Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Abbotsford, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	153,524	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	141,397	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.6	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	55,659	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	53,234	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	409.0	...	...	409.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	375.33	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	153,520	75,960	77,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	26,655	13,715	12,940	17.4	18.1	16.7
0 to 4 years	8,010	4,110	3,900	5.2	5.4	5.0
5 to 9 years	9,115	4,680	4,435	5.9	6.2	5.7
10 to 14 years	9,530	4,930	4,600	6.2	6.5	5.9
15 to 64 years	98,760	49,580	49,180	64.3	65.3	63.4
15 to 19 years	9,265	4,770	4,495	6.0	6.3	5.8
20 to 24 years	10,255	5,325	4,925	6.7	7.0	6.3
25 to 29 years	10,385	5,290	5,095	6.8	7.0	6.6
30 to 34 years	10,755	5,485	5,270	7.0	7.2	6.8
35 to 39 years	10,980	5,480	5,505	7.2	7.2	7.1
40 to 44 years	10,030	4,940	5,090	6.5	6.5	6.6
45 to 49 years	9,305	4,560	4,745	6.1	6.0	6.1
50 to 54 years	9,200	4,590	4,615	6.0	6.0	5.9
55 to 59 years	9,305	4,630	4,675	6.1	6.1	6.0
60 to 64 years	9,270	4,500	4,770	6.0	5.9	6.1
65 years and over	28,110	12,665	15,450	18.3	16.7	19.9
65 to 69 years	8,385	3,905	4,480	5.5	5.1	5.8
70 to 74 years	7,310	3,330	3,980	4.8	4.4	5.1
75 to 79 years	5,040	2,410	2,625	3.3	3.2	3.4
80 to 84 years	3,610	1,590	2,025	2.4	2.1	2.6
85 years and over	3,770	1,430	2,335	2.5	1.9	3.0
85 to 89 years	2,180	915	1,260	1.4	1.2	1.6
90 to 94 years	1,215	425	790	0.8	0.6	1.0
95 to 99 years	330	80	245	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.4	18.1	16.7	17.4	18.1	16.7
15 to 64 years	64.3	65.3	63.4	64.3	65.3	63.4
65 years and over	18.3	16.7	19.9	18.3	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	2.5	1.9	3.0	2.5	1.9	3.0
Average age of the population	40.6	39.5	41.6	40.6	39.5	41.6
Median age of the population	39.2	38.0	40.4	39.2	38.0	40.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	53,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	19,775	...	...	37.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,425	...	...	2.7	...	...
Row house	4,805	...	...	9.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	11,400	...	...	21.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	14,425	...	...	27.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,075	...	...	2.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	290	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	53,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,180	...	...	24.8	...	...
2 persons	16,335	...	...	30.7	...	...
3 persons	7,265	...	...	13.6	...	...
4 persons	7,660	...	...	14.4	...	...
5 or more persons	8,800	...	...	16.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	150,800	74,535	76,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	126,870	62,245	64,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	74,895	37,460	37,430	59.0	60.2	57.9
Married	67,205	33,630	33,575	53.0	54.0	52.0
Living common-law	7,690	3,835	3,855	6.1	6.2	6.0
Living common law - Never married	5,350	2,675	2,675	4.2	4.3	4.1
Living common law - Separated	440	235	205	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,700	845	855	1.3	1.4	1.3
Living common law - Widowed	200	85	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	51,975	24,780	27,200	41.0	39.8	42.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	34,260	19,045	15,210	27.0	30.6	23.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,265	1,400	1,865	2.6	2.2	2.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,160	2,820	4,335	5.6	4.5	6.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,295	1,515	5,780	5.7	2.4	8.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	41,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	20,020	...	...	47.8	...	...
3 persons	8,345	...	...	19.9	...	...
4 persons	9,040	...	...	21.6	...	...
5 or more persons	4,465	...	...	10.7	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	41,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	35,885	...	...	85.7	...	...
Married couples	32,040	...	...	76.5	...	...
With children⁶	18,015	...	...	43.0	...	...
Without children	14,020	...	...	33.5	...	...
Common-law couples	3,840	...	...	9.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,375	...	...	3.3	...	...
Without children	2,470	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,995	...	...	14.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,705	...	...	11.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,290	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	150,800	74,535	76,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	125,340	62,485	62,855	83.1	83.8	82.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	71,760	35,845	35,920	47.6	48.1	47.1
Parents in one-parent families	5,995	1,290	4,705	4.0	1.7	6.2
Children⁶	47,580	25,345	22,235	31.6	34.0	29.2
In a two-parent family	38,210	20,205	18,010	25.3	27.1	23.6
In a one-parent family	9,370	5,140	4,225	6.2	6.9	5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25,460	12,055	13,405	16.9	16.2	17.6
Living alone	13,175	5,920	7,260	8.7	7.9	9.5
Living with other relatives⁷	5,565	2,305	3,265	3.7	3.1	4.3
Living with non-relatives only	6,720	3,830	2,885	4.5	5.1	3.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	53,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,685	...	...	55.8	...	...
Couple-family households	25,755	...	...	48.4	...	...
With children⁶	13,530	...	...	25.4	...	...
Without children	12,225	...	...	23.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,935	...	...	7.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	4,515	...	...	8.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	895	...	...	1.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,545	...	...	4.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,415	...	...	4.5	...	...
One-person households	13,175	...	...	24.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	124,150	60,825	63,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	120,075	58,805	61,270	96.7	96.7	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	45,200	32,800	38,000	45,200	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	120,205	58,870	61,335	96.8	96.8	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,800	30,800	34,800	40,800	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	105,175	52,970	52,205	84.7	87.1	82.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	43,200	24,800	32,800	43,200	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,720	45,480	42,240	70.7	74.8	66.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	44,800	27,000	35,200	44,800	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	101,475	46,875	54,595	81.7	77.1	86.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	7,200	11,500	9,700	7,200	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,600	4,940	7,660	10.1	8.1	12.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,040	5,640	5,480	5,040	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,700	15,015	17,685	26.3	24.7	27.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	124,150	60,845	63,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	120,005	58,690	61,320	96.7	96.5	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,040	56,450	39,960	48,040	56,450	39,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	120,155	58,770	61,380	96.8	96.6	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	47,760	35,680	41,600	47,760	35,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	105,165	52,920	52,240	84.7	87.0	82.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,080	53,900	34,160	44,080	53,900	34,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,720	45,445	42,275	70.7	74.7	66.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,080	52,950	34,520	44,080	52,950	34,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	101,540	46,915	54,625	81.8	77.1	86.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,090	9,800	12,200	11,090	9,800	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,710	5,000	7,710	10.2	8.2	12.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,540	5,790	7,030	6,540	5,790	7,030
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,715	15,220	17,500	26.4	25.0	27.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,370	8,130	8,580	8,370	8,130	8,580
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	124,150	60,850	63,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	39,340	23,415	15,925	31.7	38.5	25.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	65,000	50,800	58,000	65,000	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,300	73,300	56,100	66,300	73,300	56,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	35,770	15,845	19,930	28.8	26.0	31.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	23,000	15,900	18,400	23,000	15,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,040	33,280	22,120	27,040	33,280	22,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.4	86.2	72.8	80.4	86.2	72.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.0	72.6	59.6	67.0	72.6	59.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.5	13.9	27.2	19.5	13.9	27.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.9	2.2	1.4	0.9	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.1	4.7	8.1	6.1	4.7	8.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	3.7	6.1	4.8	3.7	6.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	124,145	60,820	63,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,075	2,020	2,055	3.3	3.3	3.2
With total income	120,075	58,805	61,275	96.7	96.7	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,835	4,645	6,185	9.0	7.9	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	16,095	6,470	9,620	13.4	11.0	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	20,270	8,290	11,985	16.9	14.1	19.6
$30,000 to $39,999	16,195	6,720	9,475	13.5	11.4	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	13,295	5,925	7,375	11.1	10.1	12.0
$50,000 to $59,999	11,020	5,725	5,300	9.2	9.7	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	8,450	4,845	3,600	7.0	8.2	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	6,370	4,035	2,340	5.3	6.9	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	4,600	2,970	1,630	3.8	5.1	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,490	2,310	1,175	2.9	3.9	1.9
$100,000 and over	9,465	6,870	2,595	7.9	11.7	4.2
$100,000 to $149,999	6,635	4,655	1,975	5.5	7.9	3.2
$150,000 and over	2,830	2,215	615	2.4	3.8	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	124,145	60,820	63,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,945	1,955	1,995	3.2	3.2	3.2
With after-tax income	120,205	58,870	61,335	96.8	96.8	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,250	4,820	6,435	9.4	8.2	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	16,620	6,700	9,920	13.8	11.4	16.2
$20,000 to $29,999	22,630	9,290	13,345	18.8	15.8	21.8
$30,000 to $39,999	18,485	7,915	10,570	15.4	13.4	17.2
$40,000 to $49,999	15,295	7,475	7,815	12.7	12.7	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	11,585	6,460	5,125	9.6	11.0	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	7,985	4,965	3,015	6.6	8.4	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,460	3,505	1,955	4.5	6.0	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,610	2,415	1,200	3.0	4.1	2.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,305	1,610	695	1.9	2.7	1.1
$100,000 and over	4,970	3,710	1,260	4.1	6.3	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,650	1,915	740	2.2	3.3	1.2
$125,000 and over	2,320	1,800	515	1.9	3.1	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	124,145	60,820	63,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	36,430	15,345	21,085	29.3	25.2	33.3
With employment income	87,720	45,480	42,240	70.7	74.8	66.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,000	4,840	6,155	12.5	10.6	14.6
$5,000 to $9,999	7,475	2,960	4,515	8.5	6.5	10.7
$10,000 to $19,999	11,630	4,825	6,805	13.3	10.6	16.1
$20,000 to $29,999	9,160	3,930	5,230	10.4	8.6	12.4
$30,000 to $39,999	8,775	4,020	4,755	10.0	8.8	11.3
$40,000 to $49,999	8,295	4,270	4,020	9.5	9.4	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	7,575	4,210	3,365	8.6	9.3	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,955	3,710	2,250	6.8	8.2	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,595	3,100	1,495	5.2	6.8	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,570	2,420	1,150	4.1	5.3	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,720	1,880	835	3.1	4.1	2.0
$100,000 and over	6,965	5,310	1,655	7.9	11.7	3.9
$100,000 to $124,999	3,620	2,600	1,020	4.1	5.7	2.4
$125,000 and over	3,350	2,715	635	3.8	6.0	1.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	124,150	60,825	63,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	116,545	56,925	59,625	93.9	93.6	94.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	43,600	28,800	34,800	43,600	28,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	116,760	56,965	59,795	94.0	93.7	94.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	38,800	27,000	31,800	38,800	27,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	103,765	52,010	51,755	83.6	85.5	81.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	43,600	25,400	33,200	43,600	25,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,140	45,825	43,315	71.8	75.3	68.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	44,000	26,400	34,000	44,000	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,060	34,625	47,440	66.1	56.9	74.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,550	3,560	7,700	6,550	3,560	7,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,325	3,775	6,555	8.3	6.2	10.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	4,680	5,600	5,280	4,680	5,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	124,150	60,845	63,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	116,390	56,780	59,610	93.7	93.3	94.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	55,250	36,440	45,600	55,250	36,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	116,645	56,830	59,810	94.0	93.4	94.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,040	46,360	32,120	39,040	46,360	32,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	103,610	51,865	51,745	83.5	85.2	81.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	55,200	33,560	44,400	55,200	33,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,930	45,690	43,235	71.6	75.1	68.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,840	52,150	33,040	42,840	52,150	33,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,790	34,485	47,305	65.9	56.7	74.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,660	7,960	9,180	8,660	7,960	9,180
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,330	3,815	6,520	8.3	6.3	10.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,770	5,810	7,340	6,770	5,810	7,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	124,150	60,850	63,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	38,960	23,150	15,810	31.4	38.0	25.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	62,000	46,000	54,000	62,000	46,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,350	70,100	51,080	62,350	70,100	51,080
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	33,355	14,825	18,530	26.9	24.4	29.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	28,800	19,400	22,400	28,800	19,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,240	38,720	25,240	31,240	38,720	25,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.6	91.2	80.0	86.6	91.2	80.0
Employment income (%)	71.8	76.0	65.8	71.8	76.0	65.8
Government transfers (%)	13.4	8.7	20.0	13.4	8.7	20.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.7	2.2	1.3	0.7	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	53,235	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	40,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	53,235	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	108,300	...	...	108,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	93,900	...	...	93,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,520	...	...	50,520	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,760	...	...	43,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	40,050	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,300	...	...	127,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,400	...	...	110,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	53,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	455	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	350	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	895	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,000	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,590	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,605	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,850	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,950	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,835	...	...	3.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,660	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,525	...	...	6.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,415	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,260	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,105	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,530	...	...	44.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,595	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,190	...	...	9.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,260	...	...	11.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,485	...	...	10.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	53,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	530	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	225	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	360	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	925	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,090	...	...	3.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,775	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,790	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,185	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,295	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,120	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,115	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,065	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,915	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,630	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,305	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,905	...	...	37.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,990	...	...	13.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,865	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,045	...	...	15.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	38,595	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	19,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	19,895	9,750	10,140	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	41,200	34,400	37,600	41,200	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	37,600	32,400	34,800	37,600	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	38,610	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,100	...	...	126,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	109,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,855	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,100	...	...	104,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,500	...	...	89,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,210	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,200	...	...	131,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,960	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	19,570	9,590	9,980	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,720	49,400	42,160	45,720	49,400	42,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	42,120	37,920	40,000	42,120	37,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	150,800	74,535	76,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	32,225	16,610	15,615	21.4	22.3	20.5
0 to 5 years	9,825	5,010	4,815	6.5	6.7	6.3
18 to 64 years	92,030	45,765	46,270	61.0	61.4	60.7
65 years and over	26,540	12,165	14,375	17.6	16.3	18.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,565	5,665	6,905	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,815	1,440	1,375	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	860	445	415	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,275	2,925	3,350	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,475	1,305	2,175	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.3	7.6	9.1	8.3	7.6	9.1
0 to 17 years (%)	8.7	8.7	8.8	8.7	8.7	8.8
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	8.9	8.6	8.8	8.9	8.6
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	6.4	7.2	6.8	6.4	7.2
65 years and over (%)	13.1	10.7	15.1	13.1	10.7	15.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	150,800	74,535	76,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	32,230	16,610	15,620	21.4	22.3	20.5
0 to 5 years	9,830	5,010	4,820	6.5	6.7	6.3
18 to 64 years	92,035	45,760	46,270	61.0	61.4	60.7
65 years and over	26,540	12,165	14,375	17.6	16.3	18.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,245	2,675	2,565	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,025	555	470	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	245	145	105	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,710	1,905	1,805	...	...	...
65 years and over	505	215	295	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2	3.3	3.0	3.2	3.3	3.0
0 to 5 years (%)	2.5	2.9	2.1	2.5	2.9	2.1
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.2	3.9	4.0	4.2	3.9
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.8	2.0	1.9	1.8	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	150,800	74,535	76,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	71,620	34,550	37,075	47.5	46.4	48.6
In bottom decile	12,040	5,670	6,370	8.0	7.6	8.4
In second decile	13,050	6,005	7,050	8.7	8.1	9.2
In third decile	14,440	6,960	7,480	9.6	9.3	9.8
In fourth decile	15,715	7,715	8,005	10.4	10.4	10.5
In fifth decile	16,375	8,205	8,170	10.9	11.0	10.7
In top half of the distribution	79,175	39,990	39,190	52.5	53.7	51.4
In sixth decile	17,035	8,505	8,530	11.3	11.4	11.2
In seventh decile	17,170	8,660	8,510	11.4	11.6	11.2
In eighth decile	16,430	8,275	8,155	10.9	11.1	10.7
In ninth decile	15,485	7,900	7,585	10.3	10.6	9.9
In top decile	13,065	6,645	6,415	8.7	8.9	8.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	150,800	...	...	150,800	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.295	...	...	0.295	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.400	...	...	0.400	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.266	...	...	0.266	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	151,605	74,910	76,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	135,670	67,855	67,815	89.5	90.6	88.4
French only	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	6,230	2,715	3,520	4.1	3.6	4.6
Neither English nor French	9,665	4,325	5,335	6.4	5.8	7.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	151,605	74,910	76,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	140,730	69,985	70,740	92.8	93.4	92.2
French	895	440	455	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	450	215	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	9,520	4,265	5,255	6.3	5.7	6.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	151,605	74,910	76,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	145,550	71,935	73,610	96.0	96.0	96.0
Official languages	93,415	46,335	47,075	61.6	61.9	61.4
English	92,460	45,870	46,595	61.0	61.2	60.8
French	955	475	480	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official languages	52,130	25,595	26,535	34.4	34.2	34.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	52,120	25,585	26,530	34.4	34.2	34.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	855	455	400	0.6	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	835	445	385	0.6	0.6	0.5
Amharic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	720	390	335	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,125	535	595	0.7	0.7	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,105	525	580	0.7	0.7	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,470	660	810	1.0	0.9	1.1
Bikol	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,180	520	665	0.8	0.7	0.9
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	285	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	180	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	44,425	21,935	22,495	29.3	29.3	29.3
Albanian	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,270	595	680	0.8	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,260	585	675	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	90	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	340	160	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	415	185	235	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	190	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,745	2,175	2,565	3.1	2.9	3.3
Frisian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,100	1,410	1,695	2.0	1.9	2.2
German	3,065	1,390	1,675	2.0	1.9	2.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,415	665	755	0.9	0.9	1.0
Afrikaans	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	990	465	525	0.7	0.6	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	260	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	190	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	36,280	18,090	18,190	23.9	24.1	23.7
Indo-Aryan languages	35,825	17,855	17,970	23.6	23.8	23.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	860	430	430	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kacchi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	34,280	17,070	17,205	22.6	22.8	22.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	400	215	190	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	460	230	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	340	170	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	210	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,960	985	975	1.3	1.3	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	175	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	250	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,375	705	675	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	210	80	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	1,190	565	620	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,660	800	855	1.1	1.1	1.1
Chinese languages	1,595	770	830	1.1	1.0	1.1
Hakka	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	945	430	515	0.6	0.6	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	555	290	265	0.4	0.4	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	260	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	85	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	185	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,060	2,970	3,085	4.0	4.0	4.0
English and French	370	165	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	5,230	2,610	2,620	3.4	3.5	3.4
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	330	140	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	151,605	74,910	76,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	97,095	48,030	49,065	64.0	64.1	64.0
French	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	23,080	11,380	11,705	15.2	15.2	15.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	23,080	11,380	11,700	15.2	15.2	15.3
English and French	715	305	415	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	29,085	14,420	14,670	19.2	19.2	19.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	550	245	300	0.4	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	890	430	460	0.6	0.6	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	151,605	74,910	76,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	144,535	71,485	73,055	95.3	95.4	95.3
Official languages	107,795	53,165	54,630	71.1	71.0	71.2
English	107,560	53,040	54,520	70.9	70.8	71.1
French	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Non-official languages	36,740	18,320	18,425	24.2	24.5	24.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	36,735	18,315	18,420	24.2	24.4	24.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	525	260	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	520	255	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	450	225	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	820	385	430	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	800	380	425	0.5	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	675	360	315	0.4	0.5	0.4
Bikol	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	555	295	260	0.4	0.4	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	32,040	16,000	16,040	21.1	21.4	20.9
Albanian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	520	245	270	0.3	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	510	240	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	250	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	540	245	295	0.4	0.3	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	355	165	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
German	355	160	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dutch	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30,020	14,980	15,035	19.8	20.0	19.6
Indo-Aryan languages	29,730	14,840	14,890	19.6	19.8	19.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	545	270	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	28,720	14,345	14,380	18.9	19.1	18.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	285	145	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	285	140	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	205	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	875	480	390	0.6	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	705	400	305	0.5	0.5	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	40	40	0.0	0.1	0.1
Korean	1,000	475	525	0.7	0.6	0.7
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,070	535	540	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese languages	1,030	510	520	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hakka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	645	320	330	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	345	175	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,065	3,430	3,640	4.7	4.6	4.7
English and French	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	6,780	3,295	3,485	4.5	4.4	4.5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	151,605	74,910	76,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	126,310	62,425	63,885	83.3	83.3	83.3
English	11,345	5,815	5,530	7.5	7.8	7.2
French	655	275	380	0.4	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	10,485	5,030	5,455	6.9	6.7	7.1
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10,470	5,025	5,445	6.9	6.7	7.1
English and French	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,475	720	755	1.0	1.0	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	260	115	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	960	480	480	0.6	0.6	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	150,800	74,605	76,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	141,230	70,335	70,900	93.7	94.3	93.1
English	141,175	70,305	70,865	93.6	94.2	93.0
French	6,295	2,695	3,600	4.2	3.6	4.7
Non-official languages	63,530	31,285	32,245	42.1	41.9	42.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	63,490	31,270	32,220	42.1	41.9	42.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,175	630	540	0.8	0.8	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,140	615	530	0.8	0.8	0.7
Amharic	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,030	550	480	0.7	0.7	0.6
Aramaic languages	65	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,225	590	635	0.8	0.8	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	1,170	580	590	0.8	0.8	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,050	935	1,115	1.4	1.3	1.5
Bikol	45	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,835	820	1,015	1.2	1.1	1.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	330	180	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	220	110	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	60	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	53,975	26,775	27,205	35.8	35.9	35.7
Albanian	110	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,700	830	880	1.1	1.1	1.2
Baltic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,675	815	860	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	35	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	375	170	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	805	415	395	0.5	0.6	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	220	105	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	265	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5,585	2,590	3,000	3.7	3.5	3.9
Frisian	65	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
High German languages	3,725	1,775	1,955	2.5	2.4	2.6
German	3,665	1,730	1,935	2.4	2.3	2.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,795	775	1,020	1.2	1.0	1.3
Afrikaans	245	100	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dutch	1,145	505	640	0.8	0.7	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	335	140	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	330	160	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	43,440	21,900	21,540	28.8	29.4	28.3
Indo-Aryan languages	42,795	21,575	21,220	28.4	28.9	27.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	205	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	7,080	3,505	3,580	4.7	4.7	4.7
Kacchi	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	45	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	41,145	20,760	20,395	27.3	27.8	26.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	985	515	475	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	715	370	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	575	300	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	355	180	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,920	1,830	2,090	2.6	2.5	2.7
Catalan	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	445	255	190	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	355	185	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	395	145	250	0.3	0.2	0.3
Spanish	2,880	1,315	1,560	1.9	1.8	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	465	190	275	0.3	0.3	0.4
Korean	1,430	670	770	0.9	0.9	1.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	500	280	220	0.3	0.4	0.3
Akan (Twi)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	100	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	290	95	190	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	230	80	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,050	935	1,110	1.4	1.3	1.5
Chinese languages	2,000	905	1,100	1.3	1.2	1.4
Hakka	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,430	635	790	0.9	0.9	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	810	380	430	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	345	130	215	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lao	255	110	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Thai	125	25	100	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	170	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	150,800	74,605	76,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,855	3,285	3,565	4.5	4.4	4.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,535	3,155	3,380	4.3	4.2	4.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,225	1,480	1,745	2.1	2.0	2.3
Métis	3,275	1,655	1,625	2.2	2.2	2.1
Inuk (Inuit)	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	225	90	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	143,950	71,320	72,630	95.5	95.6	95.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	150,800	74,605	76,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,565	710	855	1.0	1.0	1.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	149,235	73,895	75,340	99.0	99.0	98.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	53,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	36,600	...	...	68.8	...	...
Renter	16,635	...	...	31.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	53,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	13,950	...	...	26.2	...	...
Not condominium	39,285	...	...	73.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	53,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	420	...	...	0.8	...	...
1 bedroom	6,470	...	...	12.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,105	...	...	30.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,135	...	...	20.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	19,105	...	...	35.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	53,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	16,900	...	...	31.7	...	...
5 rooms	7,470	...	...	14.0	...	...
6 rooms	6,070	...	...	11.4	...	...
7 rooms	5,385	...	...	10.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	17,410	...	...	32.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	53,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	50,640	...	...	95.1	...	...
More than one person per room	2,590	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	53,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	49,060	...	...	92.2	...	...
Not suitable	4,175	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	53,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,650	...	...	5.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,785	...	...	24.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	11,450	...	...	21.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	11,375	...	...	21.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,430	...	...	6.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,025	...	...	7.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,630	...	...	4.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,885	...	...	9.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	53,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	51,055	...	...	95.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,180	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	53,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,115	...	...	45.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,910	...	...	44.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	5,205	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	53,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,515	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,205	...	...	13.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,720	...	...	18.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,810	...	...	18.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,085	...	...	18.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,355	...	...	15.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,550	...	...	8.5	...	...
85 years and over	1,990	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	52,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	40,030	...	...	76.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,325	...	...	23.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	11,300	...	...	21.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	53,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	17,175	...	...	32.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	11,020	...	...	20.7	...	...
Not suitable only	3,365	...	...	6.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,320	...	...	2.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	605	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	655	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	165	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,065	...	...	67.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	51,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,130	...	...	10.0	...	...
Not in core need	46,205	...	...	90.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	35,895	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.1	...	...	65.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.0	...	...	19.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,530	...	...	1,530	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,696	...	...	1,696	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	850,000	...	...	850,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	873,000	...	...	873,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,575	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.6	...	...	8.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.4	...	...	33.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.7	...	...	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,190	...	...	1,190	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,324	...	...	1,324	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	150,800	74,605	76,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,605	845	760	1.1	1.1	1.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,585	830	755	1.1	1.1	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,085	550	535	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis single ancestry	485	270	220	0.3	0.4	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,465	2,490	2,980	3.6	3.3	3.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,240	2,365	2,870	3.5	3.2	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,105	1,345	1,755	2.1	1.8	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,105	1,010	1,100	1.4	1.4	1.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	230	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	230	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	143,730	71,270	72,460	95.3	95.5	95.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	150,800	74,605	76,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	130,580	64,470	66,110	86.6	86.4	86.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	30,490	15,765	14,725	20.2	21.1	19.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	100,085	48,705	51,385	66.4	65.3	67.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	20,225	10,140	10,085	13.4	13.6	13.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	150,800	74,605	76,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	102,105	50,895	51,210	67.7	68.2	67.2
Immigrants⁸¹	43,190	20,625	22,560	28.6	27.6	29.6
Before 1980	7,165	3,430	3,735	4.8	4.6	4.9
1980 to 1990	4,475	2,190	2,285	3.0	2.9	3.0
1991 to 2000	8,580	4,000	4,580	5.7	5.4	6.0
2001 to 2010	11,215	5,335	5,875	7.4	7.2	7.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	11,760	5,665	6,090	7.8	7.6	8.0
2011 to 2015	5,630	2,735	2,895	3.7	3.7	3.8
2016 to 2021	6,130	2,935	3,195	4.1	3.9	4.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,505	3,080	2,425	3.7	4.1	3.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	43,185	20,625	22,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,895	1,400	1,500	6.7	6.8	6.6
5 to 14 years	5,585	2,970	2,615	12.9	14.4	11.6
15 to 24 years	11,775	5,155	6,625	27.3	25.0	29.4
25 to 44 years	15,745	7,945	7,800	36.5	38.5	34.6
45 years and over	7,185	3,160	4,020	16.6	15.3	17.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	43,185	20,625	22,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,540	1,555	1,985	8.2	7.5	8.8
Brazil	205	115	95	0.5	0.6	0.4
Colombia	65	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
El Salvador	255	135	120	0.6	0.7	0.5
Guyana	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	105	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mexico	245	70	175	0.6	0.3	0.8
Peru	100	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
United States of America	1,395	625	775	3.2	3.0	3.4
Other places of birth in Americas	1,050	455	590	2.4	2.2	2.6
Europe	6,655	3,230	3,430	15.4	15.7	15.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	60	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Croatia	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	95	65	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Germany	820	405	420	1.9	2.0	1.9
Greece	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	125	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italy	155	85	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
Netherlands	890	430	460	2.1	2.1	2.0
Poland	355	150	205	0.8	0.7	0.9
Portugal	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	285	110	180	0.7	0.5	0.8
Russian Federation	265	135	125	0.6	0.7	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	310	135	170	0.7	0.7	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,315	1,130	1,185	5.4	5.5	5.3
Other places of birth in Europe	860	430	430	2.0	2.1	1.9
Africa	1,370	725	645	3.2	3.5	2.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	110	75	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Egypt	120	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Eritrea	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ethiopia	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigeria	100	55	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	325	145	180	0.8	0.7	0.8
Other places of birth in Africa	620	320	300	1.4	1.6	1.3
Asia	31,080	14,840	16,240	72.0	72.0	72.0
Afghanistan	100	55	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	325	185	145	0.8	0.9	0.6
Iraq	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanon	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	295	140	155	0.7	0.7	0.7
Turkey	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	840	370	475	1.9	1.8	2.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	125	50	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	845	385	465	2.0	1.9	2.1
Taiwan	185	85	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Philippines	1,730	760	975	4.0	3.7	4.3
Viet Nam	880	405	475	2.0	2.0	2.1
Bangladesh	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
India	23,835	11,465	12,365	55.2	55.6	54.8
Pakistan	565	315	245	1.3	1.5	1.1
Sri Lanka	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,115	500	620	2.6	2.4	2.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	540	280	265	1.3	1.4	1.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,130	2,930	3,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	325	170	150	5.3	5.8	4.7
Brazil	25	15	15	0.4	0.5	0.5
Colombia	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	20	15	0.6	0.7	0.5
Mexico	40	10	30	0.7	0.3	0.9
United States of America	120	85	35	2.0	2.9	1.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	80	50	35	1.3	1.7	1.1
Europe	340	155	185	5.5	5.3	5.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	25	10	10	0.4	0.3	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Italy	55	20	30	0.9	0.7	0.9
Russian Federation	60	20	35	1.0	0.7	1.1
Ukraine	20	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	40	45	1.3	1.4	1.4
Other places of birth in Europe	90	40	50	1.5	1.4	1.6
Africa	470	245	225	7.7	8.4	7.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	65	45	15	1.1	1.5	0.5
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	40	15	20	0.7	0.5	0.6
Eritrea	20	20	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Ethiopia	35	20	15	0.6	0.7	0.5
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	55	30	30	0.9	1.0	0.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	55	15	40	0.9	0.5	1.3
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	175	85	95	2.9	2.9	3.0
Asia	4,930	2,330	2,600	80.4	79.5	81.4
Afghanistan	35	15	15	0.6	0.5	0.5
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	40	60	1.6	1.4	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	3,595	1,715	1,880	58.6	58.5	58.8
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Iraq	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Jordan	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	125	55	75	2.0	1.9	2.3
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	140	70	75	2.3	2.4	2.3
Philippines	375	185	185	6.1	6.3	5.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	265	120	145	4.3	4.1	4.5
Turkey	30	20	10	0.5	0.7	0.3
United Arab Emirates	25	10	10	0.4	0.3	0.3
Viet Nam	50	35	20	0.8	1.2	0.6
Other places of birth in Asia	120	35	80	2.0	1.2	2.5
Oceania and other⁹³	65	30	40	1.1	1.0	1.3
Australia	40	20	25	0.7	0.7	0.8
Other places of birth⁹⁸	25	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.6
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	150,800	74,605	76,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	50,120	24,455	25,665	33.2	32.8	33.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	37,750	19,175	18,570	25.0	25.7	24.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	62,935	30,975	31,960	41.7	41.5	41.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	36,020	17,200	18,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	10,505	5,385	5,120	29.2	31.3	27.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,425	2,695	1,725	12.3	15.7	9.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	6,075	2,690	3,395	16.9	15.6	18.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	22,560	10,225	12,335	62.6	59.4	65.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,795	1,505	1,290	7.8	8.8	6.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	165	90	80	0.5	0.5	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	36,020	17,200	18,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	675	410	260	1.9	2.4	1.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,695	1,335	1,360	7.5	7.8	7.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	660	325	340	1.8	1.9	1.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,465	740	725	4.1	4.3	3.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	160	70	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	30,365	14,315	16,050	84.3	83.2	85.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	150,800	74,605	76,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	60,675	30,540	30,140	40.2	40.9	39.6
South Asian	45,505	23,115	22,395	30.2	31.0	29.4
Chinese	2,375	1,100	1,270	1.6	1.5	1.7
Black	2,080	1,150	935	1.4	1.5	1.2
Filipino	2,520	1,215	1,305	1.7	1.6	1.7
Arab	645	345	300	0.4	0.5	0.4
Latin American	1,515	750	770	1.0	1.0	1.0
Southeast Asian	2,090	995	1,100	1.4	1.3	1.4
West Asian	625	335	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	1,435	700	730	1.0	0.9	1.0
Japanese	530	250	280	0.4	0.3	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	260	110	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	1,090	475	615	0.7	0.6	0.8
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	90,120	44,065	46,055	59.8	59.1	60.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	150,800	74,605	76,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,950	7,530	7,420	9.9	10.1	9.7
English	25,205	12,200	13,005	16.7	16.4	17.1
Irish	14,360	6,665	7,700	9.5	8.9	10.1
Scottish	18,580	8,985	9,595	12.3	12.0	12.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,070	3,810	4,260	5.4	5.1	5.6
German	20,065	9,845	10,220	13.3	13.2	13.4
Chinese	2,740	1,270	1,465	1.8	1.7	1.9
Italian	3,110	1,590	1,510	2.1	2.1	2.0
Indian (India)	24,615	12,305	12,315	16.3	16.5	16.2
Ukrainian	6,465	3,010	3,450	4.3	4.0	4.5
Dutch	10,995	5,300	5,700	7.3	7.1	7.5
Polish	3,585	1,715	1,865	2.4	2.3	2.4
Québécois	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,075	1,935	2,135	2.7	2.6	2.8
Filipino	2,345	1,125	1,215	1.6	1.5	1.6
French Canadian	950	445	500	0.6	0.6	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,360	1,190	1,170	1.6	1.6	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,260	990	1,275	1.5	1.3	1.7
Métis	2,845	1,420	1,425	1.9	1.9	1.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,465	1,730	1,740	2.3	2.3	2.3
Russian	5,560	2,685	2,875	3.7	3.6	3.8
Norwegian	3,895	1,870	2,030	2.6	2.5	2.7
Welsh	2,530	1,170	1,360	1.7	1.6	1.8
Portuguese	455	240	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	2,125	950	1,175	1.4	1.3	1.5
Spanish	1,080	490	590	0.7	0.7	0.8
Swedish	2,735	1,380	1,360	1.8	1.8	1.8
Hungarian	1,625	815	810	1.1	1.1	1.1
Acadian	120	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	800	425	375	0.5	0.6	0.5
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	595	305	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	470	240	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	12,730	6,530	6,205	8.4	8.8	8.1
Vietnamese	1,495	725	765	1.0	1.0	1.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	315	150	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	500	255	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	220	115	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	985	505	475	0.7	0.7	0.6
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	490	295	195	0.3	0.4	0.3
Korean	1,305	620	685	0.9	0.8	0.9
Romanian	945	440	510	0.6	0.6	0.7
Lebanese	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	325	165	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	700	360	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Danish	1,240	600	640	0.8	0.8	0.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	580	275	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	9,655	4,935	4,720	6.4	6.6	6.2
Austrian	1,020	435	580	0.7	0.6	0.8
Belgian	400	235	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haitian	150	90	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	985	565	425	0.7	0.8	0.6
Mexican	600	270	335	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	3,310	1,655	1,660	2.2	2.2	2.2
Swiss	880	460	425	0.6	0.6	0.6
Finnish	800	370	435	0.5	0.5	0.6
Sri Lankan	75	40	40	0.0	0.1	0.1
Croatian	315	160	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	665	330	335	0.4	0.4	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	2,035	1,015	1,020	1.3	1.4	1.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	220	90	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	775	370	415	0.5	0.5	0.5
Muslim	115	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	195	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	455	205	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	785	435	350	0.5	0.6	0.5
Colombian	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	45	35	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	465	235	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	160	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	130	40	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	190	120	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	285	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	115	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	195	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	285	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	240	110	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iraqi	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	250	140	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
African Caribbean	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	175	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	345	155	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	385	210	180	0.3	0.3	0.2
Palestinian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	165	50	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peruvian	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	60	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	190	75	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	65	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	70	50	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
African American	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	155	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	65	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	210	65	145	0.1	0.1	0.2
Laotian	350	180	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	750	400	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ecuadorian	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	355	180	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jatt	1,325	675	645	0.9	0.9	0.8
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	160	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	80	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	40	35	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Goan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	475	245	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	150,800	74,605	76,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,000	475	525	0.7	0.6	0.7
Christian	56,900	26,400	30,500	37.7	35.4	40.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	23,180	10,990	12,180	15.4	14.7	16.0
Anabaptist	4,895	2,310	2,585	3.2	3.1	3.4
Anglican	2,550	1,040	1,515	1.7	1.4	2.0
Baptist	1,660	750	910	1.1	1.0	1.2
Catholic	10,400	4,930	5,470	6.9	6.6	7.2
Christian Orthodox	765	365	405	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	705	285	420	0.5	0.4	0.6
Latter Day Saints	460	195	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lutheran	1,080	430	650	0.7	0.6	0.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	280	105	170	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,010	1,010	1,000	1.3	1.4	1.3
Presbyterian	760	390	365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reformed	1,615	805	810	1.1	1.1	1.1
United Church	2,445	970	1,480	1.6	1.3	1.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,100	1,820	2,280	2.7	2.4	3.0
Hindu	3,620	1,845	1,770	2.4	2.5	2.3
Jewish	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	2,125	1,140	985	1.4	1.5	1.3
Sikh	38,395	19,370	19,025	25.5	26.0	25.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	75	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,060	435	625	0.7	0.6	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	47,550	24,865	22,685	31.5	33.3	29.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	149,225	73,890	75,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	127,340	62,840	64,500	85.3	85.0	85.6
Movers	21,885	11,050	10,835	14.7	15.0	14.4
Non-migrants	13,250	6,745	6,510	8.9	9.1	8.6
Migrants	8,640	4,310	4,330	5.8	5.8	5.7
Internal migrants	7,285	3,585	3,705	4.9	4.9	4.9
Intraprovincial migrants	5,920	2,935	2,985	4.0	4.0	4.0
Interprovincial migrants	1,370	650	720	0.9	0.9	1.0
External migrants	1,345	720	620	0.9	1.0	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	142,665	70,570	72,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	77,600	38,325	39,275	54.4	54.3	54.5
Movers	65,065	32,250	32,815	45.6	45.7	45.5
Non-migrants	32,875	16,180	16,695	23.0	22.9	23.2
Migrants	32,190	16,070	16,120	22.6	22.8	22.4
Internal migrants	23,820	11,705	12,115	16.7	16.6	16.8
Intraprovincial migrants	19,350	9,425	9,920	13.6	13.4	13.8
Interprovincial migrants	4,465	2,280	2,185	3.1	3.2	3.0
External migrants	8,370	4,360	4,005	5.9	6.2	5.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	124,150	60,850	63,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	26,320	13,520	12,800	21.2	22.2	20.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	97,830	47,330	50,500	78.8	77.8	79.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	78,175	38,510	39,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,470	6,440	5,035	14.7	16.7	12.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	66,705	32,070	34,630	85.3	83.3	87.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	124,145	60,850	63,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	24,100	12,175	11,920	19.4	20.0	18.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	43,420	22,110	21,310	35.0	36.3	33.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	56,635	26,560	30,065	45.6	43.6	47.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	32,935	16,035	16,895	26.5	26.4	26.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,050	6,810	2,240	7.3	11.2	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,835	2,250	1,590	3.1	3.7	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,215	4,560	655	4.2	7.5	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,710	6,810	10,900	14.3	11.2	17.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,170	2,410	3,755	5.0	4.0	5.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,700	10,530	13,170	19.1	17.3	20.8
Bachelor's degree	15,610	6,785	8,825	12.6	11.2	13.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,940	690	1,250	1.6	1.1	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	615	380	230	0.5	0.6	0.4
Master's degree	4,990	2,315	2,675	4.0	3.8	4.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	545	355	190	0.4	0.6	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	78,170	38,510	39,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,180	5,645	4,530	13.0	14.7	11.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	26,075	13,645	12,430	33.4	35.4	31.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,920	19,215	22,705	53.6	49.9	57.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,055	11,175	11,880	29.5	29.0	30.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,245	4,735	1,510	8.0	12.3	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,620	1,545	1,075	3.4	4.0	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,630	3,190	435	4.6	8.3	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,535	4,755	7,785	16.0	12.3	19.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,275	1,685	2,585	5.5	4.4	6.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,865	8,040	10,820	24.1	20.9	27.3
Bachelor's degree	12,450	5,325	7,130	15.9	13.8	18.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,470	495	975	1.9	1.3	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	475	285	195	0.6	0.7	0.5
Master's degree	4,075	1,720	2,360	5.2	4.5	6.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	390	230	160	0.5	0.6	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	124,150	60,850	63,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	67,520	34,285	33,235	54.4	56.3	52.5
Education	4,500	1,065	3,435	3.6	1.8	5.4
13. Education	4,500	1,065	3,435	3.6	1.8	5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,670	690	980	1.3	1.1	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	170	125	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,505	560	945	1.2	0.9	1.5
Humanities	5,505	2,335	3,170	4.4	3.8	5.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	370	75	295	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	705	190	520	0.6	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,550	1,040	1,515	2.1	1.7	2.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	285	165	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,030	605	425	0.8	1.0	0.7
54. History	450	230	215	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	0	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,495	1,840	3,655	4.4	3.0	5.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	390	170	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,080	115	965	0.9	0.2	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	760	230	530	0.6	0.4	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	130	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	920	245	680	0.7	0.4	1.1
45. Social sciences	2,160	1,040	1,125	1.7	1.7	1.8
Business, management and public administration	10,550	4,360	6,190	8.5	7.2	9.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	885	195	695	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,650	4,165	5,485	7.8	6.8	8.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,930	850	1,085	1.6	1.4	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	770	295	475	0.6	0.5	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	695	310	390	0.6	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	335	225	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	10	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,150	1,260	890	1.7	2.1	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,740	1,130	615	1.4	1.9	1.0
25. Library science	205	10	190	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	195	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,635	9,915	725	8.6	16.3	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	205	165	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	1,700	1,490	210	1.4	2.4	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,815	1,610	200	1.5	2.6	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,040	2,940	95	2.4	4.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,510	2,410	100	2.0	4.0	0.2
48. Precision production	1,365	1,300	65	1.1	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,340	795	545	1.1	1.3	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,100	625	475	0.9	1.0	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	235	170	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	9,465	1,825	7,635	7.6	3.0	12.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	685	365	320	0.6	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,630	1,355	7,275	7.0	2.2	11.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	95	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,380	1,625	1,760	2.7	2.7	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,860	440	1,425	1.5	0.7	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	740	480	260	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	750	675	75	0.6	1.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	78,170	38,510	39,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,255	19,295	16,960	46.4	50.1	42.8
Education	3,095	655	2,440	4.0	1.7	6.2
13. Education	3,095	655	2,440	4.0	1.7	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,240	490	745	1.6	1.3	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	65	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,145	430	720	1.5	1.1	1.8
Humanities	4,050	1,620	2,435	5.2	4.2	6.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	320	55	260	0.4	0.1	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	535	130	400	0.7	0.3	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,995	795	1,195	2.6	2.1	3.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	195	125	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	555	315	240	0.7	0.8	0.6
54. History	380	185	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,225	1,330	2,895	5.4	3.5	7.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	310	125	180	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	855	85	770	1.1	0.2	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	585	200	390	0.7	0.5	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	95	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	680	175	500	0.9	0.5	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,655	715	935	2.1	1.9	2.4
Business, management and public administration	8,050	3,265	4,780	10.3	8.5	12.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	665	115	555	0.9	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,375	3,150	4,225	9.4	8.2	10.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,440	630	805	1.8	1.6	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	600	215	380	0.8	0.6	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	515	255	265	0.7	0.7	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	245	150	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,720	1,040	680	2.2	2.7	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,450	950	500	1.9	2.5	1.3
25. Library science	130	10	125	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,530	6,990	545	9.6	18.2	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	165	120	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	1,320	1,145	175	1.7	3.0	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,235	1,110	130	1.6	2.9	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,115	2,055	60	2.7	5.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,745	1,655	90	2.2	4.3	0.2
48. Precision production	950	905	40	1.2	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	995	595	400	1.3	1.5	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	815	470	345	1.0	1.2	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	175	130	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	7,070	1,410	5,660	9.0	3.7	14.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	525	305	225	0.7	0.8	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,450	1,040	5,415	8.3	2.7	13.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85	65	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,500	1,175	1,315	3.2	3.1	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,385	335	1,050	1.8	0.9	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	605	385	220	0.8	1.0	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	495	450	50	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	78,170	38,510	39,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,255	19,295	16,960	46.4	50.1	42.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	41,920	19,215	22,700	53.6	49.9	57.2
Location of study inside Canada	31,570	14,430	17,150	40.4	37.5	43.2
Same as province or territory of residence	26,820	12,075	14,740	34.3	31.4	37.2
Different than province or territory of residence	4,750	2,345	2,405	6.1	6.1	6.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	10,345	4,790	5,555	13.2	12.4	14.0
Americas	1,540	740	800	2.0	1.9	2.0
United States of America	1,170	580	585	1.5	1.5	1.5
Mexico	140	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	120	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Europe	1,260	625	635	1.6	1.6	1.6
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germany	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	80	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romania	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian Federation	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	80	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	535	315	225	0.7	0.8	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Africa	330	165	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	145	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	6,980	3,120	3,860	8.9	8.1	9.7
Iran⁸⁸	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	215	90	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	400	155	240	0.5	0.4	0.6
Philippines	775	340	435	1.0	0.9	1.1
Viet Nam	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	5,020	2,280	2,735	6.4	5.9	6.9
Pakistan	160	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	130	30	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	235	135	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Australia	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	124,145	60,850	63,300	...	...	...
In the labour force	81,080	42,775	38,305	...	...	...
Employed	74,765	39,840	34,930	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,310	2,935	3,375	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	43,070	18,075	24,990	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.3	70.3	60.5	65.3	70.3	60.5
Employment rate	60.2	65.5	55.2	60.2	65.5	55.2
Unemployment rate	7.8	6.9	8.8	7.8	6.9	8.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	124,150	60,850	63,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	45,300	19,525	25,780	36.5	32.1	40.7
Worked	78,845	41,320	37,525	63.5	67.9	59.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	40,800	24,365	16,430	32.9	40.0	26.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	38,050	16,955	21,095	30.6	27.9	33.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	42.7	39.5	41.2	42.7	39.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	81,080	42,775	38,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,665	820	850	2.1	1.9	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	79,410	41,955	37,455	97.9	98.1	97.8
Employee	65,605	32,730	32,880	80.9	76.5	85.8
Permanent position	55,700	28,675	27,025	68.7	67.0	70.6
Temporary position	9,910	4,055	5,855	12.2	9.5	15.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,990	1,310	1,680	3.7	3.1	4.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,915	2,745	4,175	8.5	6.4	10.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	13,805	9,225	4,575	17.0	21.6	11.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	81,080	42,775	38,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,665	820	850	2.1	1.9	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	79,410	41,955	37,455	97.9	98.1	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	615	460	150	0.8	1.1	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,270	3,225	8,045	13.9	7.5	21.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,185	2,500	680	3.9	5.8	1.8
3 Health occupations	5,840	1,150	4,685	7.2	2.7	12.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,085	3,035	6,050	11.2	7.1	15.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,720	770	950	2.1	1.8	2.5
6 Sales and service occupations	19,565	8,050	11,515	24.1	18.8	30.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	18,570	17,185	1,385	22.9	40.2	3.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,610	2,565	2,040	5.7	6.0	5.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,950	3,010	1,945	6.1	7.0	5.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	81,080	42,775	38,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,665	820	850	2.1	1.9	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	79,410	41,955	37,455	97.9	98.1	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,115	2,650	2,465	6.3	6.2	6.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	180	145	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	190	140	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
23 Construction	8,485	7,245	1,235	10.5	16.9	3.2
31-33 Manufacturing	7,405	5,045	2,360	9.1	11.8	6.2
41 Wholesale trade	2,805	1,915	895	3.5	4.5	2.3
44-45 Retail trade	9,230	4,105	5,125	11.4	9.6	13.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	7,075	5,915	1,165	8.7	13.8	3.0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,100	675	425	1.4	1.6	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	2,270	915	1,350	2.8	2.1	3.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,245	740	505	1.5	1.7	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,690	1,830	1,865	4.6	4.3	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,290	1,805	1,490	4.1	4.2	3.9
61 Educational services	5,205	1,560	3,640	6.4	3.6	9.5
62 Health care and social assistance	9,165	1,665	7,505	11.3	3.9	19.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,045	400	645	1.3	0.9	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	4,875	1,670	3,205	6.0	3.9	8.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,795	1,800	1,995	4.7	4.2	5.2
91 Public administration	3,155	1,690	1,460	3.9	4.0	3.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	86,710	45,265	41,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	74,775	38,705	36,070	86.2	85.5	87.0
French	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	3,530	1,895	1,635	4.1	4.2	3.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,530	1,895	1,635	4.1	4.2	3.9
English and French	395	125	270	0.5	0.3	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	7,895	4,505	3,400	9.1	10.0	8.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	86,710	45,265	41,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	84,745	44,160	40,585	97.7	97.6	97.9
Official languages	79,295	41,065	38,230	91.4	90.7	92.3
English	79,190	41,045	38,145	91.3	90.7	92.0
French	100	20	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official languages	5,455	3,090	2,355	6.3	6.8	5.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,455	3,090	2,355	6.3	6.8	5.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,975	2,860	2,115	5.7	6.3	5.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	4,780	2,710	2,075	5.5	6.0	5.0
Indo-Aryan languages	4,765	2,705	2,060	5.5	6.0	5.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,750	2,690	2,060	5.5	5.9	5.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	175	135	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	165	135	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,965	1,110	855	2.3	2.5	2.1
English and French	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,925	1,105	815	2.2	2.4	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	86,710	45,265	41,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	80,215	41,665	38,550	92.5	92.0	93.0
English	1,895	1,155	740	2.2	2.6	1.8
French	315	120	195	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-official language	3,880	2,090	1,790	4.5	4.6	4.3
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,865	2,090	1,785	4.5	4.6	4.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	340	205	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	74,770	39,840	34,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,310	4,770	5,535	13.8	12.0	15.8
Worked outside Canada	265	210	60	0.4	0.5	0.2
No fixed workplace address	14,800	10,960	3,835	19.8	27.5	11.0
Usual place of work	49,390	23,895	25,495	66.1	60.0	73.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	49,390	23,895	25,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	31,680	13,575	18,105	64.1	56.8	71.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,180	1,970	2,210	8.5	8.2	8.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	13,400	8,270	5,130	27.1	34.6	20.1
Commute to a different province or territory	125	80	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	64,190	34,860	29,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	58,835	32,435	26,400	91.7	93.0	90.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	53,590	30,010	23,580	83.5	86.1	80.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	5,245	2,425	2,820	8.2	7.0	9.6
Public transit	1,540	565	975	2.4	1.6	3.3
Walked	2,335	970	1,360	3.6	2.8	4.6
Bicycle	300	245	60	0.5	0.7	0.2
Other method	1,185	640	545	1.8	1.8	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	64,190	34,860	29,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	23,155	10,280	12,875	36.1	29.5	43.9
15 to 29 minutes	20,400	10,565	9,835	31.8	30.3	33.5
30 to 44 minutes	10,445	6,550	3,900	16.3	18.8	13.3
45 to 59 minutes	4,820	3,275	1,545	7.5	9.4	5.3
60 minutes and over	5,375	4,190	1,185	8.4	12.0	4.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	64,190	34,860	29,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	6,215	4,500	1,715	9.7	12.9	5.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	11,635	7,640	4,000	18.1	21.9	13.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,635	7,635	7,000	22.8	21.9	23.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,155	5,385	6,775	18.9	15.4	23.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	8,805	3,865	4,935	13.7	11.1	16.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10,740	5,835	4,905	16.7	16.7	16.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	32,865	16,945	15,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,515	750	765	4.6	4.4	4.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	31,350	16,200	15,155	95.4	95.6	95.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	24,245	12,550	11,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,205	590	615	5.0	4.7	5.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	645	300	350	2.7	2.4	3.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	560	295	270	2.3	2.4	2.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,035	11,960	11,075	95.0	95.3	94.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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