Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Regina, City (CY)More information: Saskatchewan [Census subdivision] Remove						SaskatchewanMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Rates			Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	226,404	...	...	...	...	...	1,132,505	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	215,106	...	...	...	...	...	1,098,352	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	99,134	...	...	...	...	...	513,725	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	92,129	...	...	...	...	...	449,581	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,266.2	...	...	1,266.2	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	178.81	...	...	...	...	...	577,060.40	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	226,405	111,280	115,120	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,132,505	563,120	569,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	42,660	21,770	20,885	18.8	19.6	18.1	223,115	114,360	108,755	19.7	20.3	19.1
0 to 4 years	13,555	6,805	6,750	6.0	6.1	5.9	69,455	35,555	33,900	6.1	6.3	6.0
5 to 9 years	14,730	7,460	7,270	6.5	6.7	6.3	76,545	39,210	37,340	6.8	7.0	6.6
10 to 14 years	14,370	7,505	6,865	6.3	6.7	6.0	77,120	39,600	37,520	6.8	7.0	6.6
15 to 64 years	148,560	74,100	74,460	65.6	66.6	64.7	711,405	357,000	354,410	62.8	63.4	62.2
15 to 19 years	12,945	6,685	6,265	5.7	6.0	5.4	68,510	35,525	32,985	6.0	6.3	5.8
20 to 24 years	14,915	7,735	7,190	6.6	7.0	6.2	66,870	34,580	32,295	5.9	6.1	5.7
25 to 29 years	15,475	7,675	7,800	6.8	6.9	6.8	70,030	35,420	34,605	6.2	6.3	6.1
30 to 34 years	17,510	8,615	8,895	7.7	7.7	7.7	78,380	38,930	39,450	6.9	6.9	6.9
35 to 39 years	17,945	8,930	9,010	7.9	8.0	7.8	79,420	39,380	40,040	7.0	7.0	7.0
40 to 44 years	16,170	8,140	8,025	7.1	7.3	7.0	73,055	36,670	36,380	6.5	6.5	6.4
45 to 49 years	13,715	6,800	6,915	6.1	6.1	6.0	65,075	32,425	32,655	5.7	5.8	5.7
50 to 54 years	12,510	6,260	6,250	5.5	5.6	5.4	62,745	31,300	31,440	5.5	5.6	5.5
55 to 59 years	13,910	6,715	7,190	6.1	6.0	6.2	73,165	36,045	37,120	6.5	6.4	6.5
60 to 64 years	13,460	6,540	6,920	5.9	5.9	6.0	74,155	36,725	37,430	6.5	6.5	6.6
65 years and over	35,185	15,415	19,775	15.5	13.9	17.2	197,980	91,765	106,215	17.5	16.3	18.7
65 to 69 years	11,370	5,415	5,955	5.0	4.9	5.2	64,770	32,140	32,630	5.7	5.7	5.7
70 to 74 years	8,610	3,995	4,615	3.8	3.6	4.0	48,945	23,790	25,160	4.3	4.2	4.4
75 to 79 years	5,755	2,550	3,205	2.5	2.3	2.8	33,045	15,605	17,445	2.9	2.8	3.1
80 to 84 years	4,295	1,690	2,605	1.9	1.5	2.3	23,460	10,290	13,170	2.1	1.8	2.3
85 years and over	5,150	1,760	3,390	2.3	1.6	2.9	27,765	9,945	17,820	2.5	1.8	3.1
85 to 89 years	2,940	1,045	1,900	1.3	0.9	1.7	16,165	6,290	9,870	1.4	1.1	1.7
90 to 94 years	1,710	600	1,115	0.8	0.5	1.0	8,715	2,965	5,750	0.8	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	440	110	330	0.2	0.1	0.3	2,435	625	1,810	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	60	385	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.8	19.6	18.1	18.8	19.6	18.1	19.7	20.3	19.1	19.7	20.3	19.1
15 to 64 years	65.6	66.6	64.7	65.6	66.6	64.7	62.8	63.4	62.2	62.8	63.4	62.2
65 years and over	15.5	13.9	17.2	15.5	13.9	17.2	17.5	16.3	18.7	17.5	16.3	18.7
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	2.9	2.3	1.6	2.9	2.5	1.8	3.1	2.5	1.8	3.1
Average age of the population	39.0	38.0	40.1	39.0	38.0	40.1	39.8	38.9	40.7	39.8	38.9	40.7
Median age of the population	37.6	36.8	38.4	37.6	36.8	38.4	38.8	38.0	39.6	38.8	38.0	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	92,130	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	58,120	...	...	63.1	...	...	322,070	...	...	71.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,625	...	...	2.8	...	...	13,680	...	...	3.0	...	...
Row house	6,025	...	...	6.5	...	...	19,860	...	...	4.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,210	...	...	2.4	...	...	11,240	...	...	2.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	18,560	...	...	20.1	...	...	61,855	...	...	13.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,390	...	...	4.8	...	...	11,040	...	...	2.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.0	...	...	755	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	170	...	...	0.2	...	...	9,090	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	92,130	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	27,875	...	...	30.3	...	...	130,110	...	...	28.9	...	...
2 persons	30,420	...	...	33.0	...	...	158,555	...	...	35.3	...	...
3 persons	13,605	...	...	14.8	...	...	60,185	...	...	13.4	...	...
4 persons	12,475	...	...	13.5	...	...	57,860	...	...	12.9	...	...
5 or more persons	7,745	...	...	8.4	...	...	42,875	...	...	9.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,205	549,475	553,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	183,750	89,510	94,240	100.0	100.0	100.0	909,390	448,765	460,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	102,485	51,180	51,305	55.8	57.2	54.4	526,835	263,575	263,255	57.9	58.7	57.2
Married	85,680	42,785	42,895	46.6	47.8	45.5	440,040	220,210	219,830	48.4	49.1	47.7
Living common-law	16,805	8,395	8,410	9.1	9.4	8.9	86,795	43,365	43,430	9.5	9.7	9.4
Living common law - Never married	12,930	6,495	6,430	7.0	7.3	6.8	65,395	32,860	32,530	7.2	7.3	7.1
Living common law - Separated	485	250	230	0.3	0.3	0.2	3,075	1,580	1,495	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,110	1,530	1,575	1.7	1.7	1.7	16,305	8,125	8,185	1.8	1.8	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	285	120	170	0.2	0.1	0.2	2,025	800	1,220	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	81,260	38,330	42,930	44.2	42.8	45.6	382,560	185,185	197,370	42.1	41.3	42.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	56,260	30,255	26,005	30.6	33.8	27.6	258,905	142,445	116,460	28.5	31.7	25.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,115	1,740	2,380	2.2	1.9	2.5	20,685	9,310	11,375	2.3	2.1	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	11,230	4,350	6,880	6.1	4.9	7.3	50,635	22,150	28,485	5.6	4.9	6.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	9,655	1,985	7,665	5.3	2.2	8.1	52,330	11,280	41,050	5.8	2.5	8.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	61,005	...	...	100.0	...	...	308,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	30,355	...	...	49.8	...	...	160,870	...	...	52.1	...	...
3 persons	13,035	...	...	21.4	...	...	58,650	...	...	19.0	...	...
4 persons	11,915	...	...	19.5	...	...	55,775	...	...	18.1	...	...
5 or more persons	5,700	...	...	9.3	...	...	33,390	...	...	10.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	61,005	...	...	100.0	...	...	308,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	49,900	...	...	81.8	...	...	255,910	...	...	82.9	...	...
Married couples	41,500	...	...	68.0	...	...	212,520	...	...	68.8	...	...
With children⁶	22,965	...	...	37.6	...	...	106,385	...	...	34.5	...	...
Without children	18,530	...	...	30.4	...	...	106,135	...	...	34.4	...	...
Common-law couples	8,405	...	...	13.8	...	...	43,395	...	...	14.1	...	...
With children⁶	3,160	...	...	5.2	...	...	18,190	...	...	5.9	...	...
Without children	5,240	...	...	8.6	...	...	25,205	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	11,105	...	...	18.2	...	...	52,775	...	...	17.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	8,590	...	...	14.1	...	...	39,825	...	...	12.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,515	...	...	4.1	...	...	12,955	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,205	549,475	553,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	178,470	88,170	90,300	80.0	80.2	79.8	903,775	448,945	454,830	81.9	81.7	82.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	99,805	49,885	49,920	44.7	45.4	44.1	511,820	255,785	256,040	46.4	46.6	46.2
Parents in one-parent families	11,100	2,510	8,590	5.0	2.3	7.6	52,780	12,955	39,820	4.8	2.4	7.2
Children⁶	67,565	35,775	31,790	30.3	32.5	28.1	339,175	180,210	158,965	30.7	32.8	28.7
In a two-parent family	49,485	25,920	23,560	22.2	23.6	20.8	248,725	130,995	117,725	22.5	23.8	21.3
In a one-parent family	18,085	9,850	8,230	8.1	9.0	7.3	90,455	49,210	41,240	8.2	9.0	7.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	44,605	21,800	22,805	20.0	19.8	20.2	199,425	100,530	98,895	18.1	18.3	17.9
Living alone	27,880	12,455	15,420	12.5	11.3	13.6	130,105	62,520	67,590	11.8	11.4	12.2
Living with other relatives⁷	6,140	2,880	3,250	2.8	2.6	2.9	28,150	13,805	14,345	2.6	2.5	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	10,590	6,460	4,125	4.7	5.9	3.6	41,165	24,200	16,960	3.7	4.4	3.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	92,130	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	54,045	...	...	58.7	...	...	275,515	...	...	61.3	...	...
Couple-family households	45,345	...	...	49.2	...	...	236,790	...	...	52.7	...	...
With children⁶	23,660	...	...	25.7	...	...	113,990	...	...	25.4	...	...
Without children	21,690	...	...	23.5	...	...	122,800	...	...	27.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	8,695	...	...	9.4	...	...	38,720	...	...	8.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,000	...	...	2.2	...	...	9,815	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	465	...	...	0.5	...	...	1,960	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,890	...	...	3.1	...	...	13,265	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,855	...	...	5.3	...	...	18,915	...	...	4.2	...	...
One-person households	27,880	...	...	30.3	...	...	130,105	...	...	28.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	180,515	88,260	92,255	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,780	436,550	446,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	172,475	84,055	88,420	95.5	95.2	95.8	844,920	417,025	427,895	95.7	95.5	95.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	51,200	42,400	46,400	51,200	42,400	42,400	48,000	38,400	42,400	48,000	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	172,530	84,085	88,450	95.6	95.3	95.9	845,455	417,320	428,130	95.8	95.6	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	44,800	38,400	41,200	44,800	38,400	38,400	42,400	35,200	38,400	42,400	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	156,630	77,335	79,295	86.8	87.6	86.0	757,325	379,255	378,070	85.8	86.9	84.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,400	35,600	41,600	48,400	35,600	36,800	44,400	30,600	36,800	44,400	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	129,495	66,025	63,470	71.7	74.8	68.8	622,670	322,180	300,495	70.5	73.8	67.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,800	38,800	43,200	48,800	38,800	36,800	43,600	31,400	36,800	43,600	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	153,065	73,240	79,825	84.8	83.0	86.5	751,755	364,545	387,210	85.2	83.5	86.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,650	5,520	9,200	7,650	5,520	9,200	8,800	6,750	10,100	8,800	6,750	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,300	8,315	7,985	9.0	9.4	8.7	84,485	43,415	41,065	9.6	9.9	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,520	5,880	5,680	5,520	5,880	6,000	6,000	5,920	6,000	6,000	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,490	21,960	22,530	24.6	24.9	24.4	214,100	103,150	110,950	24.3	23.6	24.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	180,515	88,270	92,240	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	172,410	83,980	88,430	95.5	95.1	95.9	845,425	417,040	428,380	95.8	95.5	96.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,700	63,400	50,360	56,700	63,400	50,360	53,050	60,250	46,080	53,050	60,250	46,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	172,475	84,010	88,460	95.5	95.2	95.9	845,965	417,355	428,610	95.8	95.6	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,280	51,600	43,120	47,280	51,600	43,120	44,680	49,360	40,080	44,680	49,360	40,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	156,820	77,340	79,480	86.9	87.6	86.2	757,585	378,980	378,605	85.8	86.8	84.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,550	60,500	44,760	52,550	60,500	44,760	48,680	57,250	40,040	48,680	57,250	40,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	129,490	65,810	63,685	71.7	74.6	69.0	622,690	321,515	301,175	70.5	73.7	67.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,100	58,600	45,320	52,100	58,600	45,320	47,360	54,650	39,600	47,360	54,650	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	152,715	72,965	79,755	84.6	82.7	86.5	751,480	363,960	387,525	85.1	83.4	86.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,070	8,820	11,210	10,070	8,820	11,210	10,650	9,420	11,800	10,650	9,420	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,120	8,290	7,820	8.9	9.4	8.5	83,595	42,755	40,840	9.5	9.8	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,970	6,115	7,880	6,970	6,115	7,880	7,330	7,060	7,610	7,330	7,060	7,610
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,490	22,075	22,415	24.6	25.0	24.3	213,970	103,245	110,725	24.2	23.7	24.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,920	8,890	8,960	8,920	8,890	8,960	9,000	8,960	9,040	9,000	8,960	9,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	180,510	88,270	92,240	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	66,735	35,970	30,765	37.0	40.7	33.4	301,310	168,990	132,320	34.1	38.7	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	71,500	62,400	67,000	71,500	62,400	62,000	67,000	56,000	62,000	67,000	56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,200	82,700	68,700	76,200	82,700	68,700	70,100	76,500	61,850	70,100	76,500	61,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	48,570	22,880	25,690	26.9	25.9	27.9	237,965	111,525	126,440	27.0	25.5	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	21,400	16,800	19,000	21,400	16,800	19,000	21,600	17,000	19,000	21,600	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,440	32,160	25,160	28,440	32,160	25,160	29,120	34,440	24,440	29,120	34,440	24,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.2	88.0	80.0	84.2	88.0	80.0	82.2	86.4	76.8	82.2	86.4	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.0	72.4	64.8	69.0	72.4	64.8	65.8	69.8	60.4	65.8	69.8	60.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.7	12.1	20.1	15.7	12.1	20.1	17.8	13.6	23.2	17.8	13.6	23.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	4.0	5.4	4.7	4.0	5.4	5.0	4.1	6.2	5.0	4.1	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.7	4.5	4.1	3.7	4.5	4.3	3.7	5.1	4.3	3.7	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	180,510	88,255	92,260	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,780	436,550	446,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	8,045	4,205	3,840	4.5	4.8	4.2	37,860	19,525	18,335	4.3	4.5	4.1
With total income	172,470	84,050	88,420	95.5	95.2	95.8	844,915	417,025	427,890	95.7	95.5	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,070	6,025	7,050	7.6	7.2	8.0	71,550	33,580	37,975	8.5	8.1	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	16,245	7,040	9,210	9.4	8.4	10.4	92,735	40,045	52,690	11.0	9.6	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	23,555	10,145	13,410	13.7	12.1	15.2	126,965	54,565	72,400	15.0	13.1	16.9
$30,000 to $39,999	20,845	9,090	11,750	12.1	10.8	13.3	105,405	45,260	60,150	12.5	10.9	14.1
$40,000 to $49,999	19,810	8,820	10,995	11.5	10.5	12.4	96,850	43,305	53,545	11.5	10.4	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	17,170	8,100	9,070	10.0	9.6	10.3	80,190	38,235	41,955	9.5	9.2	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	14,075	7,155	6,915	8.2	8.5	7.8	63,160	33,360	29,800	7.5	8.0	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	11,300	6,070	5,230	6.6	7.2	5.9	49,340	27,775	21,560	5.8	6.7	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	8,925	4,860	4,065	5.2	5.8	4.6	38,610	22,165	16,450	4.6	5.3	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	7,140	3,835	3,300	4.1	4.6	3.7	30,895	17,430	13,460	3.7	4.2	3.1
$100,000 and over	20,340	12,910	7,435	11.8	15.4	8.4	89,220	61,310	27,910	10.6	14.7	6.5
$100,000 to $149,999	14,395	8,695	5,700	8.3	10.3	6.4	62,465	40,955	21,510	7.4	9.8	5.0
$150,000 and over	5,945	4,210	1,730	3.4	5.0	2.0	26,750	20,350	6,400	3.2	4.9	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	180,510	88,255	92,260	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,780	436,550	446,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	7,980	4,175	3,810	4.4	4.7	4.1	37,330	19,230	18,100	4.2	4.4	4.1
With after-tax income	172,530	84,080	88,450	95.6	95.3	95.9	845,450	417,320	428,130	95.8	95.6	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,595	6,185	7,410	7.9	7.4	8.4	74,770	34,925	39,840	8.8	8.4	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	17,125	7,425	9,700	9.9	8.8	11.0	96,975	41,905	55,070	11.5	10.0	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	27,115	11,855	15,260	15.7	14.1	17.3	143,230	62,170	81,055	16.9	14.9	18.9
$30,000 to $39,999	25,285	11,290	14,000	14.7	13.4	15.8	125,245	55,255	69,990	14.8	13.2	16.3
$40,000 to $49,999	23,600	11,005	12,595	13.7	13.1	14.2	113,220	53,350	59,870	13.4	12.8	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	19,355	9,775	9,580	11.2	11.6	10.8	87,685	45,835	41,850	10.4	11.0	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	14,600	7,735	6,860	8.5	9.2	7.8	63,720	35,460	28,260	7.5	8.5	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	10,790	5,730	5,065	6.3	6.8	5.7	47,135	26,270	20,865	5.6	6.3	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	6,865	3,790	3,070	4.0	4.5	3.5	29,945	17,670	12,275	3.5	4.2	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	4,475	2,645	1,830	2.6	3.1	2.1	19,390	12,375	7,010	2.3	3.0	1.6
$100,000 and over	9,735	6,650	3,085	5.6	7.9	3.5	44,145	32,100	12,040	5.2	7.7	2.8
$100,000 to $124,999	5,345	3,515	1,830	3.1	4.2	2.1	24,420	17,370	7,050	2.9	4.2	1.6
$125,000 and over	4,395	3,140	1,255	2.5	3.7	1.4	19,725	14,730	4,990	2.3	3.5	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	180,510	88,255	92,260	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,780	436,550	446,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	51,020	22,235	28,785	28.3	25.2	31.2	260,105	114,375	145,735	29.5	26.2	32.7
With employment income	129,495	66,025	63,470	71.7	74.8	68.8	622,670	322,175	300,490	70.5	73.8	67.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	15,130	6,950	8,180	11.7	10.5	12.9	90,620	43,400	47,215	14.6	13.5	15.7
$5,000 to $9,999	9,600	4,335	5,260	7.4	6.6	8.3	49,340	22,310	27,030	7.9	6.9	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	13,950	6,395	7,555	10.8	9.7	11.9	72,905	33,690	39,215	11.7	10.5	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	11,210	5,415	5,790	8.7	8.2	9.1	58,850	26,960	31,890	9.5	8.4	10.6
$30,000 to $39,999	11,040	5,205	5,835	8.5	7.9	9.2	56,210	25,585	30,625	9.0	7.9	10.2
$40,000 to $49,999	11,605	5,475	6,130	9.0	8.3	9.7	54,395	25,875	28,520	8.7	8.0	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	10,895	5,470	5,425	8.4	8.3	8.5	47,765	24,415	23,350	7.7	7.6	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	9,755	5,220	4,535	7.5	7.9	7.1	40,940	22,855	18,090	6.6	7.1	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	8,090	4,455	3,635	6.2	6.7	5.7	33,380	19,360	14,015	5.4	6.0	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	6,830	3,720	3,110	5.3	5.6	4.9	29,020	16,645	12,375	4.7	5.2	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	5,720	3,080	2,635	4.4	4.7	4.2	23,480	13,565	9,915	3.8	4.2	3.3
$100,000 and over	15,670	10,290	5,375	12.1	15.6	8.5	65,770	47,510	18,255	10.6	14.7	6.1
$100,000 to $124,999	7,735	4,660	3,075	6.0	7.1	4.8	31,845	20,990	10,855	5.1	6.5	3.6
$125,000 and over	7,935	5,635	2,305	6.1	8.5	3.6	33,925	26,520	7,405	5.4	8.2	2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	180,515	88,260	92,255	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,780	436,550	446,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	168,335	81,900	86,430	93.3	92.8	93.7	825,815	406,805	419,010	93.5	93.2	93.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	51,200	40,400	44,800	51,200	40,400	41,200	48,000	35,600	41,200	48,000	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	168,395	81,905	86,485	93.3	92.8	93.7	826,075	406,845	419,225	93.6	93.2	93.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,400	36,400	40,000	44,400	36,400	37,200	42,400	32,800	37,200	42,400	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	153,960	76,000	77,960	85.3	86.1	84.5	745,575	372,880	372,700	84.5	85.4	83.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,000	36,800	42,800	50,000	36,800	38,400	46,400	31,600	38,400	46,400	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	128,340	65,415	62,925	71.1	74.1	68.2	619,030	320,010	299,020	70.1	73.3	67.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	50,400	39,200	44,000	50,400	39,200	38,400	45,600	32,400	38,400	45,600	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	144,080	68,975	75,110	79.8	78.1	81.4	712,010	346,320	365,690	80.7	79.3	82.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,100	1,130	4,680	2,100	1,130	4,680	3,360	1,240	6,160	3,360	1,240	6,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,025	5,915	6,110	6.7	6.7	6.6	69,035	34,850	34,185	7.8	8.0	7.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,040	5,400	7,000	6,040	5,400	7,000	6,360	6,240	6,500	6,360	6,240	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	180,515	88,270	92,240	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	168,460	81,880	86,580	93.3	92.8	93.9	826,385	406,875	419,505	93.6	93.2	94.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,850	62,350	47,800	54,850	62,350	47,800	51,350	59,400	43,480	51,350	59,400	43,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	168,505	81,890	86,615	93.3	92.8	93.9	826,660	406,915	419,740	93.6	93.2	94.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,400	50,440	40,640	45,400	50,440	40,640	42,960	48,440	37,640	42,960	48,440	37,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	154,535	76,130	78,400	85.6	86.2	85.0	746,260	372,755	373,505	84.5	85.4	83.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,350	62,000	45,000	53,350	62,000	45,000	49,600	58,900	40,320	49,600	58,900	40,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	128,830	65,605	63,220	71.4	74.3	68.5	619,710	319,750	299,965	70.2	73.3	67.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,100	60,100	45,800	53,100	60,100	45,800	48,320	56,150	39,960	48,320	56,150	39,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	144,205	69,075	75,130	79.9	78.3	81.5	712,110	346,290	365,820	80.7	79.3	82.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,910	5,595	8,120	6,910	5,595	8,120	7,580	6,400	8,700	7,580	6,400	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,030	5,960	6,065	6.7	6.8	6.6	68,920	34,910	34,015	7.8	8.0	7.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,660	6,335	8,970	7,660	6,335	8,970	8,030	7,450	8,630	8,030	7,450	8,630
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	180,510	88,270	92,240	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	66,185	35,655	30,525	36.7	40.4	33.1	299,100	167,785	131,315	33.9	38.4	29.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	68,500	58,400	63,600	68,500	58,400	58,800	65,000	52,400	58,800	65,000	52,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,900	80,200	64,400	72,900	80,200	64,400	67,100	74,200	57,950	67,100	74,200	57,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	45,210	21,230	23,980	25.0	24.1	26.0	222,840	104,130	118,710	25.2	23.9	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	28,800	23,000	25,400	28,800	23,000	24,400	28,600	21,800	24,400	28,600	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,360	40,720	30,640	35,360	40,720	30,640	34,880	41,840	28,800	34,880	41,840	28,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.2	92.4	85.2	89.2	92.4	85.2	87.2	90.8	82.6	87.2	90.8	82.6
Employment income (%)	74.0	77.2	70.0	74.0	77.2	70.0	70.6	74.2	65.6	70.6	74.2	65.6
Government transfers (%)	10.8	7.6	14.8	10.8	7.6	14.8	12.7	9.2	17.4	12.7	9.2	17.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.3	1.0	0.7	1.3	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	92,130	...	...	...	...	...	449,580	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	27,880	...	...	...	...	...	130,105	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	48,000	...	...	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	64,250	...	...	...	...	...	319,475	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	92,130	...	...	...	...	...	449,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,100	...	...	106,100	...	...	99,800	...	...	99,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,500	...	...	88,500	...	...	84,100	...	...	84,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	27,865	...	...	...	...	...	129,935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,450	...	...	57,450	...	...	53,300	...	...	53,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,920	...	...	47,920	...	...	44,680	...	...	44,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	64,265	...	...	...	...	...	319,645	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,200	...	...	127,200	...	...	118,700	...	...	118,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,100	...	...	106,100	...	...	100,100	...	...	100,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,025	...	...	1.1	...	...	5,030	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	440	...	...	0.5	...	...	2,640	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	745	...	...	0.8	...	...	4,645	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,400	...	...	1.5	...	...	8,295	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,135	...	...	3.4	...	...	19,430	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,890	...	...	3.1	...	...	15,705	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,740	...	...	3.0	...	...	14,730	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,020	...	...	3.3	...	...	17,200	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,190	...	...	3.5	...	...	17,145	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,350	...	...	3.6	...	...	17,225	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,715	...	...	7.3	...	...	33,580	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,615	...	...	7.2	...	...	32,145	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,315	...	...	6.9	...	...	30,370	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,815	...	...	6.3	...	...	28,270	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,445	...	...	5.9	...	...	26,025	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	39,290	...	...	42.6	...	...	177,135	...	...	39.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,365	...	...	12.3	...	...	53,545	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,465	...	...	9.2	...	...	39,320	...	...	8.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10,635	...	...	11.5	...	...	47,170	...	...	10.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	8,820	...	...	9.6	...	...	37,100	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,115	...	...	1.2	...	...	5,735	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	445	...	...	0.5	...	...	2,730	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	770	...	...	0.8	...	...	4,800	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,460	...	...	1.6	...	...	8,635	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,430	...	...	3.7	...	...	20,715	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,290	...	...	3.6	...	...	17,735	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,245	...	...	3.5	...	...	17,085	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,785	...	...	4.1	...	...	20,380	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,930	...	...	4.3	...	...	20,090	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,990	...	...	4.3	...	...	19,875	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	8,140	...	...	8.8	...	...	39,515	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	7,795	...	...	8.5	...	...	37,680	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,240	...	...	7.9	...	...	35,090	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,590	...	...	7.2	...	...	31,875	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,820	...	...	6.3	...	...	28,180	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	31,100	...	...	33.8	...	...	139,455	...	...	31.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,745	...	...	12.7	...	...	54,690	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,785	...	...	8.5	...	...	35,800	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,570	...	...	12.6	...	...	48,965	...	...	10.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	60,885	...	...	...	...	...	306,550	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	22,235	...	...	...	...	...	124,905	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	26,215	...	...	...	...	...	125,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	10,370	...	...	...	...	...	47,700	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	38,465	18,920	19,550	...	...	...	171,275	86,725	84,555	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	42,400	42,800	42,800	42,400	42,800	39,200	41,200	37,600	39,200	41,200	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	38,000	38,400	38,000	38,000	38,400	35,600	36,800	34,800	35,600	36,800	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	60,920	...	...	...	...	...	306,600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,900	...	...	127,900	...	...	118,600	...	...	118,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,400	...	...	106,400	...	...	99,800	...	...	99,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	22,270	...	...	...	...	...	125,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,800	...	...	123,800	...	...	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,300	...	...	101,300	...	...	92,300	...	...	92,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	26,225	...	...	...	...	...	125,520	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,600	...	...	152,600	...	...	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,300	...	...	126,300	...	...	121,200	...	...	121,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,370	...	...	...	...	...	47,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,400	...	...	79,400	...	...	73,100	...	...	73,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,400	...	...	70,400	...	...	65,900	...	...	65,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	38,405	18,935	19,475	...	...	...	171,095	86,755	84,335	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,600	52,200	51,000	51,600	52,200	51,000	49,640	52,300	46,880	49,640	52,300	46,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,480	43,240	43,720	43,480	43,240	43,720	41,960	43,200	40,680	41,960	43,200	40,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,475	553,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	50,185	25,655	24,530	22.5	23.3	21.7	261,770	134,340	127,430	23.7	24.4	23.0
0 to 5 years	16,460	8,265	8,195	7.4	7.5	7.2	83,310	42,545	40,765	7.6	7.7	7.4
18 to 64 years	140,050	69,635	70,415	62.8	63.3	62.3	657,835	328,185	329,655	59.6	59.7	59.5
65 years and over	32,840	14,685	18,155	14.7	13.4	16.1	183,595	86,950	96,645	16.6	15.8	17.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	23,980	11,385	12,590	...	...	...	147,955	71,010	76,945	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	7,235	3,695	3,540	...	...	...	45,500	23,280	22,215	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	2,605	1,245	1,365	...	...	...	15,520	7,735	7,790	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	13,305	6,485	6,820	...	...	...	74,450	36,410	38,040	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,440	1,205	2,230	...	...	...	28,000	11,315	16,690	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	10.4	11.1	10.8	10.4	11.1	13.4	12.9	13.9	13.4	12.9	13.9
0 to 17 years (%)	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	17.4	17.3	17.4	17.4	17.3	17.4
0 to 5 years (%)	15.8	15.1	16.6	15.8	15.1	16.6	18.6	18.2	19.1	18.6	18.2	19.1
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	9.3	9.7	9.5	9.3	9.7	11.3	11.1	11.5	11.3	11.1	11.5
65 years and over (%)	10.5	8.2	12.3	10.5	8.2	12.3	15.3	13.0	17.3	15.3	13.0	17.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,047,470	521,355	526,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	50,190	25,655	24,535	22.5	23.3	21.7	239,370	122,980	116,385	22.9	23.6	22.1
0 to 5 years	16,465	8,260	8,200	7.4	7.5	7.3	76,215	39,020	37,195	7.3	7.5	7.1
18 to 64 years	140,045	69,635	70,415	62.8	63.3	62.3	628,090	313,165	314,925	60.0	60.1	59.9
65 years and over	32,840	14,690	18,155	14.7	13.4	16.1	180,015	85,205	94,805	17.2	16.3	18.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	10,110	5,450	4,660	...	...	...	42,310	22,585	19,730	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,380	1,220	1,155	...	...	...	10,250	5,365	4,890	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	795	395	400	...	...	...	3,285	1,675	1,610	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,290	4,030	3,260	...	...	...	29,210	15,830	13,375	...	...	...
65 years and over	445	200	245	...	...	...	2,850	1,390	1,465	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.5	5.0	4.1	4.5	5.0	4.1	4.0	4.3	3.8	4.0	4.3	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.3	4.4	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.2
0 to 5 years (%)	4.8	4.8	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.9	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	5.8	4.6	5.2	5.8	4.6	4.7	5.1	4.3	4.7	5.1	4.3
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,475	553,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	106,475	51,510	54,960	47.7	46.8	48.6	580,685	283,030	297,655	52.6	51.5	53.8
In bottom decile	21,960	10,990	10,975	9.8	10.0	9.7	129,985	64,240	65,750	11.8	11.7	11.9
In second decile	21,470	9,915	11,550	9.6	9.0	10.2	119,140	55,775	63,370	10.8	10.2	11.4
In third decile	21,120	10,170	10,955	9.5	9.2	9.7	112,825	54,665	58,160	10.2	9.9	10.5
In fourth decile	20,780	10,030	10,745	9.3	9.1	9.5	110,110	54,280	55,835	10.0	9.9	10.1
In fifth decile	21,145	10,400	10,745	9.5	9.5	9.5	108,615	54,070	54,540	9.8	9.8	9.8
In top half of the distribution	116,600	58,465	58,135	52.3	53.2	51.4	522,520	266,445	256,075	47.4	48.5	46.2
In sixth decile	22,300	10,955	11,350	10.0	10.0	10.0	107,950	54,265	53,680	9.8	9.9	9.7
In seventh decile	23,405	11,675	11,730	10.5	10.6	10.4	108,365	54,950	53,415	9.8	10.0	9.6
In eighth decile	24,275	12,145	12,130	10.9	11.0	10.7	108,465	55,155	53,315	9.8	10.0	9.6
In ninth decile	24,685	12,445	12,235	11.1	11.3	10.8	106,220	54,550	51,670	9.6	9.9	9.3
In top decile	21,940	11,240	10,695	9.8	10.2	9.5	91,515	47,520	44,000	8.3	8.6	7.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	223,075	...	...	223,075	...	...	1,103,200	...	...	1,103,200	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.326	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.332	...	...	0.332	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.427	...	...	0.427	...	...	0.447	...	...	0.447	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.287	...	...	0.287	...	...	0.293	...	...	0.293	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	223,810	110,280	113,535	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,116,045	555,220	560,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	207,155	102,745	104,415	92.6	93.2	92.0	1,055,000	527,580	527,420	94.5	95.0	94.0
French only	180	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	450	210	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	13,580	6,160	7,420	6.1	5.6	6.5	51,970	23,490	28,480	4.7	4.2	5.1
Neither English nor French	2,900	1,295	1,605	1.3	1.2	1.4	8,625	3,940	4,685	0.8	0.7	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	223,810	110,280	113,535	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,116,045	555,220	560,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	218,150	107,635	110,515	97.5	97.6	97.3	1,094,690	545,105	549,585	98.1	98.2	98.0
French	2,300	1,120	1,180	1.0	1.0	1.0	11,335	5,500	5,835	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	590	300	290	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,815	905	905	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	2,775	1,225	1,550	1.2	1.1	1.4	8,200	3,705	4,495	0.7	0.7	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	223,810	110,280	113,535	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,116,045	555,220	560,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	215,360	106,115	109,245	96.2	96.2	96.2	1,082,470	538,920	543,550	97.0	97.1	96.9
Official languages	173,925	85,390	88,535	77.7	77.4	78.0	924,330	461,055	463,275	82.8	83.0	82.6
English	171,680	84,300	87,375	76.7	76.4	77.0	911,765	454,950	456,815	81.7	81.9	81.5
French	2,250	1,090	1,160	1.0	1.0	1.0	12,565	6,105	6,460	1.1	1.1	1.2
Non-official languages	41,435	20,730	20,710	18.5	18.8	18.2	158,135	77,865	80,275	14.2	14.0	14.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	325	120	205	0.1	0.1	0.2	20,785	9,935	10,850	1.9	1.8	1.9
Algonquian languages	255	90	160	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,490	6,910	7,575	1.3	1.2	1.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	190	70	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	13,810	6,595	7,215	1.2	1.2	1.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	190	70	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	13,810	6,595	7,215	1.2	1.2	1.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	220	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	70	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,005	1,440	1,570	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,255	580	670	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.	95	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	9,060	4,325	4,735	0.8	0.8	0.8
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	310	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	65	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	310	350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	275	310	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,790	2,790	2,995	0.5	0.5	0.5
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,780	2,785	2,995	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,780	2,785	2,995	0.5	0.5	0.5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	125	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	50	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	41,115	20,605	20,505	18.4	18.7	18.1	137,355	67,925	69,430	12.3	12.2	12.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,025	1,515	1,515	1.4	1.4	1.3	7,795	3,935	3,860	0.7	0.7	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	585	280	305	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,010	480	530	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	425	205	225	0.2	0.2	0.2	690	320	365	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,425	1,230	1,200	1.1	1.1	1.1	6,730	3,425	3,300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	170	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	370	170	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,750	885	860	0.8	0.8	0.8	4,610	2,370	2,235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	330	340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	170	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	465	245	225	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,010	515	495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,605	775	830	0.7	0.7	0.7	3,590	1,705	1,880	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,565	755	815	0.7	0.7	0.7	3,455	1,645	1,815	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	7,330	3,480	3,850	3.3	3.2	3.4	27,210	12,750	14,460	2.4	2.3	2.6
Bikol	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	195	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	580	270	315	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	405	190	220	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,365	620	745	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	90	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	175	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	435	200	235	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,085	490	590	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	140	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,905	2,825	3,085	2.6	2.6	2.7	22,680	10,680	12,010	2.0	1.9	2.1
Waray-Waray	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	140	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	110	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,105	605	500	0.5	0.5	0.4	2,645	1,450	1,190	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	620	330	295	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,660	915	745	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	205	110	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	440	235	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	240	150	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	430	245	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20,315	10,480	9,840	9.1	9.5	8.7	73,910	37,200	36,715	6.6	6.7	6.5
Albanian	175	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	325	170	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,770	1,275	1,495	1.2	1.2	1.3	13,790	6,380	7,410	1.2	1.1	1.3
Baltic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,720	1,250	1,470	1.2	1.1	1.3	13,640	6,305	7,330	1.2	1.1	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	350	160	195	0.2	0.1	0.2	1,335	595	740	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	840	395	445	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,565	1,180	1,385	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	105	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	340	165	175	0.2	0.1	0.2	1,080	550	530	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	120	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	360	175	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	445	240	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,090	485	610	0.5	0.4	0.5	8,030	3,685	4,340	0.7	0.7	0.8
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,810	850	955	0.8	0.8	0.8	21,360	10,450	10,905	1.9	1.9	1.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,400	645	755	0.6	0.6	0.7	16,020	7,795	8,225	1.4	1.4	1.5
German	1,385	640	745	0.6	0.6	0.7	15,875	7,715	8,160	1.4	1.4	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	340	175	165	0.2	0.2	0.1	4,795	2,400	2,395	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	135	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,360	720	640	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,020	520	505	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	540	255	285	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low Saxon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,765	855	910	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	245	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	110	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	85	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	460	230	230	0.2	0.2	0.2	805	415	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	13,150	7,060	6,095	5.9	6.4	5.4	30,330	16,195	14,135	2.7	2.9	2.5
Indo-Aryan languages	12,310	6,620	5,690	5.5	6.0	5.0	27,930	14,925	13,005	2.5	2.7	2.3
Assamese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,365	715	645	0.6	0.6	0.6	3,680	1,925	1,760	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	2,635	1,485	1,155	1.2	1.3	1.0	5,175	2,930	2,245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Hindi	1,165	655	510	0.5	0.6	0.4	2,395	1,375	1,020	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	100	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	360	180	175	0.2	0.2	0.2	745	390	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,980	2,140	1,840	1.8	1.9	1.6	8,555	4,570	3,985	0.8	0.8	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	80	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	130	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	2,505	1,280	1,230	1.1	1.2	1.1	6,510	3,285	3,225	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	100	60	40	0.0	0.1	0.0	145	85	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	840	435	395	0.4	0.4	0.3	2,390	1,265	1,125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	95	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	175	105	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	480	275	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	595	300	300	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,660	855	805	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dari	215	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	390	205	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	335	170	170	0.1	0.2	0.1	1,105	565	540	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,925	955	970	0.9	0.9	0.9	7,130	3,495	3,635	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	290	145	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	595	295	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	175	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	875	385	490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	200	90	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	735	360	380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,265	630	630	0.6	0.6	0.6	4,915	2,450	2,465	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	250	75	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	505	210	295	0.2	0.2	0.3	1,690	815	880	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,140	585	560	0.5	0.5	0.5	2,890	1,485	1,405	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	115	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	145	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	305	170	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	110	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	445	225	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	335	165	170	0.1	0.1	0.1	835	435	400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	165	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	470	255	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	80	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	115	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,125	2,515	2,615	2.3	2.3	2.3	14,515	7,115	7,395	1.3	1.3	1.3
Chinese languages	4,585	2,240	2,345	2.0	2.0	2.1	13,470	6,595	6,875	1.2	1.2	1.2
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,170	1,560	1,605	1.4	1.4	1.4	9,150	4,495	4,655	0.8	0.8	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,225	590	640	0.5	0.5	0.6	3,765	1,825	1,935	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	140	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	525	265	260	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,015	510	510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	420	215	205	0.2	0.2	0.2	785	395	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	350	180	165	0.2	0.2	0.1	675	350	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	175	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	420	170	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	270	130	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	40	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	400	200	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	155	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	295	135	160	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,085	525	565	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	65	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	275	130	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	910	450	465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,455	4,165	4,285	3.8	3.8	3.8	33,575	16,305	17,275	3.0	2.9	3.1
English and French	760	390	375	0.3	0.4	0.3	3,525	1,700	1,825	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	6,670	3,295	3,375	3.0	3.0	3.0	27,035	13,180	13,855	2.4	2.4	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	350	175	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	55	65	0.1	0.0	0.1	415	195	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	750	350	400	0.3	0.3	0.4	2,250	1,055	1,200	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	223,810	110,280	113,535	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,116,045	555,220	560,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	174,880	85,845	89,030	78.1	77.8	78.4	938,715	467,760	470,955	84.1	84.2	84.0
French	630	310	320	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,095	1,010	1,080	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	11,290	5,610	5,675	5.0	5.1	5.0	41,955	20,925	21,035	3.8	3.8	3.8
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,235	2,105	2,135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-Indigenous	11,270	5,605	5,665	5.0	5.1	5.0	37,720	18,820	18,895	3.4	3.4	3.4
English and French	2,030	940	1,090	0.9	0.9	1.0	7,920	3,650	4,265	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	32,530	16,345	16,185	14.5	14.8	14.3	118,480	58,500	59,980	10.6	10.5	10.7
French and non-official language(s)	115	50	65	0.1	0.0	0.1	280	135	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	940	460	475	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,595	1,230	1,360	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	1,405	710	690	0.6	0.6	0.6	4,005	2,005	2,000	0.4	0.4	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	223,810	110,280	113,535	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,116,045	555,220	560,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	214,720	105,675	109,040	95.9	95.8	96.0	1,084,685	539,755	544,930	97.2	97.2	97.2
Official languages	188,395	92,390	96,000	84.2	83.8	84.6	993,865	494,130	499,730	89.1	89.0	89.1
English	187,440	91,930	95,515	83.7	83.4	84.1	990,645	492,580	498,070	88.8	88.7	88.8
French	950	460	490	0.4	0.4	0.4	3,215	1,550	1,665	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	26,325	13,290	13,040	11.8	12.1	11.5	90,820	45,625	45,195	8.1	8.2	8.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,060	4,505	4,560	0.8	0.8	0.8
Algonquian languages	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,890	2,475	2,420	0.4	0.4	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,780	2,415	2,370	0.4	0.4	0.4
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,780	2,415	2,370	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	115	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	865	440	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	235	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,250	1,625	1,630	0.3	0.3	0.3
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,030	1,965	2,070	0.4	0.4	0.4
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,245	13,255	12,990	11.7	12.0	11.4	81,760	41,125	40,635	7.3	7.4	7.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,095	1,015	1,080	0.9	0.9	1.0	5,140	2,505	2,630	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	420	195	220	0.2	0.2	0.2	680	325	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	290	135	155	0.1	0.1	0.1	435	200	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,675	815	860	0.7	0.7	0.8	4,445	2,175	2,270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,225	595	630	0.5	0.5	0.6	3,055	1,500	1,560	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	210	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	95	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	355	180	175	0.2	0.2	0.2	710	360	350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,280	630	650	0.6	0.6	0.6	2,735	1,340	1,400	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,270	625	640	0.6	0.6	0.6	2,700	1,325	1,370	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,720	2,285	2,435	2.1	2.1	2.1	16,905	8,200	8,705	1.5	1.5	1.6
Bikol	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	315	150	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	220	105	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	740	360	385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	100	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	490	235	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,015	1,940	2,070	1.8	1.8	1.8	14,610	7,085	7,520	1.3	1.3	1.3
Waray-Waray	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	750	395	355	0.3	0.4	0.3	1,765	940	825	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	455	245	220	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,175	640	535	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	275	130	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	260	140	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,250	6,405	5,840	5.5	5.8	5.1	40,455	20,825	19,625	3.6	3.8	3.5
Albanian	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,170	585	590	0.5	0.5	0.5	4,420	2,220	2,200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,150	570	580	0.5	0.5	0.5	4,345	2,185	2,160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	150	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	550	275	280	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,575	795	785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	465	235	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	135	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	325	170	160	0.1	0.2	0.1	1,700	870	830	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,335	4,615	4,715	0.8	0.8	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,845	3,845	4,000	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,820	3,835	3,990	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,455	755	695	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	875	465	415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	130	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	235	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	370	170	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	9,745	5,185	4,560	4.4	4.7	4.0	22,590	11,955	10,635	2.0	2.2	1.9
Indo-Aryan languages	9,190	4,915	4,280	4.1	4.5	3.8	20,940	11,115	9,825	1.9	2.0	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	965	505	465	0.4	0.5	0.4	2,700	1,415	1,290	0.2	0.3	0.2
Gujarati	1,990	1,100	885	0.9	1.0	0.8	3,975	2,205	1,775	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hindi	840	480	360	0.4	0.4	0.3	1,670	950	715	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	270	135	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	540	285	255	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,245	1,745	1,505	1.4	1.6	1.3	6,955	3,665	3,285	0.6	0.7	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,735	870	860	0.8	0.8	0.8	4,645	2,370	2,275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	550	270	275	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,640	835	805	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.0	315	170	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	395	195	200	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,160	580	580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.0	215	110	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	235	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	835	420	415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	830	400	430	0.4	0.4	0.4	3,545	1,770	1,770	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	200	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	155	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	635	305	325	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,685	1,350	1,335	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	375	165	210	0.2	0.1	0.2	1,250	625	630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	470	235	240	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,130	550	580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	125	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	300	135	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	120	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	205	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	150	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,855	1,905	1,955	1.7	1.7	1.7	11,010	5,445	5,565	1.0	1.0	1.0
Chinese languages	3,445	1,695	1,750	1.5	1.5	1.5	10,220	5,040	5,180	0.9	0.9	0.9
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,560	1,275	1,285	1.1	1.2	1.1	7,415	3,695	3,715	0.7	0.7	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	790	375	410	0.4	0.3	0.4	2,490	1,190	1,295	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	95	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	405	210	200	0.2	0.2	0.2	780	400	380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	335	170	160	0.1	0.2	0.1	615	310	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	280	140	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	530	270	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	75	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	110	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	95	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	90	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,095	4,600	4,495	4.1	4.2	4.0	31,360	15,460	15,900	2.8	2.8	2.8
English and French	325	160	160	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,325	615	715	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	8,445	4,285	4,160	3.8	3.9	3.7	29,060	14,370	14,695	2.6	2.6	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	130	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	190	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	590	285	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	223,810	110,275	113,535	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,116,045	555,220	560,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	193,760	95,265	98,495	86.6	86.4	86.8	1,008,760	502,475	506,285	90.4	90.5	90.3
English	11,190	5,645	5,545	5.0	5.1	4.9	39,070	19,635	19,435	3.5	3.5	3.5
French	1,745	810	930	0.8	0.7	0.8	6,395	2,935	3,455	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	12,130	5,975	6,155	5.4	5.4	5.4	48,520	23,370	25,145	4.3	4.2	4.5
Indigenous³⁹	395	145	245	0.2	0.1	0.2	10,735	4,980	5,755	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-Indigenous	11,730	5,825	5,905	5.2	5.3	5.2	37,785	18,390	19,395	3.4	3.3	3.5
English and French	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	345	180	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	2,735	1,445	1,290	1.2	1.3	1.1	6,935	3,595	3,345	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	400	180	220	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,155	515	640	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,705	880	825	0.8	0.8	0.7	4,795	2,475	2,320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	220,175	108,690	111,480	98.7	98.8	98.6	1,095,170	545,875	549,300	99.3	99.3	99.2
English	220,040	108,625	111,415	98.6	98.8	98.5	1,094,790	545,650	549,135	99.2	99.3	99.2
French	13,815	6,470	7,345	6.2	5.9	6.5	52,065	23,725	28,335	4.7	4.3	5.1
Non-official languages	56,270	28,045	28,225	25.2	25.5	25.0	209,395	103,350	106,050	19.0	18.8	19.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,005	440	565	0.5	0.4	0.5	35,075	16,800	18,280	3.2	3.1	3.3
Algonquian languages	870	395	475	0.4	0.4	0.4	25,960	12,535	13,430	2.4	2.3	2.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	745	340	410	0.3	0.3	0.4	24,850	11,960	12,895	2.3	2.2	2.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	745	340	410	0.3	0.3	0.4	24,850	11,960	12,895	2.3	2.2	2.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	440	415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	330	145	185	0.1	0.1	0.2	6,450	3,070	3,375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,365	1,125	1,235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.	375	185	190	0.2	0.2	0.2	15,355	7,415	7,945	1.4	1.3	1.4
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,330	685	640	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,275	665	610	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	160	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,120	575	550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	90	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,085	3,795	4,295	0.7	0.7	0.8
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,080	3,795	4,285	0.7	0.7	0.8
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,080	3,795	4,285	0.7	0.7	0.8
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	395	460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	725	365	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assiniboine	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	110	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	185	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	55,310	27,620	27,690	24.8	25.1	24.5	174,635	86,680	87,955	15.8	15.8	15.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,400	2,235	2,170	2.0	2.0	1.9	11,165	5,770	5,395	1.0	1.1	1.0
Berber languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	85	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	265	125	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	85	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	245	105	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	850	415	430	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,415	720	695	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	165	95	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	615	300	315	0.3	0.3	0.3	900	450	455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	95	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,665	1,880	1,785	1.6	1.7	1.6	9,850	5,120	4,735	0.9	0.9	0.9
Amharic	355	175	180	0.2	0.2	0.2	855	440	415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	2,685	1,410	1,280	1.2	1.3	1.1	7,265	3,825	3,445	0.7	0.7	0.6
Aramaic languages	115	50	65	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,200	565	630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	280	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	540	255	285	0.0	0.0	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	85	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	290	165	125	0.1	0.2	0.1	470	250	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	670	340	330	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,365	710	660	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	90	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,135	1,030	1,110	1.0	0.9	1.0	4,625	2,275	2,355	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	100	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	2,055	980	1,075	0.9	0.9	1.0	4,440	2,165	2,280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10,005	4,785	5,215	4.5	4.4	4.6	37,460	17,730	19,730	3.4	3.2	3.6
Bikol	120	50	75	0.1	0.0	0.1	305	130	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	270	135	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	915	430	485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	605	285	325	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,180	1,010	1,175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	605	270	335	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	1,055	490	565	0.5	0.4	0.5	2,500	1,175	1,320	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	85	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	90	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	60	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	65	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	485	250	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,730	4,640	5,090	4.4	4.2	4.5	36,125	17,020	19,110	3.3	3.1	3.5
Waray-Waray	90	55	35	0.0	0.1	0.0	245	120	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	330	175	160	0.1	0.2	0.1	1,155	545	615	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	365	185	185	0.2	0.2	0.2	950	480	470	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	195	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	95	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	80	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,650	850	795	0.7	0.8	0.7	4,190	2,210	1,980	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	110	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	900	465	440	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,515	1,335	1,180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	440	255	185	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,120	625	495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	400	215	185	0.2	0.2	0.2	845	445	400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	27,325	13,960	13,365	12.2	12.7	11.8	89,555	45,335	44,220	8.1	8.3	8.0
Albanian	260	150	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	380	220	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,615	1,700	1,915	1.6	1.5	1.7	17,185	7,985	9,200	1.6	1.5	1.7
Baltic languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	85	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,575	1,680	1,900	1.6	1.5	1.7	17,095	7,945	9,145	1.5	1.4	1.7
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	365	175	195	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,745	800	945	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	1,610	785	825	0.7	0.7	0.7	5,305	2,590	2,715	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	585	290	295	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,705	865	835	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	400	195	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	290	150	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	745	405	340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	260	125	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	965	495	470	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,665	750	915	0.7	0.7	0.8	10,795	4,935	5,855	1.0	0.9	1.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	105	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,405	1,225	1,185	1.1	1.1	1.0	18,455	9,290	9,165	1.7	1.7	1.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,770	870	895	0.8	0.8	0.8	11,940	5,995	5,945	1.1	1.1	1.1
German	1,740	860	880	0.8	0.8	0.8	11,815	5,935	5,880	1.1	1.1	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	490	285	195	0.2	0.3	0.2	6,140	3,205	2,935	0.6	0.6	0.5
Afrikaans	200	130	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,175	1,185	990	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	250	140	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,285	680	605	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	275	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,015	1,025	980	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	955	395	560	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	135	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	175	305	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	100	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	755	390	365	0.3	0.4	0.3	1,430	730	705	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	17,290	9,110	8,180	7.8	8.3	7.2	39,895	21,385	18,505	3.6	3.9	3.3
Indo-Aryan languages	16,400	8,620	7,780	7.4	7.8	6.9	37,480	20,070	17,410	3.4	3.7	3.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,820	915	910	0.8	0.8	0.8	4,490	2,350	2,140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gujarati	3,340	1,860	1,485	1.5	1.7	1.3	6,965	3,985	2,985	0.6	0.7	0.5
Hindi	7,705	4,100	3,610	3.5	3.7	3.2	15,740	8,600	7,140	1.4	1.6	1.3
Kacchi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	260	130	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	520	270	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	390	205	185	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,040	550	490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,940	3,155	2,785	2.7	2.9	2.5	13,310	7,110	6,200	1.2	1.3	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	135	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	180	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	3,945	2,035	1,910	1.8	1.9	1.7	10,540	5,470	5,070	1.0	1.0	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	210	120	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	345	205	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,080	590	490	0.5	0.5	0.4	3,025	1,640	1,390	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	100	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	225	110	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	260	145	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	745	415	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	765	425	340	0.3	0.4	0.3	2,045	1,095	950	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	355	185	170	0.2	0.2	0.2	610	335	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	420	240	180	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,340	710	625	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,635	1,740	1,895	1.6	1.6	1.7	14,285	6,885	7,400	1.3	1.3	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	575	235	340	0.3	0.2	0.3	1,400	670	730	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	350	175	175	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,320	655	670	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	190	115	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	915	450	465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,670	1,285	1,390	1.2	1.2	1.2	11,185	5,395	5,785	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	400	175	230	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,170	585	585	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	630	300	330	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,870	900	970	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	3,110	1,590	1,515	1.4	1.4	1.3	7,440	3,945	3,495	0.7	0.7	0.6
Akan (Twi)	195	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	515	255	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	60	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	75	55	25	0.0	0.1	0.0	135	75	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	530	285	240	0.2	0.3	0.2	1,200	630	570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	320	170	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	100	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	45	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	160	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	310	180	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	460	235	225	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,165	665	500	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	1,280	645	635	0.6	0.6	0.6	2,865	1,520	1,345	0.3	0.3	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	310	160	150	0.1	0.1	0.1	990	545	445	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	615	305	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	85	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	375	200	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	305	180	125	0.1	0.2	0.1	1,450	645	815	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	250	135	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,135	505	625	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	50	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	160	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,055	2,965	3,090	2.7	2.7	2.7	17,055	8,335	8,725	1.5	1.5	1.6
Chinese languages	5,315	2,630	2,685	2.4	2.4	2.4	15,625	7,620	8,005	1.4	1.4	1.4
Hakka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	4,130	2,050	2,080	1.9	1.9	1.8	11,590	5,640	5,955	1.1	1.0	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	135	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,570	760	815	0.7	0.7	0.7	5,120	2,465	2,660	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	360	185	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	685	305	380	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,370	690	685	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	355	185	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	525	235	290	0.2	0.2	0.3	1,020	490	530	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	455	210	250	0.2	0.2	0.2	890	430	460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	30	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	245	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	590	280	310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	185	105	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	360	200	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	95	30	65	0.0	0.0	0.1	290	115	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	190	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	700	360	340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	565	295	270	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	315	150	165	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,240	595	645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	305	145	160	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,055	500	560	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	223,070	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	23,290	11,030	12,260	10.4	10.0	10.8	187,885	91,375	96,515	17.0	16.6	17.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	22,710	10,755	11,955	10.2	9.8	10.6	184,435	89,725	94,705	16.7	16.3	17.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	14,040	6,565	7,470	6.3	6.0	6.6	121,175	58,665	62,505	11.0	10.7	11.3
Métis	8,535	4,140	4,395	3.8	3.8	3.9	62,800	30,860	31,940	5.7	5.6	5.8
Inuk (Inuit)	140	45	90	0.1	0.0	0.1	460	200	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	370	170	205	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,030	985	1,045	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	200	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,425	665	765	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	199,790	98,950	100,840	89.6	90.0	89.2	915,310	458,120	457,195	83.0	83.4	82.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	223,070	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	12,680	5,905	6,780	5.7	5.4	6.0	115,055	55,385	59,670	10.4	10.1	10.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	210,395	104,070	106,320	94.3	94.6	94.0	988,145	494,110	494,035	89.6	89.9	89.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	61,220	...	...	66.5	...	...	317,655	...	...	70.7	...	...
Renter	30,915	...	...	33.6	...	...	118,590	...	...	26.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	13,335	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	14,130	...	...	15.3	...	...	49,490	...	...	11.0	...	...
Not condominium	78,000	...	...	84.7	...	...	400,095	...	...	89.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	510	...	...	0.6	...	...	1,945	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	10,810	...	...	11.7	...	...	41,900	...	...	9.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	23,810	...	...	25.8	...	...	103,860	...	...	23.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	30,900	...	...	33.5	...	...	150,360	...	...	33.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	26,105	...	...	28.3	...	...	151,520	...	...	33.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	27,460	...	...	29.8	...	...	105,050	...	...	23.4	...	...
5 rooms	14,260	...	...	15.5	...	...	70,620	...	...	15.7	...	...
6 rooms	12,625	...	...	13.7	...	...	66,100	...	...	14.7	...	...
7 rooms	11,565	...	...	12.6	...	...	59,535	...	...	13.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	26,220	...	...	28.5	...	...	148,270	...	...	33.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	89,080	...	...	96.7	...	...	438,000	...	...	97.4	...	...
More than one person per room	3,050	...	...	3.3	...	...	11,580	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	86,520	...	...	93.9	...	...	426,835	...	...	94.9	...	...
Not suitable	5,610	...	...	6.1	...	...	22,745	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	18,285	...	...	19.8	...	...	95,405	...	...	21.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	31,850	...	...	34.6	...	...	147,720	...	...	32.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	11,435	...	...	12.4	...	...	61,990	...	...	13.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,825	...	...	6.3	...	...	35,005	...	...	7.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,955	...	...	4.3	...	...	18,130	...	...	4.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,265	...	...	5.7	...	...	27,525	...	...	6.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	9,045	...	...	9.8	...	...	37,840	...	...	8.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,475	...	...	7.0	...	...	25,970	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	85,405	...	...	92.7	...	...	414,215	...	...	92.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	6,725	...	...	7.3	...	...	35,365	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	46,865	...	...	50.9	...	...	235,175	...	...	52.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	41,225	...	...	44.7	...	...	198,995	...	...	44.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,035	...	...	4.4	...	...	15,415	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,770	...	...	4.1	...	...	17,560	...	...	3.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	15,385	...	...	16.7	...	...	68,760	...	...	15.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	19,035	...	...	20.7	...	...	82,625	...	...	18.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	15,265	...	...	16.6	...	...	72,290	...	...	16.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	16,545	...	...	18.0	...	...	85,955	...	...	19.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	12,405	...	...	13.5	...	...	69,235	...	...	15.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,640	...	...	7.2	...	...	37,545	...	...	8.4	...	...
85 years and over	3,085	...	...	3.3	...	...	15,605	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	91,685	...	...	100.0	...	...	414,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	73,980	...	...	80.7	...	...	342,875	...	...	82.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	17,705	...	...	19.3	...	...	71,445	...	...	17.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	16,160	...	...	17.6	...	...	65,430	...	...	15.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	92,130	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	27,315	...	...	29.6	...	...	118,475	...	...	26.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	15,445	...	...	16.8	...	...	63,870	...	...	14.2	...	...
Not suitable only	4,400	...	...	4.8	...	...	16,865	...	...	3.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	4,835	...	...	5.2	...	...	26,900	...	...	6.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	745	...	...	0.8	...	...	2,370	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,430	...	...	1.6	...	...	4,960	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	380	...	...	0.4	...	...	3,270	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	0.1	...	...	245	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	64,810	...	...	70.3	...	...	331,105	...	...	73.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	90,135	...	...	100.0	...	...	408,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	9,285	...	...	10.3	...	...	41,895	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not in core need	80,850	...	...	89.7	...	...	366,405	...	...	89.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	61,210	...	...	...	...	...	298,500	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.0	...	...	63.0	...	...	57.9	...	...	57.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.2	...	...	11.2	...	...	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,400	...	...	1,110	...	...	1,110	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,462	...	...	1,462	...	...	1,296	...	...	1,296	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	340,000	...	...	340,000	...	...	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	361,600	...	...	361,600	...	...	324,400	...	...	324,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,910	...	...	...	...	...	117,545	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.9	...	...	14.9	...	...	17.1	...	...	17.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.5	...	...	35.5	...	...	33.1	...	...	33.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.1	...	...	23.1	...	...	22.1	...	...	22.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,150	...	...	1,030	...	...	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,214	...	...	1,214	...	...	1,095	...	...	1,095	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...	13,335	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	226	...	...	226	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	280	...	...	280	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,490	553,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	12,405	5,765	6,640	5.6	5.2	5.9	122,375	59,605	62,765	11.1	10.8	11.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	11,905	5,555	6,350	5.3	5.1	5.6	118,965	57,970	60,995	10.8	10.5	11.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	9,865	4,575	5,290	4.4	4.2	4.7	101,725	49,415	52,315	9.2	9.0	9.4
Métis single ancestry	1,985	965	1,015	0.9	0.9	0.9	17,055	8,495	8,555	1.5	1.5	1.5
Inuit single ancestry	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	60	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	500	215	290	0.2	0.2	0.3	3,410	1,630	1,775	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	485	200	290	0.2	0.2	0.3	3,335	1,580	1,750	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	11,575	5,595	5,975	5.2	5.1	5.3	68,675	33,265	35,410	6.2	6.1	6.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10,995	5,355	5,645	4.9	4.9	5.0	64,995	31,500	33,495	5.9	5.7	6.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,020	2,945	3,075	2.7	2.7	2.7	32,635	15,920	16,720	3.0	2.9	3.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,895	2,375	2,520	2.2	2.2	2.2	32,070	15,450	16,615	2.9	2.8	3.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	135	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	575	245	335	0.3	0.2	0.3	3,680	1,770	1,915	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	525	225	305	0.2	0.2	0.3	3,515	1,705	1,810	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	45	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	199,095	98,615	100,480	89.3	89.7	88.8	912,150	456,620	455,530	82.7	83.1	82.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	195,205	95,795	99,410	87.5	87.1	87.9	1,021,630	508,035	513,595	92.6	92.5	92.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	45,050	22,905	22,140	20.2	20.8	19.6	246,480	126,430	120,055	22.3	23.0	21.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	150,155	72,885	77,270	67.3	66.3	68.3	775,150	381,610	393,540	70.3	69.4	71.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	27,865	14,180	13,685	12.5	12.9	12.1	81,575	41,455	40,115	7.4	7.5	7.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	171,745	84,035	87,715	77.0	76.4	77.6	949,755	472,745	477,005	86.1	86.0	86.1
Immigrants⁸¹	45,210	22,500	22,710	20.3	20.5	20.1	137,620	67,895	69,725	12.5	12.4	12.6
Before 1980	3,820	1,890	1,930	1.7	1.7	1.7	12,780	6,020	6,760	1.2	1.1	1.2
1980 to 1990	1,880	945	930	0.8	0.9	0.8	5,945	2,955	2,990	0.5	0.5	0.5
1991 to 2000	2,670	1,240	1,430	1.2	1.1	1.3	8,390	3,910	4,480	0.8	0.7	0.8
2001 to 2010	9,090	4,415	4,670	4.1	4.0	4.1	29,370	14,480	14,895	2.7	2.6	2.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	27,750	14,005	13,750	12.4	12.7	12.2	81,135	40,535	40,605	7.4	7.4	7.3
2011 to 2015	12,835	6,605	6,235	5.8	6.0	5.5	38,020	19,065	18,955	3.4	3.5	3.4
2016 to 2021	14,915	7,405	7,510	6.7	6.7	6.6	43,120	21,470	21,645	3.9	3.9	3.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,115	3,440	2,670	2.7	3.1	2.4	15,830	8,850	6,980	1.4	1.6	1.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	45,210	22,500	22,710	100.0	100.0	100.0	137,620	67,895	69,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	4,335	2,280	2,055	9.6	10.1	9.0	13,370	6,890	6,480	9.7	10.1	9.3
5 to 14 years	8,155	4,400	3,755	18.0	19.6	16.5	26,755	14,085	12,680	19.4	20.7	18.2
15 to 24 years	7,195	3,230	3,965	15.9	14.4	17.5	20,460	9,465	10,995	14.9	13.9	15.8
25 to 44 years	21,815	10,655	11,160	48.3	47.4	49.1	64,955	31,330	33,625	47.2	46.1	48.2
45 years and over	3,705	1,930	1,780	8.2	8.6	7.8	12,070	6,130	5,945	8.8	9.0	8.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	45,210	22,500	22,710	100.0	100.0	100.0	137,620	67,895	69,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,275	1,565	1,705	7.2	7.0	7.5	12,580	5,910	6,675	9.1	8.7	9.6
Brazil	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2	380	150	230	0.3	0.2	0.3
Colombia	110	70	40	0.2	0.3	0.2	665	315	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
El Salvador	160	80	85	0.4	0.4	0.4	620	280	345	0.5	0.4	0.5
Guyana	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2	165	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	675	315	355	1.5	1.4	1.6	1,360	660	700	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mexico	320	170	150	0.7	0.8	0.7	1,720	870	850	1.2	1.3	1.2
Peru	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1	160	45	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	85	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2	200	65	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
United States of America	1,160	500	665	2.6	2.2	2.9	5,215	2,375	2,835	3.8	3.5	4.1
Other places of birth in Americas	525	285	240	1.2	1.3	1.1	2,030	1,040	995	1.5	1.5	1.4
Europe	5,675	2,870	2,800	12.6	12.8	12.3	21,710	10,705	11,010	15.8	15.8	15.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	195	95	95	0.4	0.4	0.4	500	250	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatia	220	120	100	0.5	0.5	0.4	415	245	170	0.3	0.4	0.2
France	115	45	70	0.3	0.2	0.3	310	115	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
Germany	440	200	235	1.0	0.9	1.0	2,100	980	1,115	1.5	1.4	1.6
Greece	265	160	100	0.6	0.7	0.4	500	290	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hungary	130	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.3	325	175	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Italy	290	140	150	0.6	0.6	0.7	585	300	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Netherlands	200	135	65	0.4	0.6	0.3	965	560	400	0.7	0.8	0.6
Poland	215	95	125	0.5	0.4	0.6	1,080	455	625	0.8	0.7	0.9
Portugal	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	200	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romania	180	90	85	0.4	0.4	0.4	660	330	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian Federation	200	95	105	0.4	0.4	0.5	650	270	385	0.5	0.4	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2	530	250	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	885	405	475	2.0	1.8	2.1	3,165	1,505	1,665	2.3	2.2	2.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,380	705	675	3.1	3.1	3.0	6,785	3,420	3,365	4.9	5.0	4.8
Other places of birth in Europe	835	455	375	1.8	2.0	1.7	2,940	1,455	1,490	2.1	2.1	2.1
Africa	6,275	3,265	3,010	13.9	14.5	13.3	16,080	8,440	7,640	11.7	12.4	11.0
Algeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	220	110	110	0.5	0.5	0.5	665	335	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Egypt	345	175	170	0.8	0.8	0.7	805	415	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Eritrea	425	220	205	0.9	1.0	0.9	1,025	535	490	0.7	0.8	0.7
Ethiopia	320	130	195	0.7	0.6	0.9	775	380	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
Morocco	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0	190	110	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	2,230	1,165	1,065	4.9	5.2	4.7	5,030	2,620	2,410	3.7	3.9	3.5
Somalia	345	165	180	0.8	0.7	0.8	485	240	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	325	190	140	0.7	0.8	0.6	2,075	1,070	1,005	1.5	1.6	1.4
Other places of birth in Africa	2,020	1,085	930	4.5	4.8	4.1	5,010	2,720	2,290	3.6	4.0	3.3
Asia	29,845	14,735	15,110	66.0	65.5	66.5	86,515	42,500	44,015	62.9	62.6	63.1
Afghanistan	260	125	135	0.6	0.6	0.6	465	230	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	250	155	100	0.6	0.7	0.4	1,040	570	470	0.8	0.8	0.7
Iraq	195	95	90	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,440	740	700	1.0	1.1	1.0
Lebanon	75	55	15	0.2	0.2	0.1	220	155	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	640	290	355	1.4	1.3	1.6	1,405	665	740	1.0	1.0	1.1
Turkey	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2	280	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	2,905	1,360	1,550	6.4	6.0	6.8	8,650	4,065	4,585	6.3	6.0	6.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	255	125	130	0.6	0.6	0.6	840	415	420	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	395	185	210	0.9	0.8	0.9	1,110	560	550	0.8	0.8	0.8
Taiwan	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	9,835	4,720	5,120	21.8	21.0	22.5	35,960	17,025	18,930	26.1	25.1	27.2
Viet Nam	1,410	640	775	3.1	2.8	3.4	3,245	1,555	1,690	2.4	2.3	2.4
Bangladesh	1,240	665	580	2.7	3.0	2.6	3,235	1,720	1,515	2.4	2.5	2.2
India	7,380	3,820	3,560	16.3	17.0	15.7	15,660	8,165	7,495	11.4	12.0	10.8
Pakistan	2,640	1,335	1,305	5.8	5.9	5.7	7,110	3,630	3,480	5.2	5.3	5.0
Sri Lanka	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1	435	220	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	2,155	1,070	1,085	4.8	4.8	4.8	5,245	2,555	2,695	3.8	3.8	3.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	145	55	85	0.3	0.2	0.4	725	350	380	0.5	0.5	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	14,915	7,405	7,510	100.0	100.0	100.0	43,115	21,470	21,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	800	405	390	5.4	5.5	5.2	2,830	1,420	1,410	6.6	6.6	6.5
Brazil	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.3	170	95	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Colombia	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	240	135	110	1.6	1.8	1.5	560	295	265	1.3	1.4	1.2
Mexico	100	50	45	0.7	0.7	0.6	560	315	250	1.3	1.5	1.2
United States of America	265	110	155	1.8	1.5	2.1	990	465	520	2.3	2.2	2.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2	70	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other places of birth in Americas	110	60	45	0.7	0.8	0.6	385	190	195	0.9	0.9	0.9
Europe	770	450	315	5.2	6.1	4.2	2,695	1,435	1,260	6.3	6.7	5.8
France	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1	65	30	30	0.2	0.1	0.1
Germany	30	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	60	40	20	0.4	0.5	0.3	180	110	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
Italy	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3	100	35	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	160	75	85	1.1	1.0	1.1	755	340	415	1.8	1.6	1.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	165	105	55	1.1	1.4	0.7	590	385	200	1.4	1.8	0.9
Other places of birth in Europe	295	185	105	2.0	2.5	1.4	855	465	395	2.0	2.2	1.8
Africa	2,760	1,430	1,330	18.5	19.3	17.7	7,520	3,960	3,560	17.4	18.4	16.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1	90	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cameroon	25	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2	290	150	140	0.7	0.7	0.6
Côte d'Ivoire	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egypt	165	80	85	1.1	1.1	1.1	390	195	195	0.9	0.9	0.9
Eritrea	215	105	110	1.4	1.4	1.5	595	310	285	1.4	1.4	1.3
Ethiopia	95	30	60	0.6	0.4	0.8	315	175	140	0.7	0.8	0.6
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	1,410	760	650	9.5	10.3	8.7	3,305	1,765	1,545	7.7	8.2	7.1
Somalia	75	35	40	0.5	0.5	0.5	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	90	55	30	0.6	0.7	0.4	775	390	385	1.8	1.8	1.8
Sudan⁹⁷	110	55	55	0.7	0.7	0.7	300	155	140	0.7	0.7	0.6
Tunisia	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	470	230	235	3.2	3.1	3.1	1,110	585	525	2.6	2.7	2.4
Asia	10,565	5,110	5,450	70.8	69.0	72.6	29,880	14,550	15,325	69.3	67.8	70.8
Afghanistan	105	40	65	0.7	0.5	0.9	140	50	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bangladesh	490	245	250	3.3	3.3	3.3	1,220	615	610	2.8	2.9	2.8
China⁹⁰	1,215	605	610	8.1	8.2	8.1	3,690	1,775	1,910	8.6	8.3	8.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2	140	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
India	3,970	1,970	2,000	26.6	26.6	26.6	7,940	4,055	3,885	18.4	18.9	17.9
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3	335	180	155	0.8	0.8	0.7
Iraq	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3	305	155	150	0.7	0.7	0.7
Israel	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japan	15	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.3	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jordan	60	35	30	0.4	0.5	0.4	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	85	30	50	0.6	0.4	0.7	275	135	140	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanon	40	30	10	0.3	0.4	0.1	75	60	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	75	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pakistan	785	400	385	5.3	5.4	5.1	1,685	820	860	3.9	3.8	4.0
Philippines	2,320	1,085	1,235	15.6	14.7	16.4	10,460	4,875	5,585	24.3	22.7	25.8
Saudi Arabia	135	75	65	0.9	1.0	0.9	285	125	160	0.7	0.6	0.7
Sri Lanka	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	555	260	300	3.7	3.5	4.0	1,245	600	645	2.9	2.8	3.0
Turkey	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3	75	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
United Arab Emirates	55	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.5	195	90	105	0.5	0.4	0.5
Viet Nam	320	130	190	2.1	1.8	2.5	865	440	420	2.0	2.0	1.9
Other places of birth in Asia	220	110	110	1.5	1.5	1.5	550	260	290	1.3	1.2	1.3
Oceania and other⁹³	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3	195	100	95	0.5	0.5	0.4
Australia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1	95	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	223,070	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	52,445	26,425	26,015	23.5	24.0	23.0	158,540	79,230	79,310	14.4	14.4	14.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,220	14,020	15,205	13.1	12.7	13.4	121,675	59,265	62,410	11.0	10.8	11.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	141,410	69,530	71,880	63.4	63.2	63.6	822,985	411,000	411,980	74.6	74.8	74.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	41,390	20,605	20,780	100.0	100.0	100.0	124,835	61,875	62,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	28,700	14,780	13,920	69.3	71.7	67.0	88,545	45,370	43,185	70.9	73.3	68.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	11,780	7,470	4,305	28.5	36.3	20.7	34,820	22,465	12,355	27.9	36.3	19.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	16,925	7,310	9,615	40.9	35.5	46.3	53,725	22,900	30,825	43.0	37.0	49.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,330	3,050	4,280	17.7	14.8	20.6	21,620	8,700	12,920	17.3	14.1	20.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,280	2,740	2,540	12.8	13.3	12.2	14,405	7,675	6,725	11.5	12.4	10.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	80	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	41,390	20,605	20,780	100.0	100.0	100.0	124,835	61,875	62,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	545	315	235	1.3	1.5	1.1	1,885	1,155	735	1.5	1.9	1.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,905	2,655	2,250	11.9	12.9	10.8	20,335	10,710	9,620	16.3	17.3	15.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,255	680	580	3.0	3.3	2.8	4,170	2,185	1,985	3.3	3.5	3.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,605	2,150	1,450	8.7	10.4	7.0	7,770	4,580	3,190	6.2	7.4	5.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	180	80	95	0.4	0.4	0.5	600	230	370	0.5	0.4	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	30,895	14,730	16,170	74.6	71.5	77.8	90,090	43,025	47,065	72.2	69.5	74.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	223,070	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	57,340	28,975	28,370	25.7	26.3	25.1	159,365	80,495	78,870	14.4	14.6	14.2
South Asian	19,200	10,035	9,165	8.6	9.1	8.1	44,720	23,875	20,845	4.1	4.3	3.8
Chinese	5,880	2,970	2,915	2.6	2.7	2.6	18,010	8,850	9,155	1.6	1.6	1.7
Black	9,820	5,040	4,785	4.4	4.6	4.2	22,570	11,715	10,855	2.0	2.1	2.0
Filipino	11,995	5,750	6,240	5.4	5.2	5.5	43,755	21,015	22,745	4.0	3.8	4.1
Arab	1,995	1,040	960	0.9	0.9	0.8	5,575	2,920	2,655	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latin American	1,410	690	720	0.6	0.6	0.6	5,680	2,740	2,945	0.5	0.5	0.5
Southeast Asian	3,530	1,735	1,800	1.6	1.6	1.6	8,540	4,265	4,275	0.8	0.8	0.8
West Asian	925	495	430	0.4	0.5	0.4	2,830	1,445	1,380	0.3	0.3	0.2
Korean	605	275	330	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,850	885	955	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	275	120	155	0.1	0.1	0.1	830	360	475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	380	175	210	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,275	565	715	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	1,320	655	660	0.6	0.6	0.6	3,725	1,845	1,875	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	165,730	81,000	84,730	74.3	73.7	74.9	943,840	469,000	474,835	85.6	85.4	85.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	223,075	109,975	113,095	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	18,775	9,460	9,325	8.4	8.6	8.2	107,095	54,965	52,130	9.7	10.0	9.4
English	41,185	20,070	21,115	18.5	18.2	18.7	219,665	107,240	112,420	19.9	19.5	20.3
Irish	29,090	13,795	15,295	13.0	12.5	13.5	145,415	69,495	75,920	13.2	12.6	13.7
Scottish	34,185	16,635	17,550	15.3	15.1	15.5	175,590	85,595	89,995	15.9	15.6	16.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	18,565	9,015	9,550	8.3	8.2	8.4	108,355	52,690	55,665	9.8	9.6	10.1
German	55,470	26,925	28,545	24.9	24.5	25.2	272,475	134,060	138,420	24.7	24.4	25.0
Chinese	6,350	3,160	3,190	2.8	2.9	2.8	19,965	9,660	10,305	1.8	1.8	1.9
Italian	3,005	1,445	1,560	1.3	1.3	1.4	10,830	5,335	5,500	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indian (India)	9,420	4,985	4,430	4.2	4.5	3.9	20,755	11,165	9,590	1.9	2.0	1.7
Ukrainian	25,760	12,385	13,370	11.5	11.3	11.8	138,705	67,645	71,060	12.6	12.3	12.8
Dutch	4,735	2,275	2,460	2.1	2.1	2.2	29,410	14,540	14,870	2.7	2.6	2.7
Polish	11,270	5,345	5,925	5.1	4.9	5.2	55,605	26,820	28,780	5.0	4.9	5.2
Québécois	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	705	355	345	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,060	2,530	2,535	2.3	2.3	2.2	21,650	10,960	10,690	2.0	2.0	1.9
Filipino	10,810	5,215	5,600	4.8	4.7	5.0	40,160	19,305	20,860	3.6	3.5	3.8
French Canadian	1,015	540	470	0.5	0.5	0.4	5,465	2,695	2,765	0.5	0.5	0.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,960	1,580	1,385	1.3	1.4	1.2	13,375	7,020	6,360	1.2	1.3	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	8,090	3,890	4,205	3.6	3.5	3.7	50,770	24,635	26,135	4.6	4.5	4.7
Métis	7,915	3,775	4,140	3.5	3.4	3.7	56,060	27,275	28,785	5.1	5.0	5.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,295	1,195	1,100	1.0	1.1	1.0	11,985	6,340	5,645	1.1	1.2	1.0
Russian	6,060	2,930	3,130	2.7	2.7	2.8	35,920	17,415	18,505	3.3	3.2	3.3
Norwegian	9,695	4,615	5,085	4.3	4.2	4.5	70,215	33,925	36,285	6.4	6.2	6.6
Welsh	3,695	1,815	1,880	1.7	1.7	1.7	17,605	8,415	9,190	1.6	1.5	1.7
Portuguese	440	220	220	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,760	830	930	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	2,240	1,165	1,075	1.0	1.1	1.0	12,675	6,435	6,235	1.1	1.2	1.1
Spanish	1,605	690	915	0.7	0.6	0.8	5,670	2,555	3,115	0.5	0.5	0.6
Swedish	5,075	2,390	2,685	2.3	2.2	2.4	31,965	15,285	16,675	2.9	2.8	3.0
Hungarian	8,225	4,050	4,170	3.7	3.7	3.7	28,495	14,095	14,400	2.6	2.6	2.6
Acadian	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	935	485	450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	2,905	1,480	1,425	1.3	1.3	1.3	7,640	3,995	3,645	0.7	0.7	0.7
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,725	905	820	0.8	0.8	0.7	4,065	2,110	1,950	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	750	400	355	0.3	0.4	0.3	2,420	1,230	1,190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	1,880	990	890	0.8	0.9	0.8	4,115	2,215	1,905	0.4	0.4	0.3
Vietnamese	2,055	1,015	1,040	0.9	0.9	0.9	4,730	2,340	2,390	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	995	530	465	0.4	0.5	0.4	2,155	1,185	970	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	1,275	680	590	0.6	0.6	0.5	3,075	1,530	1,540	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	965	440	525	0.4	0.4	0.5	2,225	1,080	1,150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,120	1,045	1,075	1.0	1.0	1.0	5,860	2,875	2,985	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	4,185	1,935	2,250	1.9	1.8	2.0	46,340	22,465	23,875	4.2	4.1	4.3
Korean	615	285	325	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,950	945	1,010	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	4,560	2,215	2,345	2.0	2.0	2.1	12,415	5,995	6,415	1.1	1.1	1.2
Lebanese	295	150	150	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,240	690	550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	410	230	180	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,315	700	610	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	540	290	255	0.2	0.3	0.2	3,145	1,625	1,520	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	2,060	955	1,105	0.9	0.9	1.0	10,585	5,110	5,480	1.0	0.9	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,060	940	1,120	0.9	0.9	1.0	12,300	5,895	6,405	1.1	1.1	1.2
Sikh	1,170	645	530	0.5	0.6	0.5	2,530	1,340	1,195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austrian	5,890	2,860	3,030	2.6	2.6	2.7	17,690	8,785	8,900	1.6	1.6	1.6
Belgian	1,595	825	770	0.7	0.8	0.7	9,340	4,790	4,550	0.8	0.9	0.8
Haitian	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	100	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	1,330	690	640	0.6	0.6	0.6	3,220	1,785	1,435	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexican	570	300	275	0.3	0.3	0.2	2,620	1,300	1,320	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	745	365	380	0.3	0.3	0.3	11,150	5,560	5,590	1.0	1.0	1.0
Swiss	780	400	375	0.3	0.4	0.3	4,555	2,255	2,295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	820	375	450	0.4	0.3	0.4	5,180	2,435	2,745	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sri Lankan	100	60	40	0.0	0.1	0.0	465	220	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	620	320	300	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,460	1,295	1,170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	365	145	215	0.2	0.1	0.2	1,295	590	710	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	425	210	215	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,195	610	585	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	125	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	680	310	370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,180	625	555	0.5	0.6	0.5	6,025	3,180	2,845	0.5	0.6	0.5
Muslim	620	330	285	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,780	955	825	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egyptian	400	215	185	0.2	0.2	0.2	995	505	490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	185	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	860	425	435	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.0	285	145	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	1,290	545	745	0.6	0.5	0.7	8,345	3,915	4,425	0.8	0.7	0.8
Colombian	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	735	350	385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	125	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	1,035	500	530	0.5	0.5	0.5	5,290	2,545	2,740	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	475	200	270	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,140	540	605	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	125	45	75	0.1	0.0	0.1	325	130	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	460	240	225	0.2	0.2	0.2	890	465	425	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	205	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	730	385	345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	460	220	245	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,325	675	645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	425	185	240	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,060	1,000	1,055	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	80	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	295	260	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	350	175	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	205	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	170	100	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	510	290	220	0.0	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	385	185	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	225	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	695	375	320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	200	70	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	690	300	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	1,235	635	600	0.6	0.6	0.5	3,230	1,740	1,490	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algerian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	200	105	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	755	345	410	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	1,430	775	655	0.6	0.7	0.6	2,845	1,495	1,350	0.3	0.3	0.2
Armenian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	110	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	345	210	135	0.2	0.2	0.1	1,525	805	720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	405	175	225	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,605	755	845	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somali	665	290	375	0.3	0.3	0.3	870	400	475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	65	50	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	125	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	165	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,250	635	615	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	735	330	405	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	165	95	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	315	165	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	365	180	190	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,285	645	645	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	235	110	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	645	315	335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	275	150	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	150	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	80	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	245	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	895	445	460	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	270	160	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,895	975	920	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	240	125	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	980	520	455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	300	185	115	0.1	0.2	0.1	1,035	535	500	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	135	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.0	640	360	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	110	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	350	165	185	0.2	0.2	0.2	690	330	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115	40	70	0.1	0.0	0.1	505	285	220	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	105	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	1,145	595	550	0.5	0.5	0.5	2,725	1,430	1,295	0.2	0.3	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	160	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	195	115	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	405	210	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	70	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	115	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	490	225	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	185	100	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	615	320	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	60	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	485	240	240	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,065	625	450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	640	340	305	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,235	650	585	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	315	170	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	95	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	170	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	450	190	260	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,210	990	1,220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	145	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	125	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	235	105	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	555	265	295	0.1	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	95	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	250	130	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	840	455	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	175	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	745	325	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	110	45	70	0.0	0.0	0.1	580	295	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	105	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	220	105	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	535	240	290	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	180	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	450	225	225	0.2	0.2	0.2	895	445	450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	100	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	160	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	80	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	165	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	340	195	150	0.2	0.2	0.1	660	355	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	405	205	200	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,105	595	510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	100	55	45	0.0	0.1	0.0	405	220	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	255	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	45	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	115	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	65	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	65	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	110	60	40	0.0	0.1	0.0	290	145	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	170	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	185	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	595	260	330	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	100	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	285	155	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	775	400	370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	125	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	595	320	280	0.3	0.3	0.2	1,170	615	555	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	110	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,775	3,245	3,530	0.6	0.6	0.6
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	430	225	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	400	200	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	125	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	65	45	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	260	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	245	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	720	360	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	755	320	440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	565	250	315	0.3	0.2	0.3	9,465	4,730	4,745	0.9	0.9	0.9
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	1,300	625	675	0.6	0.6	0.6	6,020	2,990	3,025	0.5	0.5	0.5
Buddhist	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	115	40	75	0.1	0.0	0.1	220	95	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	1,360	610	750	0.6	0.6	0.7	6,970	3,370	3,600	0.6	0.6	0.7
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	100	55	55	0.0	0.1	0.0	515	225	290	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burundian	105	55	55	0.0	0.1	0.0	265	150	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	445	235	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	150	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	75	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	150	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	115	50	60	0.1	0.0	0.1	295	160	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	55	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	55	45	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	60	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	165	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	210	105	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	190	105	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	340	190	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	215	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	65	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	290	275	0.1	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	170	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.0	280	140	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	135	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	210	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	435	245	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	100	60	45	0.0	0.1	0.0	190	95	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	110	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	95	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	50	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	715	325	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,420	2,130	2,285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	110	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	485	250	235	0.2	0.2	0.2	925	465	460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	70	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,205	549,495	553,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,790	850	935	0.8	0.8	0.8	4,410	2,085	2,330	0.4	0.4	0.4
Christian	117,905	54,955	62,955	52.9	50.0	55.7	621,250	294,000	327,255	56.3	53.5	59.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	17,455	8,435	9,020	7.8	7.7	8.0	93,135	45,790	47,340	8.4	8.3	8.5
Anabaptist	470	195	275	0.2	0.2	0.2	11,620	5,605	6,025	1.1	1.0	1.1
Anglican	4,645	2,075	2,565	2.1	1.9	2.3	36,415	17,085	19,330	3.3	3.1	3.5
Baptist	2,835	1,320	1,515	1.3	1.2	1.3	12,150	5,715	6,435	1.1	1.0	1.2
Catholic	53,990	25,615	28,375	24.2	23.3	25.1	265,530	127,030	138,505	24.1	23.1	25.0
Christian Orthodox	3,745	1,870	1,880	1.7	1.7	1.7	13,320	6,610	6,710	1.2	1.2	1.2
Jehovah's Witness	915	425	495	0.4	0.4	0.4	4,530	1,960	2,570	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	520	280	245	0.2	0.3	0.2	2,060	995	1,065	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	10,855	4,935	5,915	4.9	4.5	5.2	46,980	21,930	25,050	4.3	4.0	4.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	355	155	200	0.2	0.1	0.2	2,275	1,040	1,235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	3,085	1,425	1,660	1.4	1.3	1.5	15,255	7,090	8,165	1.4	1.3	1.5
Presbyterian	920	425	500	0.4	0.4	0.4	4,155	1,920	2,235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Reformed	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	625	310	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	12,900	5,400	7,500	5.8	4.9	6.6	81,465	36,190	45,275	7.4	6.6	8.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	5,080	2,330	2,750	2.3	2.1	2.4	31,740	14,740	17,000	2.9	2.7	3.1
Hindu	6,565	3,480	3,085	2.9	3.2	2.7	14,150	7,865	6,285	1.3	1.4	1.1
Jewish	365	210	155	0.2	0.2	0.1	1,105	570	535	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	10,360	5,225	5,135	4.6	4.8	4.5	25,455	13,285	12,165	2.3	2.4	2.2
Sikh	4,305	2,245	2,065	1.9	2.0	1.8	9,040	4,715	4,320	0.8	0.9	0.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,210	470	740	0.5	0.4	0.7	16,300	7,830	8,465	1.5	1.4	1.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,555	695	855	0.7	0.6	0.8	7,540	3,240	4,295	0.7	0.6	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	79,020	41,845	37,180	35.4	38.0	32.9	403,960	215,895	188,060	36.6	39.3	34.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	220,495	108,695	111,805	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,090,215	542,725	547,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	187,225	92,215	95,015	84.9	84.8	85.0	952,690	475,060	477,630	87.4	87.5	87.2
Movers	33,270	16,480	16,790	15.1	15.2	15.0	137,525	67,660	69,860	12.6	12.5	12.8
Non-migrants	25,200	12,385	12,815	11.4	11.4	11.5	87,445	43,195	44,250	8.0	8.0	8.1
Migrants	8,070	4,095	3,975	3.7	3.8	3.6	50,080	24,470	25,605	4.6	4.5	4.7
Internal migrants	5,610	2,825	2,780	2.5	2.6	2.5	43,570	21,240	22,325	4.0	3.9	4.1
Intraprovincial migrants	3,400	1,655	1,740	1.5	1.5	1.6	31,135	14,955	16,180	2.9	2.8	3.0
Interprovincial migrants	2,210	1,170	1,040	1.0	1.1	0.9	12,435	6,290	6,145	1.1	1.2	1.1
External migrants	2,460	1,265	1,195	1.1	1.2	1.1	6,510	3,230	3,280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	209,595	103,240	106,360	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,034,525	514,365	520,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	121,160	59,805	61,355	57.8	57.9	57.7	640,040	320,125	319,920	61.9	62.2	61.5
Movers	88,435	43,435	45,000	42.2	42.1	42.3	394,480	194,240	200,240	38.1	37.8	38.5
Non-migrants	54,195	26,625	27,570	25.9	25.8	25.9	180,065	88,355	91,715	17.4	17.2	17.6
Migrants	34,235	16,810	17,430	16.3	16.3	16.4	214,415	105,890	108,525	20.7	20.6	20.9
Internal migrants	19,720	9,515	10,205	9.4	9.2	9.6	172,905	84,895	88,015	16.7	16.5	16.9
Intraprovincial migrants	13,090	6,225	6,865	6.2	6.0	6.5	134,460	65,855	68,605	13.0	12.8	13.2
Interprovincial migrants	6,630	3,295	3,340	3.2	3.2	3.1	38,445	19,040	19,410	3.7	3.7	3.7
External migrants	14,520	7,295	7,225	6.9	7.1	6.8	41,505	20,995	20,510	4.0	4.1	3.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	180,515	88,270	92,240	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	27,155	14,615	12,540	15.0	16.6	13.6	177,330	101,135	76,195	20.1	23.2	17.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	153,355	73,655	79,700	85.0	83.4	86.4	705,430	335,375	370,050	79.9	76.8	82.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	120,045	59,425	60,620	100.0	100.0	100.0	566,615	281,370	285,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,580	6,300	4,280	8.8	10.6	7.1	70,485	43,935	26,555	12.4	15.6	9.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	109,465	53,130	56,340	91.2	89.4	92.9	496,130	237,440	258,690	87.6	84.4	90.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	180,515	88,270	92,245	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	24,650	12,890	11,760	13.7	14.6	12.7	159,815	89,275	70,540	18.1	20.5	15.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	56,800	28,460	28,345	31.5	32.2	30.7	284,345	146,000	138,345	32.2	33.4	31.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	99,065	46,920	52,145	54.9	53.2	56.5	438,600	201,240	237,360	49.7	46.1	53.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	47,895	23,550	24,345	26.5	26.7	26.4	257,350	123,755	133,590	29.2	28.4	29.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,370	10,330	4,040	8.0	11.7	4.4	84,485	61,685	22,800	9.6	14.1	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,955	3,290	2,665	3.3	3.7	2.9	32,710	18,090	14,620	3.7	4.1	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,415	7,045	1,370	4.7	8.0	1.5	51,775	43,590	8,180	5.9	10.0	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,860	10,200	15,665	14.3	11.6	17.0	143,610	50,720	92,890	16.3	11.6	20.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,660	3,015	4,650	4.2	3.4	5.0	29,260	11,355	17,905	3.3	2.6	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	51,170	23,370	27,795	28.3	26.5	30.1	181,255	77,485	103,770	20.5	17.8	23.3
Bachelor's degree	35,810	16,030	19,780	19.8	18.2	21.4	130,060	53,265	76,785	14.7	12.2	17.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,550	1,180	1,370	1.4	1.3	1.5	8,890	3,790	5,095	1.0	0.9	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,325	635	690	0.7	0.7	0.7	5,205	2,680	2,525	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	10,055	4,670	5,385	5.6	5.3	5.8	31,315	14,210	17,105	3.5	3.3	3.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,430	855	575	0.8	1.0	0.6	5,790	3,535	2,255	0.7	0.8	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	120,045	59,425	60,615	100.0	100.0	100.0	566,615	281,370	285,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,250	5,345	3,910	7.7	9.0	6.5	61,380	37,625	23,755	10.8	13.4	8.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	33,385	17,465	15,920	27.8	29.4	26.3	171,565	91,440	80,125	30.3	32.5	28.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	77,405	36,615	40,795	64.5	61.6	67.3	333,670	152,305	181,370	58.9	54.1	63.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,120	17,640	17,480	29.3	29.7	28.8	187,510	91,760	95,745	33.1	32.6	33.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,760	7,830	2,925	9.0	13.2	4.8	61,810	45,770	16,040	10.9	16.3	5.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,360	2,470	1,890	3.6	4.2	3.1	23,150	13,115	10,035	4.1	4.7	3.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,405	5,360	1,040	5.3	9.0	1.7	38,660	32,655	6,005	6.8	11.6	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,340	7,780	11,560	16.1	13.1	19.1	106,680	38,240	68,435	18.8	13.6	24.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,020	2,025	2,995	4.2	3.4	4.9	19,025	7,755	11,270	3.4	2.8	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	42,290	18,980	23,310	35.2	31.9	38.5	146,160	60,540	85,620	25.8	21.5	30.0
Bachelor's degree	29,285	12,985	16,300	24.4	21.9	26.9	103,950	41,590	62,355	18.3	14.8	21.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,060	940	1,115	1.7	1.6	1.8	6,745	2,720	4,025	1.2	1.0	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,135	495	640	0.9	0.8	1.1	4,300	1,995	2,305	0.8	0.7	0.8
Master's degree	8,730	3,935	4,795	7.3	6.6	7.9	26,715	11,665	15,045	4.7	4.1	5.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,080	620	460	0.9	1.0	0.8	4,455	2,570	1,885	0.8	0.9	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	180,515	88,270	92,245	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	81,450	41,350	40,100	45.1	46.8	43.5	444,160	235,270	208,885	50.3	53.9	46.8
Education	7,905	2,060	5,845	4.4	2.3	6.3	41,855	10,430	31,430	4.7	2.4	7.0
13. Education	7,905	2,060	5,845	4.4	2.3	6.3	41,855	10,430	31,430	4.7	2.4	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,565	1,175	1,395	1.4	1.3	1.5	8,250	3,400	4,850	0.9	0.8	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	375	255	120	0.2	0.3	0.1	1,135	805	330	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,195	920	1,275	1.2	1.0	1.4	7,115	2,595	4,520	0.8	0.6	1.0
Humanities	4,645	1,810	2,835	2.6	2.1	3.1	16,710	7,370	9,340	1.9	1.7	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	375	95	280	0.2	0.1	0.3	1,080	310	770	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	1,130	345	785	0.6	0.4	0.9	3,555	1,180	2,380	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,285	425	860	0.7	0.5	0.9	3,575	1,315	2,260	0.4	0.3	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	315	100	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	365	175	190	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,355	740	610	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	710	410	300	0.4	0.5	0.3	4,520	2,525	1,995	0.5	0.6	0.4
54. History	610	325	285	0.3	0.4	0.3	2,015	1,150	870	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	10	75	0.0	0.0	0.1	290	45	250	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,225	3,530	5,695	5.1	4.0	6.2	33,210	10,740	22,470	3.8	2.5	5.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	180	40	140	0.1	0.0	0.2	830	210	625	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,095	505	590	0.6	0.6	0.6	2,930	1,320	1,615	0.3	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,295	100	1,195	0.7	0.1	1.3	7,185	500	6,685	0.8	0.1	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	1,415	690	720	0.8	0.8	0.8	5,120	1,925	3,190	0.6	0.4	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	590	225	370	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,925	555	1,370	1.1	0.6	1.5	6,215	1,630	4,590	0.7	0.4	1.0
45. Social sciences	3,145	1,565	1,580	1.7	1.8	1.7	10,330	4,935	5,395	1.2	1.1	1.2
Business, management and public administration	24,945	9,745	15,200	13.8	11.0	16.5	92,220	29,255	62,965	10.4	6.7	14.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	45	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,245	630	1,615	1.2	0.7	1.8	9,905	2,070	7,835	1.1	0.5	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	22,670	9,105	13,565	12.6	10.3	14.7	82,150	27,140	55,010	9.3	6.2	12.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,065	1,485	1,580	1.7	1.7	1.7	13,015	6,260	6,750	1.5	1.4	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,215	535	680	0.7	0.6	0.7	6,320	2,775	3,545	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	645	270	370	0.4	0.3	0.4	1,960	830	1,125	0.2	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	35	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	970	605	365	0.5	0.7	0.4	3,390	2,190	1,205	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	190	55	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,195	435	760	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,390	3,565	1,825	3.0	4.0	2.0	14,360	9,055	5,305	1.6	2.1	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,560	3,200	1,360	2.5	3.6	1.5	11,735	8,025	3,710	1.3	1.8	0.8
25. Library science	205	45	165	0.1	0.1	0.2	950	120	825	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	545	280	265	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,435	765	675	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	80	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0	235	145	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	19,420	17,495	1,930	10.8	19.8	2.1	94,645	87,115	7,530	10.7	20.0	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	510	325	190	0.3	0.4	0.2	1,710	1,050	660	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	5,200	4,190	1,010	2.9	4.7	1.1	15,975	13,055	2,920	1.8	3.0	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,945	3,545	400	2.2	4.0	0.4	18,400	16,330	2,075	2.1	3.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,730	4,600	130	2.6	5.2	0.1	24,630	23,810	820	2.8	5.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,065	3,005	55	1.7	3.4	0.1	21,790	21,240	550	2.5	4.9	0.1
48. Precision production	1,970	1,825	145	1.1	2.1	0.2	12,130	11,630	500	1.4	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,690	1,015	675	0.9	1.1	0.7	18,995	12,340	6,650	2.2	2.8	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,275	735	540	0.7	0.8	0.6	15,775	10,225	5,550	1.8	2.3	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	410	275	135	0.2	0.3	0.1	3,220	2,120	1,100	0.4	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	15,520	3,105	12,415	8.6	3.5	13.5	77,105	13,095	64,015	8.7	3.0	14.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,135	575	565	0.6	0.7	0.6	4,765	2,240	2,525	0.5	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	13,955	2,310	11,645	7.7	2.6	12.6	70,660	9,930	60,730	8.0	2.3	13.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	395	205	190	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,535	860	675	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,685	1,940	2,745	2.6	2.2	3.0	28,170	12,145	16,030	3.2	2.8	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,000	670	2,325	1.7	0.8	2.5	17,195	3,335	13,860	1.9	0.8	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	95	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,055	685	370	0.6	0.8	0.4	5,415	3,655	1,760	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	615	570	40	0.3	0.6	0.0	5,425	5,035	390	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	120,045	59,425	60,620	100.0	100.0	100.0	566,615	281,375	285,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,635	22,815	19,825	35.5	38.4	32.7	232,940	129,065	103,875	41.1	45.9	36.4
Education	5,340	1,335	4,005	4.4	2.2	6.6	27,555	6,340	21,215	4.9	2.3	7.4
13. Education	5,340	1,335	4,005	4.4	2.2	6.6	27,555	6,340	21,215	4.9	2.3	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,060	945	1,120	1.7	1.6	1.8	6,520	2,715	3,800	1.2	1.0	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	270	190	80	0.2	0.3	0.1	775	565	210	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,790	750	1,040	1.5	1.3	1.7	5,740	2,150	3,590	1.0	0.8	1.3
Humanities	3,460	1,325	2,130	2.9	2.2	3.5	12,145	5,295	6,850	2.1	1.9	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	280	75	200	0.2	0.1	0.3	825	250	575	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	870	270	595	0.7	0.5	1.0	2,665	875	1,790	0.5	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,015	345	670	0.8	0.6	1.1	2,815	1,065	1,755	0.5	0.4	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1	220	75	150	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	270	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.3	1,010	515	500	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	460	280	185	0.4	0.5	0.3	2,930	1,695	1,235	0.5	0.6	0.4
54. History	450	220	230	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,490	810	680	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	0	55	0.0	0.0	0.1	190	20	170	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,510	2,780	4,730	6.3	4.7	7.8	26,915	8,320	18,600	4.8	3.0	6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	165	35	130	0.1	0.1	0.2	725	170	550	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	960	465	490	0.8	0.8	0.8	2,545	1,165	1,375	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,055	95	960	0.9	0.2	1.6	5,850	405	5,450	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	1,120	505	615	0.9	0.8	1.0	4,075	1,360	2,720	0.7	0.5	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	460	150	310	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,430	365	1,060	1.2	0.6	1.7	4,770	1,125	3,640	0.8	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	2,645	1,260	1,375	2.2	2.1	2.3	8,490	3,940	4,550	1.5	1.4	1.6
Business, management and public administration	20,160	7,790	12,370	16.8	13.1	20.4	72,350	22,735	49,615	12.8	8.1	17.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	40	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,830	475	1,355	1.5	0.8	2.2	7,740	1,425	6,315	1.4	0.5	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	18,305	7,305	11,000	15.2	12.3	18.1	64,470	21,270	43,200	11.4	7.6	15.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,445	1,140	1,300	2.0	1.9	2.1	10,095	4,775	5,315	1.8	1.7	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	960	395	565	0.8	0.7	0.9	4,900	2,080	2,825	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	500	205	300	0.4	0.3	0.5	1,530	640	890	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	30	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	795	490	310	0.7	0.8	0.5	2,740	1,720	1,020	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	45	105	0.1	0.1	0.2	795	310	485	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,530	2,970	1,565	3.8	5.0	2.6	12,025	7,645	4,375	2.1	2.7	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,930	2,730	1,200	3.3	4.6	2.0	10,205	7,005	3,195	1.8	2.5	1.1
25. Library science	155	30	120	0.1	0.1	0.2	655	65	590	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	380	175	215	0.3	0.3	0.4	980	470	510	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	190	110	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,215	13,570	1,650	12.7	22.8	2.7	72,215	65,655	6,560	12.7	23.3	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	395	225	170	0.3	0.4	0.3	1,350	785	565	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	4,375	3,485	890	3.6	5.9	1.5	13,255	10,650	2,600	2.3	3.8	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,075	2,720	350	2.6	4.6	0.6	14,385	12,545	1,845	2.5	4.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,565	3,465	100	3.0	5.8	0.2	18,380	17,710	670	3.2	6.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,310	2,270	35	1.9	3.8	0.1	15,630	15,160	470	2.8	5.4	0.2
48. Precision production	1,505	1,395	105	1.3	2.3	0.2	9,210	8,800	405	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,290	720	565	1.1	1.2	0.9	14,555	8,905	5,650	2.6	3.2	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	930	485	440	0.8	0.8	0.7	11,965	7,285	4,680	2.1	2.6	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	360	235	125	0.3	0.4	0.2	2,590	1,620	970	0.5	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	11,675	2,490	9,185	9.7	4.2	15.2	57,430	10,205	47,225	10.1	3.6	16.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	830	435	395	0.7	0.7	0.7	3,605	1,645	1,955	0.6	0.6	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,490	1,885	8,605	8.7	3.2	14.2	52,460	7,860	44,605	9.3	2.8	15.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	30	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	340	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,265	670	600	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,720	1,550	2,170	3.1	2.6	3.6	21,820	9,680	12,135	3.9	3.4	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,385	560	1,820	2.0	0.9	3.0	12,955	2,655	10,305	2.3	0.9	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	40	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	835	530	305	0.7	0.9	0.5	4,425	2,915	1,505	0.8	1.0	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	505	465	35	0.4	0.8	0.1	4,360	4,050	310	0.8	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	120,045	59,425	60,620	100.0	100.0	100.0	566,615	281,375	285,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,635	22,815	19,825	35.5	38.4	32.7	232,940	129,065	103,875	41.1	45.9	36.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	77,410	36,615	40,790	64.5	61.6	67.3	333,675	152,305	181,370	58.9	54.1	63.6
Location of study inside Canada	59,170	27,790	31,385	49.3	46.8	51.8	277,810	125,215	152,600	49.0	44.5	53.5
Same as province or territory of residence	48,815	22,545	26,265	40.7	37.9	43.3	221,390	98,410	122,980	39.1	35.0	43.1
Different than province or territory of residence	10,355	5,235	5,120	8.6	8.8	8.4	56,420	26,805	29,615	10.0	9.5	10.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	18,235	8,830	9,410	15.2	14.9	15.5	55,865	27,090	28,775	9.9	9.6	10.1
Americas	1,745	870	870	1.5	1.5	1.4	7,105	3,490	3,615	1.3	1.2	1.3
United States of America	1,265	670	595	1.1	1.1	1.0	5,385	2,725	2,660	1.0	1.0	0.9
Mexico	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	285	130	160	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	320	130	190	0.1	0.0	0.1
Brazil	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	320	155	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	95	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	430	195	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,865	1,030	830	1.6	1.7	1.4	7,140	3,870	3,270	1.3	1.4	1.1
Belgium	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	95	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	70	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0	555	305	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	140	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	285	130	160	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	425	205	225	0.4	0.3	0.4	1,700	820	885	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	350	200	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	600	385	215	0.5	0.6	0.4	2,180	1,320	860	0.4	0.5	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	80	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	270	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2	705	365	345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	1,670	845	825	1.4	1.4	1.4	4,770	2,465	2,300	0.8	0.9	0.8
Nigeria	915	460	455	0.8	0.8	0.8	2,085	1,040	1,045	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	60	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	40	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	385	195	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,035	545	495	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	475	235	240	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,115	575	540	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	12,760	5,955	6,805	10.6	10.0	11.2	36,065	16,830	19,235	6.4	6.0	6.7
Iran⁸⁸	180	90	95	0.1	0.2	0.2	545	270	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	95	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	85	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,140	515	625	0.9	0.9	1.0	3,445	1,580	1,865	0.6	0.6	0.7
Taiwan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1	145	55	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	165	60	110	0.1	0.1	0.2	595	270	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	4,280	1,885	2,400	3.6	3.2	4.0	15,730	6,870	8,860	2.8	2.4	3.1
Viet Nam	345	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3	655	300	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	575	265	305	0.5	0.4	0.5	1,510	765	745	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sri Lanka	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	4,490	2,230	2,255	3.7	3.8	3.7	9,290	4,660	4,630	1.6	1.7	1.6
Pakistan	985	470	520	0.8	0.8	0.9	2,595	1,310	1,285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other locations of study in Asia	300	150	145	0.2	0.3	0.2	735	335	400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	200	125	75	0.2	0.2	0.1	780	430	355	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australia	170	115	55	0.1	0.2	0.1	645	365	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	180,515	88,270	92,245	...	...	...	882,760	436,515	446,245	...	...	...
In the labour force	121,685	63,155	58,530	...	...	...	577,510	303,915	273,590	...	...	...
Employed	109,630	56,600	53,035	...	...	...	528,900	277,285	251,620	...	...	...
Unemployed	12,055	6,555	5,495	...	...	...	48,605	26,640	21,970	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	58,825	25,115	33,710	...	...	...	305,250	132,595	172,660	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.4	71.5	63.5	67.4	71.5	63.5	65.4	69.6	61.3	65.4	69.6	61.3
Employment rate	60.7	64.1	57.5	60.7	64.1	57.5	59.9	63.5	56.4	59.9	63.5	56.4
Unemployment rate	9.9	10.4	9.4	9.9	10.4	9.4	8.4	8.8	8.0	8.4	8.8	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	180,515	88,270	92,245	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	60,505	26,655	33,845	33.5	30.2	36.7	312,775	138,210	174,575	35.4	31.7	39.1
Worked	120,010	61,610	58,395	66.5	69.8	63.3	569,980	298,310	271,675	64.6	68.3	60.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	68,355	37,005	31,350	37.9	41.9	34.0	313,995	176,910	137,085	35.6	40.5	30.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	51,650	24,605	27,045	28.6	27.9	29.3	255,980	121,395	134,590	29.0	27.8	30.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.7	41.5	42.1	42.7	41.5	41.7	42.2	41.1	41.7	42.2	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	121,685	63,155	58,530	100.0	100.0	100.0	577,505	303,920	273,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,515	1,890	1,625	2.9	3.0	2.8	14,000	7,290	6,715	2.4	2.4	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	118,175	61,265	56,905	97.1	97.0	97.2	563,505	296,630	266,870	97.6	97.6	97.5
Employee	105,420	53,550	51,870	86.6	84.8	88.6	469,850	237,200	232,650	81.4	78.0	85.0
Permanent position	87,510	45,135	42,370	71.9	71.5	72.4	383,850	196,385	187,470	66.5	64.6	68.5
Temporary position	17,910	8,410	9,495	14.7	13.3	16.2	86,000	40,815	45,180	14.9	13.4	16.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	5,670	2,425	3,240	4.7	3.8	5.5	24,010	9,810	14,200	4.2	3.2	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	12,245	5,990	6,255	10.1	9.5	10.7	61,985	31,005	30,985	10.7	10.2	11.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,755	7,715	5,040	10.5	12.2	8.6	93,655	59,430	34,225	16.2	19.6	12.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	121,685	63,155	58,530	100.0	100.0	100.0	577,505	303,920	273,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,515	1,890	1,625	2.9	3.0	2.8	14,000	7,290	6,715	2.4	2.4	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	118,175	61,265	56,905	97.1	97.0	97.2	563,505	296,630	266,870	97.6	97.6	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,255	805	460	1.0	1.3	0.8	5,305	3,110	2,195	0.9	1.0	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	22,435	7,285	15,150	18.4	11.5	25.9	82,325	22,340	59,985	14.3	7.4	21.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,310	7,170	2,140	7.7	11.4	3.7	30,545	23,195	7,345	5.3	7.6	2.7
3 Health occupations	10,485	2,050	8,435	8.6	3.2	14.4	49,765	8,520	41,245	8.6	2.8	15.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	15,865	5,645	10,215	13.0	8.9	17.5	71,380	22,580	48,800	12.4	7.4	17.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,845	1,270	1,575	2.3	2.0	2.7	11,145	4,145	7,000	1.9	1.4	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	31,200	14,620	16,575	25.6	23.1	28.3	133,655	57,805	75,855	23.1	19.0	27.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	19,595	18,065	1,525	16.1	28.6	2.6	105,470	96,690	8,780	18.3	31.8	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,960	1,525	425	1.6	2.4	0.7	54,755	42,350	12,405	9.5	13.9	4.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,240	2,830	405	2.7	4.5	0.7	19,165	15,900	3,265	3.3	5.2	1.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	121,685	63,155	58,530	100.0	100.0	100.0	577,505	303,920	273,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,515	1,890	1,625	2.9	3.0	2.8	14,000	7,290	6,715	2.4	2.4	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	118,175	61,265	56,905	97.1	97.0	97.2	563,505	296,630	266,870	97.6	97.6	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,150	830	325	0.9	1.3	0.6	48,750	34,620	14,130	8.4	11.4	5.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,070	895	180	0.9	1.4	0.3	18,555	16,035	2,515	3.2	5.3	0.9
22 Utilities	1,910	1,175	735	1.6	1.9	1.3	5,855	4,320	1,530	1.0	1.4	0.6
23 Construction	8,340	7,270	1,075	6.9	11.5	1.8	44,130	38,640	5,490	7.6	12.7	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	5,315	4,505	810	4.4	7.1	1.4	26,200	20,290	5,910	4.5	6.7	2.2
41 Wholesale trade	4,300	3,270	1,030	3.5	5.2	1.8	19,815	14,675	5,135	3.4	4.8	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	14,000	7,325	6,670	11.5	11.6	11.4	61,480	30,005	31,475	10.6	9.9	11.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,075	4,160	915	4.2	6.6	1.6	24,225	19,320	4,910	4.2	6.4	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	3,115	1,800	1,315	2.6	2.9	2.2	8,130	4,180	3,950	1.4	1.4	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	6,890	2,805	4,085	5.7	4.4	7.0	19,600	6,845	12,750	3.4	2.3	4.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,020	1,125	895	1.7	1.8	1.5	7,195	3,950	3,240	1.2	1.3	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,170	4,100	3,065	5.9	6.5	5.2	26,670	13,725	12,945	4.6	4.5	4.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2	785	350	440	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,350	2,555	1,795	3.6	4.0	3.1	17,545	10,140	7,405	3.0	3.3	2.7
61 Educational services	8,490	2,875	5,620	7.0	4.6	9.6	46,205	13,905	32,305	8.0	4.6	11.8
62 Health care and social assistance	17,380	3,510	13,875	14.3	5.6	23.7	80,465	14,190	66,270	13.9	4.7	24.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,295	1,180	1,110	1.9	1.9	1.9	10,150	5,090	5,060	1.8	1.7	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	7,620	3,635	3,990	6.3	5.8	6.8	32,705	14,110	18,595	5.7	4.6	6.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	5,695	2,645	3,055	4.7	4.2	5.2	25,825	12,800	13,025	4.5	4.2	4.8
91 Public administration	11,795	5,535	6,260	9.7	8.8	10.7	39,210	19,420	19,795	6.8	6.4	7.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	128,280	65,940	62,345	100.0	100.0	100.0	615,785	321,390	294,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	123,425	63,645	59,780	96.2	96.5	95.9	597,140	312,770	284,370	97.0	97.3	96.6
French	390	125	265	0.3	0.2	0.4	1,205	335	865	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	575	275	300	0.4	0.4	0.5	2,200	1,100	1,100	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	130	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	575	275	300	0.4	0.4	0.5	1,950	975	975	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	1,190	420	765	0.9	0.6	1.2	3,715	1,425	2,290	0.6	0.4	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	2,580	1,405	1,175	2.0	2.1	1.9	11,275	5,640	5,640	1.8	1.8	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	180	80	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	128,280	65,940	62,345	100.0	100.0	100.0	615,785	321,390	294,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	127,580	65,595	61,990	99.5	99.5	99.4	613,080	320,105	292,980	99.6	99.6	99.5
Official languages	126,620	65,080	61,540	98.7	98.7	98.7	608,585	317,760	290,825	98.8	98.9	98.8
English	125,900	64,880	61,020	98.1	98.4	97.9	606,550	317,230	289,325	98.5	98.7	98.3
French	725	205	515	0.6	0.3	0.8	2,035	530	1,500	0.3	0.2	0.5
Non-official languages	965	515	450	0.8	0.8	0.7	4,495	2,340	2,155	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,140	595	550	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	405	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	400	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	400	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	275	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	175	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	175	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	175	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	955	510	450	0.7	0.8	0.7	3,360	1,750	1,610	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	360	175	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	360	175	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	90	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	75	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	230	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,000	550	450	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	145	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	70	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	65	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	70	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	55	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	455	250	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	400	220	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0	240	145	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	80	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	80	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	520	300	225	0.4	0.5	0.4	1,565	820	740	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	495	285	210	0.4	0.4	0.3	1,505	795	710	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	375	215	160	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,125	580	545	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	345	190	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	695	340	360	0.5	0.5	0.6	2,710	1,290	1,420	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	390	150	250	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	550	285	260	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,290	1,140	1,155	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	128,280	65,940	62,345	100.0	100.0	100.0	615,785	321,390	294,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	124,985	64,310	60,670	97.4	97.5	97.3	603,050	315,370	287,680	97.9	98.1	97.7
English	640	275	365	0.5	0.4	0.6	2,935	1,355	1,580	0.5	0.4	0.5
French	740	295	445	0.6	0.4	0.7	2,530	1,090	1,440	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-official language	1,485	825	660	1.2	1.3	1.1	6,265	3,050	3,215	1.0	0.9	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,130	895	1,235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-Indigenous	1,455	815	635	1.1	1.2	1.0	4,140	2,155	1,980	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	45	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	330	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.3	750	420	335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	109,630	56,595	53,035	100.0	100.0	100.0	528,900	277,280	251,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	22,315	10,145	12,170	20.4	17.9	22.9	97,525	49,585	47,940	18.4	17.9	19.1
Worked outside Canada	195	155	40	0.2	0.3	0.1	755	515	235	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	12,175	9,390	2,790	11.1	16.6	5.3	71,095	54,970	16,125	13.4	19.8	6.4
Usual place of work	74,950	36,915	38,035	68.4	65.2	71.7	359,530	172,210	187,320	68.0	62.1	74.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	74,950	36,915	38,035	100.0	100.0	100.0	359,530	172,215	187,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	68,510	32,415	36,095	91.4	87.8	94.9	245,520	112,700	132,815	68.3	65.4	70.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,880	3,500	1,380	6.5	9.5	3.6	78,380	39,945	38,430	21.8	23.2	20.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,145	710	435	1.5	1.9	1.1	26,900	14,655	12,250	7.5	8.5	6.5
Commute to a different province or territory	410	285	125	0.5	0.8	0.3	8,735	4,920	3,815	2.4	2.9	2.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	87,130	46,305	40,825	100.0	100.0	100.0	430,625	227,180	203,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	78,595	42,710	35,885	90.2	92.2	87.9	389,035	208,585	180,445	90.3	91.8	88.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	72,605	40,890	31,715	83.3	88.3	77.7	364,190	199,915	164,270	84.6	88.0	80.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	5,985	1,820	4,165	6.9	3.9	10.2	24,850	8,670	16,180	5.8	3.8	8.0
Public transit	3,145	1,210	1,935	3.6	2.6	4.7	7,935	3,030	4,905	1.8	1.3	2.4
Walked	3,160	1,320	1,840	3.6	2.9	4.5	22,105	9,315	12,795	5.1	4.1	6.3
Bicycle	505	340	165	0.6	0.7	0.4	3,045	1,980	1,070	0.7	0.9	0.5
Other method	1,730	720	1,010	2.0	1.6	2.5	8,505	4,280	4,225	2.0	1.9	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	87,130	46,305	40,825	100.0	100.0	100.0	430,625	227,180	203,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	36,430	18,265	18,165	41.8	39.4	44.5	202,860	98,070	104,795	47.1	43.2	51.5
15 to 29 minutes	41,820	22,725	19,095	48.0	49.1	46.8	152,070	82,490	69,585	35.3	36.3	34.2
30 to 44 minutes	5,240	3,075	2,160	6.0	6.6	5.3	42,705	25,055	17,655	9.9	11.0	8.7
45 to 59 minutes	1,820	1,075	745	2.1	2.3	1.8	14,775	8,890	5,875	3.4	3.9	2.9
60 minutes and over	1,815	1,165	650	2.1	2.5	1.6	18,210	12,675	5,535	4.2	5.6	2.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	87,130	46,305	40,825	100.0	100.0	100.0	430,625	227,180	203,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,030	2,925	1,100	4.6	6.3	2.7	25,595	18,700	6,890	5.9	8.2	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	13,970	8,550	5,420	16.0	18.5	13.3	74,470	47,500	26,975	17.3	20.9	13.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	27,895	14,460	13,430	32.0	31.2	32.9	132,035	70,585	61,450	30.7	31.1	30.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	17,230	8,110	9,125	19.8	17.5	22.4	94,680	40,390	54,285	22.0	17.8	26.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10,260	4,605	5,655	11.8	9.9	13.9	46,065	19,245	26,815	10.7	8.5	13.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	13,745	7,655	6,090	15.8	16.5	14.9	57,780	30,760	27,015	13.4	13.5	13.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	51,095	26,135	24,950	100.0	100.0	100.0	266,595	136,825	129,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,960	2,015	1,945	7.8	7.7	7.8	15,535	7,860	7,680	5.8	5.7	5.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	47,130	24,120	23,005	92.2	92.3	92.2	251,060	128,965	122,095	94.2	94.3	94.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	36,465	18,790	17,670	100.0	100.0	100.0	192,900	99,195	93,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,030	1,555	1,475	8.3	8.3	8.3	11,720	5,965	5,760	6.1	6.0	6.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,175	1,075	1,105	6.0	5.7	6.3	7,000	3,445	3,555	3.6	3.5	3.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	855	485	375	2.3	2.6	2.1	4,720	2,515	2,205	2.4	2.5	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	33,435	17,240	16,200	91.7	91.8	91.7	181,180	93,235	87,950	93.9	94.0	93.9

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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