Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Langley, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	132,603	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	117,285	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	13.1	...	...	13.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	49,011	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	46,928	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	431.6	...	...	431.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	307.22	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	132,600	64,830	67,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	24,095	12,335	11,760	18.2	19.0	17.4
0 to 4 years	7,450	3,870	3,580	5.6	6.0	5.3
5 to 9 years	8,155	4,170	3,985	6.2	6.4	5.9
10 to 14 years	8,485	4,300	4,185	6.4	6.6	6.2
15 to 64 years	85,520	42,020	43,500	64.5	64.8	64.2
15 to 19 years	8,315	4,225	4,095	6.3	6.5	6.0
20 to 24 years	7,050	3,715	3,330	5.3	5.7	4.9
25 to 29 years	6,900	3,445	3,460	5.2	5.3	5.1
30 to 34 years	8,605	4,055	4,550	6.5	6.3	6.7
35 to 39 years	9,740	4,730	5,005	7.3	7.3	7.4
40 to 44 years	9,205	4,455	4,745	6.9	6.9	7.0
45 to 49 years	8,985	4,340	4,645	6.8	6.7	6.9
50 to 54 years	9,055	4,415	4,640	6.8	6.8	6.8
55 to 59 years	9,110	4,510	4,595	6.9	7.0	6.8
60 to 64 years	8,555	4,120	4,430	6.5	6.4	6.5
65 years and over	22,990	10,475	12,515	17.3	16.2	18.5
65 to 69 years	7,245	3,435	3,805	5.5	5.3	5.6
70 to 74 years	6,180	2,845	3,335	4.7	4.4	4.9
75 to 79 years	4,250	1,990	2,265	3.2	3.1	3.3
80 to 84 years	2,670	1,225	1,450	2.0	1.9	2.1
85 years and over	2,645	985	1,660	2.0	1.5	2.4
85 to 89 years	1,610	605	1,005	1.2	0.9	1.5
90 to 94 years	775	310	470	0.6	0.5	0.7
95 to 99 years	215	70	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	35	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.2	19.0	17.4	18.2	19.0	17.4
15 to 64 years	64.5	64.8	64.2	64.5	64.8	64.2
65 years and over	17.3	16.2	18.5	17.3	16.2	18.5
85 years and over	2.0	1.5	2.4	2.0	1.5	2.4
Average age of the population	40.7	39.8	41.6	40.7	39.8	41.6
Median age of the population	40.8	40.0	41.6	40.8	40.0	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	22,335	...	...	47.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,015	...	...	2.2	...	...
Row house	10,125	...	...	21.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,690	...	...	14.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,425	...	...	7.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,310	...	...	2.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,965	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,635	...	...	20.5	...	...
2 persons	15,160	...	...	32.3	...	...
3 persons	7,810	...	...	16.6	...	...
4 persons	8,420	...	...	17.9	...	...
5 or more persons	5,905	...	...	12.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	130,960	64,240	66,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	108,510	52,500	56,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	68,070	33,910	34,165	62.7	64.6	61.0
Married	59,350	29,560	29,795	54.7	56.3	53.2
Living common-law	8,720	4,345	4,370	8.0	8.3	7.8
Living common law - Never married	5,900	2,965	2,935	5.4	5.6	5.2
Living common law - Separated	455	225	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	2,140	1,060	1,075	2.0	2.0	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	230	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	40,435	18,590	21,845	37.3	35.4	39.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,410	14,170	12,240	24.3	27.0	21.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,525	1,040	1,485	2.3	2.0	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,145	2,210	3,940	5.7	4.2	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,360	1,175	4,180	4.9	2.2	7.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	38,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,960	...	...	46.9	...	...
3 persons	8,165	...	...	21.3	...	...
4 persons	8,665	...	...	22.6	...	...
5 or more persons	3,475	...	...	9.1	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	38,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	33,230	...	...	86.8	...	...
Married couples	28,870	...	...	75.4	...	...
With children⁶	16,685	...	...	43.6	...	...
Without children	12,185	...	...	31.8	...	...
Common-law couples	4,360	...	...	11.4	...	...
With children⁶	1,670	...	...	4.4	...	...
Without children	2,695	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,040	...	...	13.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,820	...	...	10.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,215	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	130,960	64,240	66,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	113,560	56,500	57,060	86.7	88.0	85.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	66,465	33,175	33,285	50.8	51.6	49.9
Parents in one-parent families	5,040	1,220	3,820	3.8	1.9	5.7
Children⁶	42,060	22,105	19,955	32.1	34.4	29.9
In a two-parent family	34,475	18,045	16,425	26.3	28.1	24.6
In a one-parent family	7,585	4,060	3,530	5.8	6.3	5.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,400	7,740	9,660	13.3	12.0	14.5
Living alone	9,630	4,115	5,520	7.4	6.4	8.3
Living with other relatives⁷	3,335	1,275	2,060	2.5	2.0	3.1
Living with non-relatives only	4,435	2,355	2,080	3.4	3.7	3.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,525	...	...	65.1	...	...
Couple-family households	26,950	...	...	57.4	...	...
With children⁶	15,025	...	...	32.0	...	...
Without children	11,925	...	...	25.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,580	...	...	7.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,400	...	...	5.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	820	...	...	1.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,155	...	...	4.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,395	...	...	3.0	...	...
One-person households	9,635	...	...	20.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	106,880	51,910	54,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,190	50,150	53,040	96.5	96.6	96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	57,600	38,000	45,600	57,600	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,280	50,195	53,085	96.6	96.7	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	50,400	34,800	41,200	50,400	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,055	47,070	47,990	88.9	90.7	87.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	54,800	30,000	40,400	54,800	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,235	39,545	37,685	72.3	76.2	68.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	58,400	33,200	44,400	58,400	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,150	35,740	45,410	75.9	68.8	82.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	7,500	10,000	9,000	7,500	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,180	3,155	5,025	7.7	6.1	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	4,840	5,680	5,480	4,840	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,115	11,070	14,045	23.5	21.3	25.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	106,880	51,915	54,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	103,185	50,190	52,995	96.5	96.7	96.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,150	72,400	46,600	59,150	72,400	46,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	103,260	50,220	53,040	96.6	96.7	96.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,280	58,600	40,440	49,280	58,600	40,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,025	47,145	47,885	88.9	90.8	87.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,250	69,700	40,960	55,250	69,700	40,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,230	39,515	37,715	72.3	76.1	68.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,950	68,000	41,240	54,950	68,000	41,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,100	35,865	45,230	75.9	69.1	82.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,530	9,670	11,210	10,530	9,670	11,210
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,315	3,170	5,145	7.8	6.1	9.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,580	5,465	7,270	6,580	5,465	7,270
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,985	10,965	14,015	23.4	21.1	25.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,810	8,480	9,060	8,810	8,480	9,060
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	106,880	51,915	54,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	38,850	23,350	15,500	36.3	45.0	28.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000	79,000	59,600	71,000	79,000	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,100	91,000	66,200	81,100	91,000	66,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,860	11,815	17,050	27.0	22.8	31.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	22,400	17,800	19,400	22,400	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,720	38,120	25,600	30,720	38,120	25,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.0	90.4	79.4	86.0	90.4	79.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.6	74.0	63.0	69.6	74.0	63.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.0	9.5	20.5	14.0	9.5	20.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.5	1.5	0.9	0.5	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	3.1	6.5	4.5	3.1	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.6	2.6	5.1	3.6	2.6	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	106,880	51,905	54,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,690	1,760	1,930	3.5	3.4	3.5
With total income	103,190	50,150	53,040	96.5	96.6	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,665	3,875	5,785	9.4	7.7	10.9
$10,000 to $19,999	10,615	3,820	6,795	10.3	7.6	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	13,410	5,145	8,265	13.0	10.3	15.6
$30,000 to $39,999	11,735	4,665	7,075	11.4	9.3	13.3
$40,000 to $49,999	10,630	4,450	6,185	10.3	8.9	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	9,215	4,175	5,045	8.9	8.3	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	7,760	4,030	3,730	7.5	8.0	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	6,250	3,600	2,650	6.1	7.2	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	5,150	3,195	1,955	5.0	6.4	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	4,315	2,715	1,595	4.2	5.4	3.0
$100,000 and over	14,440	10,475	3,960	14.0	20.9	7.5
$100,000 to $149,999	9,675	6,780	2,900	9.4	13.5	5.5
$150,000 and over	4,760	3,700	1,060	4.6	7.4	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	106,880	51,905	54,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,600	1,715	1,880	3.4	3.3	3.4
With after-tax income	103,280	50,195	53,090	96.6	96.7	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,095	4,030	6,060	9.8	8.0	11.4
$10,000 to $19,999	11,045	3,960	7,080	10.7	7.9	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	15,095	5,850	9,245	14.6	11.7	17.4
$30,000 to $39,999	13,715	5,555	8,160	13.3	11.1	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	12,360	5,450	6,910	12.0	10.9	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	10,505	5,330	5,175	10.2	10.6	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	8,110	4,695	3,415	7.9	9.4	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	6,360	3,955	2,405	6.2	7.9	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	4,775	3,145	1,630	4.6	6.3	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	3,225	2,190	1,035	3.1	4.4	1.9
$100,000 and over	7,990	6,025	1,970	7.7	12.0	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	4,140	3,030	1,110	4.0	6.0	2.1
$125,000 and over	3,850	2,995	855	3.7	6.0	1.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	106,880	51,905	54,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,650	12,360	17,285	27.7	23.8	31.4
With employment income	77,230	39,550	37,685	72.3	76.2	68.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,950	4,215	5,740	12.9	10.7	15.2
$5,000 to $9,999	5,700	2,235	3,465	7.4	5.7	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	7,935	3,090	4,850	10.3	7.8	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	6,120	2,505	3,615	7.9	6.3	9.6
$30,000 to $39,999	6,310	2,570	3,740	8.2	6.5	9.9
$40,000 to $49,999	6,145	2,715	3,435	8.0	6.9	9.1
$50,000 to $59,999	6,185	2,890	3,290	8.0	7.3	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,415	3,045	2,375	7.0	7.7	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,655	2,850	1,805	6.0	7.2	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	4,145	2,640	1,505	5.4	6.7	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	3,555	2,310	1,245	4.6	5.8	3.3
$100,000 and over	11,105	8,480	2,625	14.4	21.4	7.0
$100,000 to $124,999	5,130	3,675	1,455	6.6	9.3	3.9
$125,000 and over	5,975	4,805	1,170	7.7	12.1	3.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	106,880	51,910	54,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	100,185	48,640	51,545	93.7	93.7	93.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	57,200	35,200	44,400	57,200	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	100,420	48,685	51,735	94.0	93.8	94.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	49,200	32,000	39,200	49,200	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,660	46,265	47,395	87.6	89.1	86.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	56,000	31,600	41,600	56,000	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,845	40,130	38,715	73.8	77.3	70.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	57,200	32,800	43,200	57,200	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,160	24,975	38,185	59.1	48.1	69.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,200	5,120	6,500	6,200	5,120	6,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,005	2,170	3,835	5.6	4.2	7.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,440	4,400	6,360	5,440	4,400	6,360
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	106,880	51,915	54,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	100,290	48,730	51,555	93.8	93.9	93.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,600	71,900	44,160	57,600	71,900	44,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	100,470	48,765	51,700	94.0	93.9	94.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,520	57,800	37,800	47,520	57,800	37,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,795	46,400	47,390	87.8	89.4	86.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,950	71,000	41,280	55,950	71,000	41,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,005	40,205	38,800	73.9	77.4	70.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,800	66,900	40,200	53,800	66,900	40,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,855	24,775	38,090	58.8	47.7	69.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,420	8,450	8,400	8,420	8,450	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,025	2,200	3,830	5.6	4.2	7.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,250	5,425	8,300	7,250	5,425	8,300
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	106,880	51,915	54,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	38,645	23,195	15,450	36.2	44.7	28.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	76,000	55,600	67,000	76,000	55,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,500	87,000	60,700	76,500	87,000	60,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,250	11,115	16,135	25.5	21.4	29.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	31,200	23,400	26,000	31,200	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,960	46,600	30,320	36,960	46,600	30,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.8	94.0	86.0	90.8	94.0	86.0
Employment income (%)	73.6	76.8	68.6	73.6	76.8	68.6
Government transfers (%)	9.2	6.0	14.0	9.2	6.0	14.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.3	1.4	0.8	0.3	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,930	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	50,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	44,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	37,295	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	108,400	...	...	108,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,615	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,300	...	...	51,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	37,320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	147,600	...	...	147,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,100	...	...	123,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	450	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	455	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,070	...	...	2.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	975	...	...	2.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	960	...	...	2.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,210	...	...	2.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,280	...	...	2.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,260	...	...	2.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,720	...	...	5.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,740	...	...	5.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,760	...	...	5.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,585	...	...	5.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,610	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	25,405	...	...	54.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,830	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,170	...	...	11.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,940	...	...	14.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	7,465	...	...	15.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	535	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	285	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	485	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,115	...	...	2.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,110	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,135	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,390	...	...	3.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,510	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,505	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,245	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,315	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,170	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,220	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,930	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,795	...	...	46.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,730	...	...	14.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,135	...	...	10.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	9,925	...	...	21.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	36,580	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	18,385	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,000	...	...	151,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,415	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,065	6,465	7,600	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,600	51,200	42,000	45,600	51,200	42,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	45,200	38,000	40,800	45,200	38,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	36,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	145,800	...	...	145,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	121,300	...	...	121,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	122,300	...	...	122,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,700	...	...	101,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	173,000	...	...	173,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,380	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,500	...	...	90,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,600	...	...	79,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	13,915	6,285	7,625	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,150	61,650	51,650	56,150	61,650	51,650
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,200	51,080	44,040	47,200	51,080	44,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	130,960	64,235	66,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,200	14,915	14,285	22.3	23.2	21.4
0 to 5 years	9,060	4,695	4,365	6.9	7.3	6.5
18 to 64 years	80,050	39,210	40,835	61.1	61.0	61.2
65 years and over	21,710	10,110	11,600	16.6	15.7	17.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,965	4,040	4,925	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,270	1,155	1,120	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	610	325	285	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,665	2,090	2,575	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,030	800	1,230	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.8	6.3	7.4	6.8	6.3	7.4
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	7.7	7.8	7.8	7.7	7.8
0 to 5 years (%)	6.8	7.0	6.5	6.8	7.0	6.5
18 to 64 years (%)	5.8	5.3	6.3	5.8	5.3	6.3
65 years and over (%)	9.3	7.9	10.6	9.3	7.9	10.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	130,960	64,235	66,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,200	14,920	14,280	22.3	23.2	21.4
0 to 5 years	9,065	4,700	4,360	6.9	7.3	6.5
18 to 64 years	80,045	39,210	40,840	61.1	61.0	61.2
65 years and over	21,710	10,110	11,605	16.6	15.7	17.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,335	2,490	2,845	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,325	660	665	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	290	145	140	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,345	1,555	1,785	...	...	...
65 years and over	665	275	390	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.1	3.9	4.3	4.1	3.9	4.3
0 to 17 years (%)	4.5	4.4	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	4.0	4.4	4.2	4.0	4.4
65 years and over (%)	3.1	2.7	3.4	3.1	2.7	3.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	130,960	64,240	66,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	47,975	22,530	25,445	36.6	35.1	38.1
In bottom decile	8,700	3,995	4,705	6.6	6.2	7.1
In second decile	8,355	3,785	4,570	6.4	5.9	6.8
In third decile	9,095	4,245	4,850	6.9	6.6	7.3
In fourth decile	10,340	4,965	5,370	7.9	7.7	8.0
In fifth decile	11,485	5,540	5,950	8.8	8.6	8.9
In top half of the distribution	82,985	41,710	41,280	63.4	64.9	61.9
In sixth decile	13,385	6,595	6,795	10.2	10.3	10.2
In seventh decile	14,960	7,385	7,575	11.4	11.5	11.4
In eighth decile	16,750	8,385	8,365	12.8	13.1	12.5
In ninth decile	18,545	9,400	9,150	14.2	14.6	13.7
In top decile	19,340	9,945	9,395	14.8	15.5	14.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	130,960	...	...	130,960	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.319	...	...	0.319	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.398	...	...	0.398	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.283	...	...	0.283	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	131,925	64,565	67,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	122,810	60,645	62,170	93.1	93.9	92.3
French only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	6,360	2,725	3,635	4.8	4.2	5.4
Neither English nor French	2,735	1,190	1,545	2.1	1.8	2.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	131,925	64,565	67,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	128,045	62,820	65,225	97.1	97.3	96.8
French	840	415	425	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	370	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	2,670	1,155	1,515	2.0	1.8	2.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	131,925	64,565	67,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	128,000	62,710	65,290	97.0	97.1	96.9
Official languages	99,710	49,350	50,360	75.6	76.4	74.8
English	98,820	48,900	49,915	74.9	75.7	74.1
French	890	450	445	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official languages	28,290	13,355	14,935	21.4	20.7	22.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	28,280	13,355	14,925	21.4	20.7	22.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	635	330	300	0.5	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	630	330	300	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	535	280	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,200	570	630	0.9	0.9	0.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,170	555	615	0.9	0.9	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,580	640	935	1.2	1.0	1.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,325	540	780	1.0	0.8	1.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	230	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,020	6,330	6,690	9.9	9.8	9.9
Albanian	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,980	935	1,045	1.5	1.4	1.6
Baltic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,960	925	1,035	1.5	1.4	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	115	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	435	210	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	755	355	400	0.6	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	355	185	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	155	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	180	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,610	1,240	1,370	2.0	1.9	2.0
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,480	705	775	1.1	1.1	1.2
German	1,440	680	760	1.1	1.1	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	900	430	475	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	770	365	410	0.6	0.6	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	5,535	2,710	2,830	4.2	4.2	4.2
Indo-Aryan languages	4,875	2,370	2,510	3.7	3.7	3.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	495	230	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,895	1,900	2,000	3.0	2.9	3.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	65	35	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
Urdu	180	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	665	335	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	620	310	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	430	220	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,660	1,320	1,340	2.0	2.0	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	360	210	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	510	235	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,515	745	770	1.1	1.2	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	360	130	225	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	5,360	2,490	2,870	4.1	3.9	4.3
Mongolian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,160	2,390	2,765	3.9	3.7	4.1
Chinese languages	5,095	2,365	2,730	3.9	3.7	4.1
Hakka	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,895	1,795	2,105	3.0	2.8	3.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	255	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	860	415	450	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	65	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	295	150	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,925	1,860	2,070	3.0	2.9	3.1
English and French	330	155	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	3,175	1,490	1,680	2.4	2.3	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	330	155	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	131,925	64,565	67,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	102,820	50,795	52,025	77.9	78.7	77.2
French	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	9,310	4,395	4,910	7.1	6.8	7.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	9,310	4,395	4,910	7.1	6.8	7.3
English and French	625	270	355	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	18,180	8,635	9,540	13.8	13.4	14.2
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	405	185	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	475	220	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	131,925	64,565	67,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	127,990	62,630	65,355	97.0	97.0	97.0
Official languages	111,410	54,685	56,720	84.4	84.7	84.2
English	111,235	54,605	56,630	84.3	84.6	84.1
French	175	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official languages	16,580	7,945	8,635	12.6	12.3	12.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,580	7,945	8,635	12.6	12.3	12.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	325	165	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	325	160	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	270	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	920	445	475	0.7	0.7	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	895	430	470	0.7	0.7	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	695	330	365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	585	280	305	0.4	0.4	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,875	2,880	3,000	4.5	4.5	4.5
Albanian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	855	415	440	0.6	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	850	410	440	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	470	225	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	205	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	40	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,540	1,740	1,800	2.7	2.7	2.7
Indo-Aryan languages	3,150	1,535	1,615	2.4	2.4	2.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	230	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,630	1,280	1,350	2.0	2.0	2.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	390	200	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	370	190	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	275	145	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,200	590	610	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	795	405	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	4,455	2,080	2,380	3.4	3.2	3.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,730	1,780	1,950	2.8	2.8	2.9
Chinese languages	3,690	1,760	1,930	2.8	2.7	2.9
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,050	1,450	1,595	2.3	2.2	2.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	455	215	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,935	1,935	2,005	3.0	3.0	3.0
English and French	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,700	1,815	1,885	2.8	2.8	2.8
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	131,925	64,560	67,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	115,625	56,900	58,730	87.6	88.1	87.2
English	6,270	3,055	3,215	4.8	4.7	4.8
French	575	250	325	0.4	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	7,905	3,630	4,270	6.0	5.6	6.3
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	7,895	3,635	4,265	6.0	5.6	6.3
English and French	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	635	325	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	195	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	640	285	360	0.5	0.4	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	130,960	64,240	66,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	128,260	63,115	65,145	97.9	98.2	97.6
English	128,225	63,100	65,125	97.9	98.2	97.6
French	6,430	2,815	3,615	4.9	4.4	5.4
Non-official languages	36,455	17,415	19,035	27.8	27.1	28.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	36,435	17,420	19,015	27.8	27.1	28.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,020	510	510	0.8	0.8	0.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,010	510	510	0.8	0.8	0.8
Amharic	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	830	395	435	0.6	0.6	0.7
Aramaic languages	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	65	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,510	750	760	1.2	1.2	1.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,485	740	750	1.1	1.2	1.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,225	935	1,295	1.7	1.5	1.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,940	820	1,130	1.5	1.3	1.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	265	145	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	30	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	115	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	18,400	9,090	9,305	14.1	14.2	13.9
Albanian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	2,430	1,155	1,270	1.9	1.8	1.9
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,425	1,150	1,270	1.9	1.8	1.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	610	295	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian	1,025	475	545	0.8	0.7	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	435	220	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	355	150	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,820	1,850	1,970	2.9	2.9	3.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,255	1,140	1,115	1.7	1.8	1.7
German	2,190	1,105	1,085	1.7	1.7	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,390	645	740	1.1	1.0	1.1
Afrikaans	330	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dutch	1,025	475	555	0.8	0.7	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	300	140	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	140	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	80	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	240	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	7,725	3,845	3,880	5.9	6.0	5.8
Indo-Aryan languages	6,965	3,445	3,515	5.3	5.4	5.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	180	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,950	925	1,025	1.5	1.4	1.5
Kacchi	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,410	2,685	2,725	4.1	4.2	4.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	540	240	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	800	410	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	775	400	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Dari	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	490	265	225	0.4	0.4	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,605	2,320	2,290	3.5	3.6	3.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	685	385	295	0.5	0.6	0.4
Portuguese	725	360	360	0.6	0.6	0.5
Romanian	295	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	3,105	1,545	1,560	2.4	2.4	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	650	290	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	6,125	2,845	3,280	4.7	4.4	4.9
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	280	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	90	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	190	65	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	185	60	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,085	2,800	3,280	4.6	4.4	4.9
Chinese languages	6,040	2,775	3,260	4.6	4.3	4.9
Hakka	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mandarin	5,015	2,310	2,705	3.8	3.6	4.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	570	280	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,360	630	725	1.0	1.0	1.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	150	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	105	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	130	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	350	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	285	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	130,960	64,245	66,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,045	2,510	2,540	3.9	3.9	3.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,795	2,390	2,405	3.7	3.7	3.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,035	970	1,065	1.6	1.5	1.6
Métis	2,720	1,395	1,325	2.1	2.2	2.0
Inuk (Inuit)	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	185	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	125,915	61,735	64,175	96.1	96.1	96.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	130,960	64,245	66,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,180	530	650	0.9	0.8	1.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	129,785	63,715	66,070	99.1	99.2	99.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	38,430	...	...	81.9	...	...
Renter	8,500	...	...	18.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,815	...	...	16.7	...	...
Not condominium	39,115	...	...	83.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	105	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	3,650	...	...	7.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,065	...	...	21.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,155	...	...	32.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	17,950	...	...	38.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,640	...	...	22.7	...	...
5 rooms	6,965	...	...	14.8	...	...
6 rooms	6,490	...	...	13.8	...	...
7 rooms	5,900	...	...	12.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,930	...	...	36.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,960	...	...	97.9	...	...
More than one person per room	965	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	45,130	...	...	96.2	...	...
Not suitable	1,800	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,720	...	...	3.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,200	...	...	19.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,280	...	...	15.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,775	...	...	18.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,330	...	...	7.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,555	...	...	9.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,380	...	...	11.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,685	...	...	14.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	45,025	...	...	95.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,900	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,490	...	...	41.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,915	...	...	51.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,525	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	550	...	...	1.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,285	...	...	11.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,260	...	...	19.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,470	...	...	20.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,770	...	...	20.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,535	...	...	16.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,830	...	...	8.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,235	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	46,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,095	...	...	78.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,150	...	...	21.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,010	...	...	19.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,940	...	...	27.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,320	...	...	19.9	...	...
Not suitable only	1,365	...	...	2.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,350	...	...	2.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	355	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	475	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,985	...	...	72.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	45,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,055	...	...	11.2	...	...
Not in core need	40,055	...	...	88.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,855	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.3	...	...	65.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.0	...	...	19.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.4	...	...	8.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,760	...	...	1,760	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,928	...	...	1,928	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,000,000	...	...	1,000,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,148,000	...	...	1,148,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,485	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.3	...	...	35.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.1	...	...	24.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	...	...	1,500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,614	...	...	1,614	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	130,960	64,245	66,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,040	500	545	0.8	0.8	0.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	960	455	510	0.7	0.7	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	535	245	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Métis single ancestry	430	210	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,610	2,220	2,395	3.5	3.5	3.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,355	2,085	2,270	3.3	3.2	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,660	1,225	1,430	2.0	1.9	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,690	855	830	1.3	1.3	1.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	260	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	255	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	125,305	61,530	63,775	95.7	95.8	95.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	130,960	64,240	66,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	120,625	59,545	61,085	92.1	92.7	91.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	27,615	14,150	13,465	21.1	22.0	20.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	93,010	45,395	47,620	71.0	70.7	71.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	10,335	4,700	5,630	7.9	7.3	8.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	130,960	64,240	66,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	98,815	49,025	49,795	75.5	76.3	74.6
Immigrants⁸¹	29,890	14,170	15,715	22.8	22.1	23.6
Before 1980	6,270	3,075	3,190	4.8	4.8	4.8
1980 to 1990	3,170	1,550	1,625	2.4	2.4	2.4
1991 to 2000	5,565	2,675	2,885	4.2	4.2	4.3
2001 to 2010	7,180	3,330	3,850	5.5	5.2	5.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,700	3,535	4,165	5.9	5.5	6.2
2011 to 2015	3,895	1,815	2,080	3.0	2.8	3.1
2016 to 2021	3,805	1,725	2,080	2.9	2.7	3.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,255	1,045	1,205	1.7	1.6	1.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	29,890	14,170	15,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,115	1,525	1,590	10.4	10.8	10.1
5 to 14 years	5,825	2,995	2,825	19.5	21.1	18.0
15 to 24 years	5,620	2,625	2,995	18.8	18.5	19.1
25 to 44 years	12,660	5,810	6,855	42.4	41.0	43.6
45 years and over	2,675	1,215	1,455	8.9	8.6	9.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	29,890	14,170	15,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,195	1,465	1,725	10.7	10.3	11.0
Brazil	275	130	145	0.9	0.9	0.9
Colombia	160	85	80	0.5	0.6	0.5
El Salvador	160	80	80	0.5	0.6	0.5
Guyana	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	100	60	40	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mexico	385	155	225	1.3	1.1	1.4
Peru	145	60	80	0.5	0.4	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	70	40	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
United States of America	1,245	515	725	4.2	3.6	4.6
Other places of birth in Americas	605	320	290	2.0	2.3	1.8
Europe	7,730	3,835	3,895	25.9	27.1	24.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	95	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatia	80	30	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
France	80	50	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Germany	795	430	360	2.7	3.0	2.3
Greece	80	55	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Hungary	125	50	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italy	235	140	95	0.8	1.0	0.6
Netherlands	660	320	340	2.2	2.3	2.2
Poland	405	190	215	1.4	1.3	1.4
Portugal	185	85	95	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romania	290	145	145	1.0	1.0	0.9
Russian Federation	250	120	130	0.8	0.8	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	90	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	260	115	145	0.9	0.8	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,125	1,550	1,575	10.5	10.9	10.0
Other places of birth in Europe	975	465	510	3.3	3.3	3.2
Africa	1,250	630	625	4.2	4.4	4.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	220	100	120	0.7	0.7	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigeria	70	45	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	455	230	225	1.5	1.6	1.4
Other places of birth in Africa	430	210	220	1.4	1.5	1.4
Asia	17,035	7,880	9,150	57.0	55.6	58.2
Afghanistan	135	60	75	0.5	0.4	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	400	230	165	1.3	1.6	1.0
Iraq	190	120	75	0.6	0.8	0.5
Lebanon	55	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	90	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Turkey	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	2,920	1,310	1,610	9.8	9.2	10.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	390	190	200	1.3	1.3	1.3
Korea, South⁹²	4,060	1,870	2,185	13.6	13.2	13.9
Taiwan	810	390	415	2.7	2.8	2.6
Philippines	1,970	805	1,165	6.6	5.7	7.4
Viet Nam	945	440	505	3.2	3.1	3.2
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	3,380	1,630	1,755	11.3	11.5	11.2
Pakistan	225	110	110	0.8	0.8	0.7
Sri Lanka	130	70	65	0.4	0.5	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	1,310	595	720	4.4	4.2	4.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	680	360	325	2.3	2.5	2.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,805	1,725	2,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	550	235	310	14.5	13.6	14.9
Brazil	145	65	80	3.8	3.8	3.8
Colombia	35	20	10	0.9	1.2	0.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Mexico	60	20	35	1.6	1.2	1.7
United States of America	180	65	115	4.7	3.8	5.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	115	50	60	3.0	2.9	2.9
Europe	355	200	155	9.3	11.6	7.5
France	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	40	25	20	1.1	1.4	1.0
Ukraine	30	15	15	0.8	0.9	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	145	100	50	3.8	5.8	2.4
Other places of birth in Europe	120	60	60	3.2	3.5	2.9
Africa	100	40	55	2.6	2.3	2.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	15	0.8	1.2	0.7
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	15	25	0.9	0.9	1.2
Asia	2,755	1,225	1,530	72.4	71.0	73.6
Afghanistan	20	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	785	330	455	20.6	19.1	21.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	25	25	1.3	1.4	1.2
India	535	275	255	14.1	15.9	12.3
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	20	0.5	0.6	1.0
Iraq	30	20	10	0.8	1.2	0.5
Israel	15	10	10	0.4	0.6	0.5
Japan	35	0	25	0.9	0.0	1.2
Jordan	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	615	290	325	16.2	16.8	15.6
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	45	10	30	1.2	0.6	1.4
Philippines	270	120	150	7.1	7.0	7.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	10	10	0.4	0.6	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	75	40	30	2.0	2.3	1.4
Turkey	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	45	15	35	1.2	0.9	1.7
Viet Nam	90	25	65	2.4	1.4	3.1
Other places of birth in Asia	90	20	70	2.4	1.2	3.4
Oceania and other⁹³	50	20	30	1.3	1.2	1.4
Australia	25	15	10	0.7	0.9	0.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	25	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	130,960	64,245	66,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	33,580	15,905	17,675	25.6	24.8	26.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	30,620	15,360	15,260	23.4	23.9	22.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	66,760	32,980	33,780	51.0	51.3	50.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	23,620	11,095	12,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	14,305	7,090	7,220	60.6	63.9	57.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	5,135	3,250	1,885	21.7	29.3	15.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	9,165	3,835	5,335	38.8	34.6	42.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,230	2,850	4,375	30.6	25.7	34.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,945	1,080	865	8.2	9.7	6.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	150	70	75	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	23,620	11,095	12,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	455	240	215	1.9	2.2	1.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,705	1,175	1,530	11.5	10.6	12.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,155	615	540	4.9	5.5	4.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,500	630	865	6.4	5.7	6.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	125	45	80	0.5	0.4	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	17,685	8,390	9,295	74.9	75.6	74.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	130,960	64,245	66,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	34,860	16,975	17,885	26.6	26.4	26.8
South Asian	8,720	4,420	4,300	6.7	6.9	6.4
Chinese	7,000	3,310	3,690	5.3	5.2	5.5
Black	1,450	765	685	1.1	1.2	1.0
Filipino	3,045	1,370	1,675	2.3	2.1	2.5
Arab	645	320	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latin American	1,715	890	825	1.3	1.4	1.2
Southeast Asian	2,390	1,195	1,195	1.8	1.9	1.8
West Asian	795	415	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korean	6,415	2,995	3,420	4.9	4.7	5.1
Japanese	915	395	515	0.7	0.6	0.8
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	370	180	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	1,400	715	685	1.1	1.1	1.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	96,100	47,265	48,830	73.4	73.6	73.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	130,960	64,240	66,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,895	7,510	7,385	11.4	11.7	11.1
English	32,435	15,660	16,770	24.8	24.4	25.1
Irish	17,340	7,795	9,545	13.2	12.1	14.3
Scottish	23,015	11,220	11,805	17.6	17.5	17.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,745	3,850	3,890	5.9	6.0	5.8
German	18,035	8,745	9,290	13.8	13.6	13.9
Chinese	6,870	3,205	3,665	5.2	5.0	5.5
Italian	5,030	2,530	2,500	3.8	3.9	3.7
Indian (India)	4,790	2,465	2,325	3.7	3.8	3.5
Ukrainian	7,075	3,400	3,675	5.4	5.3	5.5
Dutch	9,145	4,605	4,545	7.0	7.2	6.8
Polish	4,265	2,030	2,235	3.3	3.2	3.4
Québécois	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,520	2,530	2,990	4.2	3.9	4.5
Filipino	3,180	1,475	1,705	2.4	2.3	2.6
French Canadian	1,020	535	480	0.8	0.8	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,055	1,030	1,025	1.6	1.6	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,850	900	950	1.4	1.4	1.4
Métis	2,455	1,240	1,210	1.9	1.9	1.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,640	1,890	1,750	2.8	2.9	2.6
Russian	3,810	1,795	2,015	2.9	2.8	3.0
Norwegian	4,050	1,820	2,230	3.1	2.8	3.3
Welsh	2,960	1,380	1,575	2.3	2.1	2.4
Portuguese	1,080	545	530	0.8	0.8	0.8
American	1,900	925	975	1.5	1.4	1.5
Spanish	1,285	640	645	1.0	1.0	1.0
Swedish	3,160	1,515	1,645	2.4	2.4	2.5
Hungarian	1,850	900	955	1.4	1.4	1.4
Acadian	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	480	230	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	415	210	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	505	235	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	1,605	810	800	1.2	1.3	1.2
Vietnamese	1,775	925	850	1.4	1.4	1.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	245	145	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	745	375	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jamaican	310	210	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,340	655	685	1.0	1.0	1.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	475	200	275	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korean	6,100	2,845	3,255	4.7	4.4	4.9
Romanian	835	380	455	0.6	0.6	0.7
Lebanese	200	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	450	245	205	0.3	0.4	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	545	305	240	0.4	0.5	0.4
Danish	1,885	905	980	1.4	1.4	1.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	350	145	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Sikh	1,040	520	520	0.8	0.8	0.8
Austrian	1,440	660	780	1.1	1.0	1.2
Belgian	615	305	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hindu	335	160	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mexican	680	330	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mennonite	1,045	530	510	0.8	0.8	0.8
Swiss	730	305	420	0.6	0.5	0.6
Finnish	980	475	495	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lankan	150	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	775	380	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
Japanese	1,135	515	625	0.9	0.8	0.9
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	500	230	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	950	470	480	0.7	0.7	0.7
Muslim	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	305	155	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	345	200	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	905	405	495	0.7	0.6	0.7
Colombian	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	615	315	295	0.5	0.5	0.4
Syrian	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	100	75	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	250	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	325	130	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nigerian	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	225	90	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slovak	395	195	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	485	220	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	755	365	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iraqi	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	45	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	175	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	105	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	70	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	430	205	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	570	310	260	0.4	0.5	0.4
Palestinian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	180	100	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	245	90	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peruvian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	70	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	65	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albertan	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	60	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	315	165	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Laotian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	600	345	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Ecuadorian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	250	105	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kurdish	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	395	215	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jatt	135	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	160	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	125	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	275	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	75	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	50	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	90	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	130,960	64,245	66,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,765	795	970	1.3	1.2	1.5
Christian	55,265	25,555	29,710	42.2	39.8	44.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	19,325	9,040	10,290	14.8	14.1	15.4
Anabaptist	1,180	585	590	0.9	0.9	0.9
Anglican	3,290	1,370	1,920	2.5	2.1	2.9
Baptist	1,975	935	1,040	1.5	1.5	1.6
Catholic	13,695	6,545	7,145	10.5	10.2	10.7
Christian Orthodox	1,265	595	670	1.0	0.9	1.0
Jehovah's Witness	705	340	365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latter Day Saints	415	205	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lutheran	1,460	650	810	1.1	1.0	1.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	220	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,075	890	1,185	1.6	1.4	1.8
Presbyterian	1,310	590	720	1.0	0.9	1.1
Reformed	1,300	640	660	1.0	1.0	1.0
United Church	3,535	1,430	2,100	2.7	2.2	3.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,505	1,640	1,870	2.7	2.6	2.8
Hindu	1,225	630	595	0.9	1.0	0.9
Jewish	290	150	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	1,890	930	960	1.4	1.4	1.4
Sikh	5,170	2,565	2,605	3.9	4.0	3.9
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	65	35	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	745	295	450	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	64,545	33,285	31,255	49.3	51.8	46.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	129,555	63,520	66,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	113,585	55,850	57,735	87.7	87.9	87.4
Movers	15,975	7,675	8,295	12.3	12.1	12.6
Non-migrants	7,205	3,465	3,735	5.6	5.5	5.7
Migrants	8,770	4,210	4,560	6.8	6.6	6.9
Internal migrants	7,880	3,795	4,085	6.1	6.0	6.2
Intraprovincial migrants	7,000	3,410	3,590	5.4	5.4	5.4
Interprovincial migrants	875	380	495	0.7	0.6	0.7
External migrants	895	420	475	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	123,435	60,475	62,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	70,485	34,800	35,685	57.1	57.5	56.7
Movers	52,955	25,680	27,275	42.9	42.5	43.3
Non-migrants	15,930	7,765	8,165	12.9	12.8	13.0
Migrants	37,025	17,915	19,110	30.0	29.6	30.4
Internal migrants	32,190	15,695	16,500	26.1	26.0	26.2
Intraprovincial migrants	29,310	14,360	14,950	23.7	23.7	23.7
Interprovincial migrants	2,880	1,335	1,545	2.3	2.2	2.5
External migrants	4,835	2,215	2,615	3.9	3.7	4.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	106,880	51,915	54,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,685	8,510	7,175	14.7	16.4	13.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	91,200	43,405	47,795	85.3	83.6	87.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,015	33,995	36,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,525	3,420	2,105	7.9	10.1	5.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	64,490	30,575	33,915	92.1	89.9	94.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	106,880	51,915	54,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,855	7,280	6,575	13.0	14.0	12.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35,520	17,135	18,390	33.2	33.0	33.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	57,500	27,500	30,000	53.8	53.0	54.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	32,900	16,645	16,255	30.8	32.1	29.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,410	7,415	1,995	8.8	14.3	3.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,680	2,180	1,505	3.4	4.2	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,730	5,235	495	5.4	10.1	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,890	7,335	11,555	17.7	14.1	21.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,600	1,895	2,710	4.3	3.7	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,600	10,860	13,745	23.0	20.9	25.0
Bachelor's degree	16,445	7,160	9,285	15.4	13.8	16.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,070	770	1,300	1.9	1.5	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	575	325	250	0.5	0.6	0.5
Master's degree	4,960	2,255	2,705	4.6	4.3	4.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	555	350	215	0.5	0.7	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,015	33,995	36,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,445	2,675	1,770	6.3	7.9	4.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,565	10,180	10,380	29.4	29.9	28.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,005	21,135	23,870	64.3	62.2	66.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,640	12,445	12,200	35.2	36.6	33.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,895	5,495	1,395	9.8	16.2	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,620	1,545	1,075	3.7	4.5	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,270	3,950	325	6.1	11.6	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,250	5,495	8,755	20.4	16.2	24.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,500	1,455	2,045	5.0	4.3	5.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,360	8,690	11,670	29.1	25.6	32.4
Bachelor's degree	13,615	5,780	7,835	19.4	17.0	21.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,600	540	1,055	2.3	1.6	2.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	465	245	225	0.7	0.7	0.6
Master's degree	4,265	1,880	2,380	6.1	5.5	6.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	425	245	175	0.6	0.7	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	106,875	51,915	54,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	49,375	24,415	24,965	46.2	47.0	45.4
Education	4,875	1,010	3,865	4.6	1.9	7.0
13. Education	4,875	1,010	3,865	4.6	1.9	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,115	775	1,340	2.0	1.5	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	290	200	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,820	575	1,245	1.7	1.1	2.3
Humanities	3,415	1,505	1,910	3.2	2.9	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	395	140	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	760	195	570	0.7	0.4	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	910	375	535	0.9	0.7	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	210	125	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	675	435	235	0.6	0.8	0.4
54. History	400	220	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,520	2,045	4,475	6.1	3.9	8.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	630	270	360	0.6	0.5	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,180	65	1,115	1.1	0.1	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,035	225	810	1.0	0.4	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,175	330	850	1.1	0.6	1.5
45. Social sciences	2,305	1,105	1,205	2.2	2.1	2.2
Business, management and public administration	11,720	4,945	6,775	11.0	9.5	12.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	585	100	485	0.5	0.2	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,125	4,845	6,280	10.4	9.3	11.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,695	810	880	1.6	1.6	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	625	250	375	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	510	245	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	435	265	170	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,965	1,220	745	1.8	2.3	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,610	1,080	540	1.5	2.1	1.0
25. Library science	135	10	125	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	190	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,480	11,635	845	11.7	22.4	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	295	210	80	0.3	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	2,330	2,015	315	2.2	3.9	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,115	1,895	220	2.0	3.7	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,595	3,485	105	3.4	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,580	2,540	45	2.4	4.9	0.1
48. Precision production	1,570	1,485	85	1.5	2.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,355	615	735	1.3	1.2	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,070	415	655	1.0	0.8	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	285	205	80	0.3	0.4	0.1
Health and related fields	8,130	1,410	6,725	7.6	2.7	12.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	750	390	365	0.7	0.8	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,215	920	6,295	6.8	1.8	11.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	160	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,210	1,515	1,700	3.0	2.9	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,820	415	1,405	1.7	0.8	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	710	525	190	0.7	1.0	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	655	550	110	0.6	1.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	70,015	33,995	36,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,005	12,865	12,150	35.7	37.8	33.7
Education	3,580	675	2,905	5.1	2.0	8.1
13. Education	3,580	675	2,905	5.1	2.0	8.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,685	595	1,085	2.4	1.8	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	205	135	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,480	455	1,025	2.1	1.3	2.8
Humanities	2,690	1,145	1,545	3.8	3.4	4.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	310	95	215	0.4	0.3	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	620	150	470	0.9	0.4	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	755	320	435	1.1	0.9	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165	105	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	460	290	175	0.7	0.9	0.5
54. History	330	185	145	0.5	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,450	1,665	3,785	7.8	4.9	10.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	515	215	300	0.7	0.6	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	930	60	870	1.3	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	860	150	705	1.2	0.4	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	980	245	735	1.4	0.7	2.0
45. Social sciences	2,025	945	1,080	2.9	2.8	3.0
Business, management and public administration	9,300	3,880	5,425	13.3	11.4	15.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	455	90	365	0.6	0.3	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,840	3,790	5,050	12.6	11.1	14.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,320	595	725	1.9	1.8	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	490	180	310	0.7	0.5	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	395	180	215	0.6	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	360	200	155	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,660	1,025	635	2.4	3.0	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,415	945	470	2.0	2.8	1.3
25. Library science	95	0	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,590	8,865	725	13.7	26.1	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	250	180	65	0.4	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	1,920	1,630	285	2.7	4.8	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,570	1,400	170	2.2	4.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,725	2,635	90	3.9	7.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,980	1,945	35	2.8	5.7	0.1
48. Precision production	1,145	1,075	75	1.6	3.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,045	445	605	1.5	1.3	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	820	285	530	1.2	0.8	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	225	150	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	6,235	1,110	5,125	8.9	3.3	14.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	625	330	290	0.9	1.0	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,500	715	4,785	7.9	2.1	13.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	55	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,430	1,130	1,295	3.5	3.3	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,365	310	1,050	1.9	0.9	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	595	425	170	0.8	1.3	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	460	380	80	0.7	1.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	70,015	33,995	36,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,005	12,865	12,150	35.7	37.8	33.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	45,005	21,130	23,875	64.3	62.2	66.3
Location of study inside Canada	35,160	16,670	18,495	50.2	49.0	51.3
Same as province or territory of residence	30,425	14,350	16,075	43.5	42.2	44.6
Different than province or territory of residence	4,735	2,325	2,415	6.8	6.8	6.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	9,840	4,460	5,375	14.1	13.1	14.9
Americas	1,870	930	945	2.7	2.7	2.6
United States of America	1,290	685	605	1.8	2.0	1.7
Mexico	190	80	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	155	65	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Colombia	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	115	40	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Europe	1,595	830	765	2.3	2.4	2.1
Belgium	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	90	65	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	110	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	125	50	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	640	375	260	0.9	1.1	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	145	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	385	195	190	0.5	0.6	0.5
Nigeria	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	120	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	185	100	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Asia	5,710	2,355	3,355	8.2	6.9	9.3
Iran⁸⁸	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israel	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,210	515	685	1.7	1.5	1.9
Taiwan	185	65	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	90	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	1,850	710	1,135	2.6	2.1	3.2
Philippines	800	305	495	1.1	0.9	1.4
Viet Nam	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
India	875	395	480	1.2	1.2	1.3
Pakistan	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	240	120	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Oceania	275	150	125	0.4	0.4	0.3
Australia	225	130	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
New Zealand	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	106,880	51,915	54,965	...	...	...
In the labour force	71,315	37,100	34,220	...	...	...
Employed	66,870	35,040	31,830	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,445	2,055	2,390	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	35,565	14,815	20,750	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.7	71.5	62.3	66.7	71.5	62.3
Employment rate	62.6	67.5	57.9	62.6	67.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	6.2	5.5	7.0	6.2	5.5	7.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	106,875	51,915	54,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,805	14,885	20,925	33.5	28.7	38.1
Worked	71,070	37,035	34,040	66.5	71.3	61.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	40,250	24,230	16,015	37.7	46.7	29.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,825	12,800	18,025	28.8	24.7	32.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	44.1	40.9	42.6	44.1	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	71,315	37,095	34,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,085	420	665	1.5	1.1	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	70,230	36,675	33,550	98.5	98.9	98.0
Employee	57,515	29,030	28,490	80.6	78.3	83.3
Permanent position	50,285	25,895	24,390	70.5	69.8	71.3
Temporary position	7,230	3,130	4,100	10.1	8.4	12.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,310	1,065	1,245	3.2	2.9	3.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,920	2,065	2,850	6.9	5.6	8.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,715	7,650	5,065	17.8	20.6	14.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	71,315	37,095	34,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,085	420	665	1.5	1.1	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	70,230	36,675	33,550	98.5	98.9	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,000	810	190	1.4	2.2	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,965	3,555	9,405	18.2	9.6	27.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,395	3,495	905	6.2	9.4	2.6
3 Health occupations	4,460	810	3,645	6.3	2.2	10.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,015	3,125	5,895	12.6	8.4	17.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,505	1,020	1,485	3.5	2.7	4.3
6 Sales and service occupations	16,375	7,295	9,080	23.0	19.7	26.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,615	13,375	1,245	20.5	36.1	3.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,455	1,460	1,000	3.4	3.9	2.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,445	1,735	715	3.4	4.7	2.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	71,315	37,095	34,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,085	420	665	1.5	1.1	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	70,230	36,675	33,550	98.5	98.9	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,170	1,125	1,040	3.0	3.0	3.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	210	160	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
22 Utilities	525	375	155	0.7	1.0	0.5
23 Construction	8,665	7,285	1,380	12.2	19.6	4.0
31-33 Manufacturing	5,190	3,675	1,510	7.3	9.9	4.4
41 Wholesale trade	3,380	2,205	1,175	4.7	5.9	3.4
44-45 Retail trade	7,615	3,635	3,980	10.7	9.8	11.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,975	2,805	1,170	5.6	7.6	3.4
51 Information and cultural industries	1,490	850	640	2.1	2.3	1.9
52 Finance and insurance	2,635	1,035	1,600	3.7	2.8	4.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,350	710	640	1.9	1.9	1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,905	2,505	2,400	6.9	6.8	7.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	225	85	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,425	1,415	1,010	3.4	3.8	3.0
61 Educational services	5,475	1,510	3,970	7.7	4.1	11.6
62 Health care and social assistance	7,150	1,120	6,025	10.0	3.0	17.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,560	750	810	2.2	2.0	2.4
72 Accommodation and food services	3,885	1,595	2,290	5.4	4.3	6.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,440	1,650	1,790	4.8	4.4	5.2
91 Public administration	3,955	2,160	1,800	5.5	5.8	5.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	76,355	39,570	36,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	71,795	37,330	34,465	94.0	94.3	93.7
French	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-official language	1,160	590	565	1.5	1.5	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,160	590	565	1.5	1.5	1.5
English and French	430	135	295	0.6	0.3	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	2,855	1,445	1,405	3.7	3.7	3.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	76,355	39,570	36,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	75,780	39,295	36,485	99.2	99.3	99.2
Official languages	73,830	38,270	35,565	96.7	96.7	96.7
English	73,770	38,255	35,510	96.6	96.7	96.5
French	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official languages	1,945	1,030	920	2.5	2.6	2.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,945	1,030	920	2.5	2.6	2.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	320	145	175	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	320	145	175	0.4	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	355	225	130	0.5	0.6	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	260	175	85	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	250	170	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	165	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	685	360	320	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	535	270	265	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese languages	535	270	265	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	490	240	250	0.6	0.6	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	575	275	300	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and French	25	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	525	265	260	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	76,355	39,570	36,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	73,495	38,190	35,310	96.3	96.5	96.0
English	785	405	380	1.0	1.0	1.0
French	360	120	240	0.5	0.3	0.7
Non-official language	1,545	755	790	2.0	1.9	2.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,545	755	790	2.0	1.9	2.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	66,870	35,040	31,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	13,850	6,180	7,670	20.7	17.6	24.1
Worked outside Canada	220	130	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
No fixed workplace address	11,045	8,395	2,655	16.5	24.0	8.3
Usual place of work	41,755	20,340	21,405	62.4	58.0	67.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	41,750	20,340	21,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	15,560	6,485	9,075	37.3	31.9	42.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	22,915	12,220	10,695	54.9	60.1	50.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,185	1,580	1,605	7.6	7.8	7.5
Commute to a different province or territory	85	55	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	52,795	28,730	24,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	48,515	26,820	21,695	91.9	93.4	90.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	45,360	25,505	19,860	85.9	88.8	82.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,150	1,315	1,835	6.0	4.6	7.6
Public transit	1,435	650	790	2.7	2.3	3.3
Walked	1,755	705	1,050	3.3	2.5	4.4
Bicycle	240	175	65	0.5	0.6	0.3
Other method	850	385	465	1.6	1.3	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	52,795	28,730	24,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,865	5,780	7,085	24.4	20.1	29.4
15 to 29 minutes	17,900	8,935	8,965	33.9	31.1	37.3
30 to 44 minutes	12,295	7,335	4,955	23.3	25.5	20.6
45 to 59 minutes	5,520	3,705	1,815	10.5	12.9	7.5
60 minutes and over	4,215	2,970	1,245	8.0	10.3	5.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	52,795	28,730	24,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,270	3,880	1,385	10.0	13.5	5.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,280	6,300	2,970	17.6	21.9	12.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,480	6,930	6,550	25.5	24.1	27.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,530	4,795	5,735	19.9	16.7	23.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,370	3,065	4,310	14.0	10.7	17.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,875	3,760	3,110	13.0	13.1	12.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	29,855	15,265	14,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,365	675	685	4.6	4.4	4.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	28,490	14,590	13,900	95.4	95.6	95.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	21,845	11,110	10,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,075	530	545	4.9	4.8	5.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	495	245	250	2.3	2.2	2.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	580	285	295	2.7	2.6	2.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,765	10,575	10,190	95.1	95.2	94.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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