Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Regina, City (CY)More information: Saskatchewan [Census subdivision] Remove						CanadaMore information: [Country] Remove
	Counts			Rates			Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	226,404	...	...	...	...	...	36,991,981	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	215,106	...	...	...	...	...	35,151,728	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	99,134	...	...	...	...	...	16,284,235	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	92,129	...	...	...	...	...	14,978,941	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,266.2	...	...	1,266.2	...	...	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	178.81	...	...	...	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	226,405	111,280	115,120	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	42,660	21,770	20,885	18.8	19.6	18.1	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285	16.3	16.9	15.6
0 to 4 years	13,555	6,805	6,750	6.0	6.1	5.9	1,831,195	938,790	892,405	5.0	5.2	4.8
5 to 9 years	14,730	7,460	7,270	6.5	6.7	6.3	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655	5.6	5.8	5.3
10 to 14 years	14,370	7,505	6,865	6.3	6.7	6.0	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225	5.7	6.0	5.5
15 to 64 years	148,560	74,100	74,460	65.6	66.6	64.7	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710	64.8	65.4	64.2
15 to 19 years	12,945	6,685	6,265	5.7	6.0	5.4	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240	5.4	5.7	5.2
20 to 24 years	14,915	7,735	7,190	6.6	7.0	6.2	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430	6.0	6.2	5.7
25 to 29 years	15,475	7,675	7,800	6.8	6.9	6.8	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370	6.5	6.7	6.4
30 to 34 years	17,510	8,615	8,895	7.7	7.7	7.7	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040	6.8	6.9	6.7
35 to 39 years	17,945	8,930	9,010	7.9	8.0	7.8	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835	6.8	6.8	6.8
40 to 44 years	16,170	8,140	8,025	7.1	7.3	7.0	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530	6.5	6.5	6.5
45 to 49 years	13,715	6,800	6,915	6.1	6.1	6.0	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985	6.2	6.2	6.3
50 to 54 years	12,510	6,260	6,250	5.5	5.6	5.4	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685	6.4	6.4	6.4
55 to 59 years	13,910	6,715	7,190	6.1	6.0	6.2	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350	7.2	7.1	7.2
60 to 64 years	13,460	6,540	6,920	5.9	5.9	6.0	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245	7.0	6.9	7.0
65 years and over	35,185	15,415	19,775	15.5	13.9	17.2	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750	19.0	17.7	20.2
65 to 69 years	11,370	5,415	5,955	5.0	4.9	5.2	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665	6.0	5.8	6.1
70 to 74 years	8,610	3,995	4,615	3.8	3.6	4.0	1,847,585	879,850	967,735	5.0	4.8	5.2
75 to 79 years	5,755	2,550	3,205	2.5	2.3	2.8	1,260,930	589,090	671,845	3.4	3.2	3.6
80 to 84 years	4,295	1,690	2,605	1.9	1.5	2.3	840,545	370,905	469,645	2.3	2.0	2.5
85 years and over	5,150	1,760	3,390	2.3	1.6	2.9	861,395	319,540	541,860	2.3	1.8	2.9
85 to 89 years	2,940	1,045	1,900	1.3	0.9	1.7	525,445	212,735	312,705	1.4	1.2	1.7
90 to 94 years	1,710	600	1,115	0.8	0.5	1.0	258,035	87,300	170,735	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	440	110	330	0.2	0.1	0.3	68,380	17,670	50,715	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,535	1,830	7,710	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.8	19.6	18.1	18.8	19.6	18.1	16.3	16.9	15.6	16.3	16.9	15.6
15 to 64 years	65.6	66.6	64.7	65.6	66.6	64.7	64.8	65.4	64.2	64.8	65.4	64.2
65 years and over	15.5	13.9	17.2	15.5	13.9	17.2	19.0	17.7	20.2	19.0	17.7	20.2
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	2.9	2.3	1.6	2.9	2.3	1.8	2.9	2.3	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	39.0	38.0	40.1	39.0	38.0	40.1	41.9	41.0	42.8	41.9	41.0	42.8
Median age of the population	37.6	36.8	38.4	37.6	36.8	38.4	41.6	40.4	42.8	41.6	40.4	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	92,130	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	58,120	...	...	63.1	...	...	7,872,310	...	...	52.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,625	...	...	2.8	...	...	746,560	...	...	5.0	...	...
Row house	6,025	...	...	6.5	...	...	980,110	...	...	6.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,210	...	...	2.4	...	...	821,490	...	...	5.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	18,560	...	...	20.1	...	...	2,738,020	...	...	18.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,390	...	...	4.8	...	...	1,596,155	...	...	10.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.0	...	...	34,880	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	170	...	...	0.2	...	...	189,420	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	92,130	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	27,875	...	...	30.3	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	29.3	...	...
2 persons	30,420	...	...	33.0	...	...	5,124,800	...	...	34.2	...	...
3 persons	13,605	...	...	14.8	...	...	2,194,825	...	...	14.7	...	...
4 persons	12,475	...	...	13.5	...	...	2,002,455	...	...	13.4	...	...
5 or more persons	7,745	...	...	8.4	...	...	1,260,850	...	...	8.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	183,750	89,510	94,240	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	102,485	51,180	51,305	55.8	57.2	54.4	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595	56.9	58.2	55.6
Married	85,680	42,785	42,895	46.6	47.8	45.5	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875	44.3	45.3	43.3
Living common-law	16,805	8,395	8,410	9.1	9.4	8.9	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725	12.6	12.9	12.3
Living common law - Never married	12,930	6,495	6,430	7.0	7.3	6.8	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685	9.6	9.8	9.4
Living common law - Separated	485	250	230	0.3	0.3	0.2	123,830	65,045	58,785	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	3,110	1,530	1,575	1.7	1.7	1.7	721,715	365,760	355,950	2.3	2.4	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	285	120	170	0.2	0.1	0.2	87,165	36,860	50,300	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	81,260	38,330	42,930	44.2	42.8	45.6	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860	43.1	41.8	44.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	56,260	30,255	26,005	30.6	33.8	27.6	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455	29.1	32.2	26.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,115	1,740	2,380	2.2	1.9	2.5	741,135	319,045	422,090	2.4	2.1	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	11,230	4,350	6,880	6.1	4.9	7.3	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460	6.2	5.0	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	9,655	1,985	7,665	5.3	2.2	8.1	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855	5.4	2.4	8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	61,005	...	...	100.0	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	30,355	...	...	49.8	...	...	5,306,105	...	...	51.7	...	...
3 persons	13,035	...	...	21.4	...	...	2,147,825	...	...	20.9	...	...
4 persons	11,915	...	...	19.5	...	...	1,953,035	...	...	19.0	...	...
5 or more persons	5,700	...	...	9.3	...	...	855,960	...	...	8.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	61,005	...	...	100.0	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	49,900	...	...	81.8	...	...	8,576,585	...	...	83.6	...	...
Married couples	41,500	...	...	68.0	...	...	6,627,310	...	...	64.6	...	...
With children⁶	22,965	...	...	37.6	...	...	3,481,775	...	...	33.9	...	...
Without children	18,530	...	...	30.4	...	...	3,145,535	...	...	30.6	...	...
Common-law couples	8,405	...	...	13.8	...	...	1,949,275	...	...	19.0	...	...
With children⁶	3,160	...	...	5.2	...	...	808,645	...	...	7.9	...	...
Without children	5,240	...	...	8.6	...	...	1,140,630	...	...	11.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	11,105	...	...	18.2	...	...	1,686,340	...	...	16.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	8,590	...	...	14.1	...	...	1,302,670	...	...	12.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,515	...	...	4.1	...	...	383,670	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	178,470	88,170	90,300	80.0	80.2	79.8	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625	81.1	81.5	80.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	99,805	49,885	49,920	44.7	45.4	44.1	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560	47.2	47.8	46.6
Parents in one-parent families	11,100	2,510	8,590	5.0	2.3	7.6	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670	4.6	2.1	7.1
Children⁶	67,565	35,775	31,790	30.3	32.5	28.1	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400	29.3	31.5	27.1
In a two-parent family	49,485	25,920	23,560	22.2	23.6	20.8	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805	22.1	23.6	20.6
In a one-parent family	18,085	9,850	8,230	8.1	9.0	7.3	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595	7.2	7.9	6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	44,605	21,800	22,805	20.0	19.8	20.2	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620	18.9	18.5	19.2
Living alone	27,880	12,455	15,420	12.5	11.3	13.6	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520	12.1	11.4	12.8
Living with other relatives⁷	6,140	2,880	3,250	2.8	2.6	2.9	927,345	393,085	534,260	2.6	2.2	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	10,590	6,460	4,125	4.7	5.9	3.6	1,526,645	878,800	647,840	4.2	4.9	3.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	92,130	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	54,045	...	...	58.7	...	...	8,932,695	...	...	59.6	...	...
Couple-family households	45,345	...	...	49.2	...	...	7,627,195	...	...	50.9	...	...
With children⁶	23,660	...	...	25.7	...	...	3,789,795	...	...	25.3	...	...
Without children	21,690	...	...	23.5	...	...	3,837,400	...	...	25.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	8,695	...	...	9.4	...	...	1,305,500	...	...	8.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,000	...	...	2.2	...	...	441,745	...	...	2.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	465	...	...	0.5	...	...	94,235	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,890	...	...	3.1	...	...	450,415	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,855	...	...	5.3	...	...	663,835	...	...	4.4	...	...
One-person households	27,880	...	...	30.3	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	29.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	180,515	88,260	92,255	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	172,475	84,055	88,420	95.5	95.2	95.8	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660	96.4	96.3	96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	51,200	42,400	46,400	51,200	42,400	41,200	46,400	36,800	41,200	46,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	172,530	84,085	88,450	95.6	95.3	95.9	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425	96.4	96.4	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	44,800	38,400	41,200	44,800	38,400	36,800	40,800	33,600	36,800	40,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	156,630	77,335	79,295	86.8	87.6	86.0	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250	85.9	87.5	84.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,400	35,600	41,600	48,400	35,600	35,200	42,400	29,200	35,200	42,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	129,495	66,025	63,470	71.7	74.8	68.8	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130	69.6	73.4	66.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,800	38,800	43,200	48,800	38,800	37,200	43,200	32,000	37,200	43,200	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	153,065	73,240	79,825	84.8	83.0	86.5	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180	83.7	81.2	86.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,650	5,520	9,200	7,650	5,520	9,200	9,800	8,500	11,000	9,800	8,500	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,300	8,315	7,985	9.0	9.4	8.7	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590	10.5	10.4	10.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,520	5,880	5,680	5,520	5,880	5,720	5,760	5,720	5,720	5,760	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,490	21,960	22,530	24.6	24.9	24.4	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845	27.6	27.9	27.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	180,515	88,270	92,240	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	172,410	83,980	88,430	95.5	95.1	95.9	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335	96.4	96.3	96.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,700	63,400	50,360	56,700	63,400	50,360	54,450	62,650	46,560	54,450	62,650	46,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	172,475	84,010	88,460	95.5	95.2	95.9	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160	96.4	96.4	96.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,280	51,600	43,120	47,280	51,600	43,120	44,920	50,320	39,680	44,920	50,320	39,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	156,820	77,340	79,480	86.9	87.6	86.2	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250	85.9	87.6	84.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,550	60,500	44,760	52,550	60,500	44,760	50,240	59,500	41,000	50,240	59,500	41,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	129,490	65,810	63,685	71.7	74.6	69.0	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725	69.6	73.4	66.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,100	58,600	45,320	52,100	58,600	45,320	50,280	58,050	42,000	50,280	58,050	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	152,715	72,965	79,755	84.6	82.7	86.5	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800	83.7	81.2	86.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,070	8,820	11,210	10,070	8,820	11,210	11,170	10,180	12,060	11,170	10,180	12,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,120	8,290	7,820	8.9	9.4	8.5	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815	10.5	10.4	10.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,970	6,115	7,880	6,970	6,115	7,880	7,050	6,710	7,370	7,050	6,710	7,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,490	22,075	22,415	24.6	25.0	24.3	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340	27.5	27.8	27.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,920	8,890	8,960	8,920	8,890	8,960	8,920	8,740	9,100	8,920	8,740	9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	180,510	88,270	92,240	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	66,735	35,970	30,765	37.0	40.7	33.4	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090	32.7	37.0	28.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	71,500	62,400	67,000	71,500	62,400	63,600	69,000	58,000	63,600	69,000	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,200	82,700	68,700	76,200	82,700	68,700	77,200	85,400	67,000	77,200	85,400	67,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	48,570	22,880	25,690	26.9	25.9	27.9	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585	27.8	26.8	28.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	21,400	16,800	19,000	21,400	16,800	18,400	21,000	16,600	18,400	21,000	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,440	32,160	25,160	28,440	32,160	25,160	29,160	33,960	24,860	29,160	33,960	24,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.2	88.0	80.0	84.2	88.0	80.0	82.2	86.4	76.8	82.2	86.4	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.0	72.4	64.8	69.0	72.4	64.8	66.8	70.6	61.7	66.8	70.6	61.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.7	12.1	20.1	15.7	12.1	20.1	17.8	13.7	23.1	17.8	13.7	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	4.0	5.4	4.7	4.0	5.4	5.4	4.5	6.6	5.4	4.5	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.7	4.5	4.1	3.7	4.5	4.7	4.0	5.5	4.7	4.0	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	180,510	88,255	92,260	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	8,045	4,205	3,840	4.5	4.8	4.2	1,094,320	545,400	548,915	3.6	3.7	3.5
With total income	172,470	84,050	88,420	95.5	95.2	95.8	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660	96.4	96.3	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,070	6,025	7,050	7.6	7.2	8.0	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310	8.3	7.4	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	16,245	7,040	9,210	9.4	8.4	10.4	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945	11.8	10.1	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	23,555	10,145	13,410	13.7	12.1	15.2	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570	15.9	14.1	17.5
$30,000 to $39,999	20,845	9,090	11,750	12.1	10.8	13.3	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375	12.7	11.5	13.9
$40,000 to $49,999	19,810	8,820	10,995	11.5	10.5	12.4	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755	11.3	10.7	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	17,170	8,100	9,070	10.0	9.6	10.3	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330	9.2	9.1	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	14,075	7,155	6,915	8.2	8.5	7.8	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795	7.1	7.6	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	11,300	6,070	5,230	6.6	7.2	5.9	1,592,465	887,985	704,480	5.4	6.2	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	8,925	4,860	4,065	5.2	5.8	4.6	1,239,395	708,430	530,965	4.2	4.9	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	7,140	3,835	3,300	4.1	4.6	3.7	965,950	553,435	412,510	3.3	3.9	2.8
$100,000 and over	20,340	12,910	7,435	11.8	15.4	8.4	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625	10.8	14.5	7.3
$100,000 to $149,999	14,395	8,695	5,700	8.3	10.3	6.4	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520	7.2	9.2	5.2
$150,000 and over	5,945	4,210	1,730	3.4	5.0	2.0	1,057,615	758,510	299,105	3.6	5.3	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	180,510	88,255	92,260	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	7,980	4,175	3,810	4.4	4.7	4.1	1,079,955	537,800	542,155	3.6	3.6	3.5
With after-tax income	172,530	84,080	88,450	95.6	95.3	95.9	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430	96.4	96.4	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,595	6,185	7,410	7.9	7.4	8.4	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725	8.8	7.7	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	17,125	7,425	9,700	9.9	8.8	11.0	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855	12.3	10.6	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	27,115	11,855	15,260	15.7	14.1	17.3	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845	18.1	16.2	19.9
$30,000 to $39,999	25,285	11,290	14,000	14.7	13.4	15.8	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250	15.2	14.2	16.1
$40,000 to $49,999	23,600	11,005	12,595	13.7	13.1	14.2	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005	13.0	12.8	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	19,355	9,775	9,580	11.2	11.6	10.8	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920	9.7	10.3	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	14,600	7,735	6,860	8.5	9.2	7.8	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790	6.9	7.8	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	10,790	5,730	5,065	6.3	6.8	5.7	1,428,520	814,645	613,875	4.9	5.7	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	6,865	3,790	3,070	4.0	4.5	3.5	1,027,015	592,405	434,605	3.5	4.1	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	4,475	2,645	1,830	2.6	3.1	2.1	643,700	402,325	241,380	2.2	2.8	1.6
$100,000 and over	9,735	6,650	3,085	5.6	7.9	3.5	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185	5.5	7.7	3.3
$100,000 to $124,999	5,345	3,515	1,830	3.1	4.2	2.1	792,455	530,970	261,490	2.7	3.7	1.8
$125,000 and over	4,395	3,140	1,255	2.5	3.7	1.4	804,335	578,645	225,695	2.7	4.0	1.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	180,510	88,255	92,260	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	51,020	22,235	28,785	28.3	25.2	31.2	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450	30.4	26.6	33.9
With employment income	129,495	66,025	63,470	71.7	74.8	68.8	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125	69.6	73.4	66.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	15,130	6,950	8,180	11.7	10.5	12.9	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955	14.0	13.3	14.7
$5,000 to $9,999	9,600	4,335	5,260	7.4	6.6	8.3	1,739,570	765,825	973,750	8.2	7.0	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	13,950	6,395	7,555	10.8	9.7	11.9	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810	11.8	10.3	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	11,210	5,415	5,790	8.7	8.2	9.1	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050	9.3	8.3	10.4
$30,000 to $39,999	11,040	5,205	5,835	8.5	7.9	9.2	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190	9.0	8.3	9.8
$40,000 to $49,999	11,605	5,475	6,130	9.0	8.3	9.7	1,859,845	899,795	960,055	8.8	8.3	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	10,895	5,470	5,425	8.4	8.3	8.5	1,640,805	842,030	798,780	7.8	7.7	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	9,755	5,220	4,535	7.5	7.9	7.1	1,367,510	754,825	612,685	6.5	6.9	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	8,090	4,455	3,635	6.2	6.7	5.7	1,099,625	637,060	462,570	5.2	5.8	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	6,830	3,720	3,110	5.3	5.6	4.9	929,490	539,395	390,095	4.4	4.9	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	5,720	3,080	2,635	4.4	4.7	4.2	760,035	439,505	320,530	3.6	4.0	3.1
$100,000 and over	15,670	10,290	5,375	12.1	15.6	8.5	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670	11.4	15.1	7.5
$100,000 to $124,999	7,735	4,660	3,075	6.0	7.1	4.8	1,129,445	714,235	415,210	5.3	6.5	4.1
$125,000 and over	7,935	5,635	2,305	6.1	8.5	3.6	1,288,265	936,805	351,460	6.1	8.6	3.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	180,515	88,260	92,255	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	168,335	81,900	86,430	93.3	92.8	93.7	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680	94.3	94.0	94.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	51,200	40,400	44,800	51,200	40,400	39,200	45,200	34,000	39,200	45,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	168,395	81,905	86,485	93.3	92.8	93.7	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655	94.3	94.1	94.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,400	36,400	40,000	44,400	36,400	35,200	40,000	31,200	35,200	40,000	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	153,960	76,000	77,960	85.3	86.1	84.5	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890	84.7	86.3	83.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,000	36,800	42,800	50,000	36,800	36,800	44,000	30,800	36,800	44,000	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	128,340	65,415	62,925	71.1	74.1	68.2	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625	70.0	73.6	66.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	50,400	39,200	44,000	50,400	39,200	38,000	44,400	32,800	38,000	44,400	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	144,080	68,975	75,110	79.8	78.1	81.4	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175	76.5	73.2	79.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,100	1,130	4,680	2,100	1,130	4,680	4,240	1,960	6,450	4,240	1,960	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,025	5,915	6,110	6.7	6.7	6.6	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770	8.0	8.0	8.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,040	5,400	7,000	6,040	5,400	7,000	5,720	5,560	5,960	5,720	5,560	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	180,515	88,270	92,240	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	168,460	81,880	86,580	93.3	92.8	93.9	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425	94.3	94.0	94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,850	62,350	47,800	54,850	62,350	47,800	52,350	61,250	43,800	52,350	61,250	43,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	168,505	81,890	86,615	93.3	92.8	93.9	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015	94.3	94.1	94.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,400	50,440	40,640	45,400	50,440	40,640	42,920	49,000	37,160	42,920	49,000	37,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	154,535	76,130	78,400	85.6	86.2	85.0	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155	84.7	86.3	83.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,350	62,000	45,000	53,350	62,000	45,000	51,040	60,800	41,320	51,040	60,800	41,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	128,830	65,605	63,220	71.4	74.3	68.5	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815	70.0	73.6	66.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,100	60,100	45,800	53,100	60,100	45,800	50,560	58,800	41,800	50,560	58,800	41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	144,205	69,075	75,130	79.9	78.3	81.5	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065	76.5	73.1	79.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,910	5,595	8,120	6,910	5,595	8,120	7,950	6,990	8,800	7,950	6,990	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,030	5,960	6,065	6.7	6.8	6.6	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780	8.0	7.9	8.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,660	6,335	8,970	7,660	6,335	8,970	7,560	6,880	8,210	7,560	6,880	8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	180,510	88,270	92,240	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	66,185	35,655	30,525	36.7	40.4	33.1	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305	32.4	36.6	28.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	68,500	58,400	63,600	68,500	58,400	60,000	66,000	53,600	60,000	66,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,900	80,200	64,400	72,900	80,200	64,400	73,200	81,900	62,250	73,200	81,900	62,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	45,210	21,230	23,980	25.0	24.1	26.0	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305	26.2	25.3	27.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	28,800	23,000	25,400	28,800	23,000	24,200	28,000	21,800	24,200	28,000	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,360	40,720	30,640	35,360	40,720	30,640	35,200	41,280	29,720	35,200	41,280	29,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.2	92.4	85.2	89.2	92.4	85.2	87.6	91.2	83.0	87.6	91.2	83.0
Employment income (%)	74.0	77.2	70.0	74.0	77.2	70.0	71.8	75.0	67.2	71.8	75.0	67.2
Government transfers (%)	10.8	7.6	14.8	10.8	7.6	14.8	12.3	8.9	16.9	12.3	8.9	16.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.3	1.0	0.7	1.3	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.2	1.0	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	92,130	...	...	...	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	27,880	...	...	...	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	48,000	...	...	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	64,250	...	...	...	...	...	10,582,930	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	92,130	...	...	...	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,100	...	...	106,100	...	...	106,300	...	...	106,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,500	...	...	88,500	...	...	87,700	...	...	87,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	27,865	...	...	...	...	...	4,394,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,450	...	...	57,450	...	...	53,350	...	...	53,350	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,920	...	...	47,920	...	...	44,360	...	...	44,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	64,265	...	...	...	...	...	10,584,445	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,200	...	...	127,200	...	...	128,200	...	...	128,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,100	...	...	106,100	...	...	105,700	...	...	105,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,025	...	...	1.1	...	...	165,175	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	440	...	...	0.5	...	...	91,750	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	745	...	...	0.8	...	...	178,475	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,400	...	...	1.5	...	...	274,140	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,135	...	...	3.4	...	...	637,695	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,890	...	...	3.1	...	...	505,875	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,740	...	...	3.0	...	...	488,735	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,020	...	...	3.3	...	...	560,950	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,190	...	...	3.5	...	...	572,650	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,350	...	...	3.6	...	...	559,155	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,715	...	...	7.3	...	...	1,093,185	...	...	7.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,615	...	...	7.2	...	...	1,044,715	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,315	...	...	6.9	...	...	986,460	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,815	...	...	6.3	...	...	921,205	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,445	...	...	5.9	...	...	844,835	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	39,290	...	...	42.6	...	...	6,053,945	...	...	40.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,365	...	...	12.3	...	...	1,753,485	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,465	...	...	9.2	...	...	1,283,445	...	...	8.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10,635	...	...	11.5	...	...	1,545,935	...	...	10.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	8,820	...	...	9.6	...	...	1,471,075	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,115	...	...	1.2	...	...	186,735	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	445	...	...	0.5	...	...	95,195	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	770	...	...	0.8	...	...	183,430	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,460	...	...	1.6	...	...	289,545	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,430	...	...	3.7	...	...	681,900	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,290	...	...	3.6	...	...	589,110	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,245	...	...	3.5	...	...	582,275	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,785	...	...	4.1	...	...	666,675	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,930	...	...	4.3	...	...	676,995	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,990	...	...	4.3	...	...	655,100	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	8,140	...	...	8.8	...	...	1,285,425	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	7,795	...	...	8.5	...	...	1,223,830	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,240	...	...	7.9	...	...	1,137,840	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,590	...	...	7.2	...	...	1,039,375	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,820	...	...	6.3	...	...	911,515	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	31,100	...	...	33.8	...	...	4,773,995	...	...	31.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,745	...	...	12.7	...	...	1,757,035	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,785	...	...	8.5	...	...	1,152,855	...	...	7.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,570	...	...	12.6	...	...	1,864,100	...	...	12.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	60,885	...	...	...	...	...	10,117,305	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	22,235	...	...	...	...	...	3,929,500	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	26,215	...	...	...	...	...	4,311,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	10,370	...	...	...	...	...	1,547,920	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	38,465	18,920	19,550	...	...	...	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	42,400	42,800	42,800	42,400	42,800	38,400	40,000	36,800	38,400	40,000	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	38,000	38,400	38,000	38,000	38,400	34,800	36,000	33,600	34,800	36,000	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	60,920	...	...	...	...	...	10,113,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,900	...	...	127,900	...	...	128,600	...	...	128,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,400	...	...	106,400	...	...	105,600	...	...	105,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	22,270	...	...	...	...	...	3,926,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,800	...	...	123,800	...	...	112,500	...	...	112,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,300	...	...	101,300	...	...	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	26,225	...	...	...	...	...	4,318,755	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,600	...	...	152,600	...	...	160,600	...	...	160,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,300	...	...	126,300	...	...	130,600	...	...	130,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,370	...	...	...	...	...	1,539,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,400	...	...	79,400	...	...	82,300	...	...	82,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,400	...	...	70,400	...	...	71,800	...	...	71,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	38,405	18,935	19,475	...	...	...	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,600	52,200	51,000	51,600	52,200	51,000	49,440	52,050	46,880	49,440	52,050	46,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,480	43,240	43,720	43,480	43,240	43,720	41,560	43,080	40,120	41,560	43,080	40,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	50,185	25,655	24,530	22.5	23.3	21.7	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005	19.8	20.6	19.0
0 to 5 years	16,460	8,265	8,195	7.4	7.5	7.2	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775	6.1	6.4	5.9
18 to 64 years	140,050	69,635	70,415	62.8	63.3	62.3	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665	62.1	62.2	61.9
65 years and over	32,840	14,685	18,155	14.7	13.4	16.1	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580	18.1	17.2	19.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	23,980	11,385	12,590	...	...	...	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	7,235	3,695	3,540	...	...	...	854,565	439,490	415,075	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	2,605	1,245	1,365	...	...	...	282,315	144,250	138,065	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	13,305	6,485	6,820	...	...	...	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,440	1,205	2,230	...	...	...	985,745	391,695	594,050	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	10.4	11.1	10.8	10.4	11.1	11.1	10.5	11.6	11.1	10.5	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9
0 to 5 years (%)	15.8	15.1	16.6	15.8	15.1	16.6	12.7	12.7	12.7	12.7	12.7	12.7
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	9.3	9.7	9.5	9.3	9.7	9.7	9.4	9.9	9.7	9.4	9.9
65 years and over (%)	10.5	8.2	12.3	10.5	8.2	12.3	15.0	12.7	16.9	15.0	12.7	16.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	50,190	25,655	24,535	22.5	23.3	21.7	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505	19.7	20.5	18.9
0 to 5 years	16,465	8,260	8,200	7.4	7.5	7.3	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925	6.1	6.3	5.8
18 to 64 years	140,045	69,635	70,415	62.8	63.3	62.3	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865	62.1	62.3	62.0
65 years and over	32,840	14,690	18,155	14.7	13.4	16.1	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065	18.2	17.3	19.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	10,110	5,450	4,660	...	...	...	1,863,335	950,150	913,180	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,380	1,220	1,155	...	...	...	319,545	164,490	155,060	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	795	395	400	...	...	...	99,435	50,875	48,560	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,290	4,030	3,260	...	...	...	1,344,640	702,660	641,975	...	...	...
65 years and over	445	200	245	...	...	...	199,155	83,010	116,145	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.5	5.0	4.1	4.5	5.0	4.1	5.2	5.4	5.0	5.2	5.4	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	4.8	4.8	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.9	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	5.8	4.6	5.2	5.8	4.6	6.0	6.4	5.7	6.0	6.4	5.7
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3	3.1	2.7	3.3	3.1	2.7	3.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	106,475	51,510	54,960	47.7	46.8	48.6	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345	50.0	48.9	51.1
In bottom decile	21,960	10,990	10,975	9.8	10.0	9.7	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070	10.0	9.8	10.2
In second decile	21,470	9,915	11,550	9.6	9.0	10.2	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660	10.0	9.5	10.5
In third decile	21,120	10,170	10,955	9.5	9.2	9.7	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735	10.0	9.8	10.2
In fourth decile	20,780	10,030	10,745	9.3	9.1	9.5	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210	10.0	9.9	10.1
In fifth decile	21,145	10,400	10,745	9.5	9.5	9.5	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670	10.0	10.0	10.0
In top half of the distribution	116,600	58,465	58,135	52.3	53.2	51.4	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900	50.0	51.1	48.9
In sixth decile	22,300	10,955	11,350	10.0	10.0	10.0	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535	10.0	10.1	9.9
In seventh decile	23,405	11,675	11,730	10.5	10.6	10.4	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230	10.0	10.1	9.9
In eighth decile	24,275	12,145	12,130	10.9	11.0	10.7	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530	10.0	10.2	9.8
In ninth decile	24,685	12,445	12,235	11.1	11.3	10.8	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415	10.0	10.3	9.7
In top decile	21,940	11,240	10,695	9.8	10.2	9.5	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195	10.0	10.4	9.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	223,075	...	...	223,075	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	36,328,475	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.326	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.347	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.427	...	...	0.427	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.462	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.287	...	...	0.287	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.302	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	223,810	110,280	113,535	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	207,155	102,745	104,415	92.6	93.2	92.0	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800	69.0	69.9	68.1
French only	180	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390	11.2	10.6	11.7
English and French	13,580	6,160	7,420	6.1	5.6	6.5	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330	18.0	18.0	18.0
Neither English nor French	2,900	1,295	1,605	1.3	1.2	1.4	689,725	284,170	405,555	1.9	1.6	2.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	223,810	110,280	113,535	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	218,150	107,635	110,515	97.5	97.6	97.3	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025	75.5	75.8	75.2
French	2,300	1,120	1,180	1.0	1.0	1.0	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110	21.4	21.3	21.4
English and French	590	300	290	0.3	0.3	0.3	476,175	237,635	238,535	1.3	1.3	1.3
Neither English nor French	2,775	1,225	1,550	1.2	1.1	1.4	673,100	275,685	397,420	1.8	1.5	2.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	223,810	110,280	113,535	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	215,360	106,115	109,245	96.2	96.2	96.2	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600	96.0	96.0	95.9
Official languages	173,925	85,390	88,535	77.7	77.4	78.0	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510	74.5	75.2	73.9
English	171,680	84,300	87,375	76.7	76.4	77.0	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835	54.9	55.6	54.3
French	2,250	1,090	1,160	1.0	1.0	1.0	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675	19.6	19.6	19.6
Non-official languages	41,435	20,730	20,710	18.5	18.8	18.2	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090	21.4	20.8	22.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	325	120	205	0.1	0.1	0.2	148,895	71,630	77,265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages	255	90	160	0.1	0.1	0.1	97,125	46,545	50,580	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,520	1,180	1,340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	190	70	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	67,665	32,715	34,950	0.2	0.2	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,500	2,825	2,670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	190	70	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	53,070	25,645	27,430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	300	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,460	1,675	1,785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,475	1,075	1,395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	70	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,025	2,345	2,675	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,850	1,370	1,480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	95	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	38,535	18,810	19,725	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,465	3,930	4,535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	310	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,155	2,415	2,745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,910	2,290	2,620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	125	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,775	10,230	11,550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	865	400	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,310	4,525	4,790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	65	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,605	5,300	6,300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	235	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,880	850	1,030	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,185	4,190	4,995	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,885	6,200	6,680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,785	6,155	6,630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	280	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,060	3,865	4,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	70	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,505	755	755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	195	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	120	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	840	440	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	80	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,390	725	670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	210	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	40	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	15	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,790	16,480	17,315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	220	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	140	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	85	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,200	16,240	16,955	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	150	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	115	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	220	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,095	520	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	100	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	125	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	80	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,040	485	555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	245	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	180	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,035	515	515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	300	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	155	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	385	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	180	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	95	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	75	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	41,115	20,605	20,505	18.4	18.7	18.1	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830	21.0	20.4	21.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,025	1,515	1,515	1.4	1.4	1.3	698,355	359,625	338,730	1.9	2.0	1.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,490	14,715	12,775	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,760	13,130	11,625	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,340	1,365	975	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	225	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,985	1,085	905	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,315	740	570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	675	340	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015	510	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	585	280	305	0.3	0.3	0.3	49,410	23,275	26,135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,020	1,085	935	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,905	3,015	2,890	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	425	205	225	0.2	0.2	0.2	40,730	18,775	21,955	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	755	400	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,425	1,230	1,200	1.1	1.1	1.1	618,450	320,045	298,405	1.7	1.8	1.6
Amharic	170	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	25,685	12,090	13,600	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,750	885	860	0.8	0.8	0.8	508,410	265,350	243,060	1.4	1.5	1.3
Aramaic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,690	13,465	14,220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,220	8,320	8,900	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,860	4,335	4,525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,600	805	795	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,220	550	675	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,495	10,505	8,995	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,425	2,080	2,340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	465	245	225	0.2	0.2	0.2	31,075	15,775	15,300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	235	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,605	775	830	0.7	0.7	0.7	192,985	87,230	105,750	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,525	8,820	10,705	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	1,565	755	815	0.7	0.7	0.7	173,000	78,180	94,820	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	230	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	7,330	3,480	3,850	3.3	3.2	3.4	565,375	238,875	326,500	1.5	1.3	1.8
Bikol	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,115	940	1,180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	195	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,215	3,425	4,790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	405	190	220	0.2	0.2	0.2	18,945	7,800	11,145	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	325	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	90	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,690	3,900	5,795	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	435	200	235	0.2	0.2	0.2	33,520	14,140	19,380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,910	4,990	6,920	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,100	465	640	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	275	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,085	990	1,090	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,245	580	670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	415	425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	570	760	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,615	2,635	2,980	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,050	900	1,150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,905	2,825	3,085	2.6	2.6	2.7	461,150	194,805	266,345	1.3	1.1	1.4
Waray-Waray	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,625	690	935	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,740	2,035	2,705	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	78,235	35,650	42,580	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	52,435	23,355	29,085	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	315	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	365	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,125	3,015	3,110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	280	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,550	7,325	8,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,135	1,000	1,140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,105	605	500	0.5	0.5	0.4	244,165	125,180	118,990	0.7	0.7	0.6
Kannada	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,240	3,215	3,020	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	620	330	295	0.3	0.3	0.3	54,050	29,375	24,670	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	205	110	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	152,850	75,010	77,845	0.4	0.4	0.4
Telugu	240	150	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	30,045	17,095	12,950	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	310	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	170	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,180	1,175	1,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	265	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20,315	10,480	9,840	9.1	9.5	8.7	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520	11.3	11.2	11.4
Albanian	175	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	29,265	14,690	14,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,720	16,335	17,385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	2,770	1,275	1,495	1.2	1.2	1.3	648,810	297,100	351,710	1.8	1.6	1.9
Baltic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,560	4,425	6,135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,430	1,875	2,555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,130	2,555	3,580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,720	1,250	1,470	1.2	1.1	1.3	638,250	292,670	345,580	1.7	1.6	1.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	325	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,035	9,090	9,950	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,025	9,215	10,815	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,795	7,075	7,720	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	350	160	195	0.2	0.1	0.2	160,170	72,120	88,050	0.4	0.4	0.5
Russian	840	395	445	0.4	0.4	0.4	197,905	89,100	108,800	0.5	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	240	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	340	165	175	0.2	0.1	0.2	116,735	56,900	59,835	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,820	6,785	7,040	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	43,500	20,755	22,740	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	57,425	28,410	29,015	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,995	945	1,045	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,255	6,930	8,320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,965	3,425	4,535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,090	485	610	0.5	0.4	0.5	84,705	38,005	46,695	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	235	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,150	1,110	1,045	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	355	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	210	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	825	410	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	135	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,810	850	955	0.8	0.8	0.8	463,400	221,365	242,035	1.3	1.2	1.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,570	800	775	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,400	645	755	0.6	0.6	0.7	301,570	142,580	158,990	0.8	0.8	0.9
German	1,385	640	745	0.6	0.6	0.7	272,865	128,250	144,615	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,065	4,530	4,540	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,575	3,740	3,835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,060	6,060	6,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	340	175	165	0.2	0.2	0.1	138,655	67,815	70,840	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	135	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.0	12,270	6,175	6,095	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	80,315	39,000	41,310	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,670	4,255	4,420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,270	650	625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,200	16,410	16,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,935	1,325	1,605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,275	9,500	10,775	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,945	4,750	5,195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	905	430	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,535	1,675	1,860	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,890	2,645	3,245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	670	660	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	460	230	230	0.2	0.2	0.2	93,335	45,860	47,470	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	13,150	7,060	6,095	5.9	6.4	5.4	1,659,505	847,400	812,105	4.5	4.7	4.4
Indo-Aryan languages	12,310	6,620	5,690	5.5	6.0	5.0	1,358,645	697,075	661,575	3.7	3.9	3.6
Assamese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	265	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,365	715	645	0.6	0.6	0.6	87,580	45,160	42,425	0.2	0.3	0.2
Gujarati	2,635	1,485	1,155	1.2	1.3	1.0	138,985	73,335	65,655	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindi	1,165	655	510	0.5	0.6	0.4	152,825	79,585	73,240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,930	3,100	3,830	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	745	395	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,425	1,675	1,745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,145	7,330	6,810	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	360	180	175	0.2	0.2	0.2	23,425	11,920	11,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,775	940	835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,125	615	510	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	325	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,980	2,140	1,840	1.8	1.9	1.6	666,585	341,515	325,065	1.8	1.9	1.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	265	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,985	2,070	1,915	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,000	8,895	9,110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	2,505	1,280	1,230	1.1	1.2	1.1	235,290	118,540	116,755	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	100	60	40	0.0	0.1	0.0	3,865	2,085	1,780	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	840	435	395	0.4	0.4	0.3	300,555	150,160	150,390	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baluchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	305	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,485	8,770	7,715	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	310	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	175	105	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	19,520	10,170	9,355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	595	300	300	0.3	0.3	0.3	262,625	130,180	132,440	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	215	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	57,220	28,070	29,155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	335	170	170	0.1	0.2	0.1	179,425	89,070	90,360	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,975	13,040	12,930	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	815	425	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	165	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,925	955	970	0.9	0.9	0.9	1,194,290	574,295	619,995	3.3	3.2	3.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	905	470	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	290	145	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	319,505	154,295	165,205	0.9	0.9	0.9
Portuguese	175	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	240,680	115,235	125,450	0.7	0.6	0.7
Romanian	200	90	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	93,160	44,185	48,975	0.3	0.2	0.3
Spanish	1,265	630	630	0.6	0.6	0.6	538,870	259,500	279,375	1.5	1.4	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,165	610	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	195	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	43,850	14,205	29,650	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	505	210	295	0.2	0.2	0.3	170,400	77,075	93,325	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,850	800	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,140	585	560	0.5	0.5	0.5	108,295	52,850	55,440	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,120	6,400	6,720	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,855	1,000	860	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,685	745	940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,955	1,030	920	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,520	1,825	1,695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	815	400	415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,890	885	1,010	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	320	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	145	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,175	2,720	2,460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,380	3,365	4,015	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,260	1,925	2,335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	245	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	260	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	365	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	920	420	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	110	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,660	4,035	4,625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,605	1,665	1,940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	315	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	200	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	16,000	7,630	8,370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,030	495	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,890	2,605	2,285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	335	165	170	0.1	0.1	0.1	15,015	7,605	7,410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,000	6,405	6,590	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,920	3,565	3,355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,865	1,000	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,090	515	570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,395	1,745	1,645	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	305	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,955	3,710	3,250	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,965	2,635	2,335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	990	520	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	555	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,125	2,515	2,615	2.3	2.3	2.3	1,309,825	602,025	707,800	3.6	3.3	3.8
Chinese languages	4,585	2,240	2,345	2.0	2.0	2.1	1,292,640	593,580	699,055	3.5	3.3	3.8
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,765	4,420	5,345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,170	1,560	1,605	1.4	1.4	1.4	679,255	310,750	368,510	1.9	1.7	2.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,310	665	645	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,805	12,415	15,390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,880	3,995	4,880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,225	590	640	0.5	0.5	0.6	553,380	255,540	297,835	1.5	1.4	1.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,610	5,500	6,110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	630	295	330	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	525	265	260	0.2	0.2	0.2	16,600	8,160	8,445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,305	1,590	1,710	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	870	400	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	420	215	205	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,520	2,240	2,275	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	350	180	165	0.2	0.2	0.1	3,900	1,940	1,960	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	305	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,025	3,475	3,545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	445	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	285	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	175	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	22,350	8,605	13,745	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,485	5,475	6,010	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,455	2,960	7,495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	165	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	53,520	28,385	25,135	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,490	2,460	2,030	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	540	230	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	44,190	23,615	20,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,355	660	690	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,805	890	920	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,150	530	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	295	135	160	0.1	0.1	0.1	68,180	31,000	37,180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,485	1,945	2,535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,200	5,075	7,120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	275	130	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	51,500	23,980	27,525	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,060	540	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,455	4,165	4,285	3.8	3.8	3.8	1,475,690	719,210	756,480	4.0	4.0	4.1
English and French	760	390	375	0.3	0.4	0.3	291,325	142,420	148,905	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	6,670	3,295	3,375	3.0	3.0	3.0	921,480	450,685	470,800	2.5	2.5	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	117,910	57,875	60,040	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	55	65	0.1	0.0	0.1	52,880	25,900	26,975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	750	350	400	0.3	0.3	0.4	92,095	42,330	49,765	0.3	0.2	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	223,810	110,280	113,535	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	174,880	85,845	89,030	78.1	77.8	78.4	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270	57.1	57.7	56.6
French	630	310	320	0.3	0.3	0.3	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685	17.6	17.7	17.6
Non-official language	11,290	5,610	5,675	5.0	5.1	5.0	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315	6.6	6.3	6.8
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	50,460	25,385	25,080	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	11,270	5,605	5,665	5.0	5.1	5.0	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240	6.4	6.2	6.7
English and French	2,030	940	1,090	0.9	0.9	1.0	953,760	465,560	488,205	2.6	2.6	2.6
English and non-official language(s)	32,530	16,345	16,185	14.5	14.8	14.3	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570	13.2	13.0	13.4
French and non-official language(s)	115	50	65	0.1	0.0	0.1	395,320	188,195	207,125	1.1	1.0	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	940	460	475	0.4	0.4	0.4	455,760	217,995	237,770	1.2	1.2	1.3
Multiple non-official languages	1,405	710	690	0.6	0.6	0.6	200,320	93,165	107,155	0.5	0.5	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	223,810	110,280	113,535	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	214,720	105,675	109,040	95.9	95.8	96.0	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035	95.7	95.8	95.7
Official languages	188,395	92,390	96,000	84.2	83.8	84.6	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850	83.1	83.4	82.7
English	187,440	91,930	95,515	83.7	83.4	84.1	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485	63.8	64.2	63.5
French	950	460	490	0.4	0.4	0.4	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365	19.2	19.3	19.2
Non-official languages	26,325	13,290	13,040	11.8	12.1	11.5	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190	12.7	12.4	12.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	85,835	42,950	42,885	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	50,135	25,010	25,120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	495	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,255	19,165	19,090	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,345	2,285	2,060	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,700	13,425	13,270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	300	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,545	1,225	1,315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	305	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,455	730	725	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	830	430	405	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,585	10,400	10,180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,710	3,190	3,520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	260	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,650	1,250	1,395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,595	1,225	1,365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,250	4,100	4,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	105	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,540	2,305	2,235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,480	1,685	1,800	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	195	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,925	1,405	1,515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,260	3,675	3,585	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,230	3,655	3,575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	100	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,255	2,610	2,650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	705	390	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	110	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	220	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	755	420	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,295	13,695	13,600	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,140	13,625	13,520	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	80	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	130	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	110	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	115	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,245	13,255	12,990	11.7	12.0	11.4	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305	12.4	12.1	12.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,095	1,015	1,080	0.9	0.9	1.0	395,840	197,010	198,830	1.1	1.1	1.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,295	5,940	5,355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,180	5,325	4,850	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	840	455	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	155	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	425	410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	635	330	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	265	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	420	195	220	0.2	0.2	0.2	30,375	14,115	16,260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,645	890	760	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,890	1,935	1,960	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	290	135	155	0.1	0.1	0.1	24,410	11,075	13,335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	215	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,675	815	860	0.7	0.7	0.8	352,790	176,270	176,520	1.0	1.0	1.0
Amharic	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,030	6,470	7,565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,225	595	630	0.5	0.5	0.6	285,915	143,650	142,260	0.8	0.8	0.8
Aramaic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,740	9,940	10,800	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,935	6,150	6,785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,585	3,185	3,400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,220	605	615	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	305	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,515	4,355	4,160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	360	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	355	180	175	0.2	0.2	0.2	21,860	11,050	10,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	135	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,280	630	650	0.6	0.6	0.6	127,730	58,660	69,070	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,650	4,765	5,880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,270	625	640	0.6	0.6	0.6	116,785	53,735	63,055	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	160	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,720	2,285	2,435	2.1	2.1	2.1	326,245	149,550	176,700	0.9	0.8	1.0
Bikol	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	370	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,125	1,895	2,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	220	105	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,195	4,720	5,480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	110	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,015	2,265	2,750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	18,350	8,350	10,000	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,150	1,985	2,170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	265	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	150	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	370	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	165	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	205	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	145	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,030	1,435	1,590	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	310	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,015	1,940	2,070	1.8	1.8	1.8	275,045	125,870	149,170	0.8	0.7	0.8
Waray-Waray	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	325	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,100	1,000	1,105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,195	15,455	19,740	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,610	9,620	12,990	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	125	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	150	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,640	1,760	1,880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	135	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,120	3,275	3,845	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	870	395	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	750	395	355	0.3	0.4	0.3	169,705	85,265	84,440	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,060	1,575	1,485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	455	245	220	0.2	0.2	0.2	35,390	19,010	16,380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	112,335	54,240	58,095	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	18,470	10,215	8,250	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	120	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	105	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,335	730	610	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	105	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,250	6,405	5,840	5.5	5.8	5.1	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380	6.2	6.2	6.2
Albanian	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,110	7,005	7,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,970	10,415	11,550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,170	585	590	0.5	0.5	0.5	303,480	143,495	159,985	0.8	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,495	1,120	1,380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	880	395	485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,615	720	895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,150	570	580	0.5	0.5	0.5	300,985	142,375	158,610	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	100	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,315	5,005	5,310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,680	2,705	2,980	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,105	2,880	3,225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	65,140	30,225	34,915	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	550	275	280	0.2	0.2	0.2	125,780	59,290	66,490	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	155	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	53,150	25,720	27,430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,480	3,135	3,345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,925	6,965	7,960	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,110	15,310	15,800	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	640	315	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,015	2,410	2,605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,375	595	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	325	170	160	0.1	0.2	0.1	27,825	13,250	14,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	295	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	165	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	140,450	68,575	71,875	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	110	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	103,780	50,460	53,325	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	86,820	41,815	45,005	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,270	3,640	3,630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,750	870	875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,950	4,140	3,810	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,710	16,730	16,980	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,095	3,055	3,035	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,100	3,950	4,150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,965	2,480	2,485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	240	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,845	6,895	6,945	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	100	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,940	920	1,020	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	280	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	125	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	435	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	740	355	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	235	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	38,300	17,490	20,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	9,745	5,185	4,560	4.4	4.7	4.0	1,167,370	590,435	576,930	3.2	3.3	3.1
Indo-Aryan languages	9,190	4,915	4,280	4.1	4.5	3.8	962,820	490,815	472,000	2.6	2.7	2.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	110	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	965	505	465	0.4	0.5	0.4	56,750	28,435	28,315	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	1,990	1,100	885	0.9	1.0	0.8	92,005	47,790	44,215	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindi	840	480	360	0.4	0.4	0.3	91,930	47,555	44,375	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,055	1,310	1,750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	130	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	880	415	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,460	3,800	3,660	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	270	135	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	16,835	8,595	8,235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	420	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	275	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	145	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,245	1,745	1,505	1.4	1.6	1.3	520,390	266,775	253,610	1.4	1.5	1.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	195	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,110	1,060	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,665	4,775	4,890	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,735	870	860	0.8	0.8	0.8	158,040	78,420	79,615	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,015	1,040	975	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	550	270	275	0.2	0.2	0.2	204,420	99,545	104,875	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	170	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,380	5,245	5,135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.0	13,215	6,670	6,545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	395	195	200	0.2	0.2	0.2	179,745	87,075	92,670	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.0	36,190	17,395	18,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	235	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	125,840	61,060	64,780	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,715	8,620	9,095	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	250	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	70	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	830	400	430	0.4	0.4	0.4	577,735	273,965	303,770	1.6	1.5	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	185	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	92,755	38,750	54,005	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	118,730	56,685	62,045	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	48,090	23,135	24,955	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	635	305	325	0.3	0.3	0.3	317,365	155,005	162,360	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	210	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	95	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,055	8,290	11,765	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	375	165	210	0.2	0.1	0.2	125,525	58,250	67,275	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,050	505	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	470	235	240	0.2	0.2	0.2	38,600	18,055	20,545	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,000	2,755	3,240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	280	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	150	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	225	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,315	665	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	115	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	260	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	770	765	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,720	1,205	1,520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,520	655	860	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	130	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,780	1,760	2,025	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,035	480	555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	145	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	45	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,055	3,290	3,765	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	130	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,945	1,040	910	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	5,395	2,505	2,890	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,720	1,250	1,470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,155	1,555	1,600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	485	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	295	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,465	705	760	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	75	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,160	7,005	5,160	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,175	4,660	3,515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,475	830	645	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,520	1,515	1,000	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,855	1,905	1,955	1.7	1.7	1.7	967,965	450,210	517,755	2.6	2.5	2.8
Chinese languages	3,445	1,695	1,750	1.5	1.5	1.5	955,685	444,115	511,565	2.6	2.5	2.8
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,625	1,645	1,985	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,560	1,275	1,285	1.1	1.2	1.1	530,945	249,675	281,270	1.4	1.4	1.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	775	370	405	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,945	6,255	7,685	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,750	2,705	3,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	790	375	410	0.4	0.3	0.4	393,430	180,000	213,435	1.1	1.0	1.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,985	3,360	3,625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	110	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	405	210	200	0.2	0.2	0.2	11,990	5,960	6,035	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,075	1,010	1,070	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	660	320	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	335	170	160	0.1	0.2	0.1	3,400	1,725	1,675	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	280	140	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,960	1,500	1,460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	225	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,395	2,680	2,705	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	225	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	135	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,120	4,660	5,460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,955	2,850	3,105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,955	1,725	2,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	85	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,490	16,530	15,960	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,200	1,095	1,105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,970	14,290	13,685	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	850	420	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	950	470	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	195	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,790	8,625	10,165	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	245	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,880	825	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,295	7,550	8,745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	195	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,095	4,600	4,495	4.1	4.2	4.0	1,563,345	758,295	805,045	4.3	4.2	4.3
English and French	325	160	160	0.1	0.1	0.1	230,955	112,070	118,880	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	8,445	4,285	4,160	3.8	3.9	3.7	1,123,355	546,255	577,095	3.1	3.0	3.1
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	125,525	60,405	65,125	0.3	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	56,805	27,370	29,430	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	190	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	26,705	12,190	14,515	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	223,810	110,275	113,535	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	193,760	95,265	98,495	86.6	86.4	86.8	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980	84.8	85.1	84.5
English	11,190	5,645	5,545	5.0	5.1	4.9	1,956,965	969,380	987,580	5.3	5.4	5.3
French	1,745	810	930	0.8	0.7	0.8	571,040	268,530	302,510	1.6	1.5	1.6
Non-official language	12,130	5,975	6,155	5.4	5.4	5.4	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260	6.1	5.9	6.3
Indigenous³⁹	395	145	245	0.2	0.1	0.2	63,565	29,285	34,280	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	11,730	5,825	5,905	5.2	5.3	5.2	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975	6.0	5.8	6.2
English and French	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	86,185	42,600	43,585	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,735	1,445	1,290	1.2	1.3	1.1	323,845	161,995	161,850	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	400	180	220	0.2	0.2	0.2	134,565	61,575	72,995	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,870	5,975	5,895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,705	880	825	0.8	0.8	0.7	234,905	115,470	119,430	0.6	0.6	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	220,175	108,690	111,480	98.7	98.8	98.6	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360	98.1	98.4	97.8
English	220,040	108,625	111,415	98.6	98.8	98.5	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470	87.1	87.9	86.2
French	13,815	6,470	7,345	6.2	5.9	6.5	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875	29.1	28.5	29.6
Non-official languages	56,270	28,045	28,225	25.2	25.5	25.0	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400	29.5	28.7	30.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,005	440	565	0.5	0.4	0.5	243,155	116,360	126,795	0.7	0.6	0.7
Algonquian languages	870	395	475	0.4	0.4	0.4	163,815	78,135	85,675	0.5	0.4	0.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,680	3,120	3,560	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	745	340	410	0.3	0.3	0.4	105,850	50,975	54,870	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,815	3,455	3,360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	745	340	410	0.3	0.3	0.4	87,875	42,340	45,530	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	220	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	450	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,880	2,320	2,555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,675	2,025	2,645	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	330	145	185	0.1	0.1	0.2	12,005	5,440	6,555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,110	2,460	2,650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	375	185	190	0.2	0.2	0.2	61,000	29,930	31,070	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,745	4,935	5,805	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,035	515	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,035	4,770	5,260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,245	4,370	4,880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	820	420	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	42,865	20,015	22,850	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,950	895	1,060	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,305	7,450	7,855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	26,160	11,930	14,235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,035	875	1,165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	80	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	160	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,625	1,670	1,955	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,720	9,495	11,225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	100	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,390	9,635	10,755	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,135	9,515	10,620	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,550	680	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	125	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,560	5,470	6,085	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	115	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,330	1,140	1,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	775	355	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	195	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,210	620	590	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	265	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	130	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	140	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,140	1,080	1,060	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	40	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	870	400	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	75	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	120	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	50	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	50	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	140	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	90	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,795	20,980	21,820	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,140	505	630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	365	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	145	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,680	20,495	21,185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,055	880	1,175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	95	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,605	655	950	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	105	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	90	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,905	850	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,305	2,555	2,755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,415	670	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	285	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	300	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,090	510	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	165	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	135	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	705	320	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	190	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,965	1,465	1,495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	195	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	715	810	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	470	455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	180	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,135	555	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,110	595	515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	210	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,205	1,010	1,200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	145	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	170	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	820	355	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	700	315	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	310	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	405	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	55,310	27,620	27,690	24.8	25.1	24.5	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825	28.9	28.1	29.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,400	2,235	2,170	2.0	2.0	1.9	1,100,035	565,845	534,195	3.0	3.2	2.9
Berber languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,835	22,775	20,060	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	37,415	19,660	17,755	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,735	2,720	2,015	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	750	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	85	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	7,090	3,740	3,350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	85	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	5,080	2,695	2,380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,010	1,040	965	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,690	1,790	1,900	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	850	415	430	0.4	0.4	0.4	71,930	34,430	37,500	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,745	1,490	1,260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,635	4,860	4,780	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	615	300	315	0.3	0.3	0.3	59,005	27,735	31,270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,400	760	645	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,665	1,880	1,785	1.6	1.7	1.6	1,015,485	524,700	490,780	2.8	2.9	2.7
Amharic	355	175	180	0.2	0.2	0.2	48,305	23,910	24,395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	2,685	1,410	1,280	1.2	1.3	1.1	838,045	436,510	401,540	2.3	2.4	2.2
Aramaic languages	115	50	65	0.1	0.0	0.1	39,655	19,690	19,965	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,865	11,765	12,100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,285	6,625	6,655	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	85	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,195	1,625	1,570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,000	925	1,075	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	290	165	125	0.1	0.2	0.1	83,205	42,515	40,685	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,535	3,080	3,450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	670	340	330	0.3	0.3	0.3	45,970	23,120	22,845	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,760	1,065	695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,135	1,030	1,110	1.0	0.9	1.0	260,030	120,035	139,995	0.7	0.7	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,390	13,100	15,290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	2,055	980	1,075	0.9	0.9	1.0	232,800	107,435	125,355	0.6	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	910	455	455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10,005	4,785	5,215	4.5	4.4	4.6	793,275	336,445	456,840	2.2	1.9	2.5
Bikol	120	50	75	0.1	0.0	0.1	4,260	1,975	2,275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	270	135	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,990	4,625	6,375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	605	285	325	0.3	0.3	0.3	33,045	13,790	19,250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,765	900	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	16,385	6,650	9,735	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	1,055	490	565	0.5	0.4	0.5	61,680	25,280	36,400	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,815	8,895	10,915	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,950	770	1,175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	860	345	510	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,885	1,960	1,920	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,355	1,215	1,140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,565	785	780	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	60	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,770	4,995	5,775	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,555	4,690	5,865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,455	1,885	2,575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,730	4,640	5,090	4.4	4.2	4.5	737,565	310,735	426,830	2.0	1.7	2.3
Waray-Waray	90	55	35	0.0	0.1	0.0	4,520	1,910	2,610	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	330	175	160	0.1	0.2	0.1	20,140	8,785	11,355	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	365	185	185	0.2	0.2	0.2	184,840	85,045	99,790	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian Creole	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	134,895	61,215	73,680	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jamaican English Creole	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,875	2,200	2,675	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,955	870	1,090	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,345	7,620	7,725	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,535	785	750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	95	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,220	14,400	16,825	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,585	4,575	5,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,650	850	795	0.7	0.8	0.7	359,485	185,160	174,325	1.0	1.0	0.9
Kannada	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,420	9,660	8,760	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayalam	900	465	440	0.4	0.4	0.4	77,910	42,025	35,890	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	440	255	185	0.2	0.2	0.2	237,890	119,570	118,320	0.7	0.7	0.6
Telugu	400	215	185	0.2	0.2	0.2	54,685	30,575	24,110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tulu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,765	935	835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	970	450	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,015	1,565	1,445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	365	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	27,325	13,960	13,365	12.2	12.7	11.8	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195	16.1	16.0	16.2
Albanian	260	150	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	38,345	19,410	18,935	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	44,500	21,675	22,825	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	3,615	1,700	1,915	1.6	1.5	1.7	820,305	384,390	435,915	2.3	2.1	2.4
Baltic languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,890	5,900	7,985	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,020	2,595	3,425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,895	3,325	4,570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,575	1,680	1,900	1.6	1.5	1.7	809,985	380,025	429,960	2.2	2.1	2.3
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,825	1,185	1,640	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,210	11,805	12,400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,625	13,595	15,030	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,015	10,965	12,050	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	365	175	195	0.2	0.2	0.2	204,460	94,135	110,325	0.6	0.5	0.6
Russian	1,610	785	825	0.7	0.7	0.7	309,235	145,375	163,860	0.9	0.8	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	345	330	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	585	290	295	0.3	0.3	0.3	155,775	76,800	78,975	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	25,380	12,555	12,825	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	290	150	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	73,845	36,015	37,830	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	260	125	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	83,735	41,550	42,185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,085	1,590	1,500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,905	9,455	11,450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,650	4,715	5,935	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,665	750	915	0.7	0.7	0.8	131,655	59,230	72,425	0.4	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	385	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,485	5,430	5,055	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,360	2,940	2,415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,170	1,050	1,120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,170	1,015	1,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	910	495	415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,405	1,225	1,185	1.1	1.1	1.0	658,705	319,800	338,905	1.8	1.8	1.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,835	1,480	1,350	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,770	870	895	0.8	0.8	0.8	453,995	222,215	231,780	1.2	1.2	1.3
German	1,740	860	880	0.8	0.8	0.8	419,195	204,840	214,355	1.2	1.1	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,565	5,260	5,305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,465	5,025	5,440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,155	10,105	10,045	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	490	285	195	0.2	0.3	0.2	191,840	93,435	98,405	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	200	130	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	29,670	15,335	14,335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	250	140	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	107,985	51,330	56,650	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,555	5,245	5,315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,310	640	670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,165	20,590	20,575	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,985	1,825	2,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	37,500	17,205	20,300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,700	6,805	7,900	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,475	685	790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,860	4,180	4,675	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,620	6,765	7,855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,275	720	555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	755	390	365	0.3	0.4	0.3	145,060	71,685	73,375	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	17,290	9,110	8,180	7.8	8.3	7.2	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990	6.2	6.5	6.0
Indo-Aryan languages	16,400	8,620	7,780	7.4	7.8	6.9	1,918,570	989,350	929,220	5.3	5.5	5.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,155	590	565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,820	915	910	0.8	0.8	0.8	120,605	62,330	58,270	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	3,340	1,860	1,485	1.5	1.7	1.3	209,415	110,000	99,405	0.6	0.6	0.5
Hindi	7,705	4,100	3,610	3.5	3.7	3.2	761,425	395,410	366,015	2.1	2.2	2.0
Kacchi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,085	6,785	8,300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,830	965	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,950	4,300	4,645	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	260	130	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	35,230	18,210	17,020	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	390	205	185	0.2	0.2	0.2	30,660	15,680	14,980	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,235	1,665	1,570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,710	925	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,550	755	795	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,940	3,155	2,785	2.7	2.9	2.5	942,170	488,075	454,090	2.6	2.7	2.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	345	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,385	4,480	3,910	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,050	16,645	16,400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	3,945	2,035	1,910	1.8	1.9	1.7	414,870	211,895	202,975	1.1	1.2	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	210	120	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,320	6,280	5,040	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,080	590	490	0.5	0.5	0.4	370,520	186,750	183,770	1.0	1.0	1.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	985	565	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	24,035	13,005	11,030	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000	535	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	260	145	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	31,695	16,810	14,885	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	765	425	340	0.3	0.4	0.3	326,285	163,665	162,620	0.9	0.9	0.9
Dari	355	185	170	0.2	0.2	0.2	78,220	38,765	39,460	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	420	240	180	0.2	0.2	0.2	222,160	111,750	110,415	0.6	0.6	0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,345	15,460	14,880	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,830	970	855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,135	1,245	895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,635	1,740	1,895	1.6	1.6	1.7	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575	5.7	5.4	5.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,855	1,560	1,305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	575	235	340	0.3	0.2	0.3	547,655	263,950	283,705	1.5	1.5	1.5
Portuguese	350	175	175	0.2	0.2	0.2	336,865	164,985	171,880	0.9	0.9	0.9
Romanian	190	115	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	116,520	55,570	60,950	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	2,670	1,285	1,390	1.2	1.2	1.2	1,171,450	548,315	623,135	3.2	3.1	3.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,890	2,835	2,060	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,965	1,025	940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	400	175	230	0.2	0.2	0.2	98,070	43,380	54,690	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	630	300	330	0.3	0.3	0.3	203,885	92,275	111,605	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,545	1,085	1,455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	3,110	1,590	1,515	1.4	1.4	1.3	267,520	131,495	136,025	0.7	0.7	0.7
Akan (Twi)	195	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	26,240	12,585	13,660	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,950	2,570	2,380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,945	2,315	2,630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,645	2,490	2,165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,840	4,100	3,740	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	75	55	25	0.0	0.1	0.0	3,255	1,565	1,685	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,650	2,055	2,600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,850	750	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	530	285	240	0.2	0.3	0.2	18,365	9,345	9,020	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	13,515	6,305	7,210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,720	12,260	13,460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,695	1,300	1,395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,085	1,055	1,035	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,080	585	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,425	1,140	1,285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	160	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,825	7,070	7,755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,280	3,440	3,845	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,010	650	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,305	580	725	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	460	235	225	0.2	0.2	0.2	57,295	28,950	28,340	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,820	1,440	1,380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,940	6,925	6,015	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	1,280	645	635	0.6	0.6	0.6	50,935	25,265	25,675	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	310	160	150	0.1	0.1	0.1	43,625	21,935	21,685	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,090	5,570	5,530	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,815	1,470	1,345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,490	685	805	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,815	3,425	3,385	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,760	1,485	1,275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	305	180	125	0.1	0.2	0.1	49,535	19,685	29,850	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	250	135	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	37,620	14,430	23,195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,195	2,525	3,670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	50	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,450	3,515	3,940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,055	2,965	3,090	2.7	2.7	2.7	1,550,930	721,520	829,410	4.3	4.0	4.5
Chinese languages	5,315	2,630	2,685	2.4	2.4	2.4	1,528,860	710,700	818,160	4.2	4.0	4.4
Hakka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,830	6,845	7,980	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	4,130	2,050	2,080	1.9	1.9	1.8	987,300	452,995	534,305	2.7	2.5	2.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,825	840	980	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	51,755	22,840	28,920	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,660	6,060	7,600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,570	760	815	0.7	0.7	0.7	724,925	335,185	389,740	2.0	1.9	2.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,720	5,695	6,020	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,185	560	625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	685	305	380	0.3	0.3	0.3	22,300	10,955	11,345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,935	2,910	3,025	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,140	520	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	525	235	290	0.2	0.2	0.3	5,705	2,790	2,915	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	455	210	250	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,030	2,490	2,545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	845	395	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,160	4,565	4,590	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,940	890	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,220	540	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	245	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	33,705	14,255	19,440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	185	105	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	17,630	8,320	9,310	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	95	30	65	0.0	0.0	0.1	18,575	6,955	11,615	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	800	330	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	190	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	91,375	47,575	43,800	0.3	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,875	5,380	4,490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,415	600	815	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	78,500	41,130	37,365	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,660	790	875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,290	1,645	1,640	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,150	980	1,165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	315	150	165	0.1	0.1	0.1	85,055	39,290	45,765	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,315	2,320	2,990	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,325	6,735	8,590	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	305	145	160	0.1	0.1	0.1	64,625	30,320	34,300	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,545	2,750	2,790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	223,070	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	23,290	11,030	12,260	10.4	10.0	10.8	1,807,250	877,645	929,605	5.0	4.9	5.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	22,710	10,755	11,955	10.2	9.8	10.6	1,743,165	847,385	895,785	4.8	4.7	4.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	14,040	6,565	7,470	6.3	6.0	6.6	1,048,405	506,515	541,890	2.9	2.8	2.9
Métis	8,535	4,140	4,395	3.8	3.8	3.9	624,220	306,220	318,000	1.7	1.7	1.7
Inuk (Inuit)	140	45	90	0.1	0.0	0.1	70,540	34,645	35,895	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	370	170	205	0.2	0.2	0.2	28,855	13,645	15,215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	200	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	35,225	16,620	18,610	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	199,790	98,950	100,840	89.6	90.0	89.2	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710	95.0	95.1	94.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	223,070	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	12,680	5,905	6,780	5.7	5.4	6.0	831,720	402,310	429,405	2.3	2.2	2.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	210,395	104,070	106,320	94.3	94.6	94.0	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905	97.7	97.8	97.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	61,220	...	...	66.5	...	...	9,955,975	...	...	66.5	...	...
Renter	30,915	...	...	33.6	...	...	4,953,840	...	...	33.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	69,130	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	14,130	...	...	15.3	...	...	2,248,280	...	...	15.0	...	...
Not condominium	78,000	...	...	84.7	...	...	12,730,660	...	...	85.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	510	...	...	0.6	...	...	132,060	...	...	0.9	...	...
1 bedroom	10,810	...	...	11.7	...	...	2,124,485	...	...	14.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	23,810	...	...	25.8	...	...	3,829,965	...	...	25.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	30,900	...	...	33.5	...	...	4,982,900	...	...	33.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	26,105	...	...	28.3	...	...	3,909,525	...	...	26.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	27,460	...	...	29.8	...	...	4,662,125	...	...	31.1	...	...
5 rooms	14,260	...	...	15.5	...	...	2,323,910	...	...	15.5	...	...
6 rooms	12,625	...	...	13.7	...	...	2,037,185	...	...	13.6	...	...
7 rooms	11,565	...	...	12.6	...	...	1,796,855	...	...	12.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	26,220	...	...	28.5	...	...	4,158,855	...	...	27.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	89,080	...	...	96.7	...	...	14,625,230	...	...	97.6	...	...
More than one person per room	3,050	...	...	3.3	...	...	353,715	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	86,520	...	...	93.9	...	...	14,173,290	...	...	94.6	...	...
Not suitable	5,610	...	...	6.1	...	...	805,650	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	18,285	...	...	19.8	...	...	3,027,045	...	...	20.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	31,850	...	...	34.6	...	...	4,171,840	...	...	27.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	11,435	...	...	12.4	...	...	1,982,515	...	...	13.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,825	...	...	6.3	...	...	1,805,985	...	...	12.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,955	...	...	4.3	...	...	959,860	...	...	6.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,265	...	...	5.7	...	...	1,034,925	...	...	6.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	9,045	...	...	9.8	...	...	967,540	...	...	6.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,475	...	...	7.0	...	...	1,029,220	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	85,405	...	...	92.7	...	...	14,059,395	...	...	93.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	6,725	...	...	7.3	...	...	919,545	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	46,865	...	...	50.9	...	...	7,659,700	...	...	51.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	41,225	...	...	44.7	...	...	6,631,755	...	...	44.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,035	...	...	4.4	...	...	687,485	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	92,125	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,770	...	...	4.1	...	...	424,695	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	15,385	...	...	16.7	...	...	2,077,895	...	...	13.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	19,035	...	...	20.7	...	...	2,600,000	...	...	17.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	15,265	...	...	16.6	...	...	2,646,945	...	...	17.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	16,545	...	...	18.0	...	...	3,046,560	...	...	20.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	12,405	...	...	13.5	...	...	2,432,140	...	...	16.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,640	...	...	7.2	...	...	1,292,805	...	...	8.6	...	...
85 years and over	3,085	...	...	3.3	...	...	457,900	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	91,685	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,687,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	73,980	...	...	80.7	...	...	11,612,640	...	...	79.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	17,705	...	...	19.3	...	...	3,074,715	...	...	20.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	16,160	...	...	17.6	...	...	2,742,920	...	...	18.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	92,130	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	27,315	...	...	29.6	...	...	4,379,420	...	...	29.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	15,445	...	...	16.8	...	...	2,728,995	...	...	18.2	...	...
Not suitable only	4,400	...	...	4.8	...	...	595,110	...	...	4.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	4,835	...	...	5.2	...	...	645,465	...	...	4.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	745	...	...	0.8	...	...	135,770	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,430	...	...	1.6	...	...	199,355	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	380	...	...	0.4	...	...	64,095	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	0.1	...	...	10,630	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	64,810	...	...	70.3	...	...	10,599,520	...	...	70.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	90,135	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,355,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	9,285	...	...	10.3	...	...	1,451,025	...	...	10.1	...	...
Not in core need	80,850	...	...	89.7	...	...	12,904,530	...	...	89.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	61,210	...	...	...	...	...	9,807,720	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.0	...	...	63.0	...	...	60.0	...	...	60.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.2	...	...	11.2	...	...	14.8	...	...	14.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,400	...	...	1,240	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,462	...	...	1,462	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,498	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	340,000	...	...	340,000	...	...	472,000	...	...	472,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	361,600	...	...	361,600	...	...	618,500	...	...	618,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,910	...	...	...	...	...	4,936,850	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.9	...	...	14.9	...	...	11.7	...	...	11.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.5	...	...	35.5	...	...	33.2	...	...	33.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.1	...	...	23.1	...	...	20.0	...	...	20.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,150	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,214	...	...	1,214	...	...	1,209	...	...	1,209	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...	69,130	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	284	...	...	284	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	327	...	...	327	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	12,405	5,765	6,640	5.6	5.2	5.9	985,200	480,950	504,245	2.7	2.7	2.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	11,905	5,555	6,350	5.3	5.1	5.6	963,705	470,850	492,855	2.7	2.6	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	9,865	4,575	5,290	4.4	4.2	4.7	763,230	371,400	391,825	2.1	2.1	2.1
Métis single ancestry	1,985	965	1,015	0.9	0.9	0.9	146,010	72,680	73,325	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	54,475	26,770	27,700	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	500	215	290	0.2	0.2	0.3	21,490	10,095	11,395	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	485	200	290	0.2	0.2	0.3	17,665	8,215	9,450	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,430	1,185	1,250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,070	530	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	165	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	11,575	5,595	5,975	5.2	5.1	5.3	1,219,285	585,590	633,690	3.4	3.3	3.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10,995	5,355	5,645	4.9	4.9	5.0	1,183,350	568,980	614,365	3.3	3.2	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,020	2,945	3,075	2.7	2.7	2.7	801,630	384,550	417,075	2.2	2.1	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,895	2,375	2,520	2.2	2.2	2.2	362,130	174,975	187,150	1.0	1.0	1.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,595	9,450	10,150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	575	245	335	0.3	0.2	0.3	35,930	16,605	19,320	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	525	225	305	0.2	0.2	0.3	31,815	14,790	17,025	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,785	1,190	1,595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	500	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	125	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	199,095	98,615	100,480	89.3	89.7	88.8	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375	93.9	94.1	93.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	195,205	95,795	99,410	87.5	87.1	87.9	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315	91.2	91.2	91.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	45,050	22,905	22,140	20.2	20.8	19.6	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330	18.7	19.4	17.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	150,155	72,885	77,270	67.3	66.3	68.3	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990	72.6	71.8	73.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	27,865	14,180	13,685	12.5	12.9	12.1	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995	8.8	8.8	8.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	171,745	84,035	87,715	77.0	76.4	77.6	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610	74.4	75.0	73.8
Immigrants⁸¹	45,210	22,500	22,710	20.3	20.5	20.1	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340	23.0	22.2	23.8
Before 1980	3,820	1,890	1,930	1.7	1.7	1.7	1,540,610	731,340	809,265	4.2	4.1	4.4
1980 to 1990	1,880	945	930	0.8	0.9	0.8	924,320	443,805	480,520	2.5	2.5	2.6
1991 to 2000	2,670	1,240	1,430	1.2	1.1	1.3	1,511,475	708,315	803,165	4.2	3.9	4.4
2001 to 2010	9,090	4,415	4,670	4.1	4.0	4.1	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340	5.3	5.1	5.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	27,750	14,005	13,750	12.4	12.7	12.2	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055	6.8	6.6	6.9
2011 to 2015	12,835	6,605	6,235	5.8	6.0	5.5	1,126,330	536,615	589,715	3.1	3.0	3.2
2016 to 2021	14,915	7,405	7,510	6.7	6.7	6.6	1,328,240	644,900	683,335	3.7	3.6	3.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,115	3,440	2,670	2.7	3.1	2.4	924,850	499,490	425,365	2.5	2.8	2.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	45,210	22,500	22,710	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	4,335	2,280	2,055	9.6	10.1	9.0	748,265	377,795	370,470	8.9	9.5	8.4
5 to 14 years	8,155	4,400	3,755	18.0	19.6	16.5	1,438,440	730,675	707,765	17.2	18.4	16.1
15 to 24 years	7,195	3,230	3,965	15.9	14.4	17.5	1,594,290	720,630	873,660	19.1	18.1	19.9
25 to 44 years	21,815	10,655	11,160	48.3	47.4	49.1	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525	45.2	44.8	45.6
45 years and over	3,705	1,930	1,780	8.2	8.6	7.8	797,180	364,260	432,920	9.5	9.2	9.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	45,210	22,500	22,710	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,275	1,565	1,705	7.2	7.0	7.5	1,203,180	546,325	656,855	14.4	13.7	15.0
Brazil	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2	48,450	22,405	26,050	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombia	110	70	40	0.2	0.3	0.2	80,570	36,675	43,900	1.0	0.9	1.0
El Salvador	160	80	85	0.4	0.4	0.4	49,450	24,430	25,015	0.6	0.6	0.6
Guyana	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2	85,530	37,870	47,660	1.0	1.0	1.1
Haiti	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	99,945	44,585	55,360	1.2	1.1	1.3
Jamaica	675	315	355	1.5	1.4	1.6	145,360	63,430	81,925	1.7	1.6	1.9
Mexico	320	170	150	0.7	0.8	0.7	90,585	42,215	48,370	1.1	1.1	1.1
Peru	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1	31,420	13,925	17,490	0.4	0.4	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	85	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2	65,035	29,110	35,930	0.8	0.7	0.8
United States of America	1,160	500	665	2.6	2.2	2.9	256,090	115,380	140,705	3.1	2.9	3.2
Other places of birth in Americas	525	285	240	1.2	1.3	1.1	250,760	116,305	134,460	3.0	2.9	3.1
Europe	5,675	2,870	2,800	12.6	12.8	12.3	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785	23.5	24.0	23.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	195	95	95	0.4	0.4	0.4	35,925	17,705	18,220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatia	220	120	100	0.5	0.5	0.4	36,675	18,115	18,560	0.4	0.5	0.4
France	115	45	70	0.3	0.2	0.3	121,525	63,845	57,685	1.5	1.6	1.3
Germany	440	200	235	1.0	0.9	1.0	126,470	60,560	65,915	1.5	1.5	1.5
Greece	265	160	100	0.6	0.7	0.4	54,715	27,050	27,665	0.7	0.7	0.6
Hungary	130	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.3	31,050	14,595	16,450	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italy	290	140	150	0.6	0.6	0.7	204,065	101,445	102,625	2.4	2.6	2.3
Netherlands	200	135	65	0.4	0.6	0.3	75,830	39,020	36,810	0.9	1.0	0.8
Poland	215	95	125	0.5	0.4	0.6	135,030	60,660	74,370	1.6	1.5	1.7
Portugal	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	128,795	62,880	65,910	1.5	1.6	1.5
Romania	180	90	85	0.4	0.4	0.4	86,770	40,820	45,955	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian Federation	200	95	105	0.4	0.4	0.5	81,840	35,185	46,650	1.0	0.9	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2	31,925	15,480	16,450	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	885	405	475	2.0	1.8	2.1	81,135	36,840	44,295	1.0	0.9	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,380	705	675	3.1	3.1	3.0	464,135	229,710	234,430	5.6	5.8	5.3
Other places of birth in Europe	835	455	375	1.8	2.0	1.7	271,725	131,935	139,790	3.2	3.3	3.2
Africa	6,275	3,265	3,010	13.9	14.5	13.3	821,735	412,365	409,375	9.8	10.4	9.3
Algeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	79,660	41,065	38,600	1.0	1.0	0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	220	110	110	0.5	0.5	0.5	33,110	15,775	17,340	0.4	0.4	0.4
Egypt	345	175	170	0.8	0.8	0.7	73,710	38,730	34,980	0.9	1.0	0.8
Eritrea	425	220	205	0.9	1.0	0.9	31,385	16,575	14,815	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ethiopia	320	130	195	0.7	0.6	0.9	41,715	19,955	21,760	0.5	0.5	0.5
Morocco	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0	81,775	41,085	40,685	1.0	1.0	0.9
Nigeria	2,230	1,165	1,065	4.9	5.2	4.7	81,290	41,665	39,620	1.0	1.0	0.9
Somalia	345	165	180	0.8	0.7	0.8	32,500	14,600	17,900	0.4	0.4	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	325	190	140	0.7	0.8	0.6	51,590	25,740	25,855	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	2,020	1,085	930	4.5	4.8	4.1	314,995	157,170	157,825	3.8	4.0	3.6
Asia	29,845	14,735	15,110	66.0	65.5	66.5	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420	51.5	51.1	51.9
Afghanistan	260	125	135	0.6	0.6	0.6	62,450	30,940	31,515	0.7	0.8	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	250	155	100	0.6	0.7	0.4	182,940	92,300	90,645	2.2	2.3	2.1
Iraq	195	95	90	0.4	0.4	0.4	84,130	42,660	41,465	1.0	1.1	0.9
Lebanon	75	55	15	0.2	0.2	0.1	95,725	50,675	45,055	1.1	1.3	1.0
Syria⁸⁹	640	290	355	1.4	1.3	1.6	97,590	49,855	47,735	1.2	1.3	1.1
Turkey	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2	35,270	18,835	16,435	0.4	0.5	0.4
China⁹⁰	2,905	1,360	1,550	6.4	6.0	6.8	715,835	317,970	397,860	8.6	8.0	9.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	255	125	130	0.6	0.6	0.6	213,855	100,480	113,375	2.6	2.5	2.6
Korea, South⁹²	395	185	210	0.9	0.8	0.9	138,355	63,025	75,325	1.7	1.6	1.7
Taiwan	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	65,365	28,725	36,635	0.8	0.7	0.8
Philippines	9,835	4,720	5,120	21.8	21.0	22.5	719,580	305,115	414,460	8.6	7.7	9.5
Viet Nam	1,410	640	775	3.1	2.8	3.4	182,095	82,670	99,425	2.2	2.1	2.3
Bangladesh	1,240	665	580	2.7	3.0	2.6	70,090	35,675	34,415	0.8	0.9	0.8
India	7,380	3,820	3,560	16.3	17.0	15.7	898,050	451,120	446,930	10.7	11.3	10.2
Pakistan	2,640	1,335	1,305	5.8	5.9	5.7	234,105	118,390	115,715	2.8	3.0	2.6
Sri Lanka	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1	136,240	66,215	70,030	1.6	1.7	1.6
Other places of birth in Asia	2,155	1,070	1,085	4.8	4.8	4.8	375,340	175,930	199,410	4.5	4.4	4.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	145	55	85	0.3	0.2	0.4	61,965	31,055	30,910	0.7	0.8	0.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	14,915	7,405	7,510	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,328,240	644,900	683,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	800	405	390	5.4	5.5	5.2	154,490	74,275	80,215	11.6	11.5	11.7
Brazil	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.3	19,895	9,340	10,560	1.5	1.4	1.5
Colombia	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0	11,455	5,090	6,365	0.9	0.8	0.9
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,550	5,155	5,400	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jamaica	240	135	110	1.6	1.8	1.5	15,155	7,740	7,420	1.1	1.2	1.1
Mexico	100	50	45	0.7	0.7	0.6	17,150	8,405	8,745	1.3	1.3	1.3
United States of America	265	110	155	1.8	1.5	2.1	39,875	19,790	20,085	3.0	3.1	2.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2	7,060	2,980	4,075	0.5	0.5	0.6
Other places of birth in Americas	110	60	45	0.7	0.8	0.6	33,350	15,785	17,570	2.5	2.4	2.6
Europe	770	450	315	5.2	6.1	4.2	134,425	69,310	65,120	10.1	10.7	9.5
France	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1	27,175	14,560	12,610	2.0	2.3	1.8
Germany	30	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3	5,365	2,660	2,705	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	60	40	20	0.4	0.5	0.3	6,355	4,000	2,350	0.5	0.6	0.3
Italy	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0	4,240	2,470	1,770	0.3	0.4	0.3
Russian Federation	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3	10,905	4,335	6,570	0.8	0.7	1.0
Ukraine	160	75	85	1.1	1.0	1.1	14,515	6,570	7,945	1.1	1.0	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	165	105	55	1.1	1.4	0.7	22,755	13,550	9,200	1.7	2.1	1.3
Other places of birth in Europe	295	185	105	2.0	2.5	1.4	43,120	21,160	21,960	3.2	3.3	3.2
Africa	2,760	1,430	1,330	18.5	19.3	17.7	206,965	102,875	104,090	15.6	16.0	15.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,745	7,530	8,220	1.2	1.2	1.2
Burundi	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1	4,935	2,420	2,510	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cameroon	25	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3	11,795	5,545	6,250	0.9	0.9	0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2	8,915	4,200	4,720	0.7	0.7	0.7
Côte d'Ivoire	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1	7,915	3,795	4,125	0.6	0.6	0.6
Egypt	165	80	85	1.1	1.1	1.1	12,120	6,285	5,835	0.9	1.0	0.9
Eritrea	215	105	110	1.4	1.4	1.5	16,330	8,755	7,575	1.2	1.4	1.1
Ethiopia	95	30	60	0.6	0.4	0.8	9,385	4,415	4,970	0.7	0.7	0.7
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0	12,835	6,025	6,810	1.0	0.9	1.0
Nigeria	1,410	760	650	9.5	10.3	8.7	40,360	20,575	19,780	3.0	3.2	2.9
Somalia	75	35	40	0.5	0.5	0.5	6,315	3,240	3,075	0.5	0.5	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	90	55	30	0.6	0.7	0.4	8,510	4,290	4,220	0.6	0.7	0.6
Sudan⁹⁷	110	55	55	0.7	0.7	0.7	4,690	2,375	2,315	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tunisia	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0	8,155	4,185	3,975	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	470	230	235	3.2	3.1	3.1	38,960	19,250	19,715	2.9	3.0	2.9
Asia	10,565	5,110	5,450	70.8	69.0	72.6	823,205	393,110	430,090	62.0	61.0	62.9
Afghanistan	105	40	65	0.7	0.5	0.9	12,730	6,290	6,440	1.0	1.0	0.9
Bangladesh	490	245	250	3.3	3.3	3.3	13,185	6,670	6,515	1.0	1.0	1.0
China⁹⁰	1,215	605	610	8.1	8.2	8.1	118,035	50,365	67,665	8.9	7.8	9.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2	6,495	2,880	3,620	0.5	0.4	0.5
India	3,970	1,970	2,000	26.6	26.6	26.6	246,995	128,205	118,790	18.6	19.9	17.4
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3	25,650	12,310	13,340	1.9	1.9	2.0
Iraq	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3	17,715	8,835	8,875	1.3	1.4	1.3
Israel	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,850	2,565	2,290	0.4	0.4	0.3
Japan	15	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.3	4,445	1,035	3,410	0.3	0.2	0.5
Jordan	60	35	30	0.4	0.5	0.4	4,635	2,375	2,260	0.3	0.4	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	85	30	50	0.6	0.4	0.7	20,985	8,790	12,200	1.6	1.4	1.8
Lebanon	40	30	10	0.3	0.4	0.1	9,980	5,120	4,860	0.8	0.8	0.7
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,890	2,475	2,415	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistan	785	400	385	5.3	5.4	5.1	36,255	18,070	18,190	2.7	2.8	2.7
Philippines	2,320	1,085	1,235	15.6	14.7	16.4	151,490	66,720	84,765	11.4	10.3	12.4
Saudi Arabia	135	75	65	0.9	1.0	0.9	9,560	5,195	4,365	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sri Lanka	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	8,480	4,010	4,465	0.6	0.6	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	555	260	300	3.7	3.5	4.0	63,130	32,725	30,410	4.8	5.1	4.5
Turkey	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3	10,150	5,520	4,635	0.8	0.9	0.7
United Arab Emirates	55	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.5	8,405	4,325	4,085	0.6	0.7	0.6
Viet Nam	320	130	190	2.1	1.8	2.5	14,725	5,605	9,125	1.1	0.9	1.3
Other places of birth in Asia	220	110	110	1.5	1.5	1.5	30,410	13,035	17,375	2.3	2.0	2.5
Oceania and other⁹³	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3	9,160	5,335	3,825	0.7	0.8	0.6
Australia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1	6,535	3,845	2,685	0.5	0.6	0.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,625	1,490	1,135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	223,070	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	52,445	26,425	26,015	23.5	24.0	23.0	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690	26.4	25.8	27.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,220	14,020	15,205	13.1	12.7	13.4	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330	17.6	17.9	17.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	141,410	69,530	71,880	63.4	63.2	63.6	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290	56.0	56.3	55.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	41,390	20,605	20,780	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	28,700	14,780	13,920	69.3	71.7	67.0	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090	53.9	56.6	51.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	11,780	7,470	4,305	28.5	36.3	20.7	1,556,675	935,790	620,885	22.8	28.8	17.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	16,925	7,310	9,615	40.9	35.5	46.3	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200	31.0	27.8	34.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,330	3,050	4,280	17.7	14.8	20.6	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685	29.6	25.3	33.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,280	2,740	2,540	12.8	13.3	12.2	1,039,275	543,725	495,550	15.2	16.8	13.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	80	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2	91,900	42,145	49,755	1.3	1.3	1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	41,390	20,605	20,780	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	545	315	235	1.3	1.5	1.1	416,105	222,895	193,205	6.1	6.9	5.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,905	2,655	2,250	11.9	12.9	10.8	705,405	324,370	381,035	10.3	10.0	10.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,255	680	580	3.0	3.3	2.8	183,250	92,135	91,110	2.7	2.8	2.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,605	2,150	1,450	8.7	10.4	7.0	377,130	188,535	188,590	5.5	5.8	5.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	180	80	95	0.4	0.4	0.5	39,540	15,685	23,855	0.6	0.5	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	30,895	14,730	16,170	74.6	71.5	77.8	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280	74.8	74.0	75.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	223,070	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	57,340	28,975	28,370	25.7	26.3	25.1	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415	26.5	26.3	26.8
South Asian	19,200	10,035	9,165	8.6	9.1	8.1	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275	7.1	7.4	6.8
Chinese	5,880	2,970	2,915	2.6	2.7	2.6	1,715,770	808,745	907,035	4.7	4.5	4.9
Black	9,820	5,040	4,785	4.4	4.6	4.2	1,547,870	754,100	793,765	4.3	4.2	4.3
Filipino	11,995	5,750	6,240	5.4	5.2	5.5	957,355	427,755	529,600	2.6	2.4	2.9
Arab	1,995	1,040	960	0.9	0.9	0.8	694,015	362,845	331,170	1.9	2.0	1.8
Latin American	1,410	690	720	0.6	0.6	0.6	580,235	281,030	299,200	1.6	1.6	1.6
Southeast Asian	3,530	1,735	1,800	1.6	1.6	1.6	390,340	184,120	206,220	1.1	1.0	1.1
West Asian	925	495	430	0.4	0.5	0.4	360,495	181,795	178,695	1.0	1.0	1.0
Korean	605	275	330	0.3	0.3	0.3	218,140	101,855	116,285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Japanese	275	120	155	0.1	0.1	0.1	98,890	42,315	56,575	0.3	0.2	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	380	175	210	0.2	0.2	0.2	172,885	83,310	89,580	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple visible minorities	1,320	655	660	0.6	0.6	0.6	331,805	160,790	171,010	0.9	0.9	0.9
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	165,730	81,000	84,730	74.3	73.7	74.9	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900	73.5	73.7	73.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	223,075	109,975	113,095	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	18,775	9,460	9,325	8.4	8.6	8.2	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530	15.6	15.8	15.4
English	41,185	20,070	21,115	18.5	18.2	18.7	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580	14.7	14.5	14.8
Irish	29,090	13,795	15,295	13.0	12.5	13.5	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505	12.1	11.7	12.6
Scottish	34,185	16,635	17,550	15.3	15.1	15.5	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580	12.1	11.9	12.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	18,565	9,015	9,550	8.3	8.2	8.4	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250	11.0	11.0	11.0
German	55,470	26,925	28,545	24.9	24.5	25.2	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230	8.1	8.1	8.2
Chinese	6,350	3,160	3,190	2.8	2.9	2.8	1,713,870	806,365	907,500	4.7	4.5	4.9
Italian	3,005	1,445	1,560	1.3	1.3	1.4	1,546,390	774,250	772,140	4.3	4.3	4.2
Indian (India)	9,420	4,985	4,430	4.2	4.5	3.9	1,347,715	691,535	656,185	3.7	3.9	3.6
Ukrainian	25,760	12,385	13,370	11.5	11.3	11.8	1,258,635	612,455	646,175	3.5	3.4	3.5
Dutch	4,735	2,275	2,460	2.1	2.1	2.2	988,585	489,045	499,545	2.7	2.7	2.7
Polish	11,270	5,345	5,925	5.1	4.9	5.2	982,820	472,290	510,525	2.7	2.6	2.8
Québécois	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	981,635	490,130	491,510	2.7	2.7	2.7
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,060	2,530	2,535	2.3	2.3	2.2	938,950	462,420	476,530	2.6	2.6	2.6
Filipino	10,810	5,215	5,600	4.8	4.7	5.0	925,490	414,915	510,570	2.5	2.3	2.8
French Canadian	1,015	540	470	0.5	0.5	0.4	906,315	441,610	464,705	2.5	2.5	2.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,960	1,580	1,385	1.3	1.4	1.2	691,260	347,080	344,175	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	8,090	3,890	4,205	3.6	3.5	3.7	632,340	304,220	328,120	1.7	1.7	1.8
Métis	7,915	3,775	4,140	3.5	3.4	3.7	560,335	271,985	288,350	1.5	1.5	1.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,295	1,195	1,100	1.0	1.1	1.0	551,910	278,060	273,850	1.5	1.6	1.5
Russian	6,060	2,930	3,130	2.7	2.7	2.8	548,140	260,075	288,065	1.5	1.4	1.6
Norwegian	9,695	4,615	5,085	4.3	4.2	4.5	466,500	224,290	242,210	1.3	1.3	1.3
Welsh	3,695	1,815	1,880	1.7	1.7	1.7	455,720	216,490	239,230	1.3	1.2	1.3
Portuguese	440	220	220	0.2	0.2	0.2	448,305	222,770	225,535	1.2	1.2	1.2
American	2,240	1,165	1,075	1.0	1.1	1.0	353,495	172,240	181,255	1.0	1.0	1.0
Spanish	1,605	690	915	0.7	0.6	0.8	342,040	160,475	181,570	0.9	0.9	1.0
Swedish	5,075	2,390	2,685	2.3	2.2	2.4	334,505	156,840	177,665	0.9	0.9	1.0
Hungarian	8,225	4,050	4,170	3.7	3.7	3.7	320,150	155,755	164,395	0.9	0.9	0.9
Acadian	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	305,170	145,500	159,675	0.8	0.8	0.9
Pakistani	2,905	1,480	1,425	1.3	1.3	1.3	303,260	154,435	148,825	0.8	0.9	0.8
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,725	905	820	0.8	0.8	0.7	301,955	148,335	153,625	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jewish	750	400	355	0.3	0.4	0.3	282,015	141,530	140,490	0.8	0.8	0.8
Punjabi	1,880	990	890	0.8	0.9	0.8	279,950	145,620	134,330	0.8	0.8	0.7
Vietnamese	2,055	1,015	1,040	0.9	0.9	0.9	275,530	131,075	144,445	0.8	0.7	0.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	995	530	465	0.4	0.5	0.4	263,710	138,210	125,500	0.7	0.8	0.7
Greek	1,275	680	590	0.6	0.6	0.5	262,140	132,975	129,160	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jamaican	965	440	525	0.4	0.4	0.5	249,070	119,265	129,805	0.7	0.7	0.7
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,120	1,045	1,075	1.0	1.0	1.0	226,220	107,785	118,435	0.6	0.6	0.6
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	4,185	1,935	2,250	1.9	1.8	2.0	219,855	105,825	114,030	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korean	615	285	325	0.3	0.3	0.3	217,650	101,805	115,845	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	4,560	2,215	2,345	2.0	2.0	2.1	215,885	103,720	112,165	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	295	150	150	0.1	0.1	0.1	210,605	107,990	102,615	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian	410	230	180	0.2	0.2	0.2	200,465	100,790	99,675	0.6	0.6	0.5
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	540	290	255	0.2	0.3	0.2	200,340	99,800	100,540	0.6	0.6	0.5
Danish	2,060	955	1,105	0.9	0.9	1.0	196,945	96,220	100,725	0.5	0.5	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,060	940	1,120	0.9	0.9	1.0	194,840	94,035	100,810	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	1,170	645	530	0.5	0.6	0.5	194,640	101,255	93,385	0.5	0.6	0.5
Austrian	5,890	2,860	3,030	2.6	2.6	2.7	189,535	92,740	96,800	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belgian	1,595	825	770	0.7	0.8	0.7	182,175	90,150	92,030	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	178,990	84,510	94,490	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hindu	1,330	690	640	0.6	0.6	0.6	166,160	87,665	78,495	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mexican	570	300	275	0.3	0.3	0.2	155,495	77,435	78,055	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	745	365	380	0.3	0.3	0.3	155,095	77,735	77,360	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	780	400	375	0.3	0.4	0.3	145,570	72,015	73,555	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	820	375	450	0.4	0.3	0.4	144,055	69,270	74,785	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sri Lankan	100	60	40	0.0	0.1	0.0	132,410	65,175	67,240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatian	620	320	300	0.3	0.3	0.3	130,820	64,915	65,905	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	365	145	215	0.2	0.1	0.2	129,425	56,850	72,580	0.4	0.3	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	425	210	215	0.2	0.2	0.2	120,125	60,575	59,550	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	125	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	111,605	53,700	57,905	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,180	625	555	0.5	0.6	0.5	110,735	54,730	56,005	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	620	330	285	0.3	0.3	0.3	105,620	54,095	51,525	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egyptian	400	215	185	0.2	0.2	0.2	105,245	55,230	50,020	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	185	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	104,765	51,375	53,395	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.0	102,170	51,165	51,005	0.3	0.3	0.3
Icelandic	1,290	545	745	0.6	0.5	0.7	101,990	50,370	51,620	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombian	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	100,555	47,995	52,560	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moroccan	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	99,980	50,835	49,150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czech	1,035	500	530	0.5	0.5	0.5	98,925	47,495	51,430	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	475	200	270	0.2	0.2	0.2	98,250	49,385	48,865	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	125	45	75	0.1	0.0	0.1	97,210	46,270	50,940	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afghan	460	240	225	0.2	0.2	0.2	96,810	48,255	48,550	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	205	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	94,585	44,335	50,250	0.3	0.2	0.3
Serbian	460	220	245	0.2	0.2	0.2	93,360	46,945	46,410	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ojibway	425	185	240	0.2	0.2	0.2	92,220	44,610	47,600	0.3	0.2	0.3
Newfoundlander	80	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	91,670	45,665	46,005	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	81,680	39,485	42,195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ontarian	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	80,555	39,675	40,880	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian	170	100	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	80,340	41,415	38,925	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	77,405	37,655	39,750	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	225	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	76,745	39,955	36,795	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	200	70	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	76,675	37,315	39,365	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladeshi	1,235	635	600	0.6	0.6	0.5	75,425	39,085	36,335	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algerian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	73,770	38,035	35,740	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazilian	200	105	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	71,755	34,670	37,085	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	1,430	775	655	0.6	0.7	0.6	69,540	34,680	34,860	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	68,850	34,105	34,745	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovak	345	210	135	0.2	0.2	0.1	68,210	33,475	34,740	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	405	175	225	0.2	0.2	0.2	66,780	31,525	35,255	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	665	290	375	0.3	0.3	0.3	65,555	31,555	33,995	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwanese	65	50	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	64,020	29,280	34,740	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraqi	165	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	59,300	29,865	29,435	0.2	0.2	0.2
Salvadorean	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	59,280	29,150	30,130	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	165	95	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	59,050	26,385	32,670	0.2	0.1	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	365	180	190	0.2	0.2	0.2	58,870	27,845	31,025	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	235	110	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	58,840	30,560	28,280	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	57,195	25,715	31,475	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquin	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	56,070	27,025	29,040	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	52,085	23,685	28,395	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lithuanian	245	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	52,040	24,510	27,530	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	270	160	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	49,840	24,885	24,955	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	240	125	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	46,765	24,165	22,595	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	45,905	23,930	21,975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	300	185	115	0.1	0.2	0.1	45,685	22,520	23,165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	135	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.0	45,260	22,000	23,260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	44,720	21,700	23,025	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	350	165	185	0.2	0.2	0.2	42,545	20,675	21,875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115	40	70	0.1	0.0	0.1	42,405	20,105	22,300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,295	19,925	22,370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	1,145	595	550	0.5	0.5	0.5	42,075	21,740	20,330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,950	19,835	22,115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,700	22,325	19,370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	195	115	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	41,620	21,050	20,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	70	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	40,670	20,210	20,455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,440	19,500	19,940	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	38,595	18,785	19,815	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	185	100	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	38,520	18,935	19,585	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	37,670	18,235	19,435	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	485	240	240	0.2	0.2	0.2	36,970	19,580	17,385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	640	340	305	0.3	0.3	0.3	36,290	18,185	18,110	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	35,395	17,140	18,250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,345	18,410	16,940	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,330	16,485	16,845	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	450	190	260	0.2	0.2	0.2	33,135	15,355	17,775	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,085	16,235	16,850	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,575	16,525	16,055	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	235	105	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	31,720	15,650	16,065	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,440	15,265	16,175	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	250	130	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	31,430	15,700	15,730	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	175	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	30,565	14,635	15,930	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,465	16,585	13,875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	110	45	70	0.0	0.0	0.1	30,220	15,225	14,995	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,065	14,830	15,235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	220	105	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	28,490	14,320	14,170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,395	13,220	15,175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,225	13,490	14,735	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,140	13,515	14,620	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	450	225	225	0.2	0.2	0.2	26,675	13,830	12,850	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,535	12,960	13,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,460	13,920	12,540	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	80	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,330	11,910	14,415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	340	195	150	0.2	0.2	0.1	25,875	12,500	13,375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	405	205	200	0.2	0.2	0.2	25,575	11,860	13,715	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	100	55	45	0.0	0.1	0.0	25,200	12,495	12,710	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,420	12,265	12,155	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,325	12,230	12,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ecuadorian	45	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,255	11,510	12,745	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,110	11,540	12,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,500	11,665	11,840	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	65	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,455	11,080	12,375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,130	12,670	10,460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,020	11,040	11,980	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	110	60	40	0.0	0.1	0.0	22,785	11,695	11,090	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,785	11,680	11,105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,570	11,405	11,165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	185	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	22,275	8,525	13,750	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,125	10,615	11,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	285	155	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	21,975	11,215	10,765	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,565	10,595	9,975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,685	9,730	9,955	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igbo	595	320	280	0.3	0.3	0.2	19,305	9,890	9,415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,850	9,055	9,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,745	9,030	9,710	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,545	8,975	9,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,420	8,545	9,870	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moldovan	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	18,190	8,850	9,340	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,955	8,625	9,330	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	65	45	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,755	9,275	8,470	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	245	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	17,485	8,825	8,665	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,465	8,710	8,755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	17,315	7,300	10,020	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,050	7,935	9,115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	565	250	315	0.3	0.2	0.3	16,570	8,255	8,310	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,315	8,565	7,750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,910	7,715	8,195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	1,300	625	675	0.6	0.6	0.6	15,780	7,505	8,280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,660	7,485	8,175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,650	7,290	8,360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,340	8,155	7,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	115	40	75	0.1	0.0	0.1	15,055	7,180	7,875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,010	7,255	7,755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	1,360	610	750	0.6	0.6	0.7	14,265	6,730	7,535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	100	55	55	0.0	0.1	0.0	14,260	6,525	7,735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	105	55	55	0.0	0.1	0.0	14,110	6,810	7,295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	13,910	7,435	6,470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,840	6,730	7,120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	75	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,755	7,020	6,730	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	115	50	60	0.1	0.0	0.1	13,565	6,510	7,055	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,525	6,610	6,915	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,245	5,800	7,445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	55	45	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,225	7,055	6,170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,095	6,530	6,565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,065	6,175	6,885	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,890	6,150	6,740	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,890	5,965	6,930	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	190	105	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,490	6,580	5,910	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,115	6,080	6,035	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,080	5,905	6,170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,710	5,980	5,730	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,920	5,370	5,550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,825	5,080	5,745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,750	5,130	5,620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,490	4,710	5,775	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,275	4,950	5,325	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,015	4,975	5,045	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,955	5,115	4,840	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,915	5,165	4,750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,835	5,135	4,695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,825	5,195	4,625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.0	9,795	4,725	5,065	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,700	4,710	4,990	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,455	4,705	4,755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,350	4,650	4,700	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,165	4,435	4,725	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	210	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,150	4,385	4,760	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,090	4,240	4,850	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,970	4,235	4,735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,400	4,270	4,125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,315	4,220	4,090	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,310	3,765	4,545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	100	60	45	0.0	0.1	0.0	8,285	3,910	4,375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,255	4,425	3,830	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,140	3,945	4,195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,115	3,995	4,130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,080	3,830	4,250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,945	4,265	3,680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,745	4,030	3,710	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,660	3,870	3,790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,640	3,835	3,805	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,635	3,690	3,950	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,535	3,305	4,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,480	3,865	3,620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,415	3,615	3,800	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,390	3,700	3,695	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,285	3,340	3,945	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,225	3,355	3,875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,220	3,515	3,705	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,810	3,630	3,180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,670	3,730	2,945	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,545	3,225	3,320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,500	3,265	3,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,480	2,945	3,535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,255	3,085	3,170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,165	3,020	3,145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,060	2,755	3,305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	485	250	235	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,050	3,065	2,985	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,985	2,995	2,995	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,980	2,965	3,015	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,945	3,010	2,930	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,925	2,855	3,075	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	223,075	109,975	113,100	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,790	850	935	0.8	0.8	0.8	356,975	157,435	199,540	1.0	0.9	1.1
Christian	117,905	54,955	62,955	52.9	50.0	55.7	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005	53.3	50.9	55.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	17,455	8,435	9,020	7.8	7.7	8.0	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995	7.6	7.4	7.8
Anabaptist	470	195	275	0.2	0.2	0.2	144,145	70,095	74,050	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anglican	4,645	2,075	2,565	2.1	1.9	2.3	1,134,315	515,270	619,045	3.1	2.9	3.4
Baptist	2,835	1,320	1,515	1.3	1.2	1.3	436,940	200,325	236,615	1.2	1.1	1.3
Catholic	53,990	25,615	28,375	24.2	23.3	25.1	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010	29.9	29.0	30.9
Christian Orthodox	3,745	1,870	1,880	1.7	1.7	1.7	623,010	301,055	321,955	1.7	1.7	1.8
Jehovah's Witness	915	425	495	0.4	0.4	0.4	137,255	59,505	77,750	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	520	280	245	0.2	0.3	0.2	87,725	41,365	46,360	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	10,855	4,935	5,915	4.9	4.5	5.2	328,045	150,115	177,925	0.9	0.8	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	355	155	200	0.2	0.1	0.2	100,655	46,640	54,020	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	3,085	1,425	1,660	1.4	1.3	1.5	399,025	180,870	218,155	1.1	1.0	1.2
Presbyterian	920	425	500	0.4	0.4	0.4	301,400	136,440	164,960	0.8	0.8	0.9
Reformed	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	79,870	39,250	40,620	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	12,900	5,400	7,500	5.8	4.9	6.6	1,214,185	531,740	682,445	3.3	3.0	3.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	5,080	2,330	2,750	2.3	2.1	2.4	745,650	345,540	400,110	2.1	1.9	2.2
Hindu	6,565	3,480	3,085	2.9	3.2	2.7	828,195	430,135	398,060	2.3	2.4	2.2
Jewish	365	210	155	0.2	0.2	0.1	335,295	164,220	171,070	0.9	0.9	0.9
Muslim	10,360	5,225	5,135	4.6	4.8	4.5	1,775,715	904,205	871,510	4.9	5.0	4.7
Sikh	4,305	2,245	2,065	1.9	2.0	1.8	771,790	394,345	377,445	2.1	2.2	2.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,210	470	740	0.5	0.4	0.7	80,685	38,460	42,230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,555	695	855	0.7	0.6	0.8	229,015	97,645	131,370	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	79,020	41,845	37,180	35.4	38.0	32.9	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080	34.6	36.9	32.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	220,495	108,695	111,805	100.0	100.0	100.0	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	187,225	92,215	95,015	84.9	84.8	85.0	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050	87.8	87.8	87.8
Movers	33,270	16,480	16,790	15.1	15.2	15.0	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550	12.2	12.2	12.2
Non-migrants	25,200	12,385	12,815	11.4	11.4	11.5	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005	7.1	7.2	7.1
Migrants	8,070	4,095	3,975	3.7	3.8	3.6	1,813,155	895,610	917,550	5.0	5.0	5.0
Internal migrants	5,610	2,825	2,780	2.5	2.6	2.5	1,519,200	748,025	771,180	4.2	4.2	4.2
Intraprovincial migrants	3,400	1,655	1,740	1.5	1.5	1.6	1,250,235	612,810	637,425	3.5	3.5	3.5
Interprovincial migrants	2,210	1,170	1,040	1.0	1.1	0.9	268,965	135,215	133,750	0.7	0.8	0.7
External migrants	2,460	1,265	1,195	1.1	1.2	1.1	293,955	147,585	146,370	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	209,595	103,240	106,360	100.0	100.0	100.0	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	121,160	59,805	61,355	57.8	57.9	57.7	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660	61.0	61.0	61.1
Movers	88,435	43,435	45,000	42.2	42.1	42.3	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420	39.0	39.0	38.9
Non-migrants	54,195	26,625	27,570	25.9	25.8	25.9	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460	16.7	16.7	16.8
Migrants	34,235	16,810	17,430	16.3	16.3	16.4	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955	22.2	22.3	22.2
Internal migrants	19,720	9,515	10,205	9.4	9.2	9.6	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755	17.3	17.2	17.4
Intraprovincial migrants	13,090	6,225	6,865	6.2	6.0	6.5	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105	14.7	14.5	14.8
Interprovincial migrants	6,630	3,295	3,340	3.2	3.2	3.1	921,345	459,695	461,650	2.7	2.7	2.6
External migrants	14,520	7,295	7,225	6.9	7.1	6.8	1,692,390	859,195	833,200	4.9	5.1	4.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	180,515	88,270	92,240	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	27,155	14,615	12,540	15.0	16.6	13.6	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000	18.0	19.6	16.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	153,355	73,655	79,700	85.0	83.4	86.4	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675	82.0	80.4	83.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	120,045	59,425	60,620	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,580	6,300	4,280	8.8	10.6	7.1	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140	11.6	13.6	9.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	109,465	53,130	56,340	91.2	89.4	92.9	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780	88.4	86.4	90.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	180,515	88,270	92,245	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	24,650	12,890	11,760	13.7	14.6	12.7	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395	16.2	17.1	15.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	56,800	28,460	28,345	31.5	32.2	30.7	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505	26.7	27.1	26.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	99,065	46,920	52,145	54.9	53.2	56.5	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770	57.2	55.9	58.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	47,895	23,550	24,345	26.5	26.7	26.4	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815	30.5	31.1	29.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,370	10,330	4,040	8.0	11.7	4.4	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055	8.7	12.2	5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,955	3,290	2,665	3.3	3.7	2.9	1,458,160	827,980	630,185	4.8	5.6	4.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,415	7,045	1,370	4.7	8.0	1.5	1,183,395	983,525	199,870	3.9	6.6	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,860	10,200	15,665	14.3	11.6	17.0	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560	18.8	16.4	21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,660	3,015	4,650	4.2	3.4	5.0	896,755	372,560	524,195	3.0	2.5	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	51,170	23,370	27,795	28.3	26.5	30.1	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955	26.7	24.8	28.5
Bachelor's degree	35,810	16,030	19,780	19.8	18.2	21.4	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315	17.5	15.7	19.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,550	1,180	1,370	1.4	1.3	1.5	556,510	243,200	313,310	1.8	1.6	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,325	635	690	0.7	0.7	0.7	214,105	108,000	106,105	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	10,055	4,670	5,385	5.6	5.3	5.8	1,740,605	824,250	916,355	5.7	5.5	5.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,430	855	575	0.8	1.0	0.6	279,660	165,795	113,870	0.9	1.1	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	120,045	59,425	60,615	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,250	5,345	3,910	7.7	9.0	6.5	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000	9.9	11.4	8.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	33,385	17,465	15,920	27.8	29.4	26.3	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825	23.0	24.4	21.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	77,405	36,615	40,795	64.5	61.6	67.3	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105	67.1	64.2	70.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,120	17,640	17,480	29.3	29.7	28.8	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885	34.3	34.7	33.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,760	7,830	2,925	9.0	13.2	4.8	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260	9.6	13.3	6.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,360	2,470	1,890	3.6	4.2	3.1	1,050,285	586,420	463,865	5.4	6.1	4.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,405	5,360	1,040	5.3	9.0	1.7	836,220	693,830	142,395	4.3	7.2	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,340	7,780	11,560	16.1	13.1	19.1	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575	21.4	18.7	24.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,020	2,025	2,995	4.2	3.4	4.9	623,090	261,035	362,050	3.2	2.7	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	42,290	18,980	23,310	35.2	31.9	38.5	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215	32.9	29.5	36.1
Bachelor's degree	29,285	12,985	16,300	24.4	21.9	26.9	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900	21.3	18.8	23.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,060	940	1,115	1.7	1.6	1.8	430,875	179,230	251,645	2.2	1.9	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,135	495	640	0.9	0.8	1.1	167,730	75,120	92,615	0.9	0.8	0.9
Master's degree	8,730	3,935	4,795	7.3	6.6	7.9	1,446,435	659,295	787,145	7.4	6.9	7.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,080	620	460	0.9	1.0	0.8	209,445	115,530	93,915	1.1	1.2	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	180,515	88,270	92,245	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	81,450	41,350	40,100	45.1	46.8	43.5	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900	42.8	44.1	41.6
Education	7,905	2,060	5,845	4.4	2.3	6.3	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	3.7	1.7	5.5
13. Education	7,905	2,060	5,845	4.4	2.3	6.3	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	3.7	1.7	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,565	1,175	1,395	1.4	1.3	1.5	631,255	274,065	357,190	2.1	1.8	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	375	255	120	0.2	0.3	0.1	74,785	53,390	21,395	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,195	920	1,275	1.2	1.0	1.4	556,470	220,680	335,790	1.8	1.5	2.2
Humanities	4,645	1,810	2,835	2.6	2.1	3.1	926,560	354,120	572,440	3.1	2.4	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	375	95	280	0.2	0.1	0.3	106,345	23,460	82,885	0.4	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	1,130	345	785	0.6	0.4	0.9	184,600	53,020	131,580	0.6	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,285	425	860	0.7	0.5	0.9	316,050	119,215	196,830	1.0	0.8	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	18,935	6,835	12,095	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	365	175	190	0.2	0.2	0.2	57,745	33,040	24,700	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	710	410	300	0.4	0.5	0.3	77,510	46,140	31,365	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	610	325	285	0.3	0.4	0.3	108,935	58,310	50,620	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	10	75	0.0	0.0	0.1	56,440	14,090	42,345	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,225	3,530	5,695	5.1	4.0	6.2	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360	6.6	4.5	8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	180	40	140	0.1	0.0	0.2	29,430	7,065	22,365	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,095	505	590	0.6	0.6	0.6	233,400	88,205	145,200	0.8	0.6	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,295	100	1,195	0.7	0.1	1.3	344,150	27,905	316,240	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,415	690	720	0.8	0.8	0.8	325,785	115,335	210,445	1.1	0.8	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	49,855	16,000	33,850	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,925	555	1,370	1.1	0.6	1.5	327,965	79,295	248,665	1.1	0.5	1.6
45. Social sciences	3,145	1,565	1,580	1.7	1.8	1.7	705,540	336,960	368,580	2.3	2.3	2.4
Business, management and public administration	24,945	9,745	15,200	13.8	11.0	16.5	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075	12.4	10.0	14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,335	1,705	3,630	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,245	630	1,615	1.2	0.7	1.8	272,240	55,995	216,245	0.9	0.4	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	22,670	9,105	13,565	12.6	10.3	14.7	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200	11.5	9.6	13.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,065	1,485	1,580	1.7	1.7	1.7	719,715	353,540	366,175	2.4	2.4	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,215	535	680	0.7	0.6	0.7	297,055	121,615	175,435	1.0	0.8	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	645	270	370	0.4	0.3	0.4	155,955	72,245	83,705	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,380	14,950	20,430	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	970	605	365	0.5	0.7	0.4	196,620	130,745	65,875	0.6	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	190	55	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	34,710	13,985	20,730	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,390	3,565	1,825	3.0	4.0	2.0	804,230	531,435	272,795	2.7	3.6	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,560	3,200	1,360	2.5	3.6	1.5	643,145	454,370	188,775	2.1	3.1	1.2
25. Library science	205	45	165	0.1	0.1	0.2	43,085	7,100	35,985	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	545	280	265	0.3	0.3	0.3	99,360	57,560	41,800	0.3	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	80	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0	18,640	12,400	6,240	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	19,420	17,495	1,930	10.8	19.8	2.1	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900	11.6	21.1	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	510	325	190	0.3	0.4	0.2	135,020	81,930	53,090	0.4	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	5,200	4,190	1,010	2.9	4.7	1.1	900,475	723,080	177,395	3.0	4.9	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,945	3,545	400	2.2	4.0	0.4	726,155	638,355	87,800	2.4	4.3	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	190	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,730	4,600	130	2.6	5.2	0.1	703,905	683,060	20,845	2.3	4.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,065	3,005	55	1.7	3.4	0.1	659,480	640,895	18,590	2.2	4.3	0.1
48. Precision production	1,970	1,825	145	1.1	2.1	0.2	380,505	363,710	16,795	1.3	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,690	1,015	675	0.9	1.1	0.7	407,545	234,360	173,175	1.3	1.6	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,275	735	540	0.7	0.8	0.6	262,580	140,520	122,070	0.9	0.9	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	410	275	135	0.2	0.3	0.1	144,960	93,845	51,115	0.5	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	15,520	3,105	12,415	8.6	3.5	13.5	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885	8.1	3.3	12.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,135	575	565	0.6	0.7	0.6	180,785	89,005	91,780	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	13,955	2,310	11,645	7.7	2.6	12.6	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855	7.2	2.4	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,255	1,425	3,825	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	395	205	190	0.2	0.2	0.2	64,030	34,630	29,400	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,685	1,940	2,745	2.6	2.2	3.0	1,006,425	520,970	485,455	3.3	3.5	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,000	670	2,325	1.7	0.8	2.5	548,520	151,115	397,410	1.8	1.0	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,965	3,520	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,900	6,210	690	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,055	685	370	0.6	0.8	0.4	227,835	160,930	66,905	0.8	1.1	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	615	570	40	0.3	0.6	0.0	219,205	199,190	20,010	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,305	1,640	3,665	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	120,045	59,425	60,620	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,635	22,815	19,825	35.5	38.4	32.7	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	32.9	35.8	30.0
Education	5,340	1,335	4,005	4.4	2.2	6.6	742,175	158,185	583,990	3.8	1.6	5.9
13. Education	5,340	1,335	4,005	4.4	2.2	6.6	742,175	158,185	583,990	3.8	1.6	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,060	945	1,120	1.7	1.6	1.8	490,455	210,500	279,955	2.5	2.2	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	270	190	80	0.2	0.3	0.1	54,645	38,170	16,475	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,790	750	1,040	1.5	1.3	1.7	435,815	172,330	263,480	2.2	1.8	2.6
Humanities	3,460	1,325	2,130	2.9	2.2	3.5	649,695	241,235	408,465	3.3	2.5	4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	280	75	200	0.2	0.1	0.3	79,235	16,400	62,835	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	870	270	595	0.7	0.5	1.0	134,815	37,610	97,210	0.7	0.4	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,015	345	670	0.8	0.6	1.1	216,725	80,505	136,220	1.1	0.8	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1	12,910	4,540	8,370	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	270	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.3	41,640	23,645	17,990	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	460	280	185	0.4	0.5	0.3	48,920	29,245	19,675	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	450	220	230	0.4	0.4	0.4	78,415	40,800	37,615	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	0	55	0.0	0.0	0.1	37,045	8,490	28,555	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,510	2,780	4,730	6.3	4.7	7.8	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885	8.1	5.2	10.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	165	35	130	0.1	0.1	0.2	23,895	5,520	18,370	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	960	465	490	0.8	0.8	0.8	196,475	72,125	124,350	1.0	0.7	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,055	95	960	0.9	0.2	1.6	270,970	20,095	250,875	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	1,120	505	615	0.9	0.8	1.0	261,265	82,850	178,420	1.3	0.9	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	37,830	12,160	25,670	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	1,430	365	1,060	1.2	0.6	1.7	249,205	55,840	193,365	1.3	0.6	1.9
45. Social sciences	2,645	1,260	1,375	2.2	2.1	2.3	549,090	254,250	294,840	2.8	2.6	3.0
Business, management and public administration	20,160	7,790	12,370	16.8	13.1	20.4	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260	15.0	11.9	18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,995	1,335	2,665	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,830	475	1,355	1.5	0.8	2.2	213,140	40,230	172,910	1.1	0.4	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	18,305	7,305	11,000	15.2	12.3	18.1	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685	13.9	11.4	16.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,445	1,140	1,300	2.0	1.9	2.1	513,555	241,780	271,785	2.6	2.5	2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	960	395	565	0.8	0.7	0.9	227,460	90,390	137,075	1.2	0.9	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	500	205	300	0.4	0.3	0.5	108,350	48,075	60,280	0.6	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,270	5,690	8,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	795	490	310	0.7	0.8	0.5	140,510	88,540	51,970	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	45	105	0.1	0.1	0.2	22,960	9,090	13,870	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,530	2,970	1,565	3.8	5.0	2.6	667,305	445,970	221,330	3.4	4.6	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,930	2,730	1,200	3.3	4.6	2.0	554,185	392,835	161,350	2.8	4.1	1.6
25. Library science	155	30	120	0.1	0.1	0.2	27,610	4,720	22,885	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	380	175	215	0.3	0.3	0.4	70,940	39,000	31,940	0.4	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,565	9,415	5,155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,215	13,570	1,650	12.7	22.8	2.7	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420	13.3	23.8	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	395	225	170	0.3	0.4	0.3	105,845	61,230	44,605	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	4,375	3,485	890	3.6	5.9	1.5	724,235	568,385	155,850	3.7	5.9	1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,075	2,720	350	2.6	4.6	0.6	536,600	464,510	72,090	2.7	4.8	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	160	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,565	3,465	100	3.0	5.8	0.2	510,105	493,000	17,100	2.6	5.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,310	2,270	35	1.9	3.8	0.1	467,225	452,385	14,840	2.4	4.7	0.1
48. Precision production	1,505	1,395	105	1.3	2.3	0.2	266,690	253,110	13,585	1.4	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,290	720	565	1.1	1.2	0.9	314,120	170,440	143,680	1.6	1.8	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	930	485	440	0.8	0.8	0.7	199,335	99,700	99,635	1.0	1.0	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	360	235	125	0.3	0.4	0.2	114,780	70,745	44,040	0.6	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	11,675	2,490	9,185	9.7	4.2	15.2	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795	9.4	3.9	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	830	435	395	0.7	0.7	0.7	139,280	67,885	71,385	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,490	1,885	8,605	8.7	3.2	14.2	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030	8.4	2.9	13.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,430	945	3,485	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	340	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3	48,115	23,255	24,860	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,720	1,550	2,170	3.1	2.6	3.6	772,450	399,835	372,615	3.9	4.2	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,385	560	1,820	2.0	0.9	3.0	414,520	112,935	301,590	2.1	1.2	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,955	2,575	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,850	3,415	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	835	530	305	0.7	0.9	0.5	183,025	128,295	54,725	0.9	1.3	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	505	465	35	0.4	0.8	0.1	168,105	152,620	15,485	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,075	1,150	2,930	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	120,045	59,425	60,620	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,635	22,815	19,825	35.5	38.4	32.7	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	32.9	35.8	30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	77,410	36,615	40,790	64.5	61.6	67.3	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100	67.1	64.2	70.0
Location of study inside Canada	59,170	27,790	31,385	49.3	46.8	51.8	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130	53.6	51.2	55.9
Same as province or territory of residence	48,815	22,545	26,265	40.7	37.9	43.3	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830	47.3	44.9	49.5
Different than province or territory of residence	10,355	5,235	5,120	8.6	8.8	8.4	1,239,495	602,195	637,300	6.3	6.3	6.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	18,235	8,830	9,410	15.2	14.9	15.5	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970	13.5	13.0	14.0
Americas	1,745	870	870	1.5	1.5	1.4	483,810	238,040	245,775	2.5	2.5	2.5
United States of America	1,265	670	595	1.1	1.1	1.0	279,005	143,575	135,435	1.4	1.5	1.4
Mexico	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	36,400	16,175	20,230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,345	4,275	4,070	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,620	5,645	4,970	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,780	6,110	6,670	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	40,050	18,445	21,605	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,165	13,875	17,295	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,780	3,025	4,750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,655	5,330	7,320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	45,000	21,575	23,425	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	1,865	1,030	830	1.6	1.7	1.4	543,725	281,205	262,520	2.8	2.9	2.6
Belgium	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,795	4,260	3,535	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	97,770	53,930	43,840	0.5	0.6	0.4
Germany	70	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0	22,450	12,070	10,380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,825	6,065	4,765	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,470	4,420	4,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,160	2,465	2,700	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,055	4,165	4,890	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,215	11,115	14,100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,250	16,190	16,060	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	36,095	16,250	19,845	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	425	205	225	0.4	0.3	0.4	36,405	16,635	19,775	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	16,040	9,175	6,865	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	600	385	215	0.5	0.6	0.4	151,900	81,980	69,920	0.8	0.9	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,030	2,915	3,115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,895	5,055	3,840	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,745	4,470	4,280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	270	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2	60,615	30,055	30,560	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	1,670	845	825	1.4	1.4	1.4	216,815	111,010	105,805	1.1	1.2	1.1
Nigeria	915	460	455	0.8	0.8	0.8	33,280	16,395	16,880	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,230	17,020	16,210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,640	12,125	11,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,655	7,100	5,555	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	30,255	15,145	15,115	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	19,060	9,900	9,160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	475	235	240	0.4	0.4	0.4	64,700	33,325	31,385	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	12,760	5,955	6,805	10.6	10.0	11.2	1,352,215	594,805	757,410	6.9	6.2	7.6
Iran⁸⁸	180	90	95	0.1	0.2	0.2	66,630	30,180	36,450	0.3	0.3	0.4
Iraq	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,515	8,250	8,265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,355	5,725	5,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,565	9,355	10,210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,405	7,885	8,520	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,855	6,595	5,260	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	1,140	515	625	0.9	0.9	1.0	201,100	87,370	113,720	1.0	0.9	1.1
Taiwan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,520	4,750	9,770	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,325	7,445	10,875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japan	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1	18,605	5,280	13,325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	165	60	110	0.1	0.1	0.2	53,575	20,575	33,000	0.3	0.2	0.3
Philippines	4,280	1,885	2,400	3.6	3.2	4.0	305,795	115,370	190,420	1.6	1.2	1.9
Viet Nam	345	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3	12,500	4,490	8,005	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	575	265	305	0.5	0.4	0.5	25,000	11,360	13,645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,085	7,090	7,995	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	4,490	2,230	2,255	3.7	3.8	3.7	405,850	199,380	206,475	2.1	2.1	2.1
Pakistan	985	470	520	0.8	0.8	0.9	75,155	35,055	40,100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other locations of study in Asia	300	150	145	0.2	0.3	0.2	64,385	28,650	35,735	0.3	0.3	0.4
Oceania	200	125	75	0.2	0.2	0.1	47,960	24,495	23,460	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	170	115	55	0.1	0.2	0.1	38,525	19,270	19,250	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,785	4,300	3,485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,655	930	730	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	180,515	88,270	92,245	...	...	...	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	...	...	...
In the labour force	121,685	63,155	58,530	...	...	...	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070	...	...	...
Employed	109,630	56,600	53,035	...	...	...	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025	...	...	...
Unemployed	12,055	6,555	5,495	...	...	...	1,988,645	999,600	989,045	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	58,825	25,115	33,710	...	...	...	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.4	71.5	63.5	67.4	71.5	63.5	63.7	67.7	59.8	63.7	67.7	59.8
Employment rate	60.7	64.1	57.5	60.7	64.1	57.5	57.1	60.9	53.4	57.1	60.9	53.4
Unemployment rate	9.9	10.4	9.4	9.9	10.4	9.4	10.3	9.9	10.7	10.3	9.9	10.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	180,515	88,270	92,245	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	60,505	26,655	33,845	33.5	30.2	36.7	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170	36.7	32.9	40.4
Worked	120,010	61,610	58,395	66.5	69.8	63.3	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500	63.3	67.1	59.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	68,355	37,005	31,350	37.9	41.9	34.0	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475	33.7	38.3	29.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	51,650	24,605	27,045	28.6	27.9	29.3	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025	29.6	28.8	30.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.7	41.5	42.1	42.7	41.5	41.0	41.7	40.3	41.0	41.7	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	121,685	63,155	58,530	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,515	1,890	1,625	2.9	3.0	2.8	486,865	237,950	248,915	2.5	2.4	2.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	118,175	61,265	56,905	97.1	97.0	97.2	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	97.5	97.6	97.3
Employee	105,420	53,550	51,870	86.6	84.8	88.6	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375	83.4	80.9	86.1
Permanent position	87,510	45,135	42,370	71.9	71.5	72.4	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310	69.6	68.3	70.9
Temporary position	17,910	8,410	9,495	14.7	13.3	16.2	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065	13.8	12.7	15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	5,670	2,425	3,240	4.7	3.8	5.5	867,740	386,965	480,775	4.5	3.8	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	12,245	5,990	6,255	10.1	9.5	10.7	1,804,030	885,740	918,285	9.3	8.8	9.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,755	7,715	5,040	10.5	12.2	8.6	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780	14.1	16.7	11.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	121,685	63,155	58,530	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,515	1,890	1,625	2.9	3.0	2.8	486,865	237,950	248,915	2.5	2.4	2.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	118,175	61,265	56,905	97.1	97.0	97.2	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	97.5	97.6	97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,255	805	460	1.0	1.3	0.8	254,760	177,450	77,315	1.3	1.8	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	22,435	7,285	15,150	18.4	11.5	25.9	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755	17.1	10.6	24.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,310	7,170	2,140	7.7	11.4	3.7	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595	8.2	11.9	4.2
3 Health occupations	10,485	2,050	8,435	8.6	3.2	14.4	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135	7.8	3.0	13.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	15,865	5,645	10,215	13.0	8.9	17.5	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075	12.0	7.5	17.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,845	1,270	1,575	2.3	2.0	2.7	596,785	275,420	321,360	3.1	2.7	3.5
6 Sales and service occupations	31,200	14,620	16,575	25.6	23.1	28.3	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945	23.9	20.6	27.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	19,595	18,065	1,525	16.1	28.6	2.6	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585	16.8	29.3	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,960	1,525	425	1.6	2.4	0.7	541,235	416,960	124,270	2.8	4.1	1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,240	2,830	405	2.7	4.5	0.7	857,540	612,415	245,120	4.4	6.1	2.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	121,685	63,155	58,530	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,515	1,890	1,625	2.9	3.0	2.8	486,865	237,950	248,915	2.5	2.4	2.7
All industries¹⁹¹	118,175	61,265	56,905	97.1	97.0	97.2	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	97.5	97.6	97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,150	830	325	0.9	1.3	0.6	434,800	295,160	139,640	2.3	2.9	1.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,070	895	180	0.9	1.4	0.3	239,030	195,605	43,425	1.2	1.9	0.5
22 Utilities	1,910	1,175	735	1.6	1.9	1.3	147,750	109,475	38,270	0.8	1.1	0.4
23 Construction	8,340	7,270	1,075	6.9	11.5	1.8	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025	7.6	12.6	2.2
31-33 Manufacturing	5,315	4,505	810	4.4	7.1	1.4	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330	8.0	10.9	4.8
41 Wholesale trade	4,300	3,270	1,030	3.5	5.2	1.8	610,295	406,960	203,335	3.2	4.0	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	14,000	7,325	6,670	11.5	11.6	11.4	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480	11.1	10.2	12.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,075	4,160	915	4.2	6.6	1.6	981,030	742,515	238,515	5.1	7.4	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	3,115	1,800	1,315	2.6	2.9	2.2	400,460	237,940	162,520	2.1	2.4	1.8
52 Finance and insurance	6,890	2,805	4,085	5.7	4.4	7.0	815,225	358,145	457,080	4.2	3.6	4.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,020	1,125	895	1.7	1.8	1.5	343,940	186,230	157,710	1.8	1.9	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,170	4,100	3,065	5.9	6.5	5.2	1,571,160	877,780	693,380	8.1	8.7	7.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2	45,455	21,495	23,955	0.2	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,350	2,555	1,795	3.6	4.0	3.1	792,600	457,880	334,725	4.1	4.6	3.6
61 Educational services	8,490	2,875	5,620	7.0	4.6	9.6	1,413,320	436,645	976,670	7.3	4.3	10.6
62 Health care and social assistance	17,380	3,510	13,875	14.3	5.6	23.7	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030	12.7	4.7	21.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,295	1,180	1,110	1.9	1.9	1.9	350,710	180,205	170,500	1.8	1.8	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	7,620	3,635	3,990	6.3	5.8	6.8	1,085,270	478,000	607,270	5.6	4.8	6.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	5,695	2,645	3,055	4.7	4.2	5.2	797,935	373,775	424,165	4.1	3.7	4.6
91 Public administration	11,795	5,535	6,260	9.7	8.8	10.7	1,188,915	598,780	590,135	6.2	6.0	6.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	128,280	65,940	62,345	100.0	100.0	100.0	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	123,425	63,645	59,780	96.2	96.5	95.9	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855	72.4	73.0	71.8
French	390	125	265	0.3	0.2	0.4	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420	15.3	14.9	15.8
Non-official language	575	275	300	0.4	0.4	0.5	169,205	89,515	79,685	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,935	3,590	3,345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	575	275	300	0.4	0.4	0.5	162,265	85,925	76,345	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	1,190	420	765	0.9	0.6	1.2	1,682,510	859,635	822,870	8.2	8.0	8.3
English and non-official language(s)	2,580	1,405	1,175	2.0	2.1	1.9	570,220	291,000	279,220	2.8	2.7	2.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,935	9,955	10,980	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	69,340	34,190	35,145	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,265	5,960	5,305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	128,280	65,940	62,345	100.0	100.0	100.0	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	127,580	65,595	61,990	99.5	99.5	99.4	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810	97.8	97.8	97.8
Official languages	126,620	65,080	61,540	98.7	98.7	98.7	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175	96.3	96.3	96.3
English	125,900	64,880	61,020	98.1	98.4	97.9	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105	77.0	77.4	76.5
French	725	205	515	0.6	0.3	0.8	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070	19.3	18.9	19.7
Non-official languages	965	515	450	0.8	0.8	0.7	310,455	161,825	148,635	1.5	1.5	1.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,435	9,725	9,710	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,600	6,020	5,575	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,115	4,715	4,400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015	585	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,985	3,170	2,815	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	65	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	385	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	110	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	80	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,695	2,500	2,205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,955	875	1,075	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	435	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	825	430	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,585	830	755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	875	490	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	340	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	610	295	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	410	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	410	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	255	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	70	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	75	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,630	3,200	3,425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,605	3,200	3,405	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	50	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	955	510	450	0.7	0.8	0.7	291,025	152,095	138,925	1.4	1.4	1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,265	5,300	3,955	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	185	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	155	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,785	5,080	3,705	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	95	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,190	4,250	2,940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	325	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	240	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	70	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	240	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	165	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,770	4,135	5,635	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	495	215	285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,260	3,905	5,350	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,760	2,180	2,580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	90	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	90	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,205	1,895	2,310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	185	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	170	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,010	1,410	1,605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	140	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,685	1,255	1,425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	15	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	230	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2	112,395	64,055	48,335	0.5	0.6	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	170	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	530	295	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,085	4,390	5,695	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	15	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,995	4,375	5,620	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	55	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	60	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,265	1,000	1,265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,240	2,085	3,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	485	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	80	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	95	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	310	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,265	620	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,250	8,060	6,190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,480	5,695	4,790	0.1	0.1	0.0
German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,615	3,655	2,970	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,560	1,405	1,150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	115	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,050	520	530	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,540	2,245	1,290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	965	515	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	420	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,940	1,275	670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	100	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	875	445	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	55,455	32,965	22,490	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	48,020	28,910	19,100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	290	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,115	515	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,235	1,145	1,090	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	125	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0	40,840	25,480	15,365	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	80	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,725	1,265	1,465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,430	4,045	3,385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	145	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,110	3,825	3,285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	800	445	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,715	2,980	2,735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	595	400	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,795	17,685	13,105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,625	730	900	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,970	4,070	2,895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	375	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,455	12,465	8,990	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,560	1,225	2,340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,345	7,125	7,225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	210	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	95	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,010	795	1,210	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,590	620	970	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	110	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	520	300	225	0.4	0.5	0.4	128,375	64,180	64,190	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	495	285	210	0.4	0.4	0.3	128,045	63,990	64,055	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	375	215	160	0.3	0.3	0.3	76,040	37,760	38,280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	210	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	50,950	25,725	25,225	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	240	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	175	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	85	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	80	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	310	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	275	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,345	695	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,270	660	615	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	215	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	25	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	170	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	695	340	360	0.5	0.5	0.6	453,880	231,205	222,675	2.2	2.2	2.2
English and French	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	321,975	163,305	158,675	1.6	1.5	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	550	285	260	0.4	0.4	0.4	115,955	60,210	55,745	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,280	2,795	3,485	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,405	3,795	3,605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,265	1,100	1,165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	128,280	65,940	62,345	100.0	100.0	100.0	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	124,985	64,310	60,670	97.4	97.5	97.3	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935	90.6	90.8	90.5
English	640	275	365	0.5	0.4	0.6	902,625	474,755	427,875	4.4	4.4	4.3
French	740	295	445	0.6	0.4	0.7	589,755	288,955	300,800	2.9	2.7	3.0
Non-official language	1,485	825	660	1.2	1.3	1.1	331,375	168,035	163,335	1.6	1.6	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,190	7,740	10,450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,455	815	635	1.1	1.2	1.0	313,185	160,295	152,885	1.5	1.5	1.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,940	1,445	1,495	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,125	15,680	17,445	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,615	11,475	11,135	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	210	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	330	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.3	50,740	25,425	25,315	0.2	0.2	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	109,630	56,595	53,035	100.0	100.0	100.0	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	22,315	10,145	12,170	20.4	17.9	22.9	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705	24.3	22.1	26.8
Worked outside Canada	195	155	40	0.2	0.3	0.1	58,335	40,295	18,035	0.3	0.4	0.2
No fixed workplace address	12,175	9,390	2,790	11.1	16.6	5.3	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415	12.7	18.3	6.6
Usual place of work	74,950	36,915	38,035	68.4	65.2	71.7	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860	62.6	59.1	66.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	74,950	36,915	38,035	100.0	100.0	100.0	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	68,510	32,415	36,095	91.4	87.8	94.9	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915	59.0	55.5	62.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,880	3,500	1,380	6.5	9.5	3.6	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810	21.6	22.1	21.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,145	710	435	1.5	1.9	1.1	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285	18.5	21.3	15.8
Commute to a different province or territory	410	285	125	0.5	0.8	0.3	98,060	60,210	37,850	0.9	1.1	0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	87,130	46,305	40,825	100.0	100.0	100.0	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	78,595	42,710	35,885	90.2	92.2	87.9	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825	83.9	86.4	81.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	72,605	40,890	31,715	83.3	88.3	77.7	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770	77.5	81.5	72.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	5,985	1,820	4,165	6.9	3.9	10.2	844,155	343,100	501,050	6.5	4.9	8.3
Public transit	3,145	1,210	1,935	3.6	2.6	4.7	1,000,510	422,270	578,235	7.7	6.0	9.6
Walked	3,160	1,320	1,840	3.6	2.9	4.5	672,815	296,610	376,205	5.2	4.2	6.2
Bicycle	505	340	165	0.6	0.7	0.4	138,615	92,195	46,415	1.1	1.3	0.8
Other method	1,730	720	1,010	2.0	1.6	2.5	285,820	144,225	141,595	2.2	2.1	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	87,130	46,305	40,825	100.0	100.0	100.0	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	36,430	18,265	18,165	41.8	39.4	44.5	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185	32.0	28.4	36.2
15 to 29 minutes	41,820	22,725	19,095	48.0	49.1	46.8	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285	34.8	34.5	35.3
30 to 44 minutes	5,240	3,075	2,160	6.0	6.6	5.3	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670	19.1	20.8	17.0
45 to 59 minutes	1,820	1,075	745	2.1	2.3	1.8	910,610	542,485	368,125	7.0	7.7	6.1
60 minutes and over	1,815	1,165	650	2.1	2.5	1.6	926,120	599,115	327,005	7.1	8.5	5.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	87,130	46,305	40,825	100.0	100.0	100.0	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,030	2,925	1,100	4.6	6.3	2.7	938,820	701,960	236,865	7.2	10.0	3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	13,970	8,550	5,420	16.0	18.5	13.3	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985	17.4	20.9	13.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	27,895	14,460	13,430	32.0	31.2	32.9	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845	26.3	25.3	27.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	17,230	8,110	9,125	19.8	17.5	22.4	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290	20.8	16.9	25.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10,260	4,605	5,655	11.8	9.9	13.9	1,661,340	740,915	920,430	12.7	10.6	15.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	13,745	7,655	6,090	15.8	16.5	14.9	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865	15.5	16.3	14.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	51,095	26,135	24,950	100.0	100.0	100.0	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,960	2,015	1,945	7.8	7.7	7.8	897,205	456,120	441,085	12.2	12.1	12.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	47,130	24,120	23,005	92.2	92.3	92.2	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505	87.8	87.9	87.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	36,465	18,790	17,670	100.0	100.0	100.0	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,030	1,555	1,475	8.3	8.3	8.3	682,190	346,420	335,770	12.7	12.5	12.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,175	1,075	1,105	6.0	5.7	6.3	467,685	234,475	233,215	8.7	8.5	8.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	855	485	375	2.3	2.6	2.1	214,500	111,950	102,550	4.0	4.1	3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	33,435	17,240	16,200	91.7	91.8	91.7	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595	87.3	87.5	87.1

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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