Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Cape Breton, Regional municipality (RGM)More information: Nova Scotia [Census subdivision] Remove						Nova ScotiaMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Rates			Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	93,694	...	...	...	...	...	969,383	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	94,285^r	...	...	...	...	...	923,598	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.6	...	...	- 0.6	...	...	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	46,471	...	...	...	...	...	476,007	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	42,316	...	...	...	...	...	428,228	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	38.7	...	...	38.7	...	...	18.4	...	...	18.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,419.70	...	...	...	...	...	52,824.71	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	93,695	44,885	48,810	100.0	100.0	100.0	969,380	471,730	497,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11,750	5,975	5,770	12.5	13.3	11.8	136,710	70,165	66,540	14.1	14.9	13.4
0 to 4 years	3,385	1,735	1,655	3.6	3.9	3.4	40,340	20,610	19,735	4.2	4.4	4.0
5 to 9 years	3,960	1,985	1,975	4.2	4.4	4.0	47,070	24,055	23,015	4.9	5.1	4.6
10 to 14 years	4,400	2,260	2,145	4.7	5.0	4.4	49,300	25,505	23,795	5.1	5.4	4.8
15 to 64 years	56,920	27,550	29,370	60.8	61.4	60.2	617,345	302,720	314,625	63.7	64.2	63.2
15 to 19 years	4,490	2,335	2,155	4.8	5.2	4.4	48,180	24,770	23,410	5.0	5.3	4.7
20 to 24 years	5,090	2,650	2,440	5.4	5.9	5.0	58,005	30,115	27,890	6.0	6.4	5.6
25 to 29 years	5,310	2,740	2,570	5.7	6.1	5.3	60,430	30,375	30,050	6.2	6.4	6.0
30 to 34 years	4,790	2,390	2,400	5.1	5.3	4.9	59,575	29,295	30,285	6.1	6.2	6.1
35 to 39 years	4,660	2,160	2,500	5.0	4.8	5.1	57,755	27,960	29,790	6.0	5.9	6.0
40 to 44 years	4,785	2,190	2,590	5.1	4.9	5.3	56,420	26,900	29,515	5.8	5.7	5.9
45 to 49 years	5,385	2,545	2,840	5.7	5.7	5.8	59,200	28,415	30,785	6.1	6.0	6.2
50 to 54 years	6,035	2,890	3,145	6.4	6.4	6.4	63,775	30,595	33,175	6.6	6.5	6.7
55 to 59 years	7,775	3,565	4,210	8.3	7.9	8.6	77,080	37,205	39,870	8.0	7.9	8.0
60 to 64 years	8,605	4,080	4,525	9.2	9.1	9.3	76,935	37,085	39,850	7.9	7.9	8.0
65 years and over	25,030	11,365	13,665	26.7	25.3	28.0	215,325	98,845	116,480	22.2	21.0	23.4
65 to 69 years	8,095	3,955	4,140	8.6	8.8	8.5	68,395	32,735	35,665	7.1	6.9	7.2
70 to 74 years	6,645	3,215	3,425	7.1	7.2	7.0	59,435	28,295	31,140	6.1	6.0	6.3
75 to 79 years	4,430	1,950	2,480	4.7	4.3	5.1	39,325	18,400	20,925	4.1	3.9	4.2
80 to 84 years	2,995	1,270	1,725	3.2	2.8	3.5	25,130	11,095	14,040	2.6	2.4	2.8
85 years and over	2,860	970	1,890	3.1	2.2	3.9	23,035	8,325	14,715	2.4	1.8	3.0
85 to 89 years	1,780	670	1,115	1.9	1.5	2.3	14,595	5,860	8,740	1.5	1.2	1.8
90 to 94 years	790	220	565	0.8	0.5	1.2	6,345	2,050	4,300	0.7	0.4	0.9
95 to 99 years	255	70	185	0.3	0.2	0.4	1,805	375	1,435	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	290	50	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.5	13.3	11.8	12.5	13.3	11.8	14.1	14.9	13.4	14.1	14.9	13.4
15 to 64 years	60.8	61.4	60.2	60.8	61.4	60.2	63.7	64.2	63.2	63.7	64.2	63.2
65 years and over	26.7	25.3	28.0	26.7	25.3	28.0	22.2	21.0	23.4	22.2	21.0	23.4
85 years and over	3.1	2.2	3.9	3.1	2.2	3.9	2.4	1.8	3.0	2.4	1.8	3.0
Average age of the population	46.9	45.7	48.1	46.9	45.7	48.1	44.2	43.2	45.2	44.2	43.2	45.2
Median age of the population	50.4	49.2	52.0	50.4	49.2	52.0	45.6	44.4	46.8	45.6	44.4	46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...	428,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	31,105	...	...	73.5	...	...	272,980	...	...	63.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,815	...	...	6.7	...	...	21,605	...	...	5.0	...	...
Row house	705	...	...	1.7	...	...	11,220	...	...	2.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,800	...	...	4.3	...	...	13,165	...	...	3.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,455	...	...	10.5	...	...	64,575	...	...	15.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	215	...	...	0.5	...	...	28,650	...	...	6.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	65	...	...	0.2	...	...	700	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,155	...	...	2.7	...	...	15,345	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...	428,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	14,055	...	...	33.2	...	...	131,850	...	...	30.8	...	...
2 persons	15,795	...	...	37.3	...	...	166,475	...	...	38.9	...	...
3 persons	6,430	...	...	15.2	...	...	61,700	...	...	14.4	...	...
4 persons	4,025	...	...	9.5	...	...	45,700	...	...	10.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,015	...	...	4.8	...	...	22,500	...	...	5.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	92,020	44,190	47,825	100.0	100.0	100.0	955,855	465,820	490,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	81,945	38,915	43,035	100.0	100.0	100.0	832,670	401,565	431,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	41,225	20,575	20,650	50.3	52.9	48.0	471,570	235,255	236,320	56.6	58.6	54.8
Married	33,870	16,905	16,965	41.3	43.4	39.4	372,690	185,900	186,785	44.8	46.3	43.3
Living common-law	7,350	3,670	3,680	9.0	9.4	8.6	98,885	49,350	49,530	11.9	12.3	11.5
Living common law - Never married	5,160	2,555	2,600	6.3	6.6	6.0	69,735	34,845	34,890	8.4	8.7	8.1
Living common law - Separated	405	200	205	0.5	0.5	0.5	5,510	2,835	2,670	0.7	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	1,530	805	725	1.9	2.1	1.7	20,870	10,580	10,285	2.5	2.6	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	255	105	150	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,765	1,090	1,675	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	40,725	18,340	22,390	49.7	47.1	52.0	361,105	166,315	194,785	43.4	41.4	45.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,080	13,215	11,865	30.6	34.0	27.6	230,425	122,570	107,850	27.7	30.5	25.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,100	1,295	1,800	3.8	3.3	4.2	25,025	10,930	14,095	3.0	2.7	3.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,530	2,180	3,345	6.7	5.6	7.8	52,000	20,725	31,275	6.2	5.2	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,025	1,645	5,375	8.6	4.2	12.5	53,655	12,090	41,565	6.4	3.0	9.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	27,065	...	...	100.0	...	...	280,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,405	...	...	60.6	...	...	166,340	...	...	59.3	...	...
3 persons	5,970	...	...	22.1	...	...	56,715	...	...	20.2	...	...
4 persons	3,390	...	...	12.5	...	...	41,255	...	...	14.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,300	...	...	4.8	...	...	16,030	...	...	5.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	27,065	...	...	100.0	...	...	280,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	20,130	...	...	74.4	...	...	231,690	...	...	82.6	...	...
Married couples	16,455	...	...	60.8	...	...	182,255	...	...	65.0	...	...
With children⁶	6,605	...	...	24.4	...	...	78,455	...	...	28.0	...	...
Without children	9,850	...	...	36.4	...	...	103,795	...	...	37.0	...	...
Common-law couples	3,680	...	...	13.6	...	...	49,435	...	...	17.6	...	...
With children⁶	1,490	...	...	5.5	...	...	17,320	...	...	6.2	...	...
Without children	2,185	...	...	8.1	...	...	32,120	...	...	11.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,935	...	...	25.6	...	...	48,645	...	...	17.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,580	...	...	20.6	...	...	38,280	...	...	13.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,355	...	...	5.0	...	...	10,370	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	92,020	44,190	47,830	100.0	100.0	100.0	955,855	465,820	490,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	71,170	34,485	36,680	77.3	78.0	76.7	753,775	371,150	382,630	78.9	79.7	78.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	40,260	20,110	20,155	43.8	45.5	42.1	463,385	231,305	232,080	48.5	49.7	47.4
Parents in one-parent families	6,940	1,360	5,580	7.5	3.1	11.7	48,645	10,365	38,275	5.1	2.2	7.8
Children⁶	23,970	13,020	10,950	26.0	29.5	22.9	241,745	129,475	112,270	25.3	27.8	22.9
In a two-parent family	13,415	7,195	6,220	14.6	16.3	13.0	167,950	89,310	78,640	17.6	19.2	16.0
In a one-parent family	10,555	5,825	4,730	11.5	13.2	9.9	73,800	40,170	33,630	7.7	8.6	6.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,845	9,700	11,145	22.7	22.0	23.3	202,080	94,675	107,405	21.1	20.3	21.9
Living alone	14,050	6,170	7,885	15.3	14.0	16.5	131,850	58,495	73,355	13.8	12.6	15.0
Living with other relatives⁷	2,580	1,110	1,475	2.8	2.5	3.1	20,715	8,710	12,005	2.2	1.9	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	4,215	2,430	1,790	4.6	5.5	3.7	49,515	27,470	22,050	5.2	5.9	4.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	42,320	...	...	100.0	...	...	428,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,895	...	...	56.5	...	...	253,030	...	...	59.1	...	...
Couple-family households	18,405	...	...	43.5	...	...	214,615	...	...	50.1	...	...
With children⁶	7,390	...	...	17.5	...	...	88,670	...	...	20.7	...	...
Without children	11,015	...	...	26.0	...	...	125,945	...	...	29.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,490	...	...	13.0	...	...	38,415	...	...	9.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,135	...	...	2.7	...	...	8,620	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	115	...	...	0.3	...	...	1,570	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,220	...	...	2.9	...	...	11,175	...	...	2.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,895	...	...	4.5	...	...	21,980	...	...	5.1	...	...
One-person households	14,050	...	...	33.2	...	...	131,850	...	...	30.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	80,275	38,215	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0	819,310	395,750	423,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,560	36,865	40,695	96.6	96.5	96.8	792,265	382,635	409,625	96.7	96.7	96.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	36,400	32,800	34,400	36,400	32,800	38,000	42,800	34,000	38,000	42,800	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,580	36,885	40,700	96.6	96.5	96.8	792,675	382,860	409,815	96.7	96.7	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	32,800	30,000	31,400	32,800	30,000	33,600	37,200	31,000	33,600	37,200	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,850	30,570	32,280	78.3	80.0	76.8	688,495	339,905	348,595	84.0	85.9	82.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,600	27,800	24,000	25,600	27,800	24,000	32,000	37,600	27,000	32,000	37,600	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,415	23,450	23,970	59.1	61.4	57.0	543,545	276,155	267,390	66.3	69.8	63.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,800	29,200	26,600	27,800	29,200	26,600	33,200	38,000	29,200	33,200	38,000	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,040	31,490	36,545	84.8	82.4	86.9	644,215	293,140	351,070	78.6	74.1	82.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,800	15,500	14,100	14,800	15,500	14,100	12,000	12,300	11,900	12,000	12,300	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,380	8,770	7,615	20.4	22.9	18.1	109,425	57,315	52,110	13.4	14.5	12.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,450	9,300	6,280	7,450	9,300	6,280	6,240	6,550	5,880	6,240	6,550	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,640	10,590	11,050	27.0	27.7	26.3	202,185	97,505	104,675	24.7	24.6	24.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	80,260	38,200	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0	819,315	395,805	423,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,600	36,925	40,680	96.7	96.7	96.7	792,355	382,420	409,930	96.7	96.6	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,160	46,000	38,640	42,160	46,000	38,640	47,480	53,850	41,560	47,480	53,850	41,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,620	36,940	40,680	96.7	96.7	96.7	792,780	382,655	410,125	96.8	96.7	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,840	38,320	33,600	35,840	38,320	33,600	39,160	43,360	35,240	39,160	43,360	35,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,010	30,730	32,280	78.5	80.4	76.8	689,525	339,995	349,530	84.2	85.9	82.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,880	39,880	32,080	35,880	39,880	32,080	43,120	50,080	36,320	43,120	50,080	36,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,425	23,445	23,975	59.1	61.4	57.0	543,575	276,135	267,445	66.3	69.8	63.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,800	41,120	34,520	37,800	41,120	34,520	43,120	48,800	37,280	43,120	48,800	37,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,115	31,605	36,505	84.9	82.7	86.8	643,520	292,110	351,415	78.5	73.8	83.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,820	14,980	14,680	14,820	14,980	14,680	12,260	12,160	12,350	12,260	12,160	12,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,380	8,750	7,625	20.4	22.9	18.1	109,585	57,200	52,385	13.4	14.5	12.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,560	10,690	8,270	9,560	10,690	8,270	7,850	8,340	7,300	7,850	8,340	7,300
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,525	10,355	11,170	26.8	27.1	26.6	201,560	96,700	104,860	24.6	24.4	24.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,170	8,830	9,490	9,170	8,830	9,490	8,910	8,790	9,010	8,910	8,790	9,010
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	80,260	38,205	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0	819,315	395,805	423,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,400	9,295	10,110	24.2	24.3	24.0	253,470	134,925	118,540	30.9	34.1	28.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	57,600	51,200	54,000	57,600	51,200	57,600	62,400	52,400	57,600	62,400	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,900	65,900	56,300	60,900	65,900	56,300	66,200	72,000	59,650	66,200	72,000	59,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,940	10,450	10,495	26.1	27.4	25.0	221,675	105,650	116,030	27.1	26.7	27.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	17,800	15,000	16,200	17,800	15,000	16,600	19,000	14,700	16,600	19,000	14,700
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	27,280	19,960	23,600	27,280	19,960	25,080	29,600	20,960	25,080	29,600	20,960
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	69.2	72.2	65.8	69.2	72.2	65.8	79.0	82.8	74.6	79.0	82.8	74.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	54.8	56.7	52.7	54.8	56.7	52.7	62.3	65.4	58.5	62.3	65.4	58.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	30.9	27.9	34.1	30.9	27.9	34.1	21.0	17.2	25.5	21.0	17.2	25.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.8	5.5	4.0	4.8	5.5	4.0	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.1	6.2	8.1	7.1	6.2	8.1	5.6	4.7	6.6	5.6	4.7	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.0	5.4	6.7	6.0	5.4	6.7	4.8	4.1	5.6	4.8	4.1	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	80,275	38,220	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0	819,310	395,755	423,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,710	1,350	1,365	3.4	3.5	3.2	27,050	13,115	13,935	3.3	3.3	3.3
With total income	77,560	36,865	40,690	96.6	96.5	96.8	792,265	382,635	409,630	96.7	96.7	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,045	2,760	3,280	7.8	7.5	8.1	65,365	28,385	36,980	8.3	7.4	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	10,725	4,360	6,365	13.8	11.8	15.6	102,030	40,305	61,730	12.9	10.5	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	16,380	7,490	8,885	21.1	20.3	21.8	140,270	60,610	79,660	17.7	15.8	19.4
$30,000 to $39,999	12,025	5,710	6,320	15.5	15.5	15.5	111,240	49,815	61,425	14.0	13.0	15.0
$40,000 to $49,999	9,770	4,445	5,325	12.6	12.1	13.1	96,235	44,300	51,940	12.1	11.6	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	6,930	3,275	3,655	8.9	8.9	9.0	72,270	36,525	35,745	9.1	9.5	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,645	2,480	2,165	6.0	6.7	5.3	52,910	29,860	23,050	6.7	7.8	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,135	1,800	1,335	4.0	4.9	3.3	40,055	23,620	16,435	5.1	6.2	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,335	1,220	1,115	3.0	3.3	2.7	32,100	18,350	13,755	4.1	4.8	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,925	920	1,000	2.5	2.5	2.5	23,205	13,035	10,175	2.9	3.4	2.5
$100,000 and over	3,650	2,405	1,240	4.7	6.5	3.0	56,580	37,845	18,735	7.1	9.9	4.6
$100,000 to $149,999	2,735	1,685	1,050	3.5	4.6	2.6	40,070	25,970	14,095	5.1	6.8	3.4
$150,000 and over	910	720	195	1.2	2.0	0.5	16,510	11,875	4,635	2.1	3.1	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	80,275	38,220	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0	819,310	395,755	423,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,690	1,335	1,360	3.4	3.5	3.2	26,635	12,890	13,745	3.3	3.3	3.2
With after-tax income	77,580	36,880	40,695	96.6	96.5	96.8	792,670	382,860	409,810	96.7	96.7	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,315	2,850	3,465	8.1	7.7	8.5	69,720	29,525	40,190	8.8	7.7	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	11,265	4,635	6,625	14.5	12.6	16.3	107,780	43,060	64,715	13.6	11.2	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	19,065	8,845	10,220	24.6	24.0	25.1	164,470	72,415	92,055	20.7	18.9	22.5
$30,000 to $39,999	14,245	6,835	7,415	18.4	18.5	18.2	136,500	62,655	73,845	17.2	16.4	18.0
$40,000 to $49,999	10,415	4,865	5,550	13.4	13.2	13.6	107,015	53,055	53,955	13.5	13.9	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	6,490	3,390	3,095	8.4	9.2	7.6	72,850	40,725	32,125	9.2	10.6	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	3,895	2,040	1,850	5.0	5.5	4.5	50,395	28,870	21,520	6.4	7.5	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	2,650	1,255	1,395	3.4	3.4	3.4	32,395	18,070	14,325	4.1	4.7	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,255	725	525	1.6	2.0	1.3	18,025	11,265	6,760	2.3	2.9	1.6
$90,000 to $99,999	675	440	230	0.9	1.2	0.6	10,385	6,855	3,535	1.3	1.8	0.9
$100,000 and over	1,315	990	320	1.7	2.7	0.8	23,150	16,360	6,785	2.9	4.3	1.7
$100,000 to $124,999	730	535	195	0.9	1.5	0.5	12,080	8,410	3,670	1.5	2.2	0.9
$125,000 and over	580	450	125	0.7	1.2	0.3	11,065	7,945	3,115	1.4	2.1	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	80,275	38,220	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0	819,310	395,755	423,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	32,855	14,765	18,085	40.9	38.6	43.0	275,765	119,595	156,170	33.7	30.2	36.9
With employment income	47,415	23,450	23,965	59.1	61.4	57.0	543,550	276,155	267,390	66.3	69.8	63.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,775	3,250	3,525	14.3	13.9	14.7	77,555	37,160	40,400	14.3	13.5	15.1
$5,000 to $9,999	4,325	2,010	2,320	9.1	8.6	9.7	45,840	20,175	25,660	8.4	7.3	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	7,840	3,880	3,965	16.5	16.5	16.5	71,750	32,760	38,985	13.2	11.9	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	5,940	2,795	3,145	12.5	11.9	13.1	58,530	27,440	31,095	10.8	9.9	11.6
$30,000 to $39,999	4,660	2,215	2,450	9.8	9.4	10.2	54,505	25,820	28,680	10.0	9.3	10.7
$40,000 to $49,999	4,410	1,920	2,490	9.3	8.2	10.4	51,660	24,210	27,450	9.5	8.8	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	3,215	1,640	1,575	6.8	7.0	6.6	40,920	22,085	18,835	7.5	8.0	7.0
$60,000 to $69,999	2,635	1,455	1,180	5.6	6.2	4.9	33,355	19,520	13,835	6.1	7.1	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,865	1,055	810	3.9	4.5	3.4	27,430	16,135	11,295	5.0	5.8	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	1,665	790	880	3.5	3.4	3.7	24,060	13,375	10,690	4.4	4.8	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,555	705	845	3.3	3.0	3.5	17,820	9,985	7,840	3.3	3.6	2.9
$100,000 and over	2,525	1,740	785	5.3	7.4	3.3	40,125	27,495	12,630	7.4	10.0	4.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,380	855	525	2.9	3.6	2.2	20,670	13,250	7,420	3.8	4.8	2.8
$125,000 and over	1,145	880	265	2.4	3.8	1.1	19,460	14,245	5,210	3.6	5.2	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	80,275	38,215	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0	819,310	395,750	423,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,925	35,950	39,980	94.6	94.1	95.1	776,185	373,815	402,365	94.7	94.5	95.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,000	29,400	32,400	36,000	29,400	35,600	41,600	30,800	35,600	41,600	30,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,965	35,955	40,020	94.6	94.1	95.2	777,055	373,920	403,140	94.8	94.5	95.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,600	32,000	27,400	29,600	32,000	27,400	31,800	36,400	28,200	31,800	36,400	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,740	30,460	32,275	78.2	79.7	76.7	684,380	337,255	347,120	83.5	85.2	82.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,200	30,200	24,800	27,200	30,200	24,800	32,800	38,800	27,400	32,800	38,800	27,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,565	23,905	24,660	60.5	62.6	58.6	549,215	278,025	271,190	67.0	70.3	64.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	32,000	27,000	29,400	32,000	27,000	33,600	38,800	29,000	33,600	38,800	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,825	28,610	34,215	78.3	74.9	81.4	573,480	253,385	320,090	70.0	64.0	75.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,400	12,200	10,900	11,400	12,200	10,900	8,600	8,800	8,400	8,600	8,800	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15,930	8,610	7,310	19.8	22.5	17.4	95,990	50,870	45,125	11.7	12.9	10.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	10,300	7,350	8,800	10,300	7,350	7,050	7,850	6,160	7,050	7,850	6,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	80,260	38,200	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0	819,315	395,805	423,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,140	36,120	40,020	94.9	94.6	95.2	776,340	373,615	402,725	94.8	94.4	95.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,360	45,280	35,880	40,360	45,280	35,880	45,640	53,150	38,680	45,640	53,150	38,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,170	36,125	40,045	94.9	94.6	95.2	777,120	373,720	403,405	94.8	94.4	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,160	37,480	31,120	34,160	37,480	31,120	37,520	42,640	32,760	37,520	42,640	32,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,810	30,500	32,315	78.3	79.8	76.8	684,995	337,060	347,935	83.6	85.2	82.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,960	42,040	32,120	36,960	42,040	32,120	43,720	51,650	36,040	43,720	51,650	36,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,575	23,845	24,725	60.5	62.4	58.8	549,145	277,905	271,245	67.0	70.2	64.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,520	43,240	33,920	38,520	43,240	33,920	43,520	50,240	36,600	43,520	50,240	36,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,845	28,715	34,130	78.3	75.2	81.2	573,240	252,615	320,625	70.0	63.8	75.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,970	12,310	11,680	11,970	12,310	11,680	9,580	9,670	9,500	9,580	9,670	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,850	8,505	7,350	19.7	22.3	17.5	96,890	51,150	45,745	11.8	12.9	10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,750	9,130	10,000	10,750	9,130	8,290	8,740	7,790	8,290	8,740	7,790
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	80,260	38,205	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0	819,315	395,805	423,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,315	9,240	10,080	24.1	24.2	24.0	251,785	133,965	117,825	30.7	33.8	27.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	54,800	46,000	50,400	54,800	46,000	53,600	59,600	48,000	53,600	59,600	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,100	62,350	52,300	57,100	62,350	52,300	62,500	69,000	55,050	62,500	69,000	55,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,750	9,930	9,825	24.6	26.0	23.4	209,605	99,920	109,690	25.6	25.2	25.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	22,400	18,400	20,200	22,400	18,400	20,600	24,400	18,200	20,600	24,400	18,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,400	34,920	23,820	29,400	34,920	23,820	30,840	37,480	24,760	30,840	37,480	24,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	75.6	78.4	72.2	75.6	78.4	72.2	84.6	87.6	80.4	84.6	87.6	80.4
Employment income (%)	60.9	63.1	58.4	60.9	63.1	58.4	67.4	70.4	63.7	67.4	70.4	63.7
Government transfers (%)	24.5	21.6	27.8	24.5	21.6	27.8	15.5	12.3	19.6	15.5	12.3	19.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	5.2	5.6	4.7	5.2	5.6	4.7	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	42,315	...	...	...	...	...	428,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...	55,600	...	...	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,050	...	...	...	...	...	131,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,000	...	...	31,000	...	...	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,000	...	...	29,000	...	...	32,400	...	...	32,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,260	...	...	...	...	...	296,380	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	42,315	...	...	...	...	...	428,230	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,300	...	...	77,300	...	...	87,900	...	...	87,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,800	...	...	65,800	...	...	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,050	...	...	...	...	...	131,820	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,040	...	...	39,040	...	...	45,240	...	...	45,240	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,680	...	...	33,680	...	...	37,760	...	...	37,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,270	...	...	...	...	...	296,405	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,300	...	...	96,300	...	...	106,800	...	...	106,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,700	...	...	81,700	...	...	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...	428,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	355	...	...	0.8	...	...	4,790	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	250	...	...	0.6	...	...	2,660	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,190	...	...	2.8	...	...	8,695	...	...	2.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	895	...	...	2.1	...	...	7,735	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,075	...	...	7.3	...	...	24,065	...	...	5.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,225	...	...	5.3	...	...	17,035	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,005	...	...	4.7	...	...	17,825	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,305	...	...	5.4	...	...	19,870	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,245	...	...	5.3	...	...	19,565	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,000	...	...	4.7	...	...	18,950	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,795	...	...	9.0	...	...	35,540	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,295	...	...	7.8	...	...	33,315	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,975	...	...	7.0	...	...	30,505	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,540	...	...	6.0	...	...	27,540	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,265	...	...	5.4	...	...	24,515	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,910	...	...	25.8	...	...	135,620	...	...	31.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,040	...	...	9.5	...	...	46,745	...	...	10.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,590	...	...	6.1	...	...	31,570	...	...	7.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,665	...	...	6.3	...	...	33,750	...	...	7.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,615	...	...	3.8	...	...	23,565	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...	428,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	390	...	...	0.9	...	...	5,335	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...	0.6	...	...	2,750	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,200	...	...	2.8	...	...	8,855	...	...	2.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	940	...	...	2.2	...	...	8,370	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,285	...	...	7.8	...	...	25,970	...	...	6.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,620	...	...	6.2	...	...	20,455	...	...	4.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,370	...	...	5.6	...	...	21,680	...	...	5.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,580	...	...	6.1	...	...	23,815	...	...	5.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,595	...	...	6.1	...	...	22,985	...	...	5.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,305	...	...	5.4	...	...	21,995	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,290	...	...	10.1	...	...	42,410	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,835	...	...	9.1	...	...	39,910	...	...	9.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,270	...	...	7.7	...	...	34,775	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,625	...	...	6.2	...	...	29,630	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,150	...	...	5.1	...	...	24,180	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,595	...	...	17.9	...	...	95,105	...	...	22.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,625	...	...	8.6	...	...	42,740	...	...	10.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,945	...	...	4.6	...	...	24,600	...	...	5.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,020	...	...	4.8	...	...	27,775	...	...	6.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,965	...	...	...	...	...	279,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,185	...	...	...	...	...	127,845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,350	...	...	...	...	...	97,300	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,410	...	...	...	...	...	45,215	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	57,600	...	...	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...	53,600	...	...	55,200	...	...	55,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,270	8,595	9,675	...	...	...	181,370	85,960	95,405	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,600	30,000	29,000	29,600	30,000	29,000	34,000	35,200	32,800	34,000	35,200	32,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,000	28,400	27,600	28,000	28,400	27,600	30,800	31,600	30,200	30,800	31,600	30,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,980	...	...	...	...	...	279,025	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,500	...	...	96,500	...	...	107,400	...	...	107,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,600	...	...	81,600	...	...	88,100	...	...	88,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,175	...	...	...	...	...	127,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,100	...	...	88,100	...	...	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,800	...	...	73,800	...	...	79,300	...	...	79,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,345	...	...	...	...	...	97,420	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,400	...	...	131,400	...	...	139,400	...	...	139,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	109,200	...	...	112,500	...	...	112,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,415	...	...	...	...	...	45,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,400	...	...	66,400	...	...	69,100	...	...	69,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,700	...	...	59,700	...	...	60,750	...	...	60,750	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,165	8,530	9,630	...	...	...	181,300	85,865	95,440	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,760	37,480	36,080	36,760	37,480	36,080	42,200	43,960	40,640	42,200	43,960	40,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,960	32,200	31,720	31,960	32,200	31,720	35,600	36,480	34,840	35,600	36,480	34,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	92,015	44,190	47,825	100.0	100.0	100.0	955,855	465,825	490,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,450	7,345	7,105	15.7	16.6	14.9	165,120	84,795	80,330	17.3	18.2	16.4
0 to 5 years	4,205	2,150	2,055	4.6	4.9	4.3	49,490	25,290	24,200	5.2	5.4	4.9
18 to 64 years	53,780	25,905	27,880	58.4	58.6	58.3	584,500	285,155	299,345	61.1	61.2	61.1
65 years and over	23,790	10,940	12,845	25.9	24.8	26.9	206,230	95,870	110,370	21.6	20.6	22.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,965	7,145	8,820	...	...	...	142,180	65,125	77,055	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,165	1,675	1,490	...	...	...	28,510	14,770	13,740	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,040	560	480	...	...	...	9,780	5,045	4,740	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,735	3,570	4,165	...	...	...	73,130	34,155	38,980	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,065	1,900	3,170	...	...	...	40,540	16,205	24,330	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.4	16.2	18.4	17.4	16.2	18.4	14.9	14.0	15.7	14.9	14.0	15.7
0 to 17 years (%)	21.9	22.8	21.0	21.9	22.8	21.0	17.3	17.4	17.1	17.3	17.4	17.1
0 to 5 years (%)	24.8	26.0	23.4	24.8	26.0	23.4	19.8	19.9	19.6	19.8	19.9	19.6
18 to 64 years (%)	14.4	13.8	14.9	14.4	13.8	14.9	12.5	12.0	13.0	12.5	12.0	13.0
65 years and over (%)	21.3	17.3	24.7	21.3	17.3	24.7	19.7	16.9	22.0	19.7	16.9	22.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	92,020	44,190	47,830	100.0	100.0	100.0	943,185	459,735	483,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,445	7,345	7,100	15.7	16.6	14.8	161,185	82,805	78,380	17.1	18.0	16.2
0 to 5 years	4,205	2,150	2,060	4.6	4.9	4.3	48,270	24,665	23,605	5.1	5.4	4.9
18 to 64 years	53,785	25,900	27,880	58.4	58.6	58.3	577,035	281,610	295,425	61.2	61.3	61.1
65 years and over	23,785	10,945	12,845	25.8	24.8	26.9	204,965	95,315	109,645	21.7	20.7	22.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,725	2,430	2,295	...	...	...	44,075	22,435	21,645	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	690	360	330	...	...	...	7,000	3,610	3,390	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	210	115	95	...	...	...	2,180	1,165	1,020	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,720	1,950	1,770	...	...	...	34,085	17,580	16,500	...	...	...
65 years and over	315	120	195	...	...	...	3,000	1,250	1,750	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.1	5.5	4.8	5.1	5.5	4.8	4.7	4.9	4.5	4.7	4.9	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	4.9	4.6	4.8	4.9	4.6	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.3
0 to 5 years (%)	5.0	5.3	4.7	5.0	5.3	4.7	4.5	4.7	4.3	4.5	4.7	4.3
18 to 64 years (%)	6.9	7.5	6.4	6.9	7.5	6.4	5.9	6.2	5.6	5.9	6.2	5.6
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.5	1.3	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	92,015	44,190	47,825	100.0	100.0	100.0	955,855	465,825	490,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	59,910	28,205	31,705	65.1	63.8	66.3	572,455	272,985	299,475	59.9	58.6	61.1
In bottom decile	13,840	6,420	7,415	15.0	14.5	15.5	125,755	58,940	66,810	13.2	12.7	13.6
In second decile	14,220	6,525	7,690	15.5	14.8	16.1	125,480	58,055	67,425	13.1	12.5	13.8
In third decile	11,825	5,605	6,215	12.9	12.7	13.0	113,675	54,280	59,395	11.9	11.7	12.1
In fourth decile	10,585	5,020	5,565	11.5	11.4	11.6	107,485	52,275	55,210	11.2	11.2	11.3
In fifth decile	9,445	4,625	4,820	10.3	10.5	10.1	100,065	49,435	50,630	10.5	10.6	10.3
In top half of the distribution	32,105	15,985	16,120	34.9	36.2	33.7	383,400	192,835	190,560	40.1	41.4	38.9
In sixth decile	8,820	4,275	4,545	9.6	9.7	9.5	94,675	47,270	47,410	9.9	10.1	9.7
In seventh decile	7,945	3,955	3,985	8.6	8.9	8.3	88,660	44,545	44,110	9.3	9.6	9.0
In eighth decile	6,560	3,285	3,280	7.1	7.4	6.9	80,810	40,600	40,215	8.5	8.7	8.2
In ninth decile	5,390	2,735	2,655	5.9	6.2	5.6	67,810	34,260	33,555	7.1	7.4	6.8
In top decile	3,390	1,730	1,655	3.7	3.9	3.5	51,445	26,165	25,280	5.4	5.6	5.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	92,020	...	...	92,020	...	...	955,855	...	...	955,855	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.315	...	...	0.315	...	...	0.327	...	...	0.327	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.496	...	...	0.496	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.456	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.273	...	...	0.273	...	...	0.282	...	...	0.282	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	92,280	44,270	48,010	100.0	100.0	100.0	958,990	467,355	491,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	88,160	42,545	45,620	95.5	96.1	95.0	856,200	422,260	433,945	89.3	90.4	88.3
French only	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	265	335	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	3,995	1,665	2,330	4.3	3.8	4.9	98,940	43,315	55,625	10.3	9.3	11.3
Neither English nor French	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,245	1,515	1,730	0.3	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	92,280	44,270	48,010	100.0	100.0	100.0	958,990	467,355	491,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	91,480	43,900	47,580	99.1	99.2	99.1	926,860	451,840	475,020	96.6	96.7	96.6
French	640	295	345	0.7	0.7	0.7	26,775	13,020	13,760	2.8	2.8	2.8
English and French	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,320	1,100	1,225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,030	1,395	1,630	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	92,280	44,270	48,010	100.0	100.0	100.0	958,990	467,355	491,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	91,430	43,820	47,610	99.1	99.0	99.2	941,105	458,730	482,375	98.1	98.2	98.1
Official languages	88,510	42,240	46,275	95.9	95.4	96.4	878,890	427,130	451,760	91.6	91.4	91.9
English	87,805	41,915	45,890	95.2	94.7	95.6	851,545	413,905	437,640	88.8	88.6	89.0
French	710	325	385	0.8	0.7	0.8	27,340	13,220	14,125	2.9	2.8	2.9
Non-official languages	2,920	1,585	1,335	3.2	3.6	2.8	62,220	31,605	30,615	6.5	6.8	6.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,230	1,525	1,705	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,175	1,500	1,675	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,145	1,480	1,660	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mi'kmaq	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,145	1,480	1,660	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,815	1,535	1,280	3.1	3.5	2.7	58,990	30,080	28,905	6.2	6.4	5.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,935	4,810	4,130	0.9	1.0	0.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	140	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,645	4,655	3,985	0.9	1.0	0.8
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,960	4,300	3,660	0.8	0.9	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	125	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	110	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	965	450	515	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	950	440	510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,885	1,625	2,265	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	85	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	175	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,240	1,380	1,865	0.3	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	440	285	155	0.5	0.6	0.3	3,385	1,975	1,410	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	400	270	130	0.4	0.6	0.3	1,975	1,185	790	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	295	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	750	445	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,440	785	655	1.6	1.8	1.4	28,150	14,700	13,450	2.9	3.1	2.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	165	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,030	1,870	2,160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,945	1,840	2,105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	870	405	465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,735	795	945	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	285	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	105	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	105	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	150	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.2	0.1	5,580	2,735	2,845	0.6	0.6	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,245	1,560	1,680	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,050	1,465	1,585	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	90	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,890	935	960	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	115	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,395	690	705	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	210	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	85	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	710	355	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,020	585	440	1.1	1.3	0.9	12,325	7,030	5,295	1.3	1.5	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	995	575	425	1.1	1.3	0.9	10,555	6,110	4,445	1.1	1.3	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0	890	515	380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,160	745	415	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	165	105	55	0.2	0.2	0.1	2,035	1,165	865	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	90	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	200	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	635	345	295	0.7	0.8	0.6	4,550	2,680	1,865	0.5	0.6	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	125	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	965	520	440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,760	910	845	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	110	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,435	735	700	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	85	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,135	590	550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,025	2,470	2,555	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0	730	405	320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,305	640	665	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	150	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,680	1,270	1,410	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	100	290	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,340	1,000	1,340	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,025	520	500	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	100	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	110	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	75	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	110	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	95	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	435	225	210	0.5	0.5	0.4	8,380	4,145	4,240	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese languages	435	225	210	0.5	0.5	0.4	8,350	4,125	4,225	0.9	0.9	0.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	375	195	175	0.4	0.4	0.4	6,730	3,335	3,395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,250	595	655	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	125	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	45	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	40	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	275	195	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	210	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	185	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	130	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	850	450	400	0.9	1.0	0.8	17,880	8,625	9,255	1.9	1.8	1.9
English and French	265	115	150	0.3	0.3	0.3	6,640	2,945	3,695	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	535	295	235	0.6	0.7	0.5	9,805	4,975	4,830	1.0	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	140	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	175	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	745	385	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	92,280	44,270	48,010	100.0	100.0	100.0	958,990	467,355	491,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	88,415	42,240	46,175	95.8	95.4	96.2	863,700	420,555	443,145	90.1	90.0	90.1
French	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2	9,795	4,680	5,120	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official language	800	445	360	0.9	1.0	0.7	17,340	8,855	8,490	1.8	1.9	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,125	540	580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	780	430	350	0.8	1.0	0.7	16,220	8,310	7,910	1.7	1.8	1.6
English and French	555	250	310	0.6	0.6	0.6	16,185	7,225	8,955	1.7	1.5	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	2,205	1,200	1,005	2.4	2.7	2.1	48,020	24,140	23,880	5.0	5.2	4.9
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	80	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,475	1,170	1,305	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,290	655	635	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	92,280	44,270	48,010	100.0	100.0	100.0	958,990	467,355	491,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	91,705	43,930	47,775	99.4	99.2	99.5	945,155	460,495	484,660	98.6	98.5	98.6
Official languages	90,020	42,990	47,025	97.6	97.1	97.9	908,700	441,805	466,895	94.8	94.5	95.0
English	89,820	42,900	46,920	97.3	96.9	97.7	896,020	435,780	460,240	93.4	93.2	93.6
French	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2	12,680	6,025	6,655	1.3	1.3	1.4
Non-official languages	1,685	940	750	1.8	2.1	1.6	36,450	18,690	17,760	3.8	4.0	3.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,065	995	1,070	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	2,050	990	1,060	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	2,045	995	1,055	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	2,045	990	1,055	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,640	915	725	1.8	2.1	1.5	34,385	17,690	16,695	3.6	3.8	3.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	5,575	2,855	2,715	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	105	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	5,365	2,750	2,615	0.6	0.6	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	4,940	2,530	2,410	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	75	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	665	320	350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	660	315	340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,125	1,025	1,100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,845	895	955	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	275	180	95	0.3	0.4	0.2	2,315	1,320	1,000	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	260	175	85	0.3	0.4	0.2	1,435	835	595	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	205	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	255	190	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	775	420	355	0.8	0.9	0.7	14,470	7,615	6,855	1.5	1.6	1.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,745	825	920	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,735	825	915	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,060	505	550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	115	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,540	740	800	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,020	495	525	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	970	470	500	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	215	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	120	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	670	380	290	0.7	0.9	0.6	8,375	4,660	3,710	0.9	1.0	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	650	365	280	0.7	0.8	0.6	7,160	4,050	3,105	0.7	0.9	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	305	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	410	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,210	695	515	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	155	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	470	265	205	0.5	0.6	0.4	3,510	2,060	1,450	0.4	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	595	305	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,210	605	610	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	990	490	500	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	790	395	400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1	2,360	1,175	1,175	0.2	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	380	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,305	650	650	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	40	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,810	815	1,005	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	175	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	190	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	150	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	315	175	140	0.3	0.4	0.3	6,085	3,100	2,990	0.6	0.7	0.6
Chinese languages	315	175	140	0.3	0.4	0.3	6,085	3,095	2,990	0.6	0.7	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	285	155	125	0.3	0.4	0.3	5,185	2,640	2,540	0.5	0.6	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	335	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	85	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	120	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	575	340	235	0.6	0.8	0.5	13,840	6,860	6,980	1.4	1.5	1.4
English and French	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,645	1,210	1,435	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	470	290	180	0.5	0.7	0.4	10,725	5,435	5,290	1.1	1.2	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	105	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	80	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	92,280	44,270	48,010	100.0	100.0	100.0	958,990	467,355	491,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	89,775	43,000	46,775	97.3	97.1	97.4	902,315	439,745	462,575	94.1	94.1	94.1
English	715	400	310	0.8	0.9	0.6	17,980	9,075	8,900	1.9	1.9	1.8
French	460	195	265	0.5	0.4	0.6	11,345	4,995	6,350	1.2	1.1	1.3
Non-official language	970	470	500	1.1	1.1	1.0	20,845	10,180	10,665	2.2	2.2	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,960	890	1,070	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	890	445	450	1.0	1.0	0.9	18,890	9,290	9,595	2.0	2.0	2.0
English and French	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	145	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	155	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1	2,420	1,305	1,110	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,285	605	680	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	160	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.1	2,415	1,265	1,150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	92,020	44,190	47,830	100.0	100.0	100.0	955,855	465,855	490,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	91,880	44,105	47,775	99.8	99.8	99.9	952,595	464,200	488,395	99.7	99.6	99.7
English	91,855	44,095	47,760	99.8	99.8	99.9	951,945	463,930	488,015	99.6	99.6	99.6
French	4,010	1,725	2,280	4.4	3.9	4.8	99,300	43,375	55,920	10.4	9.3	11.4
Non-official languages	4,370	2,360	2,010	4.7	5.3	4.2	93,440	46,815	46,625	9.8	10.0	9.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	230	120	110	0.2	0.3	0.2	5,930	2,720	3,210	0.6	0.6	0.7
Algonquian languages	230	120	110	0.2	0.3	0.2	5,780	2,665	3,120	0.6	0.6	0.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	25	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	225	115	110	0.2	0.3	0.2	5,660	2,615	3,035	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mi'kmaq	225	115	110	0.2	0.3	0.2	5,650	2,620	3,030	0.6	0.6	0.6
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,150	2,240	1,900	4.5	5.1	4.0	87,610	44,125	43,485	9.2	9.5	8.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	235	165	70	0.3	0.4	0.1	13,180	7,235	5,940	1.4	1.6	1.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	180	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	110	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	230	160	70	0.2	0.4	0.1	12,880	7,075	5,805	1.3	1.5	1.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	140	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	220	155	65	0.2	0.4	0.1	11,745	6,505	5,240	1.2	1.4	1.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	805	400	405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2	1,250	640	610	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2	1,230	625	605	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	295	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3	6,005	2,580	3,420	0.6	0.6	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	85	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	160	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	70	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	45	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	285	125	160	0.3	0.3	0.3	5,595	2,425	3,170	0.6	0.5	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	90	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	570	255	310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	35	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	75	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	615	375	240	0.7	0.8	0.5	5,060	2,935	2,120	0.5	0.6	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	200	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	535	340	195	0.6	0.8	0.4	2,705	1,575	1,130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	75	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,570	935	640	0.2	0.2	0.1
Telugu	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,265	740	520	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,270	1,270	1,000	2.5	2.9	2.1	45,840	23,400	22,440	4.8	5.0	4.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	495	245	250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2	5,595	2,735	2,860	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	75	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,465	2,685	2,780	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	175	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,105	515	590	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,790	1,420	1,370	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	920	450	465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	115	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	185	275	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	215	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	60	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	295	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,035	495	540	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	100	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	635	275	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	255	155	100	0.3	0.4	0.2	9,805	4,730	5,075	1.0	1.0	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	185	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,770	3,330	3,440	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1	6,665	3,290	3,375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	85	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0	2,765	1,320	1,445	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	240	215	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0	2,015	950	1,065	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	85	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0	730	355	380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	140	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	135	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	65	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,125	545	575	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,425	825	595	1.5	1.9	1.2	17,345	9,790	7,555	1.8	2.1	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	1,390	810	585	1.5	1.8	1.2	15,420	8,775	6,650	1.6	1.9	1.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,225	665	555	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	100	70	35	0.1	0.2	0.1	1,475	925	545	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	975	585	395	1.1	1.3	0.8	10,115	5,745	4,370	1.1	1.2	0.9
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	215	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	430	230	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	815	460	350	0.9	1.0	0.7	6,730	3,870	2,860	0.7	0.8	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	190	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,810	990	820	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	65	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1	2,125	1,130	995	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	180	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	125	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,570	830	745	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,280	680	600	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	325	160	165	0.4	0.4	0.3	12,180	5,695	6,485	1.3	1.2	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,120	1,050	1,065	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,770	900	870	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	145	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2	8,675	3,955	4,720	0.9	0.8	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,305	580	735	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,825	1,180	1,650	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,110	1,565	1,540	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	100	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	430	190	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	715	405	310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,045	505	535	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	495	280	210	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	210	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	40	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	175	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,765	660	1,105	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,505	530	975	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	140	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	490	260	235	0.5	0.6	0.5	9,850	4,920	4,930	1.0	1.1	1.0
Chinese languages	480	255	230	0.5	0.6	0.5	9,775	4,870	4,905	1.0	1.0	1.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	450	240	205	0.5	0.5	0.4	8,525	4,285	4,240	0.9	0.9	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,805	800	1,005	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	120	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	50	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	75	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	65	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	540	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	380	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	80	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	50	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	225	300	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	160	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	125	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	92,020	44,190	47,830	100.0	100.0	100.0	955,855	465,855	490,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,900	1,395	1,510	3.2	3.2	3.2	52,430	25,175	27,250	5.5	5.4	5.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,735	1,310	1,430	3.0	3.0	3.0	50,245	24,140	26,100	5.3	5.2	5.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,500	700	800	1.6	1.6	1.7	28,050	13,405	14,650	2.9	2.9	3.0
Métis	1,165	570	595	1.3	1.3	1.2	21,090	10,255	10,835	2.2	2.2	2.2
Inuk (Inuit)	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,100	485	620	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	885	435	445	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,300	600	705	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	89,120	42,800	46,320	96.8	96.9	96.8	903,430	440,680	462,750	94.5	94.6	94.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	92,020	44,190	47,830	100.0	100.0	100.0	955,855	465,855	490,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	880	445	435	1.0	1.0	0.9	18,450	8,810	9,640	1.9	1.9	2.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	91,135	43,745	47,390	99.0	99.0	99.1	937,405	457,045	480,360	98.1	98.1	98.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...	428,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,100	...	...	71.1	...	...	285,995	...	...	66.8	...	...
Renter	12,215	...	...	28.9	...	...	139,415	...	...	32.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	2,820	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...	428,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	560	...	...	1.3	...	...	16,130	...	...	3.8	...	...
Not condominium	41,755	...	...	98.7	...	...	412,095	...	...	96.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...	428,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	100	...	...	0.2	...	...	2,070	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	4,345	...	...	10.3	...	...	52,160	...	...	12.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,535	...	...	27.3	...	...	117,275	...	...	27.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,900	...	...	42.3	...	...	162,095	...	...	37.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,435	...	...	19.9	...	...	94,630	...	...	22.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...	428,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,905	...	...	21.0	...	...	106,425	...	...	24.9	...	...
5 rooms	7,555	...	...	17.9	...	...	68,795	...	...	16.1	...	...
6 rooms	7,915	...	...	18.7	...	...	68,430	...	...	16.0	...	...
7 rooms	6,380	...	...	15.1	...	...	58,805	...	...	13.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,560	...	...	27.3	...	...	125,765	...	...	29.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...	428,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	42,100	...	...	99.5	...	...	423,980	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	210	...	...	0.5	...	...	4,250	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...	428,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	40,820	...	...	96.5	...	...	413,020	...	...	96.4	...	...
Not suitable	1,490	...	...	3.5	...	...	15,210	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...	428,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	15,765	...	...	37.3	...	...	110,850	...	...	25.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,875	...	...	30.4	...	...	116,750	...	...	27.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,095	...	...	12.0	...	...	59,840	...	...	14.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,840	...	...	9.1	...	...	52,820	...	...	12.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,160	...	...	2.7	...	...	23,290	...	...	5.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,270	...	...	3.0	...	...	22,740	...	...	5.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,230	...	...	2.9	...	...	19,850	...	...	4.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,080	...	...	2.6	...	...	22,085	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...	428,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	38,385	...	...	90.7	...	...	393,015	...	...	91.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,925	...	...	9.3	...	...	35,215	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...	428,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,280	...	...	57.4	...	...	226,285	...	...	52.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,430	...	...	38.8	...	...	187,565	...	...	43.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,605	...	...	3.8	...	...	14,380	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...	428,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	945	...	...	2.2	...	...	14,490	...	...	3.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,190	...	...	9.9	...	...	56,105	...	...	13.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,170	...	...	12.2	...	...	62,340	...	...	14.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,395	...	...	15.1	...	...	70,065	...	...	16.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,500	...	...	22.5	...	...	89,710	...	...	20.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,405	...	...	22.2	...	...	78,645	...	...	18.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,970	...	...	11.7	...	...	42,555	...	...	9.9	...	...
85 years and over	1,730	...	...	4.1	...	...	14,330	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	42,230	...	...	100.0	...	...	421,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	35,415	...	...	83.9	...	...	346,445	...	...	82.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,815	...	...	16.1	...	...	75,475	...	...	17.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,265	...	...	14.8	...	...	66,865	...	...	15.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	42,310	...	...	100.0	...	...	428,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,070	...	...	26.2	...	...	114,325	...	...	26.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,835	...	...	13.8	...	...	65,710	...	...	15.3	...	...
Not suitable only	1,190	...	...	2.8	...	...	11,185	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,905	...	...	6.9	...	...	26,055	...	...	6.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	115	...	...	0.3	...	...	2,210	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	840	...	...	2.0	...	...	7,345	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	160	...	...	0.4	...	...	1,610	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...	200	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	31,245	...	...	73.8	...	...	313,900	...	...	73.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	41,675	...	...	100.0	...	...	413,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,515	...	...	8.4	...	...	41,465	...	...	10.0	...	...
Not in core need	38,165	...	...	91.6	...	...	371,845	...	...	90.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,045	...	...	...	...	...	283,280	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	46.4	...	...	46.4	...	...	54.3	...	...	54.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.6	...	...	9.6	...	...	9.7	...	...	9.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	710	...	...	710	...	...	870	...	...	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	891	...	...	891	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	160,000	...	...	160,000	...	...	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	183,600	...	...	183,600	...	...	295,600	...	...	295,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,215	...	...	...	...	...	138,920	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	24.2	...	...	24.2	...	...	11.3	...	...	11.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.2	...	...	32.2	...	...	34.7	...	...	34.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.9	...	...	18.9	...	...	20.7	...	...	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...	800	...	...	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	827	...	...	827	...	...	1,083	...	...	1,083	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...	2,820	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	184	...	...	184	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	245	...	...	245	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	92,015	44,185	47,825	100.0	100.0	100.0	955,860	465,855	490,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	995	480	510	1.1	1.1	1.1	21,315	10,085	11,230	2.2	2.2	2.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	985	480	505	1.1	1.1	1.1	20,960	9,940	11,025	2.2	2.1	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	750	360	395	0.8	0.8	0.8	16,710	7,915	8,790	1.7	1.7	1.8
Métis single ancestry	220	115	110	0.2	0.3	0.2	3,730	1,795	1,935	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	10	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	225	300	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	145	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	115	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,965	1,435	1,530	3.2	3.2	3.2	44,500	21,075	23,425	4.7	4.5	4.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,920	1,410	1,515	3.2	3.2	3.2	43,525	20,615	22,910	4.6	4.4	4.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,040	965	1,075	2.2	2.2	2.2	29,010	13,605	15,410	3.0	2.9	3.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	810	405	410	0.9	0.9	0.9	13,390	6,420	6,970	1.4	1.4	1.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,125	590	530	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	975	460	515	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	820	390	425	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	35	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	88,055	42,270	45,780	95.7	95.7	95.7	890,045	434,700	455,345	93.1	93.3	92.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	92,015	44,185	47,825	100.0	100.0	100.0	955,860	465,855	490,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	88,915	42,440	46,470	96.6	96.1	97.2	903,570	438,325	465,245	94.5	94.1	94.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,290	7,195	7,095	15.5	16.3	14.8	157,470	81,155	76,320	16.5	17.4	15.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,615	35,245	39,375	81.1	79.8	82.3	746,105	357,175	388,930	78.1	76.7	79.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,105	1,750	1,355	3.4	4.0	2.8	52,285	27,530	24,755	5.5	5.9	5.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	92,015	44,185	47,825	100.0	100.0	100.0	955,860	465,855	490,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	87,565	41,780	45,785	95.2	94.6	95.7	861,945	417,905	444,035	90.2	89.7	90.6
Immigrants⁸¹	2,120	1,060	1,055	2.3	2.4	2.2	71,565	35,430	36,140	7.5	7.6	7.4
Before 1980	770	360	410	0.8	0.8	0.9	16,790	8,030	8,760	1.8	1.7	1.8
1980 to 1990	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.1	5,465	2,635	2,825	0.6	0.6	0.6
1991 to 2000	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,685	3,255	3,430	0.7	0.7	0.7
2001 to 2010	355	160	200	0.4	0.4	0.4	12,375	6,140	6,230	1.3	1.3	1.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	680	390	295	0.7	0.9	0.6	30,255	15,370	14,890	3.2	3.3	3.0
2011 to 2015	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3	8,875	4,325	4,545	0.9	0.9	0.9
2016 to 2021	405	250	150	0.4	0.6	0.3	21,385	11,040	10,345	2.2	2.4	2.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,330	1,345	985	2.5	3.0	2.1	22,345	12,525	9,820	2.3	2.7	2.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,120	1,065	1,055	100.0	100.0	100.0	71,565	35,425	36,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	295	135	160	13.9	12.7	15.2	8,390	4,120	4,270	11.7	11.6	11.8
5 to 14 years	370	200	175	17.5	18.8	16.6	13,180	6,980	6,205	18.4	19.7	17.2
15 to 24 years	415	195	220	19.6	18.3	20.9	10,940	5,265	5,675	15.3	14.9	15.7
25 to 44 years	905	445	460	42.7	41.8	43.6	32,955	15,760	17,195	46.0	44.5	47.6
45 years and over	130	90	45	6.1	8.5	4.3	6,095	3,300	2,795	8.5	9.3	7.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,120	1,065	1,055	100.0	100.0	100.0	71,565	35,425	36,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	455	220	235	21.5	20.7	22.3	12,150	5,780	6,370	17.0	16.3	17.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	205	230	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombia	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9	270	125	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	110	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaica	25	20	0	1.2	1.9	0.0	760	395	365	1.1	1.1	1.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	185	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	10	10	0	0.5	0.9	0.0	290	155	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
United States of America	350	160	185	16.5	15.0	17.5	7,570	3,435	4,130	10.6	9.7	11.4
Other places of birth in Americas	40	25	20	1.9	2.3	1.9	1,960	1,045	915	2.7	2.9	2.5
Europe	740	365	375	34.9	34.3	35.5	23,295	11,615	11,685	32.6	32.8	32.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	130	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	110	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	260	220	0.7	0.7	0.6
Germany	90	35	55	4.2	3.3	5.2	2,370	1,165	1,210	3.3	3.3	3.3
Greece	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0	300	130	165	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hungary	15	10	0	0.7	0.9	0.0	215	105	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italy	35	20	10	1.7	1.9	0.9	490	280	205	0.7	0.8	0.6
Netherlands	50	40	10	2.4	3.8	0.9	1,465	795	670	2.0	2.2	1.9
Poland	25	0	20	1.2	0.0	1.9	765	340	425	1.1	1.0	1.2
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	135	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	135	175	0.4	0.4	0.5
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0	710	330	375	1.0	0.9	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	15	10	10	0.7	0.9	0.9	615	335	280	0.9	0.9	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	370	165	205	17.5	15.5	19.4	11,935	5,930	6,000	16.7	16.7	16.6
Other places of birth in Europe	115	60	50	5.4	5.6	4.7	2,745	1,355	1,385	3.8	3.8	3.8
Africa	205	120	85	9.7	11.3	8.1	6,575	3,545	3,035	9.2	10.0	8.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0	265	145	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
Egypt	35	30	10	1.7	2.8	0.9	970	525	450	1.4	1.5	1.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	85	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	160	115	0.4	0.5	0.3
Morocco	25	10	10	1.2	0.9	0.9	150	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	65	25	40	3.1	2.3	3.8	1,745	890	860	2.4	2.5	2.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	705	360	350	1.0	1.0	1.0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	35	15	2.6	3.3	1.4	2,135	1,175	965	3.0	3.3	2.7
Asia	700	340	355	33.0	31.9	33.6	28,940	14,155	14,785	40.4	40.0	40.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	35	15	20	1.7	1.4	1.9	1,045	530	510	1.5	1.5	1.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	235	200	0.6	0.7	0.6
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,565	880	685	2.2	2.5	1.9
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,415	1,265	1,155	3.4	3.6	3.2
Turkey	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0	315	180	135	0.4	0.5	0.4
China⁹⁰	120	60	60	5.7	5.6	5.7	4,320	1,995	2,330	6.0	5.6	6.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	145	205	0.5	0.4	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25	2.1	1.9	2.4	1,220	540	685	1.7	1.5	1.9
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9	180	75	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Philippines	205	95	110	9.7	8.9	10.4	4,760	2,040	2,715	6.7	5.8	7.5
Viet Nam	35	15	20	1.7	1.4	1.9	675	325	350	0.9	0.9	1.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	540	280	260	0.8	0.8	0.7
India	105	50	55	5.0	4.7	5.2	5,605	2,950	2,655	7.8	8.3	7.3
Pakistan	45	25	15	2.1	2.3	1.4	900	480	420	1.3	1.4	1.2
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	190	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	70	35	30	3.3	3.3	2.8	4,100	1,975	2,125	5.7	5.6	5.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	15	10	0.9	1.4	0.9	605	335	270	0.8	0.9	0.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	405	255	150	100.0	100.0	100.0	21,385	11,045	10,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	40	30	15	9.9	11.8	10.0	2,110	1,155	955	9.9	10.5	9.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	135	125	1.2	1.2	1.2
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	2.5	3.9	0.0	325	170	160	1.5	1.5	1.5
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	60	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
United States of America	25	10	10	6.2	3.9	6.7	880	475	400	4.1	4.3	3.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	280	210	2.3	2.5	2.0
Europe	65	50	15	16.0	19.6	10.0	2,145	1,205	945	10.0	10.9	9.1
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	105	80	0.9	1.0	0.8
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	10	4.9	3.9	6.7	115	70	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	100	105	1.0	0.9	1.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	145	120	1.2	1.3	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	25	0	6.2	9.8	0.0	735	455	275	3.4	4.1	2.7
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	530	260	270	2.5	2.4	2.6
Africa	55	25	25	13.6	9.8	16.7	3,395	1,830	1,570	15.9	16.6	15.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	85	75	0.7	0.8	0.7
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Egypt	20	15	10	4.9	5.9	6.7	375	215	160	1.8	1.9	1.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	45	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	30	10	15	7.4	3.9	10.0	1,440	705	735	6.7	6.4	7.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	65	30	0.4	0.6	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	115	110	1.0	1.0	1.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	110	50	0.7	1.0	0.5
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	350	270	2.9	3.2	2.6
Asia	240	145	95	59.3	56.9	63.3	13,620	6,770	6,850	63.7	61.3	66.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	185	165	1.6	1.7	1.6
China⁹⁰	45	25	20	11.1	9.8	13.3	2,045	985	1,055	9.6	8.9	10.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
India	55	40	15	13.6	15.7	10.0	3,665	1,915	1,755	17.1	17.3	17.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	105	115	1.0	1.0	1.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	30	65	0.4	0.3	0.6
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	80	100	0.8	0.7	1.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.3
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	85	0.8	0.8	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	240	340	2.7	2.2	3.3
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	95	80	0.8	0.9	0.8
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	220	150	1.7	2.0	1.5
Philippines	85	55	30	21.0	21.6	20.0	2,325	1,080	1,245	10.9	9.8	12.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	125	100	1.1	1.1	1.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,140	1,125	1,015	10.0	10.2	9.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	40	75	0.5	0.4	0.7
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	105	100	1.0	1.0	1.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	2.5	0.0	0.0	410	190	220	1.9	1.7	2.1
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	2.5	3.9	0.0	110	85	25	0.5	0.8	0.2
Australia	10	10	0	2.5	3.9	0.0	75	55	15	0.4	0.5	0.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	92,020	44,190	47,830	100.0	100.0	100.0	955,855	465,855	490,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,825	2,565	2,260	5.2	5.8	4.7	102,490	51,935	50,560	10.7	11.1	10.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,275	2,035	2,240	4.6	4.6	4.7	75,240	37,030	38,210	7.9	7.9	7.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	82,915	39,585	43,330	90.1	89.6	90.6	778,125	376,890	401,235	81.4	80.9	81.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,350	700	645	100.0	100.0	100.0	54,775	27,390	27,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	805	455	345	59.6	65.0	53.5	34,640	17,820	16,820	63.2	65.1	61.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	415	295	120	30.7	42.1	18.6	14,670	8,960	5,715	26.8	32.7	20.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	395	165	230	29.3	23.6	35.7	19,970	8,855	11,110	36.5	32.3	40.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	455	200	260	33.7	28.6	40.3	12,730	5,650	7,075	23.2	20.6	25.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	85	45	40	6.3	6.4	6.2	7,000	3,745	3,260	12.8	13.7	11.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	180	225	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,350	700	645	100.0	100.0	100.0	54,775	27,390	27,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	10	10	1.9	1.4	1.6	1,025	610	410	1.9	2.2	1.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	315	200	120	23.3	28.6	18.6	8,380	4,430	3,950	15.3	16.2	14.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	55	40	7.0	7.9	6.2	2,305	1,245	1,060	4.2	4.5	3.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	130	85	50	9.6	12.1	7.8	4,995	2,655	2,340	9.1	9.7	8.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	430	145	285	0.8	0.5	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	780	355	425	57.8	50.7	65.9	37,650	18,305	19,340	68.7	66.8	70.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	92,020	44,190	47,830	100.0	100.0	100.0	955,855	465,850	490,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,930	2,595	2,335	5.4	5.9	4.9	93,430	47,885	45,545	9.8	10.3	9.3
South Asian	1,985	1,135	845	2.2	2.6	1.8	21,655	12,310	9,345	2.3	2.6	1.9
Chinese	615	315	295	0.7	0.7	0.6	11,600	5,595	6,005	1.2	1.2	1.2
Black	1,250	620	630	1.4	1.4	1.3	28,220	14,040	14,180	3.0	3.0	2.9
Filipino	340	155	190	0.4	0.4	0.4	6,615	2,910	3,705	0.7	0.6	0.8
Arab	220	140	80	0.2	0.3	0.2	10,610	5,855	4,750	1.1	1.3	1.0
Latin American	80	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,915	1,440	1,470	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southeast Asian	140	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2	2,400	1,170	1,230	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,875	1,010	865	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,845	1,210	1,635	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	985	420	565	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	970	490	480	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,750	1,430	1,320	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	87,085	41,590	45,495	94.6	94.1	95.1	862,425	417,970	444,455	90.2	89.7	90.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	92,015	44,190	47,830	100.0	100.0	100.0	955,855	465,855	490,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,965	7,150	7,815	16.3	16.2	16.3	151,300	74,015	77,290	15.8	15.9	15.8
English	19,715	9,325	10,385	21.4	21.1	21.7	217,910	104,045	113,870	22.8	22.3	23.2
Irish	21,980	10,210	11,770	23.9	23.1	24.6	195,665	91,305	104,360	20.5	19.6	21.3
Scottish	36,110	17,025	19,085	39.2	38.5	39.9	257,205	122,970	134,230	26.9	26.4	27.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	13,350	6,285	7,055	14.5	14.2	14.8	113,635	54,010	59,630	11.9	11.6	12.2
German	2,965	1,395	1,565	3.2	3.2	3.3	86,860	41,315	45,540	9.1	8.9	9.3
Chinese	575	285	295	0.6	0.6	0.6	11,515	5,535	5,980	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italian	3,605	1,775	1,835	3.9	4.0	3.8	16,575	8,270	8,305	1.7	1.8	1.7
Indian (India)	1,295	705	590	1.4	1.6	1.2	14,310	7,975	6,335	1.5	1.7	1.3
Ukrainian	1,340	675	665	1.5	1.5	1.4	9,630	4,575	5,055	1.0	1.0	1.0
Dutch	1,115	510	600	1.2	1.2	1.3	27,375	12,940	14,440	2.9	2.8	2.9
Polish	2,245	1,195	1,055	2.4	2.7	2.2	11,295	5,685	5,610	1.2	1.2	1.1
Québécois	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,815	915	900	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,285	630	650	1.4	1.4	1.4	32,185	15,630	16,555	3.4	3.4	3.4
Filipino	285	125	160	0.3	0.3	0.3	5,790	2,535	3,255	0.6	0.5	0.7
French Canadian	285	125	160	0.3	0.3	0.3	6,065	2,810	3,250	0.6	0.6	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,875	2,260	2,610	5.3	5.1	5.5	57,655	27,830	29,825	6.0	6.0	6.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	990	485	505	1.1	1.1	1.1	13,635	6,455	7,175	1.4	1.4	1.5
Métis	1,080	535	545	1.2	1.2	1.1	18,310	8,760	9,545	1.9	1.9	1.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,635	1,305	1,325	2.9	3.0	2.8	45,180	22,400	22,780	4.7	4.8	4.6
Russian	235	125	115	0.3	0.3	0.2	4,490	2,105	2,385	0.5	0.5	0.5
Norwegian	385	155	230	0.4	0.4	0.5	6,010	2,775	3,235	0.6	0.6	0.7
Welsh	1,550	690	865	1.7	1.6	1.8	18,140	8,525	9,615	1.9	1.8	2.0
Portuguese	145	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2	2,990	1,430	1,565	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	255	115	145	0.3	0.3	0.3	6,880	3,375	3,500	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	360	160	195	0.4	0.4	0.4	4,015	1,840	2,180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swedish	285	95	190	0.3	0.2	0.4	4,065	1,720	2,345	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hungarian	405	210	185	0.4	0.5	0.4	2,985	1,450	1,540	0.3	0.3	0.3
Acadian	2,210	1,020	1,190	2.4	2.3	2.5	49,205	22,790	26,410	5.1	4.9	5.4
Pakistani	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,285	665	615	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	345	200	145	0.4	0.5	0.3	8,335	4,160	4,180	0.9	0.9	0.9
Jewish	180	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1	3,655	1,800	1,855	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	255	180	80	0.3	0.4	0.2	1,715	965	750	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,375	720	655	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0	3,445	1,805	1,645	0.4	0.4	0.3
Greek	280	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.3	3,175	1,630	1,550	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,860	990	875	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	295	180	120	0.3	0.4	0.3	3,115	1,495	1,620	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,320	550	770	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,545	1,075	1,470	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	130	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1	1,270	605	670	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	895	495	400	1.0	1.1	0.8	7,285	3,745	3,535	0.8	0.8	0.7
Iranian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,205	615	590	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	300	130	170	0.3	0.3	0.4	2,460	1,195	1,260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	200	65	135	0.2	0.1	0.3	3,730	1,770	1,960	0.4	0.4	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	630	280	350	0.7	0.6	0.7	6,290	2,975	3,310	0.7	0.6	0.7
Sikh	160	110	50	0.2	0.2	0.1	1,090	640	450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	225	140	90	0.2	0.3	0.2	1,995	995	1,000	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belgian	490	245	245	0.5	0.6	0.5	2,975	1,440	1,535	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	80	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	185	115	70	0.2	0.3	0.1	1,500	885	615	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexican	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	935	490	450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	710	360	350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1	2,905	1,310	1,595	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,295	565	725	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	530	280	250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,000	445	550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,125	490	635	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,045	610	440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	935	450	485	1.0	1.0	1.0	21,305	10,140	11,160	2.2	2.2	2.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	195	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,995	1,875	2,115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	425	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,390	800	595	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	860	460	400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	190	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	785	370	415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	275	250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	110	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,065	520	540	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,650	1,450	1,200	0.3	0.3	0.2
Guyanese	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	530	255	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	150	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.1	4,420	2,060	2,360	0.5	0.4	0.5
Serbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	240	190	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	295	435	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	1,465	650	815	1.6	1.5	1.7	7,540	3,565	3,975	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	100	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,405	725	680	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	210	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	270	240	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	360	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,800	885	915	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladeshi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	395	335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	705	345	365	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,070	515	560	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	165	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1	615	260	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,710	815	895	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	115	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	135	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	170	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	70	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	775	360	415	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	370	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,935	1,035	905	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1	520	205	315	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	130	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	600	260	340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2	825	420	405	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	685	310	375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	290	255	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	425	335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	125	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	175	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	2,015	995	1,015	2.2	2.3	2.1	25,505	12,430	13,075	2.7	2.7	2.7
Ethiopian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	175	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	100	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	95	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	985	495	485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	260	250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1	510	275	230	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	120	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,130	1,055	1,075	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,380	620	760	0.1	0.1	0.2
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	165	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	175	70	105	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,760	2,815	2,945	0.6	0.6	0.6
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	265	220	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	225	290	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	455	205	250	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	380	195	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	250	130	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	145	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	705	325	375	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	100	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,270	605	660	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	170	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	195	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	115	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	165	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0	210	100	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	495	220	275	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	120	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	120	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	260	210	0.0	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	220	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.3	2,110	980	1,130	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	80	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	50	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	125	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	160	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	445	440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	90	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	85	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	115	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	155	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	145	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	60	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	115	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	155	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	90	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	60	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	110	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	20	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	90	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	80	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	140	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	115	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	3,930	1,935	1,990	4.3	4.4	4.2	7,830	3,730	4,100	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	60	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	315	180	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	190	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	810	450	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	100	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	235	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	55	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	70	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	105	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	65	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	95	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	445	255	190	0.0	0.1	0.0
Basque	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	155	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	110	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1	695	265	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	120	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2	3,805	1,735	2,075	0.4	0.4	0.4
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	92,020	44,190	47,830	100.0	100.0	100.0	955,855	465,855	490,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,955	1,300	1,655	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	69,550	32,155	37,395	75.6	72.8	78.2	556,115	256,255	299,860	58.2	55.0	61.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,740	1,325	1,415	3.0	3.0	3.0	45,030	21,690	23,340	4.7	4.7	4.8
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	815	415	395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	6,140	2,880	3,260	6.7	6.5	6.8	73,015	33,060	39,955	7.6	7.1	8.2
Baptist	790	320	465	0.9	0.7	1.0	53,800	24,480	29,320	5.6	5.3	6.0
Catholic	46,540	21,610	24,930	50.6	48.9	52.1	245,305	115,030	130,275	25.7	24.7	26.6
Christian Orthodox	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,325	2,195	2,125	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	275	125	155	0.3	0.3	0.3	3,740	1,630	2,105	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2	1,685	740	945	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,175	2,970	3,205	0.6	0.6	0.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	490	210	285	0.5	0.5	0.6	5,460	2,445	3,015	0.6	0.5	0.6
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	300	125	175	0.3	0.3	0.4	7,525	3,320	4,205	0.8	0.7	0.9
Presbyterian	2,265	980	1,285	2.5	2.2	2.7	16,935	7,550	9,385	1.8	1.6	1.9
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	260	250	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	6,155	2,730	3,430	6.7	6.2	7.2	71,620	31,090	40,525	7.5	6.7	8.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,460	1,685	1,780	3.8	3.8	3.7	20,185	9,370	10,815	2.1	2.0	2.2
Hindu	705	425	280	0.8	1.0	0.6	8,460	4,895	3,565	0.9	1.1	0.7
Jewish	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,195	1,130	1,070	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	455	275	180	0.5	0.6	0.4	14,715	8,025	6,690	1.5	1.7	1.4
Sikh	575	315	260	0.6	0.7	0.5	4,735	2,620	2,115	0.5	0.6	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,090	485	605	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	405	150	255	0.4	0.3	0.5	6,195	2,570	3,625	0.6	0.6	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	20,125	10,795	9,330	21.9	24.4	19.5	359,395	188,580	170,820	37.6	40.5	34.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	91,375	43,865	47,510	100.0	100.0	100.0	948,430	461,880	486,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	83,420	39,875	43,545	91.3	90.9	91.7	832,560	405,570	426,995	87.8	87.8	87.8
Movers	7,950	3,990	3,960	8.7	9.1	8.3	115,865	56,315	59,550	12.2	12.2	12.2
Non-migrants	5,570	2,765	2,805	6.1	6.3	5.9	69,070	33,450	35,620	7.3	7.2	7.3
Migrants	2,380	1,220	1,160	2.6	2.8	2.4	46,795	22,865	23,935	4.9	5.0	4.9
Internal migrants	2,035	1,030	1,005	2.2	2.3	2.1	40,825	19,945	20,880	4.3	4.3	4.3
Intraprovincial migrants	750	350	405	0.8	0.8	0.9	17,815	8,400	9,415	1.9	1.8	1.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,280	675	605	1.4	1.5	1.3	23,015	11,550	11,465	2.4	2.5	2.4
External migrants	345	195	150	0.4	0.4	0.3	5,970	2,920	3,050	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	88,615	42,400	46,215	100.0	100.0	100.0	915,520	445,160	470,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	64,955	31,005	33,950	73.3	73.1	73.5	581,165	282,815	298,350	63.5	63.5	63.4
Movers	23,665	11,395	12,270	26.7	26.9	26.5	334,365	162,345	172,020	36.5	36.5	36.6
Non-migrants	15,400	7,080	8,315	17.4	16.7	18.0	155,120	74,805	80,315	16.9	16.8	17.1
Migrants	8,265	4,315	3,950	9.3	10.2	8.5	179,245	87,545	91,695	19.6	19.7	19.5
Internal migrants	5,770	2,910	2,860	6.5	6.9	6.2	143,135	68,580	74,555	15.6	15.4	15.9
Intraprovincial migrants	2,225	1,070	1,155	2.5	2.5	2.5	76,050	35,460	40,590	8.3	8.0	8.6
Interprovincial migrants	3,545	1,840	1,705	4.0	4.3	3.7	67,085	33,120	33,970	7.3	7.4	7.2
External migrants	2,495	1,405	1,090	2.8	3.3	2.4	36,110	18,965	17,145	3.9	4.3	3.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	80,260	38,205	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0	819,310	395,805	423,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,315	9,030	8,285	21.6	23.6	19.7	157,255	86,485	70,770	19.2	21.9	16.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,945	29,175	33,770	78.4	76.4	80.3	662,060	309,320	352,740	80.8	78.1	83.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,960	22,190	24,765	100.0	100.0	100.0	507,465	245,000	262,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,730	3,340	2,390	12.2	15.1	9.7	60,130	36,560	23,565	11.8	14.9	9.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	41,230	18,860	22,375	87.8	85.0	90.3	447,335	208,440	238,895	88.2	85.1	91.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	80,260	38,200	42,060	100.0	100.0	100.0	819,315	395,805	423,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,235	7,595	7,640	19.0	19.9	18.2	137,525	73,150	64,375	16.8	18.5	15.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	22,900	10,955	11,945	28.5	28.7	28.4	220,205	108,970	111,240	26.9	27.5	26.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,120	19,650	22,470	52.5	51.4	53.4	461,580	213,690	247,895	56.3	54.0	58.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,295	13,855	14,435	35.3	36.3	34.3	262,860	128,430	134,425	32.1	32.4	31.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,720	6,695	2,025	10.9	17.5	4.8	70,140	50,285	19,855	8.6	12.7	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,480	2,880	1,595	5.6	7.5	3.8	37,420	21,935	15,485	4.6	5.5	3.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,235	3,815	420	5.3	10.0	1.0	32,720	28,355	4,365	4.0	7.2	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,150	6,115	11,030	21.4	16.0	26.2	173,685	70,510	103,170	21.2	17.8	24.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,425	1,045	1,385	3.0	2.7	3.3	19,035	7,630	11,400	2.3	1.9	2.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,830	5,790	8,035	17.2	15.2	19.1	198,725	85,255	113,470	24.3	21.5	26.8
Bachelor's degree	9,440	3,850	5,600	11.8	10.1	13.3	131,470	55,740	75,730	16.0	14.1	17.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,410	700	710	1.8	1.8	1.7	12,185	5,260	6,920	1.5	1.3	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	425	230	190	0.5	0.6	0.5	5,045	2,600	2,450	0.6	0.7	0.6
Master's degree	2,310	870	1,440	2.9	2.3	3.4	43,285	17,675	25,610	5.3	4.5	6.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	245	145	100	0.3	0.4	0.2	6,745	3,985	2,760	0.8	1.0	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,960	22,195	24,765	100.0	100.0	100.0	507,465	245,005	262,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,890	2,790	2,095	10.4	12.6	8.5	50,650	29,980	20,670	10.0	12.2	7.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,865	6,285	6,585	27.4	28.3	26.6	124,015	64,040	59,975	24.4	26.1	22.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,200	13,120	16,080	62.2	59.1	64.9	332,805	150,985	181,820	65.6	61.6	69.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,995	9,190	9,810	40.4	41.4	39.6	181,530	89,105	92,430	35.8	36.4	35.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,475	4,220	1,260	11.7	19.0	5.1	44,840	32,580	12,255	8.8	13.3	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,765	1,780	980	5.9	8.0	4.0	23,700	14,200	9,500	4.7	5.8	3.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,715	2,435	275	5.8	11.0	1.1	21,145	18,385	2,760	4.2	7.5	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,045	4,305	7,740	25.6	19.4	31.3	125,220	51,865	73,355	24.7	21.2	27.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,475	670	810	3.1	3.0	3.3	11,470	4,655	6,815	2.3	1.9	2.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,200	3,930	6,270	21.7	17.7	25.3	151,270	61,885	89,385	29.8	25.3	34.1
Bachelor's degree	6,995	2,645	4,350	14.9	11.9	17.6	100,175	41,230	58,940	19.7	16.8	22.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,010	495	515	2.2	2.2	2.1	9,025	3,680	5,340	1.8	1.5	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	305	155	150	0.6	0.7	0.6	3,840	1,715	2,130	0.8	0.7	0.8
Master's degree	1,725	550	1,170	3.7	2.5	4.7	33,605	12,785	20,825	6.6	5.2	7.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	165	80	90	0.4	0.4	0.4	4,625	2,475	2,155	0.9	1.0	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	80,260	38,205	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0	819,315	395,805	423,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	38,135	18,555	19,585	47.5	48.6	46.6	357,735	182,120	175,620	43.7	46.0	41.5
Education	3,485	955	2,535	4.3	2.5	6.0	32,930	8,240	24,690	4.0	2.1	5.8
13. Education	3,485	955	2,535	4.3	2.5	6.0	32,930	8,240	24,690	4.0	2.1	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	520	305	220	0.6	0.8	0.5	11,875	5,620	6,245	1.4	1.4	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	65	0	0.1	0.2	0.0	1,640	1,165	470	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	445	230	215	0.6	0.6	0.5	10,235	4,455	5,780	1.2	1.1	1.4
Humanities	1,370	635	740	1.7	1.7	1.8	21,855	8,850	13,000	2.7	2.2	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,250	310	940	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	240	95	150	0.3	0.2	0.4	6,125	1,930	4,195	0.7	0.5	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	530	235	295	0.7	0.6	0.7	5,015	1,845	3,165	0.6	0.5	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1	620	265	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,510	860	650	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	95	35	0.2	0.2	0.1	2,365	1,390	975	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	280	145	135	0.3	0.4	0.3	3,915	2,050	1,865	0.5	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,055	205	850	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,735	930	2,810	4.7	2.4	6.7	46,965	14,270	32,695	5.7	3.6	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	715	185	530	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	310	130	185	0.4	0.3	0.4	4,635	1,690	2,945	0.6	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,350	185	1,165	1.7	0.5	2.8	10,015	850	9,160	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	555	155	395	0.7	0.4	0.9	6,710	2,155	4,555	0.8	0.5	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,060	410	650	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	720	150	565	0.9	0.4	1.3	9,695	2,495	7,200	1.2	0.6	1.7
45. Social sciences	745	270	470	0.9	0.7	1.1	14,135	6,485	7,650	1.7	1.6	1.8
Business, management and public administration	8,255	2,490	5,770	10.3	6.5	13.7	101,875	33,235	68,645	12.4	8.4	16.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	20	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	715	170	540	0.9	0.4	1.3	7,570	1,505	6,065	0.9	0.4	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,530	2,315	5,210	9.4	6.1	12.4	94,100	31,705	62,395	11.5	8.0	14.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	995	510	485	1.2	1.3	1.2	19,060	9,100	9,965	2.3	2.3	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	370	165	205	0.5	0.4	0.5	8,440	3,485	4,960	1.0	0.9	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	360	175	185	0.4	0.5	0.4	4,585	1,895	2,685	0.6	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	85	320	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	180	135	45	0.2	0.4	0.1	5,030	3,405	1,625	0.6	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	600	225	380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,030	615	415	1.3	1.6	1.0	18,170	11,610	6,560	2.2	2.9	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	935	580	355	1.2	1.5	0.8	14,910	10,200	4,705	1.8	2.6	1.1
25. Library science	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,320	210	1,110	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,670	1,020	650	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	175	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,160	9,600	560	12.7	25.1	1.3	96,510	89,105	7,405	11.8	22.5	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,825	1,085	745	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,090	945	145	1.4	2.5	0.3	15,205	12,550	2,655	1.9	3.2	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,100	1,890	205	2.6	4.9	0.5	21,045	18,775	2,265	2.6	4.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,280	3,220	55	4.1	8.4	0.1	25,495	24,860	635	3.1	6.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,255	2,165	90	2.8	5.7	0.2	21,920	21,295	625	2.7	5.4	0.1
48. Precision production	1,390	1,340	55	1.7	3.5	0.1	11,010	10,540	470	1.3	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	470	240	235	0.6	0.6	0.6	9,905	5,160	4,745	1.2	1.3	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	250	85	160	0.3	0.2	0.4	5,965	2,615	3,350	0.7	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	225	155	70	0.3	0.4	0.2	3,945	2,550	1,390	0.5	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	8,480	1,255	7,230	10.6	3.3	17.2	70,550	11,530	59,020	8.6	2.9	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	205	115	90	0.3	0.3	0.2	4,330	2,105	2,225	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,125	1,050	7,075	10.1	2.7	16.8	64,255	8,350	55,905	7.8	2.1	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	35	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	155	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,775	1,035	740	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,610	2,130	1,480	4.5	5.6	3.5	31,815	16,945	14,875	3.9	4.3	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,875	540	1,340	2.3	1.4	3.2	17,520	4,465	13,045	2.1	1.1	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	220	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	730	690	45	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	585	490	95	0.7	1.3	0.2	4,760	3,625	1,135	0.6	0.9	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,125	1,085	45	1.4	2.8	0.1	8,560	7,945	620	1.0	2.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	25	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,960	22,195	24,765	100.0	100.0	100.0	507,465	245,000	262,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,760	9,075	8,685	37.8	40.9	35.1	174,660	94,015	80,645	34.4	38.4	30.7
Education	1,980	455	1,525	4.2	2.1	6.2	20,200	4,425	15,770	4.0	1.8	6.0
13. Education	1,980	455	1,525	4.2	2.1	6.2	20,200	4,425	15,770	4.0	1.8	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	445	255	185	0.9	1.1	0.7	9,295	4,430	4,860	1.8	1.8	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	45	0	0.1	0.2	0.0	1,250	865	390	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	390	210	180	0.8	0.9	0.7	8,045	3,570	4,475	1.6	1.5	1.7
Humanities	870	345	525	1.9	1.6	2.1	15,170	5,930	9,240	3.0	2.4	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1	865	210	655	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	130	35	95	0.3	0.2	0.4	4,320	1,320	2,990	0.9	0.5	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	365	140	230	0.8	0.6	0.9	3,570	1,310	2,260	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1	420	180	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,090	615	475	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	55	15	0.2	0.2	0.1	1,350	755	590	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	180	85	100	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,785	1,410	1,380	0.5	0.6	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1	770	130	645	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,005	685	2,320	6.4	3.1	9.4	37,160	10,305	26,855	7.3	4.2	10.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	135	385	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	250	110	140	0.5	0.5	0.6	3,995	1,410	2,585	0.8	0.6	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,090	135	955	2.3	0.6	3.9	8,070	615	7,460	1.6	0.3	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	460	115	345	1.0	0.5	1.4	5,285	1,405	3,875	1.0	0.6	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0	780	305	470	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	575	115	465	1.2	0.5	1.9	7,590	1,820	5,765	1.5	0.7	2.2
45. Social sciences	585	185	405	1.2	0.8	1.6	10,925	4,615	6,315	2.2	1.9	2.4
Business, management and public administration	5,610	1,605	4,010	11.9	7.2	16.2	73,450	24,240	49,215	14.5	9.9	18.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	20	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	500	90	415	1.1	0.4	1.7	5,700	1,010	4,690	1.1	0.4	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,100	1,515	3,585	10.9	6.8	14.5	67,610	23,210	44,400	13.3	9.5	16.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	675	335	340	1.4	1.5	1.4	13,285	5,930	7,350	2.6	2.4	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	285	130	155	0.6	0.6	0.6	6,020	2,365	3,650	1.2	1.0	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	220	100	120	0.5	0.5	0.5	3,235	1,275	1,960	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1	340	60	280	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	120	85	35	0.3	0.4	0.1	3,415	2,130	1,285	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1	280	105	180	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	850	515	335	1.8	2.3	1.4	14,780	9,615	5,160	2.9	3.9	2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	795	505	290	1.7	2.3	1.2	12,590	8,695	3,895	2.5	3.5	1.5
25. Library science	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1	855	125	730	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,090	645	445	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	155	85	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,650	6,220	430	14.2	28.0	1.7	67,440	61,470	5,970	13.3	25.1	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,330	705	625	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	800	685	115	1.7	3.1	0.5	11,245	9,095	2,150	2.2	3.7	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,295	1,135	155	2.8	5.1	0.6	14,625	12,825	1,805	2.9	5.2	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,135	2,095	35	4.5	9.4	0.1	17,745	17,230	520	3.5	7.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,510	1,450	65	3.2	6.5	0.3	15,140	14,660	480	3.0	6.0	0.2
48. Precision production	875	830	40	1.9	3.7	0.2	7,350	6,970	380	1.4	2.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	350	180	165	0.7	0.8	0.7	7,525	3,555	3,970	1.5	1.5	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	180	60	120	0.4	0.3	0.5	4,460	1,695	2,760	0.9	0.7	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	170	115	45	0.4	0.5	0.2	3,065	1,860	1,205	0.6	0.8	0.5
Health and related fields	5,995	910	5,085	12.8	4.1	20.5	50,935	8,650	42,285	10.0	3.5	16.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	140	80	60	0.3	0.4	0.2	3,230	1,565	1,665	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,765	790	4,975	12.3	3.6	20.1	46,265	6,410	39,860	9.1	2.6	15.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	30	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,285	650	630	0.3	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,780	1,610	1,170	5.9	7.3	4.7	23,515	12,415	11,105	4.6	5.1	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,415	375	1,040	3.0	1.7	4.2	12,840	3,235	9,605	2.5	1.3	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	170	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	375	30	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	480	390	90	1.0	1.8	0.4	3,795	2,860	940	0.7	1.2	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	860	825	35	1.8	3.7	0.1	6,290	5,775	515	1.2	2.4	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	46,960	22,195	24,765	100.0	100.0	100.0	507,465	245,000	262,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,760	9,075	8,685	37.8	40.9	35.1	174,660	94,015	80,645	34.4	38.4	30.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	29,200	13,115	16,085	62.2	59.1	65.0	332,805	150,985	181,820	65.6	61.6	69.3
Location of study inside Canada	27,725	12,370	15,355	59.0	55.7	62.0	301,970	136,275	165,700	59.5	55.6	63.1
Same as province or territory of residence	23,990	10,445	13,545	51.1	47.1	54.7	233,890	103,055	130,835	46.1	42.1	49.8
Different than province or territory of residence	3,735	1,920	1,815	8.0	8.7	7.3	68,085	33,220	34,865	13.4	13.6	13.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,480	750	725	3.2	3.4	2.9	30,835	14,715	16,120	6.1	6.0	6.1
Americas	375	165	210	0.8	0.7	0.8	6,980	3,290	3,690	1.4	1.3	1.4
United States of America	355	160	195	0.8	0.7	0.8	5,280	2,490	2,790	1.0	1.0	1.1
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	130	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	110	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	230	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	160	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	155	90	70	0.3	0.4	0.3	7,560	3,830	3,730	1.5	1.6	1.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	130	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1	790	410	380	0.2	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	115	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	95	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	55	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	185	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	140	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0	250	120	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1	3,820	2,040	1,780	0.8	0.8	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	675	325	345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	55	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1	2,050	1,060	995	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	350	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	530	270	255	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	155	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	230	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	860	445	415	1.8	2.0	1.7	13,500	6,155	7,345	2.7	2.5	2.8
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1	410	180	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	140	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	180	120	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	120	135	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkey	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	80	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,530	715	810	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	20	160	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	320	620	0.2	0.1	0.2
Philippines	160	65	100	0.3	0.3	0.4	2,835	1,045	1,790	0.6	0.4	0.7
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	70	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	90	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	495	290	200	1.1	1.3	0.8	4,860	2,620	2,235	1.0	1.1	0.9
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	155	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0	560	215	345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1	735	380	360	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australia	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1	600	285	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	95	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	80,260	38,200	42,060	...	...	...	819,315	395,805	423,510	...	...	...
In the labour force	41,585	20,740	20,840	...	...	...	487,260	249,805	237,455	...	...	...
Employed	33,470	16,080	17,395	...	...	...	425,190	218,955	206,235	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,115	4,665	3,445	...	...	...	62,070	30,845	31,225	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	38,675	17,460	21,210	...	...	...	332,055	146,005	186,050	...	...	...
Participation rate	51.8	54.3	49.5	51.8	54.3	49.5	59.5	63.1	56.1	59.5	63.1	56.1
Employment rate	41.7	42.1	41.4	41.7	42.1	41.4	51.9	55.3	48.7	51.9	55.3	48.7
Unemployment rate	19.5	22.5	16.5	19.5	22.5	16.5	12.7	12.3	13.1	12.7	12.3	13.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	80,260	38,205	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0	819,315	395,805	423,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	38,260	17,555	20,705	47.7	45.9	49.2	323,335	143,255	180,080	39.5	36.2	42.5
Worked	42,000	20,650	21,350	52.3	54.1	50.8	495,980	252,555	243,430	60.5	63.8	57.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,920	9,580	10,345	24.8	25.1	24.6	260,795	139,605	121,190	31.8	35.3	28.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	22,075	11,070	11,005	27.5	29.0	26.2	235,185	112,945	122,240	28.7	28.5	28.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.3	37.4	39.3	38.3	37.4	39.3	40.7	40.9	40.5	40.7	40.9	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	41,585	20,745	20,845	100.0	100.0	100.0	487,260	249,805	237,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,620	950	675	3.9	4.6	3.2	10,965	5,685	5,285	2.3	2.3	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	39,960	19,790	20,170	96.1	95.4	96.8	476,290	244,120	232,175	97.7	97.7	97.8
Employee	36,980	17,835	19,140	88.9	86.0	91.8	421,080	210,355	210,730	86.4	84.2	88.7
Permanent position	27,045	12,605	14,440	65.0	60.8	69.3	337,140	168,845	168,295	69.2	67.6	70.9
Temporary position	9,935	5,235	4,700	23.9	25.2	22.5	83,945	41,510	42,435	17.2	16.6	17.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,735	720	1,010	4.2	3.5	4.8	22,645	9,880	12,770	4.6	4.0	5.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	8,200	4,510	3,690	19.7	21.7	17.7	61,295	31,630	29,665	12.6	12.7	12.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,980	1,955	1,025	7.2	9.4	4.9	55,210	33,765	21,450	11.3	13.5	9.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	41,585	20,745	20,845	100.0	100.0	100.0	487,260	249,805	237,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,620	950	675	3.9	4.6	3.2	10,965	5,685	5,285	2.3	2.3	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	39,960	19,790	20,170	96.1	95.4	96.8	476,290	244,120	232,175	97.7	97.7	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	185	105	80	0.4	0.5	0.4	5,065	3,155	1,915	1.0	1.3	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,595	1,495	4,100	13.5	7.2	19.7	73,305	21,325	51,980	15.0	8.5	21.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,465	1,200	265	3.5	5.8	1.3	32,455	24,710	7,745	6.7	9.9	3.3
3 Health occupations	5,225	965	4,265	12.6	4.7	20.5	45,420	7,935	37,485	9.3	3.2	15.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,285	1,780	3,505	12.7	8.6	16.8	66,135	23,980	42,150	13.6	9.6	17.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	675	280	395	1.6	1.3	1.9	13,070	5,820	7,250	2.7	2.3	3.1
6 Sales and service occupations	12,180	5,365	6,815	29.3	25.9	32.7	123,130	53,525	69,605	25.3	21.4	29.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,785	6,410	375	16.3	30.9	1.8	80,775	74,590	6,190	16.6	29.9	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,355	1,175	175	3.3	5.7	0.8	17,745	14,730	3,015	3.6	5.9	1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,205	1,010	195	2.9	4.9	0.9	19,200	14,355	4,845	3.9	5.7	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	41,585	20,745	20,845	100.0	100.0	100.0	487,260	249,805	237,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,620	950	675	3.9	4.6	3.2	10,965	5,685	5,285	2.3	2.3	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	39,960	19,790	20,170	96.1	95.4	96.8	476,290	244,120	232,175	97.7	97.7	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,220	1,000	215	2.9	4.8	1.0	17,880	13,890	3,990	3.7	5.6	1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	570	520	50	1.4	2.5	0.2	3,065	2,730	335	0.6	1.1	0.1
22 Utilities	405	370	35	1.0	1.8	0.2	3,655	2,685	970	0.8	1.1	0.4
23 Construction	3,070	2,780	295	7.4	13.4	1.4	35,720	31,760	3,960	7.3	12.7	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	1,340	1,085	250	3.2	5.2	1.2	31,210	22,855	8,355	6.4	9.1	3.5
41 Wholesale trade	515	430	90	1.2	2.1	0.4	11,400	8,170	3,230	2.3	3.3	1.4
44-45 Retail trade	5,355	2,450	2,910	12.9	11.8	14.0	58,985	26,950	32,040	12.1	10.8	13.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,705	1,270	435	4.1	6.1	2.1	19,930	15,510	4,420	4.1	6.2	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	375	215	165	0.9	1.0	0.8	8,260	4,695	3,565	1.7	1.9	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	735	235	495	1.8	1.1	2.4	16,490	6,485	10,000	3.4	2.6	4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	320	230	90	0.8	1.1	0.4	6,570	3,490	3,080	1.3	1.4	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,485	840	640	3.6	4.0	3.1	31,400	17,375	14,025	6.4	7.0	5.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1	655	280	370	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,700	1,585	1,115	6.5	7.6	5.3	21,530	12,935	8,600	4.4	5.2	3.6
61 Educational services	3,135	980	2,155	7.5	4.7	10.3	38,425	11,695	26,730	7.9	4.7	11.3
62 Health care and social assistance	8,125	1,610	6,510	19.5	7.8	31.2	70,595	12,720	57,875	14.5	5.1	24.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	745	385	360	1.8	1.9	1.7	9,045	4,445	4,600	1.9	1.8	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	3,035	1,390	1,645	7.3	6.7	7.9	30,010	12,680	17,330	6.2	5.1	7.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,590	810	780	3.8	3.9	3.7	19,395	9,340	10,060	4.0	3.7	4.2
91 Public administration	3,520	1,600	1,915	8.5	7.7	9.2	42,070	23,425	18,635	8.6	9.4	7.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	45,575	22,610	22,965	100.0	100.0	100.0	530,410	270,085	260,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	44,625	22,180	22,445	97.9	98.1	97.7	506,775	259,550	247,230	95.5	96.1	95.0
French	120	55	65	0.3	0.2	0.3	3,405	1,290	2,115	0.6	0.5	0.8
Non-official language	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,180	645	540	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	170	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1	870	475	395	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	505	200	305	1.1	0.9	1.3	13,145	5,475	7,670	2.5	2.0	2.9
English and non-official language(s)	280	160	125	0.6	0.7	0.5	5,605	2,990	2,610	1.1	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	120	155	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	45,575	22,610	22,965	100.0	100.0	100.0	530,410	270,085	260,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	45,430	22,555	22,875	99.7	99.8	99.6	527,715	268,845	258,865	99.5	99.5	99.4
Official languages	45,355	22,525	22,830	99.5	99.6	99.4	525,370	267,545	257,825	99.0	99.1	99.0
English	45,125	22,435	22,690	99.0	99.2	98.8	519,550	265,385	254,165	98.0	98.3	97.6
French	230	90	135	0.5	0.4	0.6	5,825	2,165	3,660	1.1	0.8	1.4
Non-official languages	75	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2	2,340	1,295	1,045	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1	675	345	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1	675	345	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1	670	340	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1	670	340	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,670	955	710	0.3	0.4	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	105	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	105	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	90	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	355	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	155	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	120	150	0.0	0.0	0.1
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	120	145	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	75	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	105	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	85	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	550	340	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	550	340	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	280	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	145	55	90	0.3	0.2	0.4	2,700	1,240	1,460	0.5	0.5	0.6
English and French	110	40	70	0.2	0.2	0.3	1,650	680	970	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,030	555	475	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	45,575	22,610	22,965	100.0	100.0	100.0	530,410	270,085	260,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	44,900	22,295	22,610	98.5	98.6	98.5	513,950	262,660	251,290	96.9	97.3	96.5
English	145	50	100	0.3	0.2	0.4	3,510	1,480	2,035	0.7	0.5	0.8
French	295	125	170	0.6	0.6	0.7	9,110	3,940	5,170	1.7	1.5	2.0
Non-official language	185	105	80	0.4	0.5	0.3	3,290	1,715	1,575	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1	655	275	375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	150	90	60	0.3	0.4	0.3	2,635	1,440	1,200	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	95	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0	270	160	115	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	33,470	16,080	17,395	100.0	100.0	100.0	425,195	218,955	206,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,155	1,660	2,495	12.4	10.3	14.3	88,135	39,780	48,360	20.7	18.2	23.4
Worked outside Canada	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1	1,040	810	235	0.2	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,680	3,335	1,345	14.0	20.7	7.7	57,310	44,135	13,175	13.5	20.2	6.4
Usual place of work	24,605	11,060	13,550	73.5	68.8	77.9	278,705	134,235	144,470	65.5	61.3	70.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	24,605	11,060	13,545	100.0	100.0	100.0	278,705	134,230	144,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,590	9,955	12,630	91.8	90.0	93.2	201,500	96,490	105,005	72.3	71.9	72.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	340	140	195	1.4	1.3	1.4	47,015	20,630	26,385	16.9	15.4	18.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	505	285	225	2.1	2.6	1.7	25,755	14,375	11,380	9.2	10.7	7.9
Commute to a different province or territory	1,170	675	500	4.8	6.1	3.7	4,435	2,735	1,700	1.6	2.0	1.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	29,285	14,395	14,890	100.0	100.0	100.0	336,015	178,365	157,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	26,915	13,115	13,805	91.9	91.1	92.7	293,665	157,980	135,690	87.4	88.6	86.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	24,575	12,200	12,375	83.9	84.8	83.1	267,755	146,570	121,185	79.7	82.2	76.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,345	915	1,425	8.0	6.4	9.6	25,910	11,410	14,505	7.7	6.4	9.2
Public transit	560	335	220	1.9	2.3	1.5	13,895	6,205	7,695	4.1	3.5	4.9
Walked	995	465	530	3.4	3.2	3.6	18,975	8,950	10,025	5.6	5.0	6.4
Bicycle	55	50	0	0.2	0.3	0.0	1,605	1,160	445	0.5	0.7	0.3
Other method	765	430	335	2.6	3.0	2.2	7,870	4,075	3,795	2.3	2.3	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	29,285	14,395	14,890	100.0	100.0	100.0	336,015	178,365	157,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,575	6,130	7,440	46.4	42.6	50.0	128,935	62,025	66,915	38.4	34.8	42.4
15 to 29 minutes	10,425	5,125	5,300	35.6	35.6	35.6	123,315	65,805	57,510	36.7	36.9	36.5
30 to 44 minutes	3,755	2,100	1,660	12.8	14.6	11.1	51,690	29,915	21,775	15.4	16.8	13.8
45 to 59 minutes	770	495	275	2.6	3.4	1.8	15,840	9,320	6,525	4.7	5.2	4.1
60 minutes and over	760	545	215	2.6	3.8	1.4	16,230	11,310	4,920	4.8	6.3	3.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	29,285	14,395	14,890	100.0	100.0	100.0	336,015	178,365	157,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,475	1,000	475	5.0	6.9	3.2	21,490	15,255	6,230	6.4	8.6	4.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,235	2,890	2,345	17.9	20.1	15.7	65,525	39,600	25,925	19.5	22.2	16.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,215	4,060	4,150	28.1	28.2	27.9	98,970	52,175	46,805	29.5	29.3	29.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,340	3,010	4,330	25.1	20.9	29.1	70,820	30,385	40,430	21.1	17.0	25.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,010	1,370	1,645	10.3	9.5	11.0	33,295	14,565	18,730	9.9	8.2	11.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,005	2,065	1,940	13.7	14.3	13.0	45,920	26,390	19,525	13.7	14.8	12.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	14,760	7,520	7,245	100.0	100.0	100.0	168,465	86,570	81,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	915	440	475	6.2	5.9	6.6	16,800	8,370	8,425	10.0	9.7	10.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,845	7,080	6,770	93.8	94.1	93.4	151,660	78,195	73,465	90.0	90.3	89.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,065	5,635	5,430	100.0	100.0	100.0	124,910	64,325	60,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	710	335	380	6.4	5.9	7.0	12,745	6,365	6,385	10.2	9.9	10.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	500	225	275	4.5	4.0	5.1	8,070	3,915	4,155	6.5	6.1	6.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	215	110	105	1.9	2.0	1.9	4,680	2,450	2,230	3.7	3.8	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,350	5,305	5,045	93.5	94.1	92.9	112,165	57,965	54,200	89.8	90.1	89.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 15, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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