Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Peace River, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	61,532	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	62,942	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 2.2	...	...	- 2.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	28,683	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	24,902	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.5	...	...	0.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	117,216.74	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	61,530	31,495	30,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,955	6,720	6,235	21.1	21.3	20.8
0 to 4 years	4,335	2,230	2,100	7.0	7.1	7.0
5 to 9 years	4,420	2,255	2,170	7.2	7.2	7.2
10 to 14 years	4,200	2,235	1,965	6.8	7.1	6.5
15 to 64 years	41,030	21,105	19,935	66.7	67.0	66.4
15 to 19 years	3,750	1,985	1,765	6.1	6.3	5.9
20 to 24 years	3,800	2,010	1,795	6.2	6.4	6.0
25 to 29 years	4,755	2,475	2,280	7.7	7.9	7.6
30 to 34 years	5,080	2,620	2,460	8.3	8.3	8.2
35 to 39 years	4,850	2,475	2,375	7.9	7.9	7.9
40 to 44 years	3,995	2,020	1,975	6.5	6.4	6.6
45 to 49 years	3,635	1,860	1,770	5.9	5.9	5.9
50 to 54 years	3,575	1,765	1,810	5.8	5.6	6.0
55 to 59 years	3,925	2,025	1,905	6.4	6.4	6.3
60 to 64 years	3,665	1,865	1,800	6.0	5.9	6.0
65 years and over	7,545	3,675	3,875	12.3	11.7	12.9
65 to 69 years	2,840	1,440	1,400	4.6	4.6	4.7
70 to 74 years	1,925	965	960	3.1	3.1	3.2
75 to 79 years	1,250	610	640	2.0	1.9	2.1
80 to 84 years	810	375	435	1.3	1.2	1.4
85 years and over	715	275	435	1.2	0.9	1.4
85 to 89 years	475	190	280	0.8	0.6	0.9
90 to 94 years	195	75	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
95 to 99 years	40	5	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21.1	21.3	20.8	21.1	21.3	20.8
15 to 64 years	66.7	67.0	66.4	66.7	67.0	66.4
65 years and over	12.3	11.7	12.9	12.3	11.7	12.9
85 years and over	1.2	0.9	1.4	1.2	0.9	1.4
Average age of the population	36.9	36.4	37.3	36.9	36.4	37.3
Median age of the population	35.6	34.8	36.0	35.6	34.8	36.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	24,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	15,805	...	...	63.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,375	...	...	5.5	...	...
Row house	1,485	...	...	6.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	460	...	...	1.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,130	...	...	12.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	145	...	...	0.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	40	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,460	...	...	9.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	24,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	7,405	...	...	29.7	...	...
2 persons	8,470	...	...	34.0	...	...
3 persons	3,735	...	...	15.0	...	...
4 persons	3,115	...	...	12.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,170	...	...	8.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	60,330	30,930	29,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	48,575	24,770	23,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	28,535	14,345	14,195	58.7	57.9	59.6
Married	21,905	11,035	10,870	45.1	44.5	45.7
Living common-law	6,635	3,310	3,320	13.7	13.4	13.9
Living common law - Never married	5,075	2,545	2,525	10.4	10.3	10.6
Living common law - Separated	350	165	185	0.7	0.7	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	1,100	550	555	2.3	2.2	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	20,040	10,430	9,610	41.3	42.1	40.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,860	8,035	5,830	28.5	32.4	24.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,530	700	830	3.1	2.8	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,650	1,260	1,390	5.5	5.1	5.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,000	440	1,560	4.1	1.8	6.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	16,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	8,400	...	...	50.9	...	...
3 persons	3,410	...	...	20.7	...	...
4 persons	2,915	...	...	17.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,780	...	...	10.8	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	16,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	13,855	...	...	83.9	...	...
Married couples	10,540	...	...	63.9	...	...
With children⁶	5,485	...	...	33.2	...	...
Without children	5,050	...	...	30.6	...	...
Common-law couples	3,315	...	...	20.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,520	...	...	9.2	...	...
Without children	1,795	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,645	...	...	16.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,950	...	...	11.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	695	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	60,330	30,930	29,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	48,605	24,315	24,295	80.6	78.6	82.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	27,715	13,860	13,855	45.9	44.8	47.1
Parents in one-parent families	2,650	695	1,950	4.4	2.2	6.6
Children⁶	18,245	9,755	8,490	30.2	31.5	28.9
In a two-parent family	14,045	7,430	6,615	23.3	24.0	22.5
In a one-parent family	4,205	2,325	1,880	7.0	7.5	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,725	6,615	5,105	19.4	21.4	17.4
Living alone	7,410	4,160	3,250	12.3	13.4	11.1
Living with other relatives⁷	1,355	655	705	2.2	2.1	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	2,960	1,815	1,150	4.9	5.9	3.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	24,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	14,870	...	...	59.7	...	...
Couple-family households	12,785	...	...	51.3	...	...
With children⁶	6,520	...	...	26.2	...	...
Without children	6,260	...	...	25.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,090	...	...	8.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	370	...	...	1.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	100	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	865	...	...	3.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,285	...	...	5.2	...	...
One-person households	7,410	...	...	29.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	47,620	24,315	23,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45,885	23,500	22,390	96.4	96.6	96.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	65,500	36,800	48,000	65,500	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45,925	23,525	22,405	96.4	96.8	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	56,400	34,000	43,600	56,400	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	41,395	21,985	19,410	86.9	90.4	83.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	64,500	30,400	45,200	64,500	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,915	20,085	16,825	77.5	82.6	72.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	66,000	32,400	47,200	66,000	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,875	16,085	18,785	73.2	66.2	80.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,800	8,000	9,300	8,800	8,000	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,165	2,570	2,590	10.8	10.6	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,760	6,080	6,000	5,760	6,080
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,965	5,965	5,995	25.1	24.5	25.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	47,625	24,315	23,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45,900	23,485	22,415	96.4	96.6	96.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,350	75,400	44,600	60,350	75,400	44,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45,920	23,495	22,420	96.4	96.6	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,520	61,200	39,320	50,520	61,200	39,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	41,450	21,915	19,535	87.0	90.1	83.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,700	73,300	40,240	57,700	73,300	40,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,910	20,070	16,845	77.5	82.5	72.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,900	72,400	40,560	57,900	72,400	40,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,935	16,135	18,810	73.4	66.4	80.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,830	10,230	11,350	10,830	10,230	11,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,105	2,670	2,435	10.7	11.0	10.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,350	7,140	7,570	7,350	7,140	7,570
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,630	5,820	5,815	24.4	23.9	24.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,830	8,530	9,140	8,830	8,530	9,140
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	47,625	24,315	23,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	16,765	9,730	7,035	35.2	40.0	30.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,000	86,000	57,200	72,000	86,000	57,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,900	95,800	62,650	81,900	95,800	62,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,530	8,070	7,465	32.6	33.2	32.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,600	43,600	19,400	27,600	43,600	19,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	41,360	55,050	26,520	41,360	55,050	26,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.4	90.6	78.6	86.4	90.6	78.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	77.2	82.0	68.4	77.2	82.0	68.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.7	9.3	21.4	13.7	9.3	21.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.9	1.4	1.1	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6	3.3	6.8	4.6	3.3	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	2.8	5.3	3.7	2.8	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	47,625	24,310	23,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,740	815	920	3.7	3.4	3.9
With total income	45,890	23,500	22,385	96.4	96.7	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,205	1,475	2,725	9.2	6.3	12.2
$10,000 to $19,999	4,495	1,640	2,850	9.8	7.0	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,680	2,165	3,515	12.4	9.2	15.7
$30,000 to $39,999	4,975	1,930	3,045	10.8	8.2	13.6
$40,000 to $49,999	4,410	1,820	2,595	9.6	7.7	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	3,890	1,785	2,110	8.5	7.6	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,320	1,700	1,620	7.2	7.2	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,725	1,715	1,015	5.9	7.3	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,420	1,610	810	5.3	6.9	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,095	1,425	665	4.6	6.1	3.0
$100,000 and over	7,665	6,240	1,425	16.7	26.6	6.4
$100,000 to $149,999	5,075	3,975	1,100	11.1	16.9	4.9
$150,000 and over	2,590	2,270	325	5.6	9.7	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	47,625	24,310	23,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,700	795	910	3.6	3.3	3.9
With after-tax income	45,925	23,520	22,405	96.4	96.8	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,330	1,530	2,800	9.4	6.5	12.5
$10,000 to $19,999	4,655	1,695	2,960	10.1	7.2	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	6,430	2,460	3,970	14.0	10.5	17.7
$30,000 to $39,999	5,755	2,320	3,435	12.5	9.9	15.3
$40,000 to $49,999	5,090	2,220	2,870	11.1	9.4	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	4,540	2,315	2,225	9.9	9.8	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	3,665	2,255	1,410	8.0	9.6	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,045	2,050	1,000	6.6	8.7	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,450	1,735	715	5.3	7.4	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,635	1,265	365	3.6	5.4	1.6
$100,000 and over	4,335	3,675	660	9.4	15.6	2.9
$100,000 to $124,999	2,375	1,970	405	5.2	8.4	1.8
$125,000 and over	1,960	1,705	260	4.3	7.2	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	47,625	24,310	23,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	10,710	4,225	6,485	22.5	17.4	27.8
With employment income	36,910	20,085	16,825	77.5	82.6	72.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,135	1,755	2,375	11.2	8.7	14.1
$5,000 to $9,999	2,270	825	1,445	6.2	4.1	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	3,690	1,465	2,225	10.0	7.3	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	3,255	1,320	1,930	8.8	6.6	11.5
$30,000 to $39,999	2,995	1,270	1,725	8.1	6.3	10.3
$40,000 to $49,999	2,880	1,245	1,635	7.8	6.2	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	2,760	1,340	1,420	7.5	6.7	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	2,470	1,390	1,080	6.7	6.9	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,280	1,490	790	6.2	7.4	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,935	1,345	595	5.2	6.7	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,730	1,195	530	4.7	5.9	3.2
$100,000 and over	6,510	5,440	1,070	17.6	27.1	6.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,775	2,155	620	7.5	10.7	3.7
$125,000 and over	3,735	3,290	450	10.1	16.4	2.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	47,620	24,315	23,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,750	22,935	21,810	94.0	94.3	93.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	67,500	33,600	47,200	67,500	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,875	22,955	21,925	94.2	94.4	94.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	57,200	30,800	42,000	57,200	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	41,160	21,870	19,290	86.4	89.9	82.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	67,500	31,800	46,800	67,500	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,420	20,300	17,120	78.6	83.5	73.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	68,000	32,800	48,000	68,000	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,800	11,055	15,740	56.3	45.5	67.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	4,640	6,450	5,880	4,640	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,100	1,990	2,110	8.6	8.2	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,200	5,680	6,750	6,200	5,680	6,750
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	47,625	24,315	23,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	44,680	22,840	21,840	93.8	93.9	93.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,550	78,400	41,920	60,550	78,400	41,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	44,815	22,855	21,960	94.1	94.0	94.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,640	62,450	36,280	49,640	62,450	36,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	41,155	21,730	19,425	86.4	89.4	83.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,200	78,100	40,160	60,200	78,100	40,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,395	20,115	17,280	78.5	82.7	74.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,050	76,200	39,040	59,050	76,200	39,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,610	10,810	15,795	55.9	44.5	67.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,590	8,610	8,580	8,590	8,610	8,580
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,030	1,905	2,130	8.5	7.8	9.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,630	7,030	8,160	7,630	7,030	8,160
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	47,625	24,315	23,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	16,670	9,660	7,010	35.0	39.7	30.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	86,000	52,800	69,000	86,000	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,600	95,800	57,450	79,600	95,800	57,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,655	7,690	6,965	30.8	31.6	29.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,600	54,400	24,200	35,600	54,400	24,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	48,400	64,700	30,480	48,400	64,700	30,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.6	94.8	85.2	91.6	94.8	85.2
Employment income (%)	81.6	85.6	73.6	81.6	85.6	73.6
Government transfers (%)	8.4	5.2	14.8	8.4	5.2	14.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.9	1.1	0.8	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	24,905	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,410	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	52,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...	46,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	17,495	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	24,905	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	111,300	...	...	111,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	93,200	...	...	93,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	63,800	...	...	63,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...	53,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	17,490	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	131,400	...	...	131,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,900	...	...	109,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	24,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	265	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	115	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	225	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	420	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	810	...	...	3.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	720	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	695	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	775	...	...	3.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	795	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	755	...	...	3.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,540	...	...	6.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,475	...	...	5.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,490	...	...	6.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,445	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,390	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,995	...	...	48.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,115	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,610	...	...	10.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,435	...	...	13.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,835	...	...	11.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	24,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	290	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	120	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	225	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	435	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	845	...	...	3.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	810	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	820	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	895	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	840	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	925	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,850	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,805	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,815	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,735	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,585	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,910	...	...	39.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,620	...	...	14.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,595	...	...	10.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,695	...	...	14.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	16,535	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,450	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,045	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	144,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,370	5,970	4,405	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,800	58,000	40,000	48,800	58,000	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	50,400	37,200	44,000	50,400	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	16,505	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	130,400	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,420	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,500	...	...	123,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,095	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,200	...	...	155,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,490	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,300	...	...	70,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,400	5,885	4,520	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,350	67,500	48,800	59,350	67,500	48,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,160	55,600	43,080	50,160	55,600	43,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	60,330	30,930	29,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,940	7,780	7,160	24.8	25.2	24.4
0 to 5 years	5,115	2,630	2,490	8.5	8.5	8.5
18 to 64 years	38,235	19,640	18,590	63.4	63.5	63.2
65 years and over	7,160	3,510	3,650	11.9	11.3	12.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,905	2,765	3,135	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,685	900	785	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	600	315	280	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,020	1,375	1,645	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,200	490	710	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.8	8.9	10.7	9.8	8.9	10.7
0 to 17 years (%)	11.3	11.6	11.0	11.3	11.6	11.0
0 to 5 years (%)	11.6	12.0	11.3	11.6	12.0	11.3
18 to 64 years (%)	7.9	7.0	8.9	7.9	7.0	8.9
65 years and over (%)	16.8	14.1	19.4	16.8	14.1	19.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	58,985	30,260	28,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,590	7,560	7,030	24.7	25.0	24.5
0 to 5 years	5,010	2,555	2,455	8.5	8.4	8.5
18 to 64 years	37,420	19,295	18,130	63.4	63.8	63.1
65 years and over	6,980	3,415	3,560	11.8	11.3	12.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,670	855	810	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	445	235	215	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	145	75	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,095	560	530	...	...	...
65 years and over	130	65	65	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
18 to 64 years (%)	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
65 years and over (%)	1.9	2.0	1.8	1.9	2.0	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	60,330	30,930	29,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	25,995	12,675	13,315	43.1	41.0	45.3
In bottom decile	5,480	2,625	2,860	9.1	8.5	9.7
In second decile	4,885	2,320	2,560	8.1	7.5	8.7
In third decile	4,875	2,410	2,470	8.1	7.8	8.4
In fourth decile	5,225	2,570	2,650	8.7	8.3	9.0
In fifth decile	5,525	2,755	2,775	9.2	8.9	9.4
In top half of the distribution	34,340	18,250	16,090	56.9	59.0	54.7
In sixth decile	5,945	3,060	2,880	9.9	9.9	9.8
In seventh decile	6,800	3,525	3,270	11.3	11.4	11.1
In eighth decile	6,720	3,585	3,135	11.1	11.6	10.7
In ninth decile	7,555	4,040	3,515	12.5	13.1	12.0
In top decile	7,320	4,045	3,280	12.1	13.1	11.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	60,335	...	...	60,335	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.313	...	...	0.313	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.399	...	...	0.399	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.278	...	...	0.278	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	61,155	31,355	29,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	58,280	30,030	28,245	95.3	95.8	94.8
French only	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,465	1,130	1,340	4.0	3.6	4.5
Neither English nor French	405	190	210	0.7	0.6	0.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	61,155	31,355	29,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	60,270	30,890	29,375	98.6	98.5	98.6
French	460	255	205	0.8	0.8	0.7
English and French	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	370	175	195	0.6	0.6	0.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	61,155	31,355	29,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	59,730	30,640	29,090	97.7	97.7	97.6
Official languages	52,730	27,230	25,505	86.2	86.8	85.6
English	52,220	26,950	25,270	85.4	86.0	84.8
French	510	280	230	0.8	0.9	0.8
Non-official languages	6,995	3,410	3,585	11.4	10.9	12.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	265	120	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages	160	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	155	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	155	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	105	35	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern Athabaskan languages	100	35	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,730	3,290	3,435	11.0	10.5	11.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,335	555	775	2.2	1.8	2.6
Bikol	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,120	465	660	1.8	1.5	2.2
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	190	120	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	170	100	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,570	2,310	2,255	7.5	7.4	7.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,055	530	525	1.7	1.7	1.8
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,040	520	520	1.7	1.7	1.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	870	440	425	1.4	1.4	1.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,210	1,090	1,120	3.6	3.5	3.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,445	710	735	2.4	2.3	2.5
German	1,380	675	710	2.3	2.2	2.4
Pennsylvania German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	725	365	360	1.2	1.2	1.2
Afrikaans	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dutch	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	475	240	240	0.8	0.8	0.8
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	925	515	405	1.5	1.6	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	890	505	385	1.5	1.6	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	95	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	105	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	585	325	255	1.0	1.0	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	360	165	195	0.6	0.5	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	210	90	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	210	95	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	210	95	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	105	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,435	715	715	2.3	2.3	2.4
English and French	200	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,030	525	505	1.7	1.7	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	165	85	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	61,155	31,355	29,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	53,715	27,690	26,030	87.8	88.3	87.3
French	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	2,135	1,070	1,065	3.5	3.4	3.6
Indigenous³⁹	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,105	1,060	1,045	3.4	3.4	3.5
English and French	310	150	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	4,720	2,305	2,410	7.7	7.4	8.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	105	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	61,155	31,355	29,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	60,115	30,840	29,275	98.3	98.4	98.2
Official languages	56,010	28,765	27,240	91.6	91.7	91.4
English	55,880	28,700	27,180	91.4	91.5	91.2
French	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	4,105	2,075	2,035	6.7	6.6	6.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,045	2,050	1,995	6.6	6.5	6.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	770	360	410	1.3	1.1	1.4
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	675	315	360	1.1	1.0	1.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	140	80	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	135	80	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,830	1,460	1,370	4.6	4.7	4.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	745	395	355	1.2	1.3	1.2
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	740	390	345	1.2	1.2	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	700	365	335	1.1	1.2	1.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,250	620	635	2.0	2.0	2.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	795	395	410	1.3	1.3	1.4
German	780	380	395	1.3	1.2	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	450	230	225	0.7	0.7	0.8
Afrikaans	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low Saxon	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plautdietsch	330	160	165	0.5	0.5	0.6
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	670	360	305	1.1	1.1	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	655	360	290	1.1	1.1	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	475	260	215	0.8	0.8	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	155	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Romanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,045	515	530	1.7	1.6	1.8
English and French	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	960	470	485	1.6	1.5	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	61,155	31,350	29,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	56,835	29,250	27,585	92.9	93.3	92.6
English	1,660	830	830	2.7	2.6	2.8
French	240	110	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	1,900	900	1,000	3.1	2.9	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	155	70	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	1,740	830	910	2.8	2.6	3.1
English and French	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	255	140	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	230	100	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	60,330	30,930	29,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	60,035	30,790	29,245	99.5	99.5	99.5
English	60,030	30,790	29,240	99.5	99.5	99.4
French	2,470	1,100	1,375	4.1	3.6	4.7
Non-official languages	9,320	4,710	4,610	15.4	15.2	15.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	640	300	340	1.1	1.0	1.2
Algonquian languages	405	225	185	0.7	0.7	0.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	405	220	185	0.7	0.7	0.6
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	405	220	185	0.7	0.7	0.6
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	65	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.	265	145	120	0.4	0.5	0.4
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	300	110	185	0.5	0.4	0.6
Northern Athabaskan languages	300	110	185	0.5	0.4	0.6
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	170	80	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dene, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	100	20	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,700	4,410	4,290	14.4	14.3	14.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	80	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	100	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,805	755	1,050	3.0	2.4	3.6
Bikol	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	140	55	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	85	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,740	735	1,005	2.9	2.4	3.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	275	165	110	0.5	0.5	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	245	140	105	0.4	0.5	0.4
Tamil	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,650	3,060	2,590	9.4	9.9	8.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,265	715	550	2.1	2.3	1.9
Baltic languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,260	715	550	2.1	2.3	1.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	1,020	570	450	1.7	1.8	1.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	155	90	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,625	1,345	1,275	4.4	4.3	4.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,640	850	790	2.7	2.7	2.7
German	1,545	805	745	2.6	2.6	2.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	120	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	930	475	455	1.5	1.5	1.5
Afrikaans	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	700	355	345	1.2	1.1	1.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,245	730	525	2.1	2.4	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,225	715	510	2.0	2.3	1.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	575	315	260	1.0	1.0	0.9
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	890	515	370	1.5	1.7	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	800	430	370	1.3	1.4	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	145	85	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	575	295	280	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	190	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	185	70	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	260	140	125	0.4	0.5	0.4
Chinese languages	245	140	105	0.4	0.5	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	140	80	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	160	90	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	100	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	60,335	30,930	29,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,100	4,570	4,535	15.1	14.8	15.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	8,870	4,450	4,415	14.7	14.4	15.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,030	2,495	2,530	8.3	8.1	8.6
Métis	3,740	1,900	1,840	6.2	6.1	6.3
Inuk (Inuit)	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	175	80	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	51,230	26,365	24,865	84.9	85.2	84.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	60,335	30,930	29,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,705	1,825	1,880	6.1	5.9	6.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	56,625	29,105	27,520	93.9	94.1	93.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	24,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	16,570	...	...	66.5	...	...
Renter	7,840	...	...	31.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	500	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	24,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,365	...	...	5.5	...	...
Not condominium	23,540	...	...	94.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	24,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	130	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	2,115	...	...	8.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,965	...	...	24.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,715	...	...	35.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,980	...	...	32.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	24,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,030	...	...	24.2	...	...
5 rooms	4,295	...	...	17.2	...	...
6 rooms	3,960	...	...	15.9	...	...
7 rooms	3,230	...	...	13.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,380	...	...	29.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	24,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	24,425	...	...	98.1	...	...
More than one person per room	480	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	24,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	23,980	...	...	96.3	...	...
Not suitable	915	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	24,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,555	...	...	10.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,360	...	...	33.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,460	...	...	13.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,275	...	...	13.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,460	...	...	5.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,095	...	...	8.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,295	...	...	9.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,395	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	24,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	22,875	...	...	91.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,030	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	24,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	13,805	...	...	55.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	10,210	...	...	41.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	890	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	24,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,370	...	...	5.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,020	...	...	20.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,950	...	...	19.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,195	...	...	16.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,675	...	...	18.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,950	...	...	11.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,310	...	...	5.3	...	...
85 years and over	430	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	23,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	19,875	...	...	84.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,550	...	...	15.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,165	...	...	13.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	24,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,025	...	...	24.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,190	...	...	12.8	...	...
Not suitable only	755	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,620	...	...	6.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	295	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	18,875	...	...	75.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	23,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,770	...	...	7.7	...	...
Not in core need	21,270	...	...	92.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,740	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.4	...	...	66.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.5	...	...	10.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,432	...	...	1,432	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	336,000	...	...	336,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	362,000	...	...	362,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,755	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.3	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.5	...	...	24.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.2	...	...	14.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,159	...	...	1,159	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	500	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	17.0	...	...	17.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	376	...	...	376	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	492	...	...	492	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	60,330	30,930	29,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,920	1,955	1,965	6.5	6.3	6.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,755	1,880	1,870	6.2	6.1	6.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,935	1,455	1,485	4.9	4.7	5.1
Métis single ancestry	765	400	360	1.3	1.3	1.2
Inuit single ancestry	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	160	70	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	160	70	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,480	2,670	2,815	9.1	8.6	9.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,275	2,590	2,685	8.7	8.4	9.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,505	1,765	1,740	5.8	5.7	5.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,710	795	915	2.8	2.6	3.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	205	75	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	205	75	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	50,935	26,305	24,625	84.4	85.0	83.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	60,330	30,930	29,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	56,345	28,850	27,495	93.4	93.3	93.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,530	7,530	6,995	24.1	24.3	23.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	41,820	21,315	20,500	69.3	68.9	69.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,985	2,080	1,905	6.6	6.7	6.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	60,330	30,930	29,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	53,360	27,490	25,875	88.4	88.9	88.0
Immigrants⁸¹	5,730	2,720	3,005	9.5	8.8	10.2
Before 1980	1,090	520	570	1.8	1.7	1.9
1980 to 1990	400	150	245	0.7	0.5	0.8
1991 to 2000	630	315	320	1.0	1.0	1.1
2001 to 2010	920	380	540	1.5	1.2	1.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,685	1,355	1,335	4.5	4.4	4.5
2011 to 2015	1,135	520	620	1.9	1.7	2.1
2016 to 2021	1,550	835	715	2.6	2.7	2.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,245	715	525	2.1	2.3	1.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,730	2,720	3,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	575	260	315	10.0	9.6	10.5
5 to 14 years	1,175	645	530	20.5	23.7	17.6
15 to 24 years	965	475	495	16.8	17.5	16.5
25 to 44 years	2,580	1,125	1,460	45.0	41.4	48.6
45 years and over	430	225	210	7.5	8.3	7.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,730	2,720	3,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,120	485	640	19.5	17.8	21.3
Brazil	35	15	25	0.6	0.6	0.8
Colombia	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
El Salvador	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	120	65	55	2.1	2.4	1.8
Mexico	75	25	45	1.3	0.9	1.5
Peru	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	770	330	445	13.4	12.1	14.8
Other places of birth in Americas	80	25	50	1.4	0.9	1.7
Europe	1,465	740	720	25.6	27.2	24.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Germany	430	190	240	7.5	7.0	8.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	15	10	0.3	0.6	0.3
Italy	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	30	20	15	0.5	0.7	0.5
Poland	20	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portugal	25	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.3
Romania	15	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	165	60	105	2.9	2.2	3.5
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Ukraine	65	40	30	1.1	1.5	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	375	200	175	6.5	7.4	5.8
Other places of birth in Europe	275	160	110	4.8	5.9	3.7
Africa	335	170	165	5.8	6.3	5.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Morocco	25	15	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Nigeria	150	70	75	2.6	2.6	2.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	85	45	40	1.5	1.7	1.3
Other places of birth in Africa	40	15	25	0.7	0.6	0.8
Asia	2,725	1,275	1,445	47.6	46.9	48.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
China⁹⁰	110	55	60	1.9	2.0	2.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	15	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	105	45	60	1.8	1.7	2.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,540	660	880	26.9	24.3	29.3
Viet Nam	35	10	20	0.6	0.4	0.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	540	300	240	9.4	11.0	8.0
Pakistan	75	40	35	1.3	1.5	1.2
Sri Lanka	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	230	115	110	4.0	4.2	3.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	80	50	30	1.4	1.8	1.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,550	840	715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	205	110	95	13.2	13.1	13.3
Brazil	15	10	10	1.0	1.2	1.4
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	75	55	20	4.8	6.5	2.8
Mexico	20	0	20	1.3	0.0	2.8
United States of America	80	35	50	5.2	4.2	7.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	15	0	1.0	1.8	0.0
Europe	135	90	45	8.7	10.7	6.3
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	10	1.6	1.8	1.4
Ukraine	45	25	20	2.9	3.0	2.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	1.0	1.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	25	10	2.3	3.0	1.4
Africa	60	25	35	3.9	3.0	4.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	45	20	25	2.9	2.4	3.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.4
Asia	1,125	590	535	72.6	70.2	74.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	10	1.3	0.0	1.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	340	210	135	21.9	25.0	18.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	15	2.6	2.4	2.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	650	320	330	41.9	38.1	46.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	15	25	2.6	1.8	3.5
Oceania and other⁹³	25	20	0	1.6	2.4	0.0
Australia	20	15	0	1.3	1.8	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	60,335	30,930	29,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,375	3,700	3,675	12.2	12.0	12.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,205	4,165	4,040	13.6	13.5	13.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	44,750	23,070	21,680	74.2	74.6	73.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,635	2,200	2,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,190	1,615	1,575	68.8	73.4	64.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,350	795	555	29.1	36.1	22.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,845	820	1,020	39.8	37.3	41.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,280	485	795	27.6	22.0	32.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	120	70	45	2.6	3.2	1.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	45	25	20	1.0	1.1	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,635	2,200	2,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40	30	10	0.9	1.4	0.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,120	470	650	24.2	21.4	26.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	170	105	60	3.7	4.8	2.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	405	265	140	8.7	12.0	5.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	0	20	0.5	0.0	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,875	1,325	1,550	62.0	60.2	63.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	60,335	30,930	29,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,895	2,880	3,020	9.8	9.3	10.3
South Asian	1,600	930	670	2.7	3.0	2.3
Chinese	355	190	165	0.6	0.6	0.6
Black	680	335	345	1.1	1.1	1.2
Filipino	2,110	860	1,245	3.5	2.8	4.2
Arab	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	205	115	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Southeast Asian	285	95	185	0.5	0.3	0.6
West Asian	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	215	105	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
Japanese	90	60	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	205	105	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	54,435	28,050	26,385	90.2	90.7	89.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	60,330	30,930	29,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,970	5,360	4,610	16.5	17.3	15.7
English	13,090	6,425	6,665	21.7	20.8	22.7
Irish	10,030	4,580	5,450	16.6	14.8	18.5
Scottish	11,310	5,540	5,770	18.7	17.9	19.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,895	2,875	3,020	9.8	9.3	10.3
German	11,325	5,830	5,495	18.8	18.8	18.7
Chinese	605	325	280	1.0	1.1	1.0
Italian	1,215	570	650	2.0	1.8	2.2
Indian (India)	1,010	580	430	1.7	1.9	1.5
Ukrainian	3,235	1,655	1,580	5.4	5.4	5.4
Dutch	2,500	1,285	1,220	4.1	4.2	4.1
Polish	1,485	740	745	2.5	2.4	2.5
Québécois	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,890	1,015	875	3.1	3.3	3.0
Filipino	2,055	860	1,200	3.4	2.8	4.1
French Canadian	675	330	345	1.1	1.1	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,795	880	915	3.0	2.8	3.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,620	1,295	1,325	4.3	4.2	4.5
Métis	2,840	1,345	1,500	4.7	4.3	5.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,370	695	675	2.3	2.2	2.3
Russian	2,240	1,225	1,015	3.7	4.0	3.5
Norwegian	3,475	1,745	1,730	5.8	5.6	5.9
Welsh	1,415	700	715	2.3	2.3	2.4
Portuguese	215	85	135	0.4	0.3	0.5
American	1,585	820	765	2.6	2.7	2.6
Spanish	295	140	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swedish	1,940	925	1,020	3.2	3.0	3.5
Hungarian	570	260	310	0.9	0.8	1.1
Acadian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	85	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	210	105	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jewish	190	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	250	155	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
Vietnamese	95	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Greek	165	105	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	170	95	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	280	135	140	0.5	0.4	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,960	970	990	3.2	3.1	3.4
Korean	175	95	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	345	150	190	0.6	0.5	0.6
Lebanese	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	310	155	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Danish	670	280	390	1.1	0.9	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	810	405	410	1.3	1.3	1.4
Sikh	175	125	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Austrian	440	270	175	0.7	0.9	0.6
Belgian	200	90	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	175	90	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	995	500	490	1.6	1.6	1.7
Swiss	585	305	280	1.0	1.0	1.0
Finnish	340	135	205	0.6	0.4	0.7
Sri Lankan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	150	80	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Japanese	145	80	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	750	350	400	1.2	1.1	1.4
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	360	230	130	0.6	0.7	0.4
Colombian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	340	195	145	0.6	0.6	0.5
Syrian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	125	85	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Newfoundlander	125	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkish	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	50	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	140	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	115	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australian	125	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	200	80	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bulgarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern Irish	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	405	230	180	0.7	0.7	0.6
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	120	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	40	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	95	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	120	80	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	60,335	30,930	29,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	120	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Christian	23,925	11,360	12,570	39.7	36.7	42.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,580	4,180	4,400	14.2	13.5	15.0
Anabaptist	1,130	605	525	1.9	2.0	1.8
Anglican	1,180	485	690	2.0	1.6	2.3
Baptist	760	340	420	1.3	1.1	1.4
Catholic	6,340	3,130	3,215	10.5	10.1	10.9
Christian Orthodox	110	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	435	190	240	0.7	0.6	0.8
Latter Day Saints	205	75	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
Lutheran	800	380	425	1.3	1.2	1.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	155	70	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	965	445	530	1.6	1.4	1.8
Presbyterian	270	105	165	0.4	0.3	0.6
Reformed	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	1,265	525	740	2.1	1.7	2.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,705	770	930	2.8	2.5	3.2
Hindu	370	195	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jewish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	305	170	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	695	415	280	1.2	1.3	1.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	245	120	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	575	210	360	1.0	0.7	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	34,055	18,390	15,670	56.4	59.5	53.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	59,520	30,475	29,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	50,870	26,155	24,710	85.5	85.8	85.1
Movers	8,655	4,325	4,330	14.5	14.2	14.9
Non-migrants	5,575	2,770	2,805	9.4	9.1	9.7
Migrants	3,085	1,550	1,530	5.2	5.1	5.3
Internal migrants	2,780	1,415	1,365	4.7	4.6	4.7
Intraprovincial migrants	1,710	885	825	2.9	2.9	2.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,075	530	540	1.8	1.7	1.9
External migrants	295	135	165	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	56,105	28,710	27,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	31,885	16,320	15,570	56.8	56.8	56.8
Movers	24,215	12,390	11,830	43.2	43.2	43.2
Non-migrants	9,575	4,900	4,675	17.1	17.1	17.1
Migrants	14,645	7,490	7,155	26.1	26.1	26.1
Internal migrants	12,765	6,495	6,270	22.8	22.6	22.9
Intraprovincial migrants	9,060	4,550	4,515	16.1	15.8	16.5
Interprovincial migrants	3,705	1,945	1,750	6.6	6.8	6.4
External migrants	1,885	995	885	3.4	3.5	3.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,625	24,315	23,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,645	6,525	5,120	24.5	26.8	22.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	35,985	17,790	18,190	75.6	73.2	78.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,135	16,815	16,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,145	3,555	2,585	18.5	21.1	15.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	26,995	13,255	13,735	81.5	78.8	84.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,625	24,315	23,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,380	5,685	4,695	21.8	23.4	20.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,095	7,695	8,405	33.8	31.6	36.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,145	10,935	10,210	44.4	45.0	43.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,110	8,615	6,495	31.7	35.4	27.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,340	5,155	1,185	13.3	21.2	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,145	1,420	725	4.5	5.8	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,195	3,735	460	8.8	15.4	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,675	3,100	4,575	16.1	12.7	19.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,095	360	735	2.3	1.5	3.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,035	2,320	3,715	12.7	9.5	15.9
Bachelor's degree	4,445	1,665	2,790	9.3	6.8	12.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	445	185	260	0.9	0.8	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	120	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Master's degree	930	355	575	2.0	1.5	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	90	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,135	16,815	16,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,330	3,000	2,330	16.1	17.8	14.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,925	5,220	5,705	33.0	31.0	35.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,880	8,595	8,290	50.9	51.1	50.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,655	6,670	4,990	35.2	39.7	30.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,925	4,045	875	14.9	24.1	5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,680	1,140	540	5.1	6.8	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,240	2,900	340	9.8	17.2	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,930	2,375	3,555	17.9	14.1	21.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	810	255	555	2.4	1.5	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,220	1,925	3,295	15.8	11.4	20.2
Bachelor's degree	3,875	1,405	2,465	11.7	8.4	15.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	360	145	210	1.1	0.9	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	40	45	0.3	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	825	295	530	2.5	1.8	3.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	47,625	24,315	23,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,480	13,380	13,105	55.6	55.0	56.2
Education	1,480	225	1,255	3.1	0.9	5.4
13. Education	1,480	225	1,255	3.1	0.9	5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	335	150	190	0.7	0.6	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	280	100	180	0.6	0.4	0.8
Humanities	750	300	450	1.6	1.2	1.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	125	25	100	0.3	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	220	90	130	0.5	0.4	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	100	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	85	55	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,395	420	970	2.9	1.7	4.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	365	30	335	0.8	0.1	1.4
22. Legal professions and studies	160	50	115	0.3	0.2	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	300	55	240	0.6	0.2	1.0
45. Social sciences	410	235	170	0.9	1.0	0.7
Business, management and public administration	3,670	1,100	2,570	7.7	4.5	11.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	435	65	365	0.9	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,230	1,030	2,200	6.8	4.2	9.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	510	260	250	1.1	1.1	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	190	55	130	0.4	0.2	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	160	105	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	335	185	150	0.7	0.8	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	255	160	100	0.5	0.7	0.4
25. Library science	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,310	6,645	665	15.3	27.3	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	530	395	130	1.1	1.6	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,650	1,450	200	3.5	6.0	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,795	1,735	65	3.8	7.1	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,275	2,115	155	4.8	8.7	0.7
48. Precision production	995	920	75	2.1	3.8	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,060	630	435	2.2	2.6	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	450	235	220	0.9	1.0	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	610	395	210	1.3	1.6	0.9
Health and related fields	2,925	405	2,520	6.1	1.7	10.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	170	70	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,725	320	2,405	5.7	1.3	10.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,350	615	735	2.8	2.5	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	815	175	640	1.7	0.7	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	125	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	410	370	35	0.9	1.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	33,135	16,815	16,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,255	8,220	8,035	49.1	48.9	49.2
Education	1,145	155	990	3.5	0.9	6.1
13. Education	1,145	155	990	3.5	0.9	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	285	130	155	0.9	0.8	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	245	95	150	0.7	0.6	0.9
Humanities	570	210	360	1.7	1.2	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	90	10	80	0.3	0.1	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	150	45	110	0.5	0.3	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	145	85	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	75	45	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,150	325	835	3.5	1.9	5.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	70	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	290	20	270	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	135	25	110	0.4	0.1	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	245	30	215	0.7	0.2	1.3
45. Social sciences	355	215	140	1.1	1.3	0.9
Business, management and public administration	2,965	835	2,130	8.9	5.0	13.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	350	55	300	1.1	0.3	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,605	785	1,820	7.9	4.7	11.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	420	205	215	1.3	1.2	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	170	50	120	0.5	0.3	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	60	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	125	80	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	285	160	120	0.9	1.0	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	230	140	90	0.7	0.8	0.6
25. Library science	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,855	5,275	575	17.7	31.4	3.5
04. Architecture and related services	50	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	480	360	120	1.4	2.1	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,360	1,195	175	4.1	7.1	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,425	1,380	45	4.3	8.2	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,760	1,630	130	5.3	9.7	0.8
48. Precision production	780	705	65	2.4	4.2	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	825	465	360	2.5	2.8	2.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	295	125	170	0.9	0.7	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	530	335	195	1.6	2.0	1.2
Health and related fields	2,315	325	1,990	7.0	1.9	12.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	115	50	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,165	270	1,900	6.5	1.6	11.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,055	510	545	3.2	3.0	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	635	150	485	1.9	0.9	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	90	60	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	330	300	30	1.0	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	33,135	16,815	16,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,255	8,220	8,035	49.1	48.9	49.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	16,880	8,595	8,285	50.9	51.1	50.8
Location of study inside Canada	14,345	7,540	6,800	43.3	44.8	41.7
Same as province or territory of residence	9,810	5,325	4,485	29.6	31.7	27.5
Different than province or territory of residence	4,535	2,220	2,310	13.7	13.2	14.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,540	1,050	1,490	7.7	6.2	9.1
Americas	445	155	290	1.3	0.9	1.8
United States of America	330	120	210	1.0	0.7	1.3
Mexico	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	405	205	200	1.2	1.2	1.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	75	45	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130	65	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	75	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Africa	160	65	90	0.5	0.4	0.6
Nigeria	70	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	60	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,470	595	875	4.4	3.5	5.4
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	65	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	880	330	550	2.7	2.0	3.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	385	185	200	1.2	1.1	1.2
Pakistan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	50	25	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	60	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australia	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	47,625	24,315	23,310	...	...	...
In the labour force	33,540	18,555	14,990	...	...	...
Employed	30,595	16,815	13,785	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,950	1,740	1,205	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	14,085	5,755	8,320	...	...	...
Participation rate	70.4	76.3	64.3	70.4	76.3	64.3
Employment rate	64.2	69.2	59.1	64.2	69.2	59.1
Unemployment rate	8.8	9.4	8.0	8.8	9.4	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	47,625	24,315	23,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	13,905	5,730	8,180	29.2	23.6	35.1
Worked	33,720	18,585	15,135	70.8	76.4	64.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	17,240	10,045	7,190	36.2	41.3	30.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	16,475	8,540	7,940	34.6	35.1	34.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	42.0	40.5	41.3	42.0	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	33,545	18,555	14,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	540	270	265	1.6	1.5	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	33,005	18,285	14,720	98.4	98.5	98.2
Employee	27,885	15,050	12,835	83.1	81.1	85.6
Permanent position	23,770	13,020	10,750	70.9	70.2	71.7
Temporary position	4,115	2,030	2,085	12.3	10.9	13.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,370	630	735	4.1	3.4	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,750	1,395	1,350	8.2	7.5	9.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,120	3,235	1,885	15.3	17.4	12.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	33,545	18,555	14,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	540	270	265	1.6	1.5	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	33,005	18,285	14,720	98.4	98.5	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	195	120	75	0.6	0.6	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,495	835	3,660	13.4	4.5	24.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,815	1,375	440	5.4	7.4	2.9
3 Health occupations	1,685	260	1,425	5.0	1.4	9.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,470	910	2,560	10.3	4.9	17.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	500	185	310	1.5	1.0	2.1
6 Sales and service occupations	7,640	2,935	4,705	22.8	15.8	31.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,470	7,665	805	25.2	41.3	5.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,840	2,335	505	8.5	12.6	3.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,890	1,660	230	5.6	8.9	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	33,545	18,555	14,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	540	270	265	1.6	1.5	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	33,005	18,285	14,720	98.4	98.5	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,760	1,215	545	5.2	6.5	3.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,825	3,180	650	11.4	17.1	4.3
22 Utilities	490	400	90	1.5	2.2	0.6
23 Construction	3,740	3,075	665	11.1	16.6	4.4
31-33 Manufacturing	1,510	1,160	350	4.5	6.3	2.3
41 Wholesale trade	910	635	280	2.7	3.4	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	3,505	1,685	1,815	10.4	9.1	12.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,005	1,455	545	6.0	7.8	3.6
51 Information and cultural industries	235	125	115	0.7	0.7	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	510	100	410	1.5	0.5	2.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	535	285	255	1.6	1.5	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,605	795	805	4.8	4.3	5.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,155	515	640	3.4	2.8	4.3
61 Educational services	2,195	475	1,715	6.5	2.6	11.4
62 Health care and social assistance	2,830	385	2,445	8.4	2.1	16.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	500	170	325	1.5	0.9	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	2,290	900	1,395	6.8	4.9	9.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,645	940	705	4.9	5.1	4.7
91 Public administration	1,735	785	950	5.2	4.2	6.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	36,340	19,885	16,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	35,605	19,480	16,130	98.0	98.0	98.1
French	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	145	80	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	145	80	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	115	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	435	245	195	1.2	1.2	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	36,340	19,885	16,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	36,285	19,845	16,435	99.8	99.8	99.9
Official languages	36,025	19,700	16,330	99.1	99.1	99.3
English	35,975	19,680	16,300	99.0	99.0	99.1
French	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	260	145	110	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	260	145	110	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	210	130	85	0.6	0.7	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	195	115	80	0.5	0.6	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	95	60	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
German	95	60	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	105	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	105	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	50	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	36,340	19,885	16,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	35,830	19,610	16,220	98.6	98.6	98.6
English	125	70	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
French	85	50	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Non-official language	270	140	120	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	230	130	100	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	30,595	16,815	13,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,565	1,450	2,110	11.7	8.6	15.3
Worked outside Canada	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	6,565	5,195	1,370	21.5	30.9	9.9
Usual place of work	20,460	10,155	10,305	66.9	60.4	74.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	20,460	10,155	10,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,230	6,220	7,010	64.7	61.3	68.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,835	3,185	2,655	28.5	31.4	25.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,230	640	590	6.0	6.3	5.7
Commute to a different province or territory	160	115	55	0.8	1.1	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	27,020	15,350	11,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	24,735	14,310	10,430	91.5	93.2	89.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	22,830	13,330	9,505	84.5	86.8	81.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,905	980	930	7.1	6.4	8.0
Public transit	335	185	150	1.2	1.2	1.3
Walked	1,475	625	850	5.5	4.1	7.3
Bicycle	105	75	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
Other method	365	155	210	1.4	1.0	1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	27,020	15,350	11,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,190	7,465	7,725	56.2	48.6	66.2
15 to 29 minutes	6,120	3,500	2,615	22.6	22.8	22.4
30 to 44 minutes	2,465	1,675	795	9.1	10.9	6.8
45 to 59 minutes	895	670	225	3.3	4.4	1.9
60 minutes and over	2,345	2,035	310	8.7	13.3	2.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	27,020	15,350	11,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,400	1,890	510	8.9	12.3	4.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,780	4,300	1,480	21.4	28.0	12.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,200	4,060	3,140	26.6	26.4	26.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,550	2,090	3,465	20.5	13.6	29.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,430	840	1,600	9.0	5.5	13.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,660	2,175	1,480	13.5	14.2	12.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	15,210	7,915	7,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	850	415	430	5.6	5.2	5.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,365	7,495	6,870	94.4	94.7	94.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,690	5,585	5,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	615	305	310	5.8	5.5	6.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	325	155	165	3.0	2.8	3.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	290	145	145	2.7	2.6	2.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,070	5,285	4,785	94.2	94.6	93.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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