Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Edmonton, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision] Remove						AlbertaMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Rates			Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,010,899	...	...	...	...	...	4,262,635	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	933,088^r	...	...	...	...	...	4,067,175	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.3	...	...	8.3	...	...	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	428,857	...	...	...	...	...	1,772,670	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	396,404	...	...	...	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,320.4	...	...	1,320.4	...	...	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	765.61	...	...	...	...	...	634,658.27	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,010,900	503,035	507,860	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,262,635	2,127,935	2,134,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	184,115	94,365	89,750	18.2	18.8	17.7	809,640	415,870	393,770	19.0	19.5	18.4
0 to 4 years	61,410	31,570	29,840	6.1	6.3	5.9	250,250	128,560	121,690	5.9	6.0	5.7
5 to 9 years	62,955	32,095	30,860	6.2	6.4	6.1	278,810	142,850	135,955	6.5	6.7	6.4
10 to 14 years	59,745	30,695	29,050	5.9	6.1	5.7	280,585	144,460	136,120	6.6	6.8	6.4
15 to 64 years	688,325	345,640	342,690	68.1	68.7	67.5	2,823,770	1,416,910	1,406,865	66.2	66.6	65.9
15 to 19 years	54,355	27,980	26,375	5.4	5.6	5.2	249,765	128,745	121,015	5.9	6.1	5.7
20 to 24 years	67,195	34,240	32,950	6.6	6.8	6.5	248,740	128,595	120,150	5.8	6.0	5.6
25 to 29 years	77,830	38,920	38,910	7.7	7.7	7.7	275,465	138,510	136,955	6.5	6.5	6.4
30 to 34 years	87,660	43,820	43,835	8.7	8.7	8.6	323,260	160,175	163,085	7.6	7.5	7.6
35 to 39 years	85,980	43,125	42,850	8.5	8.6	8.4	338,945	168,390	170,560	8.0	7.9	8.0
40 to 44 years	73,985	37,440	36,545	7.3	7.4	7.2	307,665	153,715	153,955	7.2	7.2	7.2
45 to 49 years	63,865	31,980	31,890	6.3	6.4	6.3	277,770	139,705	138,065	6.5	6.6	6.5
50 to 54 years	59,200	29,750	29,445	5.9	5.9	5.8	262,770	131,650	131,120	6.2	6.2	6.1
55 to 59 years	60,185	29,850	30,340	6.0	5.9	6.0	274,150	135,825	138,325	6.4	6.4	6.5
60 to 64 years	58,080	28,535	29,540	5.7	5.7	5.8	265,240	131,600	133,640	6.2	6.2	6.3
65 years and over	138,460	63,035	75,420	13.7	12.5	14.9	629,220	295,155	334,070	14.8	13.9	15.6
65 to 69 years	47,520	23,050	24,470	4.7	4.6	4.8	217,270	106,975	110,295	5.1	5.0	5.2
70 to 74 years	34,995	16,595	18,395	3.5	3.3	3.6	163,890	79,150	84,735	3.8	3.7	4.0
75 to 79 years	22,215	9,900	12,310	2.2	2.0	2.4	105,520	49,860	55,660	2.5	2.3	2.6
80 to 84 years	15,870	6,835	9,035	1.6	1.4	1.8	70,160	31,510	38,650	1.6	1.5	1.8
85 years and over	17,865	6,650	11,210	1.8	1.3	2.2	72,375	27,660	44,720	1.7	1.3	2.1
85 to 89 years	10,790	4,310	6,480	1.1	0.9	1.3	44,670	18,540	26,130	1.0	0.9	1.2
90 to 94 years	5,350	1,920	3,430	0.5	0.4	0.7	21,430	7,545	13,890	0.5	0.4	0.7
95 to 99 years	1,500	370	1,130	0.1	0.1	0.2	5,480	1,405	4,075	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	220	50	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	170	625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.2	18.8	17.7	18.2	18.8	17.7	19.0	19.5	18.4	19.0	19.5	18.4
15 to 64 years	68.1	68.7	67.5	68.1	68.7	67.5	66.2	66.6	65.9	66.2	66.6	65.9
65 years and over	13.7	12.5	14.9	13.7	12.5	14.9	14.8	13.9	15.6	14.8	13.9	15.6
85 years and over	1.8	1.3	2.2	1.8	1.3	2.2	1.7	1.3	2.1	1.7	1.3	2.1
Average age of the population	38.4	37.6	39.1	38.4	37.6	39.1	39.0	38.4	39.7	39.0	38.4	39.7
Median age of the population	36.8	36.4	37.6	36.8	36.4	37.6	38.4	37.6	38.8	38.4	37.6	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	396,400	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	196,535	...	...	49.6	...	...	994,565	...	...	60.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	28,150	...	...	7.1	...	...	98,740	...	...	6.0	...	...
Row house	38,860	...	...	9.8	...	...	127,735	...	...	7.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10,145	...	...	2.6	...	...	43,730	...	...	2.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	91,250	...	...	23.0	...	...	247,030	...	...	15.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	29,405	...	...	7.4	...	...	74,880	...	...	4.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	95	...	...	0.0	...	...	1,215	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,970	...	...	0.5	...	...	45,325	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	396,405	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	115,525	...	...	29.1	...	...	424,055	...	...	26.0	...	...
2 persons	123,340	...	...	31.1	...	...	551,420	...	...	33.8	...	...
3 persons	61,175	...	...	15.4	...	...	249,135	...	...	15.3	...	...
4 persons	56,830	...	...	14.3	...	...	243,400	...	...	14.9	...	...
5 or more persons	39,530	...	...	10.0	...	...	165,215	...	...	10.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	996,495	496,040	500,455	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	826,785	408,675	418,110	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,452,995	1,712,065	1,740,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	453,440	227,160	226,280	54.8	55.6	54.1	2,033,945	1,018,425	1,015,520	58.9	59.5	58.3
Married	378,080	189,325	188,755	45.7	46.3	45.1	1,703,285	852,950	850,335	49.3	49.8	48.8
Living common-law	75,360	37,840	37,520	9.1	9.3	9.0	330,655	165,475	165,180	9.6	9.7	9.5
Living common law - Never married	58,580	29,495	29,080	7.1	7.2	7.0	245,650	123,625	122,030	7.1	7.2	7.0
Living common law - Separated	2,660	1,395	1,265	0.3	0.3	0.3	12,835	6,745	6,090	0.4	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	12,995	6,505	6,490	1.6	1.6	1.6	65,955	32,580	33,375	1.9	1.9	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	1,125	440	685	0.1	0.1	0.2	6,210	2,520	3,690	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	373,345	181,510	191,830	45.2	44.4	45.9	1,419,050	693,640	725,410	41.1	40.5	41.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	263,065	144,100	118,965	31.8	35.3	28.5	969,780	535,715	434,065	28.1	31.3	24.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	20,940	8,875	12,060	2.5	2.2	2.9	83,350	36,440	46,910	2.4	2.1	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	53,255	20,835	32,420	6.4	5.1	7.8	214,460	87,950	126,505	6.2	5.1	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	36,085	7,700	28,385	4.4	1.9	6.8	151,455	33,530	117,925	4.4	2.0	6.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	266,155	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,164,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	125,210	...	...	47.0	...	...	565,900	...	...	48.6	...	...
3 persons	58,490	...	...	22.0	...	...	240,980	...	...	20.7	...	...
4 persons	56,055	...	...	21.1	...	...	238,600	...	...	20.5	...	...
5 or more persons	26,400	...	...	9.9	...	...	119,170	...	...	10.2	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	266,155	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,164,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	219,615	...	...	82.5	...	...	987,465	...	...	84.8	...	...
Married couples	181,950	...	...	68.4	...	...	822,175	...	...	70.6	...	...
With children⁶	110,120	...	...	41.4	...	...	464,975	...	...	39.9	...	...
Without children	71,830	...	...	27.0	...	...	357,200	...	...	30.7	...	...
Common-law couples	37,660	...	...	14.1	...	...	165,290	...	...	14.2	...	...
With children⁶	12,150	...	...	4.6	...	...	60,705	...	...	5.2	...	...
Without children	25,510	...	...	9.6	...	...	104,580	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	46,545	...	...	17.5	...	...	177,190	...	...	15.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	36,495	...	...	13.7	...	...	135,065	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10,050	...	...	3.8	...	...	42,125	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	996,495	496,040	500,455	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	793,405	392,485	400,915	79.6	79.1	80.1	3,456,645	1,720,145	1,736,505	82.7	82.4	83.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	439,225	219,625	219,600	44.1	44.3	43.9	1,974,930	986,995	987,935	47.3	47.3	47.3
Parents in one-parent families	46,545	10,050	36,495	4.7	2.0	7.3	177,185	42,120	135,060	4.2	2.0	6.5
Children⁶	307,635	162,810	144,820	30.9	32.8	28.9	1,304,525	691,020	613,500	31.2	33.1	29.4
In a two-parent family	233,400	122,795	110,605	23.4	24.8	22.1	1,022,235	538,215	484,020	24.5	25.8	23.2
In a one-parent family	74,235	40,020	34,215	7.4	8.1	6.8	282,290	152,810	129,485	6.8	7.3	6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	203,090	103,555	99,540	20.4	20.9	19.9	721,070	368,045	353,030	17.3	17.6	16.9
Living alone	115,525	56,185	59,345	11.6	11.3	11.9	424,055	207,075	216,980	10.2	9.9	10.4
Living with other relatives⁷	33,295	15,140	18,150	3.3	3.1	3.6	108,100	49,205	58,900	2.6	2.4	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	54,270	32,230	22,040	5.4	6.5	4.4	188,915	111,760	77,155	4.5	5.4	3.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	396,405	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	223,495	...	...	56.4	...	...	1,008,210	...	...	61.7	...	...
Couple-family households	188,930	...	...	47.7	...	...	876,085	...	...	53.6	...	...
With children⁶	105,140	...	...	26.5	...	...	465,405	...	...	28.5	...	...
Without children	83,790	...	...	21.1	...	...	410,680	...	...	25.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	34,560	...	...	8.7	...	...	132,125	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	13,310	...	...	3.4	...	...	47,450	...	...	2.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	2,730	...	...	0.7	...	...	10,575	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	16,320	...	...	4.1	...	...	60,780	...	...	3.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	25,020	...	...	6.3	...	...	82,150	...	...	5.0	...	...
One-person households	115,530	...	...	29.1	...	...	424,055	...	...	26.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	812,615	401,820	410,795	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	772,550	382,025	390,525	95.1	95.1	95.1	3,213,495	1,597,075	1,616,420	95.2	95.3	95.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	50,000	39,200	44,000	50,000	39,200	44,800	53,200	38,400	44,800	53,200	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	772,830	382,175	390,650	95.1	95.1	95.1	3,215,290	1,598,045	1,617,250	95.3	95.4	95.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,000	36,000	39,600	44,000	36,000	40,400	46,800	35,200	40,400	46,800	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	686,060	346,340	339,720	84.4	86.2	82.7	2,899,265	1,472,130	1,427,140	85.9	87.8	84.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	47,600	32,400	40,000	47,600	32,400	40,000	50,400	31,200	40,000	50,400	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	579,425	299,065	280,360	71.3	74.4	68.2	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	71.9	75.3	68.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,600	35,600	42,400	49,600	35,600	41,600	51,600	33,600	41,600	51,600	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	689,945	336,085	353,860	84.9	83.6	86.1	2,818,115	1,377,385	1,440,730	83.5	82.2	84.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	6,500	10,000	8,500	6,500	10,000	8,300	6,120	9,700	8,300	6,120	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	100,730	51,455	49,275	12.4	12.8	12.0	373,185	184,280	188,900	11.1	11.0	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,760	5,840	5,760	5,760	5,840	5,800	5,760	5,880	5,800	5,760	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	259,615	127,600	132,015	31.9	31.8	32.1	978,925	473,610	505,320	29.0	28.3	29.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000	8,500	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	812,605	401,755	410,850	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	772,300	382,065	390,240	95.0	95.1	95.0	3,212,650	1,596,250	1,616,400	95.2	95.2	95.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,800	65,400	48,320	56,800	65,400	48,320	60,850	72,700	49,160	60,850	72,700	49,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	772,575	382,205	390,370	95.1	95.1	95.0	3,214,490	1,597,255	1,617,235	95.2	95.3	95.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,640	53,600	41,840	47,640	53,600	41,840	50,200	58,400	42,120	50,200	58,400	42,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	685,935	346,745	339,185	84.4	86.3	82.6	2,900,200	1,472,350	1,427,850	85.9	87.9	84.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,150	62,900	43,240	53,150	62,900	43,240	57,300	70,100	44,040	57,300	70,100	44,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	579,410	299,615	279,790	71.3	74.6	68.1	2,426,940	1,262,995	1,163,950	71.9	75.4	68.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,900	61,350	43,840	52,900	61,350	43,840	56,350	67,800	43,920	56,350	67,800	43,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	690,130	336,725	353,400	84.9	83.8	86.0	2,817,280	1,376,575	1,440,710	83.5	82.1	84.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	9,490	11,860	10,700	9,490	11,860	10,440	9,300	11,520	10,440	9,300	11,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,450	51,410	49,045	12.4	12.8	11.9	371,975	183,715	188,265	11.0	11.0	11.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,040	6,710	7,390	7,040	6,710	7,390	7,090	6,720	7,450	7,090	6,720	7,450
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	258,250	126,935	131,320	31.8	31.6	32.0	972,130	470,475	501,650	28.8	28.1	29.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,290	9,160	9,420	9,290	9,160	9,420	9,170	9,030	9,290	9,170	9,030	9,290
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	812,605	401,755	410,850	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	265,985	148,275	117,710	32.7	36.9	28.7	1,120,075	641,305	478,775	33.2	38.3	28.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,500	74,500	62,400	68,500	74,500	62,400	70,500	78,500	62,000	70,500	78,500	62,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,400	87,600	69,000	79,400	87,600	69,000	85,200	96,300	70,400	85,200	96,300	70,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	240,385	114,635	125,745	29.6	28.5	30.6	993,770	466,385	527,385	29.4	27.8	31.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800	25,800	18,600	21,800	25,800	18,600	21,600	26,200	18,400	21,600	26,200	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,680	38,840	27,040	32,680	38,840	27,040	34,280	42,280	27,160	34,280	42,280	27,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.2	87.2	77.8	83.2	87.2	77.8	85.0	89.0	79.2	85.0	89.0	79.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.8	73.6	65.0	69.8	73.6	65.0	70.0	73.8	64.4	70.0	73.8	64.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.8	12.8	22.2	16.8	12.8	22.2	15.0	11.0	20.9	15.0	11.0	20.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.4	1.9	1.6	1.4	1.9	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.1	5.0	7.5	6.1	5.0	7.5	5.1	4.0	6.7	5.1	4.0	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.5	4.7	6.6	5.5	4.7	6.6	4.6	3.7	5.9	4.6	3.7	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	812,610	401,820	410,790	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	40,065	19,795	20,265	4.9	4.9	4.9	161,620	78,885	82,730	4.8	4.7	4.9
With total income	772,550	382,025	390,525	95.1	95.1	95.1	3,213,490	1,597,075	1,616,415	95.2	95.3	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	61,525	26,535	34,995	8.0	6.9	9.0	271,260	111,180	160,085	8.4	7.0	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	72,240	30,890	41,350	9.4	8.1	10.6	307,390	122,515	184,880	9.6	7.7	11.4
$20,000 to $29,999	122,060	54,400	67,665	15.8	14.2	17.3	483,175	210,085	273,090	15.0	13.2	16.9
$30,000 to $39,999	96,785	41,675	55,110	12.5	10.9	14.1	384,115	161,270	222,840	12.0	10.1	13.8
$40,000 to $49,999	82,910	37,595	45,320	10.7	9.8	11.6	332,120	148,870	183,245	10.3	9.3	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	70,470	33,585	36,885	9.1	8.8	9.4	277,960	132,620	145,340	8.6	8.3	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	59,660	29,970	29,690	7.7	7.8	7.6	232,840	119,260	113,580	7.2	7.5	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	46,895	26,095	20,800	6.1	6.8	5.3	187,305	105,100	82,205	5.8	6.6	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	36,160	20,900	15,260	4.7	5.5	3.9	146,920	87,190	59,725	4.6	5.5	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	29,970	17,545	12,425	3.9	4.6	3.2	124,520	73,960	50,560	3.9	4.6	3.1
$100,000 and over	93,865	62,835	31,025	12.2	16.4	7.9	465,885	325,025	140,860	14.5	20.4	8.7
$100,000 to $149,999	64,375	41,115	23,260	8.3	10.8	6.0	291,955	191,190	100,765	9.1	12.0	6.2
$150,000 and over	29,485	21,720	7,770	3.8	5.7	2.0	173,935	133,835	40,100	5.4	8.4	2.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	812,610	401,820	410,790	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	39,785	19,645	20,140	4.9	4.9	4.9	159,820	77,915	81,900	4.7	4.6	4.8
With after-tax income	772,825	382,175	390,655	95.1	95.1	95.1	3,215,295	1,598,045	1,617,245	95.3	95.4	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	63,535	27,315	36,215	8.2	7.1	9.3	282,760	115,430	167,325	8.8	7.2	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	75,385	32,375	43,010	9.8	8.5	11.0	320,525	128,425	192,100	10.0	8.0	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	138,165	61,580	76,585	17.9	16.1	19.6	545,450	237,370	308,080	17.0	14.9	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	113,515	50,570	62,950	14.7	13.2	16.1	449,440	194,945	254,500	14.0	12.2	15.7
$40,000 to $49,999	97,930	46,180	51,750	12.7	12.1	13.2	388,170	182,160	206,010	12.1	11.4	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	80,470	40,350	40,120	10.4	10.6	10.3	314,650	160,140	154,510	9.8	10.0	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	59,685	32,865	26,820	7.7	8.6	6.9	240,015	135,075	104,940	7.5	8.5	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	43,145	24,955	18,190	5.6	6.5	4.7	178,580	106,080	72,495	5.6	6.6	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	31,835	18,695	13,135	4.1	4.9	3.4	138,170	82,415	55,755	4.3	5.2	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	20,565	12,870	7,695	2.7	3.4	2.0	92,045	59,450	32,595	2.9	3.7	2.0
$100,000 and over	48,600	34,410	14,185	6.3	9.0	3.6	265,490	196,560	68,930	8.3	12.3	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	24,550	16,735	7,820	3.2	4.4	2.0	121,505	85,805	35,705	3.8	5.4	2.2
$125,000 and over	24,050	17,680	6,370	3.1	4.6	1.6	143,985	110,760	33,225	4.5	6.9	2.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	812,610	401,820	410,790	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	233,190	102,755	130,435	28.7	25.6	31.8	948,210	413,405	534,805	28.1	24.7	31.5
With employment income	579,420	299,060	280,355	71.3	74.4	68.2	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	71.9	75.3	68.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	66,745	30,855	35,885	11.5	10.3	12.8	305,715	142,525	163,185	12.6	11.3	14.0
$5,000 to $9,999	45,250	19,655	25,595	7.8	6.6	9.1	186,575	78,780	107,795	7.7	6.2	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	65,525	29,070	36,455	11.3	9.7	13.0	270,795	116,950	153,845	11.2	9.3	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	51,220	23,445	27,780	8.8	7.8	9.9	212,530	93,955	118,575	8.8	7.4	10.2
$30,000 to $39,999	49,645	23,255	26,390	8.6	7.8	9.4	202,095	92,015	110,080	8.3	7.3	9.5
$40,000 to $49,999	48,895	24,215	24,675	8.4	8.1	8.8	193,315	92,690	100,625	8.0	7.3	8.6
$50,000 to $59,999	48,170	23,845	24,320	8.3	8.0	8.7	181,745	89,815	91,930	7.5	7.1	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	42,600	22,105	20,495	7.4	7.4	7.3	161,830	85,450	76,375	6.7	6.8	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	34,940	20,285	14,655	6.0	6.8	5.2	133,940	78,540	55,400	5.5	6.2	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	27,905	16,675	11,225	4.8	5.6	4.0	110,580	67,335	43,240	4.6	5.3	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	24,830	14,650	10,180	4.3	4.9	3.6	101,430	59,855	41,575	4.2	4.7	3.6
$100,000 and over	73,695	50,995	22,700	12.7	17.1	8.1	366,350	264,635	101,720	15.1	21.0	8.7
$100,000 to $124,999	36,630	23,195	13,435	6.3	7.8	4.8	158,925	103,055	55,870	6.5	8.2	4.8
$125,000 and over	37,070	27,800	9,265	6.4	9.3	3.3	207,430	161,580	45,850	8.5	12.8	3.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	812,615	401,820	410,795	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	757,220	373,735	383,485	93.2	93.0	93.4	3,147,180	1,561,420	1,585,760	93.2	93.2	93.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,800	36,800	42,800	50,800	36,800	44,400	54,800	36,400	44,400	54,800	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	757,435	373,785	383,650	93.2	93.0	93.4	3,148,375	1,561,645	1,586,735	93.3	93.2	93.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,400	34,000	38,800	44,400	34,000	39,600	47,600	33,600	39,600	47,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	680,725	343,675	337,050	83.8	85.5	82.0	2,869,935	1,456,690	1,413,250	85.0	86.9	83.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,800	35,600	42,400	50,800	35,600	43,200	54,000	34,400	43,200	54,000	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	583,910	301,440	282,475	71.9	75.0	68.8	2,438,175	1,267,255	1,170,925	72.2	75.6	68.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	52,400	38,000	44,800	52,400	38,000	44,400	55,200	36,000	44,400	55,200	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	656,040	319,715	336,325	80.7	79.6	81.9	2,675,790	1,312,270	1,363,520	79.3	78.3	80.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,470	1,010	3,600	1,470	1,010	3,600	1,620	1,010	4,080	1,620	1,010	4,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	63,280	32,395	30,885	7.8	8.1	7.5	245,140	118,390	126,750	7.3	7.1	7.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,280	5,640	7,150	6,280	5,640	7,150	6,240	5,640	7,050	6,240	5,640	7,050
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	812,605	401,755	410,850	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	757,650	374,285	383,365	93.2	93.2	93.3	3,146,890	1,560,995	1,585,890	93.2	93.1	93.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,800	65,400	46,480	55,800	65,400	46,480	60,750	74,200	47,560	60,750	74,200	47,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	757,850	374,335	383,515	93.3	93.2	93.3	3,147,975	1,561,230	1,586,750	93.3	93.2	93.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,480	53,100	40,000	46,480	53,100	40,000	49,720	59,050	40,520	49,720	59,050	40,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	681,465	344,480	336,990	83.9	85.7	82.0	2,871,550	1,456,805	1,414,740	85.1	86.9	83.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,700	66,000	45,160	55,700	66,000	45,160	60,350	74,400	45,840	60,350	74,400	45,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	584,580	302,285	282,285	71.9	75.2	68.7	2,438,445	1,267,615	1,170,835	72.2	75.6	68.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,450	64,500	45,760	55,450	64,500	45,760	59,450	72,000	45,800	59,450	72,000	45,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	656,190	320,570	335,615	80.8	79.8	81.7	2,676,295	1,312,765	1,363,530	79.3	78.3	80.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,610	5,425	7,750	6,610	5,425	7,750	6,720	5,635	7,770	6,720	5,635	7,770
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,855	32,220	30,635	7.7	8.0	7.5	244,330	117,410	126,920	7.2	7.0	7.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,890	6,930	8,900	7,890	6,930	8,900	7,990	7,020	8,900	7,990	7,020	8,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	812,605	401,755	410,850	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	264,360	147,390	116,975	32.5	36.7	28.5	1,111,760	636,785	474,975	32.9	38.0	28.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	73,500	59,600	66,000	73,500	59,600	68,500	77,500	58,800	68,500	77,500	58,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,400	86,100	66,300	77,400	86,100	66,300	83,800	95,700	67,800	83,800	95,700	67,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	228,400	109,590	118,815	28.1	27.3	28.9	941,295	443,225	498,070	27.9	26.4	29.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,400	36,400	26,400	30,400	36,400	26,400	30,000	37,200	25,400	30,000	37,200	25,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	40,960	48,680	33,800	40,960	48,680	33,800	43,280	54,050	33,720	43,280	54,050	33,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.8	92.8	85.4	89.8	92.8	85.4	90.6	93.6	86.0	90.6	93.6	86.0
Employment income (%)	76.6	79.6	72.6	76.6	79.6	72.6	75.8	78.8	71.0	75.8	78.8	71.0
Government transfers (%)	10.3	7.1	14.6	10.3	7.1	14.6	9.4	6.4	14.0	9.4	6.4	14.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.5	1.2	0.9	1.5	1.0	0.7	1.5	1.0	0.7	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	396,405	...	...	...	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	115,530	...	...	...	...	...	424,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...	47,600	...	...	48,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	280,880	...	...	...	...	...	1,209,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	396,400	...	...	...	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,600	...	...	110,600	...	...	119,700	...	...	119,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	92,900	...	...	92,900	...	...	98,800	...	...	98,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	115,515	...	...	...	...	...	424,120	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,650	...	...	58,650	...	...	62,050	...	...	62,050	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,200	...	...	49,200	...	...	51,400	...	...	51,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	280,885	...	...	...	...	...	1,209,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,800	...	...	110,800	...	...	115,500	...	...	115,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	396,405	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	4,575	...	...	1.2	...	...	16,810	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,250	...	...	0.6	...	...	8,310	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,425	...	...	0.9	...	...	12,525	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	4,675	...	...	1.2	...	...	17,725	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	13,185	...	...	3.3	...	...	49,050	...	...	3.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	13,825	...	...	3.5	...	...	52,025	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10,865	...	...	2.7	...	...	41,490	...	...	2.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,250	...	...	3.1	...	...	48,190	...	...	3.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	13,200	...	...	3.3	...	...	52,710	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	12,960	...	...	3.3	...	...	51,200	...	...	3.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	27,005	...	...	6.8	...	...	104,130	...	...	6.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	27,640	...	...	7.0	...	...	106,340	...	...	6.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	26,470	...	...	6.7	...	...	104,230	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25,065	...	...	6.3	...	...	98,820	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	23,195	...	...	5.9	...	...	93,990	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	175,820	...	...	44.4	...	...	775,675	...	...	47.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	50,345	...	...	12.7	...	...	204,960	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	37,255	...	...	9.4	...	...	156,945	...	...	9.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	46,410	...	...	11.7	...	...	200,675	...	...	12.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	41,815	...	...	10.5	...	...	213,100	...	...	13.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	396,405	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	4,960	...	...	1.3	...	...	18,920	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,315	...	...	0.6	...	...	8,620	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,515	...	...	0.9	...	...	12,950	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	4,945	...	...	1.2	...	...	18,925	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,115	...	...	3.6	...	...	52,455	...	...	3.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15,525	...	...	3.9	...	...	58,000	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	12,660	...	...	3.2	...	...	48,620	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	14,570	...	...	3.7	...	...	56,195	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,645	...	...	3.9	...	...	62,115	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15,945	...	...	4.0	...	...	60,880	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	32,750	...	...	8.3	...	...	126,900	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	32,740	...	...	8.3	...	...	127,780	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	30,780	...	...	7.8	...	...	122,795	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	28,695	...	...	7.2	...	...	117,335	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,875	...	...	6.5	...	...	106,445	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	141,375	...	...	35.7	...	...	634,290	...	...	38.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	50,770	...	...	12.8	...	...	214,810	...	...	13.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	34,675	...	...	8.7	...	...	149,640	...	...	9.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	55,935	...	...	14.1	...	...	269,845	...	...	16.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	263,290	...	...	...	...	...	1,150,150	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	86,850	...	...	...	...	...	423,245	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	122,440	...	...	...	...	...	527,475	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	42,720	...	...	...	...	...	162,425	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	169,800	88,415	81,385	...	...	...	612,970	318,840	294,130	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	44,000	41,200	42,800	44,000	41,200	43,600	46,400	40,800	43,600	46,400	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	39,200	37,600	38,400	39,200	37,600	39,200	41,200	37,200	39,200	41,200	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	263,055	...	...	...	...	...	1,149,555	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,400	...	...	132,400	...	...	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,800	...	...	110,800	...	...	115,100	...	...	115,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	86,785	...	...	...	...	...	423,255	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...	128,400	...	...	128,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,200	...	...	105,200	...	...	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	122,605	...	...	...	...	...	528,270	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,400	...	...	154,400	...	...	167,000	...	...	167,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,800	...	...	128,800	...	...	136,200	...	...	136,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	42,610	...	...	...	...	...	161,495	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,100	...	...	83,100	...	...	85,100	...	...	85,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,800	...	...	73,800	...	...	74,800	...	...	74,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	169,925	88,215	81,700	...	...	...	612,950	318,115	294,835	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,100	55,650	50,400	53,100	55,650	50,400	56,550	60,100	52,750	56,550	60,100	52,750
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,040	46,520	43,440	45,040	46,520	43,440	47,360	49,600	44,960	47,360	49,600	44,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	996,495	496,040	500,455	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	215,970	110,880	105,085	21.7	22.4	21.0	953,865	490,345	463,520	22.8	23.5	22.2
0 to 5 years	74,100	37,865	36,230	7.4	7.6	7.2	302,980	155,160	147,820	7.3	7.4	7.1
18 to 64 years	650,805	325,095	325,710	65.3	65.5	65.1	2,638,940	1,317,995	1,320,945	63.2	63.1	63.2
65 years and over	129,725	60,065	69,660	13.0	12.1	13.9	584,915	279,845	305,065	14.0	13.4	14.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	99,210	47,510	51,700	...	...	...	382,820	182,970	199,855	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	27,840	14,160	13,680	...	...	...	107,130	54,765	52,370	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	10,330	5,220	5,110	...	...	...	36,250	18,465	17,790	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	57,485	27,900	29,590	...	...	...	213,795	103,030	110,765	...	...	...
65 years and over	13,895	5,455	8,440	...	...	...	61,890	25,180	36,720	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.0	9.6	10.3	10.0	9.6	10.3	9.2	8.8	9.6	9.2	8.8	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	12.9	12.8	13.0	12.9	12.8	13.0	11.2	11.2	11.3	11.2	11.2	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	13.9	13.8	14.1	13.9	13.8	14.1	12.0	11.9	12.0	12.0	11.9	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	8.8	8.6	9.1	8.8	8.6	9.1	8.1	7.8	8.4	8.1	7.8	8.4
65 years and over (%)	10.7	9.1	12.1	10.7	9.1	12.1	10.6	9.0	12.0	10.6	9.0	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	996,495	496,040	500,455	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,132,995	2,065,555	2,067,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	215,970	110,885	105,085	21.7	22.4	21.0	936,965	481,700	455,265	22.7	23.3	22.0
0 to 5 years	74,095	37,865	36,230	7.4	7.6	7.2	298,005	152,625	145,380	7.2	7.4	7.0
18 to 64 years	650,805	325,095	325,710	65.3	65.5	65.1	2,614,300	1,305,610	1,308,690	63.3	63.2	63.3
65 years and over	129,720	60,060	69,655	13.0	12.1	13.9	581,730	278,250	303,475	14.1	13.5	14.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	61,610	31,485	30,130	...	...	...	187,885	96,630	91,255	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	14,175	7,125	7,045	...	...	...	43,110	21,925	21,180	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	5,095	2,525	2,570	...	...	...	13,945	7,045	6,900	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	43,445	22,585	20,865	...	...	...	130,620	68,100	62,525	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,990	1,770	2,215	...	...	...	14,155	6,605	7,550	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.2	6.4	6.0	6.2	6.4	6.0	4.6	4.7	4.4	4.6	4.7	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	6.6	6.4	6.7	6.6	6.4	6.7	4.6	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.6	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	6.9	6.7	7.1	6.9	6.7	7.1	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.7	4.6	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	6.7	7.0	6.4	6.7	7.0	6.4	5.0	5.2	4.8	5.0	5.2	4.8
65 years and over (%)	3.1	3.0	3.2	3.1	3.0	3.2	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	996,495	496,040	500,455	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	477,580	233,335	244,245	47.9	47.0	48.8	1,894,410	924,245	970,165	45.3	44.3	46.4
In bottom decile	91,105	45,525	45,575	9.1	9.2	9.1	345,410	172,330	173,080	8.3	8.3	8.3
In second decile	98,810	46,575	52,230	9.9	9.4	10.4	385,215	179,975	205,240	9.2	8.6	9.8
In third decile	94,245	45,990	48,255	9.5	9.3	9.6	380,170	184,770	195,400	9.1	8.8	9.4
In fourth decile	95,515	46,955	48,560	9.6	9.5	9.7	386,560	190,330	196,235	9.3	9.1	9.4
In fifth decile	97,910	48,290	49,625	9.8	9.7	9.9	397,055	196,830	200,215	9.5	9.4	9.6
In top half of the distribution	518,915	262,710	256,210	52.1	53.0	51.2	2,283,310	1,163,940	1,119,365	54.7	55.7	53.6
In sixth decile	98,605	49,205	49,405	9.9	9.9	9.9	406,615	204,040	202,575	9.7	9.8	9.7
In seventh decile	101,460	51,050	50,405	10.2	10.3	10.1	420,810	212,460	208,350	10.1	10.2	10.0
In eighth decile	104,315	52,545	51,770	10.5	10.6	10.3	440,225	223,690	216,535	10.5	10.7	10.4
In ninth decile	107,260	54,535	52,725	10.8	11.0	10.5	470,850	240,765	230,085	11.3	11.5	11.0
In top decile	107,270	55,375	51,900	10.8	11.2	10.4	544,810	282,985	261,825	13.0	13.6	12.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	996,495	...	...	996,495	...	...	4,177,720	...	...	4,177,720	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.334	...	...	0.334	...	...	0.350	...	...	0.350	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.444	...	...	0.444	...	...	0.450	...	...	0.450	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.296	...	...	0.296	...	...	0.307	...	...	0.307	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,000,740	497,935	502,805	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	910,635	457,415	453,220	91.0	91.9	90.1	3,894,690	1,960,785	1,933,905	92.3	93.0	91.5
French only	1,285	520	765	0.1	0.1	0.2	3,105	1,330	1,780	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	65,950	30,840	35,115	6.6	6.2	7.0	258,330	119,725	138,605	6.1	5.7	6.6
Neither English nor French	22,865	9,150	13,710	2.3	1.8	2.7	65,705	26,945	38,760	1.6	1.3	1.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,000,740	497,935	502,805	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	955,475	477,440	478,040	95.5	95.9	95.1	4,078,135	2,042,220	2,035,915	96.6	96.8	96.3
French	17,320	8,835	8,485	1.7	1.8	1.7	64,440	32,960	31,485	1.5	1.6	1.5
English and French	5,790	2,870	2,920	0.6	0.6	0.6	15,525	7,680	7,840	0.4	0.4	0.4
Neither English nor French	22,160	8,800	13,365	2.2	1.8	2.7	63,735	25,925	37,810	1.5	1.2	1.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,000,740	497,935	502,805	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	945,620	471,410	474,215	94.5	94.7	94.3	4,055,375	2,028,210	2,027,165	96.1	96.2	95.9
Official languages	642,285	325,315	316,970	64.2	65.3	63.0	3,148,690	1,591,780	1,556,910	74.6	75.5	73.7
English	626,085	317,045	309,045	62.6	63.7	61.5	3,083,840	1,558,570	1,525,265	73.0	73.9	72.2
French	16,200	8,275	7,920	1.6	1.7	1.6	64,855	33,210	31,645	1.5	1.6	1.5
Non-official languages	303,340	146,090	157,245	30.3	29.3	31.3	906,680	436,430	470,250	21.5	20.7	22.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,850	725	1,130	0.2	0.1	0.2	17,200	8,165	9,035	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages	1,565	625	940	0.2	0.1	0.2	15,155	7,265	7,890	0.4	0.3	0.4
Blackfoot	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,470	1,160	1,315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree-Innu languages	1,470	580	890	0.1	0.1	0.2	12,290	5,920	6,370	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	1,470	580	885	0.1	0.1	0.2	12,290	5,920	6,365	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	360	115	245	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,590	705	890	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	185	80	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,305	650	655	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	875	360	515	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,255	4,495	4,760	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	180	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	170	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	160	55	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,345	610	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	160	55	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,335	605	725	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	115	35	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,075	495	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	65	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	40	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	35	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	445	205	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	175	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	301,485	145,370	156,120	30.1	29.2	31.0	889,485	428,270	461,215	21.1	20.3	21.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	37,825	19,190	18,635	3.8	3.9	3.7	82,270	42,330	39,935	1.9	2.0	1.9
Berber languages	145	80	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	185	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	110	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	55	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	60	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	80	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	9,625	4,690	4,935	1.0	0.9	1.0	14,995	7,485	7,515	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bilen	470	255	210	0.0	0.1	0.0	650	345	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	1,540	775	760	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,485	1,780	1,705	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	7,580	3,630	3,945	0.8	0.7	0.8	10,750	5,280	5,470	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	70	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	27,955	14,360	13,595	2.8	2.9	2.7	66,720	34,555	32,165	1.6	1.6	1.5
Amharic	2,900	1,355	1,545	0.3	0.3	0.3	8,165	3,925	4,245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	20,140	10,490	9,650	2.0	2.1	1.9	46,425	24,385	22,045	1.1	1.2	1.0
Aramaic languages	135	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	405	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	445	225	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	125	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	160	75	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	105	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	350	190	160	0.0	0.0	0.0	885	455	425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	4,230	2,175	2,055	0.4	0.4	0.4	10,065	5,210	4,855	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	9,465	4,255	5,210	0.9	0.9	1.0	25,655	11,520	14,135	0.6	0.5	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	680	305	375	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,775	800	975	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	8,725	3,915	4,815	0.9	0.8	1.0	23,705	10,615	13,090	0.6	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	100	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	43,265	19,100	24,165	4.3	3.8	4.8	131,755	58,110	73,640	3.1	2.8	3.5
Bikol	155	65	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	235	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	665	290	375	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,265	985	1,285	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	1,920	870	1,050	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,210	2,300	2,910	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	785	325	460	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,370	1,005	1,370	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	2,280	990	1,295	0.2	0.2	0.3	7,440	3,325	4,110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	425	180	240	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,275	510	765	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	115	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	155	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	80	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	115	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	440	205	235	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,275	620	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	185	80	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	235	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35,655	15,775	19,880	3.6	3.2	4.0	108,395	47,810	60,590	2.6	2.3	2.9
Waray-Waray	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	195	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	350	150	195	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,075	475	605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	905	450	450	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,745	875	875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	220	115	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	230	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	200	100	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	130	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	165	90	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	165	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	205	100	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	215	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	110	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	8,110	4,120	3,995	0.8	0.8	0.8	17,170	8,845	8,330	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	200	105	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	295	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	4,575	2,285	2,295	0.5	0.5	0.5	8,785	4,450	4,330	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	2,155	1,125	1,030	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,950	2,610	2,340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	1,155	595	555	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,715	1,425	1,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	110	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	138,335	68,200	70,140	13.8	13.7	13.9	454,815	224,310	230,505	10.8	10.6	10.9
Albanian	765	410	355	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,345	1,250	1,100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	145	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	240	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	24,510	11,225	13,285	2.4	2.3	2.6	70,185	32,420	37,760	1.7	1.5	1.8
Baltic languages	230	100	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	885	405	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	165	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	130	50	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	240	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	24,280	11,125	13,155	2.4	2.2	2.6	69,305	32,020	37,285	1.6	1.5	1.8
Belarusian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	370	175	190	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,300	640	660	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	545	265	280	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,700	1,265	1,435	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	175	85	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	185	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	6,960	3,225	3,740	0.7	0.6	0.7	17,540	8,130	9,410	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	4,800	2,140	2,655	0.5	0.4	0.5	17,735	7,850	9,890	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	3,940	1,945	1,995	0.4	0.4	0.4	10,350	5,085	5,270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	700	340	355	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,860	905	960	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	1,540	780	755	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,260	2,105	2,155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	1,605	775	835	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,040	1,975	2,065	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	100	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	345	170	180	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,865	910	950	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	205	90	115	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	245	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	6,870	2,990	3,885	0.7	0.6	0.8	16,750	7,630	9,125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	165	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	75	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10,190	4,755	5,435	1.0	1.0	1.1	93,145	45,830	47,320	2.2	2.2	2.2
Frisian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	145	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	7,060	3,245	3,815	0.7	0.7	0.8	60,990	29,660	31,325	1.4	1.4	1.5
German	6,915	3,160	3,750	0.7	0.6	0.7	59,835	29,055	30,775	1.4	1.4	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	120	70	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,045	550	495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,500	1,215	1,280	0.2	0.2	0.3	28,670	14,425	14,245	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	350	175	175	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,150	1,555	1,595	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	1,985	970	1,015	0.2	0.2	0.2	13,140	6,605	6,535	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,060	1,545	1,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	145	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	115	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,815	4,455	4,355	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	120	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	585	270	315	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,155	1,540	1,615	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	330	160	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,850	945	910	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	245	285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	145	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	310	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	780	420	360	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,820	1,430	1,385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	74,730	38,070	36,655	7.5	7.6	7.3	197,415	100,095	97,320	4.7	4.7	4.6
Indo-Aryan languages	68,225	34,755	33,465	6.8	7.0	6.7	176,130	89,315	86,820	4.2	4.2	4.1
Assamese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	2,675	1,370	1,310	0.3	0.3	0.3	7,735	3,900	3,835	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	6,425	3,310	3,115	0.6	0.7	0.6	15,330	7,920	7,415	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindi	8,550	4,305	4,250	0.9	0.9	0.8	18,815	9,525	9,285	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	480	210	270	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,625	720	905	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	110	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	170	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	685	350	330	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,910	970	935	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	2,280	1,180	1,095	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,900	3,035	2,865	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	100	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	36,705	18,765	17,945	3.7	3.8	3.6	91,070	46,205	44,870	2.2	2.2	2.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	325	155	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	685	345	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,180	605	575	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,700	1,380	1,325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	8,390	4,235	4,155	0.8	0.9	0.8	28,635	14,425	14,210	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	260	135	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	495	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	6,480	3,300	3,185	0.6	0.7	0.6	21,225	10,750	10,470	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	735	405	335	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,010	1,035	975	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	685	335	355	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,960	1,505	1,460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	5,010	2,540	2,465	0.5	0.5	0.5	16,065	8,115	7,955	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	1,570	765	805	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,005	2,490	2,515	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	2,875	1,480	1,395	0.3	0.3	0.3	9,030	4,585	4,445	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	565	295	270	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,035	1,040	995	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	27,155	13,220	13,940	2.7	2.7	2.8	88,045	42,845	45,205	2.1	2.0	2.1
Catalan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	3,510	1,700	1,810	0.4	0.3	0.4	9,505	4,745	4,755	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	3,975	1,900	2,075	0.4	0.4	0.4	9,910	4,750	5,165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	2,005	955	1,050	0.2	0.2	0.2	7,425	3,635	3,790	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	17,640	8,650	8,990	1.8	1.7	1.8	61,090	29,655	31,435	1.4	1.4	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	900	290	615	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,575	1,550	3,025	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	6,100	2,855	3,245	0.6	0.6	0.6	19,240	8,935	10,305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mongolian	80	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	255	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	7,595	3,740	3,855	0.8	0.8	0.8	16,500	8,265	8,235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	740	380	360	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,660	855	800	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	125	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	120	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	125	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	100	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	215	105	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	160	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	75	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	440	230	210	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,380	725	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	850	410	435	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,135	550	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	120	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	110	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	100	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	205	95	115	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	190	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	440	205	230	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	305	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	505	240	265	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,105	530	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	50	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	1,255	595	660	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,455	1,165	1,290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	150	85	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	145	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	980	525	455	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,205	1,710	1,490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,010	485	530	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,265	1,090	1,170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	725	375	350	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,450	1,275	1,175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	275	140	130	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,040	575	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	200	105	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	290	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	205	105	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	650	340	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	320	165	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	840	440	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	275	145	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	370	330	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	43,580	20,485	23,090	4.4	4.1	4.6	118,025	54,995	63,030	2.8	2.6	3.0
Chinese languages	42,900	20,145	22,750	4.3	4.0	4.5	115,870	53,935	61,940	2.7	2.6	2.9
Hakka	545	250	300	0.1	0.1	0.1	880	405	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	19,585	9,275	10,315	2.0	1.9	2.1	54,135	25,165	28,970	1.3	1.2	1.4
Min Dong	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,045	470	575	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,400	1,040	1,360	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	160	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	215	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20,925	9,750	11,175	2.1	2.0	2.2	56,280	26,280	30,005	1.3	1.2	1.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	590	290	295	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,605	760	845	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	640	325	310	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,055	1,015	1,040	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	205	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	405	205	195	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	365	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	335	160	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	290	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	75	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	335	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	905	345	565	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,040	1,110	1,935	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	305	150	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	950	460	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	555	170	380	0.1	0.0	0.1	2,010	620	1,390	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	2,080	1,140	940	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,335	2,360	1,975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	170	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	235	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	1,675	935	740	0.2	0.2	0.1	3,290	1,825	1,460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	105	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	130	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,150	550	600	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,120	2,890	3,230	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	75	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	140	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	700	285	415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	990	485	510	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,255	2,530	2,725	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	55,115	26,525	28,590	5.5	5.3	5.7	166,455	80,575	85,890	3.9	3.8	4.1
English and French	4,675	2,285	2,385	0.5	0.5	0.5	17,600	8,520	9,085	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	43,995	21,165	22,825	4.4	4.3	4.5	131,195	63,735	67,465	3.1	3.0	3.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,375	680	695	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,125	1,535	1,590	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	850	420	435	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,425	1,160	1,270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	4,220	1,975	2,245	0.4	0.4	0.4	12,105	5,625	6,480	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,000,740	497,935	502,805	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	648,980	327,675	321,310	64.9	65.8	63.9	3,183,975	1,606,395	1,577,580	75.4	76.2	74.7
French	4,680	2,270	2,410	0.5	0.5	0.5	15,490	7,660	7,835	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	90,765	43,525	47,240	9.1	8.7	9.4	272,985	131,515	141,475	6.5	6.2	6.7
Indigenous³⁹	170	70	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,700	1,890	1,805	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	90,595	43,450	47,145	9.1	8.7	9.4	269,280	129,620	139,665	6.4	6.1	6.6
English and French	10,825	5,215	5,610	1.1	1.0	1.1	41,100	19,580	21,515	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	228,985	111,475	117,515	22.9	22.4	23.4	664,935	323,185	341,750	15.7	15.3	16.2
French and non-official language(s)	755	345	420	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,590	725	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,735	3,220	3,520	0.7	0.6	0.7	17,280	8,175	9,105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	9,020	4,225	4,790	0.9	0.8	1.0	24,475	11,545	12,930	0.6	0.5	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,000,740	497,935	502,805	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	941,815	469,345	472,465	94.1	94.3	94.0	4,054,960	2,027,555	2,027,400	96.0	96.1	95.9
Official languages	753,490	377,630	375,855	75.3	75.8	74.8	3,504,300	1,758,870	1,745,425	83.0	83.4	82.6
English	746,435	374,180	372,250	74.6	75.1	74.0	3,481,545	1,747,645	1,733,895	82.5	82.9	82.1
French	7,055	3,450	3,605	0.7	0.7	0.7	22,755	11,225	11,530	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	188,330	91,715	96,615	18.8	18.4	19.2	550,665	268,690	281,975	13.0	12.7	13.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	395	170	220	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,175	3,615	3,565	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	360	155	205	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,355	3,210	3,140	0.2	0.2	0.1
Blackfoot	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	965	490	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	335	150	190	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,290	2,670	2,615	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	335	150	190	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,290	2,670	2,615	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	75	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	235	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	150	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	235	105	130	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,510	2,275	2,230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	685	345	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	340	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	300	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	187,935	91,540	96,390	18.8	18.4	19.2	543,490	265,075	278,415	12.9	12.6	13.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	24,185	11,995	12,185	2.4	2.4	2.4	52,375	26,290	26,085	1.2	1.2	1.2
Berber languages	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	6,430	3,105	3,325	0.6	0.6	0.7	10,170	5,010	5,155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	345	180	165	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	255	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	1,145	570	575	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,580	1,305	1,270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	4,915	2,340	2,575	0.5	0.5	0.5	7,045	3,425	3,620	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	17,625	8,825	8,805	1.8	1.8	1.8	41,920	21,120	20,800	1.0	1.0	1.0
Amharic	1,770	820	950	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,025	2,385	2,635	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	12,325	6,205	6,120	1.2	1.2	1.2	28,040	14,195	13,840	0.7	0.7	0.7
Aramaic languages	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	630	310	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	155	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	150	85	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	215	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	3,155	1,605	1,545	0.3	0.3	0.3	7,600	3,905	3,700	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	6,245	2,860	3,390	0.6	0.6	0.7	17,075	7,795	9,285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	380	170	210	0.0	0.0	0.0	975	430	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5,805	2,650	3,155	0.6	0.5	0.6	15,945	7,280	8,670	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	90	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	27,095	12,695	14,405	2.7	2.5	2.9	82,190	38,845	43,345	1.9	1.8	2.1
Bikol	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	385	180	210	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,250	595	660	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	1,130	530	600	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,990	1,435	1,555	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	425	200	230	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,290	610	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	1,350	625	730	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,450	2,075	2,375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	170	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	215	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	95	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	295	130	165	0.0	0.0	0.0	700	330	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	85	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	22,875	10,750	12,125	2.3	2.2	2.4	69,570	32,865	36,705	1.6	1.6	1.7
Waray-Waray	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	100	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	165	80	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	245	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	555	265	285	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,010	485	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	165	80	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	140	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	95	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	115	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	105	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5,850	2,950	2,895	0.6	0.6	0.6	11,840	5,985	5,855	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	100	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	150	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	3,355	1,675	1,680	0.3	0.3	0.3	6,270	3,150	3,120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	1,605	825	780	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,480	1,790	1,690	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	775	400	380	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,705	860	845	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	75	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	82,580	41,130	41,450	8.3	8.3	8.2	265,460	131,850	133,610	6.3	6.3	6.3
Albanian	340	170	165	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,040	550	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	115	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10,445	5,010	5,435	1.0	1.0	1.1	28,760	13,815	14,945	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	175	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	75	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	105	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10,360	4,965	5,390	1.0	1.0	1.1	28,415	13,640	14,775	0.7	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	180	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	595	290	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	165	80	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	365	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	95	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	3,005	1,415	1,595	0.3	0.3	0.3	6,810	3,230	3,575	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	2,985	1,435	1,545	0.3	0.3	0.3	10,885	5,205	5,680	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,845	875	965	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,370	2,105	2,265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	295	140	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	750	360	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	635	310	320	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,525	740	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	895	410	480	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,055	990	1,065	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	285	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,945	945	1,000	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,080	1,990	2,090	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,310	595	720	0.1	0.1	0.1	40,925	20,195	20,730	1.0	1.0	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	960	440	520	0.1	0.1	0.1	29,275	14,360	14,920	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	945	430	510	0.1	0.1	0.1	29,025	14,235	14,790	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	115	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	295	120	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,310	5,675	5,630	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,720	850	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	135	50	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,520	725	800	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,280	1,170	1,115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,620	2,850	2,770	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	285	130	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	935	430	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55,830	28,310	27,525	5.6	5.7	5.5	146,225	73,640	72,580	3.5	3.5	3.4
Indo-Aryan languages	51,670	26,240	25,435	5.2	5.3	5.1	132,370	66,780	65,590	3.1	3.2	3.1
Assamese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,745	870	875	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,085	2,505	2,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	4,620	2,345	2,280	0.5	0.5	0.5	10,620	5,435	5,185	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindi	5,610	2,830	2,780	0.6	0.6	0.6	12,295	6,225	6,075	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	215	85	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	830	345	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	445	220	220	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,145	570	570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	1,655	865	785	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,280	2,200	2,080	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30,595	15,640	14,955	3.1	3.1	3.0	75,180	38,085	37,090	1.8	1.8	1.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	205	100	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	205	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	685	335	350	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,595	790	805	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5,640	2,810	2,830	0.6	0.6	0.6	20,080	9,990	10,085	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	155	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	255	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	4,150	2,065	2,085	0.4	0.4	0.4	13,835	6,850	6,980	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	435	220	210	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,310	655	660	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	480	225	255	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,920	960	960	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	3,200	1,600	1,600	0.3	0.3	0.3	10,495	5,190	5,310	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dari	920	435	485	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,990	1,435	1,560	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	1,910	975	935	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,150	3,065	3,080	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	375	190	180	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,360	690	670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	14,295	6,875	7,415	1.4	1.4	1.5	47,235	23,055	24,180	1.1	1.1	1.1
Catalan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	990	405	585	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,140	915	1,220	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	1,750	830	920	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,585	2,230	2,355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	1,005	485	520	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,525	1,745	1,775	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	10,525	5,145	5,380	1.1	1.0	1.1	36,925	18,135	18,790	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	370	150	220	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,195	920	1,275	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	4,535	2,175	2,360	0.5	0.4	0.5	14,510	6,915	7,590	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	165	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	3,340	1,540	1,800	0.3	0.3	0.4	6,470	3,055	3,415	0.2	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	325	160	165	0.0	0.0	0.0	750	370	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	190	90	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	445	215	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	445	195	245	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	255	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	240	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	160	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	165	80	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	180	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	605	265	335	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,100	505	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	125	70	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	100	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	410	195	220	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,175	565	610	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	330	145	185	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	300	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	360	180	185	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,265	640	625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	120	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	310	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	185	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	105	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	135	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	485	280	210	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,325	765	560	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	410	230	175	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,065	610	455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	150	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30,100	14,195	15,910	3.0	2.9	3.2	81,325	38,350	42,970	1.9	1.8	2.0
Chinese languages	29,600	13,940	15,655	3.0	2.8	3.1	79,775	37,570	42,200	1.9	1.8	2.0
Hakka	210	85	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	125	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	14,405	7,015	7,395	1.4	1.4	1.5	40,005	19,245	20,765	0.9	0.9	1.0
Min Dong	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	465	195	270	0.0	0.0	0.1	985	405	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	105	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	130	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	14,030	6,415	7,615	1.4	1.3	1.5	37,205	17,195	20,010	0.9	0.8	0.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	370	180	190	0.0	0.0	0.0	965	455	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	475	240	235	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,505	765	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	125	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	320	160	160	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	280	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	265	130	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	230	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	265	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	400	180	225	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,410	655	755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	140	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	430	205	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	235	105	130	0.0	0.0	0.0	930	430	495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	1,360	720	635	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,685	1,405	1,285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	100	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	115	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	1,145	610	540	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,180	1,145	1,035	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	360	165	195	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,805	860	945	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	335	155	180	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,675	795	880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	58,930	28,590	30,340	5.9	5.7	6.0	166,875	81,225	85,650	4.0	3.9	4.1
English and French	2,445	1,180	1,265	0.2	0.2	0.3	8,010	3,875	4,130	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	54,020	26,250	27,765	5.4	5.3	5.5	152,980	74,600	78,375	3.6	3.5	3.7
French and non-official language(s)	400	175	225	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	345	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	775	385	395	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,755	845	915	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,290	595	695	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,355	1,560	1,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,000,745	497,935	502,805	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	792,140	396,600	395,535	79.2	79.6	78.7	3,610,710	1,812,855	1,797,850	85.5	86.0	85.1
English	77,010	38,210	38,800	7.7	7.7	7.7	224,860	111,370	113,495	5.3	5.3	5.4
French	8,150	3,865	4,285	0.8	0.8	0.9	30,900	14,530	16,375	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	94,890	45,245	49,645	9.5	9.1	9.9	279,795	133,050	146,750	6.6	6.3	6.9
Indigenous³⁹	1,555	630	920	0.2	0.1	0.2	10,470	4,835	5,630	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	93,340	44,615	48,720	9.3	9.0	9.7	269,325	128,210	141,115	6.4	6.1	6.7
English and French	1,120	540	575	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,825	1,370	1,455	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	13,430	6,680	6,750	1.3	1.3	1.3	34,750	17,340	17,410	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	2,760	1,295	1,465	0.3	0.3	0.3	7,875	3,655	4,220	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	295	145	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	295	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10,950	5,355	5,600	1.1	1.1	1.1	29,550	14,325	15,225	0.7	0.7	0.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	996,490	496,020	500,470	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	973,345	486,655	486,690	97.7	98.1	97.2	4,113,035	2,061,660	2,051,375	98.5	98.7	98.2
English	971,925	486,110	485,815	97.5	98.0	97.1	4,109,720	2,060,230	2,049,495	98.4	98.7	98.1
French	67,175	31,345	35,830	6.7	6.3	7.2	260,415	119,860	140,560	6.2	5.7	6.7
Non-official languages	410,435	197,970	212,465	41.2	39.9	42.5	1,215,795	587,465	628,325	29.1	28.1	30.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	3,585	1,495	2,090	0.4	0.3	0.4	32,910	15,640	17,275	0.8	0.7	0.8
Algonquian languages	3,140	1,355	1,785	0.3	0.3	0.4	29,220	13,945	15,275	0.7	0.7	0.7
Blackfoot	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,605	3,085	3,515	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cree-Innu languages	2,970	1,265	1,705	0.3	0.3	0.3	22,000	10,590	11,410	0.5	0.5	0.5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	2,955	1,265	1,690	0.3	0.3	0.3	21,980	10,585	11,395	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	100	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	1,045	390	655	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,265	1,840	2,425	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	320	140	185	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,155	1,060	1,100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.	1,525	710	820	0.2	0.1	0.2	15,405	7,600	7,800	0.4	0.4	0.4
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	140	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,050	480	570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,020	470	555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	635	290	345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	135	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	245	80	160	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,510	1,145	1,365	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	240	80	160	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,490	1,140	1,350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	120	35	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,760	840	920	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	165	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	120	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	45	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	70	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	55	0	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	60	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	55	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	105	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	115	35	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,155	580	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	105	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	455	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	35	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	407,055	196,545	210,510	40.8	39.6	42.1	1,183,510	572,060	611,450	28.3	27.4	29.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	55,510	28,335	27,180	5.6	5.7	5.4	123,440	63,820	59,620	3.0	3.1	2.9
Berber languages	200	110	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	630	370	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	160	75	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	215	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	135	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	395	230	165	0.0	0.0	0.0	845	500	345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	370	215	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	810	470	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	13,440	6,560	6,880	1.3	1.3	1.4	20,915	10,520	10,385	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bilen	550	275	275	0.1	0.1	0.1	810	415	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	2,605	1,305	1,295	0.3	0.3	0.3	5,390	2,775	2,610	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	10,405	5,025	5,385	1.0	1.0	1.1	14,865	7,395	7,475	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	90	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	44,095	22,820	21,265	4.4	4.6	4.2	105,580	54,910	50,670	2.5	2.6	2.4
Amharic	5,920	3,095	2,825	0.6	0.6	0.6	15,775	8,070	7,700	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arabic	33,200	17,375	15,830	3.3	3.5	3.2	76,760	40,430	36,335	1.8	1.9	1.7
Aramaic languages	190	90	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,125	625	495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	260	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	255	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	125	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	275	145	130	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	190	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	1,305	725	580	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,710	1,935	1,770	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	6,425	3,230	3,195	0.6	0.7	0.6	15,380	7,855	7,515	0.4	0.4	0.4
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	215	160	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	285	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	13,220	6,165	7,055	1.3	1.2	1.4	35,940	16,645	19,295	0.9	0.8	0.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,015	480	530	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,685	1,275	1,410	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	12,200	5,685	6,510	1.2	1.1	1.3	33,020	15,240	17,785	0.8	0.7	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	225	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	58,930	25,995	32,940	5.9	5.2	6.6	181,630	80,370	101,260	4.3	3.8	4.8
Bikol	305	160	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,140	605	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	970	435	535	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,010	1,285	1,720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	2,935	1,305	1,635	0.3	0.3	0.3	8,560	3,850	4,710	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	110	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	170	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	1,300	540	760	0.1	0.1	0.2	3,750	1,590	2,160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	4,370	1,815	2,550	0.4	0.4	0.5	13,710	5,825	7,885	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indonesian	755	290	465	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,410	1,045	1,355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	210	60	145	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	230	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	95	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	690	335	355	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,705	805	900	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	885	425	465	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,670	1,210	1,465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	410	160	250	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,215	560	660	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55,850	24,620	31,230	5.6	5.0	6.2	172,625	76,255	96,375	4.1	3.7	4.6
Waray-Waray	295	110	190	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015	460	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,585	740	845	0.2	0.1	0.2	5,045	2,295	2,750	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	2,405	1,190	1,220	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,360	2,730	2,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	665	345	320	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,435	765	670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	175	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	210	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	380	190	190	0.0	0.0	0.0	530	260	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	330	170	160	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	425	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	565	265	300	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,250	670	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	420	200	220	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,160	580	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	11,580	5,850	5,730	1.2	1.2	1.1	25,790	13,240	12,545	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kannada	535	275	260	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,785	915	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	6,130	3,085	3,045	0.6	0.6	0.6	12,090	6,195	5,890	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	4,375	2,345	2,035	0.4	0.5	0.4	10,105	5,340	4,760	0.2	0.3	0.2
Telugu	2,030	980	1,055	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,040	2,575	2,465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	80	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	80	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	175	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	191,820	94,550	97,270	19.2	19.1	19.4	607,625	300,360	307,265	14.5	14.4	14.7
Albanian	920	510	410	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,130	1,730	1,405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	205	95	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	440	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	31,195	14,495	16,705	3.1	2.9	3.3	88,305	41,660	46,640	2.1	2.0	2.2
Baltic languages	265	100	160	0.0	0.0	0.0	975	425	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	95	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	130	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	170	70	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	650	300	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	31,075	14,440	16,640	3.1	2.9	3.3	87,775	41,425	46,350	2.1	2.0	2.2
Belarusian	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	120	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	495	250	250	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,680	800	880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	775	370	405	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,880	1,930	1,950	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	250	115	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	635	295	345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	9,140	4,365	4,775	0.9	0.9	1.0	22,385	10,655	11,730	0.5	0.5	0.6
Russian	9,120	4,280	4,835	0.9	0.9	1.0	29,760	14,030	15,725	0.7	0.7	0.8
Rusyn	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5,195	2,580	2,615	0.5	0.5	0.5	13,860	6,820	7,035	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	1,280	625	655	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,470	1,675	1,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	2,500	1,280	1,215	0.3	0.3	0.2	6,945	3,440	3,510	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	2,565	1,250	1,315	0.3	0.3	0.3	6,415	3,155	3,260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	115	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	530	245	280	0.1	0.0	0.1	2,540	1,165	1,375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	265	120	145	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	335	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	9,900	4,235	5,665	1.0	0.9	1.1	23,340	10,625	12,715	0.6	0.5	0.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	275	100	175	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,175	565	610	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	145	55	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	260	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	110	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	170	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	17,595	8,380	9,215	1.8	1.7	1.8	107,065	53,150	53,915	2.6	2.5	2.6
Frisian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	175	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	13,130	6,370	6,760	1.3	1.3	1.4	66,405	33,105	33,300	1.6	1.6	1.6
German	12,980	6,285	6,700	1.3	1.3	1.3	65,370	32,550	32,820	1.6	1.6	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	155	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,585	785	800	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	65	50	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	135	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,780	1,730	2,050	0.4	0.3	0.4	38,720	19,390	19,320	0.9	0.9	0.9
Afrikaans	855	430	430	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,940	3,005	2,935	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	2,660	1,180	1,475	0.3	0.2	0.3	17,170	8,515	8,655	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,055	2,030	2,020	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	150	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	215	110	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,395	5,810	5,590	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	180	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	1,080	540	540	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,305	2,545	2,760	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	435	225	210	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,525	1,295	1,225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	45	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	260	150	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,235	555	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	370	170	200	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,620	760	855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	1,405	730	675	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,645	2,365	2,280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	100,910	51,360	49,550	10.1	10.4	9.9	266,095	135,440	130,660	6.4	6.5	6.3
Indo-Aryan languages	93,710	47,630	46,080	9.4	9.6	9.2	242,500	123,495	119,005	5.8	5.9	5.7
Assamese	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	105	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	3,720	1,890	1,820	0.4	0.4	0.4	10,675	5,385	5,285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	10,175	5,150	5,025	1.0	1.0	1.0	24,780	12,630	12,150	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hindi	39,515	20,190	19,330	4.0	4.1	3.9	94,015	48,065	45,945	2.3	2.3	2.2
Kacchi	1,040	470	575	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,495	1,550	1,945	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	160	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	285	160	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	860	430	425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	1,385	695	690	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,030	2,080	1,950	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	2,435	1,260	1,175	0.2	0.3	0.2	6,995	3,620	3,370	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	115	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	49,965	25,560	24,405	5.0	5.2	4.9	126,385	64,695	61,690	3.0	3.1	3.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	590	310	280	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,380	755	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,735	840	890	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,960	1,950	2,010	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	15,820	8,035	7,785	1.6	1.6	1.6	51,540	26,420	25,125	1.2	1.3	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	615	335	285	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,125	1,155	970	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	8,250	4,255	3,995	0.8	0.9	0.8	27,205	13,830	13,380	0.7	0.7	0.6
Baluchi	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	905	510	395	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,510	1,335	1,180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	1,120	585	530	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,550	2,335	2,220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	6,445	3,305	3,140	0.6	0.7	0.6	20,940	10,630	10,310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	2,150	1,080	1,075	0.2	0.2	0.2	7,385	3,640	3,745	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	3,620	1,865	1,750	0.4	0.4	0.3	11,130	5,755	5,370	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	760	395	360	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,710	1,390	1,320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	105	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	120	85	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	185	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	44,360	21,370	22,990	4.5	4.3	4.6	154,035	74,195	79,845	3.7	3.6	3.8
Catalan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	6,730	3,245	3,480	0.7	0.7	0.7	19,480	9,525	9,960	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	5,550	2,745	2,805	0.6	0.6	0.6	14,645	7,290	7,355	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	2,650	1,325	1,325	0.3	0.3	0.3	9,765	4,930	4,830	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	31,095	14,890	16,205	3.1	3.0	3.2	116,070	55,430	60,640	2.8	2.7	2.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	155	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	270	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	135	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	2,830	1,250	1,580	0.3	0.3	0.3	10,925	4,845	6,080	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	7,565	3,465	4,100	0.8	0.7	0.8	23,030	10,705	12,325	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mongolian	115	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	790	355	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	17,175	8,615	8,560	1.7	1.7	1.7	41,335	20,960	20,375	1.0	1.0	1.0
Akan (Twi)	1,565	755	815	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,555	1,805	1,755	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	80	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	80	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	290	150	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	400	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	270	145	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	265	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	245	135	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	270	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	185	95	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	265	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	540	245	295	0.1	0.0	0.1	730	350	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	160	75	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	205	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	1,260	580	675	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,685	2,390	2,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,480	780	700	0.1	0.2	0.1	1,955	1,010	945	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	855	455	400	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,555	790	765	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	95	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	180	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	480	225	255	0.0	0.0	0.1	950	465	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	990	515	475	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,305	675	630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	1,025	450	580	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,160	1,035	1,130	0.1	0.0	0.1
Soninke	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	105	35	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	140	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	4,715	2,530	2,185	0.5	0.5	0.4	9,495	5,040	4,455	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	95	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	85	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	450	225	220	0.0	0.0	0.0	730	400	330	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	3,005	1,560	1,445	0.3	0.3	0.3	10,490	5,265	5,220	0.3	0.3	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,755	1,330	1,425	0.3	0.3	0.3	6,385	3,160	3,230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,185	625	555	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,615	1,890	1,725	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	465	245	220	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,595	850	740	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	275	135	145	0.0	0.0	0.0	745	355	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	435	245	190	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,285	695	590	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	180	105	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	240	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	2,090	835	1,255	0.2	0.2	0.3	6,525	2,455	4,070	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	1,830	705	1,120	0.2	0.1	0.2	5,685	2,100	3,585	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	315	135	175	0.0	0.0	0.0	970	415	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	54,070	25,675	28,390	5.4	5.2	5.7	144,545	68,355	76,190	3.5	3.3	3.6
Chinese languages	53,025	25,175	27,850	5.3	5.1	5.6	141,465	66,830	74,635	3.4	3.2	3.6
Hakka	960	420	540	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,450	630	820	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	31,415	14,695	16,720	3.2	3.0	3.3	82,095	38,175	43,915	2.0	1.8	2.1
Min Dong	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,605	675	930	0.2	0.1	0.2	4,250	1,825	2,425	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	240	125	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	280	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	28,425	13,485	14,940	2.9	2.7	3.0	74,960	35,260	39,700	1.8	1.7	1.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	680	305	375	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,795	860	930	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	40	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	990	480	505	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,035	1,510	1,520	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	320	150	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	450	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	605	305	305	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,095	555	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	555	270	280	0.1	0.1	0.1	970	485	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	90	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	825	435	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	135	55	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	135	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	100	20	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	75	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,325	570	755	0.1	0.1	0.2	4,335	1,770	2,565	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	495	230	265	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,515	755	760	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	790	320	470	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,030	1,125	1,905	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	165	70	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	90	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	3,285	1,805	1,480	0.3	0.4	0.3	7,450	4,015	3,435	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	350	195	160	0.0	0.0	0.0	950	500	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	2,760	1,555	1,205	0.3	0.3	0.2	5,830	3,285	2,540	0.1	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	80	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	125	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	225	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	115	50	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	110	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,610	810	805	0.2	0.2	0.2	7,950	3,810	4,140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	105	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	195	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,020	480	540	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	1,385	710	675	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,700	3,235	3,465	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	460	240	220	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,135	630	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	996,485	496,015	500,470	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	58,165	27,510	30,660	5.8	5.5	6.1	284,470	137,665	146,800	6.8	6.6	7.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	56,235	26,555	29,675	5.6	5.4	5.9	276,060	133,625	142,435	6.6	6.4	6.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	27,840	12,920	14,920	2.8	2.6	3.0	145,640	70,360	75,285	3.5	3.4	3.6
Métis	27,570	13,285	14,285	2.8	2.7	2.9	127,470	61,780	65,690	3.1	3.0	3.1
Inuk (Inuit)	820	350	465	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,945	1,480	1,465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	1,300	660	640	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,785	2,435	2,350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	635	290	340	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,620	1,610	2,010	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	938,320	468,505	469,815	94.2	94.5	93.9	3,893,245	1,950,565	1,942,685	93.2	93.4	93.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	996,485	496,015	500,470	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	23,320	10,665	12,655	2.3	2.2	2.5	126,530	61,050	65,485	3.0	2.9	3.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	973,165	485,350	487,815	97.7	97.8	97.5	4,051,185	2,027,185	2,024,000	97.0	97.1	96.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	396,400	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	252,150	...	...	63.6	...	...	1,157,495	...	...	70.9	...	...
Renter	144,245	...	...	36.4	...	...	465,220	...	...	28.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	10,505	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	396,400	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	94,750	...	...	23.9	...	...	294,875	...	...	18.1	...	...
Not condominium	301,645	...	...	76.1	...	...	1,338,345	...	...	81.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	396,400	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	3,860	...	...	1.0	...	...	9,160	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	55,090	...	...	13.9	...	...	158,300	...	...	9.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	94,340	...	...	23.8	...	...	350,400	...	...	21.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	136,735	...	...	34.5	...	...	566,750	...	...	34.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	106,380	...	...	26.8	...	...	548,610	...	...	33.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	396,400	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	138,580	...	...	35.0	...	...	427,120	...	...	26.2	...	...
5 rooms	65,915	...	...	16.6	...	...	258,680	...	...	15.8	...	...
6 rooms	54,345	...	...	13.7	...	...	235,145	...	...	14.4	...	...
7 rooms	42,880	...	...	10.8	...	...	206,130	...	...	12.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	94,680	...	...	23.9	...	...	506,150	...	...	31.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	396,400	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	381,040	...	...	96.1	...	...	1,589,600	...	...	97.3	...	...
More than one person per room	15,355	...	...	3.9	...	...	43,620	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	396,400	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	370,185	...	...	93.4	...	...	1,556,960	...	...	95.3	...	...
Not suitable	26,210	...	...	6.6	...	...	76,260	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	396,400	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	50,230	...	...	12.7	...	...	168,925	...	...	10.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	110,385	...	...	27.8	...	...	428,655	...	...	26.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	43,560	...	...	11.0	...	...	188,550	...	...	11.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	39,315	...	...	9.9	...	...	224,315	...	...	13.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	32,950	...	...	8.3	...	...	152,840	...	...	9.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	34,225	...	...	8.6	...	...	168,905	...	...	10.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	42,510	...	...	10.7	...	...	161,095	...	...	9.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	43,230	...	...	10.9	...	...	139,935	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	396,400	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	375,390	...	...	94.7	...	...	1,543,795	...	...	94.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	21,010	...	...	5.3	...	...	89,420	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	396,400	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	200,305	...	...	50.5	...	...	802,915	...	...	49.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	171,270	...	...	43.2	...	...	745,175	...	...	45.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	24,820	...	...	6.3	...	...	85,130	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	396,400	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	15,715	...	...	4.0	...	...	51,475	...	...	3.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	72,840	...	...	18.4	...	...	260,820	...	...	16.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	85,785	...	...	21.6	...	...	341,390	...	...	20.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	70,715	...	...	17.8	...	...	304,080	...	...	18.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	70,130	...	...	17.7	...	...	311,335	...	...	19.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	48,765	...	...	12.3	...	...	222,825	...	...	13.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	22,995	...	...	5.8	...	...	105,505	...	...	6.5	...	...
85 years and over	9,455	...	...	2.4	...	...	35,775	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	394,485	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,588,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	298,595	...	...	75.7	...	...	1,251,370	...	...	78.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	95,885	...	...	24.3	...	...	337,585	...	...	21.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	87,405	...	...	22.2	...	...	306,355	...	...	19.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	396,400	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	130,890	...	...	33.0	...	...	463,775	...	...	28.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	85,155	...	...	21.5	...	...	304,300	...	...	18.6	...	...
Not suitable only	20,340	...	...	5.1	...	...	58,970	...	...	3.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	13,440	...	...	3.4	...	...	61,750	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	4,385	...	...	1.1	...	...	11,080	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	6,080	...	...	1.5	...	...	21,460	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,220	...	...	0.3	...	...	5,470	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	270	...	...	0.1	...	...	740	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	265,515	...	...	67.0	...	...	1,169,450	...	...	71.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	386,005	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,557,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	46,155	...	...	12.0	...	...	154,230	...	...	9.9	...	...
Not in core need	339,850	...	...	88.0	...	...	1,403,495	...	...	90.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	252,090	...	...	...	...	...	1,131,995	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.4	...	...	65.4	...	...	64.2	...	...	64.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.7	...	...	17.7	...	...	16.0	...	...	16.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,680	...	...	1,680	...	...	1,600	...	...	1,600	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	1,720	...	...	1,678	...	...	1,678	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	384,000	...	...	384,000	...	...	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	419,600	...	...	419,600	...	...	448,800	...	...	448,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	144,250	...	...	...	...	...	463,570	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.1	...	...	9.1	...	...	9.1	...	...	9.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.9	...	...	35.9	...	...	34.0	...	...	34.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.6	...	...	23.6	...	...	20.7	...	...	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,250	...	...	1,250	...	...	1,280	...	...	1,280	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,302	...	...	1,302	...	...	1,332	...	...	1,332	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...	10,505	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	302	...	...	302	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	350	...	...	350	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	996,485	496,015	500,475	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,715	2,088,230	2,089,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	24,160	11,380	12,780	2.4	2.3	2.6	135,650	66,545	69,110	3.2	3.2	3.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	23,160	10,940	12,220	2.3	2.2	2.4	131,200	64,375	66,820	3.1	3.1	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	16,895	7,895	9,005	1.7	1.6	1.8	101,455	49,465	51,990	2.4	2.4	2.5
Métis single ancestry	5,930	2,885	3,050	0.6	0.6	0.6	28,695	14,340	14,355	0.7	0.7	0.7
Inuit single ancestry	335	165	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,050	570	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	995	435	555	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,455	2,175	2,285	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	920	405	515	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,090	1,985	2,100	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	75	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	41,540	20,000	21,545	4.2	4.0	4.3	187,365	90,475	96,890	4.5	4.3	4.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	39,910	19,225	20,685	4.0	3.9	4.1	180,640	87,270	93,375	4.3	4.2	4.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	23,575	11,345	12,235	2.4	2.3	2.4	102,335	49,695	52,640	2.4	2.4	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15,795	7,585	8,205	1.6	1.5	1.6	76,055	36,420	39,640	1.8	1.7	1.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	535	290	245	0.1	0.1	0.0	2,255	1,155	1,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	1,630	770	855	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,720	3,210	3,515	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,490	700	785	0.1	0.1	0.2	6,150	2,915	3,235	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	140	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	130	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	930,790	464,640	466,150	93.4	93.7	93.1	3,854,695	1,931,210	1,923,485	92.3	92.5	92.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	996,485	496,015	500,470	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	863,500	431,725	431,775	86.7	87.0	86.3	3,792,705	1,903,020	1,889,685	90.8	91.1	90.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	197,490	101,310	96,185	19.8	20.4	19.2	900,670	463,925	436,745	21.6	22.2	20.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	666,005	330,415	335,590	66.8	66.6	67.1	2,892,035	1,439,095	1,452,945	69.2	68.9	69.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	132,985	64,290	68,700	13.3	13.0	13.7	385,010	185,215	199,795	9.2	8.9	9.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	996,485	496,015	500,470	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	648,190	326,580	321,610	65.0	65.8	64.3	3,141,915	1,585,765	1,556,150	75.2	75.9	74.5
Immigrants⁸¹	324,310	156,800	167,515	32.5	31.6	33.5	970,970	468,250	502,725	23.2	22.4	24.1
Before 1980	37,140	18,260	18,880	3.7	3.7	3.8	127,275	62,275	65,005	3.0	3.0	3.1
1980 to 1990	32,440	16,020	16,420	3.3	3.2	3.3	91,320	44,550	46,770	2.2	2.1	2.2
1991 to 2000	41,995	19,605	22,390	4.2	4.0	4.5	126,605	60,125	66,480	3.0	2.9	3.2
2001 to 2010	77,150	37,305	39,840	7.7	7.5	8.0	239,260	115,815	123,445	5.7	5.5	5.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	135,590	65,605	69,990	13.6	13.2	14.0	386,510	185,485	201,025	9.3	8.9	9.6
2011 to 2015	67,510	33,300	34,210	6.8	6.7	6.8	193,335	93,675	99,665	4.6	4.5	4.8
2016 to 2021	68,085	32,305	35,780	6.8	6.5	7.1	193,175	91,810	101,360	4.6	4.4	4.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	23,985	12,640	11,345	2.4	2.5	2.3	64,830	34,215	30,610	1.6	1.6	1.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	324,315	156,795	167,515	100.0	100.0	100.0	970,975	468,250	502,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	26,970	13,990	12,975	8.3	8.9	7.7	85,135	43,645	41,485	8.8	9.3	8.3
5 to 14 years	53,855	27,560	26,290	16.6	17.6	15.7	169,075	87,630	81,440	17.4	18.7	16.2
15 to 24 years	61,200	28,385	32,815	18.9	18.1	19.6	175,855	81,330	94,525	18.1	17.4	18.8
25 to 44 years	151,325	72,445	78,875	46.7	46.2	47.1	450,070	213,555	236,510	46.4	45.6	47.0
45 years and over	30,970	14,415	16,550	9.5	9.2	9.9	90,845	42,090	48,760	9.4	9.0	9.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	324,315	156,795	167,515	100.0	100.0	100.0	970,975	468,250	502,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	28,960	13,630	15,325	8.9	8.7	9.1	110,855	51,790	59,065	11.4	11.1	11.7
Brazil	995	375	615	0.3	0.2	0.4	3,800	1,590	2,210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Colombia	2,720	1,315	1,405	0.8	0.8	0.8	10,385	4,855	5,535	1.1	1.0	1.1
El Salvador	2,525	1,170	1,355	0.8	0.7	0.8	6,940	3,340	3,600	0.7	0.7	0.7
Guyana	1,145	570	575	0.4	0.4	0.3	2,375	1,175	1,205	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haiti	600	315	280	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,370	745	625	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaica	3,440	1,590	1,855	1.1	1.0	1.1	8,695	4,160	4,530	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mexico	2,820	1,430	1,385	0.9	0.9	0.8	17,990	8,935	9,055	1.9	1.9	1.8
Peru	485	205	280	0.1	0.1	0.2	1,905	825	1,075	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	1,370	625	745	0.4	0.4	0.4	3,360	1,560	1,800	0.3	0.3	0.4
United States of America	6,290	2,855	3,440	1.9	1.8	2.1	30,540	13,490	17,050	3.1	2.9	3.4
Other places of birth in Americas	6,570	3,175	3,390	2.0	2.0	2.0	23,500	11,110	12,395	2.4	2.4	2.5
Europe	47,105	23,130	23,975	14.5	14.8	14.3	180,590	90,195	90,395	18.6	19.3	18.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,530	775	750	0.5	0.5	0.4	4,335	2,155	2,185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Croatia	1,315	670	650	0.4	0.4	0.4	3,405	1,710	1,700	0.4	0.4	0.3
France	715	320	395	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,720	1,330	1,390	0.3	0.3	0.3
Germany	4,025	1,950	2,080	1.2	1.2	1.2	16,635	8,000	8,635	1.7	1.7	1.7
Greece	560	310	245	0.2	0.2	0.1	1,895	1,035	855	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungary	650	320	330	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,080	1,505	1,580	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italy	2,755	1,320	1,435	0.8	0.8	0.9	6,990	3,605	3,380	0.7	0.8	0.7
Netherlands	2,005	980	1,030	0.6	0.6	0.6	12,730	6,680	6,050	1.3	1.4	1.2
Poland	6,475	3,040	3,435	2.0	1.9	2.1	15,595	7,280	8,315	1.6	1.6	1.7
Portugal	2,085	1,035	1,045	0.6	0.7	0.6	3,730	1,895	1,835	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romania	1,915	940	970	0.6	0.6	0.6	7,190	3,585	3,605	0.7	0.8	0.7
Russian Federation	1,945	830	1,120	0.6	0.5	0.7	7,470	3,205	4,260	0.8	0.7	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	830	400	430	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,220	1,075	1,145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	3,615	1,585	2,025	1.1	1.0	1.2	8,915	4,050	4,870	0.9	0.9	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	9,990	5,285	4,705	3.1	3.4	2.8	56,675	29,555	27,125	5.8	6.3	5.4
Other places of birth in Europe	6,690	3,360	3,335	2.1	2.1	2.0	26,990	13,535	13,460	2.8	2.9	2.7
Africa	47,395	23,980	23,415	14.6	15.3	14.0	119,295	60,715	58,580	12.3	13.0	11.7
Algeria	365	220	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,220	665	560	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,830	940	890	0.6	0.6	0.5	3,215	1,640	1,575	0.3	0.4	0.3
Egypt	2,670	1,460	1,210	0.8	0.9	0.7	6,760	3,660	3,095	0.7	0.8	0.6
Eritrea	4,090	2,235	1,855	1.3	1.4	1.1	9,720	5,230	4,495	1.0	1.1	0.9
Ethiopia	5,605	2,675	2,930	1.7	1.7	1.7	14,420	7,085	7,340	1.5	1.5	1.5
Morocco	890	435	450	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,130	1,100	1,035	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	5,675	2,995	2,680	1.7	1.9	1.6	21,065	10,925	10,145	2.2	2.3	2.0
Somalia	5,765	2,835	2,930	1.8	1.8	1.7	8,545	4,260	4,285	0.9	0.9	0.9
South Africa, Republic of	1,805	865	940	0.6	0.6	0.6	8,960	4,430	4,535	0.9	0.9	0.9
Other places of birth in Africa	18,700	9,300	9,395	5.8	5.9	5.6	43,250	21,720	21,530	4.5	4.6	4.3
Asia	196,955	94,215	102,745	60.7	60.1	61.3	549,965	260,520	289,440	56.6	55.6	57.6
Afghanistan	1,850	880	970	0.6	0.6	0.6	6,585	3,235	3,350	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	2,630	1,360	1,275	0.8	0.9	0.8	8,865	4,625	4,245	0.9	1.0	0.8
Iraq	1,780	960	825	0.5	0.6	0.5	6,220	3,225	2,990	0.6	0.7	0.6
Lebanon	4,550	2,440	2,110	1.4	1.6	1.3	9,960	5,375	4,585	1.0	1.1	0.9
Syria⁸⁹	4,370	2,355	2,010	1.3	1.5	1.2	9,975	5,310	4,665	1.0	1.1	0.9
Turkey	1,525	915	615	0.5	0.6	0.4	2,830	1,575	1,260	0.3	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	21,110	9,560	11,545	6.5	6.1	6.9	61,390	27,935	33,455	6.3	6.0	6.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	6,985	3,430	3,550	2.2	2.2	2.1	18,725	9,090	9,630	1.9	1.9	1.9
Korea, South⁹²	5,565	2,580	2,990	1.7	1.6	1.8	16,180	7,545	8,635	1.7	1.6	1.7
Taiwan	935	385	550	0.3	0.2	0.3	3,395	1,415	1,980	0.3	0.3	0.4
Philippines	54,855	24,295	30,565	16.9	15.5	18.2	167,735	74,205	93,530	17.3	15.8	18.6
Viet Nam	10,285	4,825	5,460	3.2	3.1	3.3	27,880	12,700	15,180	2.9	2.7	3.0
Bangladesh	2,055	1,045	1,015	0.6	0.7	0.6	6,035	3,080	2,960	0.6	0.7	0.6
India	50,440	25,490	24,950	15.6	16.3	14.9	122,150	61,405	60,740	12.6	13.1	12.1
Pakistan	8,900	4,475	4,420	2.7	2.9	2.6	30,810	15,690	15,120	3.2	3.4	3.0
Sri Lanka	2,150	1,090	1,060	0.7	0.7	0.6	4,930	2,490	2,445	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	16,975	8,130	8,840	5.2	5.2	5.3	46,305	21,615	24,690	4.8	4.6	4.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	3,890	1,840	2,055	1.2	1.2	1.2	10,275	5,030	5,240	1.1	1.1	1.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	68,085	32,305	35,780	100.0	100.0	100.0	193,170	91,815	101,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	5,305	2,495	2,805	7.8	7.7	7.8	19,300	8,985	10,320	10.0	9.8	10.2
Brazil	295	120	180	0.4	0.4	0.5	1,365	555	810	0.7	0.6	0.8
Colombia	455	200	250	0.7	0.6	0.7	1,310	535	775	0.7	0.6	0.8
Haiti	85	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1	220	135	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	950	460	490	1.4	1.4	1.4	2,130	985	1,145	1.1	1.1	1.1
Mexico	1,035	565	475	1.5	1.7	1.3	4,165	2,140	2,025	2.2	2.3	2.0
United States of America	1,120	530	595	1.6	1.6	1.7	5,175	2,460	2,715	2.7	2.7	2.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	170	65	100	0.2	0.2	0.3	1,220	525	695	0.6	0.6	0.7
Other places of birth in Americas	1,200	510	690	1.8	1.6	1.9	3,715	1,645	2,070	1.9	1.8	2.0
Europe	4,400	2,165	2,235	6.5	6.7	6.2	15,750	7,955	7,795	8.2	8.7	7.7
France	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1	405	200	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	160	60	100	0.2	0.2	0.3	750	310	445	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	280	165	120	0.4	0.5	0.3	1,060	640	425	0.5	0.7	0.4
Italy	150	85	65	0.2	0.3	0.2	470	285	180	0.2	0.3	0.2
Russian Federation	260	100	165	0.4	0.3	0.5	1,090	395	695	0.6	0.4	0.7
Ukraine	745	310	435	1.1	1.0	1.2	2,045	920	1,125	1.1	1.0	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	785	435	350	1.2	1.3	1.0	3,800	2,170	1,630	2.0	2.4	1.6
Other places of birth in Europe	1,890	940	950	2.8	2.9	2.7	6,135	3,045	3,090	3.2	3.3	3.0
Africa	13,520	6,490	7,030	19.9	20.1	19.6	34,320	16,870	17,450	17.8	18.4	17.2
Algeria	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	155	50	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundi	380	200	180	0.6	0.6	0.5	450	220	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cameroon	380	145	230	0.6	0.4	0.6	905	385	520	0.5	0.4	0.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	590	285	305	0.9	0.9	0.9	920	450	465	0.5	0.5	0.5
Côte d'Ivoire	190	75	115	0.3	0.2	0.3	265	125	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	480	230	250	0.7	0.7	0.7	1,190	595	595	0.6	0.6	0.6
Eritrea	2,045	1,020	1,020	3.0	3.2	2.9	5,120	2,665	2,450	2.7	2.9	2.4
Ethiopia	1,580	705	875	2.3	2.2	2.4	3,960	1,865	2,100	2.1	2.0	2.1
Morocco	175	65	115	0.3	0.2	0.3	510	215	290	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nigeria	2,770	1,430	1,340	4.1	4.4	3.7	9,840	4,950	4,890	5.1	5.4	4.8
Somalia	1,275	665	615	1.9	2.1	1.7	1,960	970	985	1.0	1.1	1.0
South Africa, Republic of	295	130	160	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,950	1,025	930	1.0	1.1	0.9
Sudan⁹⁷	485	220	260	0.7	0.7	0.7	1,135	530	605	0.6	0.6	0.6
Tunisia	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2	250	150	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	2,705	1,235	1,470	4.0	3.8	4.1	5,725	2,680	3,040	3.0	2.9	3.0
Asia	44,495	20,955	23,540	65.4	64.9	65.8	122,360	57,210	65,145	63.3	62.3	64.3
Afghanistan	415	225	190	0.6	0.7	0.5	1,350	655	700	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bangladesh	440	200	245	0.6	0.6	0.7	1,135	540	590	0.6	0.6	0.6
China⁹⁰	3,540	1,540	2,005	5.2	4.8	5.6	9,495	4,095	5,400	4.9	4.5	5.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	345	160	180	0.5	0.5	0.5	730	330	395	0.4	0.4	0.4
India	14,005	7,085	6,920	20.6	21.9	19.3	31,815	16,070	15,745	16.5	17.5	15.5
Iran⁸⁸	510	230	275	0.7	0.7	0.8	1,420	665	750	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iraq	315	165	150	0.5	0.5	0.4	1,305	625	680	0.7	0.7	0.7
Israel	270	160	110	0.4	0.5	0.3	660	365	295	0.3	0.4	0.3
Japan	85	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2	335	50	285	0.2	0.1	0.3
Jordan	240	125	120	0.4	0.4	0.3	455	235	220	0.2	0.3	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	1,195	485	705	1.8	1.5	2.0	3,425	1,440	1,990	1.8	1.6	2.0
Lebanon	420	190	225	0.6	0.6	0.6	955	455	500	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nepal	510	235	275	0.7	0.7	0.8	1,365	670	695	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pakistan	1,295	600	690	1.9	1.9	1.9	4,085	1,950	2,130	2.1	2.1	2.1
Philippines	14,200	6,285	7,915	20.9	19.5	22.1	47,605	21,395	26,215	24.6	23.3	25.9
Saudi Arabia	375	170	205	0.6	0.5	0.6	690	360	325	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sri Lanka	415	200	215	0.6	0.6	0.6	740	370	365	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	3,310	1,795	1,515	4.9	5.6	4.2	7,295	3,900	3,400	3.8	4.2	3.4
Turkey	415	215	200	0.6	0.7	0.6	845	405	440	0.4	0.4	0.4
United Arab Emirates	260	140	120	0.4	0.4	0.3	690	375	315	0.4	0.4	0.3
Viet Nam	670	230	435	1.0	0.7	1.2	1,760	580	1,180	0.9	0.6	1.2
Other places of birth in Asia	1,270	510	760	1.9	1.6	2.1	4,205	1,670	2,540	2.2	1.8	2.5
Oceania and other⁹³	365	195	170	0.5	0.6	0.5	1,445	785	655	0.7	0.9	0.6
Australia	185	125	55	0.3	0.4	0.2	940	510	430	0.5	0.6	0.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	185	70	110	0.3	0.2	0.3	500	280	220	0.3	0.3	0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	996,485	496,015	500,470	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	356,830	173,885	182,945	35.8	35.1	36.6	1,074,140	522,255	551,885	25.7	25.0	26.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	217,370	108,715	108,655	21.8	21.9	21.7	777,505	391,285	386,215	18.6	18.7	18.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	422,280	213,410	208,870	42.4	43.0	41.7	2,326,075	1,174,690	1,151,385	55.7	56.3	55.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	287,175	138,540	148,640	100.0	100.0	100.0	843,700	405,975	437,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	153,380	77,385	75,995	53.4	55.9	51.1	471,325	236,805	234,520	55.9	58.3	53.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	64,270	38,640	25,635	22.4	27.9	17.2	192,785	116,035	76,755	22.8	28.6	17.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	89,110	38,745	50,360	31.0	28.0	33.9	278,535	120,765	157,765	33.0	29.7	36.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	81,980	33,610	48,370	28.5	24.3	32.5	240,090	98,410	141,680	28.5	24.2	32.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	49,110	26,205	22,910	17.1	18.9	15.4	123,970	66,715	57,255	14.7	16.4	13.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	2,705	1,340	1,365	0.9	1.0	0.9	8,315	4,050	4,265	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	287,175	138,540	148,640	100.0	100.0	100.0	843,700	405,975	437,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	11,065	6,320	4,745	3.9	4.6	3.2	29,815	17,215	12,595	3.5	4.2	2.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	38,980	17,800	21,185	13.6	12.8	14.3	126,640	57,515	69,125	15.0	14.2	15.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	8,135	4,145	3,995	2.8	3.0	2.7	24,340	12,430	11,910	2.9	3.1	2.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	17,930	10,110	7,815	6.2	7.3	5.3	47,540	25,735	21,805	5.6	6.3	5.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	1,160	480	680	0.4	0.3	0.5	3,740	1,430	2,305	0.4	0.4	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	209,905	99,685	110,215	73.1	72.0	74.1	611,625	291,650	319,975	72.5	71.8	73.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	996,485	496,015	500,470	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	426,195	210,120	216,070	42.8	42.4	43.2	1,161,420	571,535	589,885	27.8	27.4	28.2
South Asian	114,985	58,570	56,420	11.5	11.8	11.3	297,650	152,030	145,620	7.1	7.3	7.0
Chinese	59,740	28,960	30,780	6.0	5.8	6.2	164,235	79,520	84,710	3.9	3.8	4.1
Black	75,525	37,955	37,570	7.6	7.7	7.5	177,940	90,375	87,570	4.3	4.3	4.2
Filipino	70,550	32,405	38,140	7.1	6.5	7.6	216,710	99,540	117,170	5.2	4.8	5.6
Arab	30,485	15,920	14,565	3.1	3.2	2.9	69,505	36,555	32,955	1.7	1.8	1.6
Latin American	19,455	9,445	10,010	2.0	1.9	2.0	66,520	32,115	34,405	1.6	1.5	1.6
Southeast Asian	19,205	9,015	10,190	1.9	1.8	2.0	54,005	25,215	28,790	1.3	1.2	1.4
West Asian	7,690	3,960	3,730	0.8	0.8	0.7	25,075	12,835	12,240	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korean	8,045	3,790	4,255	0.8	0.8	0.9	24,365	11,600	12,770	0.6	0.6	0.6
Japanese	2,180	950	1,235	0.2	0.2	0.2	13,560	6,135	7,425	0.3	0.3	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	4,240	2,040	2,205	0.4	0.4	0.4	12,100	5,985	6,120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	14,090	7,115	6,975	1.4	1.4	1.4	39,745	19,625	20,120	1.0	0.9	1.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	570,295	285,890	284,400	57.2	57.6	56.8	3,016,295	1,516,700	1,499,605	72.2	72.6	71.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	996,490	496,015	500,470	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	84,995	44,550	40,445	8.5	9.0	8.1	484,655	251,795	232,860	11.6	12.1	11.1
English	132,440	65,940	66,495	13.3	13.3	13.3	766,070	376,940	389,130	18.3	18.1	18.6
Irish	108,030	52,370	55,655	10.8	10.6	11.1	561,915	270,440	291,470	13.5	13.0	13.9
Scottish	116,785	57,665	59,120	11.7	11.6	11.8	631,015	309,855	321,160	15.1	14.8	15.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	73,060	36,180	36,880	7.3	7.3	7.4	340,900	167,270	173,635	8.2	8.0	8.3
German	115,540	56,870	58,665	11.6	11.5	11.7	641,025	317,325	323,705	15.3	15.2	15.5
Chinese	64,525	30,980	33,550	6.5	6.2	6.7	177,990	85,545	92,440	4.3	4.1	4.4
Italian	22,640	11,365	11,280	2.3	2.3	2.3	98,730	49,855	48,875	2.4	2.4	2.3
Indian (India)	61,940	31,180	30,755	6.2	6.3	6.1	155,700	79,060	76,640	3.7	3.8	3.7
Ukrainian	92,615	44,880	47,730	9.3	9.0	9.5	343,640	169,070	174,575	8.2	8.1	8.4
Dutch	29,900	14,705	15,195	3.0	3.0	3.0	174,625	87,015	87,610	4.2	4.2	4.2
Polish	44,080	20,835	23,240	4.4	4.2	4.6	169,925	82,005	87,915	4.1	3.9	4.2
Québécois	1,270	740	530	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,380	2,810	2,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	23,035	11,785	11,250	2.3	2.4	2.2	124,835	63,065	61,770	3.0	3.0	3.0
Filipino	67,395	31,160	36,235	6.8	6.3	7.2	203,955	94,020	109,935	4.9	4.5	5.3
French Canadian	7,185	3,370	3,815	0.7	0.7	0.8	32,365	15,655	16,710	0.8	0.7	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	13,740	7,090	6,645	1.4	1.4	1.3	73,475	37,700	35,780	1.8	1.8	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15,175	7,125	8,045	1.5	1.4	1.6	73,355	35,940	37,415	1.8	1.7	1.8
Métis	24,235	11,630	12,605	2.4	2.3	2.5	115,455	55,915	59,535	2.8	2.7	2.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	13,250	6,990	6,260	1.3	1.4	1.3	70,790	36,360	34,425	1.7	1.7	1.6
Russian	17,395	8,210	9,185	1.7	1.7	1.8	97,890	46,455	51,435	2.3	2.2	2.5
Norwegian	25,790	12,575	13,220	2.6	2.5	2.6	154,535	74,455	80,085	3.7	3.6	3.8
Welsh	14,425	7,240	7,185	1.4	1.5	1.4	76,810	36,840	39,970	1.8	1.8	1.9
Portuguese	8,175	4,175	3,995	0.8	0.8	0.8	21,415	10,745	10,680	0.5	0.5	0.5
American	10,515	5,150	5,370	1.1	1.0	1.1	66,100	32,535	33,560	1.6	1.6	1.6
Spanish	11,065	5,110	5,955	1.1	1.0	1.2	40,165	18,395	21,770	1.0	0.9	1.0
Swedish	16,210	7,425	8,785	1.6	1.5	1.8	92,975	43,950	49,025	2.2	2.1	2.3
Hungarian	8,750	4,395	4,360	0.9	0.9	0.9	51,360	25,175	26,185	1.2	1.2	1.3
Acadian	1,955	995	960	0.2	0.2	0.2	10,110	5,175	4,935	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	12,175	6,155	6,015	1.2	1.2	1.2	39,535	20,140	19,390	0.9	1.0	0.9
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	13,365	6,685	6,680	1.3	1.3	1.3	34,225	17,015	17,210	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jewish	4,210	2,110	2,100	0.4	0.4	0.4	14,405	7,195	7,210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	15,425	8,010	7,415	1.5	1.6	1.5	37,585	19,270	18,315	0.9	0.9	0.9
Vietnamese	14,465	7,020	7,445	1.5	1.4	1.5	39,395	18,815	20,580	0.9	0.9	1.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	9,970	5,220	4,755	1.0	1.1	1.0	23,860	12,675	11,185	0.6	0.6	0.5
Greek	3,645	1,950	1,690	0.4	0.4	0.3	13,980	7,290	6,690	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	5,455	2,730	2,725	0.5	0.6	0.5	15,620	7,845	7,775	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	9,650	4,675	4,980	1.0	0.9	1.0	31,255	15,030	16,225	0.7	0.7	0.8
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	13,325	6,290	7,035	1.3	1.3	1.4	62,465	30,145	32,315	1.5	1.4	1.5
Korean	7,835	3,720	4,110	0.8	0.7	0.8	24,170	11,505	12,660	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	7,430	3,580	3,850	0.7	0.7	0.8	31,530	14,880	16,650	0.8	0.7	0.8
Lebanese	12,085	6,080	6,005	1.2	1.2	1.2	28,480	14,600	13,880	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iranian	3,440	1,770	1,665	0.3	0.4	0.3	10,550	5,380	5,165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	3,070	1,530	1,540	0.3	0.3	0.3	14,380	7,135	7,240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	8,805	4,245	4,560	0.9	0.9	0.9	56,190	27,550	28,640	1.3	1.3	1.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	6,775	3,330	3,445	0.7	0.7	0.7	26,435	12,745	13,695	0.6	0.6	0.7
Sikh	10,965	5,715	5,245	1.1	1.2	1.0	28,860	15,005	13,855	0.7	0.7	0.7
Austrian	7,995	4,030	3,965	0.8	0.8	0.8	36,220	17,895	18,325	0.9	0.9	0.9
Belgian	4,090	2,000	2,095	0.4	0.4	0.4	21,985	10,715	11,270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	815	425	390	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,460	1,255	1,200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	9,145	4,720	4,430	0.9	1.0	0.9	20,535	10,485	10,050	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mexican	5,240	2,595	2,640	0.5	0.5	0.5	25,450	12,870	12,580	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mennonite	2,330	1,065	1,260	0.2	0.2	0.3	31,565	15,825	15,740	0.8	0.8	0.8
Swiss	3,485	1,735	1,745	0.3	0.3	0.3	22,450	11,045	11,405	0.5	0.5	0.5
Finnish	3,165	1,455	1,710	0.3	0.3	0.3	18,705	9,040	9,665	0.4	0.4	0.5
Sri Lankan	2,120	1,050	1,070	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,140	2,600	2,540	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	3,960	2,010	1,950	0.4	0.4	0.4	13,720	6,830	6,890	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	3,235	1,490	1,745	0.3	0.3	0.3	18,605	8,565	10,040	0.4	0.4	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	3,120	1,535	1,585	0.3	0.3	0.3	8,945	4,525	4,420	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,390	695	695	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,305	4,030	4,275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	4,725	2,505	2,220	0.5	0.5	0.4	25,800	13,080	12,720	0.6	0.6	0.6
Muslim	5,170	2,555	2,615	0.5	0.5	0.5	12,420	6,350	6,065	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egyptian	3,775	2,025	1,755	0.4	0.4	0.4	9,585	5,080	4,505	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	3,190	1,580	1,615	0.3	0.3	0.3	12,105	5,985	6,125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	1,360	715	650	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,160	1,645	1,515	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	3,185	1,620	1,560	0.3	0.3	0.3	19,720	9,865	9,850	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombian	2,875	1,400	1,475	0.3	0.3	0.3	11,115	5,380	5,735	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moroccan	1,140	600	545	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,620	1,375	1,250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	3,530	1,575	1,955	0.4	0.3	0.4	19,730	9,465	10,260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	3,980	2,075	1,905	0.4	0.4	0.4	9,520	4,880	4,645	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	1,355	730	625	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,370	1,715	1,655	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	2,805	1,415	1,390	0.3	0.3	0.3	10,380	5,155	5,225	0.2	0.2	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	2,810	1,380	1,430	0.3	0.3	0.3	6,880	3,570	3,310	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	2,680	1,310	1,370	0.3	0.3	0.3	7,410	3,655	3,760	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	1,060	520	535	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,680	2,280	2,395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	1,320	715	610	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,615	4,495	4,125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	2,385	1,245	1,140	0.2	0.3	0.2	6,715	3,340	3,375	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ontarian	470	250	220	0.0	0.1	0.0	3,155	1,505	1,655	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	1,420	700	720	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,640	2,425	2,215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,960	960	1,000	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,595	2,300	2,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	3,100	1,735	1,370	0.3	0.3	0.3	6,670	3,725	2,945	0.2	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	965	500	465	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,935	2,065	1,870	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	2,370	1,300	1,070	0.2	0.3	0.2	6,525	3,435	3,090	0.2	0.2	0.1
Algerian	410	195	220	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,300	680	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	1,340	595	745	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,000	2,340	2,655	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	3,995	2,020	1,975	0.4	0.4	0.4	14,600	7,585	7,015	0.3	0.4	0.3
Armenian	515	250	265	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,870	930	940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	1,985	975	1,015	0.2	0.2	0.2	10,525	5,200	5,320	0.3	0.2	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	1,710	785	925	0.2	0.2	0.2	7,430	3,470	3,965	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	11,460	5,590	5,870	1.2	1.1	1.2	16,310	8,160	8,150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Taiwanese	1,070	460	605	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,630	1,510	2,120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	1,270	705	570	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,725	2,385	2,345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	2,900	1,380	1,525	0.3	0.3	0.3	7,055	3,475	3,580	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	915	435	480	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,290	1,180	1,110	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	2,285	1,065	1,220	0.2	0.2	0.2	7,445	3,460	3,980	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	2,145	1,205	940	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,800	3,120	2,680	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	1,650	735	915	0.2	0.1	0.2	3,670	1,735	1,930	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	360	145	215	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,680	820	860	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	750	370	380	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,215	995	1,220	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	1,460	695	765	0.1	0.1	0.2	5,670	2,635	3,035	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	1,465	685	790	0.1	0.1	0.2	8,400	4,055	4,345	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	1,345	665	690	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,395	4,275	4,125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	2,080	1,085	1,000	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,425	2,365	2,060	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	2,790	1,390	1,400	0.3	0.3	0.3	7,350	3,765	3,590	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	1,830	945	885	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,540	1,815	1,725	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	345	160	180	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,590	1,280	1,310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	5,165	2,475	2,685	0.5	0.5	0.5	13,505	6,620	6,875	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	1,515	705	810	0.2	0.1	0.2	5,735	2,690	3,045	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	735	330	410	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,670	1,270	1,395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	2,350	1,230	1,120	0.2	0.2	0.2	8,895	4,535	4,360	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,740	875	865	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,535	2,235	2,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	370	200	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	995	550	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	950	530	420	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,240	1,810	1,430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	220	125	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,535	800	730	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	290	135	160	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	440	485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	1,035	520	515	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,860	1,935	1,925	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	1,005	465	545	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,220	2,505	2,715	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	315	180	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,545	790	760	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	1,920	945	975	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,210	2,140	2,070	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	4,580	2,295	2,280	0.5	0.5	0.5	11,010	5,580	5,430	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Canadian	1,000	500	500	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,605	1,305	1,305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	505	290	210	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,920	995	925	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	465	205	265	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,965	1,020	950	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	1,410	605	805	0.1	0.1	0.2	8,235	3,925	4,310	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	615	310	300	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,490	1,205	1,290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	4,100	2,070	2,025	0.4	0.4	0.4	26,600	13,605	12,990	0.6	0.7	0.6
Ghanaian	1,845	890	955	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,015	2,025	1,995	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	540	300	245	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,725	835	895	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	1,100	585	520	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,250	1,665	1,585	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	1,060	480	575	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,085	1,990	2,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	470	260	215	0.0	0.1	0.0	855	440	415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,165	625	545	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,640	1,890	1,745	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	650	330	320	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,125	985	1,140	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	1,435	735	695	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,170	2,065	2,100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	605	315	290	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,240	2,015	2,220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	110	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	705	340	360	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,920	1,450	1,470	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	760	385	375	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,190	1,090	1,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	860	365	490	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,205	1,060	1,140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	665	320	345	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,395	1,185	1,210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	1,115	470	645	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,640	1,660	1,985	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	740	370	370	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,460	1,225	1,235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	1,935	860	1,070	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,045	2,785	3,255	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern Irish	570	275	300	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,525	1,205	1,320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	460	255	205	0.0	0.1	0.0	2,405	1,230	1,175	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	285	115	165	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,940	965	980	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	345	170	180	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	465	515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	190	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	450	225	225	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,030	1,030	1,000	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	455	230	225	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,640	1,280	1,365	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	1,025	540	485	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,290	1,180	1,110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	2,335	1,115	1,220	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,155	2,040	2,115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	1,150	580	570	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,875	1,445	1,430	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	350	195	150	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,195	1,125	1,070	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	720	350	365	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,285	650	635	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	1,130	435	695	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,535	1,240	2,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	325	155	170	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	525	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	1,860	975	890	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,140	2,655	2,485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	110	70	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	125	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	195	85	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	690	345	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	1,355	740	625	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,245	2,750	2,495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	875	430	445	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,310	1,120	1,190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	1,050	495	555	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,220	2,020	2,200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	560	290	275	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,115	5,290	5,830	0.3	0.3	0.3
Abenaki	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	570	265	305	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,070	1,065	1,005	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	290	150	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,360	645	710	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	610	290	315	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,175	1,630	1,545	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	1,700	945	760	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,225	2,690	2,530	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	155	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	315	140	175	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,950	770	1,180	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	1,150	485	660	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,640	1,205	1,435	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	950	430	515	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,360	2,660	2,705	0.1	0.1	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	340	165	175	0.0	0.0	0.0	965	470	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	55	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	140	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	500	230	270	0.1	0.0	0.1	4,150	1,935	2,210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	925	445	480	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,200	1,080	1,125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	55	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	185	120	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	495	330	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	1,135	590	540	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,715	1,400	1,315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	405	175	230	0.0	0.0	0.0	685	330	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	385	155	230	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,990	910	1,075	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	175	80	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	550	240	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	805	420	385	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,155	575	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	2,465	1,290	1,175	0.2	0.3	0.2	5,075	2,745	2,325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	510	275	240	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,780	895	880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	355	175	185	0.0	0.0	0.0	985	450	540	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	1,035	495	545	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,710	1,315	1,395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	40	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	445	200	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	595	305	290	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,175	575	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	210	125	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,595	845	750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	145	55	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	305	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	990	525	470	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,605	860	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	255	120	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	245	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	755	385	375	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,705	900	800	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	140	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	460	235	225	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,220	590	630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	330	155	175	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,405	710	695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	345	140	205	0.0	0.0	0.0	905	395	515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	395	190	210	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,075	1,030	1,040	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	910	460	455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	135	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	150	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	280	145	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	740	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	85	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	250	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	205	95	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	215	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	265	125	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	975	500	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	65	45	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	185	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	370	190	175	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,370	715	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	570	295	280	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,785	855	925	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	130	70	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	295	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	340	160	180	0.0	0.0	0.0	865	440	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	850	455	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	1,345	600	740	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,825	1,300	1,530	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	415	200	210	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,115	535	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	390	185	205	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,690	805	885	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	100	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	160	75	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	185	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	160	90	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	135	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	970	470	500	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,595	780	815	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	1,885	1,010	870	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,745	2,025	1,715	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tanzanian	555	295	260	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,500	775	725	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	475	225	250	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,160	565	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	220	115	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	165	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	440	285	155	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,010	620	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	235	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	80	55	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	145	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	270	130	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	840	400	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	295	140	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	410	330	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	675	310	365	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,535	1,145	1,395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	265	140	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	190	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	275	115	160	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,295	1,120	1,180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guinean	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	190	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	155	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	235	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	280	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	145	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	160	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	250	135	115	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	310	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	145	75	70	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	305	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	225	100	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	595	290	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	120	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	50	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	315	130	180	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,195	575	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	270	130	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	340	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	560	260	295	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,120	560	560	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	405	220	190	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,145	625	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	185	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	800	420	380	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,755	925	825	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	125	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	996,485	496,015	500,470	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	15,365	6,895	8,475	1.5	1.4	1.7	42,830	19,140	23,690	1.0	0.9	1.1
Christian	444,690	208,455	236,230	44.6	42.0	47.2	2,009,820	952,440	1,057,385	48.1	45.6	50.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	90,430	42,855	47,575	9.1	8.6	9.5	429,375	207,320	222,055	10.3	9.9	10.6
Anabaptist	1,070	475	595	0.1	0.1	0.1	20,035	10,075	9,960	0.5	0.5	0.5
Anglican	17,325	7,855	9,470	1.7	1.6	1.9	95,560	43,925	51,635	2.3	2.1	2.5
Baptist	10,845	4,985	5,860	1.1	1.0	1.2	44,605	20,650	23,955	1.1	1.0	1.1
Catholic	208,905	99,210	109,695	21.0	20.0	21.9	833,025	399,750	433,275	19.9	19.1	20.7
Christian Orthodox	23,445	11,260	12,185	2.4	2.3	2.4	63,775	30,995	32,775	1.5	1.5	1.6
Jehovah's Witness	3,770	1,580	2,185	0.4	0.3	0.4	18,185	7,955	10,235	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	5,030	2,400	2,625	0.5	0.5	0.5	47,125	22,540	24,580	1.1	1.1	1.2
Lutheran	13,840	6,365	7,475	1.4	1.3	1.5	78,925	36,470	42,455	1.9	1.7	2.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	1,405	645	760	0.1	0.1	0.2	9,640	4,400	5,240	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,500	6,580	7,920	1.5	1.3	1.6	53,900	25,250	28,655	1.3	1.2	1.4
Presbyterian	3,915	1,870	2,045	0.4	0.4	0.4	22,850	10,360	12,495	0.5	0.5	0.6
Reformed	2,600	1,175	1,425	0.3	0.2	0.3	14,735	7,310	7,430	0.4	0.4	0.4
United Church	22,375	9,525	12,850	2.2	1.9	2.6	153,820	67,205	86,615	3.7	3.2	4.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	25,235	11,665	13,565	2.5	2.4	2.7	124,265	58,235	66,030	3.0	2.8	3.2
Hindu	33,905	17,315	16,585	3.4	3.5	3.3	78,520	40,435	38,085	1.9	1.9	1.8
Jewish	3,515	1,700	1,820	0.4	0.3	0.4	11,390	5,475	5,915	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	83,015	42,155	40,860	8.3	8.5	8.2	202,535	103,635	98,900	4.8	5.0	4.7
Sikh	41,385	21,030	20,360	4.2	4.2	4.1	103,600	52,505	51,100	2.5	2.5	2.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,995	845	1,160	0.2	0.2	0.2	19,755	9,640	10,120	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	9,965	4,570	5,395	1.0	0.9	1.1	33,220	14,325	18,905	0.8	0.7	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	362,645	193,055	169,590	36.4	38.9	33.9	1,676,045	890,645	785,400	40.1	42.7	37.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	984,475	489,965	494,510	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,131,540	2,064,715	2,066,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	837,690	417,305	420,390	85.1	85.2	85.0	3,583,005	1,793,310	1,789,695	86.7	86.9	86.6
Movers	146,785	72,660	74,125	14.9	14.8	15.0	548,535	271,400	277,130	13.3	13.1	13.4
Non-migrants	112,710	55,955	56,755	11.4	11.4	11.5	367,325	182,230	185,100	8.9	8.8	9.0
Migrants	34,075	16,710	17,370	3.5	3.4	3.5	181,205	89,170	92,035	4.4	4.3	4.5
Internal migrants	25,540	12,690	12,845	2.6	2.6	2.6	152,655	75,275	77,380	3.7	3.6	3.7
Intraprovincial migrants	15,395	7,690	7,710	1.6	1.6	1.6	107,180	52,880	54,295	2.6	2.6	2.6
Interprovincial migrants	10,140	5,000	5,135	1.0	1.0	1.0	45,475	22,390	23,090	1.1	1.1	1.1
External migrants	8,540	4,020	4,520	0.9	0.8	0.9	28,555	13,900	14,650	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	935,115	464,320	470,795	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,930,000	1,961,005	1,969,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	515,210	255,095	260,110	55.1	54.9	55.2	2,314,250	1,158,665	1,155,590	58.9	59.1	58.7
Movers	419,905	209,230	210,685	44.9	45.1	44.8	1,615,755	802,340	813,415	41.1	40.9	41.3
Non-migrants	265,930	133,325	132,600	28.4	28.7	28.2	854,765	427,660	427,105	21.7	21.8	21.7
Migrants	153,980	75,900	78,080	16.5	16.3	16.6	760,990	374,680	386,305	19.4	19.1	19.6
Internal migrants	99,140	49,690	49,450	10.6	10.7	10.5	596,980	295,120	301,860	15.2	15.0	15.3
Intraprovincial migrants	62,145	31,260	30,885	6.6	6.7	6.6	431,785	213,950	217,830	11.0	10.9	11.1
Interprovincial migrants	36,995	18,435	18,560	4.0	4.0	3.9	165,195	81,160	84,035	4.2	4.1	4.3
External migrants	54,840	26,210	28,635	5.9	5.6	6.1	164,015	79,565	84,445	4.2	4.1	4.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	812,605	401,755	410,850	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	134,660	69,305	65,360	16.6	17.3	15.9	595,665	322,765	272,900	17.6	19.3	16.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	677,945	332,455	345,490	83.4	82.8	84.1	2,779,465	1,353,090	1,426,375	82.4	80.7	83.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	562,080	280,190	281,890	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,298,165	1,141,780	1,156,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65,480	35,675	29,810	11.6	12.7	10.6	274,480	156,485	117,990	11.9	13.7	10.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	496,600	244,525	252,080	88.4	87.3	89.4	2,023,680	985,290	1,038,390	88.1	86.3	89.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	812,610	401,755	410,850	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	119,345	59,695	59,655	14.7	14.9	14.5	522,835	275,555	247,275	15.5	16.4	14.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	227,215	115,415	111,795	28.0	28.7	27.2	972,110	482,900	489,215	28.8	28.8	28.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	466,045	226,640	239,405	57.4	56.4	58.3	1,880,185	917,400	962,790	55.7	54.7	56.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	224,565	116,770	107,795	27.6	29.1	26.2	1,014,810	524,770	490,045	30.1	31.3	28.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	59,580	46,555	13,025	7.3	11.6	3.2	295,285	232,120	63,165	8.7	13.9	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	19,095	11,510	7,595	2.3	2.9	1.8	87,195	51,295	35,900	2.6	3.1	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	40,485	35,050	5,430	5.0	8.7	1.3	208,090	180,830	27,260	6.2	10.8	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	134,560	57,885	76,675	16.6	14.4	18.7	612,690	250,540	362,145	18.2	14.9	21.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,425	12,325	18,100	3.7	3.1	4.4	106,840	42,105	64,735	3.2	2.5	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	241,480	109,870	131,610	29.7	27.3	32.0	865,370	392,625	472,745	25.6	23.4	27.8
Bachelor's degree	163,340	71,690	91,650	20.1	17.8	22.3	605,025	265,105	339,925	17.9	15.8	20.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	12,350	5,475	6,875	1.5	1.4	1.7	44,915	19,815	25,100	1.3	1.2	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	7,790	4,010	3,785	1.0	1.0	0.9	23,880	12,100	11,775	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	47,840	22,675	25,160	5.9	5.6	6.1	164,245	79,220	85,025	4.9	4.7	5.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10,155	6,020	4,135	1.2	1.5	1.0	27,315	16,385	10,920	0.8	1.0	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	562,080	280,195	281,885	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,298,160	1,141,780	1,156,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	55,060	29,320	25,740	9.8	10.5	9.1	227,880	126,960	100,920	9.9	11.1	8.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	132,900	70,435	62,460	23.6	25.1	22.2	581,820	298,415	283,405	25.3	26.1	24.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	374,120	180,440	193,685	66.6	64.4	68.7	1,488,465	716,410	772,060	64.8	62.7	66.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	173,745	90,680	83,060	30.9	32.4	29.5	774,420	401,065	373,355	33.7	35.1	32.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	44,965	35,315	9,645	8.0	12.6	3.4	220,930	175,185	45,745	9.6	15.3	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	13,875	8,555	5,320	2.5	3.1	1.9	61,815	37,400	24,415	2.7	3.3	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	31,085	26,760	4,330	5.5	9.6	1.5	159,110	137,785	21,330	6.9	12.1	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	105,310	45,865	59,440	18.7	16.4	21.1	472,155	193,510	278,645	20.5	16.9	24.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,480	9,500	13,980	4.2	3.4	5.0	81,335	32,370	48,965	3.5	2.8	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	200,380	89,755	110,620	35.6	32.0	39.2	714,040	315,340	398,700	31.1	27.6	34.5
Bachelor's degree	134,645	58,570	76,080	24.0	20.9	27.0	497,885	213,625	284,260	21.7	18.7	24.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	9,695	4,305	5,390	1.7	1.5	1.9	35,125	15,110	20,020	1.5	1.3	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,555	3,180	3,375	1.2	1.1	1.2	20,045	9,435	10,615	0.9	0.8	0.9
Master's degree	41,455	19,190	22,260	7.4	6.8	7.9	139,935	65,290	74,645	6.1	5.7	6.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	8,035	4,510	3,525	1.4	1.6	1.3	21,050	11,880	9,165	0.9	1.0	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	812,610	401,755	410,855	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	346,560	175,110	171,450	42.6	43.6	41.7	1,494,945	758,460	736,490	44.3	45.3	43.3
Education	30,710	7,425	23,285	3.8	1.8	5.7	129,710	30,305	99,400	3.8	1.8	5.8
13. Education	30,710	7,425	23,285	3.8	1.8	5.7	129,710	30,305	99,400	3.8	1.8	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	13,315	5,610	7,705	1.6	1.4	1.9	49,820	20,045	29,775	1.5	1.2	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,640	1,020	625	0.2	0.3	0.2	5,805	4,125	1,675	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	11,675	4,590	7,080	1.4	1.1	1.7	44,015	15,915	28,100	1.3	0.9	1.7
Humanities	21,795	8,875	12,925	2.7	2.2	3.1	75,030	29,415	45,615	2.2	1.8	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	2,430	555	1,870	0.3	0.1	0.5	7,385	1,545	5,845	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	4,615	1,425	3,190	0.6	0.4	0.8	15,425	4,255	11,170	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,445	2,775	4,665	0.9	0.7	1.1	24,015	8,710	15,315	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	330	115	215	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,165	400	760	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,500	890	605	0.2	0.2	0.1	5,555	3,090	2,465	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,570	1,585	985	0.3	0.4	0.2	11,680	6,855	4,830	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	2,405	1,370	1,035	0.3	0.3	0.3	8,065	4,165	3,895	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	500	150	350	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,735	400	1,335	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	47,530	16,035	31,495	5.8	4.0	7.7	177,435	57,365	120,070	5.3	3.4	7.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	900	235	665	0.1	0.1	0.2	2,750	620	2,130	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	5,450	2,290	3,160	0.7	0.6	0.8	21,730	8,340	13,395	0.6	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,430	720	6,710	0.9	0.2	1.6	29,220	2,090	27,125	0.9	0.1	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	8,385	3,215	5,175	1.0	0.8	1.3	31,215	10,250	20,965	0.9	0.6	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	745	225	520	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,045	1,025	2,015	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	9,265	2,365	6,895	1.1	0.6	1.7	31,925	7,565	24,355	0.9	0.5	1.4
45. Social sciences	15,345	6,985	8,365	1.9	1.7	2.0	57,565	27,475	30,085	1.7	1.6	1.8
Business, management and public administration	98,255	40,945	57,315	12.1	10.2	14.0	390,110	151,140	238,975	11.6	9.0	14.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195	60	130	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	160	455	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,655	1,280	4,375	0.7	0.3	1.1	23,375	4,465	18,910	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	92,410	39,600	52,805	11.4	9.9	12.9	366,120	146,520	219,605	10.8	8.7	12.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	23,445	11,210	12,235	2.9	2.8	3.0	80,425	40,180	40,245	2.4	2.4	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	9,365	3,965	5,400	1.2	1.0	1.3	29,505	11,950	17,555	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	6,100	2,605	3,495	0.8	0.6	0.9	18,630	8,340	10,295	0.6	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	215	65	155	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,115	400	715	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	6,495	4,090	2,410	0.8	1.0	0.6	26,315	17,555	8,760	0.8	1.0	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,265	495	775	0.2	0.1	0.2	4,860	1,930	2,930	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	21,415	13,385	8,030	2.6	3.3	2.0	71,380	45,230	26,150	2.1	2.7	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	17,275	11,645	5,630	2.1	2.9	1.4	58,030	39,530	18,500	1.7	2.4	1.1
25. Library science	1,430	280	1,150	0.2	0.1	0.3	4,400	600	3,800	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,360	1,245	1,110	0.3	0.3	0.3	7,770	4,330	3,435	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	350	210	140	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,190	765	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	104,730	92,470	12,260	12.9	23.0	3.0	461,075	411,075	49,995	13.7	24.5	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	3,225	1,995	1,230	0.4	0.5	0.3	12,095	7,465	4,625	0.4	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	31,235	25,260	5,980	3.8	6.3	1.5	114,735	92,365	22,370	3.4	5.5	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,095	20,795	3,300	3.0	5.2	0.8	106,575	91,350	15,225	3.2	5.5	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	21,010	20,210	800	2.6	5.0	0.2	95,890	92,650	3,240	2.8	5.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	13,670	13,180	490	1.7	3.3	0.1	82,805	80,150	2,655	2.5	4.8	0.2
48. Precision production	11,465	11,015	450	1.4	2.7	0.1	48,925	47,075	1,850	1.4	2.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,965	4,080	3,885	1.0	1.0	0.9	51,710	28,660	23,055	1.5	1.7	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	4,985	2,375	2,610	0.6	0.6	0.6	35,010	19,075	15,935	1.0	1.1	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,985	1,705	1,275	0.4	0.4	0.3	16,700	9,575	7,120	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	76,555	16,550	60,005	9.4	4.1	14.6	295,415	56,225	239,190	8.8	3.4	14.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	4,425	2,235	2,185	0.5	0.6	0.5	20,505	9,625	10,885	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	69,675	12,990	56,690	8.6	3.2	13.8	267,750	42,785	224,965	7.9	2.6	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	140	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	180	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,320	1,270	1,045	0.3	0.3	0.3	6,680	3,635	3,050	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	20,270	10,025	10,245	2.5	2.5	2.5	97,660	47,575	50,075	2.9	2.8	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	12,510	4,095	8,415	1.5	1.0	2.0	57,430	15,580	41,845	1.7	0.9	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	100	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	335	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	175	140	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	705	605	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	3,955	2,520	1,445	0.5	0.6	0.4	19,025	12,445	6,580	0.6	0.7	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,520	3,170	350	0.4	0.8	0.1	20,125	18,615	1,520	0.6	1.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	190	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	562,085	280,195	281,885	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	187,960	99,755	88,200	33.4	35.6	31.3	809,700	425,375	384,325	35.2	37.3	33.2
Education	21,810	5,040	16,770	3.9	1.8	5.9	92,240	19,980	72,255	4.0	1.7	6.2
13. Education	21,810	5,040	16,770	3.9	1.8	5.9	92,240	19,980	72,255	4.0	1.7	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,765	4,500	6,270	1.9	1.6	2.2	39,730	15,620	24,110	1.7	1.4	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,150	705	440	0.2	0.3	0.2	4,065	2,750	1,315	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	9,615	3,795	5,820	1.7	1.4	2.1	35,665	12,875	22,790	1.6	1.1	2.0
Humanities	17,020	6,795	10,220	3.0	2.4	3.6	58,200	22,205	35,990	2.5	1.9	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,965	455	1,510	0.3	0.2	0.5	5,945	1,210	4,740	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	3,575	1,080	2,495	0.6	0.4	0.9	12,145	3,310	8,825	0.5	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,040	2,200	3,840	1.1	0.8	1.4	19,305	6,800	12,500	0.8	0.6	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	270	110	170	0.0	0.0	0.1	890	295	590	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,190	700	490	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,385	2,430	1,950	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,815	1,140	685	0.3	0.4	0.2	8,135	4,740	3,395	0.4	0.4	0.3
54. History	1,820	1,025	795	0.3	0.4	0.3	6,205	3,160	3,040	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	340	90	245	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,190	250	940	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	39,175	12,835	26,340	7.0	4.6	9.3	146,530	45,555	100,975	6.4	4.0	8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	755	195	560	0.1	0.1	0.2	2,315	515	1,800	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,630	1,845	2,785	0.8	0.7	1.0	18,890	6,940	11,950	0.8	0.6	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,875	600	5,280	1.0	0.2	1.9	23,325	1,630	21,690	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	6,990	2,445	4,545	1.2	0.9	1.6	25,940	7,730	18,210	1.1	0.7	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	650	190	460	0.1	0.1	0.2	2,545	825	1,715	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	7,420	1,820	5,600	1.3	0.6	2.0	25,775	5,750	20,025	1.1	0.5	1.7
45. Social sciences	12,855	5,745	7,115	2.3	2.1	2.5	47,735	22,165	25,570	2.1	1.9	2.2
Business, management and public administration	81,015	33,500	47,520	14.4	12.0	16.9	317,125	121,510	195,615	13.8	10.6	16.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	155	60	95	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	135	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,505	935	3,570	0.8	0.3	1.3	18,680	3,200	15,480	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	76,360	32,505	43,855	13.6	11.6	15.6	297,995	118,175	179,820	13.0	10.4	15.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	18,045	8,510	9,545	3.2	3.0	3.4	61,555	29,465	32,090	2.7	2.6	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	7,380	3,105	4,275	1.3	1.1	1.5	23,290	9,185	14,105	1.0	0.8	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,575	1,940	2,630	0.8	0.7	0.9	14,260	6,255	8,010	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	150	50	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	315	580	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	5,025	3,050	1,980	0.9	1.1	0.7	19,655	12,320	7,335	0.9	1.1	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	920	360	560	0.2	0.1	0.2	3,445	1,385	2,055	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	18,605	11,665	6,945	3.3	4.2	2.5	61,125	39,035	22,085	2.7	3.4	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15,365	10,315	5,050	2.7	3.7	1.8	51,435	34,910	16,530	2.2	3.1	1.4
25. Library science	1,085	235	850	0.2	0.1	0.3	2,945	460	2,490	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,875	950	925	0.3	0.3	0.3	5,775	3,080	2,700	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	290	170	115	0.1	0.1	0.0	965	590	370	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	83,240	72,585	10,660	14.8	25.9	3.8	362,315	318,170	44,135	15.8	27.9	3.8
04. Architecture and related services	2,525	1,500	1,020	0.4	0.5	0.4	9,600	5,585	4,020	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	26,095	20,830	5,270	4.6	7.4	1.9	95,200	75,075	20,125	4.1	6.6	1.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	19,290	16,440	2,845	3.4	5.9	1.0	84,485	71,240	13,245	3.7	6.2	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	16,595	15,850	745	3.0	5.7	0.3	73,955	71,080	2,875	3.2	6.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	9,965	9,540	425	1.8	3.4	0.2	61,780	59,485	2,290	2.7	5.2	0.2
48. Precision production	8,765	8,420	345	1.6	3.0	0.1	37,260	35,705	1,555	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,465	3,135	3,335	1.2	1.1	1.2	40,085	20,610	19,475	1.7	1.8	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,925	1,720	2,205	0.7	0.6	0.8	26,160	12,965	13,205	1.1	1.1	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,540	1,410	1,130	0.5	0.5	0.4	13,925	7,650	6,275	0.6	0.7	0.5
Health and related fields	61,845	13,710	48,145	11.0	4.9	17.1	232,820	45,895	186,920	10.1	4.0	16.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	3,450	1,780	1,670	0.6	0.6	0.6	16,345	7,640	8,705	0.7	0.7	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	56,370	10,885	45,485	10.0	3.9	16.1	210,650	35,325	175,320	9.2	3.1	15.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	130	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	145	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,890	990	905	0.3	0.4	0.3	5,430	2,785	2,645	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	16,060	8,150	7,915	2.9	2.9	2.8	76,410	38,205	38,205	3.3	3.3	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	9,670	3,250	6,415	1.7	1.2	2.3	43,535	12,080	31,455	1.9	1.1	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	95	90	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	275	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	120	100	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	445	390	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	3,330	2,130	1,205	0.6	0.8	0.4	15,885	10,385	5,505	0.7	0.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,855	2,580	270	0.5	0.9	0.1	16,245	15,080	1,165	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	145	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	562,085	280,195	281,885	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	187,960	99,755	88,200	33.4	35.6	31.3	809,700	425,375	384,325	35.2	37.3	33.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	374,125	180,435	193,685	66.6	64.4	68.7	1,488,465	716,405	772,060	64.8	62.7	66.8
Location of study inside Canada	270,890	132,780	138,110	48.2	47.4	49.0	1,157,790	563,035	594,750	50.4	49.3	51.4
Same as province or territory of residence	220,310	107,070	113,240	39.2	38.2	40.2	886,080	429,870	456,210	38.6	37.6	39.5
Different than province or territory of residence	50,580	25,710	24,870	9.0	9.2	8.8	271,710	133,165	138,545	11.8	11.7	12.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	103,235	47,655	55,575	18.4	17.0	19.7	330,675	153,370	177,305	14.4	13.4	15.3
Americas	12,305	6,030	6,275	2.2	2.2	2.2	54,515	26,775	27,740	2.4	2.3	2.4
United States of America	7,125	3,680	3,445	1.3	1.3	1.2	34,460	17,900	16,555	1.5	1.6	1.4
Mexico	1,255	635	620	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,820	2,255	2,565	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	200	80	120	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	300	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	105	70	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	125	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	610	280	330	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,470	665	805	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	540	215	325	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,480	1,000	1,475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	705	260	445	0.1	0.1	0.2	3,200	1,335	1,865	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peru	145	40	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	640	220	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	255	105	155	0.0	0.0	0.1	2,395	995	1,400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	1,365	655	710	0.2	0.2	0.3	4,235	1,975	2,265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	13,955	7,230	6,725	2.5	2.6	2.4	54,920	28,570	26,350	2.4	2.5	2.3
Belgium	145	110	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	320	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	510	270	235	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,005	1,045	960	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	825	425	400	0.1	0.2	0.1	3,195	1,670	1,520	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	235	125	110	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,110	1,215	890	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	150	85	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	515	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	130	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	310	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	250	105	140	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	445	540	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	1,275	590	685	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,150	1,350	1,805	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romania	660	315	350	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,790	1,455	1,335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	830	410	420	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,450	1,515	1,935	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	1,665	725	940	0.3	0.3	0.3	4,305	1,940	2,365	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	530	305	225	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,865	1,115	750	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,120	2,320	1,805	0.7	0.8	0.6	20,280	11,190	9,090	0.9	1.0	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	290	145	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	730	375	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	210	110	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	660	360	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	300	150	155	0.1	0.1	0.1	755	365	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	1,835	965	865	0.3	0.3	0.3	6,550	3,385	3,165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	9,535	4,890	4,640	1.7	1.7	1.6	26,775	13,770	13,005	1.2	1.2	1.1
Nigeria	2,095	1,070	1,025	0.4	0.4	0.4	7,795	3,825	3,970	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algeria	190	105	85	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	345	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	450	235	220	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,085	615	475	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	245	135	105	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	305	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	1,310	650	655	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,230	1,665	1,565	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	560	275	285	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,660	1,885	1,770	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	4,685	2,415	2,275	0.8	0.9	0.8	9,830	5,130	4,700	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asia	65,865	28,640	37,225	11.7	10.2	13.2	188,060	80,750	107,315	8.2	7.1	9.3
Iran⁸⁸	1,180	555	625	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,440	1,605	1,835	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraq	410	220	195	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,435	730	705	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	190	95	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	350	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	695	325	370	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,500	695	805	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	520	255	265	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,370	700	660	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	460	280	175	0.1	0.1	0.1	895	540	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	5,330	2,250	3,075	0.9	0.8	1.1	17,320	7,525	9,795	0.8	0.7	0.8
Taiwan	260	85	170	0.0	0.0	0.1	960	245	715	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	385	105	275	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,245	425	820	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japan	430	135	295	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,935	530	1,405	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	1,985	875	1,100	0.4	0.3	0.4	6,990	2,990	4,000	0.3	0.3	0.3
Philippines	24,240	9,515	14,725	4.3	3.4	5.2	74,205	29,080	45,130	3.2	2.5	3.9
Viet Nam	530	180	350	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,500	545	955	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	925	385	535	0.2	0.1	0.2	2,470	990	1,490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	575	300	275	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,280	685	595	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	21,705	10,430	11,280	3.9	3.7	4.0	52,120	24,905	27,215	2.3	2.2	2.4
Pakistan	3,110	1,420	1,695	0.6	0.5	0.6	10,355	4,710	5,645	0.5	0.4	0.5
Other locations of study in Asia	2,955	1,225	1,725	0.5	0.4	0.6	8,390	3,510	4,885	0.4	0.3	0.4
Oceania	1,580	870	710	0.3	0.3	0.3	6,410	3,505	2,905	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australia	1,130	595	535	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,880	2,560	2,320	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	235	145	85	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,105	680	425	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	215	135	80	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	265	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	812,610	401,755	410,850	...	...	...	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,280	...	...	...
In the labour force	554,040	291,355	262,685	...	...	...	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,425	...	...	...
Employed	483,855	254,785	229,075	...	...	...	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,135	...	...	...
Unemployed	70,185	36,580	33,605	...	...	...	264,650	138,365	126,290	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	258,565	110,395	148,170	...	...	...	1,079,750	459,900	619,845	...	...	...
Participation rate	68.2	72.5	63.9	68.2	72.5	63.9	68.0	72.6	63.5	68.0	72.6	63.5
Employment rate	59.5	63.4	55.8	59.5	63.4	55.8	60.2	64.3	56.1	60.2	64.3	56.1
Unemployment rate	12.7	12.6	12.8	12.7	12.6	12.8	11.5	11.4	11.7	11.5	11.4	11.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	812,610	401,755	410,855	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	280,650	123,465	157,185	34.5	30.7	38.3	1,140,745	497,150	643,595	33.8	29.7	37.9
Worked	531,960	278,290	253,670	65.5	69.3	61.7	2,234,385	1,178,705	1,055,680	66.2	70.3	62.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	274,975	154,230	120,745	33.8	38.4	29.4	1,164,455	670,620	493,835	34.5	40.0	29.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	256,990	124,060	132,920	31.6	30.9	32.4	1,069,930	508,085	561,840	31.7	30.3	33.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	41.2	39.8	40.5	41.2	39.8	40.8	41.5	39.9	40.8	41.5	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	554,040	291,360	262,685	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	19,885	9,725	10,165	3.6	3.3	3.9	70,455	34,850	35,605	3.1	2.9	3.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	534,160	281,635	252,525	96.4	96.7	96.1	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	96.9	97.1	96.7
Employee	467,470	239,985	227,485	84.4	82.4	86.6	1,876,950	967,450	909,500	81.8	79.6	84.3
Permanent position	382,595	196,890	185,705	69.1	67.6	70.7	1,560,435	814,805	745,625	68.0	67.0	69.1
Temporary position	84,870	43,095	41,780	15.3	14.8	15.9	316,520	152,640	163,880	13.8	12.6	15.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	28,125	13,410	14,715	5.1	4.6	5.6	97,610	44,060	53,555	4.3	3.6	5.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	56,745	29,685	27,060	10.2	10.2	10.3	218,905	108,585	110,320	9.5	8.9	10.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	66,690	41,655	25,035	12.0	14.3	9.5	347,975	213,655	134,320	15.2	17.6	12.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	554,040	291,360	262,685	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	19,885	9,725	10,165	3.6	3.3	3.9	70,455	34,850	35,605	3.1	2.9	3.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	534,160	281,635	252,525	96.4	96.7	96.1	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	96.9	97.1	96.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	4,535	3,060	1,475	0.8	1.1	0.6	23,120	16,455	6,665	1.0	1.4	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	90,840	29,005	61,835	16.4	10.0	23.5	373,795	110,275	263,520	16.3	9.1	24.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	45,680	35,190	10,495	8.2	12.1	4.0	182,880	140,540	42,340	8.0	11.6	3.9
3 Health occupations	50,115	10,955	39,165	9.0	3.8	14.9	182,480	34,585	147,895	7.9	2.8	13.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	65,050	23,350	41,700	11.7	8.0	15.9	246,625	82,115	164,510	10.7	6.8	15.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	12,985	5,655	7,330	2.3	1.9	2.8	51,815	21,140	30,675	2.3	1.7	2.8
6 Sales and service occupations	137,280	61,675	75,605	24.8	21.2	28.8	538,930	232,640	306,285	23.5	19.1	28.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	102,620	93,235	9,380	18.5	32.0	3.6	441,955	399,605	42,345	19.3	32.9	3.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	7,815	6,290	1,530	1.4	2.2	0.6	99,430	77,250	22,180	4.3	6.4	2.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,230	13,215	4,005	3.1	4.5	1.5	83,895	66,480	17,415	3.7	5.5	1.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	554,040	291,360	262,685	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	19,885	9,725	10,165	3.6	3.3	3.9	70,455	34,850	35,605	3.1	2.9	3.3
All industries¹⁹¹	534,160	281,635	252,525	96.4	96.7	96.1	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	96.9	97.1	96.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,415	1,365	1,050	0.4	0.5	0.4	63,965	42,305	21,665	2.8	3.5	2.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10,225	8,845	1,375	1.8	3.0	0.5	112,890	88,690	24,200	4.9	7.3	2.2
22 Utilities	5,075	3,455	1,620	0.9	1.2	0.6	22,630	15,900	6,735	1.0	1.3	0.6
23 Construction	50,765	43,385	7,380	9.2	14.9	2.8	210,350	177,845	32,505	9.2	14.6	3.0
31-33 Manufacturing	29,530	22,080	7,450	5.3	7.6	2.8	118,890	88,735	30,155	5.2	7.3	2.8
41 Wholesale trade	18,070	12,820	5,250	3.3	4.4	2.0	71,580	50,655	20,930	3.1	4.2	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	63,085	29,795	33,290	11.4	10.2	12.7	253,030	117,605	135,425	11.0	9.7	12.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	31,195	24,670	6,530	5.6	8.5	2.5	128,410	96,000	32,410	5.6	7.9	3.0
51 Information and cultural industries	7,440	4,530	2,910	1.3	1.6	1.1	28,680	16,625	12,055	1.2	1.4	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	18,335	7,520	10,820	3.3	2.6	4.1	68,355	27,225	41,135	3.0	2.2	3.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	9,980	5,465	4,515	1.8	1.9	1.7	39,400	21,625	17,775	1.7	1.8	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	41,125	23,680	17,450	7.4	8.1	6.6	177,895	99,055	78,840	7.8	8.1	7.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	720	350	375	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,420	2,075	2,345	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	23,660	13,670	9,995	4.3	4.7	3.8	91,750	51,325	40,430	4.0	4.2	3.7
61 Educational services	39,035	13,465	25,570	7.0	4.6	9.7	149,170	43,775	105,400	6.5	3.6	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	77,255	16,835	60,420	13.9	5.8	23.0	285,090	51,930	233,155	12.4	4.3	21.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	9,445	4,525	4,920	1.7	1.6	1.9	42,685	20,880	21,805	1.9	1.7	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	35,390	15,735	19,655	6.4	5.4	7.5	132,930	57,280	75,650	5.8	4.7	7.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	25,285	11,815	13,475	4.6	4.1	5.1	104,530	50,355	54,175	4.6	4.1	5.0
91 Public administration	36,125	17,640	18,485	6.5	6.1	7.0	118,270	61,230	57,040	5.2	5.0	5.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	578,920	302,735	276,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	548,320	287,800	260,520	94.7	95.1	94.3	2,319,940	1,223,960	1,095,975	95.8	96.1	95.5
French	1,195	380	815	0.2	0.1	0.3	3,840	1,145	2,695	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	3,930	2,005	1,925	0.7	0.7	0.7	14,015	7,470	6,545	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	140	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,920	2,005	1,920	0.7	0.7	0.7	13,770	7,330	6,440	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	5,490	2,280	3,210	0.9	0.8	1.2	20,015	8,200	11,815	0.8	0.6	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	19,270	9,945	9,325	3.3	3.3	3.4	61,830	31,865	29,965	2.6	2.5	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	450	210	240	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,550	765	785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	255	120	135	0.0	0.0	0.0	885	475	410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	578,920	302,735	276,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	574,590	300,505	274,090	99.3	99.3	99.2	2,407,485	1,266,360	1,141,120	99.4	99.4	99.4
Official languages	567,195	296,680	270,520	98.0	98.0	98.0	2,381,515	1,252,385	1,129,135	98.3	98.3	98.3
English	565,135	296,060	269,075	97.6	97.8	97.4	2,374,615	1,250,455	1,124,165	98.0	98.2	97.9
French	2,065	620	1,445	0.4	0.2	0.5	6,900	1,930	4,970	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official languages	7,395	3,820	3,570	1.3	1.3	1.3	25,965	13,980	11,990	1.1	1.1	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	425	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	400	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	630	355	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	630	355	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	295	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,380	3,820	3,560	1.3	1.3	1.3	25,200	13,555	11,650	1.0	1.1	1.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	445	235	210	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,025	535	495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	110	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	70	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	100	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	335	185	150	0.1	0.1	0.1	850	450	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	225	125	100	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	315	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	410	150	260	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,305	500	805	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	405	145	255	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,275	480	795	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	320	130	190	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,160	540	620	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	300	125	175	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,065	490	570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,195	1,865	1,330	0.6	0.6	0.5	12,180	7,175	5,010	0.5	0.6	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	270	95	180	0.0	0.0	0.1	780	300	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	270	95	180	0.0	0.0	0.1	780	300	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	90	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	100	15	90	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	100	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,025	1,985	1,045	0.1	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,555	970	580	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,540	965	575	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,445	995	455	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	245	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,025	695	330	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,135	1,335	800	0.4	0.4	0.3	5,660	3,440	2,220	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	2,050	1,290	760	0.4	0.4	0.3	5,435	3,340	2,100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bengali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	145	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	150	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,780	1,160	620	0.3	0.4	0.2	4,630	2,975	1,655	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sindhi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	125	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	100	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	95	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	725	415	315	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,660	1,415	1,245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	75	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	675	390	280	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,420	1,275	1,145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	70	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	380	165	220	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,250	630	620	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	100	40	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	80	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,300	1,105	1,195	0.4	0.4	0.4	7,340	3,725	3,615	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	2,280	1,090	1,190	0.4	0.4	0.4	7,295	3,700	3,605	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,010	500	515	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,105	1,570	1,535	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,255	590	665	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,145	2,095	2,050	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	65	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	55	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	80	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	115	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	80	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	115	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,325	2,230	2,095	0.7	0.7	0.8	14,630	7,530	7,100	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	730	330	405	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,560	1,105	1,455	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,490	1,855	1,630	0.6	0.6	0.6	11,695	6,245	5,440	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	578,920	302,735	276,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	557,280	292,170	265,110	96.3	96.5	96.0	2,350,940	1,239,355	1,111,590	97.1	97.3	96.8
English	3,750	1,755	1,990	0.6	0.6	0.7	13,200	6,355	6,840	0.5	0.5	0.6
French	3,945	1,735	2,215	0.7	0.6	0.8	14,630	6,410	8,215	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	11,560	5,915	5,645	2.0	2.0	2.0	36,335	18,310	18,025	1.5	1.4	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	220	95	125	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,125	865	1,255	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	11,340	5,825	5,520	2.0	1.9	2.0	34,210	17,445	16,765	1.4	1.4	1.5
English and French	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	370	195	175	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,080	540	540	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	340	150	190	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,125	565	560	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,655	810	850	0.3	0.3	0.3	4,760	2,335	2,420	0.2	0.2	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	483,855	254,785	229,080	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	102,215	46,605	55,610	21.1	18.3	24.3	446,315	211,420	234,900	22.0	19.6	24.6
Worked outside Canada	1,335	930	400	0.3	0.4	0.2	5,430	4,105	1,330	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	73,790	55,820	17,970	15.3	21.9	7.8	319,675	242,835	76,845	15.7	22.5	8.1
Usual place of work	306,525	151,430	155,095	63.4	59.4	67.7	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	62.0	57.5	67.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	306,525	151,430	155,095	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	257,805	119,720	138,085	84.1	79.1	89.0	902,040	419,240	482,800	71.6	67.7	75.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	40,125	25,390	14,740	13.1	16.8	9.5	292,360	157,820	134,535	23.2	25.5	21.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,670	5,005	1,665	2.2	3.3	1.1	52,590	34,120	18,470	4.2	5.5	2.9
Commute to a different province or territory	1,920	1,315	605	0.6	0.9	0.4	12,315	8,060	4,260	1.0	1.3	0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	380,315	207,245	173,070	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	323,705	182,465	141,235	85.1	88.0	81.6	1,378,685	765,905	612,775	87.3	88.8	85.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	298,320	173,695	124,630	78.4	83.8	72.0	1,287,940	730,925	557,015	81.6	84.8	77.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	25,380	8,775	16,605	6.7	4.2	9.6	90,740	34,980	55,760	5.7	4.1	7.8
Public transit	30,860	11,905	18,950	8.1	5.7	10.9	88,255	39,915	48,345	5.6	4.6	6.7
Walked	13,430	5,705	7,725	3.5	2.8	4.5	62,810	27,445	35,360	4.0	3.2	4.9
Bicycle	3,355	2,270	1,085	0.9	1.1	0.6	11,370	7,975	3,395	0.7	0.9	0.5
Other method	8,970	4,900	4,070	2.4	2.4	2.4	37,865	20,820	17,040	2.4	2.4	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	380,315	207,245	173,070	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	86,415	39,905	46,510	22.7	19.3	26.9	487,710	225,360	262,355	30.9	26.1	36.6
15 to 29 minutes	174,830	95,525	79,310	46.0	46.1	45.8	610,485	333,105	277,385	38.7	38.6	38.7
30 to 44 minutes	82,100	49,605	32,495	21.6	23.9	18.8	302,735	184,370	118,365	19.2	21.4	16.5
45 to 59 minutes	19,050	11,450	7,595	5.0	5.5	4.4	87,230	55,475	31,755	5.5	6.4	4.4
60 minutes and over	17,920	10,765	7,160	4.7	5.2	4.1	90,815	63,765	27,050	5.8	7.4	3.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	380,315	207,245	173,070	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	24,640	18,095	6,540	6.5	8.7	3.8	116,400	88,060	28,340	7.4	10.2	4.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	66,830	41,970	24,855	17.6	20.3	14.4	296,930	194,765	102,165	18.8	22.6	14.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	101,205	54,330	46,875	26.6	26.2	27.1	424,170	228,535	195,630	26.9	26.5	27.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	69,150	33,705	35,445	18.2	16.3	20.5	299,145	134,910	164,240	18.9	15.6	22.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	52,815	23,870	28,945	13.9	11.5	16.7	195,835	83,185	112,655	12.4	9.6	15.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	65,680	35,275	30,400	17.3	17.0	17.6	246,495	132,620	113,880	15.6	15.4	15.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	219,735	112,780	106,945	100.0	100.0	100.0	971,390	499,245	472,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,445	8,825	8,625	7.9	7.8	8.1	67,140	34,000	33,140	6.9	6.8	7.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	202,290	103,960	98,325	92.1	92.2	91.9	904,245	465,240	439,005	93.1	93.2	93.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	153,920	79,085	74,835	100.0	100.0	100.0	704,490	362,400	342,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,585	6,370	6,220	8.2	8.1	8.3	49,735	25,180	24,555	7.1	6.9	7.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	6,675	3,315	3,360	4.3	4.2	4.5	24,675	12,010	12,665	3.5	3.3	3.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5,910	3,050	2,860	3.8	3.9	3.8	25,055	13,170	11,890	3.6	3.6	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	141,335	72,715	68,615	91.8	91.9	91.7	654,755	337,220	317,530	92.9	93.1	92.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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