Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Statistic:
Characteristic Mount Pearl, City (CY)More information:
Newfoundland and Labrador
[Census subdivision]
 Remove		 Newfoundland and LabradorMore information:

[Province]
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Counts Rates Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 22,477 ... ... ... ... ... 510,550 ... ... ... ... ...
Population, 20161 23,120r ... ... ... ... ... 519,716 ... ... ... ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 - 2.8 ... ... - 2.8 ... ... - 1.8 ... ... - 1.8 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 10,685 ... ... ... ... ... 269,184 ... ... ... ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 9,931 ... ... ... ... ... 223,253 ... ... ... ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 1,436.2 ... ... 1,436.2 ... ... 1.4 ... ... 1.4 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 15.65 ... ... ... ... ... 358,170.37 ... ... ... ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 22,475 10,810 11,665 100.0 100.0 100.0 510,550 250,075 260,475 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 2,830 1,460 1,370 12.6 13.5 11.7 68,190 35,050 33,140 13.4 14.0 12.7
0 to 4 years 850 440 405 3.8 4.1 3.5 18,985 9,760 9,225 3.7 3.9 3.5
5 to 9 years 950 490 455 4.2 4.5 3.9 23,030 11,750 11,280 4.5 4.7 4.3
10 to 14 years 1,035 525 510 4.6 4.9 4.4 26,175 13,535 12,640 5.1 5.4 4.9
15 to 64 years 14,800 7,155 7,650 65.9 66.2 65.6 321,750 158,345 163,405 63.0 63.3 62.7
15 to 19 years 1,055 535 520 4.7 4.9 4.5 25,720 13,275 12,445 5.0 5.3 4.8
20 to 24 years 1,265 660 610 5.6 6.1 5.2 26,075 13,555 12,515 5.1 5.4 4.8
25 to 29 years 1,390 710 685 6.2 6.6 5.9 25,045 12,610 12,440 4.9 5.0 4.8
30 to 34 years 1,490 745 745 6.6 6.9 6.4 27,525 13,520 14,005 5.4 5.4 5.4
35 to 39 years 1,480 730 755 6.6 6.8 6.5 29,445 14,205 15,240 5.8 5.7 5.9
40 to 44 years 1,385 645 735 6.2 6.0 6.3 30,890 14,775 16,115 6.1 5.9 6.2
45 to 49 years 1,450 695 755 6.5 6.4 6.5 33,995 16,485 17,510 6.7 6.6 6.7
50 to 54 years 1,590 735 855 7.1 6.8 7.3 38,375 18,685 19,685 7.5 7.5 7.6
55 to 59 years 1,895 855 1,045 8.4 7.9 9.0 42,150 20,530 21,615 8.3 8.2 8.3
60 to 64 years 1,790 845 945 8.0 7.8 8.1 42,520 20,695 21,830 8.3 8.3 8.4
65 years and over 4,845 2,200 2,645 21.6 20.4 22.7 120,610 56,680 63,930 23.6 22.7 24.5
65 to 69 years 1,790 835 955 8.0 7.7 8.2 40,450 19,715 20,735 7.9 7.9 8.0
70 to 74 years 1,345 625 720 6.0 5.8 6.2 34,405 16,600 17,805 6.7 6.6 6.8
75 to 79 years 885 400 490 3.9 3.7 4.2 22,365 10,585 11,780 4.4 4.2 4.5
80 to 84 years 490 210 280 2.2 1.9 2.4 13,240 5,960 7,280 2.6 2.4 2.8
85 years and over 325 130 200 1.4 1.2 1.7 10,155 3,820 6,335 2.0 1.5 2.4
85 to 89 years 235 100 140 1.0 0.9 1.2 6,745 2,835 3,910 1.3 1.1 1.5
90 to 94 years 70 25 50 0.3 0.2 0.4 2,710 835 1,880 0.5 0.3 0.7
95 to 99 years 15 5 5 0.1 0.0 0.0 620 135 485 0.1 0.1 0.2
100 years and over 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 15 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 12.6 13.5 11.7 12.6 13.5 11.7 13.4 14.0 12.7 13.4 14.0 12.7
15 to 64 years 65.9 66.2 65.6 65.9 66.2 65.6 63.0 63.3 62.7 63.0 63.3 62.7
65 years and over 21.6 20.4 22.7 21.6 20.4 22.7 23.6 22.7 24.5 23.6 22.7 24.5
85 years and over 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.7 2.0 1.5 2.4 2.0 1.5 2.4
Average age of the population 44.5 43.4 45.6 44.5 43.4 45.6 45.5 44.7 46.3 45.5 44.7 46.3
Median age of the population 46.0 44.4 47.6 46.0 44.4 47.6 48.4 47.6 49.2 48.4 47.6 49.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 9,930 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,255 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Single-detached house 4,505 ... ... 45.4 ... ... 161,410 ... ... 72.3 ... ...
Semi-detached house 740 ... ... 7.5 ... ... 8,695 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
Row house 925 ... ... 9.3 ... ... 10,770 ... ... 4.8 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 3,415 ... ... 34.4 ... ... 27,535 ... ... 12.3 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 335 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 12,325 ... ... 5.5 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 810 ... ... 0.4 ... ...
Other single-attached house 10 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 410 ... ... 0.2 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,295 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 9,930 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 person 2,710 ... ... 27.3 ... ... 62,290 ... ... 27.9 ... ...
2 persons 3,975 ... ... 40.0 ... ... 90,925 ... ... 40.7 ... ...
3 persons 1,770 ... ... 17.8 ... ... 35,080 ... ... 15.7 ... ...
4 persons 1,105 ... ... 11.1 ... ... 25,555 ... ... 11.4 ... ...
5 or more persons 370 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 9,400 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 22,355 10,765 11,595 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,100 246,180 255,920 100.0 100.0 100.0
Average household size 2.3 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 2.3 ... ... 2.3 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 19,645 9,350 10,300 100.0 100.0 100.0 442,360 215,025 227,335 100.0 100.0 100.0
Married or living common-law 11,530 5,740 5,795 58.7 61.4 56.3 266,210 132,975 133,230 60.2 61.8 58.6
Married 9,255 4,610 4,645 47.1 49.3 45.1 217,395 108,630 108,765 49.1 50.5 47.8
Living common-law 2,275 1,130 1,150 11.6 12.1 11.2 48,815 24,345 24,470 11.0 11.3 10.8
Living common law - Never married 1,730 840 885 8.8 9.0 8.6 36,680 18,205 18,475 8.3 8.5 8.1
Living common law - Separated 75 45 30 0.4 0.5 0.3 1,495 790 710 0.3 0.4 0.3
Living common law - Divorced 435 225 210 2.2 2.4 2.0 9,220 4,730 4,485 2.1 2.2 2.0
Living common law - Widowed 40 15 20 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,420 625 800 0.3 0.3 0.4
Not married and not living common-law 8,110 3,605 4,500 41.3 38.6 43.7 176,150 82,050 94,100 39.8 38.2 41.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married 5,305 2,755 2,550 27.0 29.5 24.8 112,120 60,560 51,555 25.3 28.2 22.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated 410 160 255 2.1 1.7 2.5 9,275 4,105 5,170 2.1 1.9 2.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 1,280 455 825 6.5 4.9 8.0 24,040 10,390 13,650 5.4 4.8 6.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 1,110 240 875 5.7 2.6 8.5 30,715 6,990 23,725 6.9 3.3 10.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 6,980 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 155,770 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
2 persons 4,045 ... ... 58.0 ... ... 92,630 ... ... 59.5 ... ...
3 persons 1,690 ... ... 24.2 ... ... 33,290 ... ... 21.4 ... ...
4 persons 1,000 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 23,460 ... ... 15.1 ... ...
5 or more persons 245 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 6,385 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.5 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 1.6 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 6,980 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 155,770 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total couple families 5,720 ... ... 81.9 ... ... 131,220 ... ... 84.2 ... ...
Married couples 4,580 ... ... 65.6 ... ... 106,815 ... ... 68.6 ... ...
With children6 2,100 ... ... 30.1 ... ... 44,510 ... ... 28.6 ... ...
Without children 2,480 ... ... 35.5 ... ... 62,305 ... ... 40.0 ... ...
Common-law couples 1,140 ... ... 16.3 ... ... 24,410 ... ... 15.7 ... ...
With children6 405 ... ... 5.8 ... ... 9,890 ... ... 6.3 ... ...
Without children 740 ... ... 10.6 ... ... 14,520 ... ... 9.3 ... ...
Total one-parent families 1,260 ... ... 18.1 ... ... 24,550 ... ... 15.8 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 1,010 ... ... 14.5 ... ... 19,165 ... ... 12.3 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 255 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 5,390 ... ... 3.5 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 22,355 10,760 11,595 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,095 246,180 255,915 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total - Persons in census families 18,435 9,080 9,350 82.5 84.4 80.6 412,540 204,540 208,000 82.2 83.1 81.3
Married spouses or common-law partners 11,440 5,700 5,740 51.2 53.0 49.5 262,445 131,075 131,365 52.3 53.2 51.3
Parents in one-parent families 1,260 250 1,005 5.6 2.3 8.7 24,545 5,385 19,165 4.9 2.2 7.5
Children6 5,735 3,130 2,605 25.7 29.1 22.5 125,550 68,075 57,475 25.0 27.7 22.5
In a two-parent family 3,940 2,170 1,770 17.6 20.2 15.3 89,780 48,510 41,265 17.9 19.7 16.1
In a one-parent family 1,790 960 835 8.0 8.9 7.2 35,775 19,560 16,210 7.1 7.9 6.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 3,925 1,685 2,240 17.6 15.7 19.3 89,555 41,640 47,915 17.8 16.9 18.7
Living alone 2,715 1,105 1,605 12.1 10.3 13.8 62,290 27,780 34,505 12.4 11.3 13.5
Living with other relatives7 500 190 305 2.2 1.8 2.6 10,565 4,510 6,055 2.1 1.8 2.4
Living with non-relatives only 715 385 330 3.2 3.6 2.8 16,705 9,350 7,350 3.3 3.8 2.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 9,935 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,255 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 6,365 ... ... 64.1 ... ... 142,615 ... ... 63.9 ... ...
Couple-family households 5,330 ... ... 53.6 ... ... 122,700 ... ... 55.0 ... ...
With children6 2,335 ... ... 23.5 ... ... 50,825 ... ... 22.8 ... ...
Without children 3,000 ... ... 30.2 ... ... 71,875 ... ... 32.2 ... ...
One-parent-family households 1,035 ... ... 10.4 ... ... 19,915 ... ... 8.9 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 215 ... ... 2.2 ... ... 4,405 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 35 ... ... 0.4 ... ... 680 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 235 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 5,150 ... ... 2.3 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 365 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 8,115 ... ... 3.6 ... ...
One-person households 2,710 ... ... 27.3 ... ... 62,290 ... ... 27.9 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 19,525 9,305 10,225 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,960 211,160 222,800 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 18,970 9,005 9,965 97.2 96.8 97.5 420,110 204,470 215,640 96.8 96.8 96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 42,000 46,400 38,400 42,000 46,400 38,400 36,800 42,000 32,400 36,800 42,000 32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 18,975 9,010 9,970 97.2 96.8 97.5 420,245 204,535 215,710 96.8 96.9 96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 37,200 40,400 34,400 37,200 40,400 34,400 33,200 37,200 29,800 33,200 37,200 29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 16,775 8,180 8,590 85.9 87.9 84.0 344,460 173,270 171,185 79.4 82.1 76.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 36,800 41,600 32,400 36,800 41,600 32,400 30,400 36,000 25,800 30,400 36,000 25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 13,580 6,800 6,780 69.6 73.1 66.3 281,445 143,845 137,600 64.9 68.1 61.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 38,400 42,400 35,600 38,400 42,400 35,600 31,600 37,600 27,400 31,600 37,600 27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 15,095 6,760 8,335 77.3 72.6 81.5 348,520 160,975 187,545 80.3 76.2 84.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 12,300 12,600 12,000 12,300 12,600 12,000 14,100 15,400 13,100 14,100 15,400 13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 2,670 1,480 1,195 13.7 15.9 11.7 94,175 52,465 41,710 21.7 24.8 18.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,960 6,240 5,480 5,960 6,240 5,480 9,000 10,700 7,400 9,000 10,700 7,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 4,840 2,450 2,390 24.8 26.3 23.4 108,460 53,620 54,845 25.0 25.4 24.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 19,590 9,325 10,265 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,955 211,180 222,775 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 19,050 9,080 9,975 97.2 97.4 97.2 420,035 204,425 215,615 96.8 96.8 96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 50,560 56,500 45,160 50,560 56,500 45,160 48,440 56,000 41,280 48,440 56,000 41,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 19,055 9,080 9,975 97.3 97.4 97.2 420,205 204,500 215,705 96.8 96.8 96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 41,840 45,880 38,160 41,840 45,880 38,160 40,120 45,280 35,200 40,120 45,280 35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 16,880 8,225 8,655 86.2 88.2 84.3 344,305 172,860 171,440 79.3 81.9 77.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 45,840 52,050 39,960 45,840 52,050 39,960 44,960 52,600 37,240 44,960 52,600 37,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 13,595 6,845 6,750 69.4 73.4 65.8 281,460 143,435 138,025 64.9 67.9 62.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 45,840 51,350 40,240 45,840 51,350 40,240 45,520 52,900 37,840 45,520 52,900 37,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 15,215 6,860 8,360 77.7 73.6 81.4 348,550 160,890 187,660 80.3 76.2 84.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 12,470 12,400 12,530 12,470 12,400 12,530 13,980 14,660 13,400 13,980 14,660 13,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 2,790 1,570 1,225 14.2 16.8 11.9 93,945 52,210 41,730 21.6 24.7 18.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,860 8,130 7,520 7,860 8,130 7,520 10,560 11,390 9,520 10,560 11,390 9,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 4,775 2,505 2,270 24.4 26.9 22.1 107,225 52,880 54,340 24.7 25.0 24.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,910 9,040 8,780 8,910 9,040 8,780 8,510 8,410 8,590 8,510 8,410 8,590
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 19,595 9,330 10,260 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,955 211,180 222,780 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 6,980 3,495 3,485 35.6 37.5 34.0 117,415 58,570 58,845 27.1 27.7 26.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 58,400 65,000 53,600 58,400 65,000 53,600 62,000 71,000 54,400 62,000 71,000 54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 67,900 75,800 60,100 67,900 75,800 60,100 74,100 85,300 63,000 74,100 85,300 63,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 4,880 2,465 2,415 24.9 26.4 23.5 125,435 65,115 60,315 28.9 30.8 27.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 17,200 20,000 15,900 17,200 20,000 15,900 17,000 21,000 14,300 17,000 21,000 14,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 26,120 29,640 22,520 26,120 29,640 22,520 28,280 34,680 21,340 28,280 34,680 21,340
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 80.4 83.4 76.8 80.4 83.4 76.8 76.0 79.4 71.8 76.0 79.4 71.8
Employment income (%)19 64.6 68.6 60.3 64.6 68.6 60.3 63.0 66.2 58.7 63.0 66.2 58.7
Government transfers (%)20 19.7 16.6 23.2 19.7 16.6 23.2 24.0 20.6 28.3 24.0 20.6 28.3
Employment insurance benefits (%) 2.3 2.5 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.0 4.9 5.2 4.5 4.9 5.2 4.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 5.1 4.9 5.3 5.1 4.9 5.3 5.2 4.4 6.3 5.2 4.4 6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5 3.9 5.3 4.5 3.9 5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 19,525 9,300 10,225 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,955 211,165 222,795 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without total income 555 295 260 2.8 3.2 2.5 13,850 6,695 7,160 3.2 3.2 3.2
With total income 18,970 9,010 9,960 97.2 96.9 97.4 420,105 204,470 215,640 96.8 96.8 96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss) 1,150 500 645 6.1 5.5 6.5 33,110 13,365 19,740 7.9 6.5 9.2
$10,000 to $19,999 2,155 780 1,375 11.4 8.7 13.8 58,585 22,825 35,755 13.9 11.2 16.6
$20,000 to $29,999 2,830 1,215 1,610 14.9 13.5 16.2 76,150 33,170 42,985 18.1 16.2 19.9
$30,000 to $39,999 2,805 1,230 1,580 14.8 13.7 15.9 60,370 27,370 33,000 14.4 13.4 15.3
$40,000 to $49,999 2,605 1,235 1,370 13.7 13.7 13.8 49,770 24,100 25,675 11.8 11.8 11.9
$50,000 to $59,999 1,995 920 1,075 10.5 10.2 10.8 35,470 18,230 17,240 8.4 8.9 8.0
$60,000 to $69,999 1,455 755 700 7.7 8.4 7.0 25,270 14,110 11,165 6.0 6.9 5.2
$70,000 to $79,999 1,045 580 465 5.5 6.4 4.7 18,730 11,075 7,655 4.5 5.4 3.5
$80,000 to $89,999 825 455 370 4.3 5.0 3.7 14,360 8,340 6,025 3.4 4.1 2.8
$90,000 to $99,999 585 305 275 3.1 3.4 2.8 12,190 6,490 5,705 2.9 3.2 2.6
$100,000 and over 1,535 1,030 505 8.1 11.4 5.1 36,100 25,390 10,705 8.6 12.4 5.0
$100,000 to $149,999 1,080 670 410 5.7 7.4 4.1 24,300 16,195 8,100 5.8 7.9 3.8
$150,000 and over 450 360 95 2.4 4.0 1.0 11,800 9,195 2,605 2.8 4.5 1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 19,525 9,300 10,225 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,955 211,165 222,795 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without after-tax income 550 290 255 2.8 3.1 2.5 13,715 6,630 7,085 3.2 3.1 3.2
With after-tax income 18,975 9,010 9,965 97.2 96.9 97.5 420,240 204,530 215,710 96.8 96.9 96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss) 1,250 520 730 6.6 5.8 7.3 34,805 13,790 21,020 8.3 6.7 9.7
$10,000 to $19,999 2,230 830 1,400 11.8 9.2 14.0 61,075 23,935 37,140 14.5 11.7 17.2
$20,000 to $29,999 3,495 1,535 1,960 18.4 17.0 19.7 90,885 40,070 50,820 21.6 19.6 23.6
$30,000 to $39,999 3,485 1,565 1,925 18.4 17.4 19.3 70,360 33,440 36,920 16.7 16.3 17.1
$40,000 to $49,999 2,930 1,400 1,530 15.4 15.5 15.4 53,695 27,250 26,445 12.8 13.3 12.3
$50,000 to $59,999 2,010 1,030 975 10.6 11.4 9.8 35,135 19,635 15,505 8.4 9.6 7.2
$60,000 to $69,999 1,275 705 575 6.7 7.8 5.8 23,040 13,290 9,750 5.5 6.5 4.5
$70,000 to $79,999 885 470 420 4.7 5.2 4.2 17,395 9,435 7,955 4.1 4.6 3.7
$80,000 to $89,999 485 285 195 2.6 3.2 2.0 10,510 6,455 4,060 2.5 3.2 1.9
$90,000 to $99,999 280 180 100 1.5 2.0 1.0 6,710 4,575 2,135 1.6 2.2 1.0
$100,000 and over 640 490 150 3.4 5.4 1.5 16,635 12,660 3,975 4.0 6.2 1.8
$100,000 to $124,999 345 260 90 1.8 2.9 0.9 8,830 6,685 2,145 2.1 3.3 1.0
$125,000 and over 295 230 65 1.6 2.6 0.7 7,810 5,975 1,830 1.9 2.9 0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 19,525 9,300 10,225 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,955 211,165 222,795 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without employment income 5,940 2,505 3,440 30.4 26.9 33.6 152,515 67,315 85,200 35.1 31.9 38.2
With employment income 13,585 6,795 6,785 69.6 73.1 66.4 281,440 143,850 137,595 64.9 68.1 61.8
Under $5,000 (including loss) 1,985 900 1,080 14.6 13.2 15.9 43,605 20,650 22,955 15.5 14.4 16.7
$5,000 to $9,999 955 450 510 7.0 6.6 7.5 24,040 10,510 13,535 8.5 7.3 9.8
$10,000 to $19,999 1,475 705 765 10.9 10.4 11.3 39,050 18,065 20,980 13.9 12.6 15.2
$20,000 to $29,999 1,310 625 685 9.6 9.2 10.1 29,510 13,885 15,630 10.5 9.7 11.4
$30,000 to $39,999 1,250 580 670 9.2 8.5 9.9 24,920 11,660 13,255 8.9 8.1 9.6
$40,000 to $49,999 1,460 680 775 10.7 10.0 11.4 23,160 11,130 12,030 8.2 7.7 8.7
$50,000 to $59,999 1,200 530 665 8.8 7.8 9.8 18,900 9,605 9,300 6.7 6.7 6.8
$60,000 to $69,999 910 515 390 6.7 7.6 5.7 15,375 8,650 6,725 5.5 6.0 4.9
$70,000 to $79,999 760 430 335 5.6 6.3 4.9 12,830 7,455 5,375 4.6 5.2 3.9
$80,000 to $89,999 610 325 285 4.5 4.8 4.2 10,865 6,125 4,745 3.9 4.3 3.4
$90,000 to $99,999 490 250 240 3.6 3.7 3.5 10,060 5,140 4,920 3.6 3.6 3.6
$100,000 and over 1,185 805 375 8.7 11.8 5.5 29,120 20,975 8,145 10.3 14.6 5.9
$100,000 to $124,999 580 345 230 4.3 5.1 3.4 13,095 8,420 4,670 4.7 5.9 3.4
$125,000 and over 600 455 150 4.4 6.7 2.2 16,030 12,560 3,470 5.7 8.7 2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 19,525 9,305 10,225 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,960 211,160 222,800 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 18,730 8,880 9,850 95.9 95.4 96.3 413,080 200,885 212,190 95.2 95.1 95.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 40,800 46,000 36,000 40,800 46,000 36,000 35,200 42,400 29,600 35,200 42,400 29,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 18,740 8,880 9,860 96.0 95.4 96.4 413,440 200,925 212,515 95.3 95.2 95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 36,000 40,000 32,400 36,000 40,000 32,400 31,800 37,600 27,200 31,800 37,600 27,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 16,735 8,135 8,600 85.7 87.4 84.1 343,320 172,525 170,795 79.1 81.7 76.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 38,000 43,200 32,800 38,000 43,200 32,800 32,400 39,600 26,800 32,400 39,600 26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 13,815 6,885 6,930 70.8 74.0 67.8 285,685 145,760 139,925 65.8 69.0 62.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 39,600 44,000 34,800 39,600 44,000 34,800 33,600 41,600 27,600 33,600 41,600 27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 13,455 5,865 7,595 68.9 63.0 74.3 317,925 144,350 173,580 73.3 68.4 77.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 8,900 8,900 8,900 8,900 8,900 8,900 11,400 12,900 10,200 11,400 12,900 10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 2,310 1,255 1,050 11.8 13.5 10.3 89,840 50,045 39,800 20.7 23.7 17.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,550 6,550 6,600 6,550 6,550 6,600 9,900 11,100 8,600 9,900 11,100 8,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 19,590 9,325 10,265 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,955 211,180 222,775 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 18,855 8,960 9,890 96.2 96.1 96.3 412,905 200,710 212,195 95.1 95.0 95.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 49,520 56,700 43,000 49,520 56,700 43,000 47,880 56,950 39,320 47,880 56,950 39,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 18,870 8,960 9,910 96.3 96.1 96.5 413,185 200,730 212,455 95.2 95.1 95.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 40,360 45,080 36,120 40,360 45,080 36,120 39,160 45,280 33,360 39,160 45,280 33,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 16,940 8,215 8,715 86.5 88.1 84.9 343,150 172,125 171,020 79.1 81.5 76.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 47,280 55,100 39,880 47,280 55,100 39,880 46,960 56,150 37,720 46,960 56,150 37,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 14,005 7,060 6,945 71.5 75.7 67.7 285,920 145,370 140,550 65.9 68.8 63.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 46,520 53,100 39,800 46,520 53,100 39,800 47,600 56,600 38,280 47,600 56,600 38,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 13,685 5,930 7,750 69.9 63.6 75.5 318,000 144,305 173,695 73.3 68.3 78.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 9,730 9,320 10,040 9,730 9,320 10,040 11,520 12,280 10,890 11,520 12,280 10,890
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 2,420 1,290 1,130 12.4 13.8 11.0 89,750 49,650 40,105 20.7 23.5 18.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 8,340 8,340 8,340 8,340 8,340 8,340 10,810 11,570 9,860 10,810 11,570 9,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 19,595 9,330 10,260 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,955 211,180 222,780 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 6,970 3,490 3,475 35.6 37.4 33.9 116,735 58,240 58,495 26.9 27.6 26.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 56,800 63,600 50,000 56,800 63,600 50,000 59,600 69,000 51,600 59,600 69,000 51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 65,800 74,300 57,350 65,800 74,300 57,350 71,900 83,400 60,550 71,900 83,400 60,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 4,620 2,330 2,285 23.6 25.0 22.3 118,095 61,650 56,445 27.2 29.2 25.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 22,800 26,000 20,200 22,800 26,000 20,200 21,800 28,000 17,400 21,800 28,000 17,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 32,360 38,000 26,600 32,360 38,000 26,600 35,600 44,720 25,680 35,600 44,720 25,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 85.8 89.2 81.8 85.8 89.2 81.8 81.4 84.4 77.4 81.4 84.4 77.4
Employment income (%) 69.8 73.8 65.0 69.8 73.8 65.0 68.8 72.0 64.6 68.8 72.0 64.6
Government transfers (%) 14.3 10.9 18.3 14.3 10.9 18.3 18.5 15.5 22.7 18.5 15.5 22.7
Employment insurance benefits (%) 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 4.9 5.0 4.7 4.9 5.0 4.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 9,930 ... ... ... ... ... 223,250 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 81,000 ... ... 81,000 ... ... 71,500 ... ... 71,500 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 70,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 63,200 ... ... 63,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 2,710 ... ... ... ... ... 62,290 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 40,000 ... ... 40,000 ... ... 33,200 ... ... 33,200 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 35,600 ... ... 35,600 ... ... 30,400 ... ... 30,400 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 7,215 ... ... ... ... ... 160,965 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 100,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 85,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ... 78,500 ... ... 78,500 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 9,935 ... ... ... ... ... 223,250 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 97,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 91,100 ... ... 91,100 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 80,300 ... ... 80,300 ... ... 75,500 ... ... 75,500 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 2,715 ... ... ... ... ... 62,255 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 47,480 ... ... 47,480 ... ... 44,600 ... ... 44,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 40,200 ... ... 40,200 ... ... 37,720 ... ... 37,720 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 7,215 ... ... ... ... ... 161,000 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 115,600 ... ... 115,600 ... ... 109,100 ... ... 109,100 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 95,400 ... ... 95,400 ... ... 90,100 ... ... 90,100 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 9,930 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 40 ... ... 0.4 ... ... 1,205 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 50 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 1,940 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 145 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 3,955 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 145 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 4,225 ... ... 1.9 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 340 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 13,545 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 330 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 8,965 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 365 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 11,210 ... ... 5.0 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 425 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 11,940 ... ... 5.3 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 415 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 9,905 ... ... 4.4 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 375 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 9,105 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 775 ... ... 7.8 ... ... 17,255 ... ... 7.7 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 765 ... ... 7.7 ... ... 15,890 ... ... 7.1 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 730 ... ... 7.4 ... ... 14,840 ... ... 6.6 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 675 ... ... 6.8 ... ... 13,500 ... ... 6.0 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 600 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 11,845 ... ... 5.3 ... ...
$100,000 and over 3,755 ... ... 37.8 ... ... 73,915 ... ... 33.1 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 1,245 ... ... 12.5 ... ... 23,090 ... ... 10.3 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 840 ... ... 8.5 ... ... 16,110 ... ... 7.2 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 955 ... ... 9.6 ... ... 19,040 ... ... 8.5 ... ...
$200,000 and over 715 ... ... 7.2 ... ... 15,670 ... ... 7.0 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 9,930 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 45 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 1,325 ... ... 0.6 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 55 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 1,990 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 145 ... ... 1.5 ... ... 4,010 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 155 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 4,420 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 390 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 14,530 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 415 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 10,570 ... ... 4.7 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 450 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 12,420 ... ... 5.6 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 485 ... ... 4.9 ... ... 13,505 ... ... 6.0 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 490 ... ... 4.9 ... ... 11,555 ... ... 5.2 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 465 ... ... 4.7 ... ... 10,590 ... ... 4.7 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 935 ... ... 9.4 ... ... 20,725 ... ... 9.3 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 930 ... ... 9.4 ... ... 19,100 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 825 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 17,215 ... ... 7.7 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 830 ... ... 8.4 ... ... 14,690 ... ... 6.6 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 600 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 12,220 ... ... 5.5 ... ...
$100,000 and over 2,730 ... ... 27.5 ... ... 54,400 ... ... 24.4 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 1,150 ... ... 11.6 ... ... 22,095 ... ... 9.9 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 680 ... ... 6.8 ... ... 13,900 ... ... 6.2 ... ...
$150,000 and over 900 ... ... 9.1 ... ... 18,400 ... ... 8.2 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 6,950 ... ... ... ... ... 155,065 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 100,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 85,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ... 78,000 ... ... 78,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 3,010 ... ... ... ... ... 72,470 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 90,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 76,500 ... ... 76,500 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 77,500 ... ... 77,500 ... ... 67,000 ... ... 67,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 2,540 ... ... ... ... ... 55,360 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 134,000 ... ... 134,000 ... ... 131,000 ... ... 131,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 113,000 ... ... 113,000 ... ... 110,000 ... ... 110,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 3.7 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 1,185 ... ... ... ... ... 22,810 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 65,000 ... ... 65,000 ... ... 57,600 ... ... 57,600 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 58,800 ... ... 58,800 ... ... 53,600 ... ... 53,600 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 3,425 1,490 1,935 ... ... ... 78,990 37,135 41,860 ... ... ...
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 38,800 40,400 38,000 38,800 40,400 38,000 32,400 34,400 30,400 32,400 34,400 30,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 34,800 36,000 34,400 34,800 36,000 34,400 29,600 31,200 28,600 29,600 31,200 28,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 6,970 ... ... ... ... ... 155,085 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 115,500 ... ... 115,500 ... ... 109,400 ... ... 109,400 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 95,100 ... ... 95,100 ... ... 90,200 ... ... 90,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 3,050 ... ... ... ... ... 72,460 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 104,100 ... ... 104,100 ... ... 92,100 ... ... 92,100 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 85,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ... 76,600 ... ... 76,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 2,540 ... ... ... ... ... 55,455 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 148,600 ... ... 148,600 ... ... 149,400 ... ... 149,400 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 121,300 ... ... 121,300 ... ... 120,200 ... ... 120,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 1,160 ... ... ... ... ... 22,715 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 74,400 ... ... 74,400 ... ... 68,800 ... ... 68,800 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 64,800 ... ... 64,800 ... ... 60,550 ... ... 60,550 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 3,410 1,485 1,920 ... ... ... 79,130 36,820 42,310 ... ... ...
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 46,320 50,200 43,360 46,320 50,200 43,360 42,640 45,800 39,880 42,640 45,800 39,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 39,360 41,720 37,520 39,360 41,720 37,520 36,280 38,160 34,640 36,280 38,160 34,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 22,355 10,765 11,595 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,100 246,180 255,920 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 3,425 1,765 1,655 15.3 16.4 14.3 83,475 43,000 40,475 16.6 17.5 15.8
0 to 5 years 1,035 535 500 4.6 5.0 4.3 23,495 12,075 11,420 4.7 4.9 4.5
18 to 64 years 14,150 6,810 7,340 63.3 63.3 63.3 303,880 148,535 155,345 60.5 60.3 60.7
65 years and over 4,785 2,185 2,600 21.4 20.3 22.4 114,740 54,650 60,100 22.9 22.2 23.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 2,170 905 1,265 ... ... ... 76,355 34,610 41,745 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 500 245 250 ... ... ... 12,860 6,710 6,160 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 145 65 75 ... ... ... 4,075 2,150 1,930 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 1,145 500 650 ... ... ... 34,385 15,670 18,715 ... ... ...
65 years and over 525 160 360 ... ... ... 29,105 12,230 16,875 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 9.7 8.4 10.9 9.7 8.4 10.9 15.2 14.1 16.3 15.2 14.1 16.3
0 to 17 years (%) 14.5 14.0 15.1 14.5 14.0 15.1 15.4 15.6 15.2 15.4 15.6 15.2
0 to 5 years (%) 13.8 12.8 15.2 13.8 12.8 15.2 17.3 17.8 16.9 17.3 17.8 16.9
18 to 64 years (%) 8.1 7.3 8.9 8.1 7.3 8.9 11.3 10.6 12.1 11.3 10.6 12.1
65 years and over (%) 11.0 7.5 13.9 11.0 7.5 13.9 25.4 22.4 28.1 25.4 22.4 28.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 22,360 10,760 11,595 100.0 100.0 100.0 499,080 244,690 254,385 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 3,425 1,770 1,655 15.3 16.4 14.3 82,500 42,530 39,975 16.5 17.4 15.7
0 to 5 years 1,040 540 500 4.7 5.0 4.3 23,165 11,925 11,240 4.6 4.9 4.4
18 to 64 years 14,150 6,810 7,340 63.3 63.3 63.3 302,020 147,620 154,400 60.5 60.3 60.7
65 years and over 4,785 2,185 2,595 21.4 20.3 22.4 114,555 54,540 60,015 23.0 22.3 23.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 775 340 435 ... ... ... 18,330 9,235 9,095 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 150 70 80 ... ... ... 2,780 1,460 1,325 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 50 25 25 ... ... ... 880 460 420 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 575 255 320 ... ... ... 14,335 7,315 7,020 ... ... ...
65 years and over 45 15 35 ... ... ... 1,210 460 750 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 3.5 3.2 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.6
0 to 17 years (%) 4.4 3.9 4.9 4.4 3.9 4.9 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3
0 to 5 years (%) 4.6 4.0 5.2 4.6 4.0 5.2 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.7
18 to 64 years (%) 4.1 3.8 4.3 4.1 3.8 4.3 4.8 5.0 4.6 4.8 5.0 4.6
65 years and over (%) 1.0 0.5 1.4 1.0 0.5 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 22,355 10,765 11,595 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,100 246,180 255,920 100.0 100.0 100.0
In bottom half of the distribution 11,330 5,225 6,110 50.7 48.5 52.7 285,935 136,320 149,615 56.9 55.4 58.5
In bottom decile 1,820 780 1,035 8.1 7.2 8.9 60,890 28,000 32,890 12.1 11.4 12.9
In second decile 2,225 985 1,240 10.0 9.2 10.7 66,785 30,990 35,795 13.3 12.6 14.0
In third decile 2,290 1,055 1,230 10.2 9.8 10.6 56,155 27,020 29,135 11.2 11.0 11.4
In fourth decile 2,485 1,185 1,305 11.1 11.0 11.3 52,920 25,880 27,040 10.5 10.5 10.6
In fifth decile 2,510 1,215 1,295 11.2 11.3 11.2 49,185 24,430 24,750 9.8 9.9 9.7
In top half of the distribution 11,025 5,535 5,490 49.3 51.4 47.3 216,160 109,860 106,305 43.1 44.6 41.5
In sixth decile 2,395 1,185 1,210 10.7 11.0 10.4 48,170 24,170 24,000 9.6 9.8 9.4
In seventh decile 2,595 1,320 1,280 11.6 12.3 11.0 46,145 23,345 22,800 9.2 9.5 8.9
In eighth decile 2,205 1,100 1,105 9.9 10.2 9.5 44,630 22,560 22,065 8.9 9.2 8.6
In ninth decile 2,195 1,110 1,080 9.8 10.3 9.3 42,135 21,590 20,550 8.4 8.8 8.0
In top decile 1,630 820 815 7.3 7.6 7.0 35,080 18,190 16,890 7.0 7.4 6.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 22,360 ... ... 22,360 ... ... 502,095 ... ... 502,095 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.304 ... ... 0.304 ... ... 0.338 ... ... 0.338 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.420 ... ... 0.420 ... ... 0.495 ... ... 0.495 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.263 ... ... 0.263 ... ... 0.290 ... ... 0.290 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 3.4 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 22,420 10,775 11,645 100.0 100.0 100.0 504,805 247,400 257,410 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 21,115 10,255 10,860 94.2 95.2 93.3 477,900 236,245 241,655 94.7 95.5 93.9
French only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 60 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and French 1,280 500 780 5.7 4.6 6.7 25,945 10,665 15,280 5.1 4.3 5.9
Neither English nor French 25 20 5 0.1 0.2 0.0 830 425 405 0.2 0.2 0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 22,420 10,775 11,645 100.0 100.0 100.0 504,805 247,400 257,410 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 22,340 10,720 11,620 99.6 99.5 99.8 501,645 245,775 255,865 99.4 99.3 99.4
French 60 35 20 0.3 0.3 0.2 2,110 1,110 1,005 0.4 0.4 0.4
English and French 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 345 165 180 0.1 0.1 0.1
Neither English nor French 20 15 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 705 345 360 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 22,420 10,775 11,645 100.0 100.0 100.0 504,805 247,400 257,410 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 22,295 10,720 11,575 99.4 99.5 99.4 501,425 245,740 255,690 99.3 99.3 99.3
Official languages 21,980 10,565 11,415 98.0 98.1 98.0 488,775 239,145 249,625 96.8 96.7 97.0
English 21,920 10,530 11,395 97.8 97.7 97.9 486,560 238,020 248,540 96.4 96.2 96.6
French 60 40 25 0.3 0.4 0.2 2,215 1,130 1,085 0.4 0.5 0.4
Non-official languages 310 155 160 1.4 1.4 1.4 12,655 6,595 6,065 2.5 2.7 2.4
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,835 860 980 0.4 0.3 0.4
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,580 745 840 0.3 0.3 0.3
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,580 740 840 0.3 0.3 0.3
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,575 740 830 0.3 0.3 0.3
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 115 135 0.0 0.0 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 115 135 0.0 0.0 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 315 155 155 1.4 1.4 1.3 10,820 5,735 5,085 2.1 2.3 2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,845 1,025 820 0.4 0.4 0.3
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,775 985 790 0.4 0.4 0.3
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,565 885 675 0.3 0.4 0.3
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 80 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 60 25 30 0.3 0.2 0.3 1,365 570 800 0.3 0.2 0.3
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 50 25 25 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,185 500 685 0.2 0.2 0.3
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 205 155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 85 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 75 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 140 80 60 0.6 0.7 0.5 4,845 2,740 2,100 1.0 1.1 0.8
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 500 250 250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 495 245 245 0.1 0.1 0.1
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 105 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 25 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 630 370 255 0.1 0.1 0.1
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 15 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.0 310 170 140 0.1 0.1 0.1
German 15 10 5 0.1 0.1 0.0 295 160 135 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 105 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 90 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 45 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 35 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 45 25 25 0.2 0.2 0.2 2,595 1,545 1,050 0.5 0.6 0.4
Indo-Aryan languages 35 15 20 0.2 0.1 0.2 2,130 1,295 830 0.4 0.5 0.3
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 595 380 215 0.1 0.2 0.1
Gujarati 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 105 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 155 100 0.1 0.1 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 15 5 10 0.1 0.0 0.1 625 355 265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 75 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 155 110 0.1 0.1 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 250 220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 205 185 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 345 180 160 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 45 30 15 0.2 0.3 0.1 995 510 485 0.2 0.2 0.2
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 60 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 120 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 30 20 10 0.1 0.2 0.1 640 305 330 0.1 0.1 0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 35 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 435 235 200 0.1 0.1 0.1
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 70 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 65 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 55 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 40 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,260 625 635 0.2 0.3 0.2
Chinese languages 40 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,235 610 625 0.2 0.2 0.2
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 825 405 425 0.2 0.2 0.2
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 10 10 5 0.0 0.1 0.0 315 160 155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 55 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 25 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 120 55 70 0.5 0.5 0.6 3,375 1,660 1,720 0.7 0.7 0.7
English and French 50 20 30 0.2 0.2 0.3 1,020 455 565 0.2 0.2 0.2
English and non-official language(s) 65 30 35 0.3 0.3 0.3 2,085 1,075 1,015 0.4 0.4 0.4
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 75 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 22,420 10,775 11,645 100.0 100.0 100.0 504,805 247,400 257,410 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 21,960 10,545 11,420 97.9 97.9 98.1 487,420 238,710 248,710 96.6 96.5 96.6
French 10 10 5 0.0 0.1 0.0 585 285 295 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-official language 65 40 25 0.3 0.4 0.2 3,615 1,895 1,725 0.7 0.8 0.7
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 830 395 440 0.2 0.2 0.2
Non-Indigenous 65 40 25 0.3 0.4 0.2 2,785 1,495 1,285 0.6 0.6 0.5
English and French 90 50 45 0.4 0.5 0.4 2,615 1,140 1,480 0.5 0.5 0.6
English and non-official language(s) 265 125 140 1.2 1.2 1.2 9,845 4,995 4,845 2.0 2.0 1.9
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 15 15 5 0.1 0.1 0.0 465 235 225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 120 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 22,420 10,775 11,645 100.0 100.0 100.0 504,805 247,400 257,410 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 22,355 10,745 11,610 99.7 99.7 99.7 502,230 246,140 256,090 99.5 99.5 99.5
Official languages 22,210 10,665 11,545 99.1 99.0 99.1 495,005 242,370 252,635 98.1 98.0 98.1
English 22,190 10,655 11,535 99.0 98.9 99.1 494,120 241,935 252,185 97.9 97.8 98.0
French 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 880 435 450 0.2 0.2 0.2
Non-official languages 150 80 70 0.7 0.7 0.6 7,230 3,770 3,460 1.4 1.5 1.3
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,350 670 680 0.3 0.3 0.3
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,305 650 655 0.3 0.3 0.3
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,305 650 655 0.3 0.3 0.3
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,305 650 655 0.3 0.3 0.3
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 150 80 70 0.7 0.7 0.6 5,880 3,100 2,775 1.2 1.3 1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,175 605 570 0.2 0.2 0.2
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,130 585 545 0.2 0.2 0.2
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,005 530 475 0.2 0.2 0.2
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 45 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.2 715 320 390 0.1 0.1 0.2
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 35 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.2 650 290 360 0.1 0.1 0.1
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 95 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 55 35 20 0.2 0.3 0.2 2,390 1,315 1,070 0.5 0.5 0.4
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 95 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 90 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,655 945 710 0.3 0.4 0.3
Indo-Aryan languages 20 5 10 0.1 0.0 0.1 1,295 750 540 0.3 0.3 0.2
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 200 135 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 60 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 70 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 455 255 200 0.1 0.1 0.1
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 95 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 190 170 0.1 0.1 0.1
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 155 145 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 135 130 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 20 15 5 0.1 0.1 0.0 400 205 200 0.1 0.1 0.1
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 20 15 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 300 150 150 0.1 0.1 0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 130 90 0.0 0.1 0.0
American Sign Language 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 110 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 790 405 380 0.2 0.2 0.1
Chinese languages 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 770 400 375 0.2 0.2 0.1
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 10 10 5 0.0 0.1 0.0 550 280 265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 80 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 65 30 35 0.3 0.3 0.3 2,575 1,260 1,315 0.5 0.5 0.5
English and French 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 175 185 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and non-official language(s) 45 20 25 0.2 0.2 0.2 2,135 1,040 1,095 0.4 0.4 0.4
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 22,420 10,775 11,645 100.0 100.0 100.0 504,805 247,400 257,405 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 22,090 10,615 11,480 98.5 98.5 98.6 493,860 241,975 251,880 97.8 97.8 97.9
English 80 35 45 0.4 0.3 0.4 3,235 1,675 1,565 0.6 0.7 0.6
French 80 40 45 0.4 0.4 0.4 2,100 890 1,210 0.4 0.4 0.5
Non-official language 135 70 65 0.6 0.6 0.6 4,310 2,165 2,150 0.9 0.9 0.8
Indigenous39 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 205 300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 130 65 65 0.6 0.6 0.6 3,810 1,965 1,845 0.8 0.8 0.7
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 385 205 180 0.1 0.1 0.1
French and non-official language(s) 10 10 5 0.0 0.1 0.0 235 115 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 15 5 10 0.1 0.0 0.1 605 335 265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 22,355 10,775 11,585 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,095 246,190 255,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 22,325 10,740 11,585 99.9 99.7 100.0 501,305 245,765 255,545 99.8 99.8 99.9
English 22,325 10,740 11,585 99.9 99.7 100.0 501,135 245,680 255,455 99.8 99.8 99.8
French 1,270 490 770 5.7 4.5 6.6 26,135 10,780 15,355 5.2 4.4 6.0
Non-official languages 595 305 285 2.7 2.8 2.5 20,910 10,660 10,250 4.2 4.3 4.0
Indigenous languages39 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 2,670 1,225 1,445 0.5 0.5 0.6
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,025 950 1,075 0.4 0.4 0.4
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,945 910 1,035 0.4 0.4 0.4
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,930 900 1,025 0.4 0.4 0.4
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 625 260 365 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 620 260 360 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 580 295 280 2.6 2.7 2.4 18,305 9,470 8,840 3.6 3.8 3.5
Afro-Asiatic languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,620 1,510 1,110 0.5 0.6 0.4
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,550 1,470 1,085 0.5 0.6 0.4
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,200 1,275 915 0.4 0.5 0.4
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 135 90 0.0 0.1 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 105 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 100 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 95 25 65 0.4 0.2 0.6 2,070 890 1,175 0.4 0.4 0.5
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 20 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 60 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 90 25 65 0.4 0.2 0.6 1,810 755 1,055 0.4 0.3 0.4
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 65 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 100 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 45 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 295 250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 135 115 0.0 0.1 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 150 155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 65 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 300 175 125 1.3 1.6 1.1 9,250 4,935 4,310 1.8 2.0 1.7
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 965 505 460 0.2 0.2 0.2
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 955 505 455 0.2 0.2 0.2
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 60 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 295 250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 85 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 25 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 45 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 35 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 100 55 45 0.4 0.5 0.4 1,645 895 750 0.3 0.4 0.3
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 65 40 30 0.3 0.4 0.3 1,090 590 500 0.2 0.2 0.2
German 65 40 30 0.3 0.4 0.3 1,075 580 500 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 325 160 165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 220 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 305 210 95 0.1 0.1 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 80 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 110 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 60 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 50 20 25 0.2 0.2 0.2 3,855 2,240 1,610 0.8 0.9 0.6
Indo-Aryan languages 30 15 20 0.1 0.1 0.2 3,280 1,965 1,315 0.7 0.8 0.5
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 875 520 355 0.2 0.2 0.1
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 215 40 0.1 0.1 0.0
Hindi 20 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,565 1,040 525 0.3 0.4 0.2
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 620 415 0.2 0.3 0.2
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 95 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 550 285 265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 590 285 305 0.1 0.1 0.1
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 60 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 515 245 270 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 445 220 225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 150 95 60 0.7 0.9 0.5 3,005 1,415 1,580 0.6 0.6 0.6
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 30 25 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 495 275 220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Portuguese 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 480 245 240 0.1 0.1 0.1
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 100 60 45 0.4 0.6 0.4 2,085 940 1,140 0.4 0.4 0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 100 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 225 90 135 0.0 0.0 0.1
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 25 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,200 655 545 0.2 0.3 0.2
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 80 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 115 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 120 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 65 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 160 135 0.1 0.1 0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1 230 110 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 30 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 70 30 35 0.3 0.3 0.3 965 410 560 0.2 0.2 0.2
American Sign Language 65 30 35 0.3 0.3 0.3 875 370 505 0.2 0.2 0.2
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 50 35 20 0.2 0.3 0.2 1,575 840 730 0.3 0.3 0.3
Chinese languages 50 35 20 0.2 0.3 0.2 1,525 815 715 0.3 0.3 0.3
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 35 25 15 0.2 0.2 0.1 1,170 620 550 0.2 0.3 0.2
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 395 205 190 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 25 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 25 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 20 15 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 215 110 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 20 15 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 135 80 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 55 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 22,360 10,770 11,585 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,100 246,190 255,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous identity45 655 310 350 2.9 2.9 3.0 46,545 22,520 24,030 9.3 9.1 9.4
Single Indigenous responses46 615 295 320 2.8 2.7 2.8 43,095 20,845 22,250 8.6 8.5 8.7
First Nations (North American Indian) 395 195 200 1.8 1.8 1.7 28,435 13,660 14,775 5.7 5.5 5.8
Métis 130 45 85 0.6 0.4 0.7 7,335 3,595 3,735 1.5 1.5 1.5
Inuk (Inuit) 95 55 35 0.4 0.5 0.3 7,330 3,595 3,740 1.5 1.5 1.5
Multiple Indigenous responses47 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1 685 325 365 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 25 0 20 0.1 0.0 0.2 2,765 1,350 1,415 0.6 0.5 0.6
Non-Indigenous identity 21,700 10,465 11,235 97.0 97.2 97.0 455,550 223,675 231,880 90.7 90.9 90.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 22,360 10,770 11,585 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,100 246,190 255,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian49 220 130 95 1.0 1.2 0.8 22,720 10,895 11,825 4.5 4.4 4.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 22,140 10,645 11,490 99.0 98.8 99.2 479,375 235,290 244,080 95.5 95.6 95.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 9,930 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Owner 7,050 ... ... 71.0 ... ... 169,010 ... ... 75.7 ... ...
Renter 2,880 ... ... 29.0 ... ... 53,680 ... ... 24.0 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 560 ... ... 0.3 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 9,930 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Condominium 425 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 5,525 ... ... 2.5 ... ...
Not condominium 9,505 ... ... 95.7 ... ... 217,725 ... ... 97.5 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 9,930 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
No bedrooms 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 410 ... ... 0.2 ... ...
1 bedroom 780 ... ... 7.9 ... ... 13,045 ... ... 5.8 ... ...
2 bedrooms 1,795 ... ... 18.1 ... ... 53,000 ... ... 23.7 ... ...
3 bedrooms 4,615 ... ... 46.5 ... ... 102,545 ... ... 45.9 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 2,740 ... ... 27.6 ... ... 54,255 ... ... 24.3 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 9,930 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 1,690 ... ... 17.0 ... ... 37,615 ... ... 16.8 ... ...
5 rooms 1,205 ... ... 12.1 ... ... 35,320 ... ... 15.8 ... ...
6 rooms 1,400 ... ... 14.1 ... ... 39,350 ... ... 17.6 ... ...
7 rooms 1,540 ... ... 15.5 ... ... 33,515 ... ... 15.0 ... ...
8 or more rooms 4,105 ... ... 41.3 ... ... 77,445 ... ... 34.7 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 7.1 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 6.8 ... ... 6.8 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 9,930 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 9,920 ... ... 99.9 ... ... 222,260 ... ... 99.6 ... ...
More than one person per room 10 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 990 ... ... 0.4 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 9,930 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Suitable 9,770 ... ... 98.4 ... ... 219,400 ... ... 98.3 ... ...
Not suitable 160 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 3,850 ... ... 1.7 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 9,930 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1960 or before 675 ... ... 6.8 ... ... 40,635 ... ... 18.2 ... ...
1961 to 1980 3,790 ... ... 38.2 ... ... 71,180 ... ... 31.9 ... ...
1981 to 1990 2,205 ... ... 22.2 ... ... 33,065 ... ... 14.8 ... ...
1991 to 2000 1,765 ... ... 17.8 ... ... 26,115 ... ... 11.7 ... ...
2001 to 2005 420 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 12,130 ... ... 5.4 ... ...
2006 to 2010 325 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 14,825 ... ... 6.6 ... ...
2011 to 2015 435 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 15,980 ... ... 7.2 ... ...
2016 to 202157 315 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 9,330 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 9,930 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 9,560 ... ... 96.3 ... ... 211,050 ... ... 94.5 ... ...
Major repairs needed 370 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 12,205 ... ... 5.5 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 9,930 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-maintainer household 4,660 ... ... 46.9 ... ... 115,610 ... ... 51.8 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 4,965 ... ... 50.0 ... ... 101,755 ... ... 45.6 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 300 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 5,885 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 9,930 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
15 to 24 years 215 ... ... 2.2 ... ... 5,700 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
25 to 34 years 1,245 ... ... 12.5 ... ... 24,175 ... ... 10.8 ... ...
35 to 44 years 1,570 ... ... 15.8 ... ... 31,955 ... ... 14.3 ... ...
45 to 54 years 1,690 ... ... 17.0 ... ... 39,720 ... ... 17.8 ... ...
55 to 64 years 2,230 ... ... 22.5 ... ... 48,335 ... ... 21.7 ... ...
65 to 74 years 1,855 ... ... 18.7 ... ... 44,755 ... ... 20.0 ... ...
75 to 84 years 910 ... ... 9.2 ... ... 22,715 ... ... 10.2 ... ...
85 years and over 215 ... ... 2.2 ... ... 5,900 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 9,920 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 221,825 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 8,060 ... ... 81.3 ... ... 189,435 ... ... 85.4 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 1,860 ... ... 18.8 ... ... 32,390 ... ... 14.6 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 1,790 ... ... 18.0 ... ... 30,070 ... ... 13.6 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 9,930 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 223,250 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 2,235 ... ... 22.5 ... ... 45,625 ... ... 20.4 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 1,710 ... ... 17.2 ... ... 29,865 ... ... 13.4 ... ...
Not suitable only 120 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 3,260 ... ... 1.5 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 260 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 9,710 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 35 ... ... 0.4 ... ... 290 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 110 ... ... 1.1 ... ... 2,195 ... ... 1.0 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 260 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 40 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Acceptable housing 7,695 ... ... 77.5 ... ... 177,630 ... ... 79.6 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 9,845 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 219,505 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
In core need 990 ... ... 10.1 ... ... 17,525 ... ... 8.0 ... ...
Not in core need 8,860 ... ... 90.0 ... ... 201,980 ... ... 92.0 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 7,050 ... ... ... ... ... 168,660 ... ... ... ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 61.6 ... ... 61.6 ... ... 47.4 ... ... 47.4 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 12.6 ... ... 12.6 ... ... 8.9 ... ... 8.9 ... ...
% in core housing need63 3.6 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,240 ... ... 1,240 ... ... 750 ... ... 750 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,300 ... ... 1,300 ... ... 1,014 ... ... 1,014 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 290,000 ... ... 290,000 ... ... 240,000 ... ... 240,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 296,800 ... ... 296,800 ... ... 246,800 ... ... 246,800 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 2,885 ... ... ... ... ... 53,615 ... ... ... ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 15.6 ... ... 15.6 ... ... 19.6 ... ... 19.6 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 33.6 ... ... 33.6 ... ... 32.5 ... ... 32.5 ... ...
% in core housing need63 26.2 ... ... 26.2 ... ... 20.8 ... ... 20.8 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 900 ... ... 900 ... ... 870 ... ... 870 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 949 ... ... 949 ... ... 903 ... ... 903 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... ... ... ... 560 ... ... ... ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... 168 ... ... 168 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... 242 ... ... 242 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 22,355 10,770 11,585 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,100 246,190 255,910 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 425 175 250 1.9 1.6 2.2 31,845 15,325 16,520 6.3 6.2 6.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 420 170 250 1.9 1.6 2.2 30,850 14,800 16,050 6.1 6.0 6.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 315 135 175 1.4 1.3 1.5 22,040 10,555 11,485 4.4 4.3 4.5
Métis single ancestry 35 10 20 0.2 0.1 0.2 3,175 1,545 1,630 0.6 0.6 0.6
Inuit single ancestry 75 25 45 0.3 0.2 0.4 5,635 2,695 2,940 1.1 1.1 1.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 990 525 465 0.2 0.2 0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 100 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 130 130 0.1 0.1 0.1
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 445 250 195 0.1 0.1 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 810 385 425 3.6 3.6 3.7 26,945 13,065 13,880 5.4 5.3 5.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 755 370 380 3.4 3.4 3.3 25,980 12,635 13,345 5.2 5.1 5.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 525 275 255 2.3 2.6 2.2 20,635 10,125 10,510 4.1 4.1 4.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 80 25 50 0.4 0.2 0.4 2,235 1,040 1,200 0.4 0.4 0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 145 70 75 0.6 0.6 0.6 3,110 1,475 1,635 0.6 0.6 0.6
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 50 15 40 0.2 0.1 0.3 970 430 535 0.2 0.2 0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 15 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.1 270 145 125 0.1 0.1 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 25 10 20 0.1 0.1 0.2 395 155 240 0.1 0.1 0.1
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 100 130 0.0 0.0 0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 21,125 10,210 10,915 94.5 94.8 94.2 443,310 217,795 225,510 88.3 88.5 88.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 22,355 10,770 11,585 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,095 246,190 255,910 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian citizens77 22,050 10,595 11,455 98.6 98.4 98.9 490,860 240,100 250,755 97.8 97.5 98.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18 3,315 1,675 1,640 14.8 15.6 14.2 82,250 42,485 39,765 16.4 17.3 15.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 18,735 8,915 9,815 83.8 82.8 84.7 408,605 197,615 210,995 81.4 80.3 82.4
Not Canadian citizens78 310 175 130 1.4 1.6 1.1 11,240 6,090 5,150 2.2 2.5 2.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 22,355 10,770 11,585 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,095 246,190 255,910 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-immigrants80 21,740 10,425 11,315 97.2 96.8 97.7 482,615 236,005 246,610 96.1 95.9 96.4
Immigrants81 510 280 230 2.3 2.6 2.0 14,250 7,235 7,010 2.8 2.9 2.7
Before 1980 140 85 55 0.6 0.8 0.5 3,335 1,590 1,740 0.7 0.6 0.7
1980 to 1990 50 45 10 0.2 0.4 0.1 890 540 350 0.2 0.2 0.1
1991 to 2000 30 10 25 0.1 0.1 0.2 1,020 545 475 0.2 0.2 0.2
2001 to 2010 85 50 40 0.4 0.5 0.3 2,435 1,265 1,175 0.5 0.5 0.5
2011 to 202182 200 95 105 0.9 0.9 0.9 6,570 3,300 3,265 1.3 1.3 1.3
2011 to 2015 65 35 25 0.3 0.3 0.2 2,300 1,200 1,100 0.5 0.5 0.4
2016 to 2021 140 60 80 0.6 0.6 0.7 4,265 2,100 2,170 0.8 0.9 0.8
Non-permanent residents83 105 65 40 0.5 0.6 0.3 5,235 2,955 2,285 1.0 1.2 0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 510 280 230 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,250 7,240 7,010 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years 40 20 15 7.8 7.1 6.5 1,700 820 875 11.9 11.3 12.5
5 to 14 years 55 25 25 10.8 8.9 10.9 2,470 1,245 1,220 17.3 17.2 17.4
15 to 24 years 95 55 45 18.6 19.6 19.6 2,335 1,200 1,135 16.4 16.6 16.2
25 to 44 years 260 145 115 51.0 51.8 50.0 6,640 3,355 3,285 46.6 46.3 46.9
45 years and over 55 30 20 10.8 10.7 8.7 1,110 615 490 7.8 8.5 7.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 510 280 230 100.0 100.0 100.0 14,250 7,240 7,010 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 130 85 40 25.5 30.4 17.4 2,345 1,110 1,235 16.5 15.3 17.6
Brazil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 50 0.6 0.6 0.7
Colombia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 70 75 1.0 1.0 1.1
El Salvador 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 20 0.2 0.2 0.3
Guyana 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0
Jamaica 35 15 15 6.9 5.4 6.5 220 100 125 1.5 1.4 1.8
Mexico 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
Peru 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.2
Trinidad and Tobago 10 0 0 2.0 0.0 0.0 65 25 35 0.5 0.3 0.5
United States of America 60 40 25 11.8 14.3 10.9 1,390 695 690 9.8 9.6 9.8
Other places of birth in Americas 10 0 0 2.0 0.0 0.0 325 130 200 2.3 1.8 2.9
Europe 150 100 45 29.4 35.7 19.6 4,290 2,340 1,945 30.1 32.3 27.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 10 0.3 0.3 0.1
Croatia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.3 0.3 0.3
France 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 85 105 1.3 1.2 1.5
Germany 25 20 10 4.9 7.1 4.3 245 150 95 1.7 2.1 1.4
Greece 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 0 0.2 0.2 0.0
Hungary 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2
Italy 10 10 0 2.0 3.6 0.0 95 55 40 0.7 0.8 0.6
Netherlands 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 60 40 0.7 0.8 0.6
Poland 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 40 25 0.4 0.6 0.4
Portugal 10 0 0 2.0 0.0 0.0 80 35 45 0.6 0.5 0.6
Romania 10 0 10 2.0 0.0 4.3 100 45 55 0.7 0.6 0.8
Russian Federation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 60 70 0.9 0.8 1.0
Serbia86 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1
Ukraine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 25 50 0.5 0.3 0.7
United Kingdom87 65 40 20 12.7 14.3 8.7 2,300 1,235 1,070 16.1 17.1 15.3
Other places of birth in Europe 25 20 0 4.9 7.1 0.0 780 475 305 5.5 6.6 4.4
Africa 30 20 15 5.9 7.1 6.5 1,895 1,065 835 13.3 14.7 11.9
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.6 0.6 0.6
Egypt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 145 60 1.4 2.0 0.9
Eritrea 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 95 60 1.1 1.3 0.9
Ethiopia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 35 0.5 0.6 0.5
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.1 0.2 0.1
Nigeria 15 15 0 2.9 5.4 0.0 455 260 200 3.2 3.6 2.9
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.1 0.2 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 95 85 1.3 1.3 1.2
Other places of birth in Africa 10 0 0 2.0 0.0 0.0 675 345 325 4.7 4.8 4.6
Asia 190 65 125 37.3 23.2 54.3 5,590 2,680 2,910 39.2 37.0 41.5
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iran88 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 70 70 1.0 1.0 1.0
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 95 90 1.3 1.3 1.3
Lebanon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 30 0.6 0.6 0.4
Syria89 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 245 240 3.4 3.4 3.4
Turkey 20 10 0 3.9 3.6 0.0 55 40 15 0.4 0.6 0.2
China90 35 15 15 6.9 5.4 6.5 630 280 350 4.4 3.9 5.0
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 45 45 0.6 0.6 0.6
Korea, South92 10 0 10 2.0 0.0 4.3 105 25 75 0.7 0.3 1.1
Taiwan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 35 0.4 0.3 0.5
Philippines 80 25 60 15.7 8.9 26.1 1,655 685 965 11.6 9.5 13.8
Viet Nam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 45 0.6 0.6 0.6
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 130 105 1.6 1.8 1.5
India 20 10 15 3.9 3.6 6.5 830 480 355 5.8 6.6 5.1
Pakistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 90 130 1.5 1.2 1.9
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 50 50 0.7 0.7 0.7
Other places of birth in Asia 10 0 0 2.0 0.0 0.0 635 340 300 4.5 4.7 4.3
Oceania and other places of birth93 10 10 0 2.0 3.6 0.0 130 40 90 0.9 0.6 1.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 135 60 80 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,270 2,100 2,170 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 50 35 15 37.0 58.3 18.8 430 200 225 10.1 9.5 10.4
Brazil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 20 0.6 0.5 0.9
Colombia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.5 0.7 0.0
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 25 15 15 18.5 25.0 18.8 145 60 80 3.4 2.9 3.7
Mexico 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.5 0.7 0.5
United States of America 15 10 0 11.1 16.7 0.0 145 70 70 3.4 3.3 3.2
Venezuela95 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other places of birth in Americas 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 45 1.6 1.2 2.1
Europe 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 235 165 9.3 11.2 7.6
France 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 20 0.7 0.7 0.9
Germany 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.7 1.0 0.5
Ireland96 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 1.3 1.4 1.2
Italy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.2 0.5 0.0
Russian Federation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.6 0.7 0.7
Ukraine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Kingdom87 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 90 35 2.9 4.3 1.6
Other places of birth in Europe 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 60 45 2.5 2.9 2.1
Africa 10 0 10 7.4 0.0 12.5 910 490 425 21.3 23.3 19.6
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 25 1.3 1.2 1.2
Côte d'Ivoire 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 10 0.9 1.2 0.5
Eritrea 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 60 45 2.3 2.9 2.1
Ethiopia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.5 0.0 0.7
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.2 0.0 0.0
Nigeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 175 120 7.0 8.3 5.5
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 25 1.5 1.7 1.2
Sudan97 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 30 1.5 1.7 1.4
Tunisia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 25 0.8 0.7 1.2
Other places of birth in Africa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 100 115 4.9 4.8 5.3
Asia 80 25 55 59.3 41.7 68.8 2,520 1,170 1,345 59.0 55.7 62.0
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 35 1.9 2.1 1.6
China90 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 85 115 4.7 4.0 5.3
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 200 125 7.5 9.5 5.8
Iran88 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.8 1.0 0.7
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 20 35 1.4 1.0 1.6
Israel 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.5 0.7 0.5
Korea, South92 10 0 10 7.4 0.0 12.5 35 0 35 0.8 0.0 1.6
Lebanon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 20 1.3 1.4 0.9
Nepal 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pakistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 2.3 2.1 2.5
Philippines 50 20 35 37.0 33.3 43.8 940 380 555 22.0 18.1 25.6
Saudi Arabia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.6 0.5 0.7
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.5 0.7 0.5
Syria89 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 210 190 9.4 10.0 8.8
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 25 0 0.7 1.2 0.0
United Arab Emirates 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 0 25 0.8 0.0 1.2
Viet Nam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.8 0.7 0.9
Other places of birth in Asia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 35 65 2.5 1.7 3.0
Oceania and other93 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.4 0.0 0.5
Australia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.2 0.0 0.5
Other places of birth98 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 22,360 10,775 11,585 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,095 246,190 255,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
First generation100 690 380 310 3.1 3.5 2.7 21,365 11,110 10,255 4.3 4.5 4.0
Second generation101 995 530 470 4.4 4.9 4.1 17,835 9,075 8,760 3.6 3.7 3.4
Third generation or more102 20,675 9,865 10,810 92.5 91.6 93.3 462,900 226,010 236,895 92.2 91.8 92.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 370 195 175 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,915 5,645 5,270 100.0 100.0 100.0
Economic immigrants104 170 90 80 45.9 46.2 45.7 6,385 3,360 3,030 58.5 59.5 57.5
Principal applicants105 110 65 45 29.7 33.3 25.7 3,015 1,875 1,140 27.6 33.2 21.6
Secondary applicants106 60 25 35 16.2 12.8 20.0 3,370 1,480 1,890 30.9 26.2 35.9
Immigrants sponsored by family107 185 90 95 50.0 46.2 54.3 2,690 1,350 1,335 24.6 23.9 25.3
Refugees108 10 10 0 2.7 5.1 0.0 1,780 900 880 16.3 15.9 16.7
Other immigrants109 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 20 0.5 0.6 0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 370 195 175 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,915 5,645 5,270 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asylum claim before admission111 10 10 0 2.7 5.1 0.0 205 110 95 1.9 1.9 1.8
Work permits only before admission112 95 60 35 25.7 30.8 20.0 2,450 1,295 1,160 22.4 22.9 22.0
Study permits only before admission113 10 0 10 2.7 0.0 5.7 520 310 210 4.8 5.5 4.0
Work and study permits before admission114 60 35 25 16.2 17.9 14.3 1,180 695 485 10.8 12.3 9.2
Other permits before admission115 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 40 0.6 0.5 0.8
No pre-admission experience116 190 90 100 51.4 46.2 57.1 6,480 3,200 3,280 59.4 56.7 62.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 22,360 10,770 11,585 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,100 246,190 255,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total visible minority population118 510 275 230 2.3 2.6 2.0 16,855 8,800 8,050 3.4 3.6 3.1
South Asian 55 30 25 0.2 0.3 0.2 4,545 2,575 1,970 0.9 1.0 0.8
Chinese 100 55 50 0.4 0.5 0.4 2,005 1,020 980 0.4 0.4 0.4
Black 120 80 40 0.5 0.7 0.3 3,590 1,930 1,660 0.7 0.8 0.6
Filipino 115 35 75 0.5 0.3 0.6 2,270 1,000 1,270 0.5 0.4 0.5
Arab 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,740 1,035 705 0.3 0.4 0.3
Latin American 70 55 20 0.3 0.5 0.2 755 355 400 0.2 0.1 0.2
Southeast Asian 30 20 10 0.1 0.2 0.1 505 240 275 0.1 0.1 0.1
West Asian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 550 265 285 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korean 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 220 80 140 0.0 0.0 0.1
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 105 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple visible minorities 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 175 220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Not a visible minority120 21,845 10,495 11,355 97.7 97.4 98.0 485,240 237,385 247,855 96.6 96.4 96.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 22,355 10,775 11,585 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,095 246,190 255,910 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian 5,840 2,725 3,115 26.1 25.3 26.9 125,120 60,915 64,200 24.9 24.7 25.1
English 8,260 4,095 4,165 36.9 38.0 36.0 175,045 84,765 90,280 34.9 34.4 35.3
Irish 7,165 3,460 3,700 32.1 32.1 31.9 122,115 59,270 62,845 24.3 24.1 24.6
Scottish 1,660 795 865 7.4 7.4 7.5 33,270 16,045 17,230 6.6 6.5 6.7
French, n.o.s.122 945 525 425 4.2 4.9 3.7 22,925 11,115 11,815 4.6 4.5 4.6
German 320 190 125 1.4 1.8 1.1 7,335 3,655 3,680 1.5 1.5 1.4
Chinese 95 60 35 0.4 0.6 0.3 2,265 1,135 1,130 0.5 0.5 0.4
Italian 230 95 135 1.0 0.9 1.2 2,290 1,140 1,155 0.5 0.5 0.5
Indian (India) 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,765 1,505 1,260 0.6 0.6 0.5
Ukrainian 55 35 20 0.2 0.3 0.2 1,505 720 785 0.3 0.3 0.3
Dutch 115 65 50 0.5 0.6 0.4 1,830 940 890 0.4 0.4 0.3
Polish 55 30 30 0.2 0.3 0.3 1,290 620 670 0.3 0.3 0.3
Québécois 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 315 150 160 0.1 0.1 0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.123 840 410 430 3.8 3.8 3.7 18,305 9,090 9,215 3.6 3.7 3.6
Filipino 110 45 70 0.5 0.4 0.6 2,255 1,010 1,240 0.4 0.4 0.5
French Canadian 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 720 295 425 0.1 0.1 0.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 1,330 600 730 5.9 5.6 6.3 26,565 12,765 13,795 5.3 5.2 5.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 140 75 60 0.6 0.7 0.5 10,820 5,180 5,635 2.2 2.1 2.2
Métis 130 40 90 0.6 0.4 0.8 6,715 3,255 3,460 1.3 1.3 1.4
European, n.o.s.126 350 165 180 1.6 1.5 1.6 8,625 4,295 4,325 1.7 1.7 1.7
Russian 20 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 680 335 345 0.1 0.1 0.1
Norwegian 115 40 70 0.5 0.4 0.6 1,840 920 915 0.4 0.4 0.4
Welsh 310 165 135 1.4 1.5 1.2 5,750 2,980 2,770 1.1 1.2 1.1
Portuguese 75 25 55 0.3 0.2 0.5 1,215 595 615 0.2 0.2 0.2
American 170 90 80 0.8 0.8 0.7 2,180 1,060 1,120 0.4 0.4 0.4
Spanish 55 25 35 0.2 0.2 0.3 1,160 555 605 0.2 0.2 0.2
Swedish 55 35 20 0.2 0.3 0.2 1,035 485 550 0.2 0.2 0.2
Hungarian 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 325 160 165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Acadian 40 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,100 505 595 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pakistani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 145 125 0.1 0.1 0.0
African, n.o.s.127 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 725 375 340 0.1 0.2 0.1
Jewish 30 20 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 550 340 210 0.1 0.1 0.1
Punjabi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 140 145 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vietnamese 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 175 95 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arab, n.o.s.128 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 830 470 360 0.2 0.2 0.1
Greek 45 25 20 0.2 0.2 0.2 365 190 175 0.1 0.1 0.1
Jamaican 30 30 0 0.1 0.3 0.0 320 170 150 0.1 0.1 0.1
Asian, n.o.s.129 25 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 525 275 245 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cree, n.o.s.130 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 130 175 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korean 20 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1 225 85 145 0.0 0.0 0.1
Romanian 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 300 120 180 0.1 0.0 0.1
Lebanese 30 0 30 0.1 0.0 0.3 775 420 350 0.2 0.2 0.1
Iranian 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 430 210 225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Christian, n.i.e.131 45 25 25 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,960 970 995 0.4 0.4 0.4
Danish 20 20 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 690 350 340 0.1 0.1 0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 45 20 30 0.2 0.2 0.3 3,585 1,745 1,840 0.7 0.7 0.7
Sikh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austrian 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1 325 155 170 0.1 0.1 0.1
Belgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 145 120 0.1 0.1 0.0
Haitian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 70 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mexican 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 135 60 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mennonite 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 135 135 0.1 0.1 0.1
Finnish 40 25 15 0.2 0.2 0.1 235 100 140 0.0 0.0 0.1
Sri Lankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 85 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.133 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 475 210 270 2.1 1.9 2.3 18,870 9,245 9,625 3.8 3.8 3.8
Northern European, n.o.s.135 60 30 30 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,230 680 555 0.2 0.3 0.2
Muslim 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 165 160 0.1 0.1 0.1
Egyptian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 250 140 0.1 0.1 0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 50 45 0 0.2 0.4 0.0 155 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 50 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 100 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Colombian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 85 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moroccan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 100 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syrian 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 335 210 125 0.1 0.1 0.0
Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afghan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Black, n.o.s.137 15 15 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 200 125 70 0.0 0.1 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 105 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Newfoundlander 1,455 700 755 6.5 6.5 6.5 34,640 17,120 17,515 6.9 7.0 6.8
Hong Konger 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ontarian 15 15 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 435 180 250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 15 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 160 85 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.138 230 105 130 1.0 1.0 1.1 9,365 4,445 4,925 1.9 1.8 1.9
Bangladeshi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 325 220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algerian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Brazilian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 110 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nigerian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 215 215 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 135 155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Taiwanese 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.1 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iraqi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 50 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salvadorean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Caribbean 25 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 45 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 120 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 25 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquin 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 75 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.143 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 50 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
South African 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 140 40 0.0 0.1 0.0
Australian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Palestinian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 75 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chilean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Congolese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 30 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nova Scotian 20 0 20 0.1 0.0 0.2 430 200 230 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ethiopian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 45 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Peruvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 30 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 185 140 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cambodian (Khmer) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 85 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Western European, n.o.s.145 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 640 285 355 0.1 0.1 0.1
New Brunswicker 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 35 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eritrean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 105 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Canadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israeli 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albertan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ghanaian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 75 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Barbadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 30 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
African American 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.148 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cuban 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuelan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 25 25 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 2,350 1,160 1,185 0.5 0.5 0.5
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 70 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 120 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guatemalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Laotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Irish 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 45 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.150 35 15 20 0.2 0.1 0.2 350 205 145 0.1 0.1 0.1
British Columbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ecuadorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Franco Ontarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Argentinian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jatt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 45 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
North American, n.o.s.151 55 15 40 0.2 0.1 0.3 495 245 250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 35 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dominican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 95 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Byelorussian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s.152 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Abenaki 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldovan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
New Zealander 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sudanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 70 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Breton 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malaysian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plains Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
North African, n.o.s.155 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Huron (Wendat) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saskatchewanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Buddhist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gaspesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norman 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 50 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ivorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteaux 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burundian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrinya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nicaraguan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mauritian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kenyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vincentian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Manitoban 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cape Bretoner 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rwandan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grenadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhalese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 35 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Honduran 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cherokee 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 50 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 175 90 90 0.8 0.8 0.8 7,220 3,430 3,795 1.4 1.4 1.5
Indo-Caribbean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Flemish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Empire Loyalist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Senegalese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sicilian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Goan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.158 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Zimbabwean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 85 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azorean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamileke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ugandan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tanzanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yemeni 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central African 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Libyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 60 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Basque 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uruguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan, n.o.s.159 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igorot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Woodland Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guinean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
St. Lucian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Prince Edward Islander 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maliseet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Beninese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Roma 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Costa Rican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Nova Scotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Singaporean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tajik 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amhara 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paraguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 22,360 10,770 11,585 100.0 100.0 100.0 502,100 246,195 255,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
Buddhist 20 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.1 490 240 250 0.1 0.1 0.1
Christian 18,215 8,645 9,570 81.5 80.3 82.6 413,915 199,150 214,765 82.4 80.9 83.9
Christian, n.o.s.162 750 365 390 3.4 3.4 3.4 15,590 7,710 7,880 3.1 3.1 3.1
Anabaptist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anglican 3,765 1,720 2,045 16.8 16.0 17.7 108,030 52,080 55,945 21.5 21.2 21.9
Baptist 100 50 50 0.4 0.5 0.4 1,115 515 605 0.2 0.2 0.2
Catholic 9,055 4,265 4,790 40.5 39.6 41.3 159,875 76,450 83,425 31.8 31.1 32.6
Christian Orthodox 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 395 305 0.1 0.2 0.1
Jehovah's Witness 50 25 35 0.2 0.2 0.3 1,490 685 810 0.3 0.3 0.3
Latter Day Saints 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 170 65 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lutheran 35 25 10 0.2 0.2 0.1 300 175 125 0.1 0.1 0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 875 430 445 3.9 4.0 3.8 29,830 14,505 15,325 5.9 5.9 6.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 520 260 260 2.3 2.4 2.2 28,645 13,650 15,000 5.7 5.5 5.9
Presbyterian 60 35 25 0.3 0.3 0.2 1,165 535 630 0.2 0.2 0.2
Reformed 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Church 2,790 1,380 1,410 12.5 12.8 12.2 60,670 29,340 31,330 12.1 11.9 12.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 185 80 110 0.8 0.7 0.9 6,205 2,990 3,215 1.2 1.2 1.3
Hindu 30 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,200 720 485 0.2 0.3 0.2
Jewish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 115 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Muslim 25 15 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,995 2,085 1,910 0.8 0.8 0.7
Sikh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 855 490 365 0.2 0.2 0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions 85 35 45 0.4 0.3 0.4 965 375 585 0.2 0.2 0.2
No religion and secular perspectives 3,985 2,060 1,925 17.8 19.1 16.6 80,330 42,965 37,370 16.0 17.5 14.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 22,235 10,715 11,520 100.0 100.0 100.0 498,445 244,285 254,160 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 20,450 9,880 10,565 92.0 92.2 91.7 453,375 222,680 230,695 91.0 91.2 90.8
Movers 1,785 835 950 8.0 7.8 8.2 45,070 21,600 23,465 9.0 8.8 9.2
Non-migrants 990 460 530 4.5 4.3 4.6 24,890 11,770 13,115 5.0 4.8 5.2
Migrants 800 380 420 3.6 3.5 3.6 20,180 9,830 10,350 4.0 4.0 4.1
Internal migrants 735 335 405 3.3 3.1 3.5 19,020 9,195 9,830 3.8 3.8 3.9
Intraprovincial migrants 640 295 345 2.9 2.8 3.0 12,470 5,845 6,620 2.5 2.4 2.6
Interprovincial migrants 100 40 60 0.4 0.4 0.5 6,550 3,345 3,205 1.3 1.4 1.3
External migrants 65 45 15 0.3 0.4 0.1 1,160 635 525 0.2 0.3 0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 21,545 10,355 11,190 100.0 100.0 100.0 483,165 236,510 246,655 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 15,320 7,375 7,945 71.1 71.2 71.0 342,910 168,510 174,400 71.0 71.2 70.7
Movers 6,225 2,980 3,245 28.9 28.8 29.0 140,255 68,000 72,255 29.0 28.8 29.3
Non-migrants 1,860 875 985 8.6 8.5 8.8 52,775 25,485 27,290 10.9 10.8 11.1
Migrants 4,365 2,100 2,260 20.3 20.3 20.2 87,485 42,520 44,965 18.1 18.0 18.2
Internal migrants 4,200 2,010 2,190 19.5 19.4 19.6 79,865 38,480 41,380 16.5 16.3 16.8
Intraprovincial migrants 3,740 1,740 2,005 17.4 16.8 17.9 60,000 28,435 31,570 12.4 12.0 12.8
Interprovincial migrants 460 275 185 2.1 2.7 1.7 19,860 10,045 9,815 4.1 4.2 4.0
External migrants 165 90 70 0.8 0.9 0.6 7,615 4,035 3,585 1.6 1.7 1.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 19,595 9,330 10,265 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,955 211,180 222,775 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 2,435 1,225 1,210 12.4 13.1 11.8 96,375 51,060 45,315 22.2 24.2 20.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 17,160 8,105 9,055 87.6 86.9 88.2 337,580 160,120 177,465 77.8 75.8 79.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 12,480 5,950 6,535 100.0 100.0 100.0 267,785 129,445 138,340 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 950 545 405 7.6 9.2 6.2 38,650 22,395 16,260 14.4 17.3 11.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 11,540 5,410 6,130 92.5 90.9 93.8 229,130 107,050 122,085 85.6 82.7 88.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 19,590 9,330 10,265 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,960 211,180 222,775 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 2,250 1,110 1,140 11.5 11.9 11.1 88,710 45,165 43,545 20.4 21.4 19.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 5,890 2,940 2,950 30.1 31.5 28.7 119,855 56,485 63,370 27.6 26.7 28.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 11,460 5,280 6,175 58.5 56.6 60.2 225,390 109,530 115,860 51.9 51.9 52.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 7,810 3,760 4,050 39.9 40.3 39.5 153,200 79,195 74,005 35.3 37.5 33.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 1,775 1,175 600 9.1 12.6 5.8 42,715 31,445 11,275 9.8 14.9 5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 940 455 485 4.8 4.9 4.7 21,280 12,615 8,665 4.9 6.0 3.9
Apprenticeship certificate169 835 715 120 4.3 7.7 1.2 21,440 18,830 2,610 4.9 8.9 1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 5,535 2,390 3,145 28.3 25.6 30.6 101,680 44,065 57,610 23.4 20.9 25.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 505 195 305 2.6 2.1 3.0 8,810 3,690 5,125 2.0 1.7 2.3
Bachelor's degree or higher 3,640 1,515 2,125 18.6 16.2 20.7 72,190 30,330 41,855 16.6 14.4 18.8
Bachelor's degree 2,645 1,105 1,535 13.5 11.8 15.0 47,145 19,210 27,935 10.9 9.1 12.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 145 65 80 0.7 0.7 0.8 3,245 1,445 1,795 0.7 0.7 0.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 40 20 15 0.2 0.2 0.1 2,035 1,055 980 0.5 0.5 0.4
Master's degree 745 275 470 3.8 2.9 4.6 17,150 6,990 10,165 4.0 3.3 4.6
Earned doctorate171 70 50 20 0.4 0.5 0.2 2,610 1,635 975 0.6 0.8 0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 12,485 5,950 6,530 100.0 100.0 100.0 267,785 129,445 138,340 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 830 470 360 6.6 7.9 5.5 33,800 18,755 15,045 12.6 14.5 10.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 3,030 1,620 1,415 24.3 27.2 21.7 65,265 31,435 33,830 24.4 24.3 24.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 8,625 3,860 4,760 69.1 64.9 72.9 168,720 79,250 89,465 63.0 61.2 64.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 5,710 2,720 2,985 45.7 45.7 45.7 112,935 57,120 55,820 42.2 44.1 40.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 1,295 860 435 10.4 14.5 6.7 30,020 22,075 7,945 11.2 17.1 5.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 690 335 355 5.5 5.6 5.4 14,940 8,940 6,005 5.6 6.9 4.3
Apprenticeship certificate169 610 530 85 4.9 8.9 1.3 15,080 13,140 1,940 5.6 10.2 1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 4,085 1,740 2,345 32.7 29.2 35.9 77,280 32,585 44,700 28.9 25.2 32.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 330 125 200 2.6 2.1 3.1 5,635 2,460 3,175 2.1 1.9 2.3
Bachelor's degree or higher 2,910 1,135 1,775 23.3 19.1 27.2 55,780 22,135 33,650 20.8 17.1 24.3
Bachelor's degree 2,085 830 1,260 16.7 13.9 19.3 35,885 14,135 21,745 13.4 10.9 15.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 120 45 75 1.0 0.8 1.1 2,455 995 1,460 0.9 0.8 1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 25 10 20 0.2 0.2 0.3 1,675 785 890 0.6 0.6 0.6
Master's degree 620 220 405 5.0 3.7 6.2 13,875 5,115 8,765 5.2 4.0 6.3
Earned doctorate171 55 35 20 0.4 0.6 0.3 1,895 1,105 785 0.7 0.9 0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 19,595 9,330 10,265 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,955 211,180 222,775 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 8,135 4,050 4,090 41.5 43.4 39.8 208,565 101,650 106,915 48.1 48.1 48.0
Education 790 195 590 4.0 2.1 5.7 18,310 5,555 12,750 4.2 2.6 5.7
13. Education 790 195 590 4.0 2.1 5.7 18,310 5,555 12,750 4.2 2.6 5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 220 105 115 1.1 1.1 1.1 3,630 1,670 1,955 0.8 0.8 0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 55 45 20 0.3 0.5 0.2 525 415 115 0.1 0.2 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 165 70 95 0.8 0.8 0.9 3,100 1,250 1,845 0.7 0.6 0.8
Humanities 385 155 230 2.0 1.7 2.2 7,650 3,285 4,365 1.8 1.6 2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 15 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 525 135 390 0.1 0.1 0.2
23. English language and literature/letters 75 30 40 0.4 0.3 0.4 2,020 760 1,260 0.5 0.4 0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 110 40 75 0.6 0.4 0.7 1,820 665 1,155 0.4 0.3 0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 15 10 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 250 130 120 0.1 0.1 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 25 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 660 370 295 0.2 0.2 0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations 45 20 30 0.2 0.2 0.3 1,115 665 450 0.3 0.3 0.2
54. History 60 25 35 0.3 0.3 0.3 785 470 315 0.2 0.2 0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 30 10 25 0.2 0.1 0.2 475 100 380 0.1 0.0 0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law 890 260 625 4.5 2.8 6.1 15,250 4,540 10,705 3.5 2.1 4.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1 240 45 195 0.1 0.0 0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 65 25 40 0.3 0.3 0.4 880 375 505 0.2 0.2 0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 205 10 195 1.0 0.1 1.9 3,715 260 3,460 0.9 0.1 1.6
22. Legal professions and studies 85 30 60 0.4 0.3 0.6 1,980 665 1,315 0.5 0.3 0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 20 10 10 0.1 0.1 0.1 130 40 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
42. Psychology 145 20 120 0.7 0.2 1.2 3,090 710 2,375 0.7 0.3 1.1
45. Social sciences 355 160 200 1.8 1.7 1.9 5,210 2,450 2,765 1.2 1.2 1.2
Business, management and public administration 3,025 870 2,155 15.4 9.3 21.0 48,125 11,635 36,490 11.1 5.5 16.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.1 90 20 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 195 30 165 1.0 0.3 1.6 2,845 430 2,410 0.7 0.2 1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 2,820 835 1,985 14.4 8.9 19.3 45,195 11,195 34,005 10.4 5.3 15.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies 255 130 125 1.3 1.4 1.2 5,875 2,915 2,960 1.4 1.4 1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 95 35 60 0.5 0.4 0.6 2,525 1,070 1,455 0.6 0.5 0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 75 45 25 0.4 0.5 0.2 1,255 595 665 0.3 0.3 0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 20 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
40. Physical sciences 60 45 15 0.3 0.5 0.1 1,725 1,150 570 0.4 0.5 0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians 25 0 20 0.1 0.0 0.2 255 80 175 0.1 0.0 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 545 325 215 2.8 3.5 2.1 8,180 4,515 3,665 1.9 2.1 1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 480 300 190 2.4 3.2 1.9 6,920 3,960 2,960 1.6 1.9 1.3
25. Library science 25 0 20 0.1 0.0 0.2 450 45 400 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 30 20 10 0.2 0.2 0.1 740 440 300 0.2 0.2 0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 75 70 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 2,685 2,445 240 13.7 26.2 2.3 57,910 52,800 5,115 13.3 25.0 2.3
04. Architecture and related services 25 15 10 0.1 0.2 0.1 335 230 100 0.1 0.1 0.0
14. Engineering 350 280 70 1.8 3.0 0.7 6,545 5,290 1,255 1.5 2.5 0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 780 680 100 4.0 7.3 1.0 13,965 11,610 2,355 3.2 5.5 1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 825 795 30 4.2 8.5 0.3 17,805 17,160 645 4.1 8.1 0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 515 490 25 2.6 5.3 0.2 12,505 12,070 435 2.9 5.7 0.2
48. Precision production 190 180 10 1.0 1.9 0.1 6,745 6,435 310 1.6 3.0 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 135 45 85 0.7 0.5 0.8 4,250 2,475 1,775 1.0 1.2 0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 105 25 75 0.5 0.3 0.7 1,735 630 1,105 0.4 0.3 0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation 35 25 10 0.2 0.3 0.1 2,515 1,850 670 0.6 0.9 0.3
Health and related fields 1,705 295 1,410 8.7 3.2 13.7 33,535 5,660 27,875 7.7 2.7 12.5
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 90 50 40 0.5 0.5 0.4 1,570 765 800 0.4 0.4 0.4
51. Health professions and related programs178 1,610 240 1,370 8.2 2.6 13.3 31,065 4,415 26,650 7.2 2.1 12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 35 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 785 445 340 0.2 0.2 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 820 440 385 4.2 4.7 3.8 22,650 14,470 8,180 5.2 6.9 3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 455 115 340 2.3 1.2 3.3 9,190 2,260 6,925 2.1 1.1 3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 95 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 145 125 20 0.7 1.3 0.2 2,180 1,655 525 0.5 0.8 0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving 215 200 15 1.1 2.1 0.1 11,155 10,450 710 2.6 4.9 0.3
Other179 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 12,480 5,950 6,535 100.0 100.0 100.0 267,785 129,445 138,340 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 3,860 2,090 1,770 30.9 35.1 27.1 99,065 50,190 48,875 37.0 38.8 35.3
Education 520 115 405 4.2 1.9 6.2 11,025 2,785 8,240 4.1 2.2 6.0
13. Education 520 115 405 4.2 1.9 6.2 11,025 2,785 8,240 4.1 2.2 6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 200 100 105 1.6 1.7 1.6 2,860 1,265 1,595 1.1 1.0 1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 40 30 10 0.3 0.5 0.2 330 250 80 0.1 0.2 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 160 70 90 1.3 1.2 1.4 2,535 1,015 1,515 0.9 0.8 1.1
Humanities 275 120 155 2.2 2.0 2.4 5,215 2,150 3,065 1.9 1.7 2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 15 10 10 0.1 0.2 0.2 375 100 275 0.1 0.1 0.2
23. English language and literature/letters 60 20 35 0.5 0.3 0.5 1,300 470 835 0.5 0.4 0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 80 30 50 0.6 0.5 0.8 1,325 470 860 0.5 0.4 0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 15 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 185 90 90 0.1 0.1 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 15 10 10 0.1 0.2 0.2 480 255 235 0.2 0.2 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 30 10 20 0.2 0.2 0.3 650 375 270 0.2 0.3 0.2
54. History 45 20 20 0.4 0.3 0.3 575 340 235 0.2 0.3 0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 15 10 10 0.1 0.2 0.2 320 55 265 0.1 0.0 0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law 740 180 565 5.9 3.0 8.6 12,275 3,320 8,955 4.6 2.6 6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 215 40 175 0.1 0.0 0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 50 20 35 0.4 0.3 0.5 720 285 435 0.3 0.2 0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 195 10 180 1.6 0.2 2.8 3,130 215 2,915 1.2 0.2 2.1
22. Legal professions and studies 60 15 45 0.5 0.3 0.7 1,625 455 1,160 0.6 0.4 0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 15 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 105 30 75 0.0 0.0 0.1
42. Psychology 120 20 105 1.0 0.3 1.6 2,395 500 1,900 0.9 0.4 1.4
45. Social sciences 285 100 185 2.3 1.7 2.8 4,090 1,790 2,305 1.5 1.4 1.7
Business, management and public administration 2,265 600 1,665 18.1 10.1 25.5 36,780 8,440 28,340 13.7 6.5 20.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science 15 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2 75 10 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 155 15 140 1.2 0.3 2.1 2,235 265 1,970 0.8 0.2 1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 2,100 580 1,515 16.8 9.7 23.2 34,470 8,170 26,310 12.9 6.3 19.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies 165 85 80 1.3 1.4 1.2 4,340 2,110 2,230 1.6 1.6 1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 60 20 40 0.5 0.3 0.6 1,890 765 1,120 0.7 0.6 0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 55 35 20 0.4 0.6 0.3 885 410 475 0.3 0.3 0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 20 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
40. Physical sciences 40 30 10 0.3 0.5 0.2 1,345 865 480 0.5 0.7 0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2 140 40 100 0.1 0.0 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 495 300 190 4.0 5.0 2.9 7,170 3,980 3,190 2.7 3.1 2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 440 280 165 3.5 4.7 2.5 6,265 3,615 2,650 2.3 2.8 1.9
25. Library science 15 0 15 0.1 0.0 0.2 340 40 300 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 25 20 10 0.2 0.3 0.2 515 280 235 0.2 0.2 0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 55 45 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 1,970 1,745 225 15.8 29.3 3.4 42,160 37,625 4,525 15.7 29.1 3.3
04. Architecture and related services 20 10 10 0.2 0.2 0.2 240 160 85 0.1 0.1 0.1
14. Engineering 275 205 65 2.2 3.4 1.0 5,290 4,165 1,125 2.0 3.2 0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 560 475 90 4.5 8.0 1.4 10,780 8,640 2,145 4.0 6.7 1.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 605 575 30 4.8 9.7 0.5 12,995 12,460 540 4.9 9.6 0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 365 345 20 2.9 5.8 0.3 8,240 7,870 370 3.1 6.1 0.3
48. Precision production 150 140 10 1.2 2.4 0.2 4,600 4,340 260 1.7 3.4 0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 125 45 80 1.0 0.8 1.2 3,435 1,920 1,520 1.3 1.5 1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 95 20 75 0.8 0.3 1.1 1,360 470 890 0.5 0.4 0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation 30 25 0 0.2 0.4 0.0 2,075 1,445 630 0.8 1.1 0.5
Health and related fields 1,190 215 965 9.5 3.6 14.8 25,500 4,245 21,260 9.5 3.3 15.4
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 85 45 40 0.7 0.8 0.6 1,215 605 610 0.5 0.5 0.4
51. Health professions and related programs178 1,105 175 930 8.9 2.9 14.2 23,530 3,275 20,255 8.8 2.5 14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 30 85 0.0 0.0 0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 340 305 0.2 0.3 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 680 350 330 5.4 5.9 5.0 17,925 11,395 6,530 6.7 8.8 4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 385 95 290 3.1 1.6 4.4 7,255 1,750 5,505 2.7 1.4 4.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 65 15 0.0 0.1 0.0
43. Security and protective services 115 90 25 0.9 1.5 0.4 1,765 1,325 445 0.7 1.0 0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving 180 160 15 1.4 2.7 0.2 8,805 8,245 560 3.3 6.4 0.4
Other179 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 12,480 5,950 6,535 100.0 100.0 100.0 267,785 129,445 138,340 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 3,860 2,090 1,770 30.9 35.1 27.1 99,065 50,190 48,875 37.0 38.8 35.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 8,620 3,860 4,760 69.1 64.9 72.8 168,720 79,250 89,465 63.0 61.2 64.7
Location of study inside Canada 8,420 3,770 4,650 67.5 63.4 71.2 161,880 76,015 85,870 60.5 58.7 62.1
Same as province or territory of residence 7,490 3,340 4,150 60.0 56.1 63.5 137,745 64,835 72,910 51.4 50.1 52.7
Different than province or territory of residence 930 430 500 7.5 7.2 7.7 24,140 11,175 12,960 9.0 8.6 9.4
Location of study outside Canada182 205 90 115 1.6 1.5 1.8 6,840 3,240 3,600 2.6 2.5 2.6
Americas 70 30 45 0.6 0.5 0.7 1,625 730 895 0.6 0.6 0.6
United States of America 50 20 30 0.4 0.3 0.5 1,160 555 615 0.4 0.4 0.4
Mexico 10 0 10 0.1 0.0 0.2 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cuba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 15 10 10 0.1 0.2 0.2 115 50 70 0.0 0.0 0.1
Brazil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 35 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Colombia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Peru 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuela95 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Americas 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 65 85 0.1 0.1 0.1
Europe 55 35 20 0.4 0.6 0.3 1,735 1,000 735 0.6 0.8 0.5
Belgium 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
France 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germany 10 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 120 80 45 0.0 0.1 0.0
Netherlands 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Switzerland 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungary 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldova183 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poland 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian Federation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukraine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ireland96 15 15 0 0.1 0.3 0.0 160 90 65 0.1 0.1 0.0
United Kingdom87 15 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 945 575 370 0.4 0.4 0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbia86 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Europe 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 180 100 80 0.1 0.1 0.1
Africa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 685 350 335 0.3 0.3 0.2
Nigeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 85 125 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 70 65 0.0 0.1 0.0
South Africa, Republic of 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Africa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 120 95 0.1 0.1 0.1
Asia 65 20 50 0.5 0.3 0.8 2,635 1,100 1,535 1.0 0.8 1.1
Iran88 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 110 135 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israel 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lebanon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syria89 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
China90 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 100 100 0.1 0.1 0.1
Taiwan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korea, South92 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 15 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Philippines 50 10 40 0.4 0.2 0.6 955 355 600 0.4 0.3 0.4
Viet Nam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.1
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 515 260 260 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pakistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 20 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Asia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 40 80 0.0 0.0 0.1
Oceania 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 160 65 90 0.1 0.1 0.1
Australia 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 145 60 80 0.1 0.0 0.1
New Zealand 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 19,590 9,330 10,265 ... ... ... 433,960 211,180 222,775 ... ... ...
In the labour force 11,880 5,970 5,910 ... ... ... 243,330 123,685 119,645 ... ... ...
Employed 10,695 5,250 5,445 ... ... ... 206,285 101,475 104,810 ... ... ...
Unemployed 1,185 720 460 ... ... ... 37,045 22,210 14,835 ... ... ...
Not in the labour force 7,720 3,360 4,355 ... ... ... 190,625 87,500 103,130 ... ... ...
Participation rate 60.6 64.0 57.6 60.6 64.0 57.6 56.1 58.6 53.7 56.1 58.6 53.7
Employment rate 54.6 56.3 53.0 54.6 56.3 53.0 47.5 48.1 47.0 47.5 48.1 47.0
Unemployment rate 10.0 12.1 7.8 10.0 12.1 7.8 15.2 18.0 12.4 15.2 18.0 12.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 19,595 9,330 10,265 100.0 100.0 100.0 433,955 211,180 222,775 100.0 100.0 100.0
Did not work186 7,440 3,210 4,230 38.0 34.4 41.2 183,800 83,580 100,220 42.4 39.6 45.0
Worked 12,155 6,120 6,030 62.0 65.6 58.7 250,155 127,600 122,555 57.6 60.4 55.0
Worked full year full time187 7,085 3,550 3,540 36.2 38.0 34.5 119,335 59,590 59,750 27.5 28.2 26.8
Worked part year and/or part time188 5,065 2,575 2,495 25.8 27.6 24.3 130,815 68,005 62,810 30.1 32.2 28.2
Average weeks worked in reference year 42.1 41.5 42.7 42.1 41.5 42.7 37.8 36.8 38.8 37.8 36.8 38.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 11,875 5,970 5,910 100.0 100.0 100.0 243,330 123,685 119,650 100.0 100.0 100.0
Class of worker - not applicable190 265 150 110 2.2 2.5 1.9 6,930 3,810 3,120 2.8 3.1 2.6
All classes of workers191 11,615 5,815 5,795 97.8 97.4 98.1 236,405 119,880 116,525 97.2 96.9 97.4
Employee 10,735 5,315 5,420 90.4 89.0 91.7 217,070 108,290 108,780 89.2 87.6 90.9
Permanent position 8,505 4,105 4,405 71.6 68.8 74.5 153,520 73,940 79,585 63.1 59.8 66.5
Temporary position 2,230 1,210 1,020 18.8 20.3 17.3 63,545 34,345 29,200 26.1 27.8 24.4
Fixed term (1 year or more) 685 335 350 5.8 5.6 5.9 13,300 5,940 7,360 5.5 4.8 6.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 1,540 880 665 13.0 14.7 11.3 50,245 28,405 21,840 20.6 23.0 18.3
Self-employed192 880 505 375 7.4 8.5 6.3 19,335 11,590 7,745 7.9 9.4 6.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 11,875 5,970 5,910 100.0 100.0 100.0 243,330 123,685 119,650 100.0 100.0 100.0
Occupation - not applicable190 265 150 110 2.2 2.5 1.9 6,930 3,810 3,120 2.8 3.1 2.6
All occupations191 11,615 5,815 5,795 97.8 97.4 98.1 236,405 119,880 116,525 97.2 96.9 97.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 105 60 45 0.9 1.0 0.8 2,045 1,195 845 0.8 1.0 0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 2,355 710 1,645 19.8 11.9 27.8 32,540 8,655 23,880 13.4 7.0 20.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 850 670 180 7.2 11.2 3.0 15,155 11,765 3,390 6.2 9.5 2.8
3 Health occupations 960 135 830 8.1 2.3 14.0 21,510 3,785 17,730 8.8 3.1 14.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 1,490 390 1,100 12.5 6.5 18.6 33,725 9,490 24,235 13.9 7.7 20.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 220 120 100 1.9 2.0 1.7 4,735 2,040 2,700 1.9 1.6 2.3
6 Sales and service occupations 3,285 1,575 1,710 27.7 26.4 28.9 59,440 24,065 35,370 24.4 19.5 29.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 1,890 1,775 115 15.9 29.7 1.9 47,285 43,685 3,600 19.4 35.3 3.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 205 170 35 1.7 2.8 0.6 10,740 8,785 1,960 4.4 7.1 1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 255 215 40 2.1 3.6 0.7 9,225 6,410 2,820 3.8 5.2 2.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 11,875 5,970 5,910 100.0 100.0 100.0 243,330 123,685 119,650 100.0 100.0 100.0
Industry - not applicable190 265 150 110 2.2 2.5 1.9 6,930 3,810 3,120 2.8 3.1 2.6
All industries191 11,615 5,815 5,795 97.8 97.4 98.1 236,405 119,880 116,525 97.2 96.9 97.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 120 90 35 1.0 1.5 0.6 9,425 7,130 2,290 3.9 5.8 1.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 245 185 65 2.1 3.1 1.1 9,715 8,125 1,590 4.0 6.6 1.3
22 Utilities 110 60 55 0.9 1.0 0.9 2,795 2,100 690 1.1 1.7 0.6
23 Construction 790 725 65 6.7 12.1 1.1 19,380 17,220 2,160 8.0 13.9 1.8
31-33 Manufacturing 470 335 135 4.0 5.6 2.3 11,670 7,960 3,705 4.8 6.4 3.1
41 Wholesale trade 440 315 125 3.7 5.3 2.1 4,780 3,570 1,210 2.0 2.9 1.0
44-45 Retail trade 1,720 845 875 14.5 14.2 14.8 29,955 13,220 16,730 12.3 10.7 14.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 545 445 100 4.6 7.5 1.7 11,815 8,955 2,865 4.9 7.2 2.4
51 Information and cultural industries 165 105 60 1.4 1.8 1.0 2,740 1,495 1,240 1.1 1.2 1.0
52 Finance and insurance 315 100 215 2.7 1.7 3.6 4,610 1,530 3,080 1.9 1.2 2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 105 65 45 0.9 1.1 0.8 2,125 1,285 845 0.9 1.0 0.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 695 440 250 5.9 7.4 4.2 11,525 6,680 4,845 4.7 5.4 4.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises 25 0 20 0.2 0.0 0.3 260 135 130 0.1 0.1 0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 485 320 165 4.1 5.4 2.8 7,470 4,505 2,970 3.1 3.6 2.5
61 Educational services 835 290 545 7.0 4.9 9.2 17,205 5,565 11,635 7.1 4.5 9.7
62 Health care and social assistance 1,890 325 1,565 15.9 5.4 26.5 40,245 6,895 33,345 16.5 5.6 27.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 160 95 65 1.3 1.6 1.1 3,765 1,895 1,875 1.5 1.5 1.6
72 Accommodation and food services 675 315 360 5.7 5.3 6.1 15,310 6,005 9,310 6.3 4.9 7.8
81 Other services (except public administration) 560 230 335 4.7 3.9 5.7 9,885 4,720 5,160 4.1 3.8 4.3
91 Public administration 1,245 535 710 10.5 9.0 12.0 21,725 10,875 10,850 8.9 8.8 9.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 12,810 6,465 6,345 100.0 100.0 100.0 267,975 136,470 131,505 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 12,575 6,360 6,220 98.2 98.4 98.0 263,530 134,805 128,725 98.3 98.8 97.9
French 15 10 10 0.1 0.2 0.2 430 145 285 0.2 0.1 0.2
Non-official language 30 30 0 0.2 0.5 0.0 295 145 150 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 70 110 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Indigenous 30 30 0 0.2 0.5 0.0 110 70 35 0.0 0.1 0.0
English and French 140 45 95 1.1 0.7 1.5 2,565 865 1,700 1.0 0.6 1.3
English and non-official language(s) 40 20 25 0.3 0.3 0.4 1,080 460 615 0.4 0.3 0.5
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 12,810 6,465 6,345 100.0 100.0 100.0 267,975 136,470 131,505 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 12,785 6,455 6,340 99.8 99.8 99.9 267,450 136,280 131,175 99.8 99.9 99.7
Official languages 12,760 6,420 6,340 99.6 99.3 99.9 266,895 136,025 130,870 99.6 99.7 99.5
English 12,725 6,405 6,315 99.3 99.1 99.5 265,980 135,770 130,205 99.3 99.5 99.0
French 35 15 20 0.3 0.2 0.3 915 250 665 0.3 0.2 0.5
Non-official languages 35 35 0 0.3 0.5 0.0 560 255 300 0.2 0.2 0.2
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 160 235 0.1 0.1 0.2
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 380 155 220 0.1 0.1 0.2
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 380 155 220 0.1 0.1 0.2
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 380 155 220 0.1 0.1 0.2
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 35 35 0 0.3 0.5 0.0 165 95 70 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 25 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 10 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 50 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 10 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 50 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 20 10 10 0.2 0.2 0.2 525 185 335 0.2 0.1 0.3
English and French 15 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 275 95 180 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and non-official language(s) 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 245 95 155 0.1 0.1 0.1
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 12,810 6,465 6,345 100.0 100.0 100.0 267,975 136,470 131,505 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 12,640 6,405 6,235 98.7 99.1 98.3 264,780 135,285 129,495 98.8 99.1 98.5
English 20 10 10 0.2 0.2 0.2 725 210 510 0.3 0.2 0.4
French 120 35 85 0.9 0.5 1.3 1,820 670 1,150 0.7 0.5 0.9
Non-official language 30 10 20 0.2 0.2 0.3 555 225 330 0.2 0.2 0.3
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 55 155 0.1 0.0 0.1
Non-Indigenous 30 10 20 0.2 0.2 0.3 350 170 175 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 35 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 35 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 10,695 5,245 5,445 100.0 100.0 100.0 206,285 101,470 104,810 100.0 100.0 100.0
Worked at home 1,710 715 1,000 16.0 13.6 18.4 26,785 11,395 15,390 13.0 11.2 14.7
Worked outside Canada 10 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 425 355 70 0.2 0.3 0.1
No fixed workplace address 1,155 810 345 10.8 15.4 6.3 31,185 22,560 8,620 15.1 22.2 8.2
Usual place of work 7,815 3,725 4,090 73.1 71.0 75.1 147,885 67,155 80,735 71.7 66.2 77.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 7,815 3,725 4,090 100.0 100.0 100.0 147,890 67,155 80,730 100.0 100.0 100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 2,490 1,160 1,330 31.9 31.1 32.5 82,225 35,265 46,960 55.6 52.5 58.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 5,195 2,470 2,725 66.5 66.3 66.6 56,600 25,895 30,700 38.3 38.6 38.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 70 50 25 0.9 1.3 0.6 6,465 3,875 2,595 4.4 5.8 3.2
Commute to a different province or territory 55 45 10 0.7 1.2 0.2 2,600 2,115 485 1.8 3.1 0.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 8,975 4,535 4,440 100.0 100.0 100.0 179,070 89,715 89,355 100.0 100.0 100.0
Car, truck or van 8,320 4,245 4,075 92.7 93.6 91.8 159,145 78,195 80,950 88.9 87.2 90.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver 7,400 3,885 3,515 82.5 85.7 79.2 143,960 71,835 72,125 80.4 80.1 80.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 925 360 565 10.3 7.9 12.7 15,190 6,355 8,825 8.5 7.1 9.9
Public transit 125 60 65 1.4 1.3 1.5 3,580 2,145 1,440 2.0 2.4 1.6
Walked 250 70 175 2.8 1.5 3.9 8,680 3,725 4,950 4.8 4.2 5.5
Bicycle 15 15 0 0.2 0.3 0.0 235 170 65 0.1 0.2 0.1
Other method 260 145 115 2.9 3.2 2.6 7,435 5,480 1,950 4.2 6.1 2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 8,975 4,535 4,440 100.0 100.0 100.0 179,070 89,715 89,355 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 15 minutes 4,085 2,005 2,080 45.5 44.2 46.8 92,060 42,265 49,795 51.4 47.1 55.7
15 to 29 minutes 4,210 2,100 2,110 46.9 46.3 47.5 55,765 28,095 27,670 31.1 31.3 31.0
30 to 44 minutes 330 200 135 3.7 4.4 3.0 15,825 8,725 7,105 8.8 9.7 8.0
45 to 59 minutes 95 50 50 1.1 1.1 1.1 5,090 2,870 2,215 2.8 3.2 2.5
60 minutes and over 250 185 65 2.8 4.1 1.5 10,330 7,760 2,570 5.8 8.6 2.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 8,975 4,535 4,440 100.0 100.0 100.0 179,070 89,715 89,355 100.0 100.0 100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 325 260 65 3.6 5.7 1.5 8,625 6,615 2,015 4.8 7.4 2.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 1,015 660 360 11.3 14.6 8.1 22,605 15,340 7,260 12.6 17.1 8.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 2,955 1,525 1,425 32.9 33.6 32.1 53,845 28,445 25,400 30.1 31.7 28.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 2,550 1,145 1,410 28.4 25.2 31.8 48,930 20,070 28,860 27.3 22.4 32.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 890 325 565 9.9 7.2 12.7 20,935 7,055 13,885 11.7 7.9 15.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 1,235 620 610 13.8 13.7 13.7 24,125 12,195 11,935 13.5 13.6 13.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 3,495 1,810 1,685 100.0 100.0 100.0 85,265 43,900 41,365 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 120 60 60 3.4 3.3 3.6 2,955 1,475 1,480 3.5 3.4 3.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 3,370 1,750 1,620 96.4 96.7 96.1 82,310 42,425 39,885 96.5 96.6 96.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 2,585 1,340 1,245 100.0 100.0 100.0 64,755 33,355 31,405 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 85 40 45 3.3 3.0 3.6 2,220 1,110 1,105 3.4 3.3 3.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 35 15 20 1.4 1.1 1.6 1,200 580 620 1.9 1.7 2.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 45 20 25 1.7 1.5 2.0 1,015 530 485 1.6 1.6 1.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 2,500 1,300 1,200 96.7 97.0 96.4 62,540 32,245 30,290 96.6 96.7 96.4

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 5, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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