Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Nelson, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision] Remove						British ColumbiaMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Rates			Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	11,106	...	...	...	...	...	5,000,879	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	10,572	...	...	...	...	...	4,648,055	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...	7.6	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	5,314	...	...	...	...	...	2,211,694	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	4,948	...	...	...	...	...	2,041,834	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	930.6	...	...	930.6	...	...	5.4	...	...	5.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	11.93	...	...	...	...	...	920,686.55	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	11,105	5,345	5,760	100.0	100.0	100.0	5,000,880	2,457,515	2,543,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	1,545	785	765	13.9	14.7	13.3	716,900	369,250	347,650	14.3	15.0	13.7
0 to 4 years	435	210	220	3.9	3.9	3.8	216,825	111,015	105,805	4.3	4.5	4.2
5 to 9 years	510	275	235	4.6	5.1	4.1	244,290	125,810	118,485	4.9	5.1	4.7
10 to 14 years	605	295	310	5.4	5.5	5.4	255,790	132,425	123,365	5.1	5.4	4.9
15 to 64 years	7,275	3,580	3,700	65.5	67.0	64.2	3,267,620	1,614,625	1,652,995	65.3	65.7	65.0
15 to 19 years	555	285	270	5.0	5.3	4.7	253,690	131,245	122,445	5.1	5.3	4.8
20 to 24 years	525	275	255	4.7	5.1	4.4	294,650	151,505	143,145	5.9	6.2	5.6
25 to 29 years	830	405	420	7.5	7.6	7.3	337,090	170,500	166,585	6.7	6.9	6.5
30 to 34 years	915	445	470	8.2	8.3	8.2	358,585	178,925	179,660	7.2	7.3	7.1
35 to 39 years	800	415	390	7.2	7.8	6.8	353,350	175,175	178,175	7.1	7.1	7.0
40 to 44 years	835	410	425	7.5	7.7	7.4	319,740	156,480	163,260	6.4	6.4	6.4
45 to 49 years	835	390	440	7.5	7.3	7.6	310,035	149,520	160,515	6.2	6.1	6.3
50 to 54 years	655	325	330	5.9	6.1	5.7	329,005	158,540	170,460	6.6	6.5	6.7
55 to 59 years	650	300	350	5.9	5.6	6.1	356,345	172,520	183,825	7.1	7.0	7.2
60 to 64 years	680	320	350	6.1	6.0	6.1	355,130	170,210	184,920	7.1	6.9	7.3
65 years and over	2,285	980	1,300	20.6	18.3	22.6	1,016,365	473,640	542,720	20.3	19.3	21.3
65 to 69 years	680	315	365	6.1	5.9	6.3	319,405	152,705	166,700	6.4	6.2	6.6
70 to 74 years	620	290	330	5.6	5.4	5.7	272,365	130,370	141,995	5.4	5.3	5.6
75 to 79 years	375	170	205	3.4	3.2	3.6	181,075	86,060	95,015	3.6	3.5	3.7
80 to 84 years	280	80	200	2.5	1.5	3.5	121,055	55,285	65,780	2.4	2.2	2.6
85 years and over	335	130	205	3.0	2.4	3.6	122,465	49,225	73,235	2.4	2.0	2.9
85 to 89 years	200	90	105	1.8	1.7	1.8	74,315	32,315	42,005	1.5	1.3	1.7
90 to 94 years	100	25	70	0.9	0.5	1.2	36,840	13,715	23,120	0.7	0.6	0.9
95 to 99 years	30	5	20	0.3	0.1	0.3	9,790	2,865	6,925	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,515	330	1,185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.9	14.7	13.3	13.9	14.7	13.3	14.3	15.0	13.7	14.3	15.0	13.7
15 to 64 years	65.5	67.0	64.2	65.5	67.0	64.2	65.3	65.7	65.0	65.3	65.7	65.0
65 years and over	20.6	18.3	22.6	20.6	18.3	22.6	20.3	19.3	21.3	20.3	19.3	21.3
85 years and over	3.0	2.4	3.6	3.0	2.4	3.6	2.4	2.0	2.9	2.4	2.0	2.9
Average age of the population	43.0	41.6	44.3	43.0	41.6	44.3	43.1	42.2	43.9	43.1	42.2	43.9
Median age of the population	42.4	40.8	43.6	42.4	40.8	43.6	42.8	41.6	44.0	42.8	41.6	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	4,945	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	2,500	...	...	50.6	...	...	866,340	...	...	42.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	275	...	...	5.6	...	...	62,890	...	...	3.1	...	...
Row house	250	...	...	5.1	...	...	168,590	...	...	8.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	710	...	...	14.4	...	...	249,835	...	...	12.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	990	...	...	20.0	...	...	417,475	...	...	20.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	221,845	...	...	10.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...	2.3	...	...	3,760	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	110	...	...	2.2	...	...	51,100	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	4,950	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,740	...	...	35.2	...	...	600,705	...	...	29.4	...	...
2 persons	1,715	...	...	34.6	...	...	719,865	...	...	35.3	...	...
3 persons	725	...	...	14.6	...	...	296,200	...	...	14.5	...	...
4 persons	545	...	...	11.0	...	...	256,700	...	...	12.6	...	...
5 or more persons	220	...	...	4.4	...	...	168,355	...	...	8.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	10,725	5,180	5,545	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,800	2,499,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	9,560	4,560	5,000	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,283,980	2,088,265	2,195,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	4,795	2,375	2,415	50.2	52.1	48.3	2,464,130	1,229,850	1,234,280	57.5	58.9	56.2
Married	3,320	1,640	1,675	34.7	36.0	33.5	2,036,165	1,015,165	1,021,000	47.5	48.6	46.5
Living common-law	1,475	735	735	15.4	16.1	14.7	427,970	214,680	213,285	10.0	10.3	9.7
Living common law - Never married	1,170	590	585	12.2	12.9	11.7	313,560	158,045	155,515	7.3	7.6	7.1
Living common law - Separated	35	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5	17,220	8,940	8,285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	235	120	115	2.5	2.6	2.3	87,370	43,700	43,670	2.0	2.1	2.0
Living common law - Widowed	25	5	15	0.3	0.1	0.3	9,815	3,995	5,820	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	4,770	2,185	2,585	49.9	47.9	51.7	1,819,845	858,415	961,435	42.5	41.1	43.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,105	1,665	1,445	32.5	36.5	28.9	1,202,625	653,345	549,280	28.1	31.3	25.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	280	105	180	2.9	2.3	3.6	110,710	47,290	63,420	2.6	2.3	2.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	835	295	535	8.7	6.5	10.7	283,035	109,615	173,420	6.6	5.2	7.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	545	115	425	5.7	2.5	8.5	223,475	48,165	175,310	5.2	2.3	8.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	2,870	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,399,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	1,680	...	...	58.5	...	...	763,875	...	...	54.6	...	...
3 persons	600	...	...	20.9	...	...	290,335	...	...	20.7	...	...
4 persons	470	...	...	16.4	...	...	255,295	...	...	18.2	...	...
5 or more persons	120	...	...	4.2	...	...	89,900	...	...	6.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	2,865	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,399,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	2,315	...	...	80.8	...	...	1,190,930	...	...	85.1	...	...
Married couples	1,575	...	...	55.0	...	...	977,010	...	...	69.8	...	...
With children⁶	765	...	...	26.7	...	...	496,240	...	...	35.5	...	...
Without children	805	...	...	28.1	...	...	480,770	...	...	34.4	...	...
Common-law couples	735	...	...	25.7	...	...	213,925	...	...	15.3	...	...
With children⁶	225	...	...	7.9	...	...	64,570	...	...	4.6	...	...
Without children	515	...	...	18.0	...	...	149,355	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	555	...	...	19.4	...	...	208,475	...	...	14.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	425	...	...	14.8	...	...	161,820	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	130	...	...	4.5	...	...	46,655	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	10,725	5,180	5,545	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,800	2,499,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	7,655	3,735	3,920	71.4	72.1	70.7	3,897,915	1,933,790	1,964,120	79.3	80.0	78.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	4,625	2,300	2,325	43.1	44.4	41.9	2,381,865	1,191,345	1,190,515	48.5	49.3	47.6
Parents in one-parent families	555	130	425	5.2	2.5	7.7	208,475	46,660	161,820	4.2	1.9	6.5
Children⁶	2,475	1,300	1,175	23.1	25.1	21.2	1,307,575	695,790	611,785	26.6	28.8	24.5
In a two-parent family	1,670	880	790	15.6	17.0	14.2	1,001,235	529,410	471,830	20.4	21.9	18.9
In a one-parent family	805	420	385	7.5	8.1	6.9	306,340	166,380	139,960	6.2	6.9	5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,070	1,450	1,620	28.6	28.0	29.2	1,018,030	483,010	535,015	20.7	20.0	21.4
Living alone	1,740	770	970	16.2	14.9	17.5	600,705	273,740	326,960	12.2	11.3	13.1
Living with other relatives⁷	175	80	100	1.6	1.5	1.8	139,900	56,735	83,160	2.8	2.3	3.3
Living with non-relatives only	1,150	595	555	10.7	11.5	10.0	277,425	152,535	124,890	5.6	6.3	5.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	4,950	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,510	...	...	50.7	...	...	1,157,520	...	...	56.7	...	...
Couple-family households	2,035	...	...	41.1	...	...	1,002,775	...	...	49.1	...	...
With children⁶	890	...	...	18.0	...	...	463,945	...	...	22.7	...	...
Without children	1,140	...	...	23.0	...	...	538,825	...	...	26.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	470	...	...	9.5	...	...	154,745	...	...	7.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	45	...	...	0.9	...	...	75,700	...	...	3.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	35	...	...	0.7	...	...	20,325	...	...	1.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	225	...	...	4.5	...	...	79,015	...	...	3.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	400	...	...	8.1	...	...	108,570	...	...	5.3	...	...
One-person households	1,745	...	...	35.3	...	...	600,705	...	...	29.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	9,185	4,400	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,980	4,300	4,675	97.8	97.7	97.8	4,076,345	1,987,855	2,088,490	97.0	97.0	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,200	36,000	39,200	43,200	36,000	40,800	47,200	36,000	40,800	47,200	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,985	4,300	4,680	97.8	97.7	97.9	4,078,810	1,989,180	2,089,630	97.1	97.1	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	39,200	33,600	36,000	39,200	33,600	37,200	42,400	33,600	37,200	42,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,275	3,970	4,310	90.1	90.2	90.2	3,655,710	1,808,310	1,847,405	87.0	88.3	85.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,000	37,600	26,000	31,000	37,600	26,000	35,200	43,600	28,400	35,200	43,600	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,590	3,275	3,315	71.7	74.4	69.4	2,886,365	1,471,335	1,415,030	68.7	71.8	65.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,000	36,000	27,200	31,000	36,000	27,200	38,000	46,000	31,200	38,000	46,000	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,710	3,510	4,195	83.9	79.8	87.8	3,377,800	1,555,875	1,821,925	80.4	76.0	84.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	10,000	11,000	10,500	10,000	11,000	10,000	9,100	10,600	10,000	9,100	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,080	560	520	11.8	12.7	10.9	370,345	168,520	201,825	8.8	8.2	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,760	5,520	5,720	5,760	5,520	5,480	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,480	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,785	1,310	1,475	30.3	29.8	30.9	1,106,935	526,910	580,025	26.4	25.7	27.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	9,185	4,405	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,980	4,310	4,665	97.8	97.8	97.6	4,075,270	1,987,400	2,087,875	97.0	97.0	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,360	55,150	44,000	49,360	55,150	44,000	54,450	63,500	45,800	54,450	63,500	45,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,980	4,310	4,665	97.8	97.8	97.6	4,077,810	1,988,785	2,089,025	97.1	97.1	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,360	46,640	38,360	42,360	46,640	38,360	45,600	51,900	39,600	45,600	51,900	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,275	3,950	4,325	90.1	89.7	90.5	3,654,285	1,807,745	1,846,535	87.0	88.3	85.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,960	50,720	35,880	42,960	50,720	35,880	50,520	60,800	40,440	50,520	60,800	40,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,590	3,235	3,355	71.7	73.4	70.2	2,886,325	1,472,690	1,413,635	68.7	71.9	65.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,760	48,040	35,760	41,760	48,040	35,760	50,520	59,800	40,840	50,520	59,800	40,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,680	3,535	4,150	83.6	80.2	86.8	3,374,170	1,553,970	1,820,205	80.3	75.9	84.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,410	10,570	12,120	11,410	10,570	12,120	11,030	10,490	11,490	11,030	10,490	11,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,080	580	500	11.8	13.2	10.5	368,410	167,495	200,910	8.8	8.2	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,520	6,100	7,000	6,520	6,100	7,000	6,540	6,030	6,970	6,540	6,030	6,970
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,875	1,330	1,550	31.3	30.2	32.4	1,102,145	524,940	577,205	26.2	25.6	26.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,740	8,910	8,590	8,740	8,910	8,590	9,110	8,940	9,260	9,110	8,940	9,260
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	9,185	4,400	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,420	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,425	1,330	1,095	26.4	30.2	22.9	1,301,410	737,105	564,300	31.0	36.0	26.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	65,500	57,600	60,800	65,500	57,600	65,000	71,500	57,600	65,000	71,500	57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,800	74,400	59,900	67,800	74,400	59,900	77,700	86,600	66,000	77,700	86,600	66,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,475	1,570	1,905	37.8	35.7	39.9	1,195,830	547,835	647,995	28.5	26.7	30.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	21,200	17,600	19,200	21,200	17,600	19,400	22,400	17,400	19,400	22,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,160	30,840	25,960	28,160	30,840	25,960	30,560	36,160	25,840	30,560	36,160	25,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.2	84.2	75.6	80.2	84.2	75.6	83.2	87.0	78.2	83.2	87.0	78.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.1	65.4	58.4	62.1	65.4	58.4	65.8	69.8	60.4	65.8	69.8	60.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.8	15.7	24.5	19.8	15.7	24.5	16.8	12.9	21.9	16.8	12.9	21.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.1	0.8	1.5	1.1	0.8	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.9	5.9	8.1	6.9	5.9	8.1	5.6	4.5	7.1	5.6	4.5	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.7	5.0	6.5	5.7	5.0	6.5	4.5	3.7	5.6	4.5	3.7	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	9,185	4,405	4,785	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	205	100	105	2.2	2.3	2.2	124,155	60,445	63,710	3.0	3.0	3.0
With total income	8,975	4,300	4,680	97.7	97.6	97.8	4,076,350	1,987,855	2,088,490	97.0	97.0	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	630	300	330	7.0	7.0	7.1	385,230	166,325	218,900	9.5	8.4	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	1,000	415	580	11.1	9.7	12.4	474,245	197,530	276,715	11.6	9.9	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	1,630	670	960	18.2	15.6	20.5	627,895	264,860	363,035	15.4	13.3	17.4
$30,000 to $39,999	1,330	600	735	14.8	14.0	15.7	515,780	222,825	292,955	12.7	11.2	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	1,005	450	560	11.2	10.5	12.0	442,130	198,985	243,150	10.8	10.0	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	890	445	450	9.9	10.3	9.6	363,335	172,380	190,950	8.9	8.7	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	640	335	300	7.1	7.8	6.4	284,130	149,100	135,030	7.0	7.5	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	485	250	235	5.4	5.8	5.0	221,755	125,565	96,190	5.4	6.3	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	330	195	130	3.7	4.5	2.8	172,110	101,195	70,915	4.2	5.1	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	300	160	140	3.3	3.7	3.0	136,185	81,180	55,005	3.3	4.1	2.6
$100,000 and over	735	480	255	8.2	11.2	5.4	453,550	307,905	145,645	11.1	15.5	7.0
$100,000 to $149,999	525	325	195	5.8	7.6	4.2	297,440	194,595	102,850	7.3	9.8	4.9
$150,000 and over	215	155	60	2.4	3.6	1.3	156,105	113,310	42,800	3.8	5.7	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	9,185	4,405	4,785	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	205	100	100	2.2	2.3	2.1	121,690	59,120	62,575	2.9	2.9	2.9
With after-tax income	8,980	4,300	4,680	97.8	97.6	97.8	4,078,810	1,989,185	2,089,630	97.1	97.1	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	655	315	345	7.3	7.3	7.4	402,375	172,800	229,575	9.9	8.7	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	1,035	425	615	11.5	9.9	13.1	490,875	204,625	286,255	12.0	10.3	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	1,875	795	1,080	20.9	18.5	23.1	705,795	299,550	406,245	17.3	15.1	19.4
$30,000 to $39,999	1,480	670	810	16.5	15.6	17.3	593,485	261,620	331,865	14.6	13.2	15.9
$40,000 to $49,999	1,150	550	600	12.8	12.8	12.8	502,775	233,645	269,135	12.3	11.7	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	895	455	440	10.0	10.6	9.4	387,850	198,895	188,955	9.5	10.0	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	620	335	290	6.9	7.8	6.2	283,825	160,510	123,315	7.0	8.1	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	415	230	185	4.6	5.3	4.0	207,535	122,690	84,840	5.1	6.2	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	315	180	135	3.5	4.2	2.9	150,155	91,640	58,515	3.7	4.6	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	190	115	80	2.1	2.7	1.7	99,015	63,800	35,220	2.4	3.2	1.7
$100,000 and over	355	250	105	4.0	5.8	2.2	255,125	179,415	75,715	6.3	9.0	3.6
$100,000 to $124,999	175	125	50	1.9	2.9	1.1	127,025	86,835	40,195	3.1	4.4	1.9
$125,000 and over	175	125	55	1.9	2.9	1.2	128,100	92,585	35,515	3.1	4.7	1.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	9,185	4,405	4,785	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	2,595	1,130	1,465	28.3	25.7	30.6	1,314,135	576,965	737,165	31.3	28.2	34.3
With employment income	6,590	3,275	3,315	71.7	74.3	69.3	2,886,365	1,471,335	1,415,035	68.7	71.8	65.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	920	420	500	14.0	12.8	15.1	397,640	182,895	214,745	13.8	12.4	15.2
$5,000 to $9,999	580	250	330	8.8	7.6	10.0	234,130	99,970	134,165	8.1	6.8	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	960	445	515	14.6	13.6	15.5	339,265	147,650	191,615	11.8	10.0	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	760	335	425	11.5	10.2	12.8	266,065	118,485	147,580	9.2	8.1	10.4
$30,000 to $39,999	625	285	335	9.5	8.7	10.1	257,235	116,285	140,950	8.9	7.9	10.0
$40,000 to $49,999	530	260	265	8.0	7.9	8.0	247,550	116,085	131,470	8.6	7.9	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	525	270	250	8.0	8.2	7.5	230,030	112,805	117,220	8.0	7.7	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	410	210	205	6.2	6.4	6.2	190,470	105,215	85,260	6.6	7.2	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	330	180	150	5.0	5.5	4.5	154,990	91,615	63,375	5.4	6.2	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	260	145	110	3.9	4.4	3.3	128,265	77,550	50,715	4.4	5.3	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	205	115	90	3.1	3.5	2.7	105,855	64,420	41,430	3.7	4.4	2.9
$100,000 and over	490	345	145	7.4	10.5	4.4	334,875	238,370	96,505	11.6	16.2	6.8
$100,000 to $124,999	260	175	85	3.9	5.3	2.6	154,515	102,955	51,560	5.4	7.0	3.6
$125,000 and over	230	170	60	3.5	5.2	1.8	180,360	135,420	44,940	6.2	9.2	3.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	9,185	4,400	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,725	4,145	4,585	95.0	94.2	95.9	3,960,225	1,926,690	2,033,535	94.3	94.1	94.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,000	32,000	36,400	42,000	32,000	38,400	46,000	32,800	38,400	46,000	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,735	4,145	4,590	95.1	94.2	96.0	3,968,465	1,928,380	2,040,085	94.5	94.1	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,200	29,800	32,800	37,200	29,800	34,800	40,800	30,000	34,800	40,800	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,120	3,865	4,250	88.4	87.8	88.9	3,614,710	1,784,370	1,830,340	86.1	87.1	85.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	38,400	27,000	32,000	38,400	27,000	36,400	44,800	29,800	36,400	44,800	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,740	3,270	3,470	73.4	74.3	72.6	2,972,225	1,505,485	1,466,740	70.8	73.5	68.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	35,600	26,000	30,200	35,600	26,000	36,800	45,200	30,600	36,800	45,200	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,395	2,760	3,635	69.6	62.7	76.0	2,715,540	1,173,320	1,542,220	64.6	57.3	71.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	5,520	6,500	6,080	5,520	6,500	5,880	4,520	6,450	5,880	4,520	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	880	465	410	9.6	10.6	8.6	258,710	115,865	142,845	6.2	5.7	6.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	6,120	5,640	5,880	6,120	5,640	5,480	5,120	5,800	5,480	5,120	5,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	9,185	4,405	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,685	4,115	4,575	94.6	93.4	95.7	3,959,300	1,926,475	2,032,835	94.3	94.0	94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,040	52,500	40,200	46,040	52,500	40,200	52,300	62,250	42,880	52,300	62,250	42,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,690	4,120	4,575	94.6	93.5	95.7	3,967,440	1,928,070	2,039,370	94.5	94.1	94.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,320	34,600	39,200	44,320	34,600	43,400	50,520	36,640	43,400	50,520	36,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,105	3,840	4,270	88.2	87.2	89.3	3,612,845	1,783,870	1,828,980	86.0	87.1	85.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,440	35,920	42,800	50,440	35,920	51,080	61,850	40,560	51,080	61,850	40,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,755	3,230	3,525	73.5	73.3	73.7	2,971,405	1,506,375	1,465,035	70.7	73.5	68.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,760	46,240	33,840	39,760	46,240	33,840	49,120	58,700	39,280	49,120	58,700	39,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,330	2,740	3,590	68.9	62.2	75.1	2,711,365	1,168,975	1,542,390	64.5	57.1	71.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,350	8,180	8,480	8,350	8,180	8,480	8,330	8,200	8,430	8,330	8,200	8,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	845	460	385	9.2	10.4	8.1	258,380	115,595	142,790	6.2	5.6	6.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,440	7,440	7,440	7,440	7,440	7,440	7,140	6,310	7,810	7,140	6,310	7,810
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	9,185	4,400	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,420	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,400	1,305	1,095	26.1	29.7	22.9	1,288,260	729,135	559,120	30.7	35.6	26.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	60,000	50,400	56,400	60,000	50,400	60,400	68,000	52,800	60,400	68,000	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,800	69,300	52,900	61,800	69,300	52,900	72,800	82,200	60,600	72,800	82,200	60,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,230	1,420	1,810	35.2	32.3	37.9	1,128,665	516,540	612,120	26.9	25.2	28.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	26,800	20,200	23,400	26,800	20,200	25,200	29,400	22,600	25,200	29,400	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,360	34,680	28,760	31,360	34,680	28,760	36,280	43,320	30,320	36,280	43,320	30,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.8	89.6	83.4	86.8	89.6	83.4	89.0	92.0	85.0	89.0	92.0	85.0
Employment income (%)	67.2	69.2	64.8	67.2	69.2	64.8	70.4	73.8	66.0	70.4	73.8	66.0
Government transfers (%)	13.2	10.4	16.6	13.2	10.4	16.6	10.9	8.0	14.9	10.9	8.0	14.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	0.9	0.6	1.3	0.9	0.6	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	4,950	...	...	...	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,745	...	...	...	...	...	600,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	3,205	...	...	...	...	...	1,441,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	4,950	...	...	...	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,600	...	...	89,600	...	...	108,600	...	...	108,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,900	...	...	76,900	...	...	91,100	...	...	91,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,745	...	...	...	...	...	600,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,280	...	...	46,280	...	...	55,600	...	...	55,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,520	...	...	40,520	...	...	46,680	...	...	46,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	3,210	...	...	...	...	...	1,441,410	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,100	...	...	113,100	...	...	130,800	...	...	130,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,600	...	...	96,600	...	...	109,600	...	...	109,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	4,950	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...	1.1	...	...	30,080	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...	0.4	...	...	13,160	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50	...	...	1.0	...	...	19,290	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	135	...	...	2.7	...	...	41,735	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	285	...	...	5.8	...	...	82,340	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	195	...	...	3.9	...	...	63,830	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	190	...	...	3.8	...	...	64,895	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	190	...	...	3.8	...	...	75,105	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	185	...	...	3.7	...	...	73,975	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	200	...	...	4.0	...	...	73,180	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	460	...	...	9.3	...	...	144,895	...	...	7.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	415	...	...	8.4	...	...	139,140	...	...	6.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	345	...	...	7.0	...	...	131,840	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	290	...	...	5.9	...	...	122,530	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	290	...	...	5.9	...	...	112,775	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,620	...	...	32.7	...	...	853,065	...	...	41.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	520	...	...	10.5	...	...	235,680	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	380	...	...	7.7	...	...	178,970	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	425	...	...	8.6	...	...	221,175	...	...	10.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	300	...	...	6.1	...	...	217,240	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	4,950	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	60	...	...	1.2	...	...	34,265	...	...	1.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...	0.4	...	...	13,550	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50	...	...	1.0	...	...	19,930	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	140	...	...	2.8	...	...	43,390	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	305	...	...	6.2	...	...	86,585	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	225	...	...	4.5	...	...	72,515	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	225	...	...	4.5	...	...	74,810	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	210	...	...	4.2	...	...	85,940	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	245	...	...	4.9	...	...	85,575	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	245	...	...	4.9	...	...	85,000	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	500	...	...	10.1	...	...	168,315	...	...	8.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	445	...	...	9.0	...	...	160,070	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	380	...	...	7.7	...	...	149,385	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	335	...	...	6.8	...	...	136,615	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	270	...	...	5.5	...	...	121,890	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,290	...	...	26.1	...	...	704,010	...	...	34.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	510	...	...	10.3	...	...	243,560	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	360	...	...	7.3	...	...	167,850	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	415	...	...	8.4	...	...	292,600	...	...	14.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	2,880	...	...	...	...	...	1,364,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,265	...	...	...	...	...	562,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	995	...	...	...	...	...	561,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	545	...	...	...	...	...	188,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,890	1,370	1,520	...	...	...	878,130	426,275	451,855	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	35,600	34,000	34,800	35,600	34,000	39,200	40,800	37,600	39,200	40,800	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	32,400	31,800	32,400	32,400	31,800	36,000	37,200	34,800	36,000	37,200	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	2,855	...	...	...	...	...	1,363,860	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,500	...	...	111,500	...	...	130,400	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,600	...	...	94,600	...	...	108,900	...	...	108,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,230	...	...	...	...	...	561,775	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,800	...	...	101,800	...	...	115,100	...	...	115,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,400	...	...	84,400	...	...	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,010	...	...	...	...	...	563,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,800	...	...	142,800	...	...	161,800	...	...	161,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,200	...	...	121,200	...	...	133,800	...	...	133,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	530	...	...	...	...	...	186,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,800	...	...	72,800	...	...	83,400	...	...	83,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	73,100	...	...	73,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,890	1,415	1,475	...	...	...	875,470	423,270	452,200	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	43,480	42,920	43,200	43,480	42,920	50,240	53,050	47,600	50,240	53,050	47,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,120	38,200	38,080	38,120	38,200	38,080	42,720	44,400	41,200	42,720	44,400	41,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	10,725	5,180	5,545	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,800	2,499,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	1,885	960	930	17.6	18.5	16.8	866,210	446,475	419,740	17.6	18.5	16.8
0 to 5 years	525	260	260	4.9	5.0	4.7	264,100	135,340	128,760	5.4	5.6	5.2
18 to 64 years	6,820	3,330	3,490	63.6	64.3	62.9	3,085,015	1,515,740	1,569,280	62.8	62.7	62.8
65 years and over	2,015	890	1,125	18.8	17.2	20.3	964,710	454,590	510,120	19.6	18.8	20.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,245	550	690	...	...	...	528,870	246,885	281,980	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	235	120	115	...	...	...	98,830	51,230	47,600	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	50	20	30	...	...	...	29,460	15,150	14,310	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	655	305	350	...	...	...	297,960	141,460	156,505	...	...	...
65 years and over	355	125	225	...	...	...	132,075	54,200	77,875	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.6	10.6	12.5	11.6	10.6	12.5	10.8	10.2	11.3	10.8	10.2	11.3
0 to 17 years (%)	12.4	12.6	12.2	12.4	12.6	12.2	11.4	11.5	11.3	11.4	11.5	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	7.6	10.0	8.8	7.6	10.0	11.2	11.2	11.1	11.2	11.2	11.1
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.2	10.1	9.6	9.2	10.1	9.7	9.3	10.0	9.7	9.3	10.0
65 years and over (%)	17.5	14.2	20.0	17.5	14.2	20.0	13.7	11.9	15.3	13.7	11.9	15.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	10,725	5,180	5,545	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,825,465	2,371,915	2,453,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	1,885	955	930	17.6	18.4	16.8	848,955	437,500	411,455	17.6	18.4	16.8
0 to 5 years	520	265	255	4.8	5.1	4.6	259,060	132,740	126,320	5.4	5.6	5.1
18 to 64 years	6,820	3,335	3,485	63.6	64.4	62.8	3,033,655	1,490,215	1,543,435	62.9	62.8	62.9
65 years and over	2,020	890	1,130	18.8	17.2	20.4	942,860	444,195	498,660	19.5	18.7	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	440	230	215	...	...	...	279,035	139,265	139,770	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	85	45	40	...	...	...	44,480	23,070	21,410	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	15	5	5	...	...	...	11,690	6,045	5,640	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	335	175	155	...	...	...	201,000	101,455	99,545	...	...	...
65 years and over	20	5	10	...	...	...	33,555	14,740	18,815	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.1	4.4	3.8	4.1	4.4	3.8	5.8	5.9	5.7	5.8	5.9	5.7
0 to 17 years (%)	4.5	4.8	4.4	4.5	4.8	4.4	5.2	5.3	5.2	5.2	5.3	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.0	2.5	2.0	2.0	2.5	2.0	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.5
18 to 64 years (%)	4.9	5.4	4.5	4.9	5.4	4.5	6.6	6.8	6.5	6.6	6.8	6.5
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.8	1.2	1.0	0.8	1.2	3.6	3.3	3.8	3.6	3.3	3.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	10,725	5,180	5,545	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,800	2,499,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	6,060	2,875	3,190	56.5	55.5	57.5	2,300,730	1,101,130	1,199,605	46.8	45.6	48.0
In bottom decile	1,385	640	745	12.9	12.4	13.4	516,435	247,990	268,445	10.5	10.3	10.7
In second decile	1,255	570	685	11.7	11.0	12.4	444,845	206,090	238,750	9.0	8.5	9.6
In third decile	1,185	585	595	11.0	11.3	10.7	436,965	208,575	228,385	8.9	8.6	9.1
In fourth decile	1,145	540	605	10.7	10.4	10.9	442,745	214,155	228,590	9.0	8.9	9.1
In fifth decile	1,095	535	560	10.2	10.3	10.1	459,740	224,315	235,420	9.4	9.3	9.4
In top half of the distribution	4,665	2,305	2,355	43.5	44.5	42.5	2,615,210	1,315,675	1,299,535	53.2	54.4	52.0
In sixth decile	965	465	500	9.0	9.0	9.0	475,780	234,975	240,805	9.7	9.7	9.6
In seventh decile	985	480	500	9.2	9.3	9.0	494,480	246,315	248,165	10.1	10.2	9.9
In eighth decile	905	450	460	8.4	8.7	8.3	518,565	260,640	257,925	10.5	10.8	10.3
In ninth decile	1,020	515	510	9.5	9.9	9.2	550,860	278,965	271,890	11.2	11.5	10.9
In top decile	790	400	390	7.4	7.7	7.0	575,535	294,785	280,750	11.7	12.2	11.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	10,725	...	...	10,725	...	...	4,915,940	...	...	4,915,940	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.313	...	...	0.313	...	...	0.346	...	...	0.346	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.424	...	...	0.424	...	...	0.449	...	...	0.449	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.306	...	...	0.306	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	10,880	5,235	5,645	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	9,455	4,625	4,835	86.9	88.3	85.7	4,461,290	2,220,225	2,241,070	90.1	91.2	89.0
French only	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,785	810	970	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	1,400	605	795	12.9	11.6	14.1	326,865	146,310	180,565	6.6	6.0	7.2
Neither English nor French	20	5	15	0.2	0.1	0.3	161,720	67,240	94,475	3.3	2.8	3.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	10,880	5,235	5,645	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	10,525	5,080	5,440	96.7	97.0	96.4	4,718,195	2,332,370	2,385,825	95.3	95.8	94.8
French	310	145	165	2.8	2.8	2.9	56,495	28,130	28,370	1.1	1.2	1.1
English and French	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4	18,145	8,260	9,885	0.4	0.3	0.4
Neither English nor French	20	5	15	0.2	0.1	0.3	158,820	65,825	92,995	3.2	2.7	3.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	10,880	5,235	5,645	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	10,605	5,110	5,500	97.5	97.6	97.4	4,761,600	2,343,570	2,418,030	96.2	96.3	96.1
Official languages	9,625	4,680	4,945	88.5	89.4	87.6	3,382,455	1,699,060	1,683,395	68.3	69.8	66.9
English	9,320	4,545	4,780	85.7	86.8	84.7	3,325,035	1,670,420	1,654,615	67.1	68.6	65.7
French	305	140	165	2.8	2.7	2.9	57,420	28,645	28,780	1.2	1.2	1.1
Non-official languages	985	430	555	9.1	8.2	9.8	1,379,145	644,515	734,630	27.9	26.5	29.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,490	2,600	2,890	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	820	390	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	630	310	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	620	305	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	55	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	150	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	65	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	55	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,560	710	850	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,545	705	840	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	280	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	210	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,080	510	565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	95	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	120	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	80	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	505	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	295	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	155	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	380	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	180	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	90	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	980	425	550	9.0	8.1	9.7	1,373,655	641,910	731,745	27.7	26.4	29.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2	33,195	17,710	15,485	0.7	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	70	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,005	1,025	980	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	165	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,590	805	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2	31,020	16,575	14,450	0.6	0.7	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,620	790	835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	5	0.1	0.2	0.1	22,970	12,330	10,640	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,505	770	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	295	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	800	405	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1	2,260	1,275	980	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,455	1,310	1,150	0.0	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1	34,145	15,270	18,875	0.7	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	670	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1	32,560	14,580	17,985	0.7	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	105	45	60	1.0	0.9	1.1	104,100	42,685	61,415	2.1	1.8	2.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	180	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,375	550	825	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1	3,585	1,405	2,175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	180	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,895	755	1,140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,325	2,650	3,675	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,080	1,730	2,345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	85	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	45	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	180	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	870	400	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	165	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	40	50	0.8	0.8	0.9	82,835	33,800	49,045	1.7	1.4	1.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	125	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	425	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	465	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	170	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	100	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	55	35	20	0.5	0.7	0.4	13,260	7,225	6,035	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1	565	290	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	25	15	0.4	0.5	0.3	4,740	2,590	2,155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	5,055	2,645	2,405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0	2,810	1,650	1,160	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	95	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	650	290	360	6.0	5.5	6.4	657,345	321,395	335,955	13.3	13.2	13.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,645	850	795	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,350	650	695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	175	75	95	1.6	1.4	1.7	81,655	37,525	44,135	1.6	1.5	1.8
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,065	475	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1	545	250	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	220	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	165	75	90	1.5	1.4	1.6	80,590	37,050	43,540	1.6	1.5	1.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,025	960	1,065	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,855	2,770	3,090	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	170	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3	15,810	7,190	8,625	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	70	30	40	0.6	0.6	0.7	28,660	12,825	15,835	0.6	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.2	16,425	8,055	8,365	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,655	805	855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,805	3,255	3,545	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,665	3,855	3,815	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	145	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2	3,275	1,475	1,805	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	950	430	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2	7,120	3,120	4,000	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	225	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	180	75	100	1.7	1.4	1.8	84,375	39,695	44,675	1.7	1.6	1.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	120	50	70	1.1	1.0	1.2	53,255	24,820	28,435	1.1	1.0	1.1
German	110	45	65	1.0	0.9	1.2	50,695	23,575	27,125	1.0	1.0	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2	2,330	1,130	1,205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	110	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	25	20	0.4	0.5	0.4	23,295	11,250	12,040	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1	3,700	1,830	1,870	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4	17,345	8,325	9,020	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	100	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,580	775	810	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	165	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2	7,530	3,465	4,060	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1	3,625	1,700	1,925	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	100	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,520	720	795	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1	2,175	940	1,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,545	2,925	2,625	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	125	60	65	1.1	1.1	1.2	368,635	184,325	184,310	7.4	7.6	7.3
Indo-Aryan languages	120	55	65	1.1	1.1	1.2	306,465	153,205	153,260	6.2	6.3	6.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1	4,765	2,640	2,125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1	8,250	4,130	4,120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	30	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3	32,390	16,270	16,120	0.7	0.7	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,195	510	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	145	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,605	840	770	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,725	900	825	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	40	35	0.7	0.8	0.6	240,865	119,945	120,915	4.9	4.9	4.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	155	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,935	960	970	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,210	6,195	6,015	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	325	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1	62,135	31,100	31,030	1.3	1.3	1.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,775	1,510	1,265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,365	760	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1	57,700	28,670	29,030	1.2	1.2	1.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,005	2,965	3,045	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1	46,395	23,045	23,355	0.9	0.9	0.9
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,295	2,665	2,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	160	75	90	1.5	1.4	1.6	113,685	55,180	58,505	2.3	2.3	2.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	115	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	75	35	40	0.7	0.7	0.7	19,805	10,000	9,800	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4	24,320	11,490	12,840	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,775	4,250	4,525	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	45	20	30	0.4	0.4	0.5	60,465	29,260	31,205	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.5	22,030	7,135	14,895	0.4	0.3	0.6
Korean	25	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.4	59,935	26,815	33,125	1.2	1.1	1.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	185	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1	4,910	2,455	2,455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	300	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	75	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	150	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	145	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	100	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	170	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,090	520	570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	305	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	360	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	215	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	120	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000	560	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	500	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	25	35	0.5	0.5	0.6	419,855	189,740	230,115	8.5	7.8	9.1
Chinese languages	50	25	30	0.5	0.5	0.5	417,290	188,495	228,795	8.4	7.7	9.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,080	895	1,185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2	205,205	91,455	113,750	4.1	3.8	4.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,780	5,240	6,540	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,200	1,405	1,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.4	192,140	88,195	103,945	3.9	3.6	4.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,560	1,155	1,405	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,485	1,205	1,280	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015	485	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	90	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	345	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	305	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	215	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	75	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,395	1,380	3,015	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,100	525	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,170	800	2,365	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	50	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,055	3,325	2,730	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	345	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	40	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,765	2,685	2,080	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	120	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	65	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.2	11,275	5,160	6,115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	235	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1	3,005	1,240	1,760	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,700	3,685	4,015	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	270	125	150	2.5	2.4	2.7	190,055	91,010	99,040	3.8	3.7	3.9
English and French	85	45	45	0.8	0.9	0.8	17,320	8,415	8,905	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	165	80	85	1.5	1.5	1.5	150,730	72,755	77,980	3.0	3.0	3.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,395	1,135	1,260	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,960	1,335	1,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	5	15	0.2	0.1	0.3	16,645	7,375	9,270	0.3	0.3	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	10,880	5,235	5,645	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	9,575	4,660	4,915	88.0	89.0	87.1	3,491,395	1,745,260	1,746,140	70.5	71.7	69.4
French	100	45	50	0.9	0.9	0.9	11,050	5,420	5,625	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	135	55	75	1.2	1.1	1.3	464,235	216,230	248,005	9.4	8.9	9.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	320	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	135	55	75	1.2	1.1	1.3	463,590	215,910	247,685	9.4	8.9	9.8
English and French	260	110	150	2.4	2.1	2.7	42,645	19,975	22,670	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	770	335	435	7.1	6.4	7.7	880,090	419,520	460,570	17.8	17.2	18.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,065	480	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3	21,610	9,790	11,820	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1	39,565	17,910	21,660	0.8	0.7	0.9
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	10,880	5,235	5,645	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	10,685	5,155	5,530	98.2	98.5	98.0	4,753,615	2,340,025	2,413,590	96.0	96.1	95.9
Official languages	10,345	5,010	5,335	95.1	95.7	94.5	3,906,070	1,939,330	1,966,740	78.9	79.7	78.1
English	10,195	4,935	5,255	93.7	94.3	93.1	3,888,825	1,930,925	1,957,900	78.5	79.3	77.8
French	150	75	80	1.4	1.4	1.4	17,245	8,400	8,845	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official languages	335	145	195	3.1	2.8	3.5	847,550	400,695	446,850	17.1	16.5	17.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,215	595	615	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	235	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	230	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	95	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	120	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	115	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	335	145	195	3.1	2.8	3.5	846,335	400,100	446,235	17.1	16.4	17.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1	19,805	10,000	9,805	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,150	570	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	930	455	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1	18,605	9,405	9,195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	345	415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,845	6,995	6,850	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,110	545	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	195	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	290	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,030	535	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,810	975	840	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,705	9,915	11,790	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	360	425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,890	9,535	11,350	0.4	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	25	40	0.6	0.5	0.7	54,720	24,615	30,105	1.1	1.0	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	260	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,735	780	950	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	865	390	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,280	1,480	1,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,375	675	700	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	195	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	25	40	0.6	0.5	0.7	45,380	20,305	25,080	0.9	0.8	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	175	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	430	200	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	110	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3	8,005	4,180	3,825	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	125	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2	2,890	1,545	1,345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,185	1,585	1,595	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,645	895	750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	160	65	95	1.5	1.2	1.7	364,340	179,590	184,745	7.4	7.4	7.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	690	345	345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	675	315	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.3	33,875	16,185	17,690	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	115	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.3	33,650	16,070	17,580	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	430	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,760	875	890	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,250	2,470	2,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,090	7,655	8,435	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,745	3,270	3,480	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	345	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,940	885	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,010	1,990	2,015	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,040	510	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,630	755	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	5	25	0.3	0.1	0.4	12,280	5,870	6,410	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.3	7,805	3,690	4,115	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	15	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.3	7,320	3,455	3,865	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	230	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1	3,785	1,850	1,930	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,725	850	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,485	720	770	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	215	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1	670	320	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	105	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1	305	145	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,915	900	1,015	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	65	35	30	0.6	0.7	0.5	263,030	130,695	132,330	5.3	5.4	5.3
Indo-Aryan languages	65	35	30	0.6	0.7	0.5	220,735	110,140	110,605	4.5	4.5	4.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,720	1,410	1,305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,160	2,050	2,115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2	17,670	8,855	8,815	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	185	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	400	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,120	570	555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	20	20	0.3	0.4	0.4	184,065	91,825	92,240	3.7	3.8	3.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	940	445	495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,235	4,095	4,135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	145	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,285	20,560	21,725	0.9	0.8	0.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,765	900	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	490	410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,475	19,095	20,375	0.8	0.8	0.8
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,690	1,785	1,900	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,375	15,665	16,710	0.7	0.6	0.7
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,405	1,640	1,765	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	20	30	0.4	0.4	0.5	51,830	25,240	26,590	1.0	1.0	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.2	4,475	1,930	2,545	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	15	10	5	0.1	0.2	0.1	12,670	6,055	6,615	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,620	1,740	1,885	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.2	30,960	15,455	15,500	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.2	10,220	4,190	6,035	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3	45,525	20,925	24,600	0.9	0.9	1.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	115	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,485	705	780	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	175	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	105	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,720	970	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,390	790	605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	180	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.3	310,860	141,235	169,630	6.3	5.8	6.7
Chinese languages	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.3	309,165	140,385	168,780	6.2	5.8	6.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	270	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1	162,130	73,835	88,295	3.3	3.0	3.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,285	2,850	3,440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,010	930	1,080	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.2	136,525	61,785	74,745	2.8	2.5	3.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,455	650	805	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,665	830	835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	325	345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	530	270	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	240	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	130	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,570	655	915	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	235	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,010	390	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,030	1,540	1,490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	140	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,500	1,290	1,205	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,375	1,100	1,280	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	210	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,815	855	955	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	200	85	115	1.8	1.6	2.0	198,040	94,560	103,480	4.0	3.9	4.1
English and French	35	15	25	0.3	0.3	0.4	7,210	3,415	3,800	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	155	70	90	1.4	1.3	1.6	183,010	87,560	95,445	3.7	3.6	3.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	245	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,525	735	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1	5,760	2,605	3,160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	10,880	5,235	5,640	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	9,955	4,830	5,125	91.5	92.3	90.9	4,130,200	2,045,235	2,084,970	83.4	84.0	82.8
English	205	90	120	1.9	1.7	2.1	304,845	147,605	157,245	6.2	6.1	6.2
French	190	85	105	1.7	1.6	1.9	34,575	15,995	18,575	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	425	190	230	3.9	3.6	4.1	379,250	176,935	202,310	7.7	7.3	8.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,140	2,360	2,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	420	195	230	3.9	3.7	4.1	374,105	174,580	199,525	7.6	7.2	7.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,740	1,245	1,490	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	45	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.4	46,940	22,760	24,175	0.9	0.9	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,880	5,335	6,550	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	300	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25	0.4	0.4	0.4	40,580	19,180	21,395	0.8	0.8	0.8
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	10,725	5,180	5,545	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	10,705	5,165	5,540	99.8	99.7	99.9	4,754,865	2,350,105	2,404,760	96.7	97.2	96.2
English	10,700	5,160	5,540	99.8	99.6	99.9	4,753,275	2,349,445	2,403,835	96.7	97.2	96.2
French	1,395	570	825	13.0	11.0	14.9	327,350	145,985	181,370	6.7	6.0	7.3
Non-official languages	1,920	855	1,065	17.9	16.5	19.2	1,780,325	838,795	941,525	36.2	34.7	37.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,560	7,740	8,820	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,985	885	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,450	675	775	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,425	660	770	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	25	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	195	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	745	360	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	175	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	160	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	115	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,540	1,580	1,955	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,490	1,570	1,920	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	675	855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	100	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	95	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	125	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	125	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	40	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	395	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	120	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	80	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	100	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,145	2,450	2,695	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,400	665	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	285	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	270	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,060	475	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	165	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	130	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	690	315	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	155	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,610	1,310	1,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,120	545	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,080	585	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	205	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,145	965	1,180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	145	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	160	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	790	335	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	685	300	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	165	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	140	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,915	850	1,065	17.9	16.4	19.2	1,764,475	831,400	933,075	35.9	34.4	37.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4	50,895	27,105	23,785	1.0	1.1	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	140	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	90	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	155	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	135	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,745	1,470	1,275	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	280	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,215	1,180	1,030	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4	48,405	25,830	22,570	1.0	1.1	0.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,100	1,605	1,495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,595	19,250	16,355	0.7	0.8	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,270	1,165	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	495	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,050	510	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	190	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2	6,995	3,570	3,430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,435	1,890	1,550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2	44,030	19,965	24,070	0.9	0.8	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,210	1,020	1,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2	41,975	19,020	22,950	0.9	0.8	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	175	80	100	1.6	1.5	1.8	148,455	61,285	87,165	3.0	2.5	3.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	810	370	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,655	655	1,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,995	2,485	3,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,020	500	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,135	1,215	1,920	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,285	4,555	6,725	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,810	3,175	3,640	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	115	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	70	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,485	1,665	1,820	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,550	675	875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	375	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	175	80	95	1.6	1.5	1.7	133,780	54,495	79,285	2.7	2.3	3.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	865	360	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,590	1,580	2,005	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,230	1,610	1,615	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	225	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	115	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	65	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,070	520	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	450	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	280	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	30	10	0.4	0.6	0.2	20,585	11,060	9,530	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,615	885	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0	6,765	3,705	3,060	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,740	5,125	4,610	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0	4,860	2,760	2,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	110	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	140	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,465	635	830	13.7	12.3	15.0	906,560	443,600	462,960	18.4	18.4	18.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,195	1,045	1,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,600	765	830	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	225	105	120	2.1	2.0	2.2	101,395	47,765	53,630	2.1	2.0	2.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,480	695	790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	730	330	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	750	365	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	215	105	110	2.0	2.0	2.0	100,340	47,265	53,075	2.0	2.0	2.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	140	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,475	1,190	1,285	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5	7,935	3,815	4,115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	260	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	25	30	0.4	0.5	0.5	19,640	9,130	10,510	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	115	55	60	1.1	1.1	1.1	42,390	19,800	22,590	0.9	0.8	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,625	10,790	10,835	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,150	1,540	1,605	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,060	5,345	5,715	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,070	5,640	5,425	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	255	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2	4,315	1,945	2,370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,280	585	695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0	12,205	5,430	6,775	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,675	1,430	1,245	0.1	0.1	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,665	920	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	130	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	610	290	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	100	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	350	175	175	3.3	3.4	3.2	128,605	60,765	67,835	2.6	2.5	2.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	210	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	240	115	120	2.2	2.2	2.2	86,275	41,190	45,085	1.8	1.7	1.8
German	235	115	115	2.2	2.2	2.1	84,325	40,275	44,050	1.7	1.7	1.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3	3,030	1,415	1,620	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	225	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	50	25	0.7	1.0	0.5	34,480	16,520	17,965	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	9,755	5,050	4,705	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	65	45	20	0.6	0.9	0.4	22,380	10,375	12,005	0.5	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	175	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,180	1,055	1,130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	200	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	55	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.5	12,425	5,520	6,910	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2	4,950	2,235	2,720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	130	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2	3,125	1,420	1,710	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	30	20	20	0.3	0.4	0.4	4,730	2,125	2,610	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	135	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	9,005	4,630	4,375	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	190	85	105	1.8	1.6	1.9	477,485	240,310	237,175	9.7	9.9	9.5
Indo-Aryan languages	160	70	95	1.5	1.4	1.7	406,375	204,750	201,625	8.3	8.5	8.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3	6,565	3,480	3,080	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,340	7,060	7,280	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	90	30	55	0.8	0.6	1.0	134,950	67,645	67,300	2.7	2.8	2.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,925	1,295	1,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	95	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	775	400	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,555	1,910	1,645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,445	1,270	1,180	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110	40	65	1.0	0.8	1.2	315,000	158,625	156,375	6.4	6.6	6.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	350	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,440	1,630	1,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,780	13,590	12,190	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,645	855	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2	73,745	37,010	36,730	1.5	1.5	1.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,875	2,110	1,760	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	115	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,645	1,545	1,105	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2	68,960	34,500	34,460	1.4	1.4	1.4
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,235	4,005	4,230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2	55,745	27,930	27,815	1.1	1.2	1.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,780	2,995	2,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	135	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	135	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	765	300	460	7.1	5.8	8.3	211,725	100,750	110,975	4.3	4.2	4.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	270	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	155	60	95	1.4	1.2	1.7	36,370	17,200	19,170	0.7	0.7	0.8
Portuguese	80	45	35	0.7	0.9	0.6	33,005	16,050	16,955	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,210	5,470	5,745	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	560	205	355	5.2	4.0	6.4	143,900	68,245	75,660	2.9	2.8	3.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	380	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	135	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	95	45	50	0.9	0.9	0.9	41,835	17,590	24,240	0.9	0.7	1.0
Korean	40	25	10	0.4	0.5	0.2	69,935	31,335	38,600	1.4	1.3	1.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	250	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,290	6,795	6,495	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,365	695	670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	155	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	125	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	205	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	35	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	485	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	280	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	260	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	130	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	345	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,205	2,735	2,475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	95	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,815	935	880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,275	1,215	1,060	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	315	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	235	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	75	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0	7,965	3,150	4,815	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,020	2,700	4,320	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0	1,105	515	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	50	55	1.0	1.0	1.0	491,660	225,430	266,230	10.0	9.3	10.7
Chinese languages	105	50	55	1.0	1.0	1.0	488,465	223,825	264,650	9.9	9.3	10.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,615	1,645	1,970	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	50	25	25	0.5	0.5	0.5	312,625	140,985	171,640	6.4	5.8	6.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	90	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3	24,065	10,615	13,450	0.5	0.4	0.5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,760	2,020	2,740	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	55	15	35	0.5	0.3	0.6	246,045	112,580	133,465	5.0	4.7	5.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,215	1,025	1,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	135	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,375	1,710	1,665	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,730	870	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	130	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	375	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	705	340	365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	320	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	150	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	95	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,725	2,635	4,085	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,635	735	900	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,310	1,960	3,350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,910	5,605	5,305	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,665	880	790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	70	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,230	4,805	4,425	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	115	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	135	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	125	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2	13,510	6,345	7,165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	310	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,635	1,675	1,960	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2	9,230	4,395	4,840	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	285	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	10,725	5,180	5,545	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	585	295	285	5.5	5.7	5.1	290,210	141,210	148,995	5.9	5.8	6.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	575	285	285	5.4	5.5	5.1	279,670	136,400	143,265	5.7	5.6	5.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	265	110	155	2.5	2.1	2.8	180,085	87,860	92,225	3.7	3.6	3.7
Métis	300	175	125	2.8	3.4	2.3	97,860	47,745	50,120	2.0	2.0	2.0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,720	795	925	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0	5,980	2,730	3,245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,560	2,075	2,485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	10,145	4,880	5,255	94.6	94.2	94.8	4,625,735	2,275,675	2,350,060	94.1	94.2	94.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	10,725	5,180	5,545	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	130	40	95	1.2	0.8	1.7	136,875	66,610	70,265	2.8	2.8	2.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	10,595	5,145	5,455	98.8	99.3	98.4	4,779,065	2,350,275	2,428,790	97.2	97.2	97.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	4,950	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	3,125	...	...	63.1	...	...	1,363,190	...	...	66.8	...	...
Renter	1,825	...	...	36.9	...	...	669,450	...	...	32.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	9,190	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	4,950	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	490	...	...	9.9	...	...	482,755	...	...	23.6	...	...
Not condominium	4,465	...	...	90.2	...	...	1,559,075	...	...	76.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	4,950	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	55	...	...	1.1	...	...	30,855	...	...	1.5	...	...
1 bedroom	735	...	...	14.8	...	...	354,020	...	...	17.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,430	...	...	28.9	...	...	569,180	...	...	27.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,575	...	...	31.8	...	...	539,910	...	...	26.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,150	...	...	23.2	...	...	547,870	...	...	26.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	4,950	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,555	...	...	31.4	...	...	766,380	...	...	37.5	...	...
5 rooms	790	...	...	16.0	...	...	300,895	...	...	14.7	...	...
6 rooms	750	...	...	15.2	...	...	248,045	...	...	12.1	...	...
7 rooms	580	...	...	11.7	...	...	205,105	...	...	10.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,270	...	...	25.7	...	...	521,410	...	...	25.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	4,950	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	4,930	...	...	99.6	...	...	1,984,655	...	...	97.2	...	...
More than one person per room	25	...	...	0.5	...	...	57,180	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	4,950	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	4,745	...	...	95.9	...	...	1,919,140	...	...	94.0	...	...
Not suitable	205	...	...	4.1	...	...	122,700	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	4,950	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,265	...	...	45.8	...	...	256,175	...	...	12.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,120	...	...	22.6	...	...	550,690	...	...	27.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	285	...	...	5.8	...	...	289,940	...	...	14.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	525	...	...	10.6	...	...	336,315	...	...	16.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	105	...	...	2.1	...	...	122,855	...	...	6.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	220	...	...	4.4	...	...	164,165	...	...	8.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	195	...	...	3.9	...	...	135,725	...	...	6.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	220	...	...	4.4	...	...	185,965	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	4,950	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	4,490	...	...	90.7	...	...	1,922,640	...	...	94.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	465	...	...	9.4	...	...	119,195	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	4,950	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,680	...	...	54.1	...	...	1,003,245	...	...	49.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	2,000	...	...	40.4	...	...	904,960	...	...	44.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	270	...	...	5.5	...	...	133,630	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	4,950	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	115	...	...	2.3	...	...	57,980	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	755	...	...	15.3	...	...	282,195	...	...	13.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	895	...	...	18.1	...	...	343,380	...	...	16.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	930	...	...	18.8	...	...	354,340	...	...	17.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	850	...	...	17.2	...	...	407,735	...	...	20.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	825	...	...	16.7	...	...	347,335	...	...	17.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	405	...	...	8.2	...	...	182,155	...	...	8.9	...	...
85 years and over	175	...	...	3.5	...	...	66,710	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	4,940	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,988,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,815	...	...	77.2	...	...	1,481,365	...	...	74.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,125	...	...	22.8	...	...	506,850	...	...	25.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,035	...	...	21.0	...	...	434,390	...	...	21.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	4,950	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,585	...	...	32.0	...	...	683,985	...	...	33.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	940	...	...	19.0	...	...	451,550	...	...	22.1	...	...
Not suitable only	130	...	...	2.6	...	...	89,300	...	...	4.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	310	...	...	6.3	...	...	80,200	...	...	3.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	45	...	...	0.9	...	...	23,945	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	130	...	...	2.6	...	...	29,585	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.4	...	...	7,640	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	1,770	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	3,365	...	...	68.0	...	...	1,357,845	...	...	66.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	4,850	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,915,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	505	...	...	10.4	...	...	257,090	...	...	13.4	...	...
Not in core need	4,340	...	...	89.5	...	...	1,658,665	...	...	86.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,125	...	...	...	...	...	1,330,795	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.3	...	...	56.3	...	...	57.5	...	...	57.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.4	...	...	15.4	...	...	19.3	...	...	19.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,160	...	...	1,160	...	...	1,320	...	...	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,328	...	...	1,328	...	...	1,668	...	...	1,668	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	580,000	...	...	580,000	...	...	785,000	...	...	785,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	587,500	...	...	587,500	...	...	983,000	...	...	983,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,825	...	...	...	...	...	663,870	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.8	...	...	11.8	...	...	11.0	...	...	11.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.5	...	...	35.5	...	...	37.8	...	...	37.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.4	...	...	19.4	...	...	24.7	...	...	24.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,130	...	...	1,130	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,370	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,203	...	...	1,203	...	...	1,494	...	...	1,494	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...	9,190	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	11.4	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	368	...	...	368	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	446	...	...	446	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	10,720	5,180	5,545	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	125	70	55	1.2	1.4	1.0	120,245	59,370	60,880	2.4	2.5	2.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	120	65	55	1.1	1.3	1.0	118,210	58,475	59,730	2.4	2.4	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	55	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.5	100,805	49,745	51,060	2.1	2.1	2.0
Métis single ancestry	70	45	30	0.7	0.9	0.5	16,830	8,485	8,350	0.3	0.4	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	570	245	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,040	890	1,145	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,870	830	1,040	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	510	255	255	4.8	4.9	4.6	191,640	92,300	99,335	3.9	3.8	4.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	505	250	250	4.7	4.8	4.5	184,975	89,155	95,825	3.8	3.7	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	340	160	185	3.2	3.1	3.3	123,735	59,635	64,100	2.5	2.5	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	160	95	70	1.5	1.8	1.3	59,905	28,840	31,070	1.2	1.2	1.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	680	655	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	6,665	3,145	3,515	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	6,390	3,035	3,360	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	60	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	10,085	4,855	5,230	94.1	93.7	94.3	4,604,055	2,265,220	2,338,840	93.7	93.7	93.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	10,725	5,180	5,545	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	9,750	4,710	5,045	90.9	90.9	91.0	4,359,045	2,149,325	2,209,725	88.7	88.9	88.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,770	860	910	16.5	16.6	16.4	812,305	418,815	393,495	16.5	17.3	15.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	7,975	3,845	4,130	74.4	74.2	74.5	3,546,745	1,730,505	1,816,235	72.1	71.6	72.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	975	470	500	9.1	9.1	9.0	556,895	267,560	289,330	11.3	11.1	11.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	10,725	5,180	5,545	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	8,705	4,180	4,520	81.2	80.7	81.5	3,319,230	1,663,815	1,655,410	67.5	68.8	66.2
Immigrants⁸¹	1,615	785	830	15.1	15.2	15.0	1,425,710	665,630	760,085	29.0	27.5	30.4
Before 1980	580	315	260	5.4	6.1	4.7	280,160	133,415	146,745	5.7	5.5	5.9
1980 to 1990	135	55	75	1.3	1.1	1.4	164,445	76,815	87,630	3.3	3.2	3.5
1991 to 2000	125	45	75	1.2	0.9	1.4	299,115	137,275	161,840	6.1	5.7	6.5
2001 to 2010	315	145	175	2.9	2.8	3.2	316,915	145,825	171,090	6.4	6.0	6.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	465	220	245	4.3	4.2	4.4	365,075	172,295	192,780	7.4	7.1	7.7
2011 to 2015	125	50	65	1.2	1.0	1.2	167,650	78,200	89,450	3.4	3.2	3.6
2016 to 2021	340	160	180	3.2	3.1	3.2	197,425	94,095	103,325	4.0	3.9	4.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	405	220	185	3.8	4.2	3.3	171,000	87,440	83,560	3.5	3.6	3.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,615	780	830	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,425,715	665,630	760,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	235	170	60	14.6	21.8	7.2	117,555	59,560	57,995	8.2	8.9	7.6
5 to 14 years	250	120	130	15.5	15.4	15.7	226,910	116,660	110,250	15.9	17.5	14.5
15 to 24 years	325	135	190	20.1	17.3	22.9	275,435	124,860	150,575	19.3	18.8	19.8
25 to 44 years	700	310	390	43.3	39.7	47.0	639,200	288,950	350,255	44.8	43.4	46.1
45 years and over	110	50	60	6.8	6.4	7.2	166,605	75,600	91,010	11.7	11.4	12.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,615	780	830	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,425,715	665,630	760,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	465	225	240	28.8	28.8	28.9	126,075	58,445	67,635	8.8	8.8	8.9
Brazil	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0	8,765	4,120	4,645	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,450	2,440	3,010	0.4	0.4	0.4
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,770	2,990	2,780	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,400	585	815	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	285	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,295	2,190	2,105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexico	20	15	0	1.2	1.9	0.0	13,385	5,910	7,480	0.9	0.9	1.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.2	3,510	1,535	1,975	0.2	0.2	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,725	1,255	1,470	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	390	195	195	24.1	25.0	23.5	59,920	27,535	32,380	4.2	4.1	4.3
Other places of birth in Americas	25	0	20	1.5	0.0	2.4	20,355	9,600	10,760	1.4	1.4	1.4
Europe	760	390	370	47.1	50.0	44.6	307,495	151,050	156,445	21.6	22.7	20.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,510	2,205	2,305	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,390	2,670	2,725	0.4	0.4	0.4
France	30	15	20	1.9	1.9	2.4	7,025	3,650	3,380	0.5	0.5	0.4
Germany	65	30	35	4.0	3.8	4.2	30,910	14,710	16,200	2.2	2.2	2.1
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,350	1,895	1,460	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,115	2,395	2,720	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italy	65	20	40	4.0	2.6	4.8	13,410	6,920	6,490	0.9	1.0	0.9
Netherlands	40	35	0	2.5	4.5	0.0	16,070	7,985	8,085	1.1	1.2	1.1
Poland	25	10	20	1.5	1.3	2.4	14,305	6,610	7,700	1.0	1.0	1.0
Portugal	15	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.8	7,785	3,765	4,020	0.5	0.6	0.5
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,370	4,490	4,885	0.7	0.7	0.6
Russian Federation	20	0	10	1.2	0.0	1.2	12,170	5,240	6,930	0.9	0.8	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,565	2,275	2,285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0	9,450	4,390	5,060	0.7	0.7	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	365	215	150	22.6	27.6	18.1	116,525	58,485	58,045	8.2	8.8	7.6
Other places of birth in Europe	115	45	70	7.1	5.8	8.4	47,545	23,380	24,170	3.3	3.5	3.2
Africa	55	20	35	3.4	2.6	4.2	53,330	27,245	26,085	3.7	4.1	3.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	325	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	540	465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,310	1,900	1,410	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,485	1,440	1,050	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,590	1,305	1,285	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,270	610	655	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,585	1,880	1,700	0.3	0.3	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,240	625	620	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	20	2.2	1.9	2.4	15,380	7,710	7,670	1.1	1.2	1.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	0	15	1.2	0.0	1.8	21,955	10,905	11,050	1.5	1.6	1.5
Asia	275	110	170	17.0	14.1	20.5	905,585	412,460	493,125	63.5	62.0	64.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,245	3,065	3,185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	15	1.2	1.3	1.8	45,970	23,175	22,795	3.2	3.5	3.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,000	3,750	3,245	0.5	0.6	0.4
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,455	1,390	1,065	0.2	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,545	3,420	3,130	0.5	0.5	0.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,095	1,690	1,410	0.2	0.3	0.2
China⁹⁰	35	15	15	2.2	1.9	1.8	217,970	94,905	123,065	15.3	14.3	16.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0	78,855	36,815	42,035	5.5	5.5	5.5
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0	47,520	21,345	26,180	3.3	3.2	3.4
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.2	40,445	18,100	22,340	2.8	2.7	2.9
Philippines	85	40	45	5.3	5.1	5.4	131,645	54,350	77,300	9.2	8.2	10.2
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,390	14,475	17,915	2.3	2.2	2.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,035	1,520	1,520	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	55	20	35	3.4	2.6	4.2	197,115	96,630	100,480	13.8	14.5	13.2
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,345	6,910	6,430	0.9	1.0	0.8
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,375	2,595	2,775	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	40	10	30	2.5	1.3	3.6	66,580	28,320	38,260	4.7	4.3	5.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60	35	20	3.7	4.5	2.4	33,225	16,430	16,800	2.3	2.5	2.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	340	165	180	100.0	100.0	100.0	197,420	94,095	103,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	80	50	35	23.5	30.3	19.4	22,835	10,990	11,850	11.6	11.7	11.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,130	2,430	2,695	2.6	2.6	2.6
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,075	495	580	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	515	490	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mexico	10	10	0	2.9	6.1	0.0	3,045	1,450	1,595	1.5	1.5	1.5
United States of America	70	40	30	20.6	24.2	16.7	8,760	4,325	4,430	4.4	4.6	4.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	530	205	330	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,265	1,545	1,720	1.7	1.6	1.7
Europe	110	55	60	32.4	33.3	33.3	25,290	13,375	11,920	12.8	14.2	11.5
France	15	0	15	4.4	0.0	8.3	1,730	935	795	0.9	1.0	0.8
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,380	680	705	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,420	1,485	935	1.2	1.6	0.9
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	995	555	445	0.5	0.6	0.4
Russian Federation	10	0	0	2.9	0.0	0.0	2,075	835	1,235	1.1	0.9	1.2
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,935	885	1,045	1.0	0.9	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	30	30	17.6	18.2	16.7	7,675	4,510	3,165	3.9	4.8	3.1
Other places of birth in Europe	30	15	10	8.8	9.1	5.6	7,090	3,490	3,605	3.6	3.7	3.5
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,465	5,545	4,915	5.3	5.9	4.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	35	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	205	140	0.2	0.2	0.1
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	610	350	255	0.3	0.4	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,515	935	585	0.8	1.0	0.6
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	620	340	275	0.3	0.4	0.3
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	115	160	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,770	925	845	0.9	1.0	0.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	130	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,965	945	1,015	1.0	1.0	1.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	115	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,420	1,245	1,180	1.2	1.3	1.1
Asia	115	35	75	33.8	21.2	41.7	134,395	61,590	72,805	68.1	65.5	70.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,325	700	625	0.7	0.7	0.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	340	315	0.3	0.4	0.3
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,450	13,060	18,390	15.9	13.9	17.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,515	1,125	1,390	1.3	1.2	1.3
India	50	20	30	14.7	12.1	16.7	39,390	20,140	19,245	20.0	21.4	18.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,850	2,865	2,980	3.0	3.0	2.9
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,545	840	705	0.8	0.9	0.7
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	365	240	0.3	0.4	0.2
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,090	500	1,590	1.1	0.5	1.5
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	200	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,220	2,935	4,280	3.7	3.1	4.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	175	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	195	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,390	1,300	1,090	1.2	1.4	1.1
Philippines	55	20	35	16.2	12.1	19.4	21,220	9,170	12,055	10.7	9.7	11.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	340	230	0.3	0.4	0.2
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	710	330	380	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,955	2,635	2,320	2.5	2.8	2.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,025	615	410	0.5	0.7	0.4
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	620	305	320	0.3	0.3	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,845	995	1,850	1.4	1.1	1.8
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,215	2,450	3,770	3.1	2.6	3.6
Oceania and other⁹³	30	20	0	8.8	12.1	0.0	4,440	2,600	1,840	2.2	2.8	1.8
Australia	20	20	0	5.9	12.1	0.0	3,280	1,965	1,315	1.7	2.1	1.3
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,160	630	530	0.6	0.7	0.5
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	10,725	5,180	5,545	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,270	1,125	1,145	21.2	21.7	20.6	1,657,625	783,205	874,415	33.7	32.4	35.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,110	980	1,130	19.7	18.9	20.4	1,068,600	536,615	531,985	21.7	22.2	21.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	6,340	3,070	3,270	59.1	59.3	59.0	2,189,720	1,097,065	1,092,655	44.5	45.4	43.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,035	465	570	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,145,550	532,215	613,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	605	290	320	58.5	62.4	56.1	661,395	320,875	340,525	57.7	60.3	55.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	290	130	160	28.0	28.0	28.1	273,695	157,230	116,470	23.9	29.5	19.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	315	160	155	30.4	34.4	27.2	387,700	163,640	224,055	33.8	30.7	36.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	370	155	215	35.7	33.3	37.7	372,185	152,795	219,390	32.5	28.7	35.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	40	15	25	3.9	3.2	4.4	97,720	52,250	45,470	8.5	9.8	7.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	0	10	1.4	0.0	1.8	14,250	6,295	7,960	1.2	1.2	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,035	465	570	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,145,550	532,215	613,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,320	15,640	11,685	2.4	2.9	1.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	305	135	165	29.5	29.0	28.9	138,760	59,130	79,630	12.1	11.1	13.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	50	25	25	4.8	5.4	4.4	40,690	20,075	20,615	3.6	3.8	3.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	75	30	45	7.2	6.5	7.9	71,860	33,525	38,335	6.3	6.3	6.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,145	2,030	3,110	0.4	0.4	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	600	270	330	58.0	58.1	57.9	861,775	401,815	459,965	75.2	75.5	75.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	10,725	5,180	5,545	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,005	430	575	9.4	8.3	10.4	1,689,490	810,165	879,325	34.4	33.5	35.2
South Asian	245	110	140	2.3	2.1	2.5	473,965	240,475	233,495	9.6	9.9	9.3
Chinese	110	45	65	1.0	0.9	1.2	550,590	257,590	293,000	11.2	10.7	11.7
Black	80	20	60	0.7	0.4	1.1	61,760	31,965	29,790	1.3	1.3	1.2
Filipino	190	75	110	1.8	1.4	2.0	174,280	76,070	98,210	3.5	3.1	3.9
Arab	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0	28,010	15,015	12,995	0.6	0.6	0.5
Latin American	90	40	50	0.8	0.8	0.9	65,970	31,960	34,015	1.3	1.3	1.4
Southeast Asian	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3	71,785	33,340	38,445	1.5	1.4	1.5
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	69,270	34,800	34,470	1.4	1.4	1.4
Korean	35	25	10	0.3	0.5	0.2	72,815	33,390	39,425	1.5	1.4	1.6
Japanese	130	45	85	1.2	0.9	1.5	44,120	18,335	25,790	0.9	0.8	1.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2	18,080	8,935	9,145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	55	25	30	0.5	0.5	0.5	58,840	28,295	30,540	1.2	1.2	1.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	9,720	4,750	4,970	90.6	91.7	89.6	3,226,450	1,606,725	1,619,730	65.6	66.5	64.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	10,725	5,180	5,545	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,890	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	830	420	405	7.7	8.1	7.3	459,320	236,305	223,015	9.3	9.8	8.9
English	3,390	1,610	1,785	31.6	31.1	32.2	1,019,250	499,340	519,910	20.7	20.7	20.8
Irish	2,210	1,000	1,205	20.6	19.3	21.7	627,920	297,705	330,215	12.8	12.3	13.2
Scottish	2,500	1,195	1,310	23.3	23.1	23.6	774,455	376,280	398,170	15.8	15.6	15.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,395	635	755	13.0	12.3	13.6	312,750	150,460	162,290	6.4	6.2	6.5
German	1,735	825	910	16.2	15.9	16.4	539,145	263,480	275,665	11.0	10.9	11.0
Chinese	115	50	65	1.1	1.0	1.2	517,805	242,015	275,785	10.5	10.0	11.0
Italian	800	395	405	7.5	7.6	7.3	162,485	81,275	81,205	3.3	3.4	3.2
Indian (India)	200	105	95	1.9	2.0	1.7	275,975	138,885	137,090	5.6	5.7	5.5
Ukrainian	615	315	300	5.7	6.1	5.4	210,100	102,030	108,065	4.3	4.2	4.3
Dutch	560	275	285	5.2	5.3	5.1	189,985	94,390	95,600	3.9	3.9	3.8
Polish	500	220	280	4.7	4.2	5.0	134,635	63,780	70,850	2.7	2.6	2.8
Québécois	40	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3	6,240	3,120	3,120	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	590	275	315	5.5	5.3	5.7	191,025	94,050	96,980	3.9	3.9	3.9
Filipino	205	90	115	1.9	1.7	2.1	172,915	75,990	96,930	3.5	3.1	3.9
French Canadian	100	45	50	0.9	0.9	0.9	39,930	19,400	20,535	0.8	0.8	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	180	115	65	1.7	2.2	1.2	82,175	42,475	39,700	1.7	1.8	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	175	60	115	1.6	1.2	2.1	105,005	51,270	53,735	2.1	2.1	2.2
Métis	245	150	95	2.3	2.9	1.7	85,205	41,265	43,930	1.7	1.7	1.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	450	230	220	4.2	4.4	4.0	102,475	51,755	50,715	2.1	2.1	2.0
Russian	585	310	275	5.5	6.0	5.0	121,755	58,460	63,295	2.5	2.4	2.5
Norwegian	385	160	225	3.6	3.1	4.1	137,170	65,790	71,385	2.8	2.7	2.9
Welsh	370	185	185	3.4	3.6	3.3	104,225	49,190	55,035	2.1	2.0	2.2
Portuguese	65	15	45	0.6	0.3	0.8	39,755	19,465	20,290	0.8	0.8	0.8
American	305	120	180	2.8	2.3	3.2	71,530	34,865	36,660	1.5	1.4	1.5
Spanish	75	25	50	0.7	0.5	0.9	54,365	25,030	29,335	1.1	1.0	1.2
Swedish	435	180	255	4.1	3.5	4.6	103,630	48,520	55,115	2.1	2.0	2.2
Hungarian	155	75	85	1.4	1.4	1.5	51,915	25,060	26,855	1.1	1.0	1.1
Acadian	40	0	35	0.4	0.0	0.6	7,025	3,455	3,575	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	19,050	9,780	9,275	0.4	0.4	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	30	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.5	18,520	9,370	9,150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	135	75	65	1.3	1.4	1.2	34,395	17,265	17,135	0.7	0.7	0.7
Punjabi	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4	93,395	47,650	45,740	1.9	2.0	1.8
Vietnamese	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3	51,890	24,430	27,455	1.1	1.0	1.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	12,590	6,755	5,840	0.3	0.3	0.2
Greek	75	35	35	0.7	0.7	0.6	23,300	11,910	11,390	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jamaican	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2	9,865	5,140	4,725	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	40	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4	47,650	22,170	25,480	1.0	0.9	1.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55	15	40	0.5	0.3	0.7	24,875	11,715	13,160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	40	35	10	0.4	0.7	0.2	72,025	33,110	38,915	1.5	1.4	1.6
Romanian	65	25	35	0.6	0.5	0.6	30,195	14,590	15,605	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	35	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.4	8,440	4,310	4,135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	30	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2	49,390	24,720	24,675	1.0	1.0	1.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,865	6,995	6,870	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	135	70	70	1.3	1.4	1.3	54,865	26,740	28,130	1.1	1.1	1.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2	24,140	11,670	12,470	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	69,100	35,355	33,750	1.4	1.5	1.4
Austrian	165	70	100	1.5	1.4	1.8	45,280	21,810	23,465	0.9	0.9	0.9
Belgian	60	15	45	0.6	0.3	0.8	19,505	9,395	10,110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,215	640	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,405	10,140	9,265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mexican	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4	28,445	14,140	14,305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mennonite	55	15	35	0.5	0.3	0.6	20,925	10,530	10,395	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	170	75	90	1.6	1.4	1.6	28,520	13,995	14,525	0.6	0.6	0.6
Finnish	145	70	75	1.4	1.4	1.4	33,680	16,290	17,390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,440	3,210	3,235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	40	25	15	0.4	0.5	0.3	23,750	11,645	12,100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	150	60	90	1.4	1.2	1.6	54,640	23,430	31,215	1.1	1.0	1.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,125	9,935	10,190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	35	25	10	0.3	0.5	0.2	4,840	2,340	2,500	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	55	15	35	0.5	0.3	0.6	30,950	14,970	15,980	0.6	0.6	0.6
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,220	4,150	4,065	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3	5,810	3,125	2,685	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,730	5,675	6,055	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,380	1,835	1,545	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	80	50	30	0.7	1.0	0.5	25,910	12,770	13,135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,315	3,555	3,760	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2	2,020	980	1,035	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	65	35	0.9	1.3	0.6	22,425	10,920	11,505	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,550	3,350	3,195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	2,420	1,240	1,180	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,605	4,725	4,875	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	4,515	2,250	2,260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,660	6,575	6,080	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ojibway	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2	5,145	2,565	2,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3	4,530	2,415	2,115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,020	14,470	15,550	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ontarian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	3,315	1,570	1,750	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,155	9,840	9,315	0.4	0.4	0.4
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,120	2,075	2,050	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0	8,070	4,185	3,895	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,120	1,005	1,110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,740	1,930	1,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0	915	545	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	50	30	15	0.5	0.6	0.3	12,435	6,005	6,430	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,110	2,075	2,040	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	30	25	10	0.3	0.5	0.2	4,040	2,075	1,960	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2	11,565	5,520	6,045	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	65	35	30	0.6	0.7	0.5	11,810	5,340	6,470	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,665	1,460	1,205	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0	37,530	17,430	20,100	0.8	0.7	0.8
Iraqi	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3	4,590	2,350	2,240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,580	3,285	3,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,640	805	830	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,735	5,070	5,670	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,140	2,630	2,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2	2,715	1,245	1,465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,880	965	915	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,855	835	1,025	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3	7,330	3,450	3,885	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0	13,965	6,930	7,035	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	65	25	40	0.6	0.5	0.7	18,505	9,575	8,925	0.4	0.4	0.4
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,750	1,470	1,280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3	6,220	3,100	3,125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,500	780	715	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,015	885	1,125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,720	1,275	1,440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2	5,295	2,430	2,870	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	35	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.5	4,260	1,975	2,285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,350	720	635	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,350	1,545	1,805	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	370	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,455	1,180	1,280	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2	2,750	1,340	1,420	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,235	605	630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	5,340	2,485	2,855	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3	7,865	3,860	4,005	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	875	430	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,670	1,335	1,340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,245	1,230	1,015	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,535	790	750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,645	1,850	1,800	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,355	1,205	1,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0	6,545	2,955	3,585	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,720	1,785	1,930	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,430	1,690	1,735	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,670	905	770	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,950	985	970	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,500	2,320	2,180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3	5,580	2,605	2,975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	550	285	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,285	2,660	2,625	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0	1,770	895	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,785	1,910	1,875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,835	810	1,025	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	70	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	45	10	35	0.4	0.2	0.6	4,860	2,450	2,415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,370	745	625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	220	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,415	1,320	1,095	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,440	3,890	4,550	0.2	0.2	0.2
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,485	1,160	1,320	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2	4,765	2,115	2,655	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,550	2,245	2,305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2	5,445	2,660	2,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3	20,450	10,360	10,085	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,135	545	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	155	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,625	1,260	1,365	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,695	2,200	2,495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,375	1,830	1,550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,120	7,710	8,410	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,370	4,345	4,025	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,695	1,480	1,210	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	445	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,745	2,120	3,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	860	415	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2	2,305	1,130	1,170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	415	285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	445	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,610	1,250	1,355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,025	505	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3	2,015	1,025	990	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	135	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,415	655	755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,285	640	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	40	15	30	0.4	0.3	0.5	7,840	3,965	3,875	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	460	485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	185	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0	1,655	660	995	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	5,420	2,535	2,885	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	715	360	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	450	330	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	205	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,890	1,400	1,490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,950	1,390	1,565	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	65	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	745	505	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,830	830	1,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	80	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	845	445	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	935	430	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	180	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,145	660	485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,890	880	1,010	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,160	565	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,215	1,050	1,165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	120	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	165	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	465	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,760	855	905	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	160	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	635	320	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	180	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	520	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	850	420	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,285	605	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,855	960	895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,500	760	740	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0	2,920	1,345	1,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	95	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	200	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,540	705	830	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	905	485	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,400	740	660	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2	935	495	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	465	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,625	1,255	1,370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	750	365	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	155	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	715	355	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,240	615	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,225	1,120	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,955	890	1,065	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	195	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,145	510	635	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	320	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	470	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	195	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	650	390	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,165	620	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	290	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	200	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	260	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	590	730	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	110	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	145	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	340	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,205	600	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,075	485	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	260	285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,630	1,165	1,460	0.1	0.0	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	520	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	335	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	165	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,095	570	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	10,725	5,180	5,545	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	150	45	105	1.4	0.9	1.9	83,860	35,040	48,825	1.7	1.4	2.0
Christian	2,675	1,170	1,500	24.9	22.6	27.1	1,684,870	766,705	918,165	34.3	31.7	36.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	410	180	230	3.8	3.5	4.1	434,920	203,070	231,850	8.8	8.4	9.3
Anabaptist	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4	21,275	10,210	11,065	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anglican	240	105	135	2.2	2.0	2.4	137,485	59,595	77,885	2.8	2.5	3.1
Baptist	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5	57,265	25,770	31,495	1.2	1.1	1.3
Catholic	1,035	495	540	9.7	9.6	9.7	588,140	272,340	315,805	12.0	11.3	12.6
Christian Orthodox	45	25	20	0.4	0.5	0.4	45,135	21,835	23,300	0.9	0.9	0.9
Jehovah's Witness	65	30	40	0.6	0.6	0.7	25,715	11,245	14,470	0.5	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	40	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4	12,875	5,795	7,075	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	65	25	40	0.6	0.5	0.7	46,395	20,205	26,185	0.9	0.8	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2	7,290	3,295	3,995	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	50	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.5	41,140	18,550	22,585	0.8	0.8	0.9
Presbyterian	105	55	45	1.0	1.1	0.8	28,040	12,260	15,780	0.6	0.5	0.6
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,455	6,050	6,400	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Church	375	120	255	3.5	2.3	4.6	129,000	51,815	77,185	2.6	2.1	3.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	145	55	90	1.4	1.1	1.6	97,745	44,660	53,085	2.0	1.8	2.1
Hindu	65	25	40	0.6	0.5	0.7	81,320	42,070	39,245	1.7	1.7	1.6
Jewish	115	45	70	1.1	0.9	1.3	26,850	12,980	13,870	0.5	0.5	0.6
Muslim	20	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0	125,915	63,375	62,535	2.6	2.6	2.5
Sikh	70	30	40	0.7	0.6	0.7	290,870	145,740	145,130	5.9	6.0	5.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0	11,570	5,495	6,075	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	205	105	105	1.9	2.0	1.9	51,440	20,890	30,555	1.0	0.9	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	7,415	3,740	3,675	69.1	72.2	66.3	2,559,250	1,324,585	1,234,660	52.1	54.8	49.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	10,645	5,135	5,510	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,875,955	2,396,280	2,479,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	8,820	4,195	4,625	82.9	81.7	83.9	4,169,710	2,050,165	2,119,540	85.5	85.6	85.5
Movers	1,825	940	890	17.1	18.3	16.2	706,245	346,115	360,130	14.5	14.4	14.5
Non-migrants	1,055	520	535	9.9	10.1	9.7	395,215	193,080	202,135	8.1	8.1	8.2
Migrants	775	420	355	7.3	8.2	6.4	311,030	153,035	157,990	6.4	6.4	6.4
Internal migrants	650	350	300	6.1	6.8	5.4	251,245	123,785	127,455	5.2	5.2	5.1
Intraprovincial migrants	345	175	175	3.2	3.4	3.2	187,990	92,090	95,900	3.9	3.8	3.9
Interprovincial migrants	300	180	125	2.8	3.5	2.3	63,250	31,695	31,555	1.3	1.3	1.3
External migrants	130	75	55	1.2	1.5	1.0	59,785	29,250	30,535	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	10,290	4,950	5,345	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,699,740	2,305,755	2,393,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	5,355	2,500	2,855	52.0	50.5	53.4	2,639,500	1,292,175	1,347,330	56.2	56.0	56.3
Movers	4,935	2,450	2,490	48.0	49.5	46.6	2,060,245	1,013,590	1,046,655	43.8	44.0	43.7
Non-migrants	1,600	830	770	15.5	16.8	14.4	757,040	372,900	384,135	16.1	16.2	16.0
Migrants	3,335	1,615	1,720	32.4	32.6	32.2	1,303,200	640,680	662,520	27.7	27.8	27.7
Internal migrants	2,635	1,275	1,360	25.6	25.8	25.4	1,016,025	498,920	517,105	21.6	21.6	21.6
Intraprovincial migrants	1,720	800	920	16.7	16.2	17.2	799,455	390,525	408,935	17.0	16.9	17.1
Interprovincial migrants	915	475	445	8.9	9.6	8.3	216,565	108,395	108,170	4.6	4.7	4.5
External migrants	700	340	360	6.8	6.9	6.7	287,175	141,765	145,415	6.1	6.1	6.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,185	4,405	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,025	510	510	11.2	11.6	10.7	643,330	341,470	301,860	15.3	16.7	14.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	8,165	3,890	4,275	88.9	88.3	89.4	3,557,095	1,706,925	1,850,170	84.7	83.3	86.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,095	2,975	3,125	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,691,860	1,313,265	1,378,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	310	180	135	5.1	6.1	4.3	259,010	148,785	110,220	9.6	11.3	8.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	5,785	2,790	2,990	94.9	93.8	95.7	2,432,850	1,164,475	1,268,375	90.4	88.7	92.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,185	4,405	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	910	450	460	9.9	10.2	9.6	565,665	292,000	273,665	13.5	14.3	12.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,185	1,145	1,040	23.8	26.0	21.8	1,238,000	610,685	627,320	29.5	29.8	29.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,090	2,810	3,280	66.3	63.8	68.6	2,396,755	1,145,715	1,251,040	57.1	55.9	58.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,950	1,410	1,540	32.1	32.0	32.2	1,197,050	598,425	598,620	28.5	29.2	27.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	715	495	225	7.8	11.2	4.7	323,635	243,815	79,815	7.7	11.9	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	280	125	155	3.0	2.8	3.2	133,020	78,330	54,685	3.2	3.8	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	435	365	70	4.7	8.3	1.5	190,615	165,490	25,130	4.5	8.1	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,880	765	1,115	20.5	17.4	23.3	711,810	289,555	422,255	16.9	14.1	19.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	355	145	205	3.9	3.3	4.3	161,600	65,055	96,545	3.8	3.2	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,140	1,400	1,740	34.2	31.8	36.4	1,199,710	547,285	652,420	28.6	26.7	30.3
Bachelor's degree	2,075	965	1,110	22.6	21.9	23.2	775,145	347,145	427,995	18.5	16.9	19.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	190	75	110	2.1	1.7	2.3	84,000	34,915	49,085	2.0	1.7	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	40	40	0.8	0.9	0.8	32,985	18,045	14,945	0.8	0.9	0.7
Master's degree	700	275	425	7.6	6.2	8.9	264,145	121,485	142,660	6.3	5.9	6.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	100	45	55	1.1	1.0	1.2	43,440	25,700	17,740	1.0	1.3	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,095	2,970	3,125	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,691,860	1,313,260	1,378,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	245	145	105	4.0	4.9	3.4	216,660	122,720	93,935	8.0	9.3	6.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,285	690	595	21.1	23.2	19.0	694,785	358,700	336,090	25.8	27.3	24.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,565	2,140	2,425	74.9	72.1	77.6	1,780,415	831,840	948,575	66.1	63.3	68.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,105	1,045	1,065	34.5	35.2	34.1	838,680	416,930	421,745	31.2	31.7	30.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	485	335	145	8.0	11.3	4.6	217,350	164,860	52,495	8.1	12.6	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	190	80	115	3.1	2.7	3.7	88,765	52,645	36,115	3.3	4.0	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	300	260	35	4.9	8.8	1.1	128,590	112,210	16,375	4.8	8.5	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,375	585	795	22.6	19.7	25.4	507,405	206,015	301,390	18.8	15.7	21.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	245	125	125	4.0	4.2	4.0	113,915	46,055	67,865	4.2	3.5	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,455	1,095	1,360	40.3	36.9	43.5	941,735	414,910	526,830	35.0	31.6	38.2
Bachelor's degree	1,655	785	870	27.2	26.4	27.8	610,735	267,470	343,270	22.7	20.4	24.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	140	55	85	2.3	1.9	2.7	63,310	25,280	38,030	2.4	1.9	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	60	25	35	1.0	0.8	1.1	24,675	11,985	12,690	0.9	0.9	0.9
Master's degree	525	195	330	8.6	6.6	10.6	212,745	93,655	119,090	7.9	7.1	8.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70	35	40	1.1	1.2	1.3	30,275	16,520	13,755	1.1	1.3	1.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,185	4,400	4,785	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,390	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,095	1,595	1,500	33.7	36.3	31.3	1,803,665	902,685	900,990	42.9	44.1	41.9
Education	420	130	290	4.6	3.0	6.1	158,060	37,395	120,670	3.8	1.8	5.6
13. Education	420	130	290	4.6	3.0	6.1	158,060	37,395	120,670	3.8	1.8	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	415	150	260	4.5	3.4	5.4	109,100	46,770	62,330	2.6	2.3	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	20	10	0.3	0.5	0.2	13,390	9,570	3,815	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	390	135	250	4.2	3.1	5.2	95,715	37,200	58,510	2.3	1.8	2.7
Humanities	395	160	235	4.3	3.6	4.9	143,340	55,460	87,875	3.4	2.7	4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.5	16,850	3,705	13,145	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	150	60	90	1.6	1.4	1.9	35,465	10,360	25,105	0.8	0.5	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95	15	80	1.0	0.3	1.7	48,620	19,020	29,605	1.2	0.9	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2	2,860	1,075	1,780	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	20	0	0.3	0.5	0.0	7,705	4,630	3,075	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	20	10	0.3	0.5	0.2	12,220	7,385	4,835	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	65	40	20	0.7	0.9	0.4	16,035	8,595	7,450	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,580	695	2,880	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	735	250	485	8.0	5.7	10.1	288,970	102,380	186,590	6.9	5.0	8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3	5,140	1,360	3,780	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	110	30	80	1.2	0.7	1.7	31,375	11,580	19,795	0.7	0.6	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	100	10	95	1.1	0.2	2.0	39,140	3,530	35,610	0.9	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	100	40	55	1.1	0.9	1.1	44,255	15,575	28,680	1.1	0.8	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3	6,625	2,525	4,105	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	120	45	75	1.3	1.0	1.6	52,080	13,955	38,125	1.2	0.7	1.8
45. Social sciences	270	115	155	2.9	2.6	3.2	110,350	53,860	56,495	2.6	2.6	2.6
Business, management and public administration	1,145	465	680	12.5	10.6	14.2	493,290	201,060	292,230	11.7	9.8	13.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	220	425	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	140	20	120	1.5	0.5	2.5	30,855	6,685	24,175	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,005	450	555	10.9	10.2	11.6	461,790	194,160	267,625	11.0	9.5	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	265	135	125	2.9	3.1	2.6	106,515	54,495	52,015	2.5	2.7	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	135	50	80	1.5	1.1	1.7	44,910	19,580	25,330	1.1	1.0	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	25	20	0.5	0.6	0.4	25,655	12,030	13,620	0.6	0.6	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,880	665	1,220	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	80	60	25	0.9	1.4	0.5	30,600	21,085	9,515	0.7	1.0	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,470	1,140	2,330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	200	120	80	2.2	2.7	1.7	105,555	69,245	36,310	2.5	3.4	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	125	90	40	1.4	2.0	0.8	83,795	58,985	24,810	2.0	2.9	1.2
25. Library science	45	10	35	0.5	0.2	0.7	6,145	865	5,280	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	25	0	0.3	0.6	0.0	13,030	7,715	5,320	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,580	1,680	900	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	975	850	115	10.6	19.3	2.4	458,590	409,460	49,135	10.9	20.0	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	90	50	40	1.0	1.1	0.8	19,025	11,490	7,535	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	205	170	30	2.2	3.9	0.6	119,995	96,730	23,260	2.9	4.7	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	145	130	15	1.6	3.0	0.3	83,585	73,495	10,085	2.0	3.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	45	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	270	260	10	2.9	5.9	0.2	104,445	101,120	3,325	2.5	4.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	160	150	10	1.7	3.4	0.2	86,325	83,625	2,700	2.1	4.1	0.1
48. Precision production	95	95	0	1.0	2.2	0.0	45,110	42,955	2,150	1.1	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	305	165	145	3.3	3.8	3.0	60,510	33,885	26,625	1.4	1.7	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	85	55	30	0.9	1.3	0.6	31,920	15,075	16,845	0.8	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	220	110	110	2.4	2.5	2.3	28,595	18,815	9,775	0.7	0.9	0.5
Health and related fields	960	230	730	10.5	5.2	15.3	350,930	73,605	277,325	8.4	3.6	12.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	145	65	80	1.6	1.5	1.7	27,000	13,530	13,470	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	795	155	640	8.7	3.5	13.4	312,980	53,940	259,035	7.5	2.6	12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	175	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2	10,230	5,960	4,270	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	275	145	135	3.0	3.3	2.8	121,210	61,715	59,495	2.9	3.0	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	200	80	125	2.2	1.8	2.6	76,425	24,575	51,850	1.8	1.2	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	435	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,025	930	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	35	30	0	0.4	0.7	0.0	15,820	11,280	4,540	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	40	35	0	0.4	0.8	0.0	27,425	24,490	2,935	0.7	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	685	235	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	6,095	2,970	3,125	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,691,865	1,313,265	1,378,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,535	830	700	25.2	27.9	22.4	911,450	481,425	430,025	33.9	36.7	31.2
Education	250	85	170	4.1	2.9	5.4	99,640	21,315	78,320	3.7	1.6	5.7
13. Education	250	85	170	4.1	2.9	5.4	99,640	21,315	78,320	3.7	1.6	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	335	115	225	5.5	3.9	7.2	85,350	36,335	49,005	3.2	2.8	3.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3	9,815	6,950	2,860	0.4	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	320	105	215	5.3	3.5	6.9	75,530	29,385	46,145	2.8	2.2	3.3
Humanities	275	110	165	4.5	3.7	5.3	103,360	38,515	64,845	3.8	2.9	4.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.5	12,735	2,545	10,190	0.5	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	125	45	75	2.1	1.5	2.4	25,770	7,190	18,580	1.0	0.5	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75	10	65	1.2	0.3	2.1	35,310	13,320	21,990	1.3	1.0	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,895	745	1,150	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0	5,780	3,440	2,335	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	15	0	0.2	0.5	0.0	7,845	4,740	3,105	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	25	25	0	0.4	0.8	0.0	11,615	6,050	5,565	0.4	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,410	480	1,930	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	580	200	385	9.5	6.7	12.3	226,805	76,655	150,150	8.4	5.8	10.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3	4,220	1,075	3,145	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	95	30	60	1.6	1.0	1.9	26,730	9,590	17,150	1.0	0.7	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	85	10	75	1.4	0.3	2.4	29,960	2,705	27,260	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	70	30	40	1.1	1.0	1.3	34,935	10,780	24,150	1.3	0.8	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5	5,150	1,960	3,185	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	80	25	50	1.3	0.8	1.6	39,250	9,600	29,645	1.5	0.7	2.2
45. Social sciences	225	95	135	3.7	3.2	4.3	86,555	40,945	45,615	3.2	3.1	3.3
Business, management and public administration	840	380	460	13.8	12.8	14.7	379,485	152,040	227,445	14.1	11.6	16.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	445	140	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	100	15	80	1.6	0.5	2.6	22,625	4,535	18,095	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	745	365	380	12.2	12.3	12.2	356,415	147,365	209,055	13.2	11.2	15.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	215	110	105	3.5	3.7	3.4	77,340	37,350	39,990	2.9	2.8	2.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	40	65	1.6	1.3	2.1	33,945	14,030	19,915	1.3	1.1	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	25	20	0.7	0.8	0.6	18,520	8,355	10,165	0.7	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,545	520	1,030	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	65	45	25	1.1	1.5	0.8	21,390	13,835	7,555	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,935	610	1,330	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	150	100	50	2.5	3.4	1.6	87,185	58,400	28,785	3.2	4.4	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	100	70	30	1.6	2.4	1.0	72,700	51,710	20,995	2.7	3.9	1.5
25. Library science	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5	3,600	540	3,060	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	20	0	0.3	0.7	0.0	8,865	4,890	3,975	0.3	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,010	1,265	755	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	750	645	105	12.3	21.7	3.4	327,735	286,655	41,080	12.2	21.8	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	75	40	40	1.2	1.3	1.3	14,690	8,220	6,480	0.5	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	175	140	35	2.9	4.7	1.1	93,760	73,350	20,400	3.5	5.6	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	120	105	15	2.0	3.5	0.5	57,590	49,650	7,940	2.1	3.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	35	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	190	185	0	3.1	6.2	0.0	74,045	71,450	2,595	2.8	5.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	110	100	10	1.8	3.4	0.3	57,950	55,995	1,950	2.2	4.3	0.1
48. Precision production	70	70	0	1.1	2.4	0.0	29,605	27,965	1,640	1.1	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	250	130	120	4.1	4.4	3.8	45,705	23,930	21,775	1.7	1.8	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	55	35	20	0.9	1.2	0.6	23,700	10,410	13,290	0.9	0.8	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	195	95	100	3.2	3.2	3.2	22,005	13,520	8,485	0.8	1.0	0.6
Health and related fields	685	160	530	11.2	5.4	17.0	258,665	55,710	202,960	9.6	4.2	14.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	125	55	70	2.1	1.9	2.2	20,980	10,585	10,395	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	550	100	445	9.0	3.4	14.2	229,855	41,240	188,620	8.5	3.1	13.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	90	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3	7,245	3,790	3,455	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	230	115	115	3.8	3.9	3.7	88,615	44,750	43,865	3.3	3.4	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	170	70	100	2.8	2.4	3.2	56,165	18,390	37,775	2.1	1.4	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	240	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	410	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	20	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0	12,270	8,530	3,740	0.5	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	35	30	0	0.6	1.0	0.0	19,425	17,180	2,240	0.7	1.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	180	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	6,095	2,970	3,125	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,691,865	1,313,265	1,378,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,535	830	700	25.2	27.9	22.4	911,450	481,425	430,025	33.9	36.7	31.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	4,560	2,140	2,420	74.8	72.1	77.4	1,780,415	831,835	948,580	66.1	63.3	68.8
Location of study inside Canada	3,725	1,735	1,985	61.1	58.4	63.5	1,316,405	622,255	694,150	48.9	47.4	50.4
Same as province or territory of residence	2,225	1,045	1,185	36.5	35.2	37.9	1,029,000	480,420	548,580	38.2	36.6	39.8
Different than province or territory of residence	1,495	690	805	24.5	23.2	25.8	287,405	141,835	145,570	10.7	10.8	10.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	840	405	435	13.8	13.6	13.9	464,010	209,580	254,430	17.2	16.0	18.5
Americas	270	140	130	4.4	4.7	4.2	84,155	40,735	43,420	3.1	3.1	3.1
United States of America	225	130	100	3.7	4.4	3.2	57,255	28,610	28,650	2.1	2.2	2.1
Mexico	20	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3	8,850	3,950	4,895	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	150	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	290	365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	8,395	3,865	4,530	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,315	1,005	1,310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	345	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	815	345	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.5	4,590	2,160	2,430	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	265	135	130	4.3	4.5	4.2	92,195	46,985	45,210	3.4	3.6	3.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	755	430	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	30	0	20	0.5	0.0	0.6	5,075	2,645	2,425	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	15	15	10	0.2	0.5	0.3	5,805	2,975	2,830	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	20	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3	2,315	1,265	1,055	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	1,915	905	1,010	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	430	515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	200	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,960	1,320	1,645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,515	1,720	1,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,880	2,560	3,325	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,345	1,945	2,395	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,665	3,255	2,410	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130	80	55	2.1	2.7	1.8	38,270	20,230	18,040	1.4	1.5	1.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	840	410	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3	1,610	890	720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,565	845	720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	30	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5	10,275	4,955	5,320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,250	6,465	5,785	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,315	690	630	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	85	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	255	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	75	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,490	800	690	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,860	3,055	2,800	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,825	1,510	1,315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	235	95	145	3.9	3.2	4.6	258,905	106,700	152,210	9.6	8.1	11.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,325	7,150	9,175	0.6	0.5	0.7
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,465	830	635	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,345	690	660	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	550	260	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	805	405	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,680	995	680	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	59,350	24,555	34,795	2.2	1.9	2.5
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3	8,905	2,985	5,915	0.3	0.2	0.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,025	2,820	4,210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japan	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3	8,185	1,960	6,230	0.3	0.1	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	19,605	7,220	12,385	0.7	0.5	0.9
Philippines	90	40	50	1.5	1.3	1.6	55,140	20,255	34,880	2.0	1.5	2.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,145	625	1,520	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,135	485	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	975	480	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	90	35	50	1.5	1.2	1.6	60,565	28,910	31,655	2.2	2.2	2.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,935	1,855	2,080	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,780	4,215	5,565	0.4	0.3	0.4
Oceania	65	30	30	1.1	1.0	1.0	16,505	8,700	7,810	0.6	0.7	0.6
Australia	45	30	15	0.7	1.0	0.5	12,315	6,385	5,930	0.5	0.5	0.4
New Zealand	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5	3,340	1,855	1,485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	465	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	9,185	4,405	4,780	...	...	...	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	...	...	...
In the labour force	6,225	3,110	3,115	...	...	...	2,657,275	1,378,375	1,278,900	...	...	...
Employed	5,635	2,800	2,835	...	...	...	2,433,600	1,264,715	1,168,885	...	...	...
Unemployed	590	310	280	...	...	...	223,675	113,655	110,015	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	2,955	1,285	1,670	...	...	...	1,543,145	670,020	873,130	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.8	70.6	65.2	67.8	70.6	65.2	63.3	67.3	59.4	63.3	67.3	59.4
Employment rate	61.4	63.6	59.3	61.4	63.6	59.3	57.9	61.7	54.3	57.9	61.7	54.3
Unemployment rate	9.5	10.0	9.0	9.5	10.0	9.0	8.4	8.2	8.6	8.4	8.2	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	9,185	4,400	4,785	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,390	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	2,955	1,310	1,640	32.2	29.8	34.3	1,563,830	685,205	878,625	37.2	33.5	40.8
Worked	6,230	3,095	3,145	67.8	70.3	65.7	2,636,595	1,363,185	1,273,410	62.8	66.5	59.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	2,500	1,380	1,125	27.2	31.4	23.5	1,350,335	768,255	582,080	32.1	37.5	27.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	3,730	1,710	2,015	40.6	38.9	42.1	1,286,260	594,930	691,330	30.6	29.0	32.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.6	39.8	39.4	39.6	39.8	39.4	40.9	41.8	39.9	40.9	41.8	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	6,230	3,115	3,115	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	120	70	55	1.9	2.2	1.8	54,165	26,325	27,835	2.0	1.9	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	6,105	3,045	3,060	98.0	97.8	98.2	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060	98.0	98.1	97.8
Employee	4,715	2,240	2,470	75.7	71.9	79.3	2,144,475	1,076,150	1,068,330	80.7	78.1	83.5
Permanent position	3,670	1,720	1,955	58.9	55.2	62.8	1,788,175	913,100	875,070	67.3	66.2	68.4
Temporary position	1,035	520	520	16.6	16.7	16.7	356,305	163,045	193,255	13.4	11.8	15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	260	115	145	4.2	3.7	4.7	116,190	53,010	63,190	4.4	3.8	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	775	410	370	12.4	13.2	11.9	240,110	110,035	130,070	9.0	8.0	10.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,395	805	595	22.4	25.8	19.1	458,635	275,905	182,735	17.3	20.0	14.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	6,230	3,115	3,115	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	120	70	55	1.9	2.2	1.8	54,165	26,325	27,835	2.0	1.9	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	6,105	3,045	3,060	98.0	97.8	98.2	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060	98.0	98.1	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	50	40	10	0.8	1.3	0.3	32,255	22,375	9,885	1.2	1.6	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	870	225	645	14.0	7.2	20.7	446,160	137,765	308,395	16.8	10.0	24.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	615	425	185	9.9	13.6	5.9	209,185	158,605	50,580	7.9	11.5	4.0
3 Health occupations	480	130	350	7.7	4.2	11.2	199,185	43,765	155,415	7.5	3.2	12.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	780	235	545	12.5	7.5	17.5	309,360	103,155	206,205	11.6	7.5	16.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	360	160	200	5.8	5.1	6.4	110,585	52,240	58,340	4.2	3.8	4.6
6 Sales and service occupations	1,720	760	955	27.6	24.4	30.7	666,705	293,530	373,180	25.1	21.3	29.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	890	830	65	14.3	26.6	2.1	469,450	425,905	43,545	17.7	30.9	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	230	165	65	3.7	5.3	2.1	72,075	51,750	20,325	2.7	3.8	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	115	75	45	1.8	2.4	1.4	88,155	62,965	25,185	3.3	4.6	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	6,230	3,115	3,115	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	120	70	55	1.9	2.2	1.8	54,165	26,325	27,835	2.0	1.9	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	6,105	3,045	3,060	98.0	97.8	98.2	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060	98.0	98.1	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	175	125	55	2.8	4.0	1.8	60,320	38,580	21,735	2.3	2.8	1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	45	40	0	0.7	1.3	0.0	24,955	20,610	4,350	0.9	1.5	0.3
22 Utilities	35	30	0	0.6	1.0	0.0	14,820	10,765	4,050	0.6	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	585	520	65	9.4	16.7	2.1	234,345	201,185	33,155	8.8	14.6	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	200	115	80	3.2	3.7	2.6	152,790	107,750	45,035	5.7	7.8	3.5
41 Wholesale trade	60	30	30	1.0	1.0	1.0	80,165	53,130	27,035	3.0	3.9	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	850	375	470	13.6	12.0	15.1	301,060	142,230	158,830	11.3	10.3	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	130	100	30	2.1	3.2	1.0	142,230	108,095	34,135	5.4	7.8	2.7
51 Information and cultural industries	95	40	50	1.5	1.3	1.6	71,295	43,800	27,495	2.7	3.2	2.1
52 Finance and insurance	120	45	75	1.9	1.4	2.4	95,560	41,275	54,290	3.6	3.0	4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	90	55	35	1.4	1.8	1.1	59,155	31,515	27,640	2.2	2.3	2.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	585	340	245	9.4	10.9	7.9	238,650	131,495	107,150	9.0	9.5	8.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	5,785	2,740	3,040	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	225	125	100	3.6	4.0	3.2	110,215	62,865	47,350	4.1	4.6	3.7
61 Educational services	545	180	365	8.7	5.8	11.7	192,855	62,310	130,545	7.3	4.5	10.2
62 Health care and social assistance	830	210	620	13.3	6.7	19.9	319,525	64,150	255,375	12.0	4.7	20.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	235	140	95	3.8	4.5	3.0	60,775	30,215	30,560	2.3	2.2	2.4
72 Accommodation and food services	645	270	370	10.4	8.7	11.9	182,105	78,435	103,670	6.9	5.7	8.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	285	100	190	4.6	3.2	6.1	113,780	50,100	63,680	4.3	3.6	5.0
91 Public administration	370	200	170	5.9	6.4	5.5	142,730	70,795	71,940	5.4	5.1	5.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	6,620	3,295	3,325	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	6,480	3,250	3,230	97.9	98.6	97.1	2,617,625	1,354,690	1,262,935	91.7	92.0	91.3
French	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3	3,090	850	2,240	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	52,925	27,750	25,180	1.9	1.9	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	52,790	27,690	25,100	1.8	1.9	1.8
English and French	75	20	60	1.1	0.6	1.8	21,550	8,765	12,785	0.8	0.6	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5	154,255	76,820	77,440	5.4	5.2	5.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	2,520	1,160	1,360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,840	2,000	1,840	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	6,620	3,295	3,325	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	6,610	3,290	3,320	99.8	99.8	99.8	2,820,225	1,453,980	1,366,250	98.8	98.8	98.7
Official languages	6,605	3,285	3,320	99.8	99.7	99.8	2,726,710	1,405,545	1,321,160	95.5	95.5	95.5
English	6,580	3,275	3,300	99.4	99.4	99.2	2,720,275	1,403,805	1,316,470	95.3	95.4	95.1
French	25	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.6	6,430	1,740	4,690	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	93,520	48,430	45,090	3.3	3.3	3.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	85	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	50	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	93,230	48,340	44,890	3.3	3.3	3.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	320	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	320	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	250	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,720	1,070	1,645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,695	1,060	1,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	430	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	335	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,820	18,165	12,655	1.1	1.2	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	915	350	565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	350	555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	245	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	310	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	200	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	180	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,450	15,470	9,980	0.9	1.1	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,425	14,315	9,115	0.8	1.0	0.7
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	310	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,730	13,945	8,785	0.8	0.9	0.6
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,020	1,155	865	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,985	1,135	855	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	75	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,710	940	770	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	120	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,675	1,975	1,700	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	245	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,940	1,645	1,300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,015	695	1,320	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,855	3,485	3,370	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	105	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	95	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	48,730	23,930	24,800	1.7	1.6	1.8
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	48,670	23,890	24,780	1.7	1.6	1.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,465	13,710	14,755	1.0	0.9	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,865	10,015	9,855	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	65	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	60	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	35,660	18,080	17,585	1.2	1.2	1.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,470	970	1,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,195	16,590	15,610	1.1	1.1	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	825	445	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	6,620	3,295	3,325	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	6,510	3,260	3,250	98.3	98.9	97.7	2,703,945	1,398,765	1,305,180	94.7	95.0	94.3
English	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3	36,055	17,805	18,250	1.3	1.2	1.3
French	65	15	50	1.0	0.5	1.5	16,140	7,125	9,020	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	30	15	10	0.5	0.5	0.3	79,300	38,900	40,400	2.8	2.6	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,320	470	850	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	30	15	10	0.5	0.5	0.3	77,980	38,430	39,550	2.7	2.6	2.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,745	2,165	2,580	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,945	860	1,085	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,685	6,410	7,275	0.5	0.4	0.5
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	5,635	2,800	2,840	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,433,600	1,264,715	1,168,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,215	510	705	21.6	18.2	24.8	549,845	262,840	287,005	22.6	20.8	24.6
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0	10,065	6,785	3,275	0.4	0.5	0.3
No fixed workplace address	870	670	200	15.4	23.9	7.0	373,475	277,860	95,615	15.3	22.0	8.2
Usual place of work	3,550	1,615	1,940	63.0	57.7	68.3	1,500,215	717,240	782,980	61.6	56.7	67.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	3,550	1,610	1,935	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,500,215	717,235	782,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,930	1,255	1,675	82.5	78.0	86.6	774,620	341,895	432,725	51.6	47.7	55.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	425	235	190	12.0	14.6	9.8	638,825	322,890	315,940	42.6	45.0	40.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	95	70	25	2.7	4.3	1.3	77,845	46,415	31,440	5.2	6.5	4.0
Commute to a different province or territory	95	45	45	2.7	2.8	2.3	8,920	6,040	2,875	0.6	0.8	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	4,415	2,280	2,135	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,873,690	995,095	878,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	2,880	1,595	1,285	65.2	70.0	60.2	1,497,765	824,995	672,775	79.9	82.9	76.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	2,590	1,500	1,095	58.7	65.8	51.3	1,376,410	775,555	600,865	73.5	77.9	68.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	290	100	195	6.6	4.4	9.1	121,350	49,440	71,910	6.5	5.0	8.2
Public transit	85	40	50	1.9	1.8	2.3	174,045	72,290	101,750	9.3	7.3	11.6
Walked	1,045	415	625	23.7	18.2	29.3	121,550	51,185	70,360	6.5	5.1	8.0
Bicycle	250	145	105	5.7	6.4	4.9	36,790	22,990	13,800	2.0	2.3	1.6
Other method	155	80	75	3.5	3.5	3.5	43,535	23,635	19,900	2.3	2.4	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	4,415	2,280	2,135	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,873,690	995,095	878,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	2,620	1,225	1,395	59.3	53.7	65.3	595,470	276,270	319,200	31.8	27.8	36.3
15 to 29 minutes	1,040	570	470	23.6	25.0	22.0	637,130	333,835	303,295	34.0	33.5	34.5
30 to 44 minutes	485	300	190	11.0	13.2	8.9	369,645	216,975	152,670	19.7	21.8	17.4
45 to 59 minutes	150	95	55	3.4	4.2	2.6	137,115	81,460	55,655	7.3	8.2	6.3
60 minutes and over	115	95	25	2.6	4.2	1.2	134,330	86,550	47,780	7.2	8.7	5.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	4,415	2,280	2,135	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,873,690	995,095	878,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	150	100	55	3.4	4.4	2.6	125,470	91,685	33,785	6.7	9.2	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	545	350	190	12.3	15.4	8.9	298,120	192,650	105,460	15.9	19.4	12.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,110	645	465	25.1	28.3	21.8	449,315	237,080	212,235	24.0	23.8	24.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,380	640	745	31.3	28.1	34.9	418,635	186,225	232,415	22.3	18.7	26.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	690	270	425	15.6	11.8	19.9	303,745	133,880	169,865	16.2	13.5	19.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	535	275	260	12.1	12.1	12.2	278,405	153,580	124,825	14.9	15.4	14.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	1,935	980	955	100.0	100.0	100.0	884,130	455,675	428,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	275	145	135	14.2	14.8	14.1	55,575	28,115	27,465	6.3	6.2	6.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,660	840	820	85.8	85.7	85.9	828,550	427,565	400,990	93.7	93.8	93.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,470	745	725	100.0	100.0	100.0	651,050	336,315	314,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	210	110	100	14.3	14.8	13.8	43,010	21,805	21,205	6.6	6.5	6.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	140	75	65	9.5	10.1	9.0	23,960	11,755	12,205	3.7	3.5	3.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	75	40	35	5.1	5.4	4.8	19,050	10,050	8,995	2.9	3.0	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,260	635	630	85.7	85.2	86.9	608,040	314,500	293,535	93.4	93.5	93.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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