Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
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Commuting destination
Commuting duration
Main mode of commuting
Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Ethnic or cultural origin
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Visible minority
Families, households, and marital status
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Family characteristics
Household type
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Housing
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Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
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Admission category and applicant type
Age at immigration
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Immigrant status and period of immigration
Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
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Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
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Indigenous ancestry
Indigenous population
Instruction in the minority official language
Select all: Instruction in the minority official language
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
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Class of worker including job permanency
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Labour force status
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
Language
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Language used most often at work
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Mobility and migration
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Mobility status 1 year ago
Mobility status 5 years ago
Population and dwelling counts
Population and dwellings
Type of dwelling
Household and dwelling characteristics
GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Québec, Ville (V)More information:
Quebec
[Census subdivision]
 Remove		 24230756More information:
Quebec
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 CanadaMore information:

[Country]
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Counts Rates Counts Rates Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 549,459 ... ... ... ... ... 652 ... ... ... ... ... 36,991,981 ... ... ... ... ...
Population, 20161 531,902 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 35,151,728 ... ... ... ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 3.3 ... ... 3.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.2 ... ... 5.2 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 283,219 ... ... ... ... ... 301 ... ... ... ... ... 16,284,235 ... ... ... ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 265,711 ... ... ... ... ... 296 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,941 ... ... ... ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 1,214.8 ... ... 1,214.8 ... ... 2,409.5 ... ... 2,409.5 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 452.30 ... ... ... ... ... 0.27 ... ... ... ... ... 8,788,702.80 ... ... ... ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 549,460 267,585 281,870 100.0 100.0 100.0 650 315 335 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,991,980 18,226,240 18,765,740 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 81,030 41,355 39,675 14.7 15.5 14.1 125 70 55 19.2 22.2 16.4 6,012,795 3,086,510 2,926,285 16.3 16.9 15.6
0 to 4 years 25,250 12,960 12,285 4.6 4.8 4.4 40 20 20 6.2 6.3 6.0 1,831,195 938,790 892,405 5.0 5.2 4.8
5 to 9 years 28,145 14,410 13,735 5.1 5.4 4.9 45 25 15 6.9 7.9 4.5 2,054,900 1,054,240 1,000,655 5.6 5.8 5.3
10 to 14 years 27,630 13,980 13,650 5.0 5.2 4.8 40 20 25 6.2 6.3 7.5 2,126,705 1,093,480 1,033,225 5.7 6.0 5.5
15 to 64 years 343,410 172,560 170,845 62.5 64.5 60.6 305 150 160 46.9 47.6 47.8 23,957,760 11,915,050 12,042,710 64.8 65.4 64.2
15 to 19 years 24,665 12,380 12,285 4.5 4.6 4.4 30 15 10 4.6 4.8 3.0 2,012,975 1,036,730 976,240 5.4 5.7 5.2
20 to 24 years 31,980 15,915 16,070 5.8 5.9 5.7 15 10 5 2.3 3.2 1.5 2,202,255 1,138,825 1,063,430 6.0 6.2 5.7
25 to 29 years 39,470 20,145 19,325 7.2 7.5 6.9 15 5 10 2.3 1.6 3.0 2,421,510 1,228,135 1,193,370 6.5 6.7 6.4
30 to 34 years 36,900 18,700 18,200 6.7 7.0 6.5 30 15 15 4.6 4.8 4.5 2,518,835 1,252,795 1,266,040 6.8 6.9 6.7
35 to 39 years 36,280 18,670 17,610 6.6 7.0 6.2 50 20 25 7.7 6.3 7.5 2,511,345 1,238,515 1,272,835 6.8 6.8 6.8
40 to 44 years 36,805 18,725 18,085 6.7 7.0 6.4 50 20 25 7.7 6.3 7.5 2,399,405 1,175,875 1,223,530 6.5 6.5 6.5
45 to 49 years 30,685 15,655 15,035 5.6 5.9 5.3 30 15 15 4.6 4.8 4.5 2,304,170 1,129,185 1,174,985 6.2 6.2 6.3
50 to 54 years 30,385 15,180 15,200 5.5 5.7 5.4 30 10 20 4.6 3.2 6.0 2,368,350 1,161,665 1,206,685 6.4 6.4 6.4
55 to 59 years 37,125 18,320 18,805 6.8 6.8 6.7 25 15 10 3.8 4.8 3.0 2,647,330 1,299,975 1,347,350 7.2 7.1 7.2
60 to 64 years 39,105 18,870 20,240 7.1 7.1 7.2 40 20 20 6.2 6.3 6.0 2,571,580 1,253,335 1,318,245 7.0 6.9 7.0
65 years and over 125,020 53,665 71,355 22.8 20.1 25.3 220 95 125 33.8 30.2 37.3 7,021,430 3,224,680 3,796,750 19.0 17.7 20.2
65 to 69 years 36,000 16,600 19,405 6.6 6.2 6.9 45 20 25 6.9 6.3 7.5 2,210,970 1,065,305 1,145,665 6.0 5.8 6.1
70 to 74 years 32,360 14,690 17,670 5.9 5.5 6.3 55 25 25 8.5 7.9 7.5 1,847,585 879,850 967,735 5.0 4.8 5.2
75 to 79 years 24,930 10,915 14,015 4.5 4.1 5.0 60 30 35 9.2 9.5 10.4 1,260,930 589,090 671,845 3.4 3.2 3.6
80 to 84 years 15,680 6,360 9,325 2.9 2.4 3.3 35 15 20 5.4 4.8 6.0 840,545 370,905 469,645 2.3 2.0 2.5
85 years and over 16,050 5,110 10,940 2.9 1.9 3.9 25 15 10 3.8 4.8 3.0 861,395 319,540 541,860 2.3 1.8 2.9
85 to 89 years 9,810 3,425 6,380 1.8 1.3 2.3 20 10 10 3.1 3.2 3.0 525,445 212,735 312,705 1.4 1.2 1.7
90 to 94 years 4,875 1,405 3,470 0.9 0.5 1.2 10 5 5 1.5 1.6 1.5 258,035 87,300 170,735 0.7 0.5 0.9
95 to 99 years 1,210 260 955 0.2 0.1 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68,380 17,670 50,715 0.2 0.1 0.3
100 years and over 155 20 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,535 1,830 7,710 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 14.7 15.5 14.1 14.7 15.5 14.1 19.2 22.2 16.4 19.2 22.2 16.4 16.3 16.9 15.6 16.3 16.9 15.6
15 to 64 years 62.5 64.5 60.6 62.5 64.5 60.6 46.9 47.6 47.8 46.9 47.6 47.8 64.8 65.4 64.2 64.8 65.4 64.2
65 years and over 22.8 20.1 25.3 22.8 20.1 25.3 33.8 30.2 37.3 33.8 30.2 37.3 19.0 17.7 20.2 19.0 17.7 20.2
85 years and over 2.9 1.9 3.9 2.9 1.9 3.9 3.8 4.8 3.0 3.8 4.8 3.0 2.3 1.8 2.9 2.3 1.8 2.9
Average age of the population 43.8 42.3 45.1 43.8 42.3 45.1 47.1 44.8 49.2 47.1 44.8 49.2 41.9 41.0 42.8 41.9 41.0 42.8
Median age of the population 43.2 41.6 44.8 43.2 41.6 44.8 48.4 44.8 51.2 48.4 44.8 51.2 41.6 40.4 42.8 41.6 40.4 42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 265,710 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 295 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Single-detached house 80,885 ... ... 30.4 ... ... 160 ... ... 54.2 ... ... 7,872,310 ... ... 52.6 ... ...
Semi-detached house 14,020 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 746,560 ... ... 5.0 ... ...
Row house 6,945 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 980,110 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 17,110 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 821,490 ... ... 5.5 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 120,775 ... ... 45.5 ... ... 135 ... ... 45.8 ... ... 2,738,020 ... ... 18.3 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 23,520 ... ... 8.9 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,596,155 ... ... 10.7 ... ...
Other single-attached house 1,080 ... ... 0.4 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 34,880 ... ... 0.2 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 1,380 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 189,420 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 265,710 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 300 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 person 110,300 ... ... 41.5 ... ... 100 ... ... 33.3 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 29.3 ... ...
2 persons 92,215 ... ... 34.7 ... ... 115 ... ... 38.3 ... ... 5,124,800 ... ... 34.2 ... ...
3 persons 28,440 ... ... 10.7 ... ... 25 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 2,194,825 ... ... 14.7 ... ...
4 persons 24,375 ... ... 9.2 ... ... 40 ... ... 13.3 ... ... 2,002,455 ... ... 13.4 ... ...
5 or more persons 10,375 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 20 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 1,260,850 ... ... 8.4 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 533,530 261,755 271,780 100.0 100.0 100.0 650 315 335 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 100.0 100.0 100.0
Average household size 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.2 ... ... 2.2 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 468,435 226,230 242,205 100.0 100.0 100.0 530 250 280 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,979,185 15,139,730 15,839,460 100.0 100.0 100.0
Married or living common-law 253,785 127,125 126,655 54.2 56.2 52.3 330 165 165 62.3 66.0 58.9 17,626,005 8,813,405 8,812,595 56.9 58.2 55.6
Married 126,990 63,505 63,490 27.1 28.1 26.2 180 90 90 34.0 36.0 32.1 13,725,625 6,859,755 6,865,875 44.3 45.3 43.3
Living common-law 126,790 63,625 63,170 27.1 28.1 26.1 145 70 75 27.4 28.0 26.8 3,900,375 1,953,650 1,946,725 12.6 12.9 12.3
Living common law - Never married 105,435 52,560 52,875 22.5 23.2 21.8 115 50 60 21.7 20.0 21.4 2,967,665 1,485,985 1,481,685 9.6 9.8 9.4
Living common law - Separated 1,030 540 495 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 123,830 65,045 58,785 0.4 0.4 0.4
Living common law - Divorced 18,100 9,535 8,565 3.9 4.2 3.5 30 15 15 5.7 6.0 5.4 721,715 365,760 355,950 2.3 2.4 2.2
Living common law - Widowed 2,235 995 1,235 0.5 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 87,165 36,860 50,300 0.3 0.2 0.3
Not married and not living common-law 214,645 99,105 115,545 45.8 43.8 47.7 200 85 115 37.7 34.0 41.1 13,353,180 6,326,325 7,026,860 43.1 41.8 44.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married 151,010 79,050 71,960 32.2 34.9 29.7 115 60 50 21.7 24.0 17.9 9,025,865 4,881,410 4,144,455 29.1 32.2 26.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated 6,010 2,685 3,320 1.3 1.2 1.4 10 0 5 1.9 0.0 1.8 741,135 319,045 422,090 2.4 2.1 2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 32,865 11,895 20,970 7.0 5.3 8.7 45 10 30 8.5 4.0 10.7 1,921,880 760,425 1,161,460 6.2 5.0 7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 24,765 5,470 19,295 5.3 2.4 8.0 35 10 25 6.6 4.0 8.9 1,664,295 365,440 1,298,855 5.4 2.4 8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 145,765 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 190 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
2 persons 86,680 ... ... 59.5 ... ... 115 ... ... 60.5 ... ... 5,306,105 ... ... 51.7 ... ...
3 persons 26,320 ... ... 18.1 ... ... 25 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 2,147,825 ... ... 20.9 ... ...
4 persons 23,555 ... ... 16.2 ... ... 35 ... ... 18.4 ... ... 1,953,035 ... ... 19.0 ... ...
5 or more persons 9,215 ... ... 6.3 ... ... 15 ... ... 7.9 ... ... 855,960 ... ... 8.3 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.7 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 145,770 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 190 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total couple families 124,015 ... ... 85.1 ... ... 165 ... ... 86.8 ... ... 8,576,585 ... ... 83.6 ... ...
Married couples 60,675 ... ... 41.6 ... ... 90 ... ... 47.4 ... ... 6,627,310 ... ... 64.6 ... ...
With children6 22,995 ... ... 15.8 ... ... 25 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 3,481,775 ... ... 33.9 ... ...
Without children 37,675 ... ... 25.8 ... ... 65 ... ... 34.2 ... ... 3,145,535 ... ... 30.6 ... ...
Common-law couples 63,340 ... ... 43.5 ... ... 75 ... ... 39.5 ... ... 1,949,275 ... ... 19.0 ... ...
With children6 27,815 ... ... 19.1 ... ... 40 ... ... 21.1 ... ... 808,645 ... ... 7.9 ... ...
Without children 35,530 ... ... 24.4 ... ... 30 ... ... 15.8 ... ... 1,140,630 ... ... 11.1 ... ...
Total one-parent families 21,750 ... ... 14.9 ... ... 30 ... ... 15.8 ... ... 1,686,340 ... ... 16.4 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 15,725 ... ... 10.8 ... ... 20 ... ... 10.5 ... ... 1,302,670 ... ... 12.7 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 6,025 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 10 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 383,670 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 533,535 261,755 271,775 100.0 100.0 100.0 650 315 335 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total - Persons in census families 395,570 196,405 199,165 74.1 75.0 73.3 540 275 265 83.1 87.3 79.1 29,478,475 14,616,850 14,861,625 81.1 81.5 80.8
Married spouses or common-law partners 248,030 124,315 123,720 46.5 47.5 45.5 325 160 165 50.0 50.8 49.3 17,153,165 8,577,610 8,575,560 47.2 47.8 46.6
Parents in one-parent families 21,750 6,020 15,730 4.1 2.3 5.8 30 10 20 4.6 3.2 6.0 1,686,340 383,675 1,302,670 4.6 2.1 7.1
Children6 125,785 66,070 59,715 23.6 25.2 22.0 185 105 80 28.5 33.3 23.9 10,638,965 5,655,570 4,983,400 29.3 31.5 27.1
In a two-parent family 93,620 48,735 44,890 17.5 18.6 16.5 140 75 65 21.5 23.8 19.4 8,024,590 4,238,785 3,785,805 22.1 23.6 20.6
In a one-parent family 32,165 17,335 14,830 6.0 6.6 5.5 45 30 15 6.9 9.5 4.5 2,614,375 1,416,785 1,197,595 7.2 7.9 6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 137,965 65,355 72,610 25.9 25.0 26.7 115 40 75 17.7 12.7 22.4 6,850,005 3,320,385 3,529,620 18.9 18.5 19.2
Living alone 110,305 50,095 60,210 20.7 19.1 22.2 105 40 65 16.2 12.7 19.4 4,396,015 2,048,495 2,347,520 12.1 11.4 12.8
Living with other relatives7 8,035 3,705 4,335 1.5 1.4 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 927,345 393,085 534,260 2.6 2.2 2.9
Living with non-relatives only 19,625 11,560 8,065 3.7 4.4 3.0 5 0 5 0.8 0.0 1.5 1,526,645 878,800 647,840 4.2 4.9 3.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 265,710 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 295 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,945 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 140,370 ... ... 52.8 ... ... 190 ... ... 64.4 ... ... 8,932,695 ... ... 59.6 ... ...
Couple-family households 120,310 ... ... 45.3 ... ... 160 ... ... 54.2 ... ... 7,627,195 ... ... 50.9 ... ...
With children6 49,305 ... ... 18.6 ... ... 65 ... ... 22.0 ... ... 3,789,795 ... ... 25.3 ... ...
Without children 71,005 ... ... 26.7 ... ... 95 ... ... 32.2 ... ... 3,837,400 ... ... 25.6 ... ...
One-parent-family households 20,060 ... ... 7.5 ... ... 25 ... ... 8.5 ... ... 1,305,500 ... ... 8.7 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 1,310 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 441,745 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 320 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 94,235 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 2,945 ... ... 1.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 450,415 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 10,455 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 5 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 663,835 ... ... 4.4 ... ...
One-person households 110,300 ... ... 41.5 ... ... 100 ... ... 33.9 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 29.3 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 452,670 220,490 232,180 100.0 100.0 100.0 525 245 280 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 445,060 216,755 228,300 98.3 98.3 98.3 525 245 275 100.0 100.0 98.2 29,241,810 14,316,155 14,925,660 96.4 96.3 96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 44,400 48,800 40,800 44,400 48,800 40,800 53,200 59,600 46,800 53,200 59,600 46,800 41,200 46,400 36,800 41,200 46,400 36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 445,165 216,815 228,355 98.3 98.3 98.4 525 245 275 100.0 100.0 98.2 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,425 96.4 96.4 96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 38,800 42,000 36,000 38,800 42,000 36,000 45,600 49,600 40,800 45,600 49,600 40,800 36,800 40,800 33,600 36,800 40,800 33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 412,055 203,490 208,565 91.0 92.3 89.8 490 235 260 93.3 95.9 92.9 26,045,500 13,010,250 13,035,250 85.9 87.5 84.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 37,200 42,800 31,600 37,200 42,800 31,600 42,800 52,000 33,200 42,800 52,000 33,200 35,200 42,400 29,200 35,200 42,400 29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 323,940 167,315 156,625 71.6 75.9 67.5 335 170 160 63.8 69.4 57.1 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,130 69.6 73.4 66.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 39,600 43,200 36,000 39,600 43,200 36,000 51,600 52,800 49,200 51,600 52,800 49,200 37,200 43,200 32,000 37,200 43,200 32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 365,185 168,010 197,180 80.7 76.2 84.9 435 185 255 82.9 75.5 91.1 25,401,740 12,065,555 13,336,180 83.7 81.2 86.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 11,000 9,800 11,900 11,000 9,800 11,900 14,500 14,200 14,700 14,500 14,200 14,700 9,800 8,500 11,000 9,800 8,500 11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 48,690 25,595 23,090 10.8 11.6 9.9 40 10 30 7.6 4.1 10.7 3,185,840 1,548,250 1,637,590 10.5 10.4 10.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,480 5,440 5,600 5,480 5,440 5,600 5,560 x 6,000 5,560 x 6,000 5,720 5,760 5,720 5,720 5,760 5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 116,995 61,625 55,370 25.8 27.9 23.8 95 50 45 18.1 20.4 16.1 8,373,550 4,140,705 4,232,845 27.6 27.9 27.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,000 6,000 7,500 7,000 6,000 7,500 7,000 6,000 7,500 7,000 6,000 7,500 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 452,690 220,490 232,205 100.0 100.0 100.0 510 215 290 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 445,235 216,885 228,355 98.4 98.4 98.3 505 210 290 99.0 97.7 100.0 29,242,935 14,316,595 14,926,335 96.4 96.3 96.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 52,400 57,900 47,160 52,400 57,900 47,160 64,000 75,000 55,600 64,000 75,000 55,600 54,450 62,650 46,560 54,450 62,650 46,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 445,345 216,950 228,390 98.4 98.4 98.4 505 210 290 99.0 97.7 100.0 29,257,325 14,324,165 14,933,160 96.4 96.4 96.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 43,000 46,520 39,640 43,000 46,520 39,640 51,000 57,600 46,000 51,000 57,600 46,000 44,920 50,320 39,680 44,920 50,320 39,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 412,490 203,670 208,815 91.1 92.4 89.9 490 205 285 96.1 95.3 98.3 26,047,020 13,011,765 13,035,250 85.9 87.6 84.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 46,040 52,600 39,680 46,040 52,600 39,680 53,400 66,500 44,000 53,400 66,500 44,000 50,240 59,500 41,000 50,240 59,500 41,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 323,975 167,280 156,695 71.6 75.9 67.5 325 170 155 63.7 79.1 53.4 21,127,690 10,908,965 10,218,725 69.6 73.4 66.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 46,920 51,300 42,240 46,920 51,300 42,240 56,800 60,000 54,000 56,800 60,000 54,000 50,280 58,050 42,000 50,280 58,050 42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 365,375 168,420 196,945 80.7 76.4 84.8 420 155 270 82.4 72.1 93.1 25,397,565 12,061,765 13,335,800 83.7 81.2 86.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 11,850 10,960 12,610 11,850 10,960 12,610 14,300 14,600 14,100 14,300 14,600 14,100 11,170 10,180 12,060 11,170 10,180 12,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 48,545 25,635 22,905 10.7 11.6 9.9 40 0 25 7.8 0.0 8.6 3,179,395 1,544,580 1,634,815 10.5 10.4 10.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,990 5,880 8,240 6,990 5,880 8,240 11,600 ... 12,000 11,600 ... 12,000 7,050 6,710 7,370 7,050 6,710 7,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 116,935 61,865 55,075 25.8 28.1 23.7 95 65 30 18.6 30.2 10.3 8,346,145 4,128,810 4,217,340 27.5 27.8 27.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,880 7,720 8,060 7,880 7,720 8,060 7,400 6,800 8,500 7,400 6,800 8,500 8,920 8,740 9,100 8,920 8,740 9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 452,690 220,490 232,200 100.0 100.0 100.0 515 215 295 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 161,675 86,040 75,635 35.7 39.0 32.6 160 80 80 31.1 37.2 27.1 9,912,810 5,493,720 4,419,090 32.7 37.0 28.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 59,600 64,000 55,200 59,600 64,000 55,200 78,500 85,000 74,500 78,500 85,000 74,500 63,600 69,000 58,000 63,600 69,000 58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 68,300 73,600 62,350 68,300 73,600 62,350 82,000 88,000 73,000 82,000 88,000 73,000 77,200 85,400 67,000 77,200 85,400 67,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 130,435 63,500 66,935 28.8 28.8 28.8 120 55 65 23.3 25.6 22.0 8,426,645 3,988,060 4,438,585 27.8 26.8 28.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 18,800 20,600 17,200 18,800 20,600 17,200 17,400 14,100 23,600 17,400 14,100 23,600 18,400 21,000 16,600 18,400 21,000 16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 28,280 31,240 25,520 28,280 31,240 25,520 43,000 50,000 38,000 43,000 50,000 38,000 29,160 33,960 24,860 29,160 33,960 24,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 81.4 85.2 77.0 81.4 85.2 77.0 81.0 86.0 77.0 81.0 86.0 77.0 82.2 86.4 76.8 82.2 86.4 76.8
Employment income (%)19 65.2 68.4 61.4 65.2 68.4 61.4 57.2 62.0 52.0 57.2 62.0 52.0 66.8 70.6 61.7 66.8 70.6 61.7
Government transfers (%)20 18.6 14.7 23.0 18.6 14.7 23.0 18.6 14.0 23.2 18.6 14.0 23.2 17.8 13.7 23.1 17.8 13.7 23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.5 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.8 1.5 x 2.0 1.5 x 2.0 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 4.6 4.3 5.0 4.6 4.3 5.0 2.7 3.1 2.4 2.7 3.1 2.4 5.4 4.5 6.6 5.4 4.5 6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.0 3.8 4.1 2.2 2.8 1.6 2.2 2.8 1.6 4.7 4.0 5.5 4.7 4.0 5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 452,670 220,495 232,180 100.0 100.0 100.0 530 250 280 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without total income 7,610 3,730 3,880 1.7 1.7 1.7 5 0 0 0.9 0.0 0.0 1,094,320 545,400 548,915 3.6 3.7 3.5
With total income 445,060 216,760 228,305 98.3 98.3 98.3 520 245 280 98.1 98.0 100.0 29,241,815 14,316,150 14,925,660 96.4 96.3 96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss) 23,705 10,650 13,055 5.3 4.9 5.7 20 10 10 3.8 4.1 3.6 2,434,730 1,058,420 1,376,310 8.3 7.4 9.2
$10,000 to $19,999 46,100 18,635 27,460 10.4 8.6 12.0 55 15 40 10.6 6.1 14.3 3,448,185 1,445,240 2,002,945 11.8 10.1 13.4
$20,000 to $29,999 66,355 27,890 38,470 14.9 12.9 16.9 65 25 35 12.5 10.2 12.5 4,635,650 2,018,080 2,617,570 15.9 14.1 17.5
$30,000 to $39,999 59,785 26,835 32,955 13.4 12.4 14.4 45 15 30 8.7 6.1 10.7 3,723,680 1,648,300 2,075,375 12.7 11.5 13.9
$40,000 to $49,999 59,880 28,020 31,865 13.5 12.9 14.0 65 25 40 12.5 10.2 14.3 3,290,715 1,529,960 1,760,755 11.3 10.7 11.8
$50,000 to $59,999 51,390 25,275 26,120 11.5 11.7 11.4 60 25 30 11.5 10.2 10.7 2,677,465 1,302,135 1,375,330 9.2 9.1 9.2
$60,000 to $69,999 38,075 20,515 17,555 8.6 9.5 7.7 45 20 25 8.7 8.2 8.9 2,073,335 1,086,545 986,795 7.1 7.6 6.6
$70,000 to $79,999 27,565 15,650 11,910 6.2 7.2 5.2 50 30 20 9.6 12.2 7.1 1,592,465 887,985 704,480 5.4 6.2 4.7
$80,000 to $89,999 21,495 12,020 9,475 4.8 5.5 4.2 35 20 20 6.7 8.2 7.1 1,239,395 708,430 530,965 4.2 4.9 3.6
$90,000 to $99,999 15,195 8,470 6,725 3.4 3.9 2.9 35 15 15 6.7 6.1 5.4 965,950 553,435 412,510 3.3 3.9 2.8
$100,000 and over 35,515 22,795 12,720 8.0 10.5 5.6 60 35 20 11.5 14.3 7.1 3,160,245 2,077,620 1,082,625 10.8 14.5 7.3
$100,000 to $149,999 25,730 15,985 9,745 5.8 7.4 4.3 40 25 20 7.7 10.2 7.1 2,102,630 1,319,110 783,520 7.2 9.2 5.2
$150,000 and over 9,780 6,815 2,970 2.2 3.1 1.3 15 15 0 2.9 6.1 0.0 1,057,615 758,510 299,105 3.6 5.3 2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 452,670 220,495 232,180 100.0 100.0 100.0 530 250 280 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without after-tax income 7,505 3,675 3,825 1.7 1.7 1.6 5 0 0 0.9 0.0 0.0 1,079,955 537,800 542,155 3.6 3.6 3.5
With after-tax income 445,170 216,815 228,350 98.3 98.3 98.4 520 245 280 98.1 98.0 100.0 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,430 96.4 96.4 96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss) 26,225 11,195 15,030 5.9 5.2 6.6 30 10 15 5.8 4.1 5.4 2,561,695 1,100,975 1,460,725 8.8 7.7 9.8
$10,000 to $19,999 48,700 20,000 28,705 10.9 9.2 12.6 60 15 45 11.5 6.1 16.1 3,608,250 1,521,395 2,086,855 12.3 10.6 14.0
$20,000 to $29,999 79,415 33,955 45,465 17.8 15.7 19.9 60 25 30 11.5 10.2 10.7 5,294,505 2,321,660 2,972,845 18.1 16.2 19.9
$30,000 to $39,999 78,160 36,450 41,715 17.6 16.8 18.3 70 30 45 13.5 12.2 16.1 4,442,970 2,035,725 2,407,250 15.2 14.2 16.1
$40,000 to $49,999 72,230 35,735 36,490 16.2 16.5 16.0 90 45 50 17.3 18.4 17.9 3,798,710 1,839,700 1,959,005 13.0 12.8 13.1
$50,000 to $59,999 51,580 28,080 23,505 11.6 13.0 10.3 55 30 30 10.6 12.2 10.7 2,833,120 1,471,200 1,361,920 9.7 10.3 9.1
$60,000 to $69,999 33,950 18,695 15,255 7.6 8.6 6.7 50 35 20 9.6 14.3 7.1 2,020,895 1,114,110 906,790 6.9 7.8 6.1
$70,000 to $79,999 22,125 11,955 10,165 5.0 5.5 4.5 45 25 20 8.7 10.2 7.1 1,428,520 814,645 613,875 4.9 5.7 4.1
$80,000 to $89,999 12,200 7,120 5,080 2.7 3.3 2.2 20 10 10 3.8 4.1 3.6 1,027,015 592,405 434,605 3.5 4.1 2.9
$90,000 to $99,999 6,785 4,255 2,535 1.5 2.0 1.1 15 10 5 2.9 4.1 1.8 643,700 402,325 241,380 2.2 2.8 1.6
$100,000 and over 13,795 9,380 4,420 3.1 4.3 1.9 25 15 10 4.8 6.1 3.6 1,596,790 1,109,610 487,185 5.5 7.7 3.3
$100,000 to $124,999 7,455 4,945 2,505 1.7 2.3 1.1 20 5 10 3.8 2.0 3.6 792,455 530,970 261,490 2.7 3.7 1.8
$125,000 and over 6,335 4,430 1,910 1.4 2.0 0.8 10 10 0 1.9 4.1 0.0 804,335 578,645 225,695 2.7 4.0 1.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 452,670 220,495 232,180 100.0 100.0 100.0 530 250 280 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without employment income 128,725 53,170 75,555 28.4 24.1 32.5 195 75 120 36.8 30.0 42.9 9,208,520 3,955,070 5,253,450 30.4 26.6 33.9
With employment income 323,945 167,320 156,625 71.6 75.9 67.5 330 170 165 62.3 68.0 58.9 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,125 69.6 73.4 66.1
Under $5,000 (including loss) 38,525 20,275 18,250 11.9 12.1 11.7 45 30 15 13.6 17.6 9.1 2,951,135 1,446,185 1,504,955 14.0 13.3 14.7
$5,000 to $9,999 24,660 11,130 13,535 7.6 6.7 8.6 30 15 15 9.1 8.8 9.1 1,739,570 765,825 973,750 8.2 7.0 9.5
$10,000 to $19,999 37,695 17,120 20,575 11.6 10.2 13.1 25 10 10 7.6 5.9 6.1 2,498,120 1,128,310 1,369,810 11.8 10.3 13.4
$20,000 to $29,999 30,765 14,350 16,410 9.5 8.6 10.5 15 5 15 4.5 2.9 9.1 1,960,665 902,615 1,058,050 9.3 8.3 10.4
$30,000 to $39,999 31,680 15,375 16,310 9.8 9.2 10.4 25 10 10 7.6 5.9 6.1 1,903,100 899,905 1,003,190 9.0 8.3 9.8
$40,000 to $49,999 34,790 16,510 18,285 10.7 9.9 11.7 20 10 10 6.1 5.9 6.1 1,859,845 899,795 960,055 8.8 8.3 9.4
$50,000 to $59,999 30,150 15,585 14,560 9.3 9.3 9.3 40 20 15 12.1 11.8 9.1 1,640,805 842,030 798,780 7.8 7.7 7.8
$60,000 to $69,999 23,500 13,405 10,095 7.3 8.0 6.4 20 10 10 6.1 5.9 6.1 1,367,510 754,825 612,685 6.5 6.9 6.0
$70,000 to $79,999 18,835 10,920 7,920 5.8 6.5 5.1 30 15 15 9.1 8.8 9.1 1,099,625 637,060 462,570 5.2 5.8 4.5
$80,000 to $89,999 16,175 8,915 7,260 5.0 5.3 4.6 25 10 15 7.6 5.9 9.1 929,490 539,395 390,095 4.4 4.9 3.8
$90,000 to $99,999 11,000 6,425 4,575 3.4 3.8 2.9 20 10 10 6.1 5.9 6.1 760,035 439,505 320,530 3.6 4.0 3.1
$100,000 and over 26,165 17,310 8,855 8.1 10.3 5.7 40 30 15 12.1 17.6 9.1 2,417,710 1,651,040 766,670 11.4 15.1 7.5
$100,000 to $124,999 13,465 8,610 4,860 4.2 5.1 3.1 20 20 5 6.1 11.8 3.0 1,129,445 714,235 415,210 5.3 6.5 4.1
$125,000 and over 12,705 8,705 3,995 3.9 5.2 2.6 20 10 5 6.1 5.9 3.0 1,288,265 936,805 351,460 6.1 8.6 3.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 452,670 220,490 232,180 100.0 100.0 100.0 525 245 280 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 439,575 213,935 225,640 97.1 97.0 97.2 515 240 275 98.1 98.0 98.2 28,598,395 13,976,715 14,621,680 94.3 94.0 94.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 42,000 46,400 38,000 42,000 46,400 38,000 49,200 60,000 43,200 49,200 60,000 43,200 39,200 45,200 34,000 39,200 45,200 34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 439,730 213,950 225,785 97.1 97.0 97.2 515 240 275 98.1 98.0 98.2 28,617,610 13,979,960 14,637,655 94.3 94.1 94.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 36,800 40,000 33,600 36,800 40,000 33,600 42,400 48,800 37,200 42,400 48,800 37,200 35,200 40,000 31,200 35,200 40,000 31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 407,300 201,315 205,985 90.0 91.3 88.7 490 230 255 93.3 93.9 91.1 25,708,470 12,830,580 12,877,890 84.7 86.3 83.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 37,600 42,800 32,400 37,600 42,800 32,400 40,400 53,200 31,200 40,400 53,200 31,200 36,800 44,000 30,800 36,800 44,000 30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 325,985 167,870 158,115 72.0 76.1 68.1 330 165 160 62.9 67.3 57.1 21,241,445 10,932,825 10,308,625 70.0 73.6 66.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 39,200 42,800 35,600 39,200 42,800 35,600 51,200 57,200 46,400 51,200 57,200 46,400 38,000 44,400 32,800 38,000 44,400 32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 334,930 151,505 183,425 74.0 68.7 79.0 415 170 235 79.0 69.4 83.9 23,196,815 10,876,635 12,320,175 76.5 73.2 79.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,500 5,120 8,800 7,500 5,120 8,800 12,400 11,700 12,600 12,400 11,700 12,600 4,240 1,960 6,450 4,240 1,960 6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 40,235 21,715 18,520 8.9 9.8 8.0 40 20 20 7.6 8.2 7.1 2,428,800 1,182,025 1,246,770 8.0 8.0 8.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 4,600 4,160 5,280 4,600 4,160 5,280 5,920 x 8,200 5,920 x 8,200 5,720 5,560 5,960 5,720 5,560 5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 452,690 220,490 232,205 100.0 100.0 100.0 510 215 290 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 439,740 214,120 225,620 97.1 97.1 97.2 495 210 290 97.1 97.7 100.0 28,599,665 13,976,240 14,623,425 94.3 94.0 94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 49,800 55,500 44,400 49,800 55,500 44,400 59,800 71,500 51,600 59,800 71,500 51,600 52,350 61,250 43,800 52,350 61,250 43,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 439,885 214,145 225,745 97.2 97.1 97.2 495 210 290 97.1 97.7 100.0 28,618,280 13,979,265 14,639,015 94.3 94.1 94.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 40,880 44,640 37,280 40,880 44,640 37,280 47,800 54,800 42,800 47,800 54,800 42,800 42,920 49,000 37,160 42,920 49,000 37,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 407,365 201,345 206,015 90.0 91.3 88.7 480 205 275 94.1 95.3 94.8 25,709,140 12,829,990 12,879,155 84.7 86.3 83.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 46,280 52,950 39,760 46,280 52,950 39,760 52,600 65,000 43,200 52,600 65,000 43,200 51,040 60,800 41,320 51,040 60,800 41,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 326,075 167,775 158,300 72.0 76.1 68.2 305 160 145 59.8 74.4 50.0 21,242,575 10,934,760 10,307,815 70.0 73.6 66.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 46,480 51,250 41,400 46,480 51,250 41,400 60,400 65,000 55,000 60,400 65,000 55,000 50,560 58,800 41,800 50,560 58,800 41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 334,765 151,630 183,135 74.0 68.8 78.9 395 150 245 77.5 69.8 84.5 23,191,860 10,869,800 12,322,065 76.5 73.1 79.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 9,120 8,050 10,010 9,120 8,050 10,010 11,600 10,800 12,000 11,600 10,800 12,000 7,950 6,990 8,800 7,950 6,990 8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 40,430 21,935 18,490 8.9 9.9 8.0 50 20 25 9.8 9.3 8.6 2,430,165 1,181,385 1,248,780 8.0 7.9 8.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,740 5,175 8,600 6,740 5,175 8,600 7,800 3,600 11,000 7,800 3,600 11,000 7,560 6,880 8,210 7,560 6,880 8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 452,690 220,490 232,200 100.0 100.0 100.0 515 215 295 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 160,815 85,535 75,280 35.5 38.8 32.4 155 80 75 30.1 37.2 25.4 9,831,805 5,446,500 4,385,305 32.4 36.6 28.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 56,400 60,800 51,600 56,400 60,800 51,600 73,500 77,000 72,000 73,500 77,000 72,000 60,000 66,000 53,600 60,000 66,000 53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 64,400 70,100 57,850 64,400 70,100 57,850 79,000 88,000 70,000 79,000 88,000 70,000 73,200 81,900 62,250 73,200 81,900 62,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 124,130 60,420 63,705 27.4 27.4 27.4 120 55 65 23.3 25.6 22.0 7,934,985 3,759,675 4,175,305 26.2 25.3 27.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 23,200 25,800 21,200 23,200 25,800 21,200 14,100 11,100 14,100 14,100 11,100 14,100 24,200 28,000 21,800 24,200 28,000 21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 32,640 36,040 29,440 32,640 36,040 29,440 43,000 50,000 37,000 43,000 50,000 37,000 35,200 41,280 29,720 35,200 41,280 29,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 86.0 89.8 81.8 86.0 89.8 81.8 85.0 90.0 80.0 85.0 90.0 80.0 87.6 91.2 83.0 87.6 91.2 83.0
Employment income (%) 69.2 72.4 65.4 69.2 72.4 65.4 62.0 70.0 56.0 62.0 70.0 56.0 71.8 75.0 67.2 71.8 75.0 67.2
Government transfers (%) 13.9 10.3 18.3 13.9 10.3 18.3 15.4 10.8 20.0 15.4 10.8 20.0 12.3 8.9 16.9 12.3 8.9 16.9
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.3 0.5 2.0 1.3 0.5 2.0 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 265,710 ... ... ... ... ... 300 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 70,500 ... ... 70,500 ... ... 88,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 60,800 ... ... 60,800 ... ... 73,500 ... ... 73,500 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 110,300 ... ... ... ... ... 100 ... ... ... ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 41,600 ... ... 41,600 ... ... 51,200 ... ... 51,200 ... ... 41,600 ... ... 41,600 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 36,400 ... ... 36,400 ... ... 44,400 ... ... 44,400 ... ... 37,200 ... ... 37,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 155,410 ... ... ... ... ... 195 ... ... ... ... ... 10,582,930 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 100,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 85,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 265,710 ... ... ... ... ... 280 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 87,800 ... ... 87,800 ... ... 114,000 ... ... 114,000 ... ... 106,300 ... ... 106,300 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 72,100 ... ... 72,100 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 87,700 ... ... 87,700 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 110,290 ... ... ... ... ... 100 ... ... ... ... ... 4,394,500 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 47,840 ... ... 47,840 ... ... 55,000 ... ... 55,000 ... ... 53,350 ... ... 53,350 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 39,960 ... ... 39,960 ... ... 46,000 ... ... 46,000 ... ... 44,360 ... ... 44,360 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 155,425 ... ... ... ... ... 180 ... ... ... ... ... 10,584,445 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 116,100 ... ... 116,100 ... ... 146,000 ... ... 146,000 ... ... 128,200 ... ... 128,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 94,800 ... ... 94,800 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 105,700 ... ... 105,700 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 265,710 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 300 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 2,175 ... ... 0.8 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 165,175 ... ... 1.1 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 1,550 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 91,750 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 3,550 ... ... 1.3 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 178,475 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 5,995 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 5 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 274,140 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 14,830 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 5 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 637,695 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 10,260 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 5 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 505,875 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 10,545 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 488,735 ... ... 3.3 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 12,735 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 560,950 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 13,150 ... ... 4.9 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.0 ... ... 572,650 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 12,755 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.0 ... ... 559,155 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 23,710 ... ... 8.9 ... ... 20 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 1,093,185 ... ... 7.3 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 20,575 ... ... 7.7 ... ... 20 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 1,044,715 ... ... 7.0 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 18,435 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 20 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 986,460 ... ... 6.6 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 16,915 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 20 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 921,205 ... ... 6.2 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 14,735 ... ... 5.5 ... ... 20 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 844,835 ... ... 5.6 ... ...
$100,000 and over 83,795 ... ... 31.5 ... ... 125 ... ... 41.7 ... ... 6,053,945 ... ... 40.4 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 29,105 ... ... 11.0 ... ... 30 ... ... 10.0 ... ... 1,753,485 ... ... 11.7 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 19,430 ... ... 7.3 ... ... 30 ... ... 10.0 ... ... 1,283,445 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 20,830 ... ... 7.8 ... ... 40 ... ... 13.3 ... ... 1,545,935 ... ... 10.3 ... ...
$200,000 and over 14,430 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 20 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 1,471,075 ... ... 9.8 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 265,710 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 300 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 2,435 ... ... 0.9 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 186,735 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 1,615 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 95,195 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 3,670 ... ... 1.4 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 183,430 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 6,350 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 5 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 289,545 ... ... 1.9 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 16,085 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 5 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 681,900 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 13,250 ... ... 5.0 ... ... 5 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 589,110 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 14,215 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 10 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 582,275 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 16,260 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.0 ... ... 666,675 ... ... 4.5 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 16,495 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 25 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 676,995 ... ... 4.5 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 14,820 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 25 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 655,100 ... ... 4.4 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 26,085 ... ... 9.8 ... ... 20 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 1,285,425 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 22,880 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 25 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 1,223,830 ... ... 8.2 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 20,505 ... ... 7.7 ... ... 35 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 1,137,840 ... ... 7.6 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 17,625 ... ... 6.6 ... ... 25 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 1,039,375 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 14,845 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.0 ... ... 911,515 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
$100,000 and over 58,575 ... ... 22.0 ... ... 95 ... ... 31.7 ... ... 4,773,995 ... ... 31.9 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 26,315 ... ... 9.9 ... ... 35 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 1,757,035 ... ... 11.7 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 15,145 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 25 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 1,152,855 ... ... 7.7 ... ...
$150,000 and over 17,115 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 35 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 1,864,100 ... ... 12.4 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 147,410 ... ... ... ... ... 190 ... ... ... ... ... 10,117,305 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 102,000 ... ... 102,000 ... ... 114,000 ... ... 114,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 86,000 ... ... 86,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 71,650 ... ... ... ... ... 95 ... ... ... ... ... 3,929,500 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 77,000 ... ... 77,000 ... ... 76,500 ... ... 76,500 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 79,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 50,930 ... ... ... ... ... 65 ... ... ... ... ... 4,311,315 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 139,000 ... ... 139,000 ... ... 178,000 ... ... 178,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 115,000 ... ... 115,000 ... ... 142,000 ... ... 142,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 3.9 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 21,405 ... ... ... ... ... 30 ... ... ... ... ... 1,547,920 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 71,500 ... ... 71,500 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 63,200 ... ... 63,200 ... ... 82,000 ... ... 82,000 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 64,000 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 129,925 61,655 68,270 ... ... ... 110 35 70 ... ... ... 5,922,660 2,927,295 2,995,365 ... ... ...
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 40,000 41,600 38,400 40,000 41,600 38,400 50,000 63,200 45,600 50,000 63,200 45,600 38,400 40,000 36,800 38,400 40,000 36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 35,200 36,400 34,400 35,200 36,400 34,400 42,800 49,600 39,600 42,800 49,600 39,600 34,800 36,000 33,600 34,800 36,000 33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 147,255 ... ... ... ... ... 175 ... ... ... ... ... 10,113,100 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 117,700 ... ... 117,700 ... ... 151,000 ... ... 151,000 ... ... 128,600 ... ... 128,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 95,900 ... ... 95,900 ... ... 119,000 ... ... 119,000 ... ... 105,600 ... ... 105,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 71,620 ... ... ... ... ... 90 ... ... ... ... ... 3,926,040 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 102,700 ... ... 102,700 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 112,500 ... ... 112,500 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 84,100 ... ... 84,100 ... ... 104,000 ... ... 104,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 50,915 ... ... ... ... ... 70 ... ... ... ... ... 4,318,755 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 156,000 ... ... 156,000 ... ... 185,000 ... ... 185,000 ... ... 160,600 ... ... 160,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 124,900 ... ... 124,900 ... ... 148,000 ... ... 148,000 ... ... 130,600 ... ... 130,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 21,345 ... ... ... ... ... 20 ... ... ... ... ... 1,539,580 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 80,500 ... ... 80,500 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 82,300 ... ... 82,300 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 68,500 ... ... 68,500 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 71,800 ... ... 71,800 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 130,030 62,005 68,025 ... ... ... 120 35 85 ... ... ... 5,916,895 2,916,490 3,000,405 ... ... ...
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 46,080 48,280 44,120 46,080 48,280 44,120 51,000 56,000 48,000 51,000 56,000 48,000 49,440 52,050 46,880 49,440 52,050 46,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 38,680 39,920 37,600 38,680 39,920 37,600 43,000 48,000 42,000 43,000 48,000 42,000 41,560 43,080 40,120 41,560 43,080 40,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 533,535 261,760 271,775 100.0 100.0 100.0 650 315 335 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 94,995 48,375 46,620 17.8 18.5 17.2 140 80 65 21.5 25.4 19.4 7,196,545 3,696,540 3,500,005 19.8 20.6 19.0
0 to 5 years 30,640 15,770 14,870 5.7 6.0 5.5 50 25 25 7.7 7.9 7.5 2,225,085 1,140,315 1,084,775 6.1 6.4 5.9
18 to 64 years 325,620 163,075 162,540 61.0 62.3 59.8 290 135 155 44.6 42.9 46.3 22,545,065 11,159,405 11,385,665 62.1 62.2 61.9
65 years and over 112,920 50,310 62,615 21.2 19.2 23.0 220 100 125 33.8 31.7 37.3 6,586,865 3,081,285 3,505,580 18.1 17.2 19.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 56,125 25,435 30,685 ... ... ... 20 5 15 ... ... ... 4,016,065 1,881,305 2,134,765 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 7,260 3,670 3,595 ... ... ... 0 0 0 ... ... ... 854,565 439,490 415,075 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 2,530 1,305 1,230 ... ... ... 0 0 0 ... ... ... 282,315 144,250 138,065 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 30,590 15,475 15,115 ... ... ... 5 0 5 ... ... ... 2,175,755 1,050,115 1,125,640 ... ... ...
65 years and over 18,270 6,285 11,985 ... ... ... 15 5 10 ... ... ... 985,745 391,695 594,050 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 10.5 9.7 11.3 10.5 9.7 11.3 3.0 1.6 4.5 3.0 1.6 4.5 11.1 10.5 11.6 11.1 10.5 11.6
0 to 17 years (%) 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.7 x x x x x x 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9
0 to 5 years (%) 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 x x x x x x 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7
18 to 64 years (%) 9.4 9.5 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.3 2.0 x 3.0 2.0 x 3.0 9.7 9.4 9.9 9.7 9.4 9.9
65 years and over (%) 16.2 12.5 19.1 16.2 12.5 19.1 6.0 4.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 8.0 15.0 12.7 16.9 15.0 12.7 16.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 533,535 261,755 271,775 100.0 100.0 100.0 655 315 335 100.0 100.0 100.0 35,837,970 17,691,535 18,146,440 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 94,995 48,375 46,615 17.8 18.5 17.2 145 80 60 22.1 25.4 17.9 7,043,545 3,618,040 3,425,505 19.7 20.5 18.9
0 to 5 years 30,640 15,775 14,865 5.7 6.0 5.5 45 25 20 6.9 7.9 6.0 2,175,935 1,115,010 1,060,925 6.1 6.3 5.8
18 to 64 years 325,620 163,075 162,545 61.0 62.3 59.8 290 135 155 44.3 42.9 46.3 22,262,940 11,019,070 11,243,865 62.1 62.3 62.0
65 years and over 112,925 50,305 62,615 21.2 19.2 23.0 220 95 120 33.6 30.2 35.8 6,531,490 3,054,420 3,477,065 18.2 17.3 19.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 32,920 16,270 16,650 ... ... ... 10 5 10 ... ... ... 1,863,335 950,150 913,180 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 3,665 1,835 1,830 ... ... ... 0 0 0 ... ... ... 319,545 164,490 155,060 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 1,220 630 595 ... ... ... 0 0 0 ... ... ... 99,435 50,875 48,560 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 22,960 12,215 10,740 ... ... ... 0 0 5 ... ... ... 1,344,640 702,660 641,975 ... ... ...
65 years and over 6,295 2,215 4,075 ... ... ... 5 0 10 ... ... ... 199,155 83,010 116,145 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.1 1.6 x 2.5 1.6 x 2.5 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.0
0 to 17 years (%) 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.9 x x x x x x 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5
0 to 5 years (%) 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 x x x x x x 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6
18 to 64 years (%) 7.1 7.5 6.6 7.1 7.5 6.6 x x x x x x 6.0 6.4 5.7 6.0 6.4 5.7
65 years and over (%) 5.6 4.4 6.5 5.6 4.4 6.5 3.0 x 5.0 3.0 x 5.0 3.1 2.7 3.3 3.1 2.7 3.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 533,530 261,755 271,775 100.0 100.0 100.0 650 315 335 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 100.0 100.0 100.0
In bottom half of the distribution 283,750 134,870 148,880 53.2 51.5 54.8 240 100 135 36.9 31.7 40.3 18,164,550 8,775,210 9,389,345 50.0 48.9 51.1
In bottom decile 49,565 23,215 26,350 9.3 8.9 9.7 15 0 15 2.3 0.0 4.5 3,632,735 1,759,660 1,873,070 10.0 9.8 10.2
In second decile 51,865 23,690 28,165 9.7 9.1 10.4 30 10 20 4.6 3.2 6.0 3,632,975 1,695,310 1,937,660 10.0 9.5 10.5
In third decile 58,000 27,410 30,590 10.9 10.5 11.3 45 20 25 6.9 6.3 7.5 3,632,895 1,752,160 1,880,735 10.0 9.8 10.2
In fourth decile 62,105 29,835 32,270 11.6 11.4 11.9 60 30 30 9.2 9.5 9.0 3,632,745 1,775,535 1,857,210 10.0 9.9 10.1
In fifth decile 62,215 30,720 31,500 11.7 11.7 11.6 90 40 50 13.8 12.7 14.9 3,633,205 1,792,540 1,840,670 10.0 10.0 10.0
In top half of the distribution 249,785 126,885 122,900 46.8 48.5 45.2 415 210 200 63.8 66.7 59.7 18,163,925 9,162,020 9,001,900 50.0 51.1 48.9
In sixth decile 62,055 31,250 30,805 11.6 11.9 11.3 115 55 65 17.7 17.5 19.4 3,632,910 1,810,370 1,822,535 10.0 10.1 9.9
In seventh decile 58,870 29,805 29,065 11.0 11.4 10.7 60 35 30 9.2 11.1 9.0 3,632,765 1,819,535 1,813,230 10.0 10.1 9.9
In eighth decile 54,210 27,440 26,765 10.2 10.5 9.8 125 70 60 19.2 22.2 17.9 3,632,555 1,829,025 1,803,530 10.0 10.2 9.8
In ninth decile 42,235 21,650 20,580 7.9 8.3 7.6 65 35 30 10.0 11.1 9.0 3,632,930 1,841,520 1,791,415 10.0 10.3 9.7
In top decile 32,415 16,740 15,680 6.1 6.4 5.8 45 20 20 6.9 6.3 6.0 3,632,765 1,861,575 1,771,195 10.0 10.4 9.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 533,535 ... ... 533,535 ... ... 655 ... ... 655 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.307 ... ... 0.307 ... ... 0.236 ... ... 0.236 ... ... 0.347 ... ... 0.347 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.416 ... ... 0.416 ... ... 0.328 ... ... 0.328 ... ... 0.462 ... ... 0.462 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.263 ... ... 0.263 ... ... 0.204 ... ... 0.204 ... ... 0.302 ... ... 0.302 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 3.3 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 542,435 265,020 277,415 100.0 100.0 100.0 655 315 335 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 2,150 1,165 985 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,261,655 12,620,855 12,640,800 69.0 69.9 68.1
French only 306,375 137,715 168,660 56.5 52.0 60.8 405 180 225 61.8 57.1 67.2 4,087,895 1,914,500 2,173,390 11.2 10.6 11.7
English and French 231,725 125,175 106,555 42.7 47.2 38.4 250 140 115 38.2 44.4 34.3 6,581,680 3,244,350 3,337,330 18.0 18.0 18.0
Neither English nor French 2,180 960 1,215 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 689,725 284,170 405,555 1.9 1.6 2.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 542,435 265,020 277,415 100.0 100.0 100.0 655 315 335 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 10,130 5,280 4,850 1.9 2.0 1.7 5 0 0 0.8 0.0 0.0 27,643,140 13,696,115 13,947,025 75.5 75.8 75.2
French 522,475 254,620 267,860 96.3 96.1 96.6 645 315 335 98.5 100.0 100.0 7,828,545 3,854,435 3,974,110 21.4 21.3 21.4
English and French 7,795 4,230 3,565 1.4 1.6 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 476,175 237,635 238,535 1.3 1.3 1.3
Neither English nor French 2,040 885 1,150 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 673,100 275,685 397,420 1.8 1.5 2.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 542,435 265,020 277,415 100.0 100.0 100.0 655 315 335 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 532,460 259,875 272,590 98.2 98.1 98.3 650 315 330 99.2 100.0 98.5 35,145,265 17,344,665 17,800,600 96.0 96.0 95.9
Official languages 499,205 243,365 255,840 92.0 91.8 92.2 625 305 325 95.4 96.8 97.0 27,296,445 13,583,930 13,712,510 74.5 75.2 73.9
English 7,685 4,035 3,655 1.4 1.5 1.3 5 0 0 0.8 0.0 0.0 20,107,200 10,036,360 10,070,835 54.9 55.6 54.3
French 491,515 239,335 252,180 90.6 90.3 90.9 625 305 320 95.4 96.8 95.5 7,189,245 3,547,565 3,641,675 19.6 19.6 19.6
Non-official languages 33,255 16,510 16,745 6.1 6.2 6.0 20 5 10 3.1 1.6 3.0 7,848,820 3,760,725 4,088,090 21.4 20.8 22.0
Indigenous languages39 355 140 210 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 148,895 71,630 77,265 0.4 0.4 0.4
Algonquian languages 325 140 190 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,125 46,545 50,580 0.3 0.3 0.3
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,520 1,180 1,340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 320 135 185 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 67,665 32,715 34,950 0.2 0.2 0.2
Atikamekw 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,500 2,825 2,670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,070 25,645 27,430 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 70 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 300 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,460 1,675 1,785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,475 1,075 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,025 2,345 2,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,850 1,370 1,480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,535 18,810 19,725 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu (Montagnais) 265 110 160 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,465 3,930 4,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 310 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,155 2,415 2,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,910 2,290 2,620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 125 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,775 10,230 11,550 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 865 400 460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,310 4,525 4,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,605 5,300 6,300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 235 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,880 850 1,030 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,185 4,190 4,995 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,885 6,200 6,680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,785 6,155 6,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 280 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,060 3,865 4,190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 70 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,505 755 755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 195 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 120 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 840 440 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,390 725 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 5 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 210 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 40 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 50 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,790 16,480 17,315 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 220 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 140 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 85 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,200 16,240 16,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 150 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 115 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 220 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,095 520 575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 100 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 125 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 80 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,040 485 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 245 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 180 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 515 515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 590 300 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 155 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 180 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 95 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 32,900 16,365 16,535 6.1 6.2 6.0 20 5 10 3.1 1.6 3.0 7,699,925 3,689,100 4,010,830 21.0 20.4 21.6
Afro-Asiatic languages 7,990 4,300 3,695 1.5 1.6 1.3 5 5 0 0.8 1.6 0.0 698,355 359,625 338,730 1.9 2.0 1.8
Berber languages 915 490 425 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,490 14,715 12,775 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kabyle 730 385 345 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,760 13,130 11,625 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamazight 135 75 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,340 1,365 975 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 55 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 225 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 95 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,985 1,085 905 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,315 740 570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 45 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 675 340 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015 510 505 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,410 23,275 26,135 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,020 1,085 935 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,905 3,015 2,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,730 18,775 21,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 755 400 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 6,915 3,730 3,190 1.3 1.4 1.1 5 5 0 0.8 1.6 0.0 618,450 320,045 298,405 1.7 1.8 1.6
Amharic 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,685 12,090 13,600 0.1 0.1 0.1
Arabic 6,885 3,710 3,175 1.3 1.4 1.1 5 5 0 0.8 1.6 0.0 508,410 265,350 243,060 1.4 1.5 1.3
Aramaic languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,690 13,465 14,220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,220 8,320 8,900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,860 4,335 4,525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,600 805 795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 550 675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,495 10,505 8,995 0.1 0.1 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,425 2,080 2,340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,075 15,775 15,300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 450 235 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 1,080 490 590 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 192,985 87,230 105,750 0.5 0.5 0.6
Khmer (Cambodian) 330 145 185 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,525 8,820 10,705 0.1 0.0 0.1
Vietnamese 750 350 400 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 173,000 78,180 94,820 0.5 0.4 0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 230 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 525 235 290 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 565,375 238,875 326,500 1.5 1.3 1.8
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,115 940 1,180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,215 3,425 4,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,945 7,800 11,145 0.1 0.0 0.1
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 605 325 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,690 3,900 5,795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,520 14,140 19,380 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,910 4,990 6,920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,100 465 640 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 275 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 255 120 140 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,085 990 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 145 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,245 580 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 115 50 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 415 425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 570 760 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,615 2,635 2,980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,050 900 1,150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 170 80 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 461,150 194,805 266,345 1.3 1.1 1.4
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,625 690 935 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,740 2,035 2,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 815 375 435 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,235 35,650 42,580 0.2 0.2 0.2
Haitian Creole 545 255 295 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,435 23,355 29,085 0.1 0.1 0.2
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 600 315 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 365 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,125 3,015 3,110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 165 75 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 280 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 60 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,550 7,325 8,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,135 1,000 1,140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 244,165 125,180 118,990 0.7 0.7 0.6
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,240 3,215 3,020 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,050 29,375 24,670 0.1 0.2 0.1
Tamil 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 152,850 75,010 77,845 0.4 0.4 0.4
Telugu 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,045 17,095 12,950 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 310 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 170 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,180 1,175 1,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 565 265 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 16,515 8,075 8,440 3.0 3.0 3.0 15 5 10 2.3 1.6 3.0 4,124,860 2,018,340 2,106,520 11.3 11.2 11.4
Albanian 230 120 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29,265 14,690 14,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,720 16,335 17,385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Balto-Slavic languages 2,230 1,070 1,160 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 648,810 297,100 351,710 1.8 1.6 1.9
Baltic languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,560 4,425 6,135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,430 1,875 2,555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,130 2,555 3,580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 2,220 1,060 1,160 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 638,250 292,670 345,580 1.7 1.6 1.9
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 720 325 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 210 90 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,035 9,090 9,950 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czech 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,025 9,215 10,815 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,795 7,075 7,720 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 220 90 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160,170 72,120 88,050 0.4 0.4 0.5
Russian 670 305 360 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 197,905 89,100 108,800 0.5 0.5 0.6
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 240 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 965 495 470 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 116,735 56,900 59,835 0.3 0.3 0.3
Bosnian 620 330 290 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,820 6,785 7,040 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 110 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,500 20,755 22,740 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 205 105 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,425 28,410 29,015 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,995 945 1,045 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,255 6,930 8,320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,965 3,425 4,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 110 45 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84,705 38,005 46,695 0.2 0.2 0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 235 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,150 1,110 1,045 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 665 355 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 210 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 825 410 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 135 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 530 240 290 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 463,400 221,365 242,035 1.3 1.2 1.3
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,570 800 775 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 375 150 225 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 301,570 142,580 158,990 0.8 0.8 0.9
German 355 145 215 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 272,865 128,250 144,615 0.7 0.7 0.8
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,065 4,530 4,540 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,575 3,740 3,835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,060 6,060 6,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 125 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 138,655 67,815 70,840 0.4 0.4 0.4
Afrikaans 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,270 6,175 6,095 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 105 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,315 39,000 41,310 0.2 0.2 0.2
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,670 4,255 4,420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,270 650 625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,200 16,410 16,785 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vlaams (Flemish) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,935 1,325 1,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,275 9,500 10,775 0.1 0.1 0.1
Danish 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,945 4,750 5,195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 905 430 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,535 1,675 1,860 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,890 2,645 3,245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 670 660 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 95 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 93,335 45,860 47,470 0.3 0.3 0.3
Indo-Iranian languages 1,690 830 855 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,659,505 847,400 812,105 4.5 4.7 4.4
Indo-Aryan languages 800 395 400 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,358,645 697,075 661,575 3.7 3.9 3.6
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 87,580 45,160 42,425 0.2 0.3 0.2
Gujarati 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 138,985 73,335 65,655 0.4 0.4 0.4
Hindi 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 152,825 79,585 73,240 0.4 0.4 0.4
Kacchi 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,930 3,100 3,830 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 745 395 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,425 1,675 1,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,145 7,330 6,810 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 460 230 225 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,425 11,920 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,775 940 835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,125 615 510 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 325 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 666,585 341,515 325,065 1.8 1.9 1.8
Rohingya 115 45 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,985 2,070 1,915 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,000 8,895 9,110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235,290 118,540 116,755 0.6 0.7 0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,865 2,085 1,780 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 895 435 460 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300,555 150,160 150,390 0.8 0.8 0.8
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 305 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 100 60 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,485 8,770 7,715 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 310 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,520 10,170 9,355 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian languages 780 370 410 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 262,625 130,180 132,440 0.7 0.7 0.7
Dari 210 95 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,220 28,070 29,155 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian Persian 505 245 260 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 179,425 89,070 90,360 0.5 0.5 0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,975 13,040 12,930 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 425 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 165 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 11,685 5,740 5,945 2.2 2.2 2.1 5 0 0 0.8 0.0 0.0 1,194,290 574,295 619,995 3.3 3.2 3.3
Catalan 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 905 470 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 490 285 205 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 319,505 154,295 165,205 0.9 0.9 0.9
Portuguese 2,520 1,270 1,255 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240,680 115,235 125,450 0.7 0.6 0.7
Romanian 795 380 410 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 93,160 44,185 48,975 0.3 0.2 0.3
Spanish 7,850 3,795 4,055 1.4 1.4 1.5 5 0 0 0.8 0.0 0.0 538,870 259,500 279,375 1.5 1.4 1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,165 610 550 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 385 195 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 135 30 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,850 14,205 29,650 0.1 0.1 0.2
Korean 65 15 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170,400 77,075 93,325 0.5 0.4 0.5
Mongolian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,850 800 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 3,830 1,935 1,890 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 108,295 52,850 55,440 0.3 0.3 0.3
Akan (Twi) 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,120 6,400 6,720 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 140 75 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,855 1,000 860 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,685 745 940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 100 60 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 1,030 920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 245 140 105 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,520 1,825 1,695 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 400 415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,890 885 1,010 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 320 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,175 2,720 2,460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 480 210 270 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,380 3,365 4,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 145 75 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,260 1,925 2,335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 245 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 515 260 260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 365 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 920 420 500 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 640 315 320 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,660 4,035 4,625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,605 1,665 1,940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 315 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 200 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 950 480 470 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,000 7,630 8,370 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,030 495 535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 365 190 175 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,890 2,605 2,285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,015 7,605 7,410 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 590 305 290 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,000 6,405 6,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 140 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,920 3,565 3,355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,865 1,000 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,090 515 570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 125 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,395 1,745 1,645 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 575 305 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 120 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,955 3,710 3,250 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,965 2,635 2,335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 95 50 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 990 520 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,005 555 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 1,255 575 675 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,309,825 602,025 707,800 3.6 3.3 3.8
Chinese languages 1,170 530 635 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,292,640 593,580 699,055 3.5 3.3 3.8
Hakka 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,765 4,420 5,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 840 380 465 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 679,255 310,750 368,510 1.9 1.7 2.0
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,310 665 645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,805 12,415 15,390 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wu (Shanghainese) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,880 3,995 4,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 245 120 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 553,380 255,540 297,835 1.5 1.4 1.6
Chinese, n.o.s. 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,610 5,500 6,110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 630 295 330 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 85 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,600 8,160 8,445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,305 1,590 1,710 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 400 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,520 2,240 2,275 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,900 1,940 1,960 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 305 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,025 3,475 3,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 60 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 445 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 285 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 160 55 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,350 8,605 13,745 0.1 0.0 0.1
Lao 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,485 5,475 6,010 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 70 10 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,455 2,960 7,495 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 165 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 80 50 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,520 28,385 25,135 0.1 0.2 0.1
Azerbaijani 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,490 2,460 2,030 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 540 230 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 60 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44,190 23,615 20,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,355 660 690 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,805 890 920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,150 530 620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 110 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68,180 31,000 37,180 0.2 0.2 0.2
Estonian 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,485 1,945 2,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,200 5,075 7,120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 90 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51,500 23,980 27,525 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other languages, n.i.e. 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,060 540 520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 9,970 5,145 4,830 1.8 1.9 1.7 5 0 5 0.8 0.0 1.5 1,475,690 719,210 756,480 4.0 4.0 4.1
English and French 4,530 2,380 2,150 0.8 0.9 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 291,325 142,420 148,905 0.8 0.8 0.8
English and non-official language(s) 340 175 165 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 921,480 450,685 470,800 2.5 2.5 2.5
French and non-official language(s) 4,320 2,195 2,130 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 117,910 57,875 60,040 0.3 0.3 0.3
English, French and non-official language(s) 465 240 225 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,880 25,900 26,975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 315 150 160 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92,095 42,330 49,765 0.3 0.2 0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 542,435 265,020 277,415 100.0 100.0 100.0 655 315 335 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 3,775 1,990 1,780 0.7 0.8 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,920,835 10,420,570 10,500,270 57.1 57.7 56.6
French 480,760 233,290 247,475 88.6 88.0 89.2 620 305 315 94.7 96.8 94.0 6,456,960 3,188,280 3,268,685 17.6 17.7 17.6
Non-official language 9,035 4,440 4,595 1.7 1.7 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,402,180 1,139,865 1,262,315 6.6 6.3 6.8
Indigenous39 95 35 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,460 25,385 25,080 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 8,935 4,405 4,530 1.6 1.7 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,351,720 1,114,475 1,237,240 6.4 6.2 6.7
English and French 21,740 11,930 9,810 4.0 4.5 3.5 10 5 5 1.5 1.6 1.5 953,760 465,560 488,205 2.6 2.6 2.6
English and non-official language(s) 980 475 500 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,835,815 2,350,245 2,485,570 13.2 13.0 13.4
French and non-official language(s) 19,480 9,470 10,015 3.6 3.6 3.6 10 5 5 1.5 1.6 1.5 395,320 188,195 207,125 1.1 1.0 1.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 6,105 3,160 2,945 1.1 1.2 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 455,760 217,995 237,770 1.2 1.2 1.3
Multiple non-official languages 560 265 290 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200,320 93,165 107,155 0.5 0.5 0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 542,435 265,020 277,415 100.0 100.0 100.0 655 315 335 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 531,650 259,530 272,120 98.0 97.9 98.1 650 310 335 99.2 98.4 100.0 35,057,615 17,305,575 17,752,035 95.7 95.8 95.7
Official languages 514,060 250,910 263,155 94.8 94.7 94.9 640 315 330 97.7 100.0 98.5 30,421,050 15,070,205 15,350,850 83.1 83.4 82.7
English 6,770 3,540 3,230 1.2 1.3 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,376,200 11,588,715 11,787,485 63.8 64.2 63.5
French 507,295 247,370 259,925 93.5 93.3 93.7 640 315 325 97.7 100.0 97.0 7,044,855 3,481,490 3,563,365 19.2 19.3 19.2
Non-official languages 17,585 8,620 8,965 3.2 3.3 3.2 5 0 5 0.8 0.0 1.5 4,636,560 2,235,370 2,401,190 12.7 12.4 12.9
Indigenous languages39 190 80 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85,835 42,950 42,885 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algonquian languages 175 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,135 25,010 25,120 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 980 495 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 170 70 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,255 19,165 19,090 0.1 0.1 0.1
Atikamekw 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,345 2,285 2,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,700 13,425 13,270 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 300 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,545 1,225 1,315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 665 305 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,455 730 725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 830 430 405 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,585 10,400 10,180 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu (Montagnais) 140 60 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,710 3,190 3,520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 260 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,650 1,250 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,595 1,225 1,365 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,250 4,100 4,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,540 2,305 2,235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,480 1,685 1,800 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 70 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 195 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,925 1,405 1,515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,260 3,675 3,585 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,230 3,655 3,575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 100 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,255 2,610 2,650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 705 390 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 110 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 220 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 755 420 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,295 13,695 13,600 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 65 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,140 13,625 13,520 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 80 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 130 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 110 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 115 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 17,395 8,540 8,860 3.2 3.2 3.2 5 0 5 0.8 0.0 1.5 4,550,725 2,192,420 2,358,305 12.4 12.1 12.7
Afro-Asiatic languages 3,520 1,770 1,750 0.6 0.7 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395,840 197,010 198,830 1.1 1.1 1.1
Berber languages 375 190 180 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,295 5,940 5,355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 285 140 145 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,180 5,325 4,850 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 840 455 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 50 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 155 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 425 410 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 635 330 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 95 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,375 14,115 16,260 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,645 890 760 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,890 1,935 1,960 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,410 11,075 13,335 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 215 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 3,090 1,550 1,535 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 352,790 176,270 176,520 1.0 1.0 1.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,030 6,470 7,565 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 3,075 1,550 1,525 0.6 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285,915 143,650 142,260 0.8 0.8 0.8
Aramaic languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,740 9,940 10,800 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,935 6,150 6,785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,585 3,185 3,400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 605 615 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 305 380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,515 4,355 4,160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 360 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,860 11,050 10,810 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 135 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 575 265 310 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 127,730 58,660 69,070 0.3 0.3 0.4
Khmer (Cambodian) 130 50 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,650 4,765 5,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 445 210 235 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 116,785 53,735 63,055 0.3 0.3 0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 160 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 280 140 140 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 326,245 149,550 176,700 0.9 0.8 1.0
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 370 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,125 1,895 2,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,195 4,720 5,480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 110 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,015 2,265 2,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,350 8,350 10,000 0.1 0.0 0.1
Indonesian 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,150 1,985 2,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 265 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 150 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 115 50 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 725 370 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 165 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 205 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 145 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,030 1,435 1,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 310 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 120 70 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275,045 125,870 149,170 0.8 0.7 0.8
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 325 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,100 1,000 1,105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 300 125 170 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,195 15,455 19,740 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haitian Creole 160 60 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,610 9,620 12,990 0.1 0.1 0.1
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 125 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 150 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,640 1,760 1,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 135 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,120 3,275 3,845 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 395 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 169,705 85,265 84,440 0.5 0.5 0.5
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,060 1,575 1,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,390 19,010 16,380 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 112,335 54,240 58,095 0.3 0.3 0.3
Telugu 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,470 10,215 8,250 0.1 0.1 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 120 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 105 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,335 730 610 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 10,115 4,970 5,140 1.9 1.9 1.9 5 0 5 0.8 0.0 1.5 2,264,155 1,111,775 1,152,380 6.2 6.2 6.2
Albanian 130 70 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,110 7,005 7,100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,970 10,415 11,550 0.1 0.1 0.1
Balto-Slavic languages 1,150 575 580 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 303,480 143,495 159,985 0.8 0.8 0.9
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,495 1,120 1,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 395 485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,615 720 895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 1,150 575 580 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300,985 142,375 158,610 0.8 0.8 0.9
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 100 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 110 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,315 5,005 5,310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,680 2,705 2,980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,105 2,880 3,225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65,140 30,225 34,915 0.2 0.2 0.2
Russian 410 205 205 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,780 59,290 66,490 0.3 0.3 0.4
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 155 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 515 265 245 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,150 25,720 27,430 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 325 165 160 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,480 3,135 3,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,925 6,965 7,960 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,110 15,310 15,800 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 640 315 325 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,015 2,410 2,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,375 595 785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 65 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,825 13,250 14,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 55 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 295 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 165 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 90 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140,450 68,575 71,875 0.4 0.4 0.4
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 110 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 103,780 50,460 53,325 0.3 0.3 0.3
German 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 86,820 41,815 45,005 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,270 3,640 3,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,750 870 875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,950 4,140 3,810 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,710 16,730 16,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,095 3,055 3,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,100 3,950 4,150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,965 2,480 2,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 490 240 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,845 6,895 6,945 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 100 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 920 1,020 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 280 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 75 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 125 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 435 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 740 355 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,300 17,490 20,810 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 1,265 615 650 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,167,370 590,435 576,930 3.2 3.3 3.1
Indo-Aryan languages 635 315 320 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 962,820 490,815 472,000 2.6 2.7 2.5
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 110 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 80 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,750 28,435 28,315 0.2 0.2 0.2
Gujarati 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92,005 47,790 44,215 0.3 0.3 0.2
Hindi 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91,930 47,555 44,375 0.3 0.3 0.2
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,055 1,310 1,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 130 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 415 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,460 3,800 3,660 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 405 205 200 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,835 8,595 8,235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 420 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 525 275 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 145 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 520,390 266,775 253,610 1.4 1.5 1.4
Rohingya 80 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 195 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,110 1,060 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,665 4,775 4,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 158,040 78,420 79,615 0.4 0.4 0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,015 1,040 975 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 630 300 330 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 204,420 99,545 104,875 0.6 0.6 0.6
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,380 5,245 5,135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 130 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,215 6,670 6,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 550 265 285 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 179,745 87,075 92,670 0.5 0.5 0.5
Dari 120 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,190 17,395 18,795 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian Persian 380 190 195 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,840 61,060 64,780 0.3 0.3 0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,715 8,620 9,095 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 475 250 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 70 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 7,430 3,635 3,795 1.4 1.4 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 577,735 273,965 303,770 1.6 1.5 1.6
Catalan 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 185 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92,755 38,750 54,005 0.3 0.2 0.3
Portuguese 1,835 925 915 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 118,730 56,685 62,045 0.3 0.3 0.3
Romanian 400 185 215 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,090 23,135 24,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Spanish 5,080 2,470 2,615 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 317,365 155,005 162,360 0.9 0.9 0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 210 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 95 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 70 20 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,055 8,290 11,765 0.1 0.0 0.1
Korean 25 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,525 58,250 67,275 0.3 0.3 0.4
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,050 505 545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 1,200 575 630 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,600 18,055 20,545 0.1 0.1 0.1
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,000 2,755 3,240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 280 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 150 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 225 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,315 665 650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 115 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 260 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,530 770 765 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 145 65 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,720 1,205 1,520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 40 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,520 655 860 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 35 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 130 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 235 105 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,780 1,760 2,025 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 480 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 145 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 45 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 420 200 220 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,055 3,290 3,765 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 130 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 125 60 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,945 1,040 910 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,395 2,505 2,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,720 1,250 1,470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,155 1,555 1,600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 900 485 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 295 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,465 705 760 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 75 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 180 100 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,160 7,005 5,160 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,175 4,660 3,515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 140 80 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,475 830 645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,520 1,515 1,000 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 920 465 460 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 967,965 450,210 517,755 2.6 2.5 2.8
Chinese languages 840 425 420 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 955,685 444,115 511,565 2.6 2.5 2.8
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,625 1,645 1,985 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 655 330 325 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530,945 249,675 281,270 1.4 1.4 1.5
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 775 370 405 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,945 6,255 7,685 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,750 2,705 3,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 155 75 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 393,430 180,000 213,435 1.1 1.0 1.2
Chinese, n.o.s. 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,985 3,360 3,625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 110 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 80 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,990 5,960 6,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,075 1,010 1,070 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 660 320 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,400 1,725 1,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,960 1,500 1,460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 225 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,395 2,680 2,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 55 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 225 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 135 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,120 4,660 5,460 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,955 2,850 3,105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,955 1,725 2,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 85 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,490 16,530 15,960 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,200 1,095 1,105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,970 14,290 13,685 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 850 420 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 950 470 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 195 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,790 8,625 10,165 0.1 0.0 0.1
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 245 370 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,880 825 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,295 7,550 8,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 195 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 10,780 5,490 5,295 2.0 2.1 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,563,345 758,295 805,045 4.3 4.2 4.3
English and French 4,225 2,240 1,985 0.8 0.8 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230,955 112,070 118,880 0.6 0.6 0.6
English and non-official language(s) 305 150 150 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,123,355 546,255 577,095 3.1 3.0 3.1
French and non-official language(s) 5,520 2,720 2,795 1.0 1.0 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,525 60,405 65,125 0.3 0.3 0.4
English, French and non-official language(s) 665 340 330 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,805 27,370 29,430 0.2 0.2 0.2
Multiple non-official languages 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,705 12,190 14,515 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 542,435 265,015 277,415 100.0 100.0 100.0 650 315 335 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,085 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 502,640 244,320 258,325 92.7 92.2 93.1 630 305 325 96.9 96.8 97.0 31,053,450 15,366,470 15,686,980 84.8 85.1 84.5
English 16,745 9,250 7,490 3.1 3.5 2.7 10 5 5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1,956,965 969,380 987,580 5.3 5.4 5.3
French 8,425 4,175 4,245 1.6 1.6 1.5 5 0 5 0.8 0.0 1.5 571,040 268,530 302,510 1.6 1.5 1.6
Non-official language 9,385 4,575 4,810 1.7 1.7 1.7 10 5 5 1.5 1.6 1.5 2,248,130 1,071,870 1,176,260 6.1 5.9 6.3
Indigenous39 110 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 63,565 29,285 34,280 0.2 0.2 0.2
Non-Indigenous 9,280 4,520 4,755 1.7 1.7 1.7 10 5 5 1.5 1.6 1.5 2,184,565 1,042,590 1,141,975 6.0 5.8 6.2
English and French 1,135 600 535 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 86,185 42,600 43,585 0.2 0.2 0.2
English and non-official language(s) 2,595 1,340 1,255 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 323,845 161,995 161,850 0.9 0.9 0.9
French and non-official language(s) 670 305 360 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 134,565 61,575 72,995 0.4 0.3 0.4
English, French and non-official language(s) 155 85 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,870 5,975 5,895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 680 355 325 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 234,905 115,470 119,430 0.6 0.6 0.6
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 533,540 261,755 271,785 100.0 100.0 100.0 635 300 330 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 531,350 260,805 270,545 99.6 99.6 99.5 630 300 330 99.2 100.0 100.0 35,644,660 17,656,300 17,988,360 98.1 98.4 97.8
English 232,115 125,640 106,470 43.5 48.0 39.2 220 120 105 34.6 40.0 31.8 31,628,570 15,769,105 15,859,470 87.1 87.9 86.2
French 529,110 259,640 269,475 99.2 99.2 99.2 630 300 330 99.2 100.0 100.0 10,563,235 5,115,365 5,447,875 29.1 28.5 29.6
Non-official languages 66,825 31,525 35,290 12.5 12.0 13.0 80 25 60 12.6 8.3 18.2 10,724,700 5,156,300 5,568,400 29.5 28.7 30.3
Indigenous languages39 685 305 385 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 243,155 116,360 126,795 0.7 0.6 0.7
Algonquian languages 590 265 335 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 163,815 78,135 85,675 0.5 0.4 0.5
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,680 3,120 3,560 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 580 250 330 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,850 50,975 54,870 0.3 0.3 0.3
Atikamekw 70 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,815 3,455 3,360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 87,875 42,340 45,530 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 220 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 895 450 445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,880 2,320 2,555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,675 2,025 2,645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,005 5,440 6,555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,110 2,460 2,650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61,000 29,930 31,070 0.2 0.2 0.2
Innu (Montagnais) 480 210 275 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,745 4,935 5,805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 515 525 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,035 4,770 5,260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,245 4,370 4,880 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820 420 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,865 20,015 22,850 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,950 895 1,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,305 7,450 7,855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,160 11,930 14,235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,035 875 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 80 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,625 1,670 1,955 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,720 9,495 11,225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 100 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,390 9,635 10,755 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,135 9,515 10,620 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550 680 870 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 125 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,560 5,470 6,085 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 115 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,330 1,140 1,190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 775 355 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 195 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,210 620 590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 480 265 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 130 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 140 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,140 1,080 1,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 40 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 400 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 120 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 140 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 75 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 90 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 90 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,795 20,980 21,820 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,140 505 630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 365 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 145 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,680 20,495 21,185 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,055 880 1,175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 95 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,605 655 950 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 105 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 90 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,905 850 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,305 2,555 2,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,415 670 745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 600 285 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 300 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,090 510 580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 165 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 135 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 705 320 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 190 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,965 1,465 1,495 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 195 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,530 715 810 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 925 470 455 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 180 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,665 1,335 1,335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,135 555 580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,110 595 515 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 210 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,205 1,010 1,200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 145 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 170 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820 355 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 315 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 310 335 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 855 405 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 66,155 31,235 34,915 12.4 11.9 12.8 80 25 60 12.6 8.3 18.2 10,485,595 5,041,770 5,443,825 28.9 28.1 29.6
Afro-Asiatic languages 12,230 6,515 5,715 2.3 2.5 2.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,100,035 565,845 534,195 3.0 3.2 2.9
Berber languages 1,160 655 500 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,835 22,775 20,060 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kabyle 935 510 425 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,415 19,660 17,755 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamazight 170 115 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,735 2,720 2,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 85 60 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 750 575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 325 180 145 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,090 3,740 3,350 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 185 100 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,080 2,695 2,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 140 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,010 1,040 965 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,690 1,790 1,900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 85 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 71,930 34,430 37,500 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,745 1,490 1,260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,635 4,860 4,780 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 85 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,005 27,735 31,270 0.2 0.2 0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,400 760 645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 11,380 6,050 5,335 2.1 2.3 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015,485 524,700 490,780 2.8 2.9 2.7
Amharic 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,305 23,910 24,395 0.1 0.1 0.1
Arabic 11,240 5,955 5,285 2.1 2.3 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 838,045 436,510 401,540 2.3 2.4 2.2
Aramaic languages 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,655 19,690 19,965 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,865 11,765 12,100 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,285 6,625 6,655 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,195 1,625 1,570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,000 925 1,075 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 110 70 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 83,205 42,515 40,685 0.2 0.2 0.2
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,535 3,080 3,450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,970 23,120 22,845 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,760 1,065 695 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 1,370 620 755 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260,030 120,035 139,995 0.7 0.7 0.8
Khmer (Cambodian) 385 155 230 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,390 13,100 15,290 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vietnamese 995 455 540 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 232,800 107,435 125,355 0.6 0.6 0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 910 455 455 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 790 305 480 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 793,275 336,445 456,840 2.2 1.9 2.5
Bikol 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,260 1,975 2,275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,990 4,625 6,375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,045 13,790 19,250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,765 900 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,385 6,650 9,735 0.0 0.0 0.1
Ilocano 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61,680 25,280 36,400 0.2 0.1 0.2
Indonesian 60 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,815 8,895 10,915 0.1 0.0 0.1
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,950 770 1,175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 860 345 510 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 340 145 190 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,885 1,960 1,920 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 170 70 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,355 1,215 1,140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 170 75 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,565 785 780 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,770 4,995 5,775 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,555 4,690 5,865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,455 1,885 2,575 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 320 120 200 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 737,565 310,735 426,830 2.0 1.7 2.3
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,520 1,910 2,610 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 50 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,140 8,785 11,355 0.1 0.0 0.1
Creole languages 1,720 810 915 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 184,840 85,045 99,790 0.5 0.5 0.5
Haitian Creole 1,220 540 680 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 134,895 61,215 73,680 0.4 0.3 0.4
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,875 2,200 2,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 870 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 80 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,345 7,620 7,725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 205 110 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,535 785 750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 140 80 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,220 14,400 16,825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e. 125 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,585 4,575 5,005 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 359,485 185,160 174,325 1.0 1.0 0.9
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,420 9,660 8,760 0.1 0.1 0.0
Malayalam 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 77,910 42,025 35,890 0.2 0.2 0.2
Tamil 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 237,890 119,570 118,320 0.7 0.7 0.6
Telugu 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,685 30,575 24,110 0.2 0.2 0.1
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,765 935 835 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 970 450 520 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,015 1,565 1,445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 720 365 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 41,540 19,135 22,405 7.8 7.3 8.2 45 20 25 7.1 6.7 7.6 5,849,775 2,867,575 2,982,195 16.1 16.0 16.2
Albanian 360 185 175 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,345 19,410 18,935 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 100 40 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44,500 21,675 22,825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Balto-Slavic languages 3,470 1,725 1,740 0.7 0.7 0.6 20 10 10 3.1 3.3 3.0 820,305 384,390 435,915 2.3 2.1 2.4
Baltic languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,890 5,900 7,985 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,020 2,595 3,425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,895 3,325 4,570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 3,455 1,715 1,740 0.6 0.7 0.6 20 10 10 3.1 3.3 3.0 809,985 380,025 429,960 2.2 2.1 2.3
Belarusian 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,825 1,185 1,640 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 295 125 170 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,210 11,805 12,400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czech 70 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,625 13,595 15,030 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,015 10,965 12,050 0.1 0.1 0.1
Polish 340 165 175 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 204,460 94,135 110,325 0.6 0.5 0.6
Russian 1,555 785 770 0.3 0.3 0.3 10 10 10 1.6 3.3 3.0 309,235 145,375 163,860 0.9 0.8 0.9
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 345 330 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 1,220 620 595 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155,775 76,800 78,975 0.4 0.4 0.4
Bosnian 835 435 400 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,380 12,555 12,825 0.1 0.1 0.1
Croatian 250 125 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73,845 36,015 37,830 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbian 295 135 155 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 83,735 41,550 42,185 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 40 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,085 1,590 1,500 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,905 9,455 11,450 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovene (Slovenian) 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,650 4,715 5,935 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 275 115 160 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 131,655 59,230 72,425 0.4 0.3 0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,485 5,430 5,055 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,360 2,940 2,415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,170 1,050 1,120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,170 1,015 1,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 910 495 415 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 3,225 1,600 1,625 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 658,705 319,800 338,905 1.8 1.8 1.8
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,835 1,480 1,350 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 2,820 1,385 1,435 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 453,995 222,215 231,780 1.2 1.2 1.3
German 2,785 1,365 1,420 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 419,195 204,840 214,355 1.2 1.1 1.2
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,565 5,260 5,305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 50 35 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,465 5,025 5,440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,155 10,105 10,045 0.1 0.1 0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 305 135 165 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 191,840 93,435 98,405 0.5 0.5 0.5
Afrikaans 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29,670 15,335 14,335 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dutch 275 130 140 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 107,985 51,330 56,650 0.3 0.3 0.3
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,555 5,245 5,315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,310 640 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,165 20,590 20,575 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vlaams (Flemish) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,985 1,825 2,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 165 95 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,500 17,205 20,300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Danish 40 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,700 6,805 7,900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,475 685 790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 25 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,860 4,180 4,675 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 100 60 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,620 6,765 7,855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,275 720 555 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 170 85 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145,060 71,685 73,375 0.4 0.4 0.4
Indo-Iranian languages 2,280 1,155 1,120 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,263,825 1,162,830 1,100,990 6.2 6.5 6.0
Indo-Aryan languages 1,325 690 635 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,918,570 989,350 929,220 5.3 5.5 5.1
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,155 590 565 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 215 110 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120,605 62,330 58,270 0.3 0.3 0.3
Gujarati 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 209,415 110,000 99,405 0.6 0.6 0.5
Hindi 400 225 175 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 761,425 395,410 366,015 2.1 2.2 2.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,085 6,785 8,300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,830 965 865 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,950 4,300 4,645 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,230 18,210 17,020 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 560 320 245 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,660 15,680 14,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,235 1,665 1,570 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,710 925 785 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550 755 795 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 942,170 488,075 454,090 2.6 2.7 2.5
Rohingya 245 105 145 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 345 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,385 4,480 3,910 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,050 16,645 16,400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Urdu 130 75 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 414,870 211,895 202,975 1.1 1.2 1.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,320 6,280 5,040 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 1,000 485 515 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370,520 186,750 183,770 1.0 1.0 1.0
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 985 565 420 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 115 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,035 13,005 11,030 0.1 0.1 0.1
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000 535 470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,695 16,810 14,885 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian languages 910 440 470 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 326,285 163,665 162,620 0.9 0.9 0.9
Dari 170 85 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,220 38,765 39,460 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian Persian 625 315 310 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 222,160 111,750 110,415 0.6 0.6 0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 160 70 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,345 15,460 14,880 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,830 970 855 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,135 1,245 895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 33,870 15,245 18,625 6.3 5.8 6.9 25 0 25 3.9 0.0 7.6 2,054,885 975,310 1,079,575 5.7 5.4 5.9
Catalan 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,855 1,560 1,305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 2,770 1,405 1,365 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 547,655 263,950 283,705 1.5 1.5 1.5
Portuguese 3,810 2,035 1,775 0.7 0.8 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 336,865 164,985 171,880 0.9 0.9 0.9
Romanian 1,035 485 545 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 116,520 55,570 60,950 0.3 0.3 0.3
Spanish 28,335 12,365 15,970 5.3 4.7 5.9 20 0 15 3.1 0.0 4.5 1,171,450 548,315 623,135 3.2 3.1 3.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 50 35 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,890 2,835 2,060 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,965 1,025 940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 645 330 310 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98,070 43,380 54,690 0.3 0.2 0.3
Korean 155 50 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 203,885 92,275 111,605 0.6 0.5 0.6
Mongolian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,545 1,085 1,455 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 6,985 3,415 3,570 1.3 1.3 1.3 40 15 30 6.3 5.0 9.1 267,520 131,495 136,025 0.7 0.7 0.7
Akan (Twi) 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,240 12,585 13,660 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bamanankan 295 135 160 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,950 2,570 2,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,945 2,315 2,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 190 125 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,645 2,490 2,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 575 300 275 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,840 4,100 3,740 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,255 1,565 1,685 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,650 2,055 2,600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,850 750 1,100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,365 9,345 9,020 0.1 0.1 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 815 370 445 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,515 6,305 7,210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 675 360 315 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,720 12,260 13,460 0.1 0.1 0.1
Luba-Kasai 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,695 1,300 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 200 90 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,085 1,055 1,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,080 585 490 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,425 1,140 1,285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 955 475 480 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,825 7,070 7,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,280 3,440 3,845 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,010 650 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,305 580 725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 1,855 920 935 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,295 28,950 28,340 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wojenaka 185 105 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,820 1,440 1,380 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 965 490 470 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,940 6,925 6,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,935 25,265 25,675 0.1 0.1 0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 1,915 960 960 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,625 21,935 21,685 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages 270 115 155 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,090 5,570 5,530 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,815 1,470 1,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,490 685 805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 270 115 155 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,815 3,425 3,385 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 105 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,760 1,485 1,275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 660 270 390 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,535 19,685 29,850 0.1 0.1 0.2
American Sign Language 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,620 14,430 23,195 0.1 0.1 0.1
Quebec Sign Language 585 240 345 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,195 2,525 3,670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 95 30 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,450 3,515 3,940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 1,965 865 1,100 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550,930 721,520 829,410 4.3 4.0 4.5
Chinese languages 1,825 795 1,030 0.3 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,528,860 710,700 818,160 4.2 4.0 4.4
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,830 6,845 7,980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 1,390 585 805 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 987,300 452,995 534,305 2.7 2.5 2.9
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,825 840 980 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 105 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51,755 22,840 28,920 0.1 0.1 0.2
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,660 6,060 7,600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 425 185 240 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 724,925 335,185 389,740 2.0 1.9 2.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,720 5,695 6,020 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,185 560 625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 130 70 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,300 10,955 11,345 0.1 0.1 0.1
Burmese 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,935 2,910 3,025 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,140 520 620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,705 2,790 2,915 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,030 2,490 2,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 845 395 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,160 4,565 4,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 890 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 540 680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 285 110 180 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,705 14,255 19,440 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lao 130 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,630 8,320 9,310 0.0 0.0 0.1
Thai 185 55 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,575 6,955 11,615 0.1 0.0 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 330 465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 170 100 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91,375 47,575 43,800 0.3 0.3 0.2
Azerbaijani 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,875 5,380 4,490 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,415 600 815 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 125 75 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,500 41,130 37,365 0.2 0.2 0.2
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,660 790 875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,290 1,645 1,640 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,150 980 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 150 80 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85,055 39,290 45,765 0.2 0.2 0.2
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,315 2,320 2,990 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,325 6,735 8,590 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 115 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,625 30,320 34,300 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other languages, n.i.e. 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,545 2,750 2,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 533,540 261,755 271,785 100.0 100.0 100.0 630 300 330 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous identity45 9,395 4,520 4,870 1.8 1.7 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,807,250 877,645 929,605 5.0 4.9 5.1
Single Indigenous responses46 8,750 4,200 4,545 1.6 1.6 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,743,165 847,385 895,785 4.8 4.7 4.9
First Nations (North American Indian) 5,380 2,550 2,830 1.0 1.0 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,048,405 506,515 541,890 2.9 2.8 2.9
Métis 3,165 1,555 1,605 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 624,220 306,220 318,000 1.7 1.7 1.7
Inuk (Inuit) 200 90 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70,540 34,645 35,895 0.2 0.2 0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses47 190 105 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,855 13,645 15,215 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 450 210 240 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,225 16,620 18,610 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous identity 524,150 257,235 266,915 98.2 98.3 98.2 630 300 330 100.0 100.0 100.0 34,521,230 17,059,520 17,461,710 95.0 95.1 94.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 533,540 261,755 271,785 100.0 100.0 100.0 630 300 330 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian49 3,260 1,535 1,725 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 831,720 402,310 429,405 2.3 2.2 2.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 530,280 260,220 270,060 99.4 99.4 99.4 630 300 330 100.0 100.0 100.0 35,496,755 17,534,850 17,961,905 97.7 97.8 97.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 265,715 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 280 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Owner 136,145 ... ... 51.2 ... ... 240 ... ... 85.7 ... ... 9,955,975 ... ... 66.5 ... ...
Renter 129,565 ... ... 48.8 ... ... 40 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 4,953,840 ... ... 33.1 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 265,715 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 280 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Condominium 47,950 ... ... 18.0 ... ... 110 ... ... 39.3 ... ... 2,248,280 ... ... 15.0 ... ...
Not condominium 217,765 ... ... 82.0 ... ... 170 ... ... 60.7 ... ... 12,730,660 ... ... 85.0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 265,715 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 280 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
No bedrooms 3,330 ... ... 1.3 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 132,060 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
1 bedroom 58,930 ... ... 22.2 ... ... 30 ... ... 10.7 ... ... 2,124,485 ... ... 14.2 ... ...
2 bedrooms 92,570 ... ... 34.8 ... ... 105 ... ... 37.5 ... ... 3,829,965 ... ... 25.6 ... ...
3 bedrooms 70,355 ... ... 26.5 ... ... 80 ... ... 28.6 ... ... 4,982,900 ... ... 33.3 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 40,530 ... ... 15.3 ... ... 65 ... ... 23.2 ... ... 3,909,525 ... ... 26.1 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 265,715 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 280 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 123,770 ... ... 46.6 ... ... 120 ... ... 42.9 ... ... 4,662,125 ... ... 31.1 ... ...
5 rooms 41,655 ... ... 15.7 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 2,323,910 ... ... 15.5 ... ...
6 rooms 24,590 ... ... 9.3 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 2,037,185 ... ... 13.6 ... ...
7 rooms 22,735 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 30 ... ... 10.7 ... ... 1,796,855 ... ... 12.0 ... ...
8 or more rooms 52,960 ... ... 19.9 ... ... 105 ... ... 37.5 ... ... 4,158,855 ... ... 27.8 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 5.4 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 265,715 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 280 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 263,990 ... ... 99.4 ... ... 280 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,625,230 ... ... 97.6 ... ...
More than one person per room 1,725 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 353,715 ... ... 2.4 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 265,715 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 280 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Suitable 260,295 ... ... 98.0 ... ... 280 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,173,290 ... ... 94.6 ... ...
Not suitable 5,420 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 805,650 ... ... 5.4 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 265,715 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 280 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1960 or before 55,205 ... ... 20.8 ... ... 20 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 3,027,045 ... ... 20.2 ... ...
1961 to 1980 80,320 ... ... 30.2 ... ... 135 ... ... 48.2 ... ... 4,171,840 ... ... 27.9 ... ...
1981 to 1990 39,705 ... ... 14.9 ... ... 20 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 1,982,515 ... ... 13.2 ... ...
1991 to 2000 29,160 ... ... 11.0 ... ... 20 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 1,805,985 ... ... 12.1 ... ...
2001 to 2005 13,630 ... ... 5.1 ... ... 20 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 959,860 ... ... 6.4 ... ...
2006 to 2010 15,940 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 60 ... ... 21.4 ... ... 1,034,925 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
2011 to 2015 15,515 ... ... 5.8 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 967,540 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
2016 to 202157 16,240 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,029,220 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 265,715 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 280 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 252,200 ... ... 94.9 ... ... 255 ... ... 91.1 ... ... 14,059,395 ... ... 93.9 ... ...
Major repairs needed 13,510 ... ... 5.1 ... ... 30 ... ... 10.7 ... ... 919,545 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 265,715 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 280 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-maintainer household 155,015 ... ... 58.3 ... ... 150 ... ... 53.6 ... ... 7,659,700 ... ... 51.1 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 106,740 ... ... 40.2 ... ... 125 ... ... 44.6 ... ... 6,631,755 ... ... 44.3 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 3,965 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 687,485 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 265,715 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 280 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
15 to 24 years 11,640 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 424,695 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
25 to 34 years 42,570 ... ... 16.0 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 2,077,895 ... ... 13.9 ... ...
35 to 44 years 44,495 ... ... 16.7 ... ... 40 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 2,600,000 ... ... 17.4 ... ...
45 to 54 years 38,860 ... ... 14.6 ... ... 40 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 2,646,945 ... ... 17.7 ... ...
55 to 64 years 49,225 ... ... 18.5 ... ... 35 ... ... 12.5 ... ... 3,046,560 ... ... 20.3 ... ...
65 to 74 years 45,090 ... ... 17.0 ... ... 75 ... ... 26.8 ... ... 2,432,140 ... ... 16.2 ... ...
75 to 84 years 26,135 ... ... 9.8 ... ... 60 ... ... 21.4 ... ... 1,292,805 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
85 years and over 7,695 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 20 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 457,900 ... ... 3.1 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 264,715 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 285 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,687,350 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 222,060 ... ... 83.9 ... ... 270 ... ... 94.7 ... ... 11,612,640 ... ... 79.1 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 42,655 ... ... 16.1 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 3,074,715 ... ... 20.9 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 39,255 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 2,742,920 ... ... 18.7 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 265,715 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 280 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 58,545 ... ... 22.0 ... ... 50 ... ... 17.9 ... ... 4,379,420 ... ... 29.2 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 40,000 ... ... 15.1 ... ... 15 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 2,728,995 ... ... 18.2 ... ...
Not suitable only 4,570 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 595,110 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 10,950 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 30 ... ... 10.7 ... ... 645,465 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 465 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 135,770 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 2,175 ... ... 0.8 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 199,355 ... ... 1.3 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 370 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 64,095 ... ... 0.4 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 20 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 10,630 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
Acceptable housing 207,170 ... ... 78.0 ... ... 235 ... ... 83.9 ... ... 10,599,520 ... ... 70.8 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 261,320 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 285 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,355,555 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
In core need 14,230 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,451,025 ... ... 10.1 ... ...
Not in core need 247,085 ... ... 94.6 ... ... 275 ... ... 96.5 ... ... 12,904,530 ... ... 89.9 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 136,115 ... ... ... ... ... 245 ... ... ... ... ... 9,807,720 ... ... ... ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 62.7 ... ... 62.7 ... ... 53.1 ... ... 53.1 ... ... 60.0 ... ... 60.0 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 8.4 ... ... 8.4 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 14.8 ... ...
% in core housing need63 1.4 ... ... 1.4 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 5.3 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,130 ... ... 1,130 ... ... 840 ... ... 840 ... ... 1,240 ... ... 1,240 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,195 ... ... 1,195 ... ... 1,040 ... ... 1,040 ... ... 1,498 ... ... 1,498 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 300,000 ... ... 300,000 ... ... 300,000 ... ... 300,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 326,800 ... ... 326,800 ... ... 298,000 ... ... 298,000 ... ... 618,500 ... ... 618,500 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 129,565 ... ... ... ... ... 40 ... ... ... ... ... 4,936,850 ... ... ... ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 10.5 ... ... 10.5 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 11.7 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 24.3 ... ... 24.3 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 33.2 ... ... 33.2 ... ...
% in core housing need63 9.8 ... ... 9.8 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 20.0 ... ... 20.0 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 830 ... ... 830 ... ... 970 ... ... 970 ... ... 1,070 ... ... 1,070 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 904 ... ... 904 ... ... 1,100 ... ... 1,100 ... ... 1,209 ... ... 1,209 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... ... ... ... 0 ... ... ... ... ... 69,130 ... ... ... ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.9 ... ... 5.9 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 284 ... ... 284 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 327 ... ... 327 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 533,540 261,755 271,785 100.0 100.0 100.0 635 300 335 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 7,295 3,305 3,985 1.4 1.3 1.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 985,200 480,950 504,245 2.7 2.7 2.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 7,200 3,265 3,930 1.3 1.2 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 963,705 470,850 492,855 2.7 2.6 2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 6,020 2,765 3,255 1.1 1.1 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 763,230 371,400 391,825 2.1 2.1 2.1
Métis single ancestry 1,060 470 590 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 146,010 72,680 73,325 0.4 0.4 0.4
Inuit single ancestry 125 35 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,475 26,770 27,700 0.1 0.1 0.2
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 90 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,490 10,095 11,395 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 75 25 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,665 8,215 9,450 0.0 0.0 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,430 1,185 1,250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,070 530 535 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 165 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 11,965 5,470 6,495 2.2 2.1 2.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,219,285 585,590 633,690 3.4 3.3 3.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 11,725 5,380 6,350 2.2 2.1 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,183,350 568,980 614,365 3.3 3.2 3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 10,670 4,840 5,830 2.0 1.8 2.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 801,630 384,550 417,075 2.2 2.1 2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 945 460 480 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 362,130 174,975 187,150 1.0 1.0 1.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 115 75 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,595 9,450 10,150 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 235 85 145 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,930 16,605 19,320 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 195 70 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,815 14,790 17,025 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,785 1,190 1,595 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,005 500 505 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 125 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 514,285 252,985 261,300 96.4 96.6 96.1 630 300 335 99.2 100.0 100.0 34,124,000 16,870,625 17,253,375 93.9 94.1 93.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 533,540 261,755 271,785 100.0 100.0 100.0 635 305 335 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian citizens77 503,370 246,560 256,810 94.3 94.2 94.5 610 285 325 96.1 93.4 97.0 33,143,225 16,360,910 16,782,315 91.2 91.2 91.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18 89,385 45,425 43,960 16.8 17.4 16.2 115 75 35 18.1 24.6 10.4 6,784,875 3,486,545 3,298,330 18.7 19.4 17.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 413,985 201,140 212,845 77.6 76.8 78.3 495 210 290 78.0 68.9 86.6 26,358,355 12,874,365 13,483,990 72.6 71.8 73.3
Not Canadian citizens78 30,170 15,195 14,980 5.7 5.8 5.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,185,250 1,576,255 1,608,995 8.8 8.8 8.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 533,540 261,755 271,785 100.0 100.0 100.0 635 305 335 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-immigrants80 475,200 232,315 242,880 89.1 88.8 89.4 545 265 275 85.8 86.9 82.1 27,042,120 13,461,515 13,580,610 74.4 75.0 73.8
Immigrants81 45,235 22,475 22,760 8.5 8.6 8.4 90 35 60 14.2 11.5 17.9 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,340 23.0 22.2 23.8
Before 1980 3,130 1,745 1,385 0.6 0.7 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,540,610 731,340 809,265 4.2 4.1 4.4
1980 to 1990 2,440 1,330 1,110 0.5 0.5 0.4 10 0 10 1.6 0.0 3.0 924,320 443,805 480,520 2.5 2.5 2.6
1991 to 2000 4,775 2,295 2,475 0.9 0.9 0.9 45 15 30 7.1 4.9 9.0 1,511,475 708,315 803,165 4.2 3.9 4.4
2001 to 2010 12,720 6,360 6,360 2.4 2.4 2.3 10 0 10 1.6 0.0 3.0 1,930,525 911,190 1,019,340 5.3 5.1 5.5
2011 to 202182 22,160 10,740 11,425 4.2 4.1 4.2 30 20 15 4.7 6.6 4.5 2,454,570 1,181,515 1,273,055 6.8 6.6 6.9
2011 to 2015 9,850 4,800 5,050 1.8 1.8 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,126,330 536,615 589,715 3.1 3.0 3.2
2016 to 2021 12,315 5,940 6,375 2.3 2.3 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,328,240 644,900 683,335 3.7 3.6 3.7
Non-permanent residents83 13,115 6,965 6,150 2.5 2.7 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 924,850 499,490 425,365 2.5 2.8 2.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 45,235 22,475 22,760 100.0 100.0 100.0 90 35 60 100.0 100.0 100.0 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years 5,080 2,480 2,600 11.2 11.0 11.4 15 10 0 16.7 28.6 0.0 748,265 377,795 370,470 8.9 9.5 8.4
5 to 14 years 7,510 3,630 3,885 16.6 16.2 17.1 35 10 25 38.9 28.6 41.7 1,438,440 730,675 707,765 17.2 18.4 16.1
15 to 24 years 6,085 2,775 3,315 13.5 12.3 14.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,594,290 720,630 873,660 19.1 18.1 19.9
25 to 44 years 23,815 12,230 11,580 52.6 54.4 50.9 40 10 25 44.4 28.6 41.7 3,783,335 1,782,805 2,000,525 45.2 44.8 45.6
45 years and over 2,735 1,360 1,375 6.0 6.1 6.0 10 0 0 11.1 0.0 0.0 797,180 364,260 432,920 9.5 9.2 9.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 45,235 22,475 22,760 100.0 100.0 100.0 90 35 60 100.0 100.0 100.0 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 8,960 4,215 4,745 19.8 18.8 20.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,203,180 546,325 656,855 14.4 13.7 15.0
Brazil 1,115 545 570 2.5 2.4 2.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,450 22,405 26,050 0.6 0.6 0.6
Colombia 2,865 1,315 1,555 6.3 5.9 6.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,570 36,675 43,900 1.0 0.9 1.0
El Salvador 330 185 140 0.7 0.8 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,450 24,430 25,015 0.6 0.6 0.6
Guyana 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85,530 37,870 47,660 1.0 1.0 1.1
Haiti 1,125 495 625 2.5 2.2 2.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 99,945 44,585 55,360 1.2 1.1 1.3
Jamaica 25 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145,360 63,430 81,925 1.7 1.6 1.9
Mexico 780 365 415 1.7 1.6 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90,585 42,215 48,370 1.1 1.1 1.1
Peru 300 135 160 0.7 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,420 13,925 17,490 0.4 0.4 0.4
Trinidad and Tobago 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65,035 29,110 35,930 0.8 0.7 0.8
United States of America 770 355 410 1.7 1.6 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 256,090 115,380 140,705 3.1 2.9 3.2
Other places of birth in Americas 1,655 800 850 3.7 3.6 3.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250,760 116,305 134,460 3.0 2.9 3.1
Europe 12,755 6,615 6,140 28.2 29.4 27.0 40 15 20 44.4 42.9 33.3 1,967,620 955,840 1,011,785 23.5 24.0 23.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina 860 445 415 1.9 2.0 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,925 17,705 18,220 0.4 0.4 0.4
Croatia 65 20 45 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,675 18,115 18,560 0.4 0.5 0.4
France 7,360 3,900 3,460 16.3 17.4 15.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 121,525 63,845 57,685 1.5 1.6 1.3
Germany 315 110 205 0.7 0.5 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 126,470 60,560 65,915 1.5 1.5 1.5
Greece 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,715 27,050 27,665 0.7 0.7 0.6
Hungary 35 20 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,050 14,595 16,450 0.4 0.4 0.4
Italy 320 190 125 0.7 0.8 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 204,065 101,445 102,625 2.4 2.6 2.3
Netherlands 35 10 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75,830 39,020 36,810 0.9 1.0 0.8
Poland 225 120 105 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135,030 60,660 74,370 1.6 1.5 1.7
Portugal 260 145 115 0.6 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 128,795 62,880 65,910 1.5 1.6 1.5
Romania 605 280 320 1.3 1.2 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 86,770 40,820 45,955 1.0 1.0 1.0
Russian Federation 270 130 135 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81,840 35,185 46,650 1.0 0.9 1.1
Serbia86 80 40 40 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,925 15,480 16,450 0.4 0.4 0.4
Ukraine 310 120 190 0.7 0.5 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81,135 36,840 44,295 1.0 0.9 1.0
United Kingdom87 255 185 70 0.6 0.8 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 464,135 229,710 234,430 5.6 5.8 5.3
Other places of birth in Europe 1,760 895 860 3.9 4.0 3.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 271,725 131,935 139,790 3.2 3.3 3.2
Africa 18,370 9,330 9,045 40.6 41.5 39.7 50 15 30 55.6 42.9 50.0 821,735 412,365 409,375 9.8 10.4 9.3
Algeria 1,915 1,055 865 4.2 4.7 3.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 79,660 41,065 38,600 1.0 1.0 0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1,310 610 705 2.9 2.7 3.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,110 15,775 17,340 0.4 0.4 0.4
Egypt 150 70 80 0.3 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73,710 38,730 34,980 0.9 1.0 0.8
Eritrea 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,385 16,575 14,815 0.4 0.4 0.3
Ethiopia 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,715 19,955 21,760 0.5 0.5 0.5
Morocco 2,715 1,410 1,305 6.0 6.3 5.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81,775 41,085 40,685 1.0 1.0 0.9
Nigeria 65 20 40 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81,290 41,665 39,620 1.0 1.0 0.9
Somalia 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,500 14,600 17,900 0.4 0.4 0.4
South Africa, Republic of 55 15 40 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51,590 25,740 25,855 0.6 0.6 0.6
Other places of birth in Africa 12,125 6,140 5,985 26.8 27.3 26.3 25 10 10 27.8 28.6 16.7 314,995 157,170 157,825 3.8 4.0 3.6
Asia 5,100 2,285 2,815 11.3 10.2 12.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,307,000 2,030,575 2,276,420 51.5 51.1 51.9
Afghanistan 150 70 80 0.3 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 62,450 30,940 31,515 0.7 0.8 0.7
Iran88 310 140 170 0.7 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 182,940 92,300 90,645 2.2 2.3 2.1
Iraq 65 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84,130 42,660 41,465 1.0 1.1 0.9
Lebanon 230 145 90 0.5 0.6 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95,725 50,675 45,055 1.1 1.3 1.0
Syria89 500 270 235 1.1 1.2 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,590 49,855 47,735 1.2 1.3 1.1
Turkey 25 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,270 18,835 16,435 0.4 0.5 0.4
China90 840 275 565 1.9 1.2 2.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 715,835 317,970 397,860 8.6 8.0 9.1
Hong Kong91 50 20 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 213,855 100,480 113,375 2.6 2.5 2.6
Korea, South92 65 35 35 0.1 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 138,355 63,025 75,325 1.7 1.6 1.7
Taiwan 30 15 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65,365 28,725 36,635 0.8 0.7 0.8
Philippines 255 85 170 0.6 0.4 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 719,580 305,115 414,460 8.6 7.7 9.5
Viet Nam 570 260 310 1.3 1.2 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 182,095 82,670 99,425 2.2 2.1 2.3
Bangladesh 210 100 110 0.5 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70,090 35,675 34,415 0.8 0.9 0.8
India 100 55 45 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 898,050 451,120 446,930 10.7 11.3 10.2
Pakistan 25 25 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 234,105 118,390 115,715 2.8 3.0 2.6
Sri Lanka 25 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 136,240 66,215 70,030 1.6 1.7 1.6
Other places of birth in Asia 1,645 755 895 3.6 3.4 3.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 375,340 175,930 199,410 4.5 4.4 4.5
Oceania and other places of birth93 45 30 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61,965 31,055 30,910 0.7 0.8 0.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 12,315 5,940 6,375 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,328,240 644,900 683,340 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 1,575 770 805 12.8 13.0 12.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 154,490 74,275 80,215 11.6 11.5 11.7
Brazil 380 185 195 3.1 3.1 3.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,895 9,340 10,560 1.5 1.4 1.5
Colombia 380 170 210 3.1 2.9 3.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,455 5,090 6,365 0.9 0.8 0.9
Haiti 190 90 100 1.5 1.5 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,550 5,155 5,400 0.8 0.8 0.8
Jamaica 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,155 7,740 7,420 1.1 1.2 1.1
Mexico 120 70 55 1.0 1.2 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,150 8,405 8,745 1.3 1.3 1.3
United States of America 135 65 70 1.1 1.1 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,875 19,790 20,085 3.0 3.1 2.9
Venezuela95 50 20 25 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,060 2,980 4,075 0.5 0.5 0.6
Other places of birth in Americas 310 170 140 2.5 2.9 2.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,350 15,785 17,570 2.5 2.4 2.6
Europe 2,240 1,130 1,115 18.2 19.0 17.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 134,425 69,310 65,120 10.1 10.7 9.5
France 1,755 900 855 14.3 15.2 13.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,175 14,560 12,610 2.0 2.3 1.8
Germany 20 10 15 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,365 2,660 2,705 0.4 0.4 0.4
Ireland96 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,355 4,000 2,350 0.5 0.6 0.3
Italy 35 30 10 0.3 0.5 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,240 2,470 1,770 0.3 0.4 0.3
Russian Federation 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,905 4,335 6,570 0.8 0.7 1.0
Ukraine 95 30 65 0.8 0.5 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,515 6,570 7,945 1.1 1.0 1.2
United Kingdom87 25 25 0 0.2 0.4 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,755 13,550 9,200 1.7 2.1 1.3
Other places of birth in Europe 300 130 170 2.4 2.2 2.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,120 21,160 21,960 3.2 3.3 3.2
Africa 7,215 3,470 3,745 58.6 58.4 58.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 206,965 102,875 104,090 15.6 16.0 15.2
Algeria 360 175 185 2.9 2.9 2.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,745 7,530 8,220 1.2 1.2 1.2
Burundi 235 115 120 1.9 1.9 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,935 2,420 2,510 0.4 0.4 0.4
Cameroon 1,220 575 645 9.9 9.7 10.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,795 5,545 6,250 0.9 0.9 0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 540 220 325 4.4 3.7 5.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,915 4,200 4,720 0.7 0.7 0.7
Côte d'Ivoire 1,585 780 800 12.9 13.1 12.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,915 3,795 4,125 0.6 0.6 0.6
Egypt 25 10 15 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,120 6,285 5,835 0.9 1.0 0.9
Eritrea 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,330 8,755 7,575 1.2 1.4 1.1
Ethiopia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,385 4,415 4,970 0.7 0.7 0.7
Morocco 735 350 385 6.0 5.9 6.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,835 6,025 6,810 1.0 0.9 1.0
Nigeria 50 15 35 0.4 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,360 20,575 19,780 3.0 3.2 2.9
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,315 3,240 3,075 0.5 0.5 0.4
South Africa, Republic of 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,510 4,290 4,220 0.6 0.7 0.6
Sudan97 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,690 2,375 2,315 0.4 0.4 0.3
Tunisia 685 365 320 5.6 6.1 5.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,155 4,185 3,975 0.6 0.6 0.6
Other places of birth in Africa 1,755 855 905 14.3 14.4 14.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,960 19,250 19,715 2.9 3.0 2.9
Asia 1,275 565 705 10.4 9.5 11.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 823,205 393,110 430,090 62.0 61.0 62.9
Afghanistan 70 25 40 0.6 0.4 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,730 6,290 6,440 1.0 1.0 0.9
Bangladesh 30 15 10 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,185 6,670 6,515 1.0 1.0 1.0
China90 110 40 65 0.9 0.7 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 118,035 50,365 67,665 8.9 7.8 9.9
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,495 2,880 3,620 0.5 0.4 0.5
India 15 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 246,995 128,205 118,790 18.6 19.9 17.4
Iran88 90 35 50 0.7 0.6 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,650 12,310 13,340 1.9 1.9 2.0
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,715 8,835 8,875 1.3 1.4 1.3
Israel 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,850 2,565 2,290 0.4 0.4 0.3
Japan 25 0 15 0.2 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,445 1,035 3,410 0.3 0.2 0.5
Jordan 15 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,635 2,375 2,260 0.3 0.4 0.3
Korea, South92 15 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,985 8,790 12,200 1.6 1.4 1.8
Lebanon 40 20 20 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,980 5,120 4,860 0.8 0.8 0.7
Nepal 30 15 15 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,890 2,475 2,415 0.4 0.4 0.4
Pakistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,255 18,070 18,190 2.7 2.8 2.7
Philippines 110 50 60 0.9 0.8 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 151,490 66,720 84,765 11.4 10.3 12.4
Saudi Arabia 20 0 15 0.2 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,560 5,195 4,365 0.7 0.8 0.6
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,480 4,010 4,465 0.6 0.6 0.7
Syria89 405 210 195 3.3 3.5 3.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 63,130 32,725 30,410 4.8 5.1 4.5
Turkey 10 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,150 5,520 4,635 0.8 0.9 0.7
United Arab Emirates 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,405 4,325 4,085 0.6 0.7 0.6
Viet Nam 70 20 55 0.6 0.3 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,725 5,605 9,125 1.1 0.9 1.3
Other places of birth in Asia 195 85 115 1.6 1.4 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,410 13,035 17,375 2.3 2.0 2.5
Oceania and other93 15 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,160 5,335 3,825 0.7 0.8 0.6
Australia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,535 3,845 2,685 0.5 0.6 0.4
Other places of birth98 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,625 1,490 1,135 0.2 0.2 0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 533,540 261,755 271,785 100.0 100.0 100.0 635 300 330 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
First generation100 61,925 30,910 31,010 11.6 11.8 11.4 95 30 60 15.0 10.0 18.2 9,606,595 4,631,905 4,974,690 26.4 25.8 27.0
Second generation101 29,090 14,690 14,400 5.5 5.6 5.3 35 15 20 5.5 5.0 6.1 6,393,310 3,207,980 3,185,330 17.6 17.9 17.3
Third generation or more102 442,530 216,155 226,375 82.9 82.6 83.3 500 250 255 78.7 83.3 77.3 20,328,565 10,097,280 10,231,290 56.0 56.3 55.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 42,100 20,730 21,370 100.0 100.0 100.0 95 30 55 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Economic immigrants104 23,715 12,695 11,020 56.3 61.2 51.6 40 20 20 42.1 66.7 36.4 3,673,705 1,837,625 1,836,090 53.9 56.6 51.3
Principal applicants105 11,695 7,750 3,950 27.8 37.4 18.5 10 10 0 10.5 33.3 0.0 1,556,675 935,790 620,885 22.8 28.8 17.4
Secondary applicants106 12,020 4,950 7,075 28.6 23.9 33.1 35 10 20 36.8 33.3 36.4 2,117,030 901,835 1,215,200 31.0 27.8 34.0
Immigrants sponsored by family107 9,485 3,630 5,860 22.5 17.5 27.4 10 0 10 10.5 0.0 18.2 2,016,010 821,325 1,194,685 29.6 25.3 33.4
Refugees108 8,695 4,315 4,380 20.7 20.8 20.5 45 15 30 47.4 50.0 54.5 1,039,275 543,725 495,550 15.2 16.8 13.9
Other immigrants109 200 90 110 0.5 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91,900 42,145 49,755 1.3 1.3 1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 42,100 20,730 21,370 100.0 100.0 100.0 95 30 55 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asylum claim before admission111 980 560 425 2.3 2.7 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 416,105 222,895 193,205 6.1 6.9 5.4
Work permits only before admission112 3,565 1,845 1,720 8.5 8.9 8.0 20 10 10 21.1 33.3 18.2 705,405 324,370 381,035 10.3 10.0 10.7
Study permits only before admission113 1,520 725 795 3.6 3.5 3.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 183,250 92,135 91,110 2.7 2.8 2.5
Work and study permits before admission114 3,255 1,920 1,335 7.7 9.3 6.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 377,130 188,535 188,590 5.5 5.8 5.3
Other permits before admission115 230 100 120 0.5 0.5 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,540 15,685 23,855 0.6 0.5 0.7
No pre-admission experience116 32,555 15,575 16,980 77.3 75.1 79.5 65 25 45 68.4 83.3 81.8 5,099,470 2,401,190 2,698,280 74.8 74.0 75.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 533,540 261,755 271,785 100.0 100.0 100.0 630 300 330 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total visible minority population118 50,375 24,715 25,655 9.4 9.4 9.4 75 25 45 11.9 8.3 13.6 9,639,205 4,712,790 4,926,415 26.5 26.3 26.8
South Asian 1,610 870 740 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,571,400 1,324,120 1,247,275 7.1 7.4 6.8
Chinese 2,465 775 1,690 0.5 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,715,770 808,745 907,035 4.7 4.5 4.9
Black 21,955 10,995 10,955 4.1 4.2 4.0 65 25 40 10.3 8.3 12.1 1,547,870 754,100 793,765 4.3 4.2 4.3
Filipino 520 190 335 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 957,355 427,755 529,600 2.6 2.4 2.9
Arab 9,650 5,075 4,580 1.8 1.9 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 694,015 362,845 331,170 1.9 2.0 1.8
Latin American 8,585 4,155 4,430 1.6 1.6 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580,235 281,030 299,200 1.6 1.6 1.6
Southeast Asian 2,755 1,275 1,485 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390,340 184,120 206,220 1.1 1.0 1.1
West Asian 860 425 435 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360,495 181,795 178,695 1.0 1.0 1.0
Korean 210 120 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 218,140 101,855 116,285 0.6 0.6 0.6
Japanese 295 120 175 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98,890 42,315 56,575 0.3 0.2 0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 450 225 230 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 172,885 83,310 89,580 0.5 0.5 0.5
Multiple visible minorities 1,015 495 525 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 331,805 160,790 171,010 0.9 0.9 0.9
Not a visible minority120 483,165 237,040 246,125 90.6 90.6 90.6 560 275 285 88.9 91.7 86.4 26,689,275 13,224,375 13,464,900 73.5 73.7 73.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 533,540 261,760 271,785 100.0 100.0 100.0 635 300 330 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian 180,875 87,195 93,685 33.9 33.3 34.5 210 110 100 33.1 36.7 30.3 5,677,205 2,836,675 2,840,530 15.6 15.8 15.4
English 6,775 3,430 3,350 1.3 1.3 1.2 10 0 10 1.6 0.0 3.0 5,322,830 2,600,245 2,722,580 14.7 14.5 14.8
Irish 23,435 11,185 12,250 4.4 4.3 4.5 40 15 25 6.3 5.0 7.6 4,413,120 2,102,610 2,310,505 12.1 11.7 12.6
Scottish 8,710 4,260 4,455 1.6 1.6 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,392,200 2,131,620 2,260,580 12.1 11.9 12.3
French, n.o.s.122 147,175 74,020 73,155 27.6 28.3 26.9 225 125 105 35.4 41.7 31.8 3,985,945 1,964,695 2,021,250 11.0 11.0 11.0
German 6,010 2,860 3,150 1.1 1.1 1.2 10 0 10 1.6 0.0 3.0 2,955,695 1,449,465 1,506,230 8.1 8.1 8.2
Chinese 2,825 955 1,870 0.5 0.4 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,713,870 806,365 907,500 4.7 4.5 4.9
Italian 7,020 3,530 3,490 1.3 1.3 1.3 10 10 0 1.6 3.3 0.0 1,546,390 774,250 772,140 4.3 4.3 4.2
Indian (India) 720 400 320 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,347,715 691,535 656,185 3.7 3.9 3.6
Ukrainian 1,025 490 530 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,258,635 612,455 646,175 3.5 3.4 3.5
Dutch 600 285 310 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 988,585 489,045 499,545 2.7 2.7 2.7
Polish 1,690 855 840 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 982,820 472,290 510,525 2.7 2.6 2.8
Québécois 68,300 33,675 34,620 12.8 12.9 12.7 40 15 25 6.3 5.0 7.6 981,635 490,130 491,510 2.7 2.7 2.7
British Isles, n.o.s.123 1,245 610 635 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 938,950 462,420 476,530 2.6 2.6 2.6
Filipino 500 205 300 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 925,490 414,915 510,570 2.5 2.3 2.8
French Canadian 48,390 23,425 24,965 9.1 8.9 9.2 50 20 30 7.9 6.7 9.1 906,315 441,610 464,705 2.5 2.5 2.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 12,130 5,945 6,185 2.3 2.3 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 691,260 347,080 344,175 1.9 1.9 1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 8,280 3,580 4,710 1.6 1.4 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 632,340 304,220 328,120 1.7 1.7 1.8
Métis 2,270 1,025 1,245 0.4 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560,335 271,985 288,350 1.5 1.5 1.6
European, n.o.s.126 7,300 3,810 3,490 1.4 1.5 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 551,910 278,060 273,850 1.5 1.6 1.5
Russian 920 430 495 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 548,140 260,075 288,065 1.5 1.4 1.6
Norwegian 375 205 170 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 466,500 224,290 242,210 1.3 1.3 1.3
Welsh 125 50 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 455,720 216,490 239,230 1.3 1.2 1.3
Portuguese 1,985 975 1,010 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 448,305 222,770 225,535 1.2 1.2 1.2
American 2,140 1,050 1,090 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 353,495 172,240 181,255 1.0 1.0 1.0
Spanish 3,340 1,635 1,700 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 342,040 160,475 181,570 0.9 0.9 1.0
Swedish 185 115 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 334,505 156,840 177,665 0.9 0.9 1.0
Hungarian 410 185 225 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320,150 155,755 164,395 0.9 0.9 0.9
Acadian 5,820 2,715 3,110 1.1 1.0 1.1 20 0 10 3.1 0.0 3.0 305,170 145,500 159,675 0.8 0.8 0.9
Pakistani 50 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 303,260 154,435 148,825 0.8 0.9 0.8
African, n.o.s.127 4,355 2,225 2,130 0.8 0.9 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 301,955 148,335 153,625 0.8 0.8 0.8
Jewish 405 205 200 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 282,015 141,530 140,490 0.8 0.8 0.8
Punjabi 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 279,950 145,620 134,330 0.8 0.8 0.7
Vietnamese 1,535 755 780 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275,530 131,075 144,445 0.8 0.7 0.8
Arab, n.o.s.128 4,275 2,300 1,975 0.8 0.9 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 263,710 138,210 125,500 0.7 0.8 0.7
Greek 560 295 270 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 262,140 132,975 129,160 0.7 0.7 0.7
Jamaican 120 65 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 249,070 119,265 129,805 0.7 0.7 0.7
Asian, n.o.s.129 315 130 185 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 226,220 107,785 118,435 0.6 0.6 0.6
Cree, n.o.s.130 220 105 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 219,855 105,825 114,030 0.6 0.6 0.6
Korean 200 100 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 217,650 101,805 115,845 0.6 0.6 0.6
Romanian 955 450 500 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215,885 103,720 112,165 0.6 0.6 0.6
Lebanese 945 545 395 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210,605 107,990 102,615 0.6 0.6 0.6
Iranian 605 285 315 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200,465 100,790 99,675 0.6 0.6 0.5
Christian, n.i.e.131 4,380 2,190 2,195 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200,340 99,800 100,540 0.6 0.6 0.5
Danish 185 120 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 196,945 96,220 100,725 0.5 0.5 0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 1,495 695 795 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 194,840 94,035 100,810 0.5 0.5 0.5
Sikh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 194,640 101,255 93,385 0.5 0.6 0.5
Austrian 340 225 115 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 189,535 92,740 96,800 0.5 0.5 0.5
Belgian 2,970 1,450 1,525 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 182,175 90,150 92,030 0.5 0.5 0.5
Haitian 1,980 930 1,055 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 178,990 84,510 94,490 0.5 0.5 0.5
Hindu 100 60 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 166,160 87,665 78,495 0.5 0.5 0.4
Mexican 1,640 750 890 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155,495 77,435 78,055 0.4 0.4 0.4
Mennonite 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155,095 77,735 77,360 0.4 0.4 0.4
Swiss 1,315 675 640 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145,570 72,015 73,555 0.4 0.4 0.4
Finnish 145 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 144,055 69,270 74,785 0.4 0.4 0.4
Sri Lankan 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 132,410 65,175 67,240 0.4 0.4 0.4
Croatian 245 115 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130,820 64,915 65,905 0.4 0.4 0.4
Japanese 440 180 260 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 129,425 56,850 72,580 0.4 0.3 0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.133 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120,125 60,575 59,550 0.3 0.3 0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 1,120 485 640 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 111,605 53,700 57,905 0.3 0.3 0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.135 190 105 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110,735 54,730 56,005 0.3 0.3 0.3
Muslim 865 465 395 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,620 54,095 51,525 0.3 0.3 0.3
Egyptian 340 195 145 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,245 55,230 50,020 0.3 0.3 0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 960 440 520 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 104,765 51,375 53,395 0.3 0.3 0.3
Tamil 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 102,170 51,165 51,005 0.3 0.3 0.3
Icelandic 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 101,990 50,370 51,620 0.3 0.3 0.3
Colombian 3,705 1,795 1,905 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100,555 47,995 52,560 0.3 0.3 0.3
Moroccan 3,075 1,580 1,490 0.6 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 99,980 50,835 49,150 0.3 0.3 0.3
Czech 165 70 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98,925 47,495 51,430 0.3 0.3 0.3
Syrian 410 215 195 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98,250 49,385 48,865 0.3 0.3 0.3
Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,210 46,270 50,940 0.3 0.3 0.3
Afghan 175 95 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 96,810 48,255 48,550 0.3 0.3 0.3
Black, n.o.s.137 470 245 230 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 94,585 44,335 50,250 0.3 0.2 0.3
Serbian 270 140 130 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 93,360 46,945 46,410 0.3 0.3 0.3
Ojibway 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92,220 44,610 47,600 0.3 0.2 0.3
Newfoundlander 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91,670 45,665 46,005 0.3 0.3 0.3
Hong Konger 55 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81,680 39,485 42,195 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ontarian 265 140 130 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,555 39,675 40,880 0.2 0.2 0.2
Persian 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,340 41,415 38,925 0.2 0.2 0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 77,405 37,655 39,750 0.2 0.2 0.2
Turkish 215 120 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76,745 39,955 36,795 0.2 0.2 0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.138 290 140 155 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76,675 37,315 39,365 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bangladeshi 185 95 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75,425 39,085 36,335 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algerian 1,900 995 905 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73,770 38,035 35,740 0.2 0.2 0.2
Brazilian 1,885 925 955 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 71,755 34,670 37,085 0.2 0.2 0.2
Nigerian 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 69,540 34,680 34,860 0.2 0.2 0.2
Armenian 235 150 85 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68,850 34,105 34,745 0.2 0.2 0.2
Slovak 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68,210 33,475 34,740 0.2 0.2 0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 75 25 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 66,780 31,525 35,255 0.2 0.2 0.2
Somali 60 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65,555 31,555 33,995 0.2 0.2 0.2
Taiwanese 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,020 29,280 34,740 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iraqi 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,300 29,865 29,435 0.2 0.2 0.2
Salvadorean 365 190 180 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,280 29,150 30,130 0.2 0.2 0.2
African Caribbean 230 95 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,050 26,385 32,670 0.2 0.1 0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58,870 27,845 31,025 0.2 0.2 0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58,840 30,560 28,280 0.2 0.2 0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 275 140 135 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,195 25,715 31,475 0.2 0.1 0.2
Algonquin 850 420 425 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,070 27,025 29,040 0.2 0.2 0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.143 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,085 23,685 28,395 0.1 0.1 0.2
Lithuanian 100 50 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,040 24,510 27,530 0.1 0.1 0.1
South African 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,840 24,885 24,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Australian 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 46,765 24,165 22,595 0.1 0.1 0.1
Palestinian 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,905 23,930 21,975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chilean 535 265 270 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,685 22,520 23,165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Congolese 2,095 1,055 1,045 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,260 22,000 23,260 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nova Scotian 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44,720 21,700 23,025 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ethiopian 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,545 20,675 21,875 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 170 80 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,405 20,105 22,300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Peruvian 390 175 210 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,295 19,925 22,370 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yoruba 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,075 21,740 20,330 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cambodian (Khmer) 650 285 360 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,950 19,835 22,115 0.1 0.1 0.1
Berber 1,275 760 515 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,700 22,325 19,370 0.1 0.1 0.1
Albanian 305 155 155 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,620 21,050 20,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Maltese 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,670 20,210 20,455 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,440 19,500 19,940 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slovenian 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,595 18,785 19,815 0.1 0.1 0.1
Western European, n.o.s.145 640 365 280 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,520 18,935 19,585 0.1 0.1 0.1
New Brunswicker 285 155 135 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,670 18,235 19,435 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,970 19,580 17,385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Eritrean 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,290 18,185 18,110 0.1 0.1 0.1
African Canadian 120 55 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,395 17,140 18,250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Israeli 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,345 18,410 16,940 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mohawk 125 60 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,330 16,485 16,845 0.1 0.1 0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,135 15,355 17,775 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bulgarian 360 165 195 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,085 16,235 16,850 0.1 0.1 0.1
Albertan 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,575 16,525 16,055 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ghanaian 120 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,720 15,650 16,065 0.1 0.1 0.1
Barbadian 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,440 15,265 16,175 0.1 0.1 0.1
African American 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,430 15,700 15,730 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 95 40 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,565 14,635 15,930 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tunisian 2,930 1,525 1,405 0.5 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,465 16,585 13,875 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.148 120 75 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,220 15,225 14,995 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cuban 540 305 235 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,065 14,830 15,235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 390 210 185 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,490 14,320 14,170 0.1 0.1 0.1
Venezuelan 285 140 145 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,395 13,220 15,175 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 1,810 820 990 0.3 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,225 13,490 14,735 0.1 0.1 0.1
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,140 13,515 14,620 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bengali 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,675 13,830 12,850 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cameroonian 1,835 910 925 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,535 12,960 13,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Guatemalan 185 100 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,460 13,920 12,540 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 85 25 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,330 11,910 14,415 0.1 0.1 0.1
Laotian 235 115 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,875 12,500 13,375 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,575 11,860 13,715 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern Irish 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,200 12,495 12,710 0.1 0.1 0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.150 110 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,420 12,265 12,155 0.1 0.1 0.1
British Columbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,325 12,230 12,095 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ecuadorian 95 55 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,255 11,510 12,745 0.1 0.1 0.1
Franco Ontarian 150 90 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,110 11,540 12,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Argentinian 190 110 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,500 11,665 11,840 0.1 0.1 0.1
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,455 11,080 12,375 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kurdish 90 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,130 12,670 10,460 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,020 11,040 11,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
Jatt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,785 11,695 11,090 0.1 0.1 0.1
North American, n.o.s.151 360 230 130 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,785 11,680 11,105 0.1 0.1 0.1
Coptic 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,570 11,405 11,165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Thai 190 65 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,275 8,525 13,750 0.1 0.0 0.1
Dominican 295 145 150 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,125 10,615 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 255 120 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,975 11,215 10,765 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kabyle 530 280 250 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,565 10,595 9,975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assyrian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,685 9,730 9,955 0.1 0.1 0.1
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,305 9,890 9,415 0.1 0.1 0.1
Byelorussian 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,850 9,055 9,795 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dene, n.o.s.152 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,745 9,030 9,710 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,545 8,975 9,570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Abenaki 715 340 375 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,420 8,545 9,870 0.1 0.0 0.1
Moldovan 230 110 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,190 8,850 9,340 0.1 0.0 0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 465 235 225 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,955 8,625 9,330 0.0 0.0 0.1
New Zealander 35 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,755 9,275 8,470 0.0 0.1 0.0
Sudanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,485 8,825 8,665 0.0 0.0 0.0
Breton 1,315 665 645 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,465 8,710 8,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,315 7,300 10,020 0.0 0.0 0.1
Malaysian 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,050 7,935 9,115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plains Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,570 8,255 8,310 0.0 0.0 0.0
North African, n.o.s.155 440 230 210 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,315 8,565 7,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Huron (Wendat) 1,400 650 745 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,910 7,715 8,195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saskatchewanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,780 7,505 8,280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Buddhist 45 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,660 7,485 8,175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gaspesian 935 455 485 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,650 7,290 8,360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norman 1,170 570 600 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,340 8,155 7,190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 45 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,055 7,180 7,875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ivorian 2,230 1,115 1,115 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,010 7,255 7,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteaux 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,265 6,730 7,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 55 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,260 6,525 7,735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundian 950 445 500 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,110 6,810 7,295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrinya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,910 7,435 6,470 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nicaraguan 120 35 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,840 6,730 7,120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mauritian 120 70 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,755 7,020 6,730 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kenyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,565 6,510 7,055 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,525 6,610 6,915 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vincentian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,245 5,800 7,445 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordanian 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,225 7,055 6,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Manitoban 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,095 6,530 6,565 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cape Bretoner 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,065 6,175 6,885 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rwandan 815 370 450 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,890 6,150 6,740 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grenadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,890 5,965 6,930 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,490 6,580 5,910 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,115 6,080 6,035 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhalese 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,080 5,905 6,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mayan 125 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,710 5,980 5,730 0.0 0.0 0.0
Honduran 90 50 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,920 5,370 5,550 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cherokee 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,825 5,080 5,745 0.0 0.0 0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,750 5,130 5,620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Caribbean 35 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,490 4,710 5,775 0.0 0.0 0.0
Flemish 125 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,275 4,950 5,325 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Empire Loyalist 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,015 4,975 5,045 0.0 0.0 0.0
Senegalese 935 465 475 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,955 5,115 4,840 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,915 5,165 4,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sicilian 55 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,835 5,135 4,695 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,825 5,195 4,625 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,795 4,725 5,065 0.0 0.0 0.0
Goan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,700 4,710 4,990 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.158 495 225 275 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,455 4,705 4,755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,350 4,650 4,700 0.0 0.0 0.0
Zimbabwean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,165 4,435 4,725 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 260 115 145 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,150 4,385 4,760 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,090 4,240 4,850 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azorean 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,970 4,235 4,735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 275 165 110 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,400 4,270 4,125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamileke 770 410 365 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,315 4,220 4,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,310 3,765 4,545 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ugandan 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,285 3,910 4,375 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,255 4,425 3,830 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tanzanian 80 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,140 3,945 4,195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yemeni 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,115 3,995 4,130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central African 820 395 425 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,080 3,830 4,250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Libyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,945 4,265 3,680 0.0 0.0 0.0
Basque 280 180 95 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,745 4,030 3,710 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uruguayan 70 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,660 3,870 3,790 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan, n.o.s.159 280 140 145 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,640 3,835 3,805 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 145 80 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,635 3,690 3,950 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igorot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,535 3,305 4,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulani 485 255 225 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,480 3,865 3,620 0.0 0.0 0.0
Woodland Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,415 3,615 3,800 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guinean 355 205 150 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,390 3,700 3,695 0.0 0.0 0.0
St. Lucian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,285 3,340 3,945 0.0 0.0 0.0
Prince Edward Islander 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,225 3,355 3,875 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maliseet 370 180 185 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,220 3,515 3,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Beninese 395 225 170 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,810 3,630 3,180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,670 3,730 2,945 0.0 0.0 0.0
Roma 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,545 3,225 3,320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Costa Rican 35 30 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,500 3,265 3,230 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Nova Scotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,480 2,945 3,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy 500 215 280 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,255 3,085 3,170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,165 3,020 3,145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Singaporean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,060 2,755 3,305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karen 45 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,050 3,065 2,985 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,985 2,995 2,995 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tajik 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,980 2,965 3,015 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amhara 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,945 3,010 2,930 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paraguayan 65 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,925 2,855 3,075 0.0 0.0 0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 533,540 261,755 271,785 100.0 100.0 100.0 630 300 335 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0
Buddhist 1,565 695 875 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 356,975 157,435 199,540 1.0 0.9 1.1
Christian 349,320 163,960 185,355 65.5 62.6 68.2 480 220 260 76.2 73.3 77.6 19,373,325 9,131,320 10,242,005 53.3 50.9 55.7
Christian, n.o.s.162 30,145 15,025 15,115 5.6 5.7 5.6 55 25 30 8.7 8.3 9.0 2,760,760 1,319,760 1,440,995 7.6 7.4 7.8
Anabaptist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 144,145 70,095 74,050 0.4 0.4 0.4
Anglican 490 265 230 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,134,315 515,270 619,045 3.1 2.9 3.4
Baptist 1,060 500 560 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 436,940 200,325 236,615 1.2 1.1 1.3
Catholic 308,015 143,745 164,265 57.7 54.9 60.4 395 180 215 62.7 60.0 64.2 10,880,360 5,193,345 5,687,010 29.9 29.0 30.9
Christian Orthodox 1,975 945 1,030 0.4 0.4 0.4 30 20 15 4.8 6.7 4.5 623,010 301,055 321,955 1.7 1.7 1.8
Jehovah's Witness 975 425 550 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 137,255 59,505 77,750 0.4 0.3 0.4
Latter Day Saints 250 130 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 87,725 41,365 46,360 0.2 0.2 0.3
Lutheran 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 328,045 150,115 177,925 0.9 0.8 1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 105 65 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100,655 46,640 54,020 0.3 0.3 0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 1,820 775 1,045 0.3 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 399,025 180,870 218,155 1.1 1.0 1.2
Presbyterian 220 110 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 301,400 136,440 164,960 0.8 0.8 0.9
Reformed 125 60 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 79,870 39,250 40,620 0.2 0.2 0.2
United Church 200 90 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,214,185 531,740 682,445 3.3 3.0 3.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 3,860 1,765 2,095 0.7 0.7 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 745,650 345,540 400,110 2.1 1.9 2.2
Hindu 515 280 235 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 828,195 430,135 398,060 2.3 2.4 2.2
Jewish 305 175 125 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335,295 164,220 171,070 0.9 0.9 0.9
Muslim 17,490 9,035 8,455 3.3 3.5 3.1 10 0 10 1.6 0.0 3.0 1,775,715 904,205 871,510 4.9 5.0 4.7
Sikh 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 771,790 394,345 377,445 2.1 2.2 2.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 75 50 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,685 38,460 42,230 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions 1,355 690 665 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 229,015 97,645 131,370 0.6 0.5 0.7
No religion and secular perspectives 162,900 86,855 76,045 30.5 33.2 28.0 145 80 65 23.0 26.7 19.4 12,577,475 6,619,395 5,958,080 34.6 36.9 32.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 528,850 259,350 269,495 100.0 100.0 100.0 625 290 335 100.0 100.0 100.0 35,986,480 17,761,880 18,224,600 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 455,880 223,655 232,225 86.2 86.2 86.2 560 250 310 89.6 86.2 92.5 31,600,930 15,595,875 16,005,050 87.8 87.8 87.8
Movers 72,965 35,695 37,270 13.8 13.8 13.8 65 40 25 10.4 13.8 7.5 4,385,555 2,166,005 2,219,550 12.2 12.2 12.2
Non-migrants 56,090 27,500 28,590 10.6 10.6 10.6 50 35 20 8.0 12.1 6.0 2,572,400 1,270,395 1,302,005 7.1 7.2 7.1
Migrants 16,875 8,190 8,685 3.2 3.2 3.2 15 0 10 2.4 0.0 3.0 1,813,155 895,610 917,550 5.0 5.0 5.0
Internal migrants 13,180 6,440 6,735 2.5 2.5 2.5 15 0 10 2.4 0.0 3.0 1,519,200 748,025 771,180 4.2 4.2 4.2
Intraprovincial migrants 12,105 5,875 6,235 2.3 2.3 2.3 15 0 10 2.4 0.0 3.0 1,250,235 612,810 637,425 3.5 3.5 3.5
Interprovincial migrants 1,070 565 505 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 268,965 135,215 133,750 0.7 0.8 0.7
External migrants 3,700 1,745 1,950 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 293,955 147,585 146,370 0.8 0.8 0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 508,395 248,910 259,485 100.0 100.0 100.0 590 260 325 100.0 100.0 100.0 34,504,330 17,002,250 17,502,080 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 295,975 144,225 151,755 58.2 57.9 58.5 410 175 230 69.5 67.3 70.8 21,061,090 10,370,425 10,690,660 61.0 61.0 61.1
Movers 212,420 104,690 107,730 41.8 42.1 41.5 175 85 95 29.7 32.7 29.2 13,443,240 6,631,825 6,811,420 39.0 39.0 38.9
Non-migrants 131,975 65,165 66,805 26.0 26.2 25.7 140 75 65 23.7 28.8 20.0 5,773,890 2,840,425 2,933,460 16.7 16.7 16.8
Migrants 80,440 39,520 40,925 15.8 15.9 15.8 35 10 30 5.9 3.8 9.2 7,669,355 3,791,400 3,877,955 22.2 22.3 22.2
Internal migrants 60,965 29,735 31,230 12.0 11.9 12.0 30 10 25 5.1 3.8 7.7 5,976,960 2,932,205 3,044,755 17.3 17.2 17.4
Intraprovincial migrants 57,390 27,890 29,500 11.3 11.2 11.4 30 10 20 5.1 3.8 6.2 5,055,615 2,472,510 2,583,105 14.7 14.5 14.8
Interprovincial migrants 3,575 1,845 1,730 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 921,345 459,695 461,650 2.7 2.7 2.6
External migrants 19,475 9,780 9,695 3.8 3.9 3.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,692,390 859,195 833,200 4.9 5.1 4.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 452,690 220,490 232,200 100.0 100.0 100.0 515 215 290 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 64,995 34,045 30,950 14.4 15.4 13.3 65 25 35 12.6 11.6 12.1 5,474,175 2,907,175 2,567,000 18.0 19.6 16.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 387,700 186,445 201,255 85.6 84.6 86.7 445 195 260 86.4 90.7 89.7 24,861,745 11,954,065 12,907,675 82.0 80.4 83.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 284,285 142,355 141,935 100.0 100.0 100.0 245 105 145 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,265 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 25,775 15,650 10,125 9.1 11.0 7.1 15 0 0 6.1 0.0 0.0 2,271,360 1,309,215 962,140 11.6 13.6 9.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 258,510 126,710 131,800 90.9 89.0 92.9 230 100 135 93.9 95.2 93.1 17,296,905 8,311,120 8,985,780 88.4 86.4 90.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 452,695 220,490 232,205 100.0 100.0 100.0 510 220 295 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 56,890 28,300 28,595 12.6 12.8 12.3 50 25 30 9.8 11.4 10.2 4,899,580 2,534,175 2,365,395 16.2 17.1 15.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 91,440 42,730 48,710 20.2 19.4 21.0 100 35 70 19.6 15.9 23.7 8,097,295 4,022,790 4,074,505 26.7 27.1 26.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 304,365 149,460 154,900 67.2 67.8 66.7 355 155 200 69.6 70.5 67.8 17,339,045 8,304,275 9,034,770 57.2 55.9 58.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 172,260 86,970 85,290 38.1 39.4 36.7 160 85 75 31.4 38.6 25.4 9,252,800 4,623,985 4,628,815 30.5 31.1 29.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 64,890 39,635 25,250 14.3 18.0 10.9 40 15 20 7.8 6.8 6.8 2,641,555 1,811,500 830,055 8.7 12.2 5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 46,860 24,960 21,900 10.4 11.3 9.4 35 0 20 6.9 0.0 6.8 1,458,160 827,980 630,185 4.8 5.6 4.1
Apprenticeship certificate169 18,030 14,675 3,355 4.0 6.7 1.4 10 10 0 2.0 4.5 0.0 1,183,395 983,525 199,870 3.9 6.6 1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 89,650 40,360 49,290 19.8 18.3 21.2 70 45 25 13.7 20.5 8.5 5,714,490 2,439,925 3,274,560 18.8 16.4 21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 17,725 6,970 10,755 3.9 3.2 4.6 50 20 20 9.8 9.1 6.8 896,755 372,560 524,195 3.0 2.5 3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher 132,100 62,490 69,610 29.2 28.3 30.0 200 70 130 39.2 31.8 44.1 8,086,245 3,680,285 4,405,955 26.7 24.8 28.5
Bachelor's degree 78,325 36,160 42,165 17.3 16.4 18.2 125 30 95 24.5 13.6 32.2 5,295,360 2,339,045 2,956,315 17.5 15.7 19.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 10,600 4,715 5,880 2.3 2.1 2.5 10 0 0 2.0 0.0 0.0 556,510 243,200 313,310 1.8 1.6 2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 3,710 1,810 1,905 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 214,105 108,000 106,105 0.7 0.7 0.7
Master's degree 32,630 15,820 16,810 7.2 7.2 7.2 50 25 25 9.8 11.4 8.5 1,740,605 824,250 916,355 5.7 5.5 5.9
Earned doctorate171 6,830 3,990 2,840 1.5 1.8 1.2 20 10 10 3.9 4.5 3.4 279,660 165,795 113,870 0.9 1.1 0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 284,285 142,355 141,930 100.0 100.0 100.0 250 105 140 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,335 9,947,920 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 20,315 11,875 8,435 7.1 8.3 5.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,931,855 1,094,855 837,000 9.9 11.4 8.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 41,150 21,655 19,500 14.5 15.2 13.7 15 0 10 6.0 0.0 7.1 4,501,365 2,349,540 2,151,825 23.0 24.4 21.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 222,815 108,825 113,995 78.4 76.4 80.3 225 95 135 90.0 90.5 96.4 13,135,045 6,175,940 6,959,105 67.1 64.2 70.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 121,215 62,640 58,575 42.6 44.0 41.3 90 50 45 36.0 47.6 32.1 6,703,100 3,338,215 3,364,885 34.3 34.7 33.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 48,985 29,605 19,375 17.2 20.8 13.7 20 10 15 8.0 9.5 10.7 1,886,510 1,280,245 606,260 9.6 13.3 6.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 35,580 18,665 16,915 12.5 13.1 11.9 20 0 15 8.0 0.0 10.7 1,050,285 586,420 463,865 5.4 6.1 4.7
Apprenticeship certificate169 13,405 10,945 2,465 4.7 7.7 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 836,220 693,830 142,395 4.3 7.2 1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 61,150 28,370 32,775 21.5 19.9 23.1 60 40 20 24.0 38.1 14.3 4,193,505 1,796,935 2,396,575 21.4 18.7 24.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 11,080 4,655 6,420 3.9 3.3 4.5 10 0 10 4.0 0.0 7.1 623,090 261,035 362,050 3.2 2.7 3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher 101,600 46,180 55,420 35.7 32.4 39.0 130 40 90 52.0 38.1 64.3 6,431,940 2,837,720 3,594,215 32.9 29.5 36.1
Bachelor's degree 58,825 26,620 32,205 20.7 18.7 22.7 80 15 60 32.0 14.3 42.9 4,177,455 1,808,555 2,368,900 21.3 18.8 23.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 8,050 3,290 4,760 2.8 2.3 3.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 430,875 179,230 251,645 2.2 1.9 2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 2,705 1,070 1,635 1.0 0.8 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 167,730 75,120 92,615 0.9 0.8 0.9
Master's degree 26,705 12,310 14,400 9.4 8.6 10.1 35 15 20 14.0 14.3 14.3 1,446,435 659,295 787,145 7.4 6.9 7.9
Earned doctorate171 5,315 2,890 2,420 1.9 2.0 1.7 15 10 10 6.0 9.5 7.1 209,445 115,530 93,915 1.1 1.2 0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 452,695 220,490 232,205 100.0 100.0 100.0 510 220 295 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 148,330 71,030 77,305 32.8 32.2 33.3 155 60 95 30.4 27.3 32.2 12,996,870 6,556,970 6,439,900 42.8 44.1 41.6
Education 21,860 5,515 16,350 4.8 2.5 7.0 45 10 40 8.8 4.5 13.6 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 3.7 1.7 5.5
13. Education 21,860 5,515 16,350 4.8 2.5 7.0 45 10 40 8.8 4.5 13.6 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 3.7 1.7 5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 13,115 6,210 6,910 2.9 2.8 3.0 15 10 10 2.9 4.5 3.4 631,255 274,065 357,190 2.1 1.8 2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 2,660 1,810 845 0.6 0.8 0.4 10 10 0 2.0 4.5 0.0 74,785 53,390 21,395 0.2 0.4 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 10,465 4,400 6,060 2.3 2.0 2.6 10 0 10 2.0 0.0 3.4 556,470 220,680 335,790 1.8 1.5 2.2
Humanities 18,850 8,030 10,815 4.2 3.6 4.7 25 0 20 4.9 0.0 6.8 926,560 354,120 572,440 3.1 2.4 3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 2,905 780 2,130 0.6 0.4 0.9 10 0 10 2.0 0.0 3.4 106,345 23,460 82,885 0.4 0.2 0.5
23. English language and literature/letters 435 185 250 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 184,600 53,020 131,580 0.6 0.4 0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 8,750 4,055 4,695 1.9 1.8 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 316,050 119,215 196,830 1.0 0.8 1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 185 80 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,935 6,835 12,095 0.1 0.0 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 1,045 730 315 0.2 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,745 33,040 24,700 0.2 0.2 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 795 510 290 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 77,510 46,140 31,365 0.3 0.3 0.2
54. History 1,535 860 675 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 108,935 58,310 50,620 0.4 0.4 0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 3,190 835 2,355 0.7 0.4 1.0 10 0 10 2.0 0.0 3.4 56,440 14,090 42,345 0.2 0.1 0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law 33,660 12,625 21,035 7.4 5.7 9.1 40 0 35 7.8 0.0 11.9 2,016,125 670,770 1,345,360 6.6 4.5 8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 225 75 150 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29,430 7,065 22,365 0.1 0.0 0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 4,645 1,585 3,060 1.0 0.7 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 233,400 88,205 145,200 0.8 0.6 0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 5,360 720 4,640 1.2 0.3 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 344,150 27,905 316,240 1.1 0.2 2.0
22. Legal professions and studies 7,205 2,860 4,355 1.6 1.3 1.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325,785 115,335 210,445 1.1 0.8 1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 1,205 320 880 0.3 0.1 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,855 16,000 33,850 0.2 0.1 0.2
42. Psychology 4,815 1,235 3,580 1.1 0.6 1.5 15 0 10 2.9 0.0 3.4 327,965 79,295 248,665 1.1 0.5 1.6
45. Social sciences 10,205 5,830 4,375 2.3 2.6 1.9 10 0 10 2.0 0.0 3.4 705,540 336,960 368,580 2.3 2.3 2.4
Business, management and public administration 70,110 28,375 41,735 15.5 12.9 18.0 40 25 10 7.8 11.4 3.4 3,758,250 1,488,175 2,270,075 12.4 10.0 14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,335 1,705 3,630 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 5,280 1,380 3,900 1.2 0.6 1.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 272,240 55,995 216,245 0.9 0.4 1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 64,805 26,990 37,820 14.3 12.2 16.3 40 25 10 7.8 11.4 3.4 3,480,675 1,430,475 2,050,200 11.5 9.6 13.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies 13,765 7,460 6,300 3.0 3.4 2.7 10 10 0 2.0 4.5 0.0 719,715 353,540 366,175 2.4 2.4 2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 5,315 2,390 2,915 1.2 1.1 1.3 10 10 0 2.0 4.5 0.0 297,055 121,615 175,435 1.0 0.8 1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 1,375 810 565 0.3 0.4 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155,955 72,245 83,705 0.5 0.5 0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 3,100 1,610 1,490 0.7 0.7 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,380 14,950 20,430 0.1 0.1 0.1
40. Physical sciences 3,370 2,350 1,025 0.7 1.1 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 196,620 130,745 65,875 0.6 0.9 0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians 610 310 305 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34,710 13,985 20,730 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 17,365 12,495 4,870 3.8 5.7 2.1 20 20 0 3.9 9.1 0.0 804,230 531,435 272,795 2.7 3.6 1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 14,790 11,400 3,390 3.3 5.2 1.5 20 20 0 3.9 9.1 0.0 643,145 454,370 188,775 2.1 3.1 1.2
25. Library science 1,260 265 995 0.3 0.1 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,085 7,100 35,985 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 1,020 635 390 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 99,360 57,560 41,800 0.3 0.4 0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 300 200 95 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,640 12,400 6,240 0.1 0.1 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 51,760 46,300 5,465 11.4 21.0 2.4 55 45 10 10.8 20.5 3.4 3,506,120 3,131,220 374,900 11.6 21.1 2.4
04. Architecture and related services 2,655 1,550 1,105 0.6 0.7 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135,020 81,930 53,090 0.4 0.6 0.3
14. Engineering 11,240 9,330 1,905 2.5 4.2 0.8 25 15 10 4.9 6.8 3.4 900,475 723,080 177,395 3.0 4.9 1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 10,535 9,205 1,330 2.3 4.2 0.6 15 15 0 2.9 6.8 0.0 726,155 638,355 87,800 2.4 4.3 0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 50 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 190 390 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 11,945 11,440 505 2.6 5.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 703,905 683,060 20,845 2.3 4.6 0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 9,485 9,120 365 2.1 4.1 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 659,480 640,895 18,590 2.2 4.3 0.1
48. Precision production 5,865 5,635 225 1.3 2.6 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 380,505 363,710 16,795 1.3 2.4 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 6,350 3,700 2,655 1.4 1.7 1.1 10 10 0 2.0 4.5 0.0 407,545 234,360 173,175 1.3 1.6 1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 3,420 1,585 1,830 0.8 0.7 0.8 10 10 0 2.0 4.5 0.0 262,580 140,520 122,070 0.9 0.9 0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation 2,935 2,110 825 0.6 1.0 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 144,960 93,845 51,115 0.5 0.6 0.3
Health and related fields 38,300 8,130 30,170 8.5 3.7 13.0 80 0 75 15.7 0.0 25.4 2,444,500 485,615 1,958,885 8.1 3.3 12.7
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 2,140 1,175 965 0.5 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180,785 89,005 91,780 0.6 0.6 0.6
51. Health professions and related programs178 34,550 6,095 28,455 7.6 2.8 12.3 80 0 75 15.7 0.0 25.4 2,194,395 360,540 1,833,855 7.2 2.4 11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,255 1,425 3,825 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 1,585 855 735 0.4 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,030 34,630 29,400 0.2 0.2 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 18,985 10,565 8,420 4.2 4.8 3.6 20 10 10 3.9 4.5 3.4 1,006,425 520,970 485,455 3.3 3.5 3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 10,605 3,635 6,970 2.3 1.6 3.0 10 0 10 2.0 0.0 3.4 548,520 151,115 397,410 1.8 1.0 2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 60 60 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,965 3,520 445 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 120 120 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,900 6,210 690 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 3,630 2,600 1,035 0.8 1.2 0.4 10 10 0 2.0 4.5 0.0 227,835 160,930 66,905 0.8 1.1 0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving 4,560 4,155 405 1.0 1.9 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 219,205 199,190 20,010 0.7 1.3 0.1
Other179 230 55 175 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,305 1,640 3,665 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 284,285 142,355 141,935 100.0 100.0 100.0 245 105 145 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 61,470 33,530 27,935 21.6 23.6 19.7 20 10 0 8.2 9.5 0.0 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 32.9 35.8 30.0
Education 13,960 3,155 10,805 4.9 2.2 7.6 20 0 20 8.2 0.0 13.8 742,175 158,185 583,990 3.8 1.6 5.9
13. Education 13,960 3,155 10,805 4.9 2.2 7.6 20 0 20 8.2 0.0 13.8 742,175 158,185 583,990 3.8 1.6 5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 9,975 4,770 5,210 3.5 3.4 3.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 490,455 210,500 279,955 2.5 2.2 2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 2,010 1,365 635 0.7 1.0 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,645 38,170 16,475 0.3 0.4 0.2
50. Visual and performing arts 7,975 3,400 4,570 2.8 2.4 3.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 435,815 172,330 263,480 2.2 1.8 2.6
Humanities 11,065 4,685 6,380 3.9 3.3 4.5 15 0 15 6.1 0.0 10.3 649,695 241,235 408,465 3.3 2.5 4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 2,005 505 1,495 0.7 0.4 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 79,235 16,400 62,835 0.4 0.2 0.6
23. English language and literature/letters 290 115 175 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 134,815 37,610 97,210 0.7 0.4 1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 4,605 2,275 2,330 1.6 1.6 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 216,725 80,505 136,220 1.1 0.8 1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 120 45 75 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,910 4,540 8,370 0.1 0.0 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 660 460 205 0.2 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,640 23,645 17,990 0.2 0.2 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 370 265 100 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,920 29,245 19,675 0.2 0.3 0.2
54. History 970 550 425 0.3 0.4 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,415 40,800 37,615 0.4 0.4 0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 2,045 470 1,575 0.7 0.3 1.1 10 0 10 4.1 0.0 6.9 37,045 8,490 28,555 0.2 0.1 0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law 25,375 8,865 16,510 8.9 6.2 11.6 40 0 35 16.3 0.0 24.1 1,588,720 502,835 1,085,885 8.1 5.2 10.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 175 60 115 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,895 5,520 18,370 0.1 0.1 0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 3,795 1,280 2,515 1.3 0.9 1.8 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 196,475 72,125 124,350 1.0 0.7 1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 4,335 575 3,760 1.5 0.4 2.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270,970 20,095 250,875 1.4 0.2 2.5
22. Legal professions and studies 5,260 1,820 3,440 1.9 1.3 2.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 261,265 82,850 178,420 1.3 0.9 1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 880 255 620 0.3 0.2 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,830 12,160 25,670 0.2 0.1 0.3
42. Psychology 3,580 830 2,750 1.3 0.6 1.9 15 0 10 6.1 0.0 6.9 249,205 55,840 193,365 1.3 0.6 1.9
45. Social sciences 7,345 4,045 3,300 2.6 2.8 2.3 10 0 10 4.1 0.0 6.9 549,090 254,250 294,840 2.8 2.6 3.0
Business, management and public administration 52,790 20,570 32,220 18.6 14.4 22.7 10 0 10 4.1 0.0 6.9 2,941,315 1,140,050 1,801,260 15.0 11.9 18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,995 1,335 2,665 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 3,960 975 2,985 1.4 0.7 2.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 213,140 40,230 172,910 1.1 0.4 1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 48,810 19,590 29,225 17.2 13.8 20.6 10 0 10 4.1 0.0 6.9 2,724,175 1,098,490 1,625,685 13.9 11.4 16.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies 8,775 4,780 3,995 3.1 3.4 2.8 10 10 0 4.1 9.5 0.0 513,555 241,780 271,785 2.6 2.5 2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 4,335 1,940 2,395 1.5 1.4 1.7 10 10 0 4.1 9.5 0.0 227,460 90,390 137,075 1.2 0.9 1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 680 400 280 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 108,350 48,075 60,280 0.6 0.5 0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 720 460 265 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,270 5,690 8,580 0.1 0.1 0.1
40. Physical sciences 2,625 1,750 885 0.9 1.2 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140,510 88,540 51,970 0.7 0.9 0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians 405 230 180 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,960 9,090 13,870 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 14,675 10,750 3,925 5.2 7.6 2.8 20 20 0 8.2 19.0 0.0 667,305 445,970 221,330 3.4 4.6 2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 12,945 10,055 2,890 4.6 7.1 2.0 20 20 0 8.2 19.0 0.0 554,185 392,835 161,350 2.8 4.1 1.6
25. Library science 850 180 670 0.3 0.1 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,610 4,720 22,885 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 660 380 280 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70,940 39,000 31,940 0.4 0.4 0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 215 135 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,565 9,415 5,155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 39,135 34,455 4,680 13.8 24.2 3.3 40 30 10 16.3 28.6 6.9 2,611,205 2,292,785 318,420 13.3 23.8 3.2
04. Architecture and related services 2,050 1,120 930 0.7 0.8 0.7 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,845 61,230 44,605 0.5 0.6 0.4
14. Engineering 9,170 7,435 1,730 3.2 5.2 1.2 20 10 10 8.2 9.5 6.9 724,235 568,385 155,850 3.7 5.9 1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 7,740 6,665 1,070 2.7 4.7 0.8 10 10 0 4.1 9.5 0.0 536,600 464,510 72,090 2.7 4.8 0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 160 350 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 9,025 8,590 430 3.2 6.0 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510,105 493,000 17,100 2.6 5.1 0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 6,755 6,465 295 2.4 4.5 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 467,225 452,385 14,840 2.4 4.7 0.1
48. Precision production 4,370 4,160 205 1.5 2.9 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 266,690 253,110 13,585 1.4 2.6 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 4,890 2,700 2,190 1.7 1.9 1.5 10 10 0 4.1 9.5 0.0 314,120 170,440 143,680 1.6 1.8 1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 2,645 1,155 1,490 0.9 0.8 1.0 10 10 0 4.1 9.5 0.0 199,335 99,700 99,635 1.0 1.0 1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation 2,240 1,540 700 0.8 1.1 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 114,780 70,745 44,040 0.6 0.7 0.4
Health and related fields 27,135 5,935 21,195 9.5 4.2 14.9 45 0 45 18.4 0.0 31.0 1,839,975 371,180 1,468,795 9.4 3.9 14.8
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 1,620 835 785 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 139,280 67,885 71,385 0.7 0.7 0.7
51. Health professions and related programs178 24,380 4,630 19,750 8.6 3.3 13.9 45 0 45 18.4 0.0 31.0 1,648,120 279,090 1,369,030 8.4 2.9 13.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,430 945 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 1,115 465 645 0.4 0.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,115 23,255 24,860 0.2 0.2 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 14,840 8,105 6,735 5.2 5.7 4.7 10 10 0 4.1 9.5 0.0 772,450 399,835 372,615 3.9 4.2 3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 8,425 2,855 5,565 3.0 2.0 3.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 414,520 112,935 301,590 2.1 1.2 3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 35 35 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,955 2,575 375 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 70 60 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,850 3,415 435 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 2,750 1,910 840 1.0 1.3 0.6 10 10 0 4.1 9.5 0.0 183,025 128,295 54,725 0.9 1.3 0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving 3,570 3,245 325 1.3 2.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 168,105 152,620 15,485 0.9 1.6 0.2
Other179 200 55 145 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,075 1,150 2,930 0.0 0.0 0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 284,285 142,355 141,935 100.0 100.0 100.0 245 105 145 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 61,470 33,530 27,935 21.6 23.6 19.7 20 10 0 8.2 9.5 0.0 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 32.9 35.8 30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 222,820 108,825 113,990 78.4 76.4 80.3 225 90 135 91.8 85.7 93.1 13,135,040 6,175,940 6,959,100 67.1 64.2 70.0
Location of study inside Canada 201,525 97,750 103,780 70.9 68.7 73.1 205 80 125 83.7 76.2 86.2 10,490,520 4,926,390 5,564,130 53.6 51.2 55.9
Same as province or territory of residence 197,900 95,690 102,210 69.6 67.2 72.0 200 80 120 81.6 76.2 82.8 9,251,025 4,324,195 4,926,830 47.3 44.9 49.5
Different than province or territory of residence 3,630 2,060 1,570 1.3 1.4 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,239,495 602,195 637,300 6.3 6.3 6.4
Location of study outside Canada182 21,290 11,075 10,215 7.5 7.8 7.2 20 10 10 8.2 9.5 6.9 2,644,520 1,249,550 1,394,970 13.5 13.0 14.0
Americas 4,690 2,375 2,320 1.6 1.7 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 483,810 238,040 245,775 2.5 2.5 2.5
United States of America 765 455 310 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 279,005 143,575 135,435 1.4 1.5 1.4
Mexico 515 225 290 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,400 16,175 20,230 0.2 0.2 0.2
Cuba 200 100 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,345 4,275 4,070 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 180 80 95 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,620 5,645 4,970 0.1 0.1 0.0
Jamaica 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,780 6,110 6,670 0.1 0.1 0.1
Brazil 1,325 675 650 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,050 18,445 21,605 0.2 0.2 0.2
Colombia 1,085 535 545 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,165 13,875 17,295 0.2 0.1 0.2
Peru 110 50 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,780 3,025 4,750 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuela95 135 65 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,655 5,330 7,320 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other locations of study in Americas 390 185 200 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,000 21,575 23,425 0.2 0.2 0.2
Europe 8,710 4,785 3,920 3.1 3.4 2.8 20 10 10 8.2 9.5 6.9 543,725 281,205 262,520 2.8 2.9 2.6
Belgium 340 210 130 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,795 4,260 3,535 0.0 0.0 0.0
France 6,325 3,520 2,800 2.2 2.5 2.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,770 53,930 43,840 0.5 0.6 0.4
Germany 110 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,450 12,070 10,380 0.1 0.1 0.1
Netherlands 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,825 6,065 4,765 0.1 0.1 0.0
Switzerland 235 135 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,470 4,420 4,050 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungary 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,160 2,465 2,700 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldova183 110 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,055 4,165 4,890 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poland 60 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,215 11,115 14,100 0.1 0.1 0.1
Romania 180 90 90 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,250 16,190 16,060 0.2 0.2 0.2
Russian Federation 145 60 85 0.1 0.0 0.1 10 10 0 4.1 9.5 0.0 36,095 16,250 19,845 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ukraine 185 80 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,405 16,635 19,775 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ireland96 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,040 9,175 6,865 0.1 0.1 0.1
United Kingdom87 275 175 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 151,900 81,980 69,920 0.8 0.9 0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina 185 70 115 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,030 2,915 3,115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 100 85 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,895 5,055 3,840 0.0 0.1 0.0
Serbia86 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,745 4,470 4,280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Europe 370 200 170 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60,615 30,055 30,560 0.3 0.3 0.3
Africa 6,355 3,260 3,095 2.2 2.3 2.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 216,815 111,010 105,805 1.1 1.2 1.1
Nigeria 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,280 16,395 16,880 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algeria 830 395 440 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,230 17,020 16,210 0.2 0.2 0.2
Morocco 1,085 560 525 0.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,640 12,125 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tunisia 1,485 780 705 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,655 7,100 5,555 0.1 0.1 0.1
Egypt 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,255 15,145 15,115 0.2 0.2 0.2
South Africa, Republic of 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,060 9,900 9,160 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other locations of study in Africa 2,875 1,485 1,390 1.0 1.0 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,700 33,325 31,385 0.3 0.3 0.3
Asia 1,465 615 850 0.5 0.4 0.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,352,215 594,805 757,410 6.9 6.2 7.6
Iran88 295 135 160 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 66,630 30,180 36,450 0.3 0.3 0.4
Iraq 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,515 8,250 8,265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Israel 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,355 5,725 5,630 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lebanon 70 15 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,565 9,355 10,210 0.1 0.1 0.1
Syria89 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,405 7,885 8,520 0.1 0.1 0.1
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,855 6,595 5,260 0.1 0.1 0.1
China90 335 155 180 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 201,100 87,370 113,720 1.0 0.9 1.1
Taiwan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,520 4,750 9,770 0.1 0.0 0.1
Hong Kong91 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,325 7,445 10,875 0.1 0.1 0.1
Japan 60 0 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,605 5,280 13,325 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korea, South92 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,575 20,575 33,000 0.3 0.2 0.3
Philippines 175 60 125 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305,795 115,370 190,420 1.6 1.2 1.9
Viet Nam 65 15 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,500 4,490 8,005 0.1 0.0 0.1
Bangladesh 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,000 11,360 13,645 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,085 7,090 7,995 0.1 0.1 0.1
India 110 65 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 405,850 199,380 206,475 2.1 2.1 2.1
Pakistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75,155 35,055 40,100 0.4 0.4 0.4
Other locations of study in Asia 165 65 100 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,385 28,650 35,735 0.3 0.3 0.4
Oceania 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47,960 24,495 23,460 0.2 0.3 0.2
Australia 55 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,525 19,270 19,250 0.2 0.2 0.2
New Zealand 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,785 4,300 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,655 930 730 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 452,695 220,490 232,205 ... ... ... 510 220 295 ... ... ... 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 ... ... ...
In the labour force 293,655 151,170 142,485 ... ... ... 270 125 150 ... ... ... 19,310,345 10,056,270 9,254,070 ... ... ...
Employed 272,665 140,475 132,190 ... ... ... 240 115 125 ... ... ... 17,321,695 9,056,680 8,265,025 ... ... ...
Unemployed 20,990 10,695 10,295 ... ... ... 30 0 25 ... ... ... 1,988,645 999,600 989,045 ... ... ...
Not in the labour force 159,035 69,320 89,715 ... ... ... 240 95 145 ... ... ... 11,025,575 4,804,970 6,220,605 ... ... ...
Participation rate 64.9 68.6 61.4 64.9 68.6 61.4 52.9 56.8 50.8 52.9 56.8 50.8 63.7 67.7 59.8 63.7 67.7 59.8
Employment rate 60.2 63.7 56.9 60.2 63.7 56.9 47.1 52.3 42.4 47.1 52.3 42.4 57.1 60.9 53.4 57.1 60.9 53.4
Unemployment rate 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.2 11.1 0.0 16.7 11.1 0.0 16.7 10.3 9.9 10.7 10.3 9.9 10.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 452,695 220,490 232,205 100.0 100.0 100.0 510 220 295 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 100.0 100.0 100.0
Did not work186 152,255 66,115 86,145 33.6 30.0 37.1 220 75 150 43.1 34.1 50.8 11,140,775 4,889,605 6,251,170 36.7 32.9 40.4
Worked 300,435 154,375 146,060 66.4 70.0 62.9 290 145 145 56.9 65.9 49.2 19,195,145 9,971,640 9,223,500 63.3 67.1 59.6
Worked full year full time187 164,495 87,840 76,660 36.3 39.8 33.0 165 80 80 32.4 36.4 27.1 10,215,385 5,685,910 4,529,475 33.7 38.3 29.3
Worked part year and/or part time188 135,940 66,535 69,405 30.0 30.2 29.9 130 60 65 25.5 27.3 22.0 8,979,760 4,285,730 4,694,025 29.6 28.8 30.3
Average weeks worked in reference year 42.1 42.6 41.6 42.1 42.6 41.6 41.6 41.2 42.0 41.6 41.2 42.0 41.0 41.7 40.3 41.0 41.7 40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 293,660 151,170 142,490 100.0 100.0 100.0 275 125 150 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0
Class of worker - not applicable190 4,620 2,160 2,460 1.6 1.4 1.7 15 0 15 5.5 0.0 10.0 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7
All classes of workers191 289,040 149,015 140,030 98.4 98.6 98.3 260 125 135 94.5 100.0 90.0 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3
Employee 262,230 133,010 129,220 89.3 88.0 90.7 225 100 125 81.8 80.0 83.3 16,103,455 8,139,075 7,964,375 83.4 80.9 86.1
Permanent position 217,200 111,790 105,405 74.0 73.9 74.0 200 90 110 72.7 72.0 73.3 13,431,685 6,866,375 6,565,310 69.6 68.3 70.9
Temporary position 45,030 21,220 23,815 15.3 14.0 16.7 20 10 15 7.3 8.0 10.0 2,671,765 1,272,700 1,399,065 13.8 12.7 15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more) 17,975 7,995 9,980 6.1 5.3 7.0 10 0 10 3.6 0.0 6.7 867,740 386,965 480,775 4.5 3.8 5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 27,055 13,225 13,830 9.2 8.7 9.7 10 10 0 3.6 8.0 0.0 1,804,030 885,740 918,285 9.3 8.8 9.9
Self-employed192 26,810 16,000 10,815 9.1 10.6 7.6 35 20 15 12.7 16.0 10.0 2,720,025 1,679,250 1,040,780 14.1 16.7 11.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 293,660 151,170 142,490 100.0 100.0 100.0 275 125 150 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0
Occupation - not applicable190 4,620 2,160 2,460 1.6 1.4 1.7 15 0 15 5.5 0.0 10.0 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7
All occupations191 289,040 149,015 140,030 98.4 98.6 98.3 260 125 135 94.5 100.0 90.0 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 4,550 3,155 1,400 1.5 2.1 1.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 254,760 177,450 77,315 1.3 1.8 0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 57,590 20,305 37,290 19.6 13.4 26.2 60 15 45 21.8 12.0 30.0 3,303,180 1,062,425 2,240,755 17.1 10.6 24.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 33,185 24,885 8,300 11.3 16.5 5.8 45 35 10 16.4 28.0 6.7 1,587,980 1,199,390 388,595 8.2 11.9 4.2
3 Health occupations 27,435 6,325 21,115 9.3 4.2 14.8 30 0 20 10.9 0.0 13.3 1,504,100 298,960 1,205,135 7.8 3.0 13.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 42,380 15,055 27,320 14.4 10.0 19.2 60 15 40 21.8 12.0 26.7 2,322,345 752,280 1,570,075 12.0 7.5 17.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 10,240 5,255 4,980 3.5 3.5 3.5 10 10 10 3.6 8.0 6.7 596,785 275,420 321,360 3.1 2.7 3.5
6 Sales and service occupations 70,075 35,450 34,620 23.9 23.5 24.3 40 30 10 14.5 24.0 6.7 4,616,050 2,072,110 2,543,945 23.9 20.6 27.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 34,910 32,175 2,735 11.9 21.3 1.9 15 15 0 5.5 12.0 0.0 3,239,500 2,950,915 288,585 16.8 29.3 3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 1,835 1,460 375 0.6 1.0 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 541,235 416,960 124,270 2.8 4.1 1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 6,840 4,945 1,900 2.3 3.3 1.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 857,540 612,415 245,120 4.4 6.1 2.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 293,660 151,170 142,490 100.0 100.0 100.0 275 125 150 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0
Industry - not applicable190 4,620 2,160 2,460 1.6 1.4 1.7 15 0 15 5.5 0.0 10.0 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7
All industries191 289,040 149,015 140,030 98.4 98.6 98.3 260 125 135 94.5 100.0 90.0 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 1,325 745 585 0.5 0.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 434,800 295,160 139,640 2.3 2.9 1.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 545 455 90 0.2 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 239,030 195,605 43,425 1.2 1.9 0.5
22 Utilities 1,355 1,070 285 0.5 0.7 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 147,750 109,475 38,270 0.8 1.1 0.4
23 Construction 14,465 12,520 1,945 4.9 8.3 1.4 10 10 0 3.6 8.0 0.0 1,469,085 1,269,060 200,025 7.6 12.6 2.2
31-33 Manufacturing 17,005 12,255 4,750 5.8 8.1 3.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,540,490 1,095,160 445,330 8.0 10.9 4.8
41 Wholesale trade 7,745 5,785 1,960 2.6 3.8 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 610,295 406,960 203,335 3.2 4.0 2.2
44-45 Retail trade 32,945 16,625 16,320 11.2 11.0 11.5 20 10 0 7.3 8.0 0.0 2,149,640 1,027,160 1,122,480 11.1 10.2 12.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 10,475 8,380 2,095 3.6 5.5 1.5 15 0 10 5.5 0.0 6.7 981,030 742,515 238,515 5.1 7.4 2.6
51 Information and cultural industries 4,710 3,105 1,610 1.6 2.1 1.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400,460 237,940 162,520 2.1 2.4 1.8
52 Finance and insurance 13,925 6,395 7,535 4.7 4.2 5.3 10 10 0 3.6 8.0 0.0 815,225 358,145 457,080 4.2 3.6 4.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 4,260 2,505 1,755 1.5 1.7 1.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 343,940 186,230 157,710 1.8 1.9 1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 26,485 16,180 10,305 9.0 10.7 7.2 40 30 15 14.5 24.0 10.0 1,571,160 877,780 693,380 8.1 8.7 7.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises 300 160 145 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,455 21,495 23,955 0.2 0.2 0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 12,020 7,565 4,460 4.1 5.0 3.1 10 0 0 3.6 0.0 0.0 792,600 457,880 334,725 4.1 4.6 3.6
61 Educational services 23,225 8,030 15,195 7.9 5.3 10.7 30 0 25 10.9 0.0 16.7 1,413,320 436,645 976,670 7.3 4.3 10.6
62 Health care and social assistance 44,870 10,755 34,120 15.3 7.1 23.9 55 0 40 20.0 0.0 26.7 2,446,370 470,340 1,976,030 12.7 4.7 21.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 4,885 2,560 2,330 1.7 1.7 1.6 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350,710 180,205 170,500 1.8 1.8 1.8
72 Accommodation and food services 17,505 9,160 8,345 6.0 6.1 5.9 10 10 0 3.6 8.0 0.0 1,085,270 478,000 607,270 5.6 4.8 6.6
81 Other services (except public administration) 11,610 5,415 6,195 4.0 3.6 4.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 797,935 373,775 424,165 4.1 3.7 4.6
91 Public administration 39,380 19,355 20,025 13.4 12.8 14.1 45 25 25 16.4 20.0 16.7 1,188,915 598,780 590,135 6.2 6.0 6.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 315,715 162,155 153,555 100.0 100.0 100.0 300 155 145 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 3,370 1,975 1,400 1.1 1.2 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,942,170 7,807,315 7,134,855 72.4 73.0 71.8
French 259,740 128,735 131,000 82.3 79.4 85.3 255 125 130 85.0 80.6 89.7 3,164,890 1,592,470 1,572,420 15.3 14.9 15.8
Non-official language 355 185 170 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 169,205 89,515 79,685 0.8 0.8 0.8
Indigenous39 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,935 3,590 3,345 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 340 180 160 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 162,265 85,925 76,345 0.8 0.8 0.8
English and French 49,510 30,060 19,450 15.7 18.5 12.7 45 30 20 15.0 19.4 13.8 1,682,510 859,635 822,870 8.2 8.0 8.3
English and non-official language(s) 130 75 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 570,220 291,000 279,220 2.8 2.7 2.8
French and non-official language(s) 1,120 465 655 0.4 0.3 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,935 9,955 10,980 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 1,475 665 815 0.5 0.4 0.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 69,340 34,190 35,145 0.3 0.3 0.4
Multiple non-official languages 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,265 5,960 5,305 0.1 0.1 0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 315,715 162,155 153,555 100.0 100.0 100.0 300 155 145 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 309,415 158,325 151,090 98.0 97.6 98.4 285 140 140 95.0 90.3 96.6 20,176,640 10,458,830 9,717,810 97.8 97.8 97.8
Official languages 308,770 158,015 150,750 97.8 97.4 98.2 285 140 140 95.0 90.3 96.6 19,866,180 10,297,010 9,569,175 96.3 96.3 96.3
English 8,855 5,265 3,590 2.8 3.2 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,879,850 8,272,750 7,607,105 77.0 77.4 76.5
French 299,915 152,750 147,165 95.0 94.2 95.8 285 140 140 95.0 90.3 96.6 3,986,330 2,024,260 1,962,070 19.3 18.9 19.7
Non-official languages 650 315 335 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310,455 161,825 148,635 1.5 1.5 1.5
Indigenous languages39 30 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,435 9,725 9,710 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquian languages 30 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,600 6,020 5,575 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 30 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,115 4,715 4,400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015 585 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,985 3,170 2,815 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 65 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 110 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,695 2,500 2,205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 30 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 875 1,075 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 80 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 435 400 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 825 430 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,585 830 755 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 875 490 385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 340 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 610 295 320 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 895 410 480 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 410 475 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 535 255 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 70 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 75 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,630 3,200 3,425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,605 3,200 3,405 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 50 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 620 290 330 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 291,025 152,095 138,925 1.4 1.4 1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages 30 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,265 5,300 3,955 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 185 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 155 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 30 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,785 5,080 3,705 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 95 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,190 4,250 2,940 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 325 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 240 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 70 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 240 340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 165 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,770 4,135 5,635 0.0 0.0 0.1
Khmer (Cambodian) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 495 215 285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,260 3,905 5,350 0.0 0.0 0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,760 2,180 2,580 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 90 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,205 1,895 2,310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 185 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 375 170 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,010 1,410 1,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 140 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,685 1,255 1,425 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 405 195 205 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 112,395 64,055 48,335 0.5 0.6 0.5
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 315 170 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 295 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,085 4,390 5,695 0.0 0.0 0.1
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 15 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,995 4,375 5,620 0.0 0.0 0.1
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 55 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 60 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,265 1,000 1,265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,240 2,085 3,155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 485 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 80 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 95 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 310 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,265 620 650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,250 8,060 6,190 0.1 0.1 0.1
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,480 5,695 4,790 0.1 0.1 0.0
German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,615 3,655 2,970 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,560 1,405 1,150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 115 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,050 520 530 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,540 2,245 1,290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 965 515 440 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 420 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 1,275 670 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 100 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 875 445 430 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55,455 32,965 22,490 0.3 0.3 0.2
Indo-Aryan languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,020 28,910 19,100 0.2 0.3 0.2
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 290 355 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,115 515 600 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,235 1,145 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 125 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,840 25,480 15,365 0.2 0.2 0.2
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 80 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,725 1,265 1,465 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,430 4,045 3,385 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 145 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 70 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,110 3,825 3,285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 445 360 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,715 2,980 2,735 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 595 400 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 330 170 165 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,795 17,685 13,105 0.1 0.2 0.1
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,625 730 900 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,970 4,070 2,895 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 375 310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 295 155 145 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,455 12,465 8,990 0.1 0.1 0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,560 1,225 2,340 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,345 7,125 7,225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 210 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 95 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 20 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,010 795 1,210 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,590 620 970 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 110 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 128,375 64,180 64,190 0.6 0.6 0.6
Chinese languages 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 128,045 63,990 64,055 0.6 0.6 0.6
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76,040 37,760 38,280 0.4 0.4 0.4
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 210 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,950 25,725 25,225 0.2 0.2 0.3
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 240 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 175 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 40 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 85 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 80 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 310 450 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 275 395 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,345 695 650 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,270 660 615 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 215 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 25 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 6,300 3,830 2,465 2.0 2.4 1.6 15 10 0 5.0 6.5 0.0 453,880 231,205 222,675 2.2 2.2 2.2
English and French 5,820 3,610 2,210 1.8 2.2 1.4 10 10 0 3.3 6.5 0.0 321,975 163,305 158,675 1.6 1.5 1.6
English and non-official language(s) 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115,955 60,210 55,745 0.6 0.6 0.6
French and non-official language(s) 320 125 190 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,280 2,795 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 115 65 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,405 3,795 3,605 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,265 1,100 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 315,715 162,155 153,555 100.0 100.0 100.0 300 155 145 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 269,430 134,590 134,840 85.3 83.0 87.8 270 135 130 90.0 87.1 89.7 18,696,980 9,704,050 8,992,935 90.6 90.8 90.5
English 38,745 23,370 15,370 12.3 14.4 10.0 30 20 10 10.0 12.9 6.9 902,625 474,755 427,875 4.4 4.4 4.3
French 5,470 3,275 2,195 1.7 2.0 1.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 589,755 288,955 300,800 2.9 2.7 3.0
Non-official language 930 385 545 0.3 0.2 0.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 331,375 168,035 163,335 1.6 1.6 1.6
Indigenous39 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,190 7,740 10,450 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 895 375 515 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 313,185 160,295 152,885 1.5 1.5 1.5
English and French 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,940 1,445 1,495 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 880 405 470 0.3 0.2 0.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,125 15,680 17,445 0.2 0.1 0.2
French and non-official language(s) 175 75 95 0.1 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,615 11,475 11,135 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 210 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,740 25,425 25,315 0.2 0.2 0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 272,665 140,475 132,190 100.0 100.0 100.0 240 115 125 100.0 100.0 100.0 17,321,700 9,056,680 8,265,020 100.0 100.0 100.0
Worked at home 71,305 35,490 35,815 26.2 25.3 27.1 75 40 40 31.3 34.8 32.0 4,214,860 2,000,150 2,214,705 24.3 22.1 26.8
Worked outside Canada 450 325 125 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58,335 40,295 18,035 0.3 0.4 0.2
No fixed workplace address 25,050 18,640 6,405 9.2 13.3 4.8 20 15 0 8.3 13.0 0.0 2,201,745 1,660,325 541,415 12.7 18.3 6.6
Usual place of work 175,860 86,015 89,845 64.5 61.2 68.0 145 70 85 60.4 60.9 68.0 10,846,770 5,355,910 5,490,860 62.6 59.1 66.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 175,860 86,015 89,840 100.0 100.0 100.0 145 70 80 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,846,770 5,355,905 5,490,860 100.0 100.0 100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 153,905 72,085 81,825 87.5 83.8 91.1 130 60 75 89.7 85.7 93.8 6,397,120 2,970,205 3,426,915 59.0 55.5 62.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 6,390 3,755 2,635 3.6 4.4 2.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,343,640 1,185,830 1,157,810 21.6 22.1 21.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 15,300 9,985 5,305 8.7 11.6 5.9 15 10 10 10.3 14.3 12.5 2,007,950 1,139,665 868,285 18.5 21.3 15.8
Commute to a different province or territory 265 190 75 0.2 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98,060 60,210 37,850 0.9 1.1 0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 200,910 104,660 96,250 100.0 100.0 100.0 165 80 85 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0
Car, truck or van 157,975 84,910 73,070 78.6 81.1 75.9 140 75 65 84.8 93.8 76.5 10,950,750 6,060,925 4,889,825 83.9 86.4 81.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver 148,025 81,190 66,830 73.7 77.6 69.4 135 70 60 81.8 87.5 70.6 10,106,595 5,717,830 4,388,770 77.5 81.5 72.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 9,950 3,720 6,235 5.0 3.6 6.5 10 0 0 6.1 0.0 0.0 844,155 343,100 501,050 6.5 4.9 8.3
Public transit 21,765 9,120 12,650 10.8 8.7 13.1 10 0 10 6.1 0.0 11.8 1,000,510 422,270 578,235 7.7 6.0 9.6
Walked 15,185 6,930 8,255 7.6 6.6 8.6 15 0 10 9.1 0.0 11.8 672,815 296,610 376,205 5.2 4.2 6.2
Bicycle 2,835 1,990 845 1.4 1.9 0.9 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 138,615 92,195 46,415 1.1 1.3 0.8
Other method 3,145 1,710 1,435 1.6 1.6 1.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285,820 144,225 141,595 2.2 2.1 2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 200,910 104,660 96,250 100.0 100.0 100.0 165 80 85 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 15 minutes 65,060 31,855 33,205 32.4 30.4 34.5 80 35 50 48.5 43.8 58.8 4,178,570 1,993,385 2,185,185 32.0 28.4 36.2
15 to 29 minutes 96,435 51,700 44,735 48.0 49.4 46.5 55 30 25 33.3 37.5 29.4 4,546,195 2,418,910 2,127,285 34.8 34.5 35.3
30 to 44 minutes 26,865 14,450 12,410 13.4 13.8 12.9 15 10 0 9.1 12.5 0.0 2,487,010 1,462,340 1,024,670 19.1 20.8 17.0
45 to 59 minutes 7,325 3,635 3,690 3.6 3.5 3.8 10 0 0 6.1 0.0 0.0 910,610 542,485 368,125 7.0 7.7 6.1
60 minutes and over 5,225 3,015 2,205 2.6 2.9 2.3 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 926,120 599,115 327,005 7.1 8.5 5.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 200,910 104,660 96,250 100.0 100.0 100.0 165 80 85 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 8,920 6,555 2,370 4.4 6.3 2.5 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 938,820 701,960 236,865 7.2 10.0 3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 34,980 22,870 12,110 17.4 21.9 12.6 15 10 0 9.1 12.5 0.0 2,274,845 1,465,860 808,985 17.4 20.9 13.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 67,700 32,135 35,565 33.7 30.7 37.0 75 40 40 45.5 50.0 47.1 3,435,740 1,776,900 1,658,845 26.3 25.3 27.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 42,590 18,840 23,740 21.2 18.0 24.7 15 0 10 9.1 0.0 11.8 2,711,355 1,189,065 1,522,290 20.8 16.9 25.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 17,735 8,095 9,640 8.8 7.7 10.0 35 15 20 21.2 18.8 23.5 1,661,340 740,915 920,430 12.7 10.6 15.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 28,990 16,155 12,830 14.4 15.4 13.3 25 20 10 15.2 25.0 11.8 2,026,405 1,141,540 884,865 15.5 16.3 14.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 96,720 49,250 47,470 100.0 100.0 100.0 140 80 60 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,335,800 3,768,210 3,567,595 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 8,450 4,175 4,280 8.7 8.5 9.0 5 5 0 3.6 6.3 0.0 897,205 456,120 441,085 12.2 12.1 12.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 88,270 45,075 43,195 91.3 91.5 91.0 140 75 60 100.0 93.8 100.0 6,438,595 3,312,090 3,126,505 87.8 87.9 87.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 69,680 35,320 34,355 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 60 45 100.0 100.0 100.0 5,372,330 2,761,965 2,610,365 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 6,520 3,210 3,310 9.4 9.1 9.6 5 5 0 5.0 8.3 0.0 682,190 346,420 335,770 12.7 12.5 12.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 4,810 2,330 2,485 6.9 6.6 7.2 5 5 0 5.0 8.3 0.0 467,685 234,475 233,215 8.7 8.5 8.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 1,710 885 825 2.5 2.5 2.4 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 214,500 111,950 102,550 4.0 4.1 3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 63,155 32,105 31,050 90.6 90.9 90.4 90 50 40 90.0 83.3 88.9 4,690,140 2,415,545 2,274,595 87.3 87.5 87.1

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 7, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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