	0.3	0.2	0.4
Iranian	95	55	40	0.3	0.4	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	170	100	75	0.6	0.7	0.5
Danish	400	205	190	1.4	1.5	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	125	40	85	0.4	0.3	0.6
Sikh	310	130	180	1.1	1.0	1.2
Austrian	315	175	140	1.1	1.3	1.0
Belgian	155	55	105	0.6	0.4	0.7
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	70	35	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexican	205	105	100	0.7	0.8	0.7
Mennonite	100	55	45	0.4	0.4	0.3
Swiss	175	75	100	0.6	0.6	0.7
Finnish	255	125	130	0.9	0.9	0.9
Sri Lankan	45	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Croatian	175	70	100	0.6	0.5	0.7
Japanese	245	115	130	0.9	0.8	0.9
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	55	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	200	100	105	0.7	0.7	0.7
Muslim	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	85	55	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	190	115	75	0.7	0.8	0.5
Colombian	35	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	125	50	75	0.4	0.4	0.5
Syrian	125	70	55	0.4	0.5	0.4
Guyanese	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Afghan	130	55	75	0.5	0.4	0.5
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	165	95	70	0.6	0.7	0.5
Ojibway	85	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Newfoundlander	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Turkish	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	45	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nigerian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	90	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	45	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraqi	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	45	40	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
African Caribbean	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	60	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquin	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	45	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	100	45	55	0.4	0.3	0.4
Australian	65	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Palestinian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	85	55	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Peruvian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	85	35	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Maltese	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	55	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albertan	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ghanaian	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	50	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
African American	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	30	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	30	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	45	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	145	65	80	0.5	0.5	0.6
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	90	50	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jatt	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	120	55	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dominican	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	50	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	85	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	40	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Karen	320	155	165	1.1	1.1	1.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	28,025	13,570	14,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	360	165	195	1.3	1.2	1.3
Christian	11,430	5,135	6,290	40.8	37.8	43.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,655	1,715	1,940	13.0	12.6	13.4
Anabaptist	100	40	60	0.4	0.3	0.4
Anglican	675	235	435	2.4	1.7	3.0
Baptist	560	255	305	2.0	1.9	2.1
Catholic	3,230	1,530	1,700	11.5	11.3	11.8
Christian Orthodox	240	100	140	0.9	0.7	1.0
Jehovah's Witness	115	40	75	0.4	0.3	0.5
Latter Day Saints	115	60	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lutheran	340	150	190	1.2	1.1	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	360	170	190	1.3	1.3	1.3
Presbyterian	165	60	110	0.6	0.4	0.8
Reformed	250	135	110	0.9	1.0	0.8
United Church	790	305	485	2.8	2.2	3.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	810	330	480	2.9	2.4	3.3
Hindu	350	160	185	1.2	1.2	1.3
Jewish	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Muslim	800	365	435	2.9	2.7	3.0
Sikh	1,045	515	530	3.7	3.8	3.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	220	95	125	0.8	0.7	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	13,790	7,120	6,670	49.2	52.5	46.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	27,765	13,470	14,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	23,570	11,405	12,170	84.9	84.7	85.1
Movers	4,190	2,060	2,130	15.1	15.3	14.9
Non-migrants	1,620	780	840	5.8	5.8	5.9
Migrants	2,575	1,285	1,285	9.3	9.5	9.0
Internal migrants	2,415	1,215	1,195	8.7	9.0	8.4
Intraprovincial migrants	2,255	1,150	1,105	8.1	8.5	7.7
Interprovincial migrants	155	65	90	0.6	0.5	0.6
External migrants	165	70	95	0.6	0.5	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	26,420	12,765	13,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	13,590	6,560	7,025	51.4	51.4	51.5
Movers	12,835	6,210	6,625	48.6	48.6	48.5
Non-migrants	2,245	1,045	1,200	8.5	8.2	8.8
Migrants	10,590	5,160	5,425	40.1	40.4	39.7
Internal migrants	9,355	4,555	4,795	35.4	35.7	35.1
Intraprovincial migrants	8,475	4,140	4,335	32.1	32.4	31.8
Interprovincial migrants	880	420	460	3.3	3.3	3.4
External migrants	1,235	605	630	4.7	4.7	4.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,615	11,340	12,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,415	2,345	2,070	18.7	20.7	16.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,200	8,995	10,205	81.3	79.3	83.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,785	7,750	8,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,060	1,200	865	13.1	15.5	10.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,725	6,550	7,170	86.9	84.5	89.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,615	11,340	12,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,735	1,985	1,750	15.8	17.5	14.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,970	3,840	4,130	33.7	33.9	33.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,905	5,515	6,390	50.4	48.6	52.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,865	3,840	4,020	33.3	33.9	32.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,480	1,875	610	10.5	16.5	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	890	510	380	3.8	4.5	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,590	1,365	225	6.7	12.0	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,405	1,630	2,775	18.7	14.4	22.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	975	340	640	4.1	3.0	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,040	1,670	2,370	17.1	14.7	19.3
Bachelor's degree	2,805	1,145	1,660	11.9	10.1	13.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	345	125	215	1.5	1.1	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	30	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	740	335	405	3.1	3.0	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,785	7,750	8,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,700	1,025	675	10.8	13.2	8.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,885	2,510	2,380	30.9	32.4	29.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,205	4,215	4,985	58.3	54.4	62.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,820	2,830	2,985	36.9	36.5	37.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,775	1,355	420	11.2	17.5	5.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	600	335	270	3.8	4.3	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,180	1,025	150	7.5	13.2	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,305	1,225	2,080	20.9	15.8	25.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	740	250	490	4.7	3.2	6.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,380	1,385	2,000	21.4	17.9	24.9
Bachelor's degree	2,370	970	1,405	15.0	12.5	17.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	275	105	170	1.7	1.4	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	55	15	45	0.3	0.2	0.6
Master's degree	620	270	350	3.9	3.5	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	65	20	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	23,615	11,340	12,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,710	5,825	5,880	49.6	51.4	47.9
Education	745	135	610	3.2	1.2	5.0
13. Education	745	135	610	3.2	1.2	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	355	155	200	1.5	1.4	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	45	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	300	110	190	1.3	1.0	1.5
Humanities	600	210	390	2.5	1.9	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	10	60	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	115	35	85	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	185	45	140	0.8	0.4	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	50	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
54. History	65	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,310	395	915	5.5	3.5	7.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	100	20	80	0.4	0.2	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	310	30	275	1.3	0.3	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	175	40	135	0.7	0.4	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	245	85	165	1.0	0.7	1.3
45. Social sciences	430	205	225	1.8	1.8	1.8
Business, management and public administration	2,450	865	1,590	10.4	7.6	13.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	135	30	105	0.6	0.3	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,315	835	1,485	9.8	7.4	12.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	295	135	160	1.2	1.2	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	130	50	70	0.6	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	30	70	0.4	0.3	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	75	50	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	440	275	165	1.9	2.4	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	360	235	120	1.5	2.1	1.0
25. Library science	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,775	2,565	210	11.8	22.6	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	45	40	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
14. Engineering	395	320	80	1.7	2.8	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	480	395	80	2.0	3.5	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	820	800	20	3.5	7.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	625	610	15	2.6	5.4	0.1
48. Precision production	410	395	15	1.7	3.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	290	95	195	1.2	0.8	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	240	70	170	1.0	0.6	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	55	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	1,850	300	1,545	7.8	2.6	12.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	125	65	60	0.5	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,710	225	1,485	7.2	2.0	12.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	795	375	420	3.4	3.3	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	545	155	390	2.3	1.4	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	100	80	20	0.4	0.7	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	150	145	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,785	7,750	8,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,585	3,535	3,050	41.7	45.6	38.0
Education	545	95	445	3.5	1.2	5.5
13. Education	545	95	445	3.5	1.2	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	290	110	175	1.8	1.4	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	30	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	245	80	165	1.6	1.0	2.1
Humanities	485	160	320	3.1	2.1	4.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	10	50	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	95	30	65	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	165	40	125	1.0	0.5	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	35	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	40	25	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,080	330	745	6.8	4.3	9.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	20	70	0.5	0.3	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	240	15	225	1.5	0.2	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	140	25	120	0.9	0.3	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
42. Psychology	185	65	120	1.2	0.8	1.5
45. Social sciences	390	185	205	2.5	2.4	2.6
Business, management and public administration	1,910	675	1,235	12.1	8.7	15.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	90	15	70	0.6	0.2	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,820	660	1,160	11.5	8.5	14.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	250	110	135	1.6	1.4	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	115	45	70	0.7	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	30	55	0.6	0.4	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	45	35	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	360	220	140	2.3	2.8	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	305	205	100	1.9	2.6	1.2
25. Library science	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,100	1,935	170	13.3	25.0	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	40	35	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
14. Engineering	295	235	60	1.9	3.0	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	340	270	75	2.2	3.5	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	650	635	15	4.1	8.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	440	430	0	2.8	5.5	0.0
48. Precision production	335	330	10	2.1	4.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	235	70	170	1.5	0.9	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	190	45	145	1.2	0.6	1.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Health and related fields	1,360	240	1,125	8.6	3.1	14.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	95	50	45	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,250	180	1,070	7.9	2.3	13.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	600	270	330	3.8	3.5	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	410	100	305	2.6	1.3	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	70	60	10	0.4	0.8	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	120	110	0	0.8	1.4	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	15,785	7,750	8,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,585	3,535	3,050	41.7	45.6	38.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	9,200	4,215	4,990	58.3	54.4	62.1
Location of study inside Canada	7,290	3,370	3,925	46.2	43.5	48.8
Same as province or territory of residence	6,275	2,850	3,420	39.8	36.8	42.6
Different than province or territory of residence	1,020	520	500	6.5	6.7	6.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,905	845	1,065	12.1	10.9	13.3
Americas	315	145	170	2.0	1.9	2.1
United States of America	170	90	80	1.1	1.2	1.0
Mexico	65	25	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	40	15	15	0.3	0.2	0.2
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Europe	330	160	170	2.1	2.1	2.1
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romania	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian Federation	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130	50	80	0.8	0.6	1.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Africa	135	65	65	0.9	0.8	0.8
Nigeria	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
Other locations of study in Africa	40	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Asia	1,095	450	650	6.9	5.8	8.1
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iraq	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	80	25	50	0.5	0.3	0.6
Taiwan	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	100	30	70	0.6	0.4	0.9
Philippines	320	125	190	2.0	1.6	2.4
Viet Nam	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
India	330	155	170	2.1	2.0	2.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	105	60	50	0.7	0.8	0.6
Oceania	40	25	10	0.3	0.3	0.1
Australia	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	23,615	11,340	12,275	...	...	...
In the labour force	15,455	8,055	7,395	...	...	...
Employed	14,390	7,575	6,815	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,065	485	590	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	8,160	3,285	4,875	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.4	71.0	60.2	65.4	71.0	60.2
Employment rate	60.9	66.8	55.5	60.9	66.8	55.5
Unemployment rate	6.9	6.0	8.0	6.9	6.0	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	23,615	11,340	12,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	8,100	3,330	4,765	34.3	29.4	38.8
Worked	15,520	8,015	7,505	65.7	70.7	61.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,850	5,160	3,690	37.5	45.5	30.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	6,670	2,855	3,815	28.2	25.2	31.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	43.5	40.8	42.2	43.5	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	15,450	8,055	7,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	305	120	180	2.0	1.5	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	15,145	7,930	7,220	98.0	98.4	97.6
Employee	13,190	6,775	6,410	85.4	84.1	86.7
Permanent position	11,865	6,165	5,705	76.8	76.5	77.1
Temporary position	1,320	610	710	8.5	7.6	9.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	425	205	220	2.8	2.5	3.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	890	405	490	5.8	5.0	6.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,965	1,155	805	12.7	14.3	10.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	15,450	8,055	7,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	305	120	180	2.0	1.5	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	15,145	7,930	7,220	98.0	98.4	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	120	85	35	0.8	1.1	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,755	795	1,960	17.8	9.9	26.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	915	720	190	5.9	8.9	2.6
3 Health occupations	880	130	750	5.7	1.6	10.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,505	460	1,045	9.7	5.7	14.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	430	190	235	2.8	2.4	3.2
6 Sales and service occupations	3,875	1,460	2,420	25.1	18.1	32.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,545	3,235	310	22.9	40.2	4.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	365	250	120	2.4	3.1	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	760	615	150	4.9	7.6	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	15,450	8,055	7,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	305	120	180	2.0	1.5	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	15,145	7,930	7,220	98.0	98.4	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	250	90	155	1.6	1.1	2.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	20	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
22 Utilities	95	50	40	0.6	0.6	0.5
23 Construction	1,985	1,745	245	12.8	21.7	3.3
31-33 Manufacturing	1,340	1,010	330	8.7	12.5	4.5
41 Wholesale trade	970	605	365	6.3	7.5	4.9
44-45 Retail trade	1,915	785	1,130	12.4	9.7	15.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	990	710	285	6.4	8.8	3.9
51 Information and cultural industries	275	165	110	1.8	2.0	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	495	175	320	3.2	2.2	4.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	260	135	125	1.7	1.7	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	835	415	420	5.4	5.2	5.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	750	430	325	4.9	5.3	4.4
61 Educational services	890	255	635	5.8	3.2	8.6
62 Health care and social assistance	1,595	240	1,355	10.3	3.0	18.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	295	120	175	1.9	1.5	2.4
72 Accommodation and food services	730	250	475	4.7	3.1	6.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	750	360	390	4.9	4.5	5.3
91 Public administration	680	360	320	4.4	4.5	4.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	16,470	8,515	7,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	15,615	8,080	7,535	94.8	94.9	94.8
French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-official language	195	70	120	1.2	0.8	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	195	70	120	1.2	0.8	1.5
English and French	110	45	65	0.7	0.5	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	530	320	210	3.2	3.8	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	16,470	8,515	7,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	16,335	8,455	7,880	99.2	99.3	99.1
Official languages	16,070	8,345	7,720	97.6	98.0	97.1
English	16,050	8,340	7,710	97.4	97.9	97.0
French	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official languages	260	105	155	1.6	1.2	1.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	260	105	155	1.6	1.2	1.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	125	50	75	0.8	0.6	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	75	45	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	75	45	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	35	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	55	30	30	0.3	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
Chinese languages	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	135	65	70	0.8	0.8	0.9
English and French	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	115	60	55	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	16,470	8,515	7,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	15,915	8,200	7,720	96.6	96.3	97.1
English	80	45	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
French	80	40	40	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	355	230	125	2.2	2.7	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	355	230	125	2.2	2.7	1.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	14,385	7,575	6,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,165	900	1,265	15.1	11.9	18.6
Worked outside Canada	40	25	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	2,640	2,020	620	18.4	26.7	9.1
Usual place of work	9,545	4,625	4,920	66.4	61.1	72.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	9,545	4,625	4,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,740	690	1,050	18.2	14.9	21.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,440	3,760	3,685	77.9	81.3	74.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	345	165	180	3.6	3.6	3.7
Commute to a different province or territory	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	12,180	6,645	5,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	10,670	6,030	4,635	87.6	90.7	83.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	9,960	5,730	4,230	81.8	86.2	76.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	710	305	410	5.8	4.6	7.4
Public transit	775	305	470	6.4	4.6	8.5
Walked	490	185	300	4.0	2.8	5.4
Bicycle	70	50	10	0.6	0.8	0.2
Other method	180	70	110	1.5	1.1	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	12,180	6,645	5,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	3,320	1,365	1,955	27.3	20.5	35.3
15 to 29 minutes	3,590	1,905	1,685	29.5	28.7	30.4
30 to 44 minutes	2,820	1,750	1,070	23.2	26.3	19.3
45 to 59 minutes	1,355	900	465	11.1	13.5	8.4
60 minutes and over	1,095	735	360	9.0	11.1	6.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	12,180	6,645	5,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,290	985	305	10.6	14.8	5.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,415	1,720	690	19.8	25.9	12.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,870	1,395	1,475	23.6	21.0	26.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,255	985	1,270	18.5	14.8	22.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,425	565	860	11.7	8.5	15.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,925	995	930	15.8	15.0	16.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,250	2,645	2,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	225	110	120	4.3	4.2	4.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,025	2,540	2,490	95.7	96.0	95.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,510	1,765	1,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	165	85	80	4.7	4.8	4.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	75	35	40	2.1	2.0	2.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	90	50	40	2.6	2.8	2.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,350	1,680	1,665	95.4	95.2	95.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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