Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saskatoon, City (CY)More information: Saskatchewan [Census subdivision] Remove						SaskatchewanMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Rates			Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	266,141^E	...	...	...	...	...	1,132,505	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	247,201^r	...	...	...	...	...	1,098,352	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.7^E	...	...	7.7^E	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	115,619	...	...	...	...	...	513,725	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	107,052	...	...	...	...	...	449,581	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,174.7	...	...	1,174.7	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	226.56	...	...	...	...	...	577,060.40	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	266,145	130,760	135,385	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,132,505	563,120	569,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	48,690	25,175	23,520	18.3	19.3	17.4	223,115	114,360	108,755	19.7	20.3	19.1
0 to 4 years	15,755	8,160	7,585	5.9	6.2	5.6	69,455	35,555	33,900	6.1	6.3	6.0
5 to 9 years	16,890	8,710	8,180	6.3	6.7	6.0	76,545	39,210	37,340	6.8	7.0	6.6
10 to 14 years	16,055	8,305	7,750	6.0	6.4	5.7	77,120	39,600	37,520	6.8	7.0	6.6
15 to 64 years	176,970	88,085	88,890	66.5	67.4	65.7	711,405	357,000	354,410	62.8	63.4	62.2
15 to 19 years	15,260	7,875	7,380	5.7	6.0	5.5	68,510	35,525	32,985	6.0	6.3	5.8
20 to 24 years	19,595	9,785	9,810	7.4	7.5	7.2	66,870	34,580	32,295	5.9	6.1	5.7
25 to 29 years	20,215	10,135	10,080	7.6	7.8	7.4	70,030	35,420	34,605	6.2	6.3	6.1
30 to 34 years	21,655	10,760	10,895	8.1	8.2	8.0	78,380	38,930	39,450	6.9	6.9	6.9
35 to 39 years	20,720	10,230	10,490	7.8	7.8	7.7	79,420	39,380	40,040	7.0	7.0	7.0
40 to 44 years	18,080	9,080	9,005	6.8	6.9	6.7	73,055	36,670	36,380	6.5	6.5	6.4
45 to 49 years	15,540	7,735	7,805	5.8	5.9	5.8	65,075	32,425	32,655	5.7	5.8	5.7
50 to 54 years	14,610	7,270	7,335	5.5	5.6	5.4	62,745	31,300	31,440	5.5	5.6	5.5
55 to 59 years	15,965	7,845	8,120	6.0	6.0	6.0	73,165	36,045	37,120	6.5	6.4	6.5
60 to 64 years	15,325	7,365	7,965	5.8	5.6	5.9	74,155	36,725	37,430	6.5	6.5	6.6
65 years and over	40,475	17,500	22,975	15.2	13.4	17.0	197,980	91,765	106,215	17.5	16.3	18.7
65 to 69 years	12,955	6,155	6,805	4.9	4.7	5.0	64,770	32,140	32,630	5.7	5.7	5.7
70 to 74 years	9,785	4,460	5,325	3.7	3.4	3.9	48,945	23,790	25,160	4.3	4.2	4.4
75 to 79 years	6,485	2,915	3,565	2.4	2.2	2.6	33,045	15,605	17,445	2.9	2.8	3.1
80 to 84 years	4,885	1,960	2,925	1.8	1.5	2.2	23,460	10,290	13,170	2.1	1.8	2.3
85 years and over	6,370	2,010	4,360	2.4	1.5	3.2	27,765	9,945	17,820	2.5	1.8	3.1
85 to 89 years	3,890	1,340	2,550	1.5	1.0	1.9	16,165	6,290	9,870	1.4	1.1	1.7
90 to 94 years	1,875	540	1,340	0.7	0.4	1.0	8,715	2,965	5,750	0.8	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	515	115	400	0.2	0.1	0.3	2,435	625	1,810	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	90	15	80	0.0	0.0	0.1	450	60	385	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.3	19.3	17.4	18.3	19.3	17.4	19.7	20.3	19.1	19.7	20.3	19.1
15 to 64 years	66.5	67.4	65.7	66.5	67.4	65.7	62.8	63.4	62.2	62.8	63.4	62.2
65 years and over	15.2	13.4	17.0	15.2	13.4	17.0	17.5	16.3	18.7	17.5	16.3	18.7
85 years and over	2.4	1.5	3.2	2.4	1.5	3.2	2.5	1.8	3.1	2.5	1.8	3.1
Average age of the population	38.8	37.5	39.9	38.8	37.5	39.9	39.8	38.9	40.7	39.8	38.9	40.7
Median age of the population	36.8	35.6	38.0	36.8	35.6	38.0	38.8	38.0	39.6	38.8	38.0	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	107,050	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	58,315	...	...	54.5	...	...	322,070	...	...	71.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,975	...	...	3.7	...	...	13,680	...	...	3.0	...	...
Row house	7,435	...	...	6.9	...	...	19,860	...	...	4.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,545	...	...	6.1	...	...	11,240	...	...	2.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	25,635	...	...	23.9	...	...	61,855	...	...	13.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,720	...	...	4.4	...	...	11,040	...	...	2.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	35	...	...	0.0	...	...	755	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	380	...	...	0.4	...	...	9,090	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	107,050	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	31,670	...	...	29.6	...	...	130,110	...	...	28.9	...	...
2 persons	35,800	...	...	33.4	...	...	158,555	...	...	35.3	...	...
3 persons	15,770	...	...	14.7	...	...	60,185	...	...	13.4	...	...
4 persons	14,395	...	...	13.4	...	...	57,860	...	...	12.9	...	...
5 or more persons	9,420	...	...	8.8	...	...	42,875	...	...	9.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	260,955	128,330	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,205	549,475	553,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	217,450	105,580	111,870	100.0	100.0	100.0	909,390	448,765	460,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	119,875	59,925	59,950	55.1	56.8	53.6	526,835	263,575	263,255	57.9	58.7	57.2
Married	99,615	49,750	49,865	45.8	47.1	44.6	440,040	220,210	219,830	48.4	49.1	47.7
Living common-law	20,260	10,175	10,080	9.3	9.6	9.0	86,795	43,365	43,430	9.5	9.7	9.4
Living common law - Never married	15,910	8,045	7,865	7.3	7.6	7.0	65,395	32,860	32,530	7.2	7.3	7.1
Living common law - Separated	600	285	315	0.3	0.3	0.3	3,075	1,580	1,495	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,370	1,690	1,680	1.5	1.6	1.5	16,305	8,125	8,185	1.8	1.8	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	380	160	220	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,025	800	1,220	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	97,575	45,660	51,920	44.9	43.2	46.4	382,560	185,185	197,370	42.1	41.3	42.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	69,180	36,625	32,560	31.8	34.7	29.1	258,905	142,445	116,460	28.5	31.7	25.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,810	2,035	2,770	2.2	1.9	2.5	20,685	9,310	11,375	2.3	2.1	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	13,055	4,980	8,070	6.0	4.7	7.2	50,635	22,150	28,485	5.6	4.9	6.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10,530	2,015	8,515	4.8	1.9	7.6	52,330	11,280	41,050	5.8	2.5	8.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	70,400	...	...	100.0	...	...	308,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	35,070	...	...	49.8	...	...	160,870	...	...	52.1	...	...
3 persons	14,575	...	...	20.7	...	...	58,650	...	...	19.0	...	...
4 persons	13,720	...	...	19.5	...	...	55,775	...	...	18.1	...	...
5 or more persons	7,040	...	...	10.0	...	...	33,390	...	...	10.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	70,400	...	...	100.0	...	...	308,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	58,405	...	...	83.0	...	...	255,910	...	...	82.9	...	...
Married couples	48,275	...	...	68.6	...	...	212,520	...	...	68.8	...	...
With children⁶	27,050	...	...	38.4	...	...	106,385	...	...	34.5	...	...
Without children	21,225	...	...	30.1	...	...	106,135	...	...	34.4	...	...
Common-law couples	10,130	...	...	14.4	...	...	43,395	...	...	14.1	...	...
With children⁶	3,285	...	...	4.7	...	...	18,190	...	...	5.9	...	...
Without children	6,840	...	...	9.7	...	...	25,205	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	12,000	...	...	17.0	...	...	52,775	...	...	17.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	9,365	...	...	13.3	...	...	39,825	...	...	12.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,625	...	...	3.7	...	...	12,955	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	260,955	128,330	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,205	549,475	553,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	206,645	102,335	104,315	79.2	79.7	78.7	903,775	448,945	454,830	81.9	81.7	82.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	116,805	58,405	58,400	44.8	45.5	44.0	511,820	255,785	256,040	46.4	46.6	46.2
Parents in one-parent families	11,995	2,630	9,370	4.6	2.0	7.1	52,780	12,955	39,820	4.8	2.4	7.2
Children⁶	77,840	41,305	36,540	29.8	32.2	27.6	339,175	180,210	158,965	30.7	32.8	28.7
In a two-parent family	58,335	30,775	27,565	22.4	24.0	20.8	248,725	130,995	117,725	22.5	23.8	21.3
In a one-parent family	19,500	10,525	8,975	7.5	8.2	6.8	90,455	49,210	41,240	8.2	9.0	7.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	54,310	25,995	28,315	20.8	20.3	21.3	199,425	100,530	98,895	18.1	18.3	17.9
Living alone	31,675	13,810	17,860	12.1	10.8	13.5	130,105	62,520	67,590	11.8	11.4	12.2
Living with other relatives⁷	7,535	3,580	3,950	2.9	2.8	3.0	28,150	13,805	14,345	2.6	2.5	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	15,105	8,600	6,500	5.8	6.7	4.9	41,165	24,200	16,960	3.7	4.4	3.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	62,180	...	...	58.1	...	...	275,515	...	...	61.3	...	...
Couple-family households	53,015	...	...	49.5	...	...	236,790	...	...	52.7	...	...
With children⁶	27,505	...	...	25.7	...	...	113,990	...	...	25.4	...	...
Without children	25,515	...	...	23.8	...	...	122,800	...	...	27.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	9,165	...	...	8.6	...	...	38,720	...	...	8.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,130	...	...	2.0	...	...	9,815	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	585	...	...	0.5	...	...	1,960	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	3,685	...	...	3.4	...	...	13,265	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	6,800	...	...	6.4	...	...	18,915	...	...	4.2	...	...
One-person households	31,670	...	...	29.6	...	...	130,105	...	...	28.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	212,510	103,335	109,175	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,780	436,550	446,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	203,480	98,770	104,715	95.8	95.6	95.9	844,920	417,025	427,895	95.7	95.5	95.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,400	39,200	43,200	48,400	39,200	42,400	48,000	38,400	42,400	48,000	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	203,595	98,825	104,770	95.8	95.6	96.0	845,455	417,320	428,130	95.8	95.6	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	42,800	36,000	38,800	42,800	36,000	38,400	42,400	35,200	38,400	42,400	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	184,820	91,015	93,805	87.0	88.1	85.9	757,325	379,255	378,070	85.8	86.9	84.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	45,200	31,400	37,600	45,200	31,400	36,800	44,400	30,600	36,800	44,400	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	153,025	77,755	75,270	72.0	75.2	68.9	622,670	322,180	300,495	70.5	73.8	67.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,800	32,800	38,400	44,800	32,800	36,800	43,600	31,400	36,800	43,600	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	181,965	86,490	95,475	85.6	83.7	87.5	751,755	364,545	387,210	85.2	83.5	86.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,850	5,720	9,400	7,850	5,720	9,400	8,800	6,750	10,100	8,800	6,750	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,015	10,240	10,780	9.9	9.9	9.9	84,485	43,415	41,065	9.6	9.9	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,520	5,520	5,520	5,520	5,520	6,000	6,000	5,920	6,000	6,000	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,345	27,950	30,395	27.5	27.0	27.8	214,100	103,150	110,950	24.3	23.6	24.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	212,515	103,335	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	203,595	98,740	104,855	95.8	95.6	96.0	845,425	417,040	428,380	95.8	95.5	96.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,700	62,150	47,680	54,700	62,150	47,680	53,050	60,250	46,080	53,050	60,250	46,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	203,700	98,790	104,915	95.9	95.6	96.1	845,965	417,355	428,610	95.8	95.6	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,960	50,960	41,200	45,960	50,960	41,200	44,680	49,360	40,080	44,680	49,360	40,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	184,960	90,850	94,105	87.0	87.9	86.2	757,585	378,980	378,605	85.8	86.8	84.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,280	59,200	41,680	50,280	59,200	41,680	48,680	57,250	40,040	48,680	57,250	40,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	153,025	77,535	75,490	72.0	75.0	69.1	622,690	321,515	301,175	70.5	73.7	67.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,240	56,900	41,320	49,240	56,900	41,320	47,360	54,650	39,600	47,360	54,650	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	181,965	86,425	95,540	85.6	83.6	87.5	751,480	363,960	387,525	85.1	83.4	86.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,100	8,800	11,270	10,100	8,800	11,270	10,650	9,420	11,800	10,650	9,420	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,775	9,985	10,790	9.8	9.7	9.9	83,595	42,755	40,840	9.5	9.8	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,860	6,390	7,290	6,860	6,390	7,290	7,330	7,060	7,610	7,330	7,060	7,610
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,275	27,975	30,295	27.4	27.1	27.7	213,970	103,245	110,725	24.2	23.7	24.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,720	8,580	8,840	8,720	8,580	8,840	9,000	8,960	9,040	9,000	8,960	9,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	212,510	103,330	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	72,435	39,965	32,470	34.1	38.7	29.7	301,310	168,990	132,320	34.1	38.7	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	70,500	59,600	65,000	70,500	59,600	62,000	67,000	56,000	62,000	67,000	56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,800	82,400	65,500	74,800	82,400	65,500	70,100	76,500	61,850	70,100	76,500	61,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	62,510	28,815	33,700	29.4	27.9	30.9	237,965	111,525	126,440	27.0	25.5	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	20,000	16,400	18,000	20,000	16,400	19,000	21,600	17,000	19,000	21,600	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,440	32,600	24,880	28,440	32,600	24,880	29,120	34,440	24,440	29,120	34,440	24,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.6	87.6	78.4	83.6	87.6	78.4	82.2	86.4	76.8	82.2	86.4	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.6	71.8	62.4	67.6	71.8	62.4	65.8	69.8	60.4	65.8	69.8	60.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.5	12.4	21.5	16.5	12.4	21.5	17.8	13.6	23.2	17.8	13.6	23.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.6	1.3	1.0	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.3	6.3	5.2	4.3	6.3	5.0	4.1	6.2	5.0	4.1	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	3.9	5.4	4.6	3.9	5.4	4.3	3.7	5.1	4.3	3.7	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	212,515	103,330	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,780	436,550	446,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	9,025	4,565	4,460	4.2	4.4	4.1	37,860	19,525	18,335	4.3	4.5	4.1
With total income	203,485	98,765	104,715	95.8	95.6	95.9	844,915	417,025	427,890	95.7	95.5	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,860	7,215	8,650	7.8	7.3	8.3	71,550	33,580	37,975	8.5	8.1	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	21,140	9,135	12,000	10.4	9.2	11.5	92,735	40,045	52,690	11.0	9.6	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	30,425	12,760	17,670	15.0	12.9	16.9	126,965	54,565	72,400	15.0	13.1	16.9
$30,000 to $39,999	26,495	11,395	15,095	13.0	11.5	14.4	105,405	45,260	60,150	12.5	10.9	14.1
$40,000 to $49,999	23,350	10,325	13,030	11.5	10.5	12.4	96,850	43,305	53,545	11.5	10.4	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	19,105	8,975	10,130	9.4	9.1	9.7	80,190	38,235	41,955	9.5	9.2	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	15,400	7,915	7,485	7.6	8.0	7.1	63,160	33,360	29,800	7.5	8.0	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	12,165	6,580	5,580	6.0	6.7	5.3	49,340	27,775	21,560	5.8	6.7	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	9,625	5,300	4,325	4.7	5.4	4.1	38,610	22,165	16,450	4.6	5.3	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	7,520	4,185	3,335	3.7	4.2	3.2	30,895	17,430	13,460	3.7	4.2	3.1
$100,000 and over	22,400	14,985	7,415	11.0	15.2	7.1	89,220	61,310	27,910	10.6	14.7	6.5
$100,000 to $149,999	14,750	9,395	5,355	7.2	9.5	5.1	62,465	40,955	21,510	7.4	9.8	5.0
$150,000 and over	7,655	5,590	2,065	3.8	5.7	2.0	26,750	20,350	6,400	3.2	4.9	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	212,515	103,330	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,780	436,550	446,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	8,915	4,510	4,410	4.2	4.4	4.0	37,330	19,230	18,100	4.2	4.4	4.1
With after-tax income	203,595	98,825	104,775	95.8	95.6	96.0	845,450	417,320	428,130	95.8	95.6	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	16,545	7,470	9,070	8.1	7.6	8.7	74,770	34,925	39,840	8.8	8.4	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	22,235	9,580	12,655	10.9	9.7	12.1	96,975	41,905	55,070	11.5	10.0	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	34,820	14,900	19,915	17.1	15.1	19.0	143,230	62,170	81,055	16.9	14.9	18.9
$30,000 to $39,999	31,225	13,690	17,535	15.3	13.9	16.7	125,245	55,255	69,990	14.8	13.2	16.3
$40,000 to $49,999	27,085	12,545	14,540	13.3	12.7	13.9	113,220	53,350	59,870	13.4	12.8	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	21,120	10,695	10,430	10.4	10.8	10.0	87,685	45,835	41,850	10.4	11.0	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	15,580	8,385	7,195	7.7	8.5	6.9	63,720	35,460	28,260	7.5	8.5	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	11,540	6,270	5,270	5.7	6.3	5.0	47,135	26,270	20,865	5.6	6.3	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	7,095	4,100	2,995	3.5	4.1	2.9	29,945	17,670	12,275	3.5	4.2	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	4,555	2,805	1,745	2.2	2.8	1.7	19,390	12,375	7,010	2.3	3.0	1.6
$100,000 and over	11,790	8,370	3,420	5.8	8.5	3.3	44,145	32,100	12,040	5.2	7.7	2.8
$100,000 to $124,999	5,930	4,120	1,815	2.9	4.2	1.7	24,420	17,370	7,050	2.9	4.2	1.6
$125,000 and over	5,865	4,255	1,605	2.9	4.3	1.5	19,725	14,730	4,990	2.3	3.5	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	212,515	103,330	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,780	436,550	446,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	59,490	25,575	33,910	28.0	24.8	31.1	260,105	114,375	145,735	29.5	26.2	32.7
With employment income	153,020	77,760	75,265	72.0	75.3	68.9	622,670	322,175	300,490	70.5	73.8	67.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	20,070	9,140	10,925	13.1	11.8	14.5	90,620	43,400	47,215	14.6	13.5	15.7
$5,000 to $9,999	12,495	5,445	7,050	8.2	7.0	9.4	49,340	22,310	27,030	7.9	6.9	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	18,170	8,215	9,955	11.9	10.6	13.2	72,905	33,690	39,215	11.7	10.5	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	14,045	6,510	7,530	9.2	8.4	10.0	58,850	26,960	31,890	9.5	8.4	10.6
$30,000 to $39,999	13,955	6,325	7,630	9.1	8.1	10.1	56,210	25,585	30,625	9.0	7.9	10.2
$40,000 to $49,999	13,200	6,385	6,820	8.6	8.2	9.1	54,395	25,875	28,520	8.7	8.0	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	12,030	6,120	5,915	7.9	7.9	7.9	47,765	24,415	23,350	7.7	7.6	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	10,470	5,675	4,795	6.8	7.3	6.4	40,940	22,855	18,090	6.6	7.1	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	8,600	4,775	3,825	5.6	6.1	5.1	33,380	19,360	14,015	5.4	6.0	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	7,420	4,165	3,255	4.8	5.4	4.3	29,020	16,645	12,375	4.7	5.2	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	5,895	3,365	2,530	3.9	4.3	3.4	23,480	13,565	9,915	3.8	4.2	3.3
$100,000 and over	16,670	11,635	5,040	10.9	15.0	6.7	65,770	47,510	18,255	10.6	14.7	6.1
$100,000 to $124,999	7,720	4,895	2,825	5.0	6.3	3.8	31,845	20,990	10,855	5.1	6.5	3.6
$125,000 and over	8,950	6,740	2,210	5.8	8.7	2.9	33,925	26,520	7,405	5.4	8.2	2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	212,510	103,335	109,175	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,780	436,550	446,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	198,570	96,165	102,405	93.4	93.1	93.8	825,815	406,805	419,010	93.5	93.2	93.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,000	36,400	41,600	48,000	36,400	41,200	48,000	35,600	41,200	48,000	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	198,625	96,175	102,450	93.5	93.1	93.8	826,075	406,845	419,225	93.6	93.2	93.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,400	33,600	37,200	42,400	33,600	37,200	42,400	32,800	37,200	42,400	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	181,570	89,285	92,285	85.4	86.4	84.5	745,575	372,880	372,700	84.5	85.4	83.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	46,800	32,800	38,800	46,800	32,800	38,400	46,400	31,600	38,400	46,400	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	151,775	77,030	74,745	71.4	74.5	68.5	619,030	320,010	299,020	70.1	73.3	67.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,000	33,600	39,200	46,000	33,600	38,400	45,600	32,400	38,400	45,600	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	171,400	81,400	90,000	80.7	78.8	82.4	712,010	346,320	365,690	80.7	79.3	82.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,980	1,140	4,400	1,980	1,140	4,400	3,360	1,240	6,160	3,360	1,240	6,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15,600	7,735	7,870	7.3	7.5	7.2	69,035	34,850	34,185	7.8	8.0	7.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	5,520	6,360	5,880	5,520	6,360	6,360	6,240	6,500	6,360	6,240	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	212,515	103,335	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	198,700	96,155	102,545	93.5	93.1	93.9	826,385	406,875	419,505	93.6	93.2	94.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,250	61,550	45,440	53,250	61,550	45,440	51,350	59,400	43,480	51,350	59,400	43,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	198,770	96,160	102,605	93.5	93.1	94.0	826,660	406,915	419,740	93.6	93.2	94.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,360	50,080	39,000	44,360	50,080	39,000	42,960	48,440	37,640	42,960	48,440	37,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	181,850	89,225	92,625	85.6	86.3	84.8	746,260	372,755	373,505	84.5	85.4	83.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,750	61,250	42,600	51,750	61,250	42,600	49,600	58,900	40,320	49,600	58,900	40,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	152,175	76,965	75,210	71.6	74.5	68.9	619,710	319,750	299,965	70.2	73.3	67.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,080	58,150	41,840	50,080	58,150	41,840	48,320	56,150	39,960	48,320	56,150	39,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	171,615	81,555	90,060	80.8	78.9	82.5	712,110	346,290	365,820	80.7	79.3	82.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,800	5,560	7,920	6,800	5,560	7,920	7,580	6,400	8,700	7,580	6,400	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,565	7,860	7,710	7.3	7.6	7.1	68,920	34,910	34,015	7.8	8.0	7.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,610	6,610	8,630	7,610	6,610	8,630	8,030	7,450	8,630	8,030	7,450	8,630
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	212,510	103,330	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	71,910	39,730	32,180	33.8	38.4	29.5	299,100	167,785	131,315	33.9	38.4	29.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,200	67,500	55,600	61,200	67,500	55,600	58,800	65,000	52,400	58,800	65,000	52,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,800	78,600	61,300	70,800	78,600	61,300	67,100	74,200	57,950	67,100	74,200	57,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	58,625	26,860	31,765	27.6	26.0	29.1	222,840	104,130	118,710	25.2	23.9	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	27,200	21,600	23,800	27,200	21,600	24,400	28,600	21,800	24,400	28,600	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,640	40,480	29,720	34,640	40,480	29,720	34,880	41,840	28,800	34,880	41,840	28,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.0	92.4	84.6	89.0	92.4	84.6	87.2	90.8	82.6	87.2	90.8	82.6
Employment income (%)	72.0	75.6	67.6	72.0	75.6	67.6	70.6	74.2	65.6	70.6	74.2	65.6
Government transfers (%)	11.0	7.7	15.3	11.0	7.7	15.3	12.7	9.2	17.4	12.7	9.2	17.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	107,050	...	...	...	...	...	449,580	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	31,670	...	...	...	...	...	130,105	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,400	...	...	44,400	...	...	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	75,380	...	...	...	...	...	319,475	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	107,055	...	...	...	...	...	449,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	99,800	...	...	99,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,400	...	...	87,400	...	...	84,100	...	...	84,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	31,630	...	...	...	...	...	129,935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,450	...	...	54,450	...	...	53,300	...	...	53,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,920	...	...	45,920	...	...	44,680	...	...	44,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	75,420	...	...	...	...	...	319,645	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,800	...	...	124,800	...	...	118,700	...	...	118,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	104,900	...	...	100,100	...	...	100,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	107,050	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,150	...	...	1.1	...	...	5,030	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	640	...	...	0.6	...	...	2,640	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,125	...	...	1.1	...	...	4,645	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,915	...	...	1.8	...	...	8,295	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,950	...	...	3.7	...	...	19,430	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,450	...	...	3.2	...	...	15,705	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,395	...	...	3.2	...	...	14,730	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,780	...	...	3.5	...	...	17,200	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,940	...	...	3.7	...	...	17,145	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,920	...	...	3.7	...	...	17,225	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,895	...	...	7.4	...	...	33,580	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	7,655	...	...	7.2	...	...	32,145	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,330	...	...	6.8	...	...	30,370	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,815	...	...	6.4	...	...	28,270	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,145	...	...	5.7	...	...	26,025	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	43,950	...	...	41.1	...	...	177,135	...	...	39.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	12,685	...	...	11.8	...	...	53,545	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	9,430	...	...	8.8	...	...	39,320	...	...	8.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	11,660	...	...	10.9	...	...	47,170	...	...	10.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	10,175	...	...	9.5	...	...	37,100	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	107,050	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,285	...	...	1.2	...	...	5,735	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	650	...	...	0.6	...	...	2,730	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,170	...	...	1.1	...	...	4,800	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,980	...	...	1.8	...	...	8,635	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,315	...	...	4.0	...	...	20,715	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,970	...	...	3.7	...	...	17,735	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,945	...	...	3.7	...	...	17,085	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,670	...	...	4.4	...	...	20,380	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,560	...	...	4.3	...	...	20,090	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,690	...	...	4.4	...	...	19,875	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	9,410	...	...	8.8	...	...	39,515	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	8,870	...	...	8.3	...	...	37,680	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	8,390	...	...	7.8	...	...	35,090	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	7,405	...	...	6.9	...	...	31,875	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,720	...	...	6.3	...	...	28,180	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	35,015	...	...	32.7	...	...	139,455	...	...	31.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	12,990	...	...	12.1	...	...	54,690	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,755	...	...	8.2	...	...	35,800	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	13,270	...	...	12.4	...	...	48,965	...	...	10.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	70,585	...	...	...	...	...	306,550	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	26,380	...	...	...	...	...	124,905	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	30,420	...	...	...	...	...	125,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	11,150	...	...	...	...	...	47,700	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	46,775	22,415	24,360	...	...	...	171,275	86,725	84,555	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	40,800	38,800	39,600	40,800	38,800	39,200	41,200	37,600	39,200	41,200	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	36,800	35,600	36,000	36,800	35,600	35,600	36,800	34,800	35,600	36,800	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	70,545	...	...	...	...	...	306,600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,400	...	...	125,400	...	...	118,600	...	...	118,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	99,800	...	...	99,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	26,335	...	...	...	...	...	125,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	119,300	...	...	119,300	...	...	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,900	...	...	98,900	...	...	92,300	...	...	92,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30,510	...	...	...	...	...	125,520	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,600	...	...	150,600	...	...	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,300	...	...	125,300	...	...	121,200	...	...	121,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,130	...	...	...	...	...	47,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,800	...	...	76,800	...	...	73,100	...	...	73,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,400	...	...	68,400	...	...	65,900	...	...	65,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	46,745	22,510	24,235	...	...	...	171,095	86,755	84,335	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,000	50,840	47,320	49,000	50,840	47,320	49,640	52,300	46,880	49,640	52,300	46,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,760	42,600	41,000	41,760	42,600	41,000	41,960	43,200	40,680	41,960	43,200	40,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	260,955	128,330	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,475	553,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	57,210	29,565	27,640	21.9	23.0	20.8	261,770	134,340	127,430	23.7	24.4	23.0
0 to 5 years	19,010	9,800	9,210	7.3	7.6	6.9	83,310	42,545	40,765	7.6	7.7	7.4
18 to 64 years	166,230	82,125	84,110	63.7	64.0	63.4	657,835	328,185	329,655	59.6	59.7	59.5
65 years and over	37,515	16,640	20,880	14.4	13.0	15.7	183,595	86,950	96,645	16.6	15.8	17.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	30,675	14,325	16,345	...	...	...	147,955	71,010	76,945	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	9,000	4,705	4,295	...	...	...	45,500	23,280	22,215	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	3,010	1,520	1,485	...	...	...	15,520	7,735	7,790	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	17,205	8,140	9,070	...	...	...	74,450	36,410	38,040	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,470	1,485	2,985	...	...	...	28,000	11,315	16,690	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.8	11.2	12.3	11.8	11.2	12.3	13.4	12.9	13.9	13.4	12.9	13.9
0 to 17 years (%)	15.7	15.9	15.5	15.7	15.9	15.5	17.4	17.3	17.4	17.4	17.3	17.4
0 to 5 years (%)	15.8	15.5	16.1	15.8	15.5	16.1	18.6	18.2	19.1	18.6	18.2	19.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.4	9.9	10.8	10.4	9.9	10.8	11.3	11.1	11.5	11.3	11.1	11.5
65 years and over (%)	11.9	8.9	14.3	11.9	8.9	14.3	15.3	13.0	17.3	15.3	13.0	17.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	260,955	128,330	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,047,470	521,355	526,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	57,205	29,570	27,640	21.9	23.0	20.8	239,370	122,980	116,385	22.9	23.6	22.1
0 to 5 years	19,015	9,805	9,215	7.3	7.6	6.9	76,215	39,020	37,195	7.3	7.5	7.1
18 to 64 years	166,235	82,120	84,110	63.7	64.0	63.4	628,090	313,165	314,925	60.0	60.1	59.9
65 years and over	37,515	16,635	20,875	14.4	13.0	15.7	180,015	85,205	94,805	17.2	16.3	18.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	13,685	7,135	6,550	...	...	...	42,310	22,585	19,730	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,285	1,720	1,565	...	...	...	10,250	5,365	4,890	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,030	530	505	...	...	...	3,285	1,675	1,610	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,775	5,145	4,635	...	...	...	29,210	15,830	13,375	...	...	...
65 years and over	625	270	355	...	...	...	2,850	1,390	1,465	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.2	5.6	4.9	5.2	5.6	4.9	4.0	4.3	3.8	4.0	4.3	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.7	5.8	5.7	4.3	4.4	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.2
0 to 5 years (%)	5.4	5.4	5.5	5.4	5.4	5.5	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3
18 to 64 years (%)	5.9	6.3	5.5	5.9	6.3	5.5	4.7	5.1	4.3	4.7	5.1	4.3
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	260,955	128,330	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,475	553,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	131,845	63,165	68,675	50.5	49.2	51.8	580,685	283,030	297,655	52.6	51.5	53.8
In bottom decile	29,255	14,190	15,065	11.2	11.1	11.4	129,985	64,240	65,750	11.8	11.7	11.9
In second decile	26,040	11,990	14,045	10.0	9.3	10.6	119,140	55,775	63,370	10.8	10.2	11.4
In third decile	25,735	12,250	13,490	9.9	9.5	10.2	112,825	54,665	58,160	10.2	9.9	10.5
In fourth decile	25,505	12,345	13,155	9.8	9.6	9.9	110,110	54,280	55,835	10.0	9.9	10.1
In fifth decile	25,315	12,390	12,920	9.7	9.7	9.7	108,615	54,070	54,540	9.8	9.8	9.8
In top half of the distribution	129,115	65,165	63,950	49.5	50.8	48.2	522,520	266,445	256,075	47.4	48.5	46.2
In sixth decile	25,250	12,525	12,720	9.7	9.8	9.6	107,950	54,265	53,680	9.8	9.9	9.7
In seventh decile	25,830	12,900	12,925	9.9	10.1	9.7	108,365	54,950	53,415	9.8	10.0	9.6
In eighth decile	26,470	13,355	13,115	10.1	10.4	9.9	108,465	55,155	53,315	9.8	10.0	9.6
In ninth decile	26,375	13,435	12,945	10.1	10.5	9.8	106,220	54,550	51,670	9.6	9.9	9.3
In top decile	25,185	12,940	12,245	9.7	10.1	9.2	91,515	47,520	44,000	8.3	8.6	7.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	260,955	...	...	260,955	...	...	1,103,200	...	...	1,103,200	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.334	...	...	0.334	...	...	0.332	...	...	0.332	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.439	...	...	0.439	...	...	0.447	...	...	0.447	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.295	...	...	0.295	...	...	0.293	...	...	0.293	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	262,570	128,870	133,705	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,116,045	555,220	560,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	241,760	119,625	122,135	92.1	92.8	91.3	1,055,000	527,580	527,420	94.5	95.0	94.0
French only	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	210	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	17,005	7,550	9,455	6.5	5.9	7.1	51,970	23,490	28,480	4.7	4.2	5.1
Neither English nor French	3,700	1,640	2,055	1.4	1.3	1.5	8,625	3,940	4,685	0.8	0.7	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	262,570	128,870	133,705	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,116,045	555,220	560,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	255,455	125,635	129,825	97.3	97.5	97.1	1,094,690	545,105	549,585	98.1	98.2	98.0
French	2,805	1,300	1,500	1.1	1.0	1.1	11,335	5,500	5,835	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	760	370	390	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,815	905	905	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	3,550	1,565	1,985	1.4	1.2	1.5	8,200	3,705	4,495	0.7	0.7	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	262,570	128,870	133,705	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,116,045	555,220	560,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	252,675	124,090	128,585	96.2	96.3	96.2	1,082,470	538,920	543,550	97.0	97.1	96.9
Official languages	201,460	99,220	102,240	76.7	77.0	76.5	924,330	461,055	463,275	82.8	83.0	82.6
English	198,440	97,825	100,615	75.6	75.9	75.3	911,765	454,950	456,815	81.7	81.9	81.5
French	3,020	1,395	1,625	1.2	1.1	1.2	12,565	6,105	6,460	1.1	1.1	1.2
Non-official languages	51,215	24,865	26,345	19.5	19.3	19.7	158,135	77,865	80,275	14.2	14.0	14.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,345	550	795	0.5	0.4	0.6	20,785	9,935	10,850	1.9	1.8	1.9
Algonquian languages	1,065	430	635	0.4	0.3	0.5	14,490	6,910	7,575	1.3	1.2	1.4
Blackfoot	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	945	385	565	0.4	0.3	0.4	13,810	6,595	7,215	1.2	1.2	1.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	945	385	565	0.4	0.3	0.4	13,810	6,595	7,215	1.2	1.2	1.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	220	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	285	120	165	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,005	1,440	1,570	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	75	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,255	580	670	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.	560	230	330	0.2	0.2	0.2	9,060	4,325	4,735	0.8	0.8	0.8
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	110	45	70	0.0	0.0	0.1	670	310	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	110	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	310	350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	85	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	275	310	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	225	95	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,790	2,790	2,995	0.5	0.5	0.5
Northern Athabaskan languages	225	95	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,780	2,785	2,995	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	225	95	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,780	2,785	2,995	0.5	0.5	0.5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	125	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	50	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	49,870	24,315	25,555	19.0	18.9	19.1	137,355	67,925	69,430	12.3	12.2	12.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,950	1,995	1,955	1.5	1.5	1.5	7,795	3,935	3,860	0.7	0.7	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	360	175	190	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,010	480	530	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	205	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	690	320	365	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,560	1,810	1,750	1.4	1.4	1.3	6,730	3,425	3,300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	170	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	370	170	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,320	1,205	1,120	0.9	0.9	0.8	4,610	2,370	2,235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	615	305	315	0.2	0.2	0.2	665	330	340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	320	160	160	0.1	0.1	0.1	345	170	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	250	115	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	275	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	410	210	205	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,010	515	495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,590	750	835	0.6	0.6	0.6	3,590	1,705	1,880	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,515	715	800	0.6	0.6	0.6	3,455	1,645	1,815	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	8,995	4,190	4,805	3.4	3.3	3.6	27,210	12,750	14,460	2.4	2.3	2.6
Bikol	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	580	270	315	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	455	200	255	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,365	620	745	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	175	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	350	155	190	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,085	490	590	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	140	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,535	3,525	4,010	2.9	2.7	3.0	22,680	10,680	12,010	2.0	1.9	2.1
Waray-Waray	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	130	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	140	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	110	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	870	450	425	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,645	1,450	1,190	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	480	255	230	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,660	915	745	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	180	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	440	235	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	430	245	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	24,210	11,925	12,285	9.2	9.3	9.2	73,910	37,200	36,715	6.6	6.7	6.5
Albanian	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	170	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,455	1,970	2,490	1.7	1.5	1.9	13,790	6,380	7,410	1.2	1.1	1.3
Baltic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,425	1,955	2,475	1.7	1.5	1.9	13,640	6,305	7,330	1.2	1.1	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	460	195	265	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,335	595	740	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	810	365	445	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,565	1,180	1,385	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	105	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	455	230	220	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,080	550	530	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	120	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	360	175	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	180	105	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	445	240	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	2,515	1,080	1,435	1.0	0.8	1.1	8,030	3,685	4,340	0.7	0.7	0.8
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,715	1,170	1,545	1.0	0.9	1.2	21,360	10,450	10,905	1.9	1.9	1.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,780	755	1,025	0.7	0.6	0.8	16,020	7,795	8,225	1.4	1.4	1.5
German	1,745	735	1,015	0.7	0.6	0.8	15,875	7,715	8,160	1.4	1.4	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	785	355	430	0.3	0.3	0.3	4,795	2,400	2,395	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	180	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,360	720	640	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	235	115	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,020	520	505	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	540	255	285	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low Saxon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	290	125	170	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,765	855	910	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	150	55	90	0.1	0.0	0.1	515	245	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	110	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	85	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	185	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	805	415	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	13,460	7,030	6,430	5.1	5.5	4.8	30,330	16,195	14,135	2.7	2.9	2.5
Indo-Aryan languages	12,110	6,315	5,800	4.6	4.9	4.3	27,930	14,925	13,005	2.5	2.7	2.3
Assamese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	2,175	1,130	1,050	0.8	0.9	0.8	3,680	1,925	1,760	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	1,620	890	735	0.6	0.7	0.5	5,175	2,930	2,245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Hindi	870	500	375	0.3	0.4	0.3	2,395	1,375	1,020	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	100	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	330	175	155	0.1	0.1	0.1	745	390	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,085	1,605	1,485	1.2	1.2	1.1	8,555	4,570	3,985	0.8	0.8	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	105	65	45	0.0	0.1	0.0	140	80	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	210	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	285	130	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	3,530	1,765	1,770	1.3	1.4	1.3	6,510	3,285	3,225	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	85	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,350	715	630	0.5	0.6	0.5	2,390	1,265	1,125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	95	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	95	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	255	145	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	480	275	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	920	475	445	0.4	0.4	0.3	1,660	855	805	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dari	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	390	205	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	665	340	320	0.3	0.3	0.2	1,105	565	540	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,215	1,575	1,645	1.2	1.2	1.2	7,130	3,495	3,635	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	190	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	595	295	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	550	245	305	0.2	0.2	0.2	875	385	490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	330	165	160	0.1	0.1	0.1	735	360	380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,145	1,065	1,080	0.8	0.8	0.8	4,915	2,450	2,465	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	105	35	70	0.0	0.0	0.1	250	75	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	450	190	260	0.2	0.1	0.2	1,690	815	880	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,165	590	575	0.4	0.5	0.4	2,890	1,485	1,405	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	115	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	125	65	55	0.0	0.1	0.0	305	170	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	445	225	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	355	190	170	0.1	0.1	0.1	835	435	400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	345	165	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	205	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	470	255	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	80	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	115	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,455	3,655	3,800	2.8	2.8	2.8	14,515	7,115	7,395	1.3	1.3	1.3
Chinese languages	7,120	3,485	3,635	2.7	2.7	2.7	13,470	6,595	6,875	1.2	1.2	1.2
Hakka	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5,080	2,480	2,600	1.9	1.9	1.9	9,150	4,495	4,655	0.8	0.8	0.8
Min Dong	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,820	895	925	0.7	0.7	0.7	3,765	1,825	1,935	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	140	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	330	165	165	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,015	510	510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	230	115	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	785	395	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	200	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	675	350	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	420	170	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	105	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	130	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	40	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	230	120	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	400	200	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	165	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	295	155	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	310	155	155	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,085	525	565	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	65	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	270	140	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	910	450	465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,900	4,785	5,110	3.8	3.7	3.8	33,575	16,305	17,275	3.0	2.9	3.1
English and French	1,055	485	570	0.4	0.4	0.4	3,525	1,700	1,825	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	7,770	3,795	3,975	3.0	2.9	3.0	27,035	13,180	13,855	2.4	2.4	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	175	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	415	195	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	785	375	415	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,250	1,055	1,200	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	262,570	128,870	133,705	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,116,045	555,220	560,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	204,355	100,405	103,945	77.8	77.9	77.7	938,715	467,760	470,955	84.1	84.2	84.0
French	535	265	270	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,095	1,010	1,080	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	14,120	6,995	7,125	5.4	5.4	5.3	41,955	20,925	21,035	3.8	3.8	3.8
Indigenous³⁹	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,235	2,105	2,135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-Indigenous	13,970	6,925	7,035	5.3	5.4	5.3	37,720	18,820	18,895	3.4	3.4	3.4
English and French	2,475	1,120	1,355	0.9	0.9	1.0	7,920	3,650	4,265	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	38,290	18,735	19,550	14.6	14.5	14.6	118,480	58,500	59,980	10.6	10.5	10.7
French and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	135	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,010	475	530	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,595	1,230	1,360	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	1,710	830	875	0.7	0.6	0.7	4,005	2,005	2,000	0.4	0.4	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	262,570	128,870	133,705	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,116,045	555,220	560,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	252,295	123,890	128,410	96.1	96.1	96.0	1,084,685	539,755	544,930	97.2	97.2	97.2
Official languages	220,835	108,205	112,625	84.1	84.0	84.2	993,865	494,130	499,730	89.1	89.0	89.1
English	219,995	107,790	112,205	83.8	83.6	83.9	990,645	492,580	498,070	88.8	88.7	88.8
French	840	420	420	0.3	0.3	0.3	3,215	1,550	1,665	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	31,465	15,680	15,780	12.0	12.2	11.8	90,820	45,625	45,195	8.1	8.2	8.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	320	130	185	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,060	4,505	4,560	0.8	0.8	0.8
Algonquian languages	235	95	140	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,890	2,475	2,420	0.4	0.4	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	220	90	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,780	2,415	2,370	0.4	0.4	0.4
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	220	90	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,780	2,415	2,370	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	115	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	865	440	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	235	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	125	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.1	3,250	1,625	1,630	0.3	0.3	0.3
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,030	1,965	2,070	0.4	0.4	0.4
Northern Athabaskan languages	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	31,145	15,550	15,600	11.9	12.1	11.7	81,760	41,125	40,635	7.3	7.4	7.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,580	1,260	1,325	1.0	1.0	1.0	5,140	2,505	2,630	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	235	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	680	325	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	200	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,340	1,145	1,190	0.9	0.9	0.9	4,445	2,175	2,270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	110	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,525	755	770	0.6	0.6	0.6	3,055	1,500	1,560	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	420	195	225	0.2	0.2	0.2	455	210	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	215	90	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	225	95	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	200	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	270	130	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	710	360	350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,210	590	625	0.5	0.5	0.5	2,735	1,340	1,400	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,185	580	605	0.5	0.5	0.5	2,700	1,325	1,370	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5,785	2,780	3,000	2.2	2.2	2.2	16,905	8,200	8,705	1.5	1.5	1.6
Bikol	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	150	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	275	130	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	740	360	385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	100	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	190	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	490	235	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,995	2,390	2,605	1.9	1.9	1.9	14,610	7,085	7,520	1.3	1.3	1.3
Waray-Waray	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	565	305	260	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,765	940	825	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	330	185	150	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,175	640	535	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	120	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	130	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	140	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,935	7,160	6,780	5.3	5.6	5.1	40,455	20,825	19,625	3.6	3.8	3.5
Albanian	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,640	820	815	0.6	0.6	0.6	4,420	2,220	2,200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,630	815	815	0.6	0.6	0.6	4,345	2,185	2,160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	330	150	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	520	255	260	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,575	795	785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	205	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	465	235	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	115	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	135	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	665	345	320	0.3	0.3	0.2	1,700	870	830	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	280	150	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,335	4,615	4,715	0.8	0.8	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,845	3,845	4,000	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,820	3,835	3,990	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	115	70	50	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,455	755	695	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	95	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	875	465	415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	130	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	170	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10,085	5,240	4,845	3.8	4.1	3.6	22,590	11,955	10,635	2.0	2.2	1.9
Indo-Aryan languages	9,125	4,745	4,380	3.5	3.7	3.3	20,940	11,115	9,825	1.9	2.0	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,635	855	780	0.6	0.7	0.6	2,700	1,415	1,290	0.2	0.3	0.2
Gujarati	1,290	695	595	0.5	0.5	0.4	3,975	2,205	1,775	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hindi	575	320	250	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,670	950	715	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	235	130	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	540	285	255	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,545	1,295	1,245	1.0	1.0	0.9	6,955	3,665	3,285	0.6	0.7	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	80	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	115	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	2,560	1,315	1,245	1.0	1.0	0.9	4,645	2,370	2,275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	960	495	465	0.4	0.4	0.3	1,640	835	805	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	170	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	315	170	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	675	340	335	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,160	580	580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	110	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	525	270	260	0.2	0.2	0.2	835	420	415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,785	885	900	0.7	0.7	0.7	3,545	1,770	1,770	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	300	145	155	0.1	0.1	0.1	415	200	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	175	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	310	155	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,265	625	635	0.5	0.5	0.5	2,685	1,350	1,335	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	310	140	170	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,250	625	630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	430	205	225	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,130	550	580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	125	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	300	135	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	120	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	125	70	55	0.0	0.1	0.0	355	205	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	95	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	150	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,770	2,845	2,930	2.2	2.2	2.2	11,010	5,445	5,565	1.0	1.0	1.0
Chinese languages	5,505	2,705	2,805	2.1	2.1	2.1	10,220	5,040	5,180	0.9	0.9	0.9
Hakka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	4,195	2,075	2,120	1.6	1.6	1.6	7,415	3,695	3,715	0.7	0.7	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,175	560	615	0.4	0.4	0.5	2,490	1,190	1,295	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	95	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	265	140	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	780	400	380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	190	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	615	310	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	530	270	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	75	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	50	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	110	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	95	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	90	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10,270	4,985	5,290	3.9	3.9	4.0	31,360	15,460	15,900	2.8	2.8	2.8
English and French	410	180	235	0.2	0.1	0.2	1,325	615	715	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	9,440	4,605	4,840	3.6	3.6	3.6	29,060	14,370	14,695	2.6	2.6	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	130	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	260	125	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	590	285	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	262,570	128,870	133,705	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,116,045	555,220	560,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	227,275	111,665	115,610	86.6	86.6	86.5	1,008,760	502,475	506,285	90.4	90.5	90.3
English	13,200	6,610	6,595	5.0	5.1	4.9	39,070	19,635	19,435	3.5	3.5	3.5
French	2,090	945	1,150	0.8	0.7	0.9	6,395	2,935	3,455	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	14,845	7,050	7,795	5.7	5.5	5.8	48,520	23,370	25,145	4.3	4.2	4.5
Indigenous³⁹	1,080	450	625	0.4	0.3	0.5	10,735	4,980	5,755	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-Indigenous	13,765	6,600	7,170	5.2	5.1	5.4	37,785	18,390	19,395	3.4	3.3	3.5
English and French	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	345	180	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	2,795	1,415	1,375	1.1	1.1	1.0	6,935	3,595	3,345	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	440	200	240	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,155	515	640	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,765	900	860	0.7	0.7	0.6	4,795	2,475	2,320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	260,955	128,325	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	257,270	126,745	130,525	98.6	98.8	98.4	1,095,170	545,875	549,300	99.3	99.3	99.2
English	257,180	126,695	130,485	98.6	98.7	98.4	1,094,790	545,650	549,135	99.2	99.3	99.2
French	16,990	7,305	9,690	6.5	5.7	7.3	52,065	23,725	28,335	4.7	4.3	5.1
Non-official languages	68,685	33,570	35,115	26.3	26.2	26.5	209,395	103,350	106,050	19.0	18.8	19.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,485	1,015	1,470	1.0	0.8	1.1	35,075	16,800	18,280	3.2	3.1	3.3
Algonquian languages	2,035	850	1,185	0.8	0.7	0.9	25,960	12,535	13,430	2.4	2.3	2.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,865	760	1,105	0.7	0.6	0.8	24,850	11,960	12,895	2.3	2.2	2.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	1,865	760	1,105	0.7	0.6	0.8	24,850	11,960	12,895	2.3	2.2	2.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	440	415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	805	310	485	0.3	0.2	0.4	6,450	3,070	3,375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,365	1,125	1,235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.	860	340	520	0.3	0.3	0.4	15,355	7,415	7,945	1.4	1.3	1.4
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	220	100	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,330	685	640	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	215	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,275	665	610	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	170	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,120	575	550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	90	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	350	115	230	0.1	0.1	0.2	8,085	3,795	4,295	0.7	0.7	0.8
Northern Athabaskan languages	350	115	230	0.1	0.1	0.2	8,080	3,795	4,285	0.7	0.7	0.8
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	350	115	230	0.1	0.1	0.2	8,080	3,795	4,285	0.7	0.7	0.8
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	100	35	75	0.0	0.0	0.1	855	395	460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	365	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	110	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	185	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	66,260	32,565	33,695	25.4	25.4	25.4	174,635	86,680	87,955	15.8	15.8	15.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,620	2,880	2,740	2.2	2.2	2.1	11,165	5,770	5,395	1.0	1.1	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	125	70	60	0.0	0.1	0.0	265	125	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	110	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	105	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	460	235	225	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,415	720	695	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	95	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	235	120	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	900	450	455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	130	65	65	0.0	0.1	0.0	165	95	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5,175	2,660	2,520	2.0	2.1	1.9	9,850	5,120	4,735	0.9	0.9	0.9
Amharic	415	215	195	0.2	0.2	0.1	855	440	415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	3,820	1,975	1,840	1.5	1.5	1.4	7,265	3,825	3,445	0.7	0.7	0.6
Aramaic languages	1,015	485	530	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,200	565	630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	550	260	295	0.2	0.2	0.2	605	280	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	495	235	260	0.2	0.2	0.2	540	255	285	0.0	0.0	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	45	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	130	70	60	0.0	0.1	0.0	470	250	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	555	280	275	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,365	710	660	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	90	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	90	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,055	1,025	1,030	0.8	0.8	0.8	4,625	2,275	2,355	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	80	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	100	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,960	965	990	0.8	0.8	0.7	4,440	2,165	2,280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	12,465	5,900	6,560	4.8	4.6	4.9	37,460	17,730	19,730	3.4	3.2	3.6
Bikol	95	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	130	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	255	95	155	0.1	0.1	0.1	915	430	485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	605	265	340	0.2	0.2	0.3	2,180	1,010	1,175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	605	270	335	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	805	380	430	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,500	1,175	1,320	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	140	55	85	0.1	0.0	0.1	215	85	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	120	45	75	0.0	0.0	0.1	205	90	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	65	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	485	250	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	12,050	5,710	6,340	4.6	4.4	4.8	36,125	17,020	19,110	3.3	3.1	3.5
Waray-Waray	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	120	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	350	140	210	0.1	0.1	0.2	1,155	545	615	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	335	150	180	0.1	0.1	0.1	950	480	470	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	385	195	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	80	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,495	800	695	0.6	0.6	0.5	4,190	2,210	1,980	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	130	70	60	0.0	0.1	0.0	225	110	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	770	410	360	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,515	1,335	1,180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	470	255	215	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,120	625	495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	335	190	150	0.1	0.1	0.1	845	445	400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	32,610	16,260	16,350	12.5	12.7	12.3	89,555	45,335	44,220	8.1	8.3	8.0
Albanian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	220	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	5,720	2,495	3,230	2.2	1.9	2.4	17,185	7,985	9,200	1.6	1.5	1.7
Baltic languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	85	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5,700	2,490	3,210	2.2	1.9	2.4	17,095	7,945	9,145	1.5	1.4	1.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	625	265	360	0.2	0.2	0.3	1,745	800	945	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	1,890	910	980	0.7	0.7	0.7	5,305	2,590	2,715	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	80	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	670	340	330	0.3	0.3	0.2	1,705	865	835	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	210	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	400	195	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	300	155	150	0.1	0.1	0.1	745	405	340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	375	210	175	0.1	0.2	0.1	965	495	470	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	3,415	1,415	1,995	1.3	1.1	1.5	10,795	4,935	5,855	1.0	0.9	1.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	105	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,705	1,740	1,965	1.4	1.4	1.5	18,455	9,290	9,165	1.7	1.7	1.7
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,545	1,195	1,345	1.0	0.9	1.0	11,940	5,995	5,945	1.1	1.1	1.1
German	2,515	1,180	1,335	1.0	0.9	1.0	11,815	5,935	5,880	1.1	1.1	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,005	515	490	0.4	0.4	0.4	6,140	3,205	2,935	0.6	0.6	0.5
Afrikaans	335	190	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,175	1,185	990	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	275	155	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,285	680	605	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	60	10	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	275	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	330	155	175	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,015	1,025	980	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	305	110	200	0.1	0.1	0.2	955	395	560	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	135	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	485	175	305	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	95	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	100	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	345	170	175	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,430	730	705	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	17,550	9,335	8,215	6.7	7.3	6.2	39,895	21,385	18,505	3.6	3.9	3.3
Indo-Aryan languages	16,225	8,625	7,600	6.2	6.7	5.7	37,480	20,070	17,410	3.4	3.7	3.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	2,450	1,300	1,145	0.9	1.0	0.9	4,490	2,350	2,140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gujarati	2,450	1,385	1,065	0.9	1.1	0.8	6,965	3,985	2,985	0.6	0.7	0.5
Hindi	5,520	3,020	2,505	2.1	2.4	1.9	15,740	8,600	7,140	1.4	1.6	1.3
Kacchi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	210	115	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	520	270	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	540	280	260	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,040	550	490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,215	2,750	2,470	2.0	2.1	1.9	13,310	7,110	6,200	1.2	1.3	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	200	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	250	135	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	280	110	170	0.1	0.1	0.1	405	180	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5,800	3,000	2,795	2.2	2.3	2.1	10,540	5,470	5,070	1.0	1.0	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	85	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	205	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,720	920	800	0.7	0.7	0.6	3,025	1,640	1,390	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	170	100	65	0.1	0.1	0.0	170	100	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	85	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	110	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	445	250	195	0.2	0.2	0.1	745	415	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	1,125	580	540	0.4	0.5	0.4	2,045	1,095	950	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	250	145	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	610	335	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	780	395	390	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,340	710	625	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,915	2,860	3,055	2.3	2.2	2.3	14,285	6,885	7,400	1.3	1.3	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	535	280	250	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,400	670	730	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	705	365	345	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,320	655	670	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	410	205	210	0.2	0.2	0.2	915	450	465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	4,555	2,175	2,380	1.7	1.7	1.8	11,185	5,395	5,785	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	520	270	250	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,170	585	585	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	505	210	295	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,870	900	970	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,695	1,380	1,310	1.0	1.1	1.0	7,440	3,945	3,495	0.7	0.7	0.6
Akan (Twi)	230	110	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	515	255	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	60	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	75	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	435	200	240	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,200	630	570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	170	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	100	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	45	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.0	310	180	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	325	180	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,165	665	500	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	1,075	580	490	0.4	0.5	0.4	2,865	1,520	1,345	0.3	0.3	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	410	195	215	0.2	0.2	0.2	990	545	445	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	275	140	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	615	305	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	85	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.0	375	200	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	545	230	315	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,450	645	815	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	480	205	275	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,135	505	625	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	95	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	160	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,530	4,135	4,395	3.3	3.2	3.3	17,055	8,335	8,725	1.5	1.5	1.6
Chinese languages	8,080	3,885	4,200	3.1	3.0	3.2	15,625	7,620	8,005	1.4	1.4	1.4
Hakka	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	6,290	3,030	3,260	2.4	2.4	2.5	11,590	5,640	5,955	1.1	1.0	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	275	135	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,370	1,115	1,255	0.9	0.9	0.9	5,120	2,465	2,660	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	120	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	185	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	435	245	195	0.2	0.2	0.1	1,370	690	685	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	150	90	60	0.1	0.1	0.0	355	185	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	285	150	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,020	490	530	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	245	125	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	890	430	460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	30	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	220	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	590	280	310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	115	65	50	0.0	0.1	0.0	360	200	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	120	65	50	0.0	0.1	0.0	290	115	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	420	220	200	0.2	0.2	0.2	700	360	340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	310	165	150	0.1	0.1	0.1	565	295	270	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	295	140	155	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,240	595	645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	260	125	140	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,055	500	560	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	260,955	128,330	132,630	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	29,885	14,210	15,675	11.5	11.1	11.8	187,885	91,375	96,515	17.0	16.6	17.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	29,015	13,775	15,240	11.1	10.7	11.5	184,435	89,725	94,705	16.7	16.3	17.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	15,735	7,300	8,435	6.0	5.7	6.4	121,175	58,665	62,505	11.0	10.7	11.3
Métis	13,170	6,415	6,760	5.0	5.0	5.1	62,800	30,860	31,940	5.7	5.6	5.8
Inuk (Inuit)	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	200	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	610	305	305	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,030	985	1,045	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	255	125	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,425	665	765	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	231,070	114,115	116,955	88.5	88.9	88.2	915,310	458,120	457,195	83.0	83.4	82.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	260,955	128,330	132,630	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	14,265	6,550	7,715	5.5	5.1	5.8	115,055	55,385	59,670	10.4	10.1	10.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	246,690	121,775	124,910	94.5	94.9	94.2	988,145	494,110	494,035	89.6	89.9	89.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	69,520	...	...	64.9	...	...	317,655	...	...	70.7	...	...
Renter	37,530	...	...	35.1	...	...	118,590	...	...	26.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	13,335	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	23,240	...	...	21.7	...	...	49,490	...	...	11.0	...	...
Not condominium	83,815	...	...	78.3	...	...	400,095	...	...	89.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	740	...	...	0.7	...	...	1,945	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	12,810	...	...	12.0	...	...	41,900	...	...	9.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	27,875	...	...	26.0	...	...	103,860	...	...	23.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	32,230	...	...	30.1	...	...	150,360	...	...	33.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	33,400	...	...	31.2	...	...	151,520	...	...	33.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	32,350	...	...	30.2	...	...	105,050	...	...	23.4	...	...
5 rooms	16,260	...	...	15.2	...	...	70,620	...	...	15.7	...	...
6 rooms	13,695	...	...	12.8	...	...	66,100	...	...	14.7	...	...
7 rooms	12,305	...	...	11.5	...	...	59,535	...	...	13.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	32,440	...	...	30.3	...	...	148,270	...	...	33.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	103,755	...	...	96.9	...	...	438,000	...	...	97.4	...	...
More than one person per room	3,300	...	...	3.1	...	...	11,580	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	101,280	...	...	94.6	...	...	426,835	...	...	94.9	...	...
Not suitable	5,775	...	...	5.4	...	...	22,745	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	17,005	...	...	15.9	...	...	95,405	...	...	21.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	32,470	...	...	30.3	...	...	147,720	...	...	32.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	16,145	...	...	15.1	...	...	61,990	...	...	13.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,770	...	...	8.2	...	...	35,005	...	...	7.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,150	...	...	4.8	...	...	18,130	...	...	4.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	7,190	...	...	6.7	...	...	27,525	...	...	6.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	11,355	...	...	10.6	...	...	37,840	...	...	8.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	8,975	...	...	8.4	...	...	25,970	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	102,570	...	...	95.8	...	...	414,215	...	...	92.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,480	...	...	4.2	...	...	35,365	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	53,030	...	...	49.5	...	...	235,175	...	...	52.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	48,685	...	...	45.5	...	...	198,995	...	...	44.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	5,340	...	...	5.0	...	...	15,415	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	107,055	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	5,500	...	...	5.1	...	...	17,560	...	...	3.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	19,530	...	...	18.2	...	...	68,760	...	...	15.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	21,165	...	...	19.8	...	...	82,625	...	...	18.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	17,295	...	...	16.2	...	...	72,290	...	...	16.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	18,790	...	...	17.6	...	...	85,955	...	...	19.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	13,820	...	...	12.9	...	...	69,235	...	...	15.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,490	...	...	7.0	...	...	37,545	...	...	8.4	...	...
85 years and over	3,460	...	...	3.2	...	...	15,605	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	106,525	...	...	100.0	...	...	414,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	82,955	...	...	77.9	...	...	342,875	...	...	82.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	23,570	...	...	22.1	...	...	71,445	...	...	17.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	21,535	...	...	20.2	...	...	65,430	...	...	15.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	107,050	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	31,280	...	...	29.2	...	...	118,475	...	...	26.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	21,345	...	...	19.9	...	...	63,870	...	...	14.2	...	...
Not suitable only	4,430	...	...	4.1	...	...	16,865	...	...	3.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,030	...	...	2.8	...	...	26,900	...	...	6.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,025	...	...	1.0	...	...	2,370	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,135	...	...	1.1	...	...	4,960	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	250	...	...	0.2	...	...	3,270	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	0.1	...	...	245	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	75,770	...	...	70.8	...	...	331,105	...	...	73.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	104,490	...	...	100.0	...	...	408,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	11,110	...	...	10.6	...	...	41,895	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not in core need	93,375	...	...	89.4	...	...	366,405	...	...	89.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	69,500	...	...	...	...	...	298,500	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.1	...	...	64.1	...	...	57.9	...	...	57.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.1	...	...	14.1	...	...	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,470	...	...	1,470	...	...	1,110	...	...	1,110	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,528	...	...	1,528	...	...	1,296	...	...	1,296	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	376,000	...	...	376,000	...	...	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	393,600	...	...	393,600	...	...	324,400	...	...	324,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,535	...	...	...	...	...	117,545	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.9	...	...	11.9	...	...	17.1	...	...	17.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.1	...	...	37.1	...	...	33.1	...	...	33.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.7	...	...	22.7	...	...	22.1	...	...	22.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,150	...	...	1,030	...	...	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210	...	...	1,210	...	...	1,095	...	...	1,095	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...	13,335	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	226	...	...	226	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	280	...	...	280	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	260,955	128,330	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,490	553,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	15,180	7,145	8,035	5.8	5.6	6.1	122,375	59,605	62,765	11.1	10.8	11.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	14,635	6,915	7,720	5.6	5.4	5.8	118,965	57,970	60,995	10.8	10.5	11.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	11,385	5,195	6,190	4.4	4.0	4.7	101,725	49,415	52,315	9.2	9.0	9.4
Métis single ancestry	3,220	1,705	1,515	1.2	1.3	1.1	17,055	8,495	8,555	1.5	1.5	1.5
Inuit single ancestry	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	60	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	545	230	315	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,410	1,630	1,775	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	535	225	315	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,335	1,580	1,750	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	15,490	7,385	8,100	5.9	5.8	6.1	68,675	33,265	35,410	6.2	6.1	6.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	14,765	7,035	7,730	5.7	5.5	5.8	64,995	31,500	33,495	5.9	5.7	6.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	7,150	3,440	3,705	2.7	2.7	2.8	32,635	15,920	16,720	3.0	2.9	3.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	7,540	3,560	3,980	2.9	2.8	3.0	32,070	15,450	16,615	2.9	2.8	3.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	135	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	725	350	370	0.3	0.3	0.3	3,680	1,770	1,915	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	700	345	355	0.3	0.3	0.3	3,515	1,705	1,810	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	45	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	230,285	113,795	116,485	88.2	88.7	87.8	912,150	456,620	455,530	82.7	83.1	82.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	260,955	128,330	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	230,705	112,930	117,775	88.4	88.0	88.8	1,021,630	508,035	513,595	92.6	92.5	92.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	51,375	26,465	24,905	19.7	20.6	18.8	246,480	126,430	120,055	22.3	23.0	21.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	179,330	86,460	92,865	68.7	67.4	70.0	775,150	381,610	393,540	70.3	69.4	71.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	30,250	15,400	14,850	11.6	12.0	11.2	81,575	41,455	40,115	7.4	7.5	7.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	260,955	128,330	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	202,400	98,965	103,435	77.6	77.1	78.0	949,755	472,745	477,005	86.1	86.0	86.1
Immigrants⁸¹	53,210	26,515	26,690	20.4	20.7	20.1	137,620	67,895	69,725	12.5	12.4	12.6
Before 1980	4,000	1,885	2,115	1.5	1.5	1.6	12,780	6,020	6,760	1.2	1.1	1.2
1980 to 1990	2,345	1,170	1,170	0.9	0.9	0.9	5,945	2,955	2,990	0.5	0.5	0.5
1991 to 2000	3,625	1,725	1,900	1.4	1.3	1.4	8,390	3,910	4,480	0.8	0.7	0.8
2001 to 2010	11,980	6,005	5,975	4.6	4.7	4.5	29,370	14,480	14,895	2.7	2.6	2.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	31,265	15,735	15,530	12.0	12.3	11.7	81,135	40,535	40,605	7.4	7.4	7.3
2011 to 2015	14,225	7,155	7,070	5.5	5.6	5.3	38,020	19,065	18,955	3.4	3.5	3.4
2016 to 2021	17,035	8,575	8,465	6.5	6.7	6.4	43,120	21,470	21,645	3.9	3.9	3.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,345	2,845	2,500	2.0	2.2	1.9	15,830	8,850	6,980	1.4	1.6	1.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	53,215	26,520	26,695	100.0	100.0	100.0	137,620	67,895	69,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	5,110	2,665	2,440	9.6	10.0	9.1	13,370	6,890	6,480	9.7	10.1	9.3
5 to 14 years	10,420	5,575	4,845	19.6	21.0	18.1	26,755	14,085	12,680	19.4	20.7	18.2
15 to 24 years	7,760	3,645	4,115	14.6	13.7	15.4	20,460	9,465	10,995	14.9	13.9	15.8
25 to 44 years	24,940	12,120	12,825	46.9	45.7	48.0	64,955	31,330	33,625	47.2	46.1	48.2
45 years and over	4,980	2,515	2,465	9.4	9.5	9.2	12,070	6,130	5,945	8.8	9.0	8.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	53,215	26,520	26,695	100.0	100.0	100.0	137,620	67,895	69,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	4,050	2,025	2,030	7.6	7.6	7.6	12,580	5,910	6,675	9.1	8.7	9.6
Brazil	180	80	105	0.3	0.3	0.4	380	150	230	0.3	0.2	0.3
Colombia	305	145	155	0.6	0.5	0.6	665	315	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
El Salvador	330	145	190	0.6	0.5	0.7	620	280	345	0.5	0.4	0.5
Guyana	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	165	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	435	220	215	0.8	0.8	0.8	1,360	660	700	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mexico	405	200	200	0.8	0.8	0.7	1,720	870	850	1.2	1.3	1.2
Peru	95	25	70	0.2	0.1	0.3	160	45	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1	200	65	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
United States of America	1,470	800	670	2.8	3.0	2.5	5,215	2,375	2,835	3.8	3.5	4.1
Other places of birth in Americas	730	385	340	1.4	1.5	1.3	2,030	1,040	995	1.5	1.5	1.4
Europe	6,900	3,390	3,510	13.0	12.8	13.1	21,710	10,705	11,010	15.8	15.8	15.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	260	125	130	0.5	0.5	0.5	500	250	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatia	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2	415	245	170	0.3	0.4	0.2
France	95	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.2	310	115	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
Germany	500	205	295	0.9	0.8	1.1	2,100	980	1,115	1.5	1.4	1.6
Greece	155	80	70	0.3	0.3	0.3	500	290	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hungary	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1	325	175	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Italy	195	115	80	0.4	0.4	0.3	585	300	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Netherlands	185	120	70	0.3	0.5	0.3	965	560	400	0.7	0.8	0.6
Poland	430	190	240	0.8	0.7	0.9	1,080	455	625	0.8	0.7	0.9
Portugal	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2	200	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romania	295	150	145	0.6	0.6	0.5	660	330	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian Federation	260	105	155	0.5	0.4	0.6	650	270	385	0.5	0.4	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	175	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3	530	250	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	1,100	515	585	2.1	1.9	2.2	3,165	1,505	1,665	2.3	2.2	2.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,050	1,085	960	3.9	4.1	3.6	6,785	3,420	3,365	4.9	5.0	4.8
Other places of birth in Europe	910	405	505	1.7	1.5	1.9	2,940	1,455	1,490	2.1	2.1	2.1
Africa	5,995	3,090	2,905	11.3	11.7	10.9	16,080	8,440	7,640	11.7	12.4	11.0
Algeria	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	180	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3	665	335	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Egypt	375	195	175	0.7	0.7	0.7	805	415	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Eritrea	485	255	230	0.9	1.0	0.9	1,025	535	490	0.7	0.8	0.7
Ethiopia	340	190	150	0.6	0.7	0.6	775	380	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
Morocco	90	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1	190	110	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	2,090	1,065	1,025	3.9	4.0	3.8	5,030	2,620	2,410	3.7	3.9	3.5
Somalia	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2	485	240	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	380	180	200	0.7	0.7	0.7	2,075	1,070	1,005	1.5	1.6	1.4
Other places of birth in Africa	1,925	990	935	3.6	3.7	3.5	5,010	2,720	2,290	3.6	4.0	3.3
Asia	36,015	17,900	18,120	67.7	67.5	67.9	86,515	42,500	44,015	62.9	62.6	63.1
Afghanistan	200	100	105	0.4	0.4	0.4	465	230	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	660	345	315	1.2	1.3	1.2	1,040	570	470	0.8	0.8	0.7
Iraq	1,205	615	585	2.3	2.3	2.2	1,440	740	700	1.0	1.1	1.0
Lebanon	110	75	35	0.2	0.3	0.1	220	155	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	655	330	330	1.2	1.2	1.2	1,405	665	740	1.0	1.0	1.1
Turkey	155	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.3	280	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	4,695	2,240	2,450	8.8	8.4	9.2	8,650	4,065	4,585	6.3	6.0	6.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	445	220	220	0.8	0.8	0.8	840	415	420	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	285	140	150	0.5	0.5	0.6	1,110	560	550	0.8	0.8	0.8
Taiwan	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	11,835	5,730	6,110	22.2	21.6	22.9	35,960	17,025	18,930	26.1	25.1	27.2
Viet Nam	1,510	735	775	2.8	2.8	2.9	3,245	1,555	1,690	2.4	2.3	2.4
Bangladesh	1,830	955	870	3.4	3.6	3.3	3,235	1,720	1,515	2.4	2.5	2.2
India	5,845	3,080	2,760	11.0	11.6	10.3	15,660	8,165	7,495	11.4	12.0	10.8
Pakistan	3,970	2,015	1,960	7.5	7.6	7.3	7,110	3,630	3,480	5.2	5.3	5.0
Sri Lanka	290	130	165	0.5	0.5	0.6	435	220	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	2,225	1,065	1,165	4.2	4.0	4.4	5,245	2,555	2,695	3.8	3.8	3.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	245	120	125	0.5	0.5	0.5	725	350	380	0.5	0.5	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	17,040	8,575	8,460	100.0	100.0	100.0	43,115	21,470	21,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,010	530	480	5.9	6.2	5.7	2,830	1,420	1,410	6.6	6.6	6.5
Brazil	80	45	35	0.5	0.5	0.4	170	95	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Colombia	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	195	95	100	1.1	1.1	1.2	560	295	265	1.3	1.4	1.2
Mexico	125	60	60	0.7	0.7	0.7	560	315	250	1.3	1.5	1.2
United States of America	440	250	190	2.6	2.9	2.2	990	465	520	2.3	2.2	2.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3	70	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other places of birth in Americas	110	50	55	0.6	0.6	0.7	385	190	195	0.9	0.9	0.9
Europe	950	500	455	5.6	5.8	5.4	2,695	1,435	1,260	6.3	6.7	5.8
France	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2	65	30	30	0.2	0.1	0.1
Germany	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2	180	110	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
Italy	30	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	50	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3	100	35	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	295	120	175	1.7	1.4	2.1	755	340	415	1.8	1.6	1.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	170	125	45	1.0	1.5	0.5	590	385	200	1.4	1.8	0.9
Other places of birth in Europe	305	155	145	1.8	1.8	1.7	855	465	395	2.0	2.2	1.8
Africa	2,955	1,535	1,415	17.3	17.9	16.7	7,520	3,960	3,560	17.4	18.4	16.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	65	40	30	0.4	0.5	0.4	90	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	75	40	40	0.4	0.5	0.5	290	150	140	0.7	0.7	0.6
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egypt	200	100	95	1.2	1.2	1.1	390	195	195	0.9	0.9	0.9
Eritrea	295	165	130	1.7	1.9	1.5	595	310	285	1.4	1.4	1.3
Ethiopia	170	105	65	1.0	1.2	0.8	315	175	140	0.7	0.8	0.6
Morocco	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	1,525	790	735	8.9	9.2	8.7	3,305	1,765	1,545	7.7	8.2	7.1
Somalia	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.4	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3	775	390	385	1.8	1.8	1.8
Sudan⁹⁷	130	60	70	0.8	0.7	0.8	300	155	140	0.7	0.7	0.6
Tunisia	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	335	175	165	2.0	2.0	2.0	1,110	585	525	2.6	2.7	2.4
Asia	12,045	5,970	6,080	70.7	69.6	71.9	29,880	14,550	15,325	69.3	67.8	70.8
Afghanistan	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3	140	50	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bangladesh	700	345	350	4.1	4.0	4.1	1,220	615	610	2.8	2.9	2.8
China⁹⁰	2,315	1,095	1,220	13.6	12.8	14.4	3,690	1,775	1,910	8.6	8.3	8.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	120	75	50	0.7	0.9	0.6	140	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
India	2,820	1,495	1,320	16.5	17.4	15.6	7,940	4,055	3,885	18.4	18.9	17.9
Iran⁸⁸	295	160	130	1.7	1.9	1.5	335	180	155	0.8	0.8	0.7
Iraq	260	135	125	1.5	1.6	1.5	305	155	150	0.7	0.7	0.7
Israel	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japan	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jordan	45	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.3	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	55	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3	275	135	140	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanon	35	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1	75	60	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Nepal	75	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.4	130	75	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pakistan	815	385	430	4.8	4.5	5.1	1,685	820	860	3.9	3.8	4.0
Philippines	2,845	1,325	1,520	16.7	15.5	18.0	10,460	4,875	5,585	24.3	22.7	25.8
Saudi Arabia	130	50	80	0.8	0.6	0.9	285	125	160	0.7	0.6	0.7
Sri Lanka	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	590	290	295	3.5	3.4	3.5	1,245	600	645	2.9	2.8	3.0
Turkey	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1	75	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
United Arab Emirates	130	60	65	0.8	0.7	0.8	195	90	105	0.5	0.4	0.5
Viet Nam	485	280	205	2.8	3.3	2.4	865	440	420	2.0	2.0	1.9
Other places of birth in Asia	225	105	120	1.3	1.2	1.4	550	260	290	1.3	1.2	1.3
Oceania and other⁹³	80	45	35	0.5	0.5	0.4	195	100	95	0.5	0.5	0.4
Australia	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3	95	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth⁹⁸	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1	100	55	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	260,955	128,325	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	60,055	30,110	29,950	23.0	23.5	22.6	158,540	79,230	79,310	14.4	14.4	14.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	34,880	17,055	17,825	13.4	13.3	13.4	121,675	59,265	62,410	11.0	10.8	11.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	166,015	81,165	84,850	63.6	63.2	64.0	822,985	411,000	411,980	74.6	74.8	74.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	49,215	24,635	24,575	100.0	100.0	100.0	124,835	61,875	62,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	34,395	17,740	16,650	69.9	72.0	67.8	88,545	45,370	43,185	70.9	73.3	68.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	13,025	8,415	4,610	26.5	34.2	18.8	34,820	22,465	12,355	27.9	36.3	19.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	21,370	9,330	12,040	43.4	37.9	49.0	53,725	22,900	30,825	43.0	37.0	49.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,845	3,150	4,695	15.9	12.8	19.1	21,620	8,700	12,920	17.3	14.1	20.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	6,875	3,695	3,185	14.0	15.0	13.0	14,405	7,675	6,725	11.5	12.4	10.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	49,215	24,635	24,575	100.0	100.0	100.0	124,835	61,875	62,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	795	530	260	1.6	2.2	1.1	1,885	1,155	735	1.5	1.9	1.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	6,315	3,160	3,160	12.8	12.8	12.9	20,335	10,710	9,620	16.3	17.3	15.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,630	835	795	3.3	3.4	3.2	4,170	2,185	1,985	3.3	3.5	3.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,860	1,715	1,145	5.8	7.0	4.7	7,770	4,580	3,190	6.2	7.4	5.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	170	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.4	600	230	370	0.5	0.4	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	37,445	18,325	19,125	76.1	74.4	77.8	90,090	43,025	47,065	72.2	69.5	74.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	260,955	128,330	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	64,530	32,580	31,950	24.7	25.4	24.1	159,365	80,495	78,870	14.4	14.6	14.2
South Asian	18,880	10,040	8,840	7.2	7.8	6.7	44,720	23,875	20,845	4.1	4.3	3.8
Chinese	9,255	4,495	4,755	3.5	3.5	3.6	18,010	8,850	9,155	1.6	1.6	1.7
Black	8,325	4,240	4,085	3.2	3.3	3.1	22,570	11,715	10,855	2.0	2.1	2.0
Filipino	14,355	7,020	7,335	5.5	5.5	5.5	43,755	21,015	22,745	4.0	3.8	4.1
Arab	3,040	1,560	1,480	1.2	1.2	1.1	5,575	2,920	2,655	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latin American	2,545	1,240	1,315	1.0	1.0	1.0	5,680	2,740	2,945	0.5	0.5	0.5
Southeast Asian	3,455	1,735	1,720	1.3	1.4	1.3	8,540	4,265	4,275	0.8	0.8	0.8
West Asian	1,705	840	865	0.7	0.7	0.7	2,830	1,445	1,380	0.3	0.3	0.2
Korean	520	230	290	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,850	885	955	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	295	140	155	0.1	0.1	0.1	830	360	475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	480	215	265	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,275	565	715	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	1,670	820	855	0.6	0.6	0.6	3,725	1,845	1,875	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	196,425	95,750	100,675	75.3	74.6	75.9	943,840	469,000	474,835	85.6	85.4	85.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	260,955	128,330	132,625	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	20,900	10,885	10,015	8.0	8.5	7.6	107,095	54,965	52,130	9.7	10.0	9.4
English	48,140	23,345	24,795	18.4	18.2	18.7	219,665	107,240	112,420	19.9	19.5	20.3
Irish	33,855	16,305	17,550	13.0	12.7	13.2	145,415	69,495	75,920	13.2	12.6	13.7
Scottish	40,355	19,555	20,800	15.5	15.2	15.7	175,590	85,595	89,995	15.9	15.6	16.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	24,655	11,790	12,865	9.4	9.2	9.7	108,355	52,690	55,665	9.8	9.6	10.1
German	59,110	28,175	30,935	22.7	22.0	23.3	272,475	134,060	138,420	24.7	24.4	25.0
Chinese	9,825	4,705	5,125	3.8	3.7	3.9	19,965	9,660	10,305	1.8	1.8	1.9
Italian	3,205	1,630	1,570	1.2	1.3	1.2	10,830	5,335	5,500	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indian (India)	7,295	3,890	3,405	2.8	3.0	2.6	20,755	11,165	9,590	1.9	2.0	1.7
Ukrainian	37,740	17,920	19,820	14.5	14.0	14.9	138,705	67,645	71,060	12.6	12.3	12.8
Dutch	7,195	3,645	3,550	2.8	2.8	2.7	29,410	14,540	14,870	2.7	2.6	2.7
Polish	13,990	6,445	7,550	5.4	5.0	5.7	55,605	26,820	28,780	5.0	4.9	5.2
Québécois	205	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	705	355	345	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,770	2,935	2,830	2.2	2.3	2.1	21,650	10,960	10,690	2.0	2.0	1.9
Filipino	13,320	6,505	6,820	5.1	5.1	5.1	40,160	19,305	20,860	3.6	3.5	3.8
French Canadian	1,390	660	735	0.5	0.5	0.6	5,465	2,695	2,765	0.5	0.5	0.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,850	1,525	1,320	1.1	1.2	1.0	13,375	7,020	6,360	1.2	1.3	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	7,320	3,355	3,965	2.8	2.6	3.0	50,770	24,635	26,135	4.6	4.5	4.7
Métis	12,010	5,840	6,170	4.6	4.6	4.7	56,060	27,275	28,785	5.1	5.0	5.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,550	1,845	1,705	1.4	1.4	1.3	11,985	6,340	5,645	1.1	1.2	1.0
Russian	9,310	4,370	4,940	3.6	3.4	3.7	35,920	17,415	18,505	3.3	3.2	3.3
Norwegian	16,175	7,580	8,590	6.2	5.9	6.5	70,215	33,925	36,285	6.4	6.2	6.6
Welsh	4,785	2,355	2,425	1.8	1.8	1.8	17,605	8,415	9,190	1.6	1.5	1.7
Portuguese	785	410	380	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,760	830	930	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	2,885	1,440	1,445	1.1	1.1	1.1	12,675	6,435	6,235	1.1	1.2	1.1
Spanish	1,850	865	985	0.7	0.7	0.7	5,670	2,555	3,115	0.5	0.5	0.6
Swedish	6,710	3,075	3,635	2.6	2.4	2.7	31,965	15,285	16,675	2.9	2.8	3.0
Hungarian	5,520	2,670	2,850	2.1	2.1	2.1	28,495	14,095	14,400	2.6	2.6	2.6
Acadian	260	135	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	935	485	450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	4,120	2,165	1,960	1.6	1.7	1.5	7,640	3,995	3,645	0.7	0.7	0.7
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,520	760	760	0.6	0.6	0.6	4,065	2,110	1,950	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	830	390	435	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,420	1,230	1,190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	1,535	855	670	0.6	0.7	0.5	4,115	2,215	1,905	0.4	0.4	0.3
Vietnamese	2,085	1,030	1,055	0.8	0.8	0.8	4,730	2,340	2,390	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	935	515	415	0.4	0.4	0.3	2,155	1,185	970	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	770	380	390	0.3	0.3	0.3	3,075	1,530	1,540	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	660	340	320	0.3	0.3	0.2	2,225	1,080	1,150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,235	1,120	1,125	0.9	0.9	0.8	5,860	2,875	2,985	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	6,510	3,055	3,455	2.5	2.4	2.6	46,340	22,465	23,875	4.2	4.1	4.3
Korean	565	245	320	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,950	945	1,010	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	2,070	965	1,105	0.8	0.8	0.8	12,415	5,995	6,415	1.1	1.1	1.2
Lebanese	395	190	210	0.2	0.1	0.2	1,240	690	550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	785	395	390	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,315	700	610	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	840	415	425	0.3	0.3	0.3	3,145	1,625	1,520	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	2,155	1,145	1,015	0.8	0.9	0.8	10,585	5,110	5,480	1.0	0.9	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,265	1,000	1,265	0.9	0.8	1.0	12,300	5,895	6,405	1.1	1.1	1.2
Sikh	925	450	470	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,530	1,340	1,195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austrian	3,355	1,570	1,785	1.3	1.2	1.3	17,690	8,785	8,900	1.6	1.6	1.6
Belgian	1,870	960	905	0.7	0.7	0.7	9,340	4,790	4,550	0.8	0.9	0.8
Haitian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	100	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	1,250	705	540	0.5	0.5	0.4	3,220	1,785	1,435	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexican	690	340	350	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,620	1,300	1,320	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	2,885	1,355	1,535	1.1	1.1	1.2	11,150	5,560	5,590	1.0	1.0	1.0
Swiss	1,105	540	565	0.4	0.4	0.4	4,555	2,255	2,295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	1,175	535	640	0.5	0.4	0.5	5,180	2,435	2,745	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sri Lankan	275	110	165	0.1	0.1	0.1	465	220	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	800	435	360	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,460	1,295	1,170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	500	240	260	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,295	590	710	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	695	360	335	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,195	610	585	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	130	70	60	0.0	0.1	0.0	680	310	370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,550	815	735	0.6	0.6	0.6	6,025	3,180	2,845	0.5	0.6	0.5
Muslim	1,020	540	480	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,780	955	825	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egyptian	450	235	220	0.2	0.2	0.2	995	505	490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	395	200	195	0.2	0.2	0.1	860	425	435	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	285	145	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	1,930	970	965	0.7	0.8	0.7	8,345	3,915	4,425	0.8	0.7	0.8
Colombian	290	150	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	735	350	385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.0	220	125	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	1,355	655	695	0.5	0.5	0.5	5,290	2,545	2,740	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	405	200	205	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,140	540	605	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	135	50	85	0.1	0.0	0.1	325	130	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	425	230	195	0.2	0.2	0.1	890	465	425	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	255	130	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	730	385	345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	395	230	170	0.2	0.2	0.1	1,325	675	645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	445	220	230	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,060	1,000	1,055	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	145	95	55	0.1	0.1	0.0	555	295	260	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	185	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	350	175	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	205	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	255	140	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	510	290	220	0.0	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	385	185	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	315	160	150	0.1	0.1	0.1	695	375	320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	145	60	80	0.1	0.0	0.1	690	300	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	1,815	985	825	0.7	0.8	0.6	3,230	1,740	1,490	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	375	195	180	0.1	0.2	0.1	755	345	410	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	1,005	530	475	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,845	1,495	1,350	0.3	0.3	0.2
Armenian	135	50	85	0.1	0.0	0.1	270	110	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	410	175	230	0.2	0.1	0.2	1,525	805	720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	410	185	230	0.2	0.1	0.2	1,605	755	845	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somali	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	870	400	475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	110	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	125	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	1,055	525	525	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,250	635	615	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	360	145	215	0.1	0.1	0.2	735	330	405	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	165	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	655	330	325	0.3	0.3	0.2	1,285	645	645	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	365	185	180	0.1	0.1	0.1	645	315	335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	150	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	75	15	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	150	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	80	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	280	135	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	895	445	460	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	350	180	175	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,895	975	920	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	315	145	170	0.1	0.1	0.1	980	520	455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	460	260	200	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,035	535	500	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	235	115	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	640	360	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	110	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	250	140	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	690	330	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	220	130	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	505	285	220	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	130	70	60	0.0	0.1	0.0	260	105	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	1,070	570	505	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,725	1,430	1,295	0.2	0.3	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	310	160	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	210	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	115	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	190	75	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	490	225	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	125	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	320	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	60	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	465	290	175	0.2	0.2	0.1	1,065	625	450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	495	240	250	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,235	650	585	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	110	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	170	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	95	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	365	170	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	440	210	230	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,210	990	1,220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	90	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	145	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	125	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	185	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	555	265	295	0.1	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	95	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	220	130	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	840	455	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	220	85	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	745	325	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	580	295	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	90	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	105	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	215	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	535	240	290	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	180	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	355	160	190	0.1	0.1	0.1	895	445	450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	100	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	160	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	125	70	55	0.0	0.1	0.0	355	165	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	200	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	660	355	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	340	190	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,105	595	510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	405	220	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	130	85	45	0.0	0.1	0.0	435	255	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	115	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	120	75	50	0.0	0.1	0.0	285	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	65	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	145	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	85	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	170	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	205	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	595	260	330	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	100	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	385	180	205	0.1	0.1	0.2	775	400	370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	250	125	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	380	180	200	0.1	0.1	0.2	1,170	615	555	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	110	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	770	365	405	0.3	0.3	0.3	6,775	3,245	3,530	0.6	0.6	0.6
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	430	225	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	185	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	400	200	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	70	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	125	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	155	110	50	0.1	0.1	0.0	420	260	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	375	185	180	0.1	0.1	0.1	720	360	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	755	320	440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	1,085	525	560	0.4	0.4	0.4	9,465	4,730	4,745	0.9	0.9	0.9
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	1,135	540	600	0.4	0.4	0.5	6,020	2,990	3,025	0.5	0.5	0.5
Buddhist	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	95	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	950	480	470	0.4	0.4	0.4	6,970	3,370	3,600	0.6	0.6	0.7
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	515	225	290	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burundian	150	100	55	0.1	0.1	0.0	265	150	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	210	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	445	235	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	150	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	120	45	75	0.0	0.0	0.1	290	150	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	80	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	160	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	55	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	60	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	165	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	105	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	190	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	430	200	225	0.2	0.2	0.2	455	215	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	125	50	80	0.0	0.0	0.1	175	65	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	290	275	0.1	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	115	35	80	0.0	0.0	0.1	440	170	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	280	140	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	135	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	170	115	60	0.1	0.1	0.0	435	245	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	95	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	110	65	40	0.0	0.1	0.0	195	110	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	95	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	50	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	250	110	140	0.1	0.1	0.1	715	325	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	260	115	150	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,420	2,130	2,285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	110	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	295	150	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	925	465	460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	65	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	70	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	260,955	128,330	132,630	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,205	549,495	553,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,935	895	1,045	0.7	0.7	0.8	4,410	2,085	2,330	0.4	0.4	0.4
Christian	134,900	62,045	72,850	51.7	48.3	54.9	621,250	294,000	327,255	56.3	53.5	59.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	20,965	10,105	10,855	8.0	7.9	8.2	93,135	45,790	47,340	8.4	8.3	8.5
Anabaptist	3,325	1,560	1,765	1.3	1.2	1.3	11,620	5,605	6,025	1.1	1.0	1.1
Anglican	5,570	2,445	3,125	2.1	1.9	2.4	36,415	17,085	19,330	3.3	3.1	3.5
Baptist	2,705	1,265	1,445	1.0	1.0	1.1	12,150	5,715	6,435	1.1	1.0	1.2
Catholic	63,175	29,370	33,800	24.2	22.9	25.5	265,530	127,030	138,505	24.1	23.1	25.0
Christian Orthodox	3,940	1,830	2,110	1.5	1.4	1.6	13,320	6,610	6,710	1.2	1.2	1.2
Jehovah's Witness	1,020	430	585	0.4	0.3	0.4	4,530	1,960	2,570	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	530	265	265	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,060	995	1,065	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	6,965	2,970	3,995	2.7	2.3	3.0	46,980	21,930	25,050	4.3	4.0	4.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	780	375	410	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,275	1,040	1,235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	3,645	1,680	1,965	1.4	1.3	1.5	15,255	7,090	8,165	1.4	1.3	1.5
Presbyterian	970	480	495	0.4	0.4	0.4	4,155	1,920	2,235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Reformed	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	310	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	14,250	6,115	8,130	5.5	4.8	6.1	81,465	36,190	45,275	7.4	6.6	8.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	6,965	3,110	3,855	2.7	2.4	2.9	31,740	14,740	17,000	2.9	2.7	3.1
Hindu	5,125	2,885	2,240	2.0	2.2	1.7	14,150	7,865	6,285	1.3	1.4	1.1
Jewish	565	275	290	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,105	570	535	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	12,985	6,895	6,090	5.0	5.4	4.6	25,455	13,285	12,165	2.3	2.4	2.2
Sikh	3,155	1,660	1,495	1.2	1.3	1.1	9,040	4,715	4,320	0.8	0.9	0.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,650	685	965	0.6	0.5	0.7	16,300	7,830	8,465	1.5	1.4	1.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	2,065	825	1,240	0.8	0.6	0.9	7,540	3,240	4,295	0.7	0.6	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	98,575	52,165	46,410	37.8	40.6	35.0	403,960	215,895	188,060	36.6	39.3	34.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	257,900	126,670	131,230	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,090,215	542,725	547,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	216,480	106,215	110,260	83.9	83.9	84.0	952,690	475,060	477,630	87.4	87.5	87.2
Movers	41,420	20,450	20,970	16.1	16.1	16.0	137,525	67,660	69,860	12.6	12.5	12.8
Non-migrants	30,175	14,965	15,205	11.7	11.8	11.6	87,445	43,195	44,250	8.0	8.0	8.1
Migrants	11,245	5,480	5,760	4.4	4.3	4.4	50,080	24,470	25,605	4.6	4.5	4.7
Internal migrants	8,605	4,190	4,415	3.3	3.3	3.4	43,570	21,240	22,325	4.0	3.9	4.1
Intraprovincial migrants	5,185	2,495	2,690	2.0	2.0	2.0	31,135	14,955	16,180	2.9	2.8	3.0
Interprovincial migrants	3,420	1,700	1,720	1.3	1.3	1.3	12,435	6,290	6,145	1.1	1.2	1.1
External migrants	2,640	1,290	1,345	1.0	1.0	1.0	6,510	3,230	3,280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	245,255	120,200	125,060	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,034,525	514,365	520,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	134,260	65,660	68,605	54.7	54.6	54.9	640,040	320,125	319,920	61.9	62.2	61.5
Movers	111,000	54,545	56,455	45.3	45.4	45.1	394,480	194,240	200,240	38.1	37.8	38.5
Non-migrants	64,365	31,775	32,585	26.2	26.4	26.1	180,065	88,355	91,715	17.4	17.2	17.6
Migrants	46,635	22,765	23,875	19.0	18.9	19.1	214,415	105,890	108,525	20.7	20.6	20.9
Internal migrants	30,325	14,515	15,810	12.4	12.1	12.6	172,905	84,895	88,015	16.7	16.5	16.9
Intraprovincial migrants	21,220	10,065	11,155	8.7	8.4	8.9	134,460	65,855	68,605	13.0	12.8	13.2
Interprovincial migrants	9,105	4,450	4,655	3.7	3.7	3.7	38,445	19,040	19,410	3.7	3.7	3.7
External migrants	16,310	8,250	8,060	6.7	6.9	6.4	41,505	20,995	20,510	4.0	4.1	3.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	212,515	103,335	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	30,330	16,295	14,035	14.3	15.8	12.9	177,330	101,135	76,195	20.1	23.2	17.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	182,190	87,040	95,145	85.7	84.2	87.1	705,430	335,375	370,050	79.9	76.8	82.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	140,690	69,460	71,225	100.0	100.0	100.0	566,615	281,370	285,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,570	6,835	4,735	8.2	9.8	6.6	70,485	43,935	26,555	12.4	15.6	9.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	129,120	62,630	66,490	91.8	90.2	93.4	496,130	237,440	258,690	87.6	84.4	90.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	212,515	103,335	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	27,535	14,530	13,010	13.0	14.1	11.9	159,815	89,275	70,540	18.1	20.5	15.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	62,820	32,515	30,305	29.6	31.5	27.8	284,345	146,000	138,345	32.2	33.4	31.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	122,155	56,290	65,865	57.5	54.5	60.3	438,600	201,240	237,360	49.7	46.1	53.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	56,965	26,870	30,090	26.8	26.0	27.6	257,350	123,755	133,590	29.2	28.4	29.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,635	11,960	4,675	7.8	11.6	4.3	84,485	61,685	22,800	9.6	14.1	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,400	3,445	2,955	3.0	3.3	2.7	32,710	18,090	14,620	3.7	4.1	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10,240	8,515	1,725	4.8	8.2	1.6	51,775	43,590	8,180	5.9	10.0	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	33,810	12,305	21,510	15.9	11.9	19.7	143,610	50,720	92,890	16.3	11.6	20.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,515	2,605	3,910	3.1	2.5	3.6	29,260	11,355	17,905	3.3	2.6	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	65,195	29,420	35,775	30.7	28.5	32.8	181,255	77,485	103,770	20.5	17.8	23.3
Bachelor's degree	43,930	18,930	24,995	20.7	18.3	22.9	130,060	53,265	76,785	14.7	12.2	17.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,930	1,335	1,590	1.4	1.3	1.5	8,890	3,790	5,095	1.0	0.9	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,125	1,085	1,040	1.0	1.0	1.0	5,205	2,680	2,525	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	12,840	6,005	6,835	6.0	5.8	6.3	31,315	14,210	17,105	3.5	3.3	3.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	3,375	2,070	1,305	1.6	2.0	1.2	5,790	3,535	2,255	0.7	0.8	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	140,690	69,465	71,225	100.0	100.0	100.0	566,615	281,370	285,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,075	5,820	4,250	7.2	8.4	6.0	61,380	37,625	23,755	10.8	13.4	8.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35,855	19,600	16,250	25.5	28.2	22.8	171,565	91,440	80,125	30.3	32.5	28.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	94,760	44,040	50,725	67.4	63.4	71.2	333,670	152,305	181,370	58.9	54.1	63.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	41,645	20,440	21,210	29.6	29.4	29.8	187,510	91,760	95,745	33.1	32.6	33.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,230	9,035	3,195	8.7	13.0	4.5	61,810	45,770	16,040	10.9	16.3	5.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,505	2,530	1,980	3.2	3.6	2.8	23,150	13,115	10,035	4.1	4.7	3.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,720	6,500	1,215	5.5	9.4	1.7	38,660	32,655	6,005	6.8	11.6	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,130	9,570	15,560	17.9	13.8	21.8	106,680	38,240	68,435	18.8	13.6	24.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,285	1,835	2,455	3.0	2.6	3.4	19,025	7,755	11,270	3.4	2.8	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	53,115	23,600	29,510	37.8	34.0	41.4	146,160	60,540	85,620	25.8	21.5	30.0
Bachelor's degree	35,325	15,175	20,145	25.1	21.8	28.3	103,950	41,590	62,355	18.3	14.8	21.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,235	985	1,255	1.6	1.4	1.8	6,745	2,720	4,025	1.2	1.0	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,815	840	975	1.3	1.2	1.4	4,300	1,995	2,305	0.8	0.7	0.8
Master's degree	11,060	5,045	6,010	7.9	7.3	8.4	26,715	11,665	15,045	4.7	4.1	5.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,685	1,560	1,125	1.9	2.2	1.6	4,455	2,570	1,885	0.8	0.9	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	212,515	103,335	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	90,355	47,045	43,310	42.5	45.5	39.7	444,160	235,270	208,885	50.3	53.9	46.8
Education	11,250	3,150	8,100	5.3	3.0	7.4	41,855	10,430	31,430	4.7	2.4	7.0
13. Education	11,250	3,150	8,100	5.3	3.0	7.4	41,855	10,430	31,430	4.7	2.4	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,925	1,260	1,665	1.4	1.2	1.5	8,250	3,400	4,850	0.9	0.8	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	380	285	90	0.2	0.3	0.1	1,135	805	330	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,545	970	1,580	1.2	0.9	1.4	7,115	2,595	4,520	0.8	0.6	1.0
Humanities	5,610	2,530	3,085	2.6	2.4	2.8	16,710	7,370	9,340	1.9	1.7	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	410	115	295	0.2	0.1	0.3	1,080	310	770	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	1,485	510	975	0.7	0.5	0.9	3,555	1,180	2,380	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,100	450	645	0.5	0.4	0.6	3,575	1,315	2,260	0.4	0.3	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	115	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	315	100	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	475	275	200	0.2	0.3	0.2	1,355	740	610	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,160	680	485	0.5	0.7	0.4	4,520	2,525	1,995	0.5	0.6	0.4
54. History	750	430	320	0.4	0.4	0.3	2,015	1,150	870	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	110	20	90	0.1	0.0	0.1	290	45	250	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,255	3,940	7,320	5.3	3.8	6.7	33,210	10,740	22,470	3.8	2.5	5.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	245	55	190	0.1	0.1	0.2	830	210	625	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	875	395	480	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,930	1,320	1,615	0.3	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,780	195	1,590	0.8	0.2	1.5	7,185	500	6,685	0.8	0.1	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	1,870	695	1,175	0.9	0.7	1.1	5,120	1,925	3,190	0.6	0.4	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	215	80	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	590	225	370	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	2,305	595	1,710	1.1	0.6	1.6	6,215	1,630	4,590	0.7	0.4	1.0
45. Social sciences	3,970	1,935	2,035	1.9	1.9	1.9	10,330	4,935	5,395	1.2	1.1	1.2
Business, management and public administration	25,635	9,145	16,490	12.1	8.8	15.1	92,220	29,255	62,965	10.4	6.7	14.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	45	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,400	460	1,940	1.1	0.4	1.8	9,905	2,070	7,835	1.1	0.5	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	23,170	8,665	14,505	10.9	8.4	13.3	82,150	27,140	55,010	9.3	6.2	12.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	6,005	2,920	3,085	2.8	2.8	2.8	13,015	6,260	6,750	1.5	1.4	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,370	1,485	1,890	1.6	1.4	1.7	6,320	2,775	3,545	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	620	225	395	0.3	0.2	0.4	1,960	830	1,125	0.2	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80	20	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	150	35	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	1,515	1,040	475	0.7	1.0	0.4	3,390	2,190	1,205	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	420	155	270	0.2	0.1	0.2	1,195	435	760	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,925	3,180	1,745	2.3	3.1	1.6	14,360	9,055	5,305	1.6	2.1	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,905	2,785	1,120	1.8	2.7	1.0	11,735	8,025	3,710	1.3	1.8	0.8
25. Library science	400	50	355	0.2	0.0	0.3	950	120	825	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	500	260	235	0.2	0.3	0.2	1,435	765	675	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	115	85	35	0.1	0.1	0.0	235	145	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	23,310	20,765	2,540	11.0	20.1	2.3	94,645	87,115	7,530	10.7	20.0	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	785	490	290	0.4	0.5	0.3	1,710	1,050	660	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	6,625	5,360	1,260	3.1	5.2	1.2	15,975	13,055	2,920	1.8	3.0	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,690	4,090	600	2.2	4.0	0.5	18,400	16,330	2,075	2.1	3.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	5,080	4,915	170	2.4	4.8	0.2	24,630	23,810	820	2.8	5.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,960	3,835	125	1.9	3.7	0.1	21,790	21,240	550	2.5	4.9	0.1
48. Precision production	2,165	2,070	90	1.0	2.0	0.1	12,130	11,630	500	1.4	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,715	2,155	1,565	1.7	2.1	1.4	18,995	12,340	6,650	2.2	2.8	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,010	1,720	1,285	1.4	1.7	1.2	15,775	10,225	5,550	1.8	2.3	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	710	435	275	0.3	0.4	0.3	3,220	2,120	1,100	0.4	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	21,445	4,525	16,920	10.1	4.4	15.5	77,105	13,095	64,015	8.7	3.0	14.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,575	760	810	0.7	0.7	0.7	4,765	2,240	2,525	0.5	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	19,180	3,410	15,770	9.0	3.3	14.4	70,660	9,930	60,730	8.0	2.3	13.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	650	330	320	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,535	860	675	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,030	2,690	3,340	2.8	2.6	3.1	28,170	12,145	16,030	3.2	2.8	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,830	910	2,920	1.8	0.9	2.7	17,195	3,335	13,860	1.9	0.8	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	95	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,110	775	335	0.5	0.7	0.3	5,415	3,655	1,760	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,070	985	85	0.5	1.0	0.1	5,425	5,035	390	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	140,690	69,460	71,230	100.0	100.0	100.0	566,615	281,375	285,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	45,925	25,425	20,505	32.6	36.6	28.8	232,940	129,065	103,875	41.1	45.9	36.4
Education	7,475	1,985	5,485	5.3	2.9	7.7	27,555	6,340	21,215	4.9	2.3	7.4
13. Education	7,475	1,985	5,485	5.3	2.9	7.7	27,555	6,340	21,215	4.9	2.3	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,395	1,030	1,365	1.7	1.5	1.9	6,520	2,715	3,800	1.2	1.0	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	280	215	65	0.2	0.3	0.1	775	565	210	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,110	815	1,295	1.5	1.2	1.8	5,740	2,150	3,590	1.0	0.8	1.3
Humanities	4,145	1,820	2,325	2.9	2.6	3.3	12,145	5,295	6,850	2.1	1.9	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	310	95	220	0.2	0.1	0.3	825	250	575	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	1,145	370	775	0.8	0.5	1.1	2,665	875	1,790	0.5	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	865	345	520	0.6	0.5	0.7	2,815	1,065	1,755	0.5	0.4	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	220	75	150	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	335	175	165	0.2	0.3	0.2	1,010	515	500	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	785	480	305	0.6	0.7	0.4	2,930	1,695	1,235	0.5	0.6	0.4
54. History	560	315	245	0.4	0.5	0.3	1,490	810	680	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	10	55	0.0	0.0	0.1	190	20	170	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,135	3,170	5,965	6.5	4.6	8.4	26,915	8,320	18,600	4.8	3.0	6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	205	45	165	0.1	0.1	0.2	725	170	550	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	790	370	420	0.6	0.5	0.6	2,545	1,165	1,375	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,345	135	1,215	1.0	0.2	1.7	5,850	405	5,450	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	1,565	510	1,055	1.1	0.7	1.5	4,075	1,360	2,720	0.7	0.5	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	170	50	125	0.1	0.1	0.2	460	150	310	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,765	435	1,330	1.3	0.6	1.9	4,770	1,125	3,640	0.8	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	3,295	1,630	1,665	2.3	2.3	2.3	8,490	3,940	4,550	1.5	1.4	1.6
Business, management and public administration	20,115	7,105	13,000	14.3	10.2	18.3	72,350	22,735	49,615	12.8	8.1	17.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1	145	40	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,890	335	1,555	1.3	0.5	2.2	7,740	1,425	6,315	1.4	0.5	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	18,170	6,760	11,400	12.9	9.7	16.0	64,470	21,270	43,200	11.4	7.6	15.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,785	2,345	2,435	3.4	3.4	3.4	10,095	4,775	5,315	1.8	1.7	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,690	1,195	1,495	1.9	1.7	2.1	4,900	2,080	2,825	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	515	190	325	0.4	0.3	0.5	1,530	640	890	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	15	55	0.0	0.0	0.1	125	30	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	1,245	845	405	0.9	1.2	0.6	2,740	1,720	1,020	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	270	100	165	0.2	0.1	0.2	795	310	485	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,185	2,760	1,430	3.0	4.0	2.0	12,025	7,645	4,375	2.1	2.7	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,440	2,480	960	2.4	3.6	1.3	10,205	7,005	3,195	1.8	2.5	1.1
25. Library science	255	25	230	0.2	0.0	0.3	655	65	590	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	405	195	210	0.3	0.3	0.3	980	470	510	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0	190	110	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	18,665	16,425	2,245	13.3	23.6	3.2	72,215	65,655	6,560	12.7	23.3	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	665	415	250	0.5	0.6	0.4	1,350	785	565	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	5,595	4,475	1,125	4.0	6.4	1.6	13,255	10,650	2,600	2.3	3.8	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,780	3,245	535	2.7	4.7	0.8	14,385	12,545	1,845	2.5	4.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,980	3,835	145	2.8	5.5	0.2	18,380	17,710	670	3.2	6.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,955	2,840	115	2.1	4.1	0.2	15,630	15,160	470	2.8	5.4	0.2
48. Precision production	1,690	1,610	75	1.2	2.3	0.1	9,210	8,800	405	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,880	1,575	1,310	2.0	2.3	1.8	14,555	8,905	5,650	2.6	3.2	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,305	1,255	1,050	1.6	1.8	1.5	11,965	7,285	4,680	2.1	2.6	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	580	315	260	0.4	0.5	0.4	2,590	1,620	970	0.5	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	16,315	3,645	12,670	11.6	5.2	17.8	57,430	10,205	47,225	10.1	3.6	16.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,195	565	630	0.8	0.8	0.9	3,605	1,645	1,955	0.6	0.6	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	14,525	2,785	11,735	10.3	4.0	16.5	52,460	7,860	44,605	9.3	2.8	15.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	30	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	555	270	290	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,265	670	600	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,625	2,150	2,475	3.3	3.1	3.5	21,820	9,680	12,135	3.9	3.4	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,840	705	2,135	2.0	1.0	3.0	12,955	2,655	10,305	2.3	0.9	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	40	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	900	625	280	0.6	0.9	0.4	4,425	2,915	1,505	0.8	1.0	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	875	810	65	0.6	1.2	0.1	4,360	4,050	310	0.8	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	140,690	69,460	71,230	100.0	100.0	100.0	566,615	281,375	285,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,925	25,425	20,505	32.6	36.6	28.8	232,940	129,065	103,875	41.1	45.9	36.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	94,760	44,035	50,720	67.4	63.4	71.2	333,675	152,305	181,370	58.9	54.1	63.6
Location of study inside Canada	74,060	33,955	40,100	52.6	48.9	56.3	277,810	125,215	152,600	49.0	44.5	53.5
Same as province or territory of residence	61,110	27,665	33,445	43.4	39.8	47.0	221,390	98,410	122,980	39.1	35.0	43.1
Different than province or territory of residence	12,950	6,290	6,660	9.2	9.1	9.3	56,420	26,805	29,615	10.0	9.5	10.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	20,700	10,085	10,620	14.7	14.5	14.9	55,865	27,090	28,775	9.9	9.6	10.1
Americas	2,340	1,165	1,175	1.7	1.7	1.6	7,105	3,490	3,615	1.3	1.2	1.3
United States of America	1,520	780	735	1.1	1.1	1.0	5,385	2,725	2,660	1.0	1.0	0.9
Mexico	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	285	130	160	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	155	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	320	130	190	0.1	0.0	0.1
Brazil	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	320	155	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.0	205	95	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	430	195	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	2,450	1,345	1,100	1.7	1.9	1.5	7,140	3,870	3,270	1.3	1.4	1.1
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	180	95	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	555	305	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	50	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0	220	140	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	200	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.0	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	285	130	160	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	545	275	275	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,700	820	885	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	110	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	350	200	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	790	490	300	0.6	0.7	0.4	2,180	1,320	860	0.4	0.5	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0	125	80	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	235	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2	705	365	345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	1,715	860	855	1.2	1.2	1.2	4,770	2,465	2,300	0.8	0.9	0.8
Nigeria	830	395	435	0.6	0.6	0.6	2,085	1,040	1,045	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	55	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	90	60	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	40	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	205	110	100	0.1	0.2	0.1	385	195	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,035	545	495	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	420	210	215	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,115	575	540	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	13,890	6,560	7,330	9.9	9.4	10.3	36,065	16,830	19,235	6.4	6.0	6.7
Iran⁸⁸	305	145	160	0.2	0.2	0.2	545	270	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	170	95	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0	140	85	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,870	835	1,035	1.3	1.2	1.5	3,445	1,580	1,865	0.6	0.6	0.7
Taiwan	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1	145	55	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	595	270	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	5,025	2,235	2,795	3.6	3.2	3.9	15,730	6,870	8,860	2.8	2.4	3.1
Viet Nam	220	90	125	0.2	0.1	0.2	655	300	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	880	465	410	0.6	0.7	0.6	1,510	765	745	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sri Lanka	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1	145	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	3,175	1,570	1,605	2.3	2.3	2.3	9,290	4,660	4,630	1.6	1.7	1.6
Pakistan	1,400	725	675	1.0	1.0	0.9	2,595	1,310	1,285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other locations of study in Asia	340	160	180	0.2	0.2	0.3	735	335	400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	305	150	155	0.2	0.2	0.2	780	430	355	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australia	230	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2	645	365	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	125	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	212,515	103,335	109,180	...	...	...	882,760	436,515	446,245	...	...	...
In the labour force	144,115	74,430	69,685	...	...	...	577,510	303,915	273,590	...	...	...
Employed	131,550	67,785	63,770	...	...	...	528,900	277,285	251,620	...	...	...
Unemployed	12,570	6,645	5,925	...	...	...	48,605	26,640	21,970	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	68,395	28,905	39,490	...	...	...	305,250	132,595	172,660	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.8	72.0	63.8	67.8	72.0	63.8	65.4	69.6	61.3	65.4	69.6	61.3
Employment rate	61.9	65.6	58.4	61.9	65.6	58.4	59.9	63.5	56.4	59.9	63.5	56.4
Unemployment rate	8.7	8.9	8.5	8.7	8.9	8.5	8.4	8.8	8.0	8.4	8.8	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	212,515	103,335	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	71,030	30,755	40,280	33.4	29.8	36.9	312,775	138,210	174,575	35.4	31.7	39.1
Worked	141,485	72,585	68,900	66.6	70.2	63.1	569,980	298,310	271,675	64.6	68.3	60.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	74,845	41,555	33,285	35.2	40.2	30.5	313,995	176,910	137,085	35.6	40.5	30.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	66,635	31,025	35,615	31.4	30.0	32.6	255,980	121,395	134,590	29.0	27.8	30.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.9	40.5	41.2	41.9	40.5	41.7	42.2	41.1	41.7	42.2	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	144,115	74,430	69,690	100.0	100.0	100.0	577,505	303,920	273,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,500	1,670	1,830	2.4	2.2	2.6	14,000	7,290	6,715	2.4	2.4	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	140,620	72,760	67,860	97.6	97.8	97.4	563,505	296,630	266,870	97.6	97.6	97.5
Employee	123,425	62,565	60,860	85.6	84.1	87.3	469,850	237,200	232,650	81.4	78.0	85.0
Permanent position	100,285	51,820	48,465	69.6	69.6	69.5	383,850	196,385	187,470	66.5	64.6	68.5
Temporary position	23,145	10,745	12,400	16.1	14.4	17.8	86,000	40,815	45,180	14.9	13.4	16.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	7,620	3,190	4,425	5.3	4.3	6.3	24,010	9,810	14,200	4.2	3.2	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	15,530	7,555	7,970	10.8	10.2	11.4	61,985	31,005	30,985	10.7	10.2	11.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	17,195	10,190	7,000	11.9	13.7	10.0	93,655	59,430	34,225	16.2	19.6	12.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	144,115	74,430	69,690	100.0	100.0	100.0	577,505	303,920	273,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,500	1,670	1,830	2.4	2.2	2.6	14,000	7,290	6,715	2.4	2.4	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	140,620	72,760	67,860	97.6	97.8	97.4	563,505	296,630	266,870	97.6	97.6	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,230	785	450	0.9	1.1	0.6	5,305	3,110	2,195	0.9	1.0	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	22,005	6,790	15,210	15.3	9.1	21.8	82,325	22,340	59,985	14.3	7.4	21.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10,830	8,265	2,560	7.5	11.1	3.7	30,545	23,195	7,345	5.3	7.6	2.7
3 Health occupations	14,525	3,055	11,465	10.1	4.1	16.5	49,765	8,520	41,245	8.6	2.8	15.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	19,825	6,885	12,940	13.8	9.3	18.6	71,380	22,580	48,800	12.4	7.4	17.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,645	1,535	2,105	2.5	2.1	3.0	11,145	4,145	7,000	1.9	1.4	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	36,310	16,765	19,550	25.2	22.5	28.1	133,655	57,805	75,855	23.1	19.0	27.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	23,965	22,215	1,750	16.6	29.8	2.5	105,470	96,690	8,780	18.3	31.8	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,360	2,690	675	2.3	3.6	1.0	54,755	42,350	12,405	9.5	13.9	4.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,930	3,775	1,155	3.4	5.1	1.7	19,165	15,900	3,265	3.3	5.2	1.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	144,115	74,430	69,690	100.0	100.0	100.0	577,505	303,920	273,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,500	1,670	1,830	2.4	2.2	2.6	14,000	7,290	6,715	2.4	2.4	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	140,620	72,760	67,860	97.6	97.8	97.4	563,505	296,630	266,870	97.6	97.6	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,865	1,155	710	1.3	1.6	1.0	48,750	34,620	14,130	8.4	11.4	5.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,975	2,395	580	2.1	3.2	0.8	18,555	16,035	2,515	3.2	5.3	0.9
22 Utilities	960	765	195	0.7	1.0	0.3	5,855	4,320	1,530	1.0	1.4	0.6
23 Construction	11,220	9,840	1,380	7.8	13.2	2.0	44,130	38,640	5,490	7.6	12.7	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	8,155	6,055	2,100	5.7	8.1	3.0	26,200	20,290	5,910	4.5	6.7	2.2
41 Wholesale trade	5,315	3,775	1,540	3.7	5.1	2.2	19,815	14,675	5,135	3.4	4.8	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	15,890	7,960	7,930	11.0	10.7	11.4	61,480	30,005	31,475	10.6	9.9	11.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	6,425	5,300	1,125	4.5	7.1	1.6	24,225	19,320	4,910	4.2	6.4	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	2,445	1,250	1,195	1.7	1.7	1.7	8,130	4,180	3,950	1.4	1.4	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	4,235	1,760	2,480	2.9	2.4	3.6	19,600	6,845	12,750	3.4	2.3	4.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,290	1,355	935	1.6	1.8	1.3	7,195	3,950	3,240	1.2	1.3	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,950	5,490	4,460	6.9	7.4	6.4	26,670	13,725	12,945	4.6	4.5	4.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	330	160	175	0.2	0.2	0.3	785	350	440	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,835	2,785	2,055	3.4	3.7	2.9	17,545	10,140	7,405	3.0	3.3	2.7
61 Educational services	14,400	5,210	9,185	10.0	7.0	13.2	46,205	13,905	32,305	8.0	4.6	11.8
62 Health care and social assistance	21,860	4,565	17,300	15.2	6.1	24.8	80,465	14,190	66,270	13.9	4.7	24.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,760	1,450	1,310	1.9	1.9	1.9	10,150	5,090	5,060	1.8	1.7	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	10,270	4,670	5,600	7.1	6.3	8.0	32,705	14,110	18,595	5.7	4.6	6.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	6,830	3,085	3,740	4.7	4.1	5.4	25,825	12,800	13,025	4.5	4.2	4.8
91 Public administration	7,610	3,735	3,875	5.3	5.0	5.6	39,210	19,420	19,795	6.8	6.4	7.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	153,090	78,450	74,640	100.0	100.0	100.0	615,785	321,390	294,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	147,645	75,990	71,655	96.4	96.9	96.0	597,140	312,770	284,370	97.0	97.3	96.6
French	355	95	260	0.2	0.1	0.3	1,205	335	865	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	925	440	490	0.6	0.6	0.7	2,200	1,100	1,100	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	130	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	920	440	480	0.6	0.6	0.6	1,950	975	975	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	965	350	615	0.6	0.4	0.8	3,715	1,425	2,290	0.6	0.4	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	3,110	1,540	1,570	2.0	2.0	2.1	11,275	5,640	5,640	1.8	1.8	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	80	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	153,090	78,450	74,640	100.0	100.0	100.0	615,785	321,390	294,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	152,450	78,145	74,315	99.6	99.6	99.6	613,080	320,105	292,980	99.6	99.6	99.5
Official languages	150,855	77,380	73,475	98.5	98.6	98.4	608,585	317,760	290,825	98.8	98.9	98.8
English	150,290	77,225	73,065	98.2	98.4	97.9	606,550	317,230	289,325	98.5	98.7	98.3
French	565	155	415	0.4	0.2	0.6	2,035	530	1,500	0.3	0.2	0.5
Non-official languages	1,600	760	840	1.0	1.0	1.1	4,495	2,340	2,155	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,140	595	550	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	405	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	400	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	400	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	275	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	175	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	175	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	175	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,580	760	820	1.0	1.0	1.1	3,360	1,750	1,610	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	235	115	120	0.2	0.1	0.2	360	175	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	235	115	120	0.2	0.1	0.2	360	175	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1	220	90	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1	195	75	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	375	200	175	0.2	0.3	0.2	1,000	550	450	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	145	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	70	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	65	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	70	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	55	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	235	140	95	0.2	0.2	0.1	455	250	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	220	130	85	0.1	0.2	0.1	400	220	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	85	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	240	145	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1	195	80	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1	175	80	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	810	375	430	0.5	0.5	0.6	1,565	820	740	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	775	360	410	0.5	0.5	0.5	1,505	795	710	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	665	310	355	0.4	0.4	0.5	1,125	580	545	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	110	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	345	190	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	640	310	330	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,710	1,290	1,420	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	115	25	85	0.1	0.0	0.1	390	150	250	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	515	280	235	0.3	0.4	0.3	2,290	1,140	1,155	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	153,090	78,450	74,640	100.0	100.0	100.0	615,785	321,390	294,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	149,505	76,785	72,720	97.7	97.9	97.4	603,050	315,370	287,680	97.9	98.1	97.7
English	785	350	435	0.5	0.4	0.6	2,935	1,355	1,580	0.5	0.4	0.5
French	650	270	375	0.4	0.3	0.5	2,530	1,090	1,440	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-official language	1,775	845	925	1.2	1.1	1.2	6,265	3,050	3,215	1.0	0.9	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	115	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,130	895	1,235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-Indigenous	1,655	800	855	1.1	1.0	1.1	4,140	2,155	1,980	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1	120	45	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	255	150	105	0.2	0.2	0.1	750	420	335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	131,550	67,780	63,770	100.0	100.0	100.0	528,900	277,280	251,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	22,460	10,275	12,185	17.1	15.2	19.1	97,525	49,585	47,940	18.4	17.9	19.1
Worked outside Canada	305	170	130	0.2	0.3	0.2	755	515	235	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	16,610	12,330	4,280	12.6	18.2	6.7	71,095	54,970	16,125	13.4	19.8	6.4
Usual place of work	92,180	45,005	47,170	70.1	66.4	74.0	359,530	172,210	187,320	68.0	62.1	74.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	92,180	45,010	47,170	100.0	100.0	100.0	359,530	172,215	187,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	84,075	39,680	44,390	91.2	88.2	94.1	245,520	112,700	132,815	68.3	65.4	70.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,800	3,185	1,610	5.2	7.1	3.4	78,380	39,945	38,430	21.8	23.2	20.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,620	1,680	940	2.8	3.7	2.0	26,900	14,655	12,250	7.5	8.5	6.5
Commute to a different province or territory	690	460	235	0.7	1.0	0.5	8,735	4,920	3,815	2.4	2.9	2.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	108,790	57,335	51,455	100.0	100.0	100.0	430,625	227,180	203,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	97,085	51,890	45,190	89.2	90.5	87.8	389,035	208,585	180,445	90.3	91.8	88.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	89,880	49,740	40,140	82.6	86.8	78.0	364,190	199,915	164,270	84.6	88.0	80.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	7,200	2,155	5,045	6.6	3.8	9.8	24,850	8,670	16,180	5.8	3.8	8.0
Public transit	3,660	1,305	2,360	3.4	2.3	4.6	7,935	3,030	4,905	1.8	1.3	2.4
Walked	4,385	1,970	2,420	4.0	3.4	4.7	22,105	9,315	12,795	5.1	4.1	6.3
Bicycle	1,470	955	520	1.4	1.7	1.0	3,045	1,980	1,070	0.7	0.9	0.5
Other method	2,190	1,220	965	2.0	2.1	1.9	8,505	4,280	4,225	2.0	1.9	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	108,790	57,335	51,455	100.0	100.0	100.0	430,625	227,180	203,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	41,950	19,865	22,080	38.6	34.6	42.9	202,860	98,070	104,795	47.1	43.2	51.5
15 to 29 minutes	54,235	29,695	24,540	49.9	51.8	47.7	152,070	82,490	69,585	35.3	36.3	34.2
30 to 44 minutes	7,855	4,695	3,160	7.2	8.2	6.1	42,705	25,055	17,655	9.9	11.0	8.7
45 to 59 minutes	1,800	1,145	660	1.7	2.0	1.3	14,775	8,890	5,875	3.4	3.9	2.9
60 minutes and over	2,950	1,930	1,020	2.7	3.4	2.0	18,210	12,675	5,535	4.2	5.6	2.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	108,790	57,335	51,455	100.0	100.0	100.0	430,625	227,180	203,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,930	3,495	1,430	4.5	6.1	2.8	25,595	18,700	6,890	5.9	8.2	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	15,985	10,135	5,850	14.7	17.7	11.4	74,470	47,500	26,975	17.3	20.9	13.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	33,160	17,580	15,580	30.5	30.7	30.3	132,035	70,585	61,450	30.7	31.1	30.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	24,020	11,015	13,005	22.1	19.2	25.3	94,680	40,390	54,285	22.0	17.8	26.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	13,800	6,185	7,615	12.7	10.8	14.8	46,065	19,245	26,815	10.7	8.5	13.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	16,905	8,930	7,970	15.5	15.6	15.5	57,780	30,760	27,015	13.4	13.5	13.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	58,270	30,105	28,170	100.0	100.0	100.0	266,595	136,825	129,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,585	2,340	2,245	7.9	7.8	8.0	15,535	7,860	7,680	5.8	5.7	5.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	53,685	27,760	25,925	92.1	92.2	92.0	251,060	128,965	122,095	94.2	94.3	94.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	41,445	21,440	20,005	100.0	100.0	100.0	192,900	99,195	93,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,470	1,760	1,710	8.4	8.2	8.5	11,720	5,965	5,760	6.1	6.0	6.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,205	1,080	1,125	5.3	5.0	5.6	7,000	3,445	3,555	3.6	3.5	3.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,265	680	585	3.1	3.2	2.9	4,720	2,515	2,205	2.4	2.5	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	37,975	19,685	18,295	91.6	91.8	91.5	181,180	93,235	87,950	93.9	94.0	93.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised
^E
use with caution. Refer to the 2021 population and dwelling count amendments or the 2016 population and dwelling count amendments for further information.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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